Census Profile, 2016 Census
Ontario [Province] and Saskatchewan [Province]

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Ontario [Province]			Saskatchewan [Province]
	Data quality , Ontario [Province] Map : Ontario [Province] Change geography 1			Data quality : Saskatchewan [Province] Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	13,448,494	...	...	1,098,352	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	12,851,821	...	...	1,033,381	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	4.6	...	...	6.3	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	5,598,391	...	...	495,582	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	5,169,174	...	...	432,622	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	14.8	...	...	1.9	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	908,699.33	...	...	588,243.54	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	13,448,495	6,559,390	6,889,105	1,098,350	545,785	552,565
0 to 14 years	2,207,970	1,131,615	1,076,350	215,685	110,410	105,275
0 to 4 years	697,360	357,300	340,055	73,130	37,335	35,795
5 to 9 years	756,085	387,320	368,765	74,460	38,155	36,305
10 to 14 years	754,530	387,000	367,530	68,095	34,920	33,175
15 to 64 years	8,988,865	4,412,115	4,576,750	712,240	358,110	354,130
15 to 19 years	811,670	416,730	394,945	67,660	34,675	32,980
20 to 24 years	894,390	457,815	436,570	70,060	36,075	33,985
25 to 29 years	874,350	436,345	438,010	77,525	39,290	38,235
30 to 34 years	864,765	420,800	443,965	77,520	38,610	38,915
35 to 39 years	842,485	402,900	439,585	71,590	35,940	35,650
40 to 44 years	871,875	418,465	453,415	64,950	32,515	32,440
45 to 49 years	937,385	453,105	484,275	63,580	31,780	31,795
50 to 54 years	1,056,345	517,170	539,175	75,245	37,230	38,015
55 to 59 years	989,460	482,280	507,180	76,195	38,070	38,125
60 to 64 years	846,145	406,505	439,640	67,915	33,935	33,985
65 years and over	2,251,655	1,015,655	1,236,000	170,425	77,265	93,160
65 to 69 years	737,745	352,475	385,270	53,230	26,285	26,945
70 to 74 years	528,645	250,455	278,185	37,740	18,225	19,510
75 to 79 years	393,010	179,810	213,195	29,400	13,415	15,985
80 to 84 years	291,185	126,825	164,360	23,115	9,945	13,170
85 years and over	301,075	106,090	194,985	26,940	9,395	17,550
85 to 89 years	188,470	73,045	115,425	16,280	6,305	9,975
90 to 94 years	88,390	27,400	60,990	8,000	2,515	5,485
95 to 99 years	21,210	5,150	16,060	2,290	520	1,760
100 years and over	3,005	495	2,520	375	50	325
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16.4	17.3	15.6	19.6	20.2	19.1
15 to 64 years	66.8	67.3	66.4	64.8	65.6	64.1
65 years and over	16.7	15.5	17.9	15.5	14.2	16.9
85 years and over	2.2	1.6	2.8	2.5	1.7	3.2
Average age of the population	41.0	40.0	41.9	39.1	38.2	40.0
Median age of the population	41.3	40.2	42.4	37.8	36.9	38.7
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	5,169,175	...	...	432,620	...	...
Single-detached house	2,807,380	...	...	314,340	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	886,705	...	...	10,520	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	1,460,200	...	...	98,435	...	...
Semi-detached house	289,975	...	...	12,705	...	...
Row house	460,425	...	...	18,535	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	176,080	...	...	9,385	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	522,810	...	...	57,115	...	...
Other single-attached house	10,910	...	...	700	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	14,890	...	...	9,325	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	5,169,170	...	...	432,625	...	...
1 person	1,341,300	...	...	121,175	...	...
2 persons	1,693,525	...	...	153,610	...	...
3 persons	834,260	...	...	60,240	...	...
4 persons	796,320	...	...	56,080	...	...
5 or more persons	503,775	...	...	41,520	...	...
Number of persons in private households	13,242,160	...	...	1,070,560	...	...
Average household size	2.6	...	...	2.5	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	11,240,525	5,427,775	5,812,750	882,670	435,375	447,290
Married or living common law	6,438,085	3,219,290	3,218,795	520,430	261,075	259,355
Married	5,531,930	2,764,275	2,767,655	437,875	219,800	218,075
Living common law	906,155	455,015	451,145	82,550	41,270	41,280
Not married and not living common law	4,802,440	2,208,485	2,593,955	362,240	174,310	187,930
Never married	3,182,785	1,689,180	1,493,605	242,070	133,750	108,325
Separated	328,675	138,140	190,535	19,795	8,945	10,855
Divorced	653,835	252,900	400,935	47,180	20,985	26,200
Widowed	637,150	128,265	508,880	53,190	10,635	42,555
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	3,782,540	...	...	302,260	...	...
2 persons	1,815,000	...	...	157,195	...	...
3 persons	844,545	...	...	58,770	...	...
4 persons	792,435	...	...	54,125	...	...
5 or more persons	330,560	...	...	32,170	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	3,782,545	...	...	302,260	...	...
Total couple families	3,137,570	...	...	252,765	...	...
Married couples	2,684,735	...	...	211,500	...	...
Common-law couples	452,840	...	...	41,265	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	644,975	...	...	49,495	...	...
Female parent	518,480	...	...	38,165	...	...
Male parent	126,495	...	...	11,330	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	3,137,565	...	...	252,770	...	...
Couples without children	1,428,575	...	...	129,085	...	...
Couples with children	1,708,995	...	...	123,685	...	...
1 child	658,305	...	...	45,495	...	...
2 children	738,710	...	...	49,035	...	...
3 or more children	311,975	...	...	29,150	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	644,975	...	...	49,490	...	...
1 child	386,425	...	...	28,110	...	...
2 children	186,240	...	...	13,280	...	...
3 or more children	72,310	...	...	8,105	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	2,139,825	990,525	1,149,300	187,765	95,550	92,210
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	5,169,175	...	...	432,620	...	...
One-census-family households	3,481,885	...	...	285,675	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	1,311,575	...	...	124,620	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	2,170,315	...	...	161,055	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	145,615	...	...	7,975	...	...
Non-census-family households	1,541,665	...	...	138,965	...	...
One-person households	1,341,305	...	...	121,175	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	200,365	...	...	17,795	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	13,312,865	6,503,875	6,808,990	1,083,240	539,100	544,130
English only	11,455,500	5,689,830	5,765,665	1,023,400	511,940	511,460
French only	40,040	17,340	22,705	535	255	280
English and French	1,490,390	665,850	824,540	51,360	23,290	28,065
Neither English nor French	326,935	130,850	196,085	7,945	3,620	4,325
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	13,312,865	6,503,880	6,808,995	1,083,240	539,105	544,135
English	12,394,325	6,095,970	6,298,355	1,060,225	528,155	532,075
French	504,130	236,875	267,250	13,555	6,590	6,960
English and French	92,940	42,910	50,030	1,770	890	885
Neither English nor French	321,480	128,125	193,355	7,685	3,475	4,220
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	550,600	258,330	292,270	14,435	7,035	7,405
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	4.1	4.0	4.3	1.3	1.3	1.4
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	13,312,870	6,503,875	6,808,990	1,083,240	539,105	544,135
Single responses	12,946,960	6,327,630	6,619,330	1,064,675	530,145	534,530
Official languages	9,393,040	4,637,520	4,755,520	907,715	452,955	454,760
English	8,902,320	4,406,210	4,496,110	892,615	445,635	446,985
French	490,715	231,310	259,410	15,100	7,320	7,775
Non-official languages	3,553,920	1,690,110	1,863,810	156,960	77,195	79,770
Aboriginal languages	22,765	10,815	11,950	28,340	13,685	14,660
Algonquian languages	21,235	10,175	11,060	19,965	9,640	10,325
Blackfoot	10	5	5	10	5	5
Cree-Montagnais languages	5,080	2,485	2,595	19,015	9,190	9,825
Atikamekw	5	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	5	5	5	0	0	0
Moose Cree	85	40	45	5	0	0
Naskapi	10	5	5	5	0	0
Northern East Cree	55	25	30	30	15	10
Plains Cree	35	5	30	2,080	975	1,105
Southern East Cree	5	0	0	5	5	5
Swampy Cree	355	135	225	250	115	135
Woods Cree	15	10	5	780	370	410
Cree, n.o.s.	4,500	2,255	2,245	15,860	7,710	8,155
Eastern Algonquian languages	90	40	50	5	0	5
Malecite	10	5	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	85	35	50	5	5	5
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	16,025	7,620	8,400	935	445	490
Algonquin	65	30	35	0	0	0
Ojibway	9,505	4,515	4,985	925	440	485
Oji-Cree	6,310	3,015	3,300	10	5	5
Ottawa (Odawa)	145	65	80	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	30	20	10	5	0	0
Athabaskan languages	60	20	40	7,860	3,800	4,060
Northern Athabaskan languages	55	20	35	7,860	3,805	4,055
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	5	0	5	0	0	0
Chilcotin	5	0	5	0	0	0
Dene	20	10	10	7,855	3,800	4,055
Dogrib (Tlicho)	5	5	5	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	10	0	5	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	5	5	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	5	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	5	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	5	0	0
Haida	0	5	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	475	165	305	35	10	20
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	5	5	5	5	5	0
Inuktitut	425	145	280	20	10	15
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	45	20	25	10	0	5
Iroquoian languages	710	300	410	5	0	5
Cayuga	40	20	20	0	0	0
Mohawk	590	255	335	0	0	5
Oneida	55	15	40	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	20	5	15	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	25	15	15	235	110	125
Salish languages	5	0	5	5	5	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	5	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	5	0	0	5	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	5	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	10	5	5	230	110	120
Dakota	5	5	5	195	85	105
Stoney	0	0	0	5	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	35	20	15
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	5	5	0	5	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	5	0	0	0
Nisga'a	5	0	0	5	0	0
Tsimshian	0	5	0	5	5	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	5	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	5	5	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	235	130	105	10	5	5
Non-Aboriginal languages	3,531,160	1,679,300	1,851,865	128,620	63,510	65,110
Afro-Asiatic languages	253,830	127,720	126,110	6,770	3,560	3,215
Berber languages	725	405	320	10	5	0
Kabyle	425	225	200	5	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	305	180	120	10	5	0
Cushitic languages	24,605	10,730	13,870	1,050	505	545
Bilen	250	140	110	55	25	30
Oromo	1,445	720	730	195	100	90
Somali	22,680	9,755	12,925	775	355	415
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	225	115	110	25	15	10
Semitic languages	227,985	116,320	111,665	5,685	3,035	2,650
Amharic	10,720	4,960	5,760	290	140	155
Arabic	171,370	88,400	82,965	4,040	2,200	1,840
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	14,555	7,135	7,420	305	160	145
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	4,795	2,365	2,425	150	75	75
Harari	1,030	485	545	5	0	0
Hebrew	11,575	6,220	5,350	75	45	30
Maltese	5,175	2,575	2,600	10	5	5
Tigrigna	7,345	3,470	3,870	680	340	340
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	1,435	705	730	130	65	60
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	520	265	250	25	15	5
Austro-Asiatic languages	78,125	35,880	42,240	2,560	1,250	1,305
Khmer (Cambodian)	7,355	3,330	4,020	135	70	70
Vietnamese	70,690	32,520	38,165	2,420	1,180	1,235
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	85	30	50	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	194,380	76,060	118,315	23,415	11,130	12,280
Bikol	595	260	330	85	40	40
Cebuano	6,545	2,500	4,045	1,545	685	855
Fijian	80	45	40	25	20	5
Hiligaynon	2,750	1,030	1,725	255	120	140
Ilocano	11,285	4,430	6,860	790	370	415
Malagasy	100	45	55	0	0	0
Malay	5,760	2,520	3,240	125	55	70
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	1,505	670	840	175	80	95
Pangasinan	535	215	315	40	15	25
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	163,415	63,665	99,755	20,045	9,590	10,455
Waray-Waray	405	140	270	60	30	35
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	1,400	550	850	265	125	140
Creole languages	11,255	5,095	6,165	220	105	120
Haitian Creole	630	290	340	5	0	5
Creole, n.o.s.	8,025	3,580	4,440	150	70	80
Creole languages, n.i.e.	2,605	1,225	1,380	65	30	35
Dravidian languages	148,605	73,530	75,075	1,560	865	700
Kannada	2,670	1,365	1,305	60	35	30
Malayalam	17,140	8,795	8,350	850	455	395
Tamil	117,630	57,310	60,320	350	200	150
Telugu	10,820	5,895	4,925	285	165	120
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	340	165	175	10	10	0
Hmong-Mien languages	525	250	270	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	2,024,365	980,200	1,044,165	73,170	36,230	36,930
Albanian	19,045	9,535	9,510	380	190	190
Armenian	15,070	7,305	7,765	70	40	30
Balto-Slavic languages	410,725	188,695	222,025	18,460	8,490	9,970
Baltic languages	9,080	3,785	5,295	175	85	90
Latvian	3,910	1,650	2,260	100	45	50
Lithuanian	5,175	2,135	3,035	75	40	35
Slavic languages	401,645	184,915	216,730	18,285	8,400	9,885
Belarusan	515	230	280	0	0	0
Bosnian	6,370	3,125	3,245	225	110	120
Bulgarian	9,095	4,355	4,740	65	35	30
Croatian	31,875	15,460	16,410	455	240	220
Czech	10,670	4,930	5,740	235	115	125
Macedonian	15,635	7,470	8,165	55	30	30
Polish	121,075	54,675	66,405	1,865	850	1,015
Russian	101,100	45,630	55,470	3,045	1,460	1,580
Serbian	41,740	20,585	21,150	465	235	225
Serbo-Croatian	4,875	2,310	2,570	120	60	65
Slovak	10,280	4,710	5,565	115	60	55
Slovene (Slovenian)	6,740	2,995	3,745	80	40	45
Ukrainian	40,375	17,760	22,610	11,270	5,035	6,230
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	1,310	670	635	290	145	145
Celtic languages	1,110	505	605	60	30	30
Scottish Gaelic	450	210	240	10	5	5
Welsh	435	180	260	30	10	15
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	225	120	110	25	10	5
Germanic languages	200,640	94,475	106,165	24,455	11,710	12,745
Afrikaans	2,295	1,125	1,170	880	450	430
Danish	4,265	2,010	2,250	255	145	110
Dutch	51,720	24,875	26,840	1,385	685	700
Frisian	1,240	630	620	30	20	10
German	131,525	61,520	70,005	21,320	10,150	11,170
Icelandic	210	100	110	55	20	25
Norwegian	940	405	540	310	140	165
Swedish	2,395	1,040	1,350	150	60	90
Vlaams (Flemish)	2,150	925	1,225	60	25	35
Yiddish	3,735	1,765	1,970	25	10	10
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	170	80	85	5	5	0
Greek	55,415	27,305	28,110	935	490	445
Indo-Iranian languages	707,845	357,350	350,495	22,335	12,065	10,270
Indo-Aryan languages	565,600	285,720	279,875	19,995	10,780	9,210
Bengali	46,810	23,615	23,195	2,795	1,495	1,300
Gujarati	76,675	38,740	37,940	2,510	1,420	1,090
Hindi	58,735	29,805	28,930	1,545	880	665
Kashmiri	345	170	175	20	10	10
Konkani	2,510	1,195	1,315	35	15	10
Marathi	5,490	2,805	2,685	140	80	55
Nepali	7,870	3,915	3,960	770	400	370
Oriya (Odia)	715	380	335	25	10	10
Punjabi (Panjabi)	197,060	100,160	96,895	5,250	2,890	2,360
Sindhi	6,840	3,225	3,615	120	65	55
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10,165	4,925	5,235	270	130	135
Urdu	152,385	76,795	75,595	6,520	3,380	3,135
Iranian languages	139,675	70,270	69,405	2,065	1,130	940
Kurdish	6,665	3,615	3,050	145	80	65
Pashto	10,950	5,630	5,315	555	315	235
Persian (Farsi)	122,070	61,025	61,040	1,370	735	635
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	2,565	1,350	1,215	275	155	120
Italic (Romance) languages	614,525	295,030	319,490	6,470	3,225	3,250
Catalan	285	150	135	5	0	0
Italian	231,040	112,440	118,600	705	365	340
Portuguese	150,000	72,280	77,715	615	265	350
Romanian	41,755	19,565	22,190	850	425	430
Spanish	191,025	90,390	100,630	4,290	2,165	2,125
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	420	200	215	10	5	5
Japanese	13,260	4,590	8,670	320	100	220
Kartvelian languages	1,200	635	565	5	5	5
Georgian	1,200	635	565	5	0	5
Korean	69,775	32,035	37,740	1,670	800	865
Mongolic languages	405	180	220	40	20	25
Mongolian	405	180	225	40	20	25
Niger-Congo languages	35,760	16,705	19,050	2,310	1,235	1,075
Akan (Twi)	9,695	4,510	5,190	190	115	75
Bamanankan	140	60	80	0	0	5
Edo	1,140	475	670	35	20	15
Ewe	560	270	295	50	30	20
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	365	180	185	25	15	5
Ga	600	275	325	20	15	5
Ganda	760	360	400	35	15	20
Igbo	2,090	1,080	1,010	215	125	90
Lingala	850	365	485	30	20	15
Rundi (Kirundi)	1,430	640	785	145	85	65
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	1,330	545	785	115	55	60
Shona	1,455	660	790	90	55	40
Swahili	5,525	2,540	2,985	425	220	205
Wolof	290	145	150	20	10	10
Yoruba	4,365	2,260	2,105	465	240	220
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5,155	2,345	2,810	430	220	215
Nilo-Saharan languages	1,610	810	800	335	195	140
Dinka	345	170	175	115	70	45
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	1,260	635	625	220	120	100
Sign languages	3,030	1,570	1,455	200	100	100
American Sign Language	1,305	640	670	65	35	35
Quebec Sign Language	20	10	15	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	1,700	925	780	135	70	65
Sino-Tibetan languages	611,795	284,865	326,935	13,500	6,700	6,795
Chinese languages	602,610	280,340	322,270	12,460	6,165	6,290
Cantonese	275,315	128,090	147,220	3,775	1,830	1,950
Hakka	6,985	3,140	3,840	35	20	15
Mandarin	283,735	132,275	151,460	7,230	3,600	3,630
Min Dong	855	405	450	5	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	13,545	6,240	7,300	210	110	100
Wu (Shanghainese)	6,300	2,825	3,470	60	35	25
Chinese, n.o.s.	15,645	7,235	8,410	1,135	570	565
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	240	120	120	5	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	9,185	4,520	4,660	1,040	530	505
Burmese	1,640	775	865	180	115	65
Karenic languages	1,730	865	860	810	395	415
Tibetan	5,115	2,530	2,585	15	5	10
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	700	345	350	35	20	20
Tai-Kadai languages	8,485	3,535	4,945	525	235	290
Lao	5,190	2,480	2,710	345	175	170
Thai	3,270	1,045	2,220	180	55	125
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	25	10	15	0	0	0
Turkic languages	22,615	11,745	10,870	360	185	175
Azerbaijani	1,990	1,070	920	25	10	10
Turkish	18,415	9,610	8,810	290	155	130
Uyghur	515	255	260	5	0	5
Uzbek	1,055	515	545	30	5	15
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	640	295	345	15	10	10
Uralic languages	50,670	23,095	27,570	1,555	735	820
Estonian	4,205	1,810	2,400	20	10	10
Finnish	9,720	4,140	5,580	205	85	120
Hungarian	36,740	17,150	19,590	1,330	650	685
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	1,475	780	690	100	55	45
Multiple responses	365,910	176,250	189,660	18,560	8,955	9,605
English and French	54,045	25,165	28,880	2,045	985	1,060
English and non-official language	288,285	140,345	147,940	15,925	7,675	8,245
French and non-official language	12,565	5,735	6,830	315	150	165
English, French and non-official language	11,010	5,000	6,005	280	145	135
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	13,312,865	6,503,875	6,808,990	1,083,240	539,100	544,130
Single responses	12,522,045	6,123,955	6,398,085	1,049,130	522,390	526,740
Official languages	10,605,725	5,214,425	5,391,300	968,625	481,845	486,780
English	10,328,680	5,084,885	5,243,800	964,640	479,915	484,730
French	277,045	129,540	147,500	3,985	1,930	2,050
Non-official languages	1,916,315	909,530	1,006,780	80,505	40,540	39,960
Aboriginal languages	9,210	4,600	4,610	16,605	8,355	8,245
Algonquian languages	8,685	4,370	4,320	10,145	5,185	4,960
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	2,370	1,205	1,165	10,000	5,105	4,895
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	5	5	5	0	0	0
Moose Cree	10	10	5	0	0	0
Naskapi	10	5	5	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	20	10	15	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	1,195	580	610
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	105	50	55	95	40	55
Woods Cree	5	5	0	180	100	85
Cree, n.o.s.	2,220	1,135	1,085	8,525	4,380	4,145
Eastern Algonquian languages	5	5	5	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	5	5	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	6,305	3,155	3,145	140	75	65
Algonquin	5	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	3,315	1,695	1,620	145	80	70
Oji-Cree	2,905	1,420	1,490	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	75	40	35	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	20	10	10	6,360	3,130	3,235
Northern Athabaskan languages	15	10	10	6,365	3,130	3,230
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	5	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	5	0	5	6,360	3,130	3,230
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	5	0	0	0
Gwich'in	5	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	5	5	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	160	60	90	5	0	5
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	5	0	0	0
Inuktitut	140	60	80	5	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	5	0	0
Iroquoian languages	210	90	120	0	0	0
Cayuga	5	5	5	0	0	0
Mohawk	185	80	100	0	0	0
Oneida	20	5	10	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	5	5	0	45	20	25
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	5	0	5	50	25	20
Dakota	5	5	0	35	15	10
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	15	5	10
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	120	55	65	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	1,907,105	904,930	1,002,170	63,905	32,185	31,720
Afro-Asiatic languages	138,460	66,865	71,590	4,625	2,340	2,290
Berber languages	345	175	170	0	0	0
Kabyle	255	125	130	5	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	90	50	45	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	14,460	6,100	8,360	720	335	380
Bilen	170	80	85	30	15	15
Oromo	805	380	425	140	75	70
Somali	13,370	5,590	7,780	530	245	290
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	110	50	65	15	5	5
Semitic languages	123,410	60,475	62,940	3,900	1,995	1,905
Amharic	5,625	2,540	3,085	150	75	70
Arabic	94,195	46,505	47,695	2,890	1,500	1,390
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	9,515	4,595	4,920	225	105	120
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	2,915	1,410	1,500	115	60	55
Harari	555	250	305	0	0	0
Hebrew	4,850	2,505	2,345	25	10	15
Maltese	1,090	505	580	0	0	0
Tigrigna	3,920	1,805	2,115	430	205	220
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	755	360	395	70	40	30
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	245	115	125	5	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	50,245	23,105	27,140	1,740	850	895
Khmer (Cambodian)	3,770	1,650	2,120	40	20	25
Vietnamese	46,435	21,435	25,000	1,700	830	865
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	40	20	20	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	85,370	36,525	48,845	12,515	6,210	6,300
Bikol	90	35	55	15	5	10
Cebuano	2,325	1,020	1,315	580	280	295
Fijian	15	10	10	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	910	385	530	110	60	50
Ilocano	4,100	1,780	2,320	240	115	120
Malagasy	35	15	20	0	0	0
Malay	1,810	860	945	35	20	15
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	445	200	250	70	35	35
Pangasinan	90	40	50	10	5	5
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	75,070	31,965	43,105	11,345	5,630	5,715
Waray-Waray	90	35	55	15	5	5
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	380	175	200	95	50	45
Creole languages	5,325	2,355	2,970	95	35	65
Haitian Creole	355	165	190	0	0	5
Creole, n.o.s.	3,995	1,735	2,255	65	25	40
Creole languages, n.i.e.	975	455	520	35	10	20
Dravidian languages	96,250	46,575	49,680	845	440	410
Kannada	1,060	540	520	20	10	10
Malayalam	8,760	4,460	4,295	525	265	260
Tamil	80,600	38,460	42,140	155	90	65
Telugu	5,705	3,050	2,655	145	75	70
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	125	55	70	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	200	95	105	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	978,300	469,640	508,670	31,235	15,915	15,325
Albanian	9,190	4,580	4,605	205	100	100
Armenian	8,630	4,065	4,560	45	25	20
Balto-Slavic languages	192,945	90,585	102,365	5,170	2,560	2,610
Baltic languages	2,305	950	1,355	80	35	45
Latvian	860	350	515	40	20	20
Lithuanian	1,440	600	840	40	15	25
Slavic languages	190,645	89,635	101,005	5,090	2,525	2,560
Belarusan	175	80	90	0	0	0
Bosnian	3,220	1,595	1,620	85	45	40
Bulgarian	4,830	2,350	2,480	35	20	15
Croatian	11,125	5,275	5,855	170	85	85
Czech	3,070	1,480	1,595	30	20	15
Macedonian	6,255	2,965	3,285	35	15	15
Polish	52,555	24,510	28,045	480	220	255
Russian	63,570	29,655	33,920	1,725	875	840
Serbian	23,175	11,335	11,840	270	140	130
Serbo-Croatian	1,925	920	1,010	45	20	25
Slovak	3,520	1,680	1,845	30	15	15
Slovene (Slovenian)	1,465	645	815	5	5	0
Ukrainian	15,415	6,995	8,420	2,010	985	1,025
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	355	160	190	170	80	90
Celtic languages	120	65	55	10	5	5
Scottish Gaelic	60	30	25	5	0	5
Welsh	30	10	15	5	0	5
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	35	20	15	0	5	0
Germanic languages	44,515	21,630	22,880	8,110	3,990	4,120
Afrikaans	755	365	390	530	275	250
Danish	280	135	150	10	5	0
Dutch	4,450	2,145	2,305	200	110	95
Frisian	90	45	45	5	0	0
German	37,255	18,140	19,120	7,290	3,565	3,725
Icelandic	45	20	30	0	0	0
Norwegian	70	30	40	10	5	10
Swedish	385	190	190	10	5	10
Vlaams (Flemish)	145	60	85	0	0	5
Yiddish	370	190	185	5	0	5
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	655	315	340	45	25	20
Greek	21,700	10,160	11,535	395	190	205
Indo-Iranian languages	435,835	215,755	220,080	14,385	7,560	6,825
Indo-Aryan languages	344,050	171,125	172,920	12,960	6,820	6,140
Bengali	29,590	14,595	14,995	1,915	980	930
Gujarati	45,445	22,410	23,035	1,585	865	720
Hindi	28,960	14,485	14,475	880	490	390
Kashmiri	65	30	35	5	0	0
Konkani	540	260	280	10	5	5
Marathi	2,420	1,230	1,190	55	30	30
Nepali	5,640	2,815	2,820	570	290	275
Oriya (Odia)	325	160	165	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	132,135	66,410	65,725	3,485	1,885	1,605
Sindhi	2,880	1,320	1,560	55	25	25
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	4,595	2,250	2,345	140	70	70
Urdu	91,450	45,160	46,295	4,265	2,180	2,080
Iranian languages	90,730	44,090	46,640	1,280	660	615
Kurdish	3,675	1,900	1,770	65	40	30
Pashto	6,750	3,360	3,395	345	185	160
Persian (Farsi)	80,305	38,830	41,475	865	435	430
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	1,050	540	515	150	80	65
Italic (Romance) languages	265,375	122,790	142,585	2,920	1,480	1,435
Catalan	135	60	75	0	0	0
Italian	72,960	31,195	41,770	155	80	75
Portuguese	67,415	32,065	35,355	220	100	115
Romanian	19,920	9,380	10,535	315	165	150
Spanish	104,820	50,035	54,785	2,220	1,130	1,085
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	110	50	60	10	0	5
Japanese	6,040	2,590	3,450	120	45	75
Kartvelian languages	770	420	355	0	0	0
Georgian	775	420	355	0	0	0
Korean	48,540	22,685	25,855	1,180	590	595
Mongolic languages	225	115	110	25	10	10
Mongolian	230	120	110	25	10	10
Niger-Congo languages	12,120	5,400	6,725	735	350	380
Akan (Twi)	4,415	1,915	2,495	55	30	25
Bamanankan	25	15	15	0	0	0
Edo	305	120	180	10	0	5
Ewe	135	60	80	5	5	5
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	110	55	55	20	10	10
Ga	175	80	100	0	0	0
Ganda	195	85	110	10	5	5
Igbo	540	265	275	40	15	20
Lingala	225	100	130	15	10	10
Rundi (Kirundi)	475	230	240	85	45	40
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	420	160	260	35	15	25
Shona	455	210	245	35	25	15
Swahili	2,085	925	1,160	200	90	110
Wolof	130	65	65	0	5	0
Yoruba	1,300	625	675	115	55	55
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	1,120	500	625	100	45	55
Nilo-Saharan languages	550	260	290	135	65	70
Dinka	120	60	65	65	30	30
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	425	195	225	70	35	40
Sign languages	4,425	2,485	1,940	285	175	105
American Sign Language	1,605	830	770	50	30	20
Quebec Sign Language	25	15	15	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	2,795	1,640	1,150	230	150	85
Sino-Tibetan languages	448,200	210,560	237,640	9,700	4,835	4,865
Chinese languages	441,615	207,305	234,310	8,925	4,450	4,475
Cantonese	198,745	91,545	107,200	2,400	1,140	1,265
Hakka	2,870	1,305	1,575	5	0	0
Mandarin	220,535	105,360	115,175	5,645	2,865	2,780
Min Dong	265	115	145	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5,775	2,635	3,140	80	45	35
Wu (Shanghainese)	3,690	1,735	1,955	30	15	15
Chinese, n.o.s.	9,630	4,565	5,070	760	385	380
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	100	45	55	0	0	5
Tibeto-Burman languages	6,580	3,250	3,330	775	380	395
Burmese	1,010	480	530	115	65	55
Karenic languages	1,360	685	675	640	310	335
Tibetan	3,875	1,925	1,945	10	0	5
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	335	165	170	5	5	5
Tai-Kadai languages	3,865	1,845	2,020	190	85	105
Lao	2,535	1,220	1,315	125	60	60
Thai	1,315	615	695	70	25	45
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	10	5	10	0	0	0
Turkic languages	12,435	6,200	6,230	195	100	95
Azerbaijani	770	385	380	5	5	5
Turkish	10,545	5,245	5,300	170	90	85
Uyghur	290	150	140	0	0	0
Uzbek	585	290	295	10	5	10
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	250	130	120	5	0	5
Uralic languages	15,330	6,990	8,340	240	125	120
Estonian	790	290	500	10	0	5
Finnish	1,835	780	1,050	15	10	5
Hungarian	12,700	5,915	6,790	215	110	105
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	465	245	225	45	25	20
Multiple responses	790,825	379,925	410,905	34,110	16,720	17,395
English and French	45,655	20,895	24,755	1,210	575	635
English and non-official language	719,595	347,730	371,865	32,250	15,810	16,435
French and non-official language	6,725	2,930	3,795	150	85	70
English, French and non-official language	18,855	8,365	10,490	495	250	250
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	13,312,865	6,503,875	6,808,990	1,083,235	539,100	544,130
None	11,071,665	5,436,665	5,635,000	983,935	490,490	493,450
English	896,170	437,015	459,155	41,920	21,045	20,875
French	243,970	108,390	135,580	9,340	4,085	5,255
Non-official language	1,056,960	501,315	555,645	46,495	22,705	23,785
Aboriginal	14,315	6,580	7,735	13,490	6,445	7,050
Non-Aboriginal	1,042,645	494,735	547,910	33,005	16,265	16,740
English and French	8,150	3,755	4,395	170	85	85
English and non-official language	19,105	9,370	9,735	860	440	420
French and non-official language	16,435	7,165	9,270	495	245	255
English, French and non-official language	415	205	215	20	5	10
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	11,038,440	5,342,850	5,695,590	857,270	424,245	433,025
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	10,556,935	5,115,460	5,441,475	822,620	407,715	414,905
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	33,539	39,889	28,676	38,299	46,117	31,978
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	10,559,805	5,115,825	5,443,975	822,745	407,730	415,015
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	30,641	35,753	26,585	34,570	40,492	29,564
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	9,391,800	4,650,130	4,741,675	750,515	378,290	372,225
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	32,871	39,831	27,012	36,883	45,587	29,314
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	7,632,575	3,402,810	4,229,770	550,165	236,760	313,405
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	4,206	2,034	5,463	5,340	4,200	5,870
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	7,790,680	3,998,335	3,792,350	636,955	331,975	304,970
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	33,946	39,490	29,413	36,612	44,551	30,027
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	11,038,440	5,342,755	5,695,685	857,300	424,265	433,030
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	10,556,925	5,114,340	5,442,580	822,545	407,840	414,705
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	47,915	56,780	39,585	49,409	58,791	40,184
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	10,559,935	5,114,725	5,445,210	822,655	407,855	414,800
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	39,318	45,443	33,564	40,933	47,453	34,523
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	9,391,645	4,649,230	4,742,415	750,475	378,445	372,035
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	47,890	57,511	38,459	48,491	58,779	38,026
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	7,632,220	3,402,745	4,229,475	549,500	236,590	312,910
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,346	6,763	7,815	7,734	7,322	8,045
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	7,790,680	3,995,700	3,794,985	636,950	331,745	305,205
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	47,369	55,263	39,057	46,853	55,728	37,207
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	11,038,440	5,342,755	5,695,685	857,295	424,260	433,030
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	3,737,385	2,082,480	1,654,900	302,780	173,250	129,525
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	55,121	60,345	49,713	55,368	62,070	48,579
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	68,628	76,536	58,676	64,855	72,366	54,808
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	88.9	92.1	84.7	89.5	92.8	84.8
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	72.9	76.0	68.7	73.2	76.8	68.0
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	11.1	7.9	15.3	10.5	7.2	15.2
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	11,038,440	5,342,850	5,695,590	857,270	424,245	433,025
Without total income	481,500	227,390	254,115	34,645	16,530	18,120
With total income	10,556,940	5,115,460	5,441,475	822,620	407,715	414,905
Percentage with total income	95.6	95.7	95.5	96.0	96.1	95.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,615,790	711,105	904,685	105,780	47,325	58,455
$10,000 to $19,999	1,829,355	742,710	1,086,645	118,380	46,195	72,180
$20,000 to $29,999	1,410,760	589,975	820,785	107,890	42,345	65,545
$30,000 to $39,999	1,147,510	519,550	627,955	95,605	41,315	54,295
$40,000 to $49,999	1,021,880	489,595	532,285	89,285	42,260	47,025
$50,000 to $59,999	809,115	415,950	393,165	70,395	36,950	33,450
$60,000 to $69,999	630,635	348,525	282,110	53,855	31,055	22,795
$70,000 to $79,999	479,890	277,725	202,165	41,930	25,290	16,645
$80,000 to $89,999	378,185	222,095	156,095	34,305	20,750	13,560
$90,000 to $99,999	324,810	181,815	142,995	26,165	16,100	10,060
$100,000 and over	909,005	616,420	292,585	79,030	58,125	20,905
$100,000 to $149,999	600,995	394,410	206,590	56,160	40,025	16,140
$150,000 and over	308,010	222,010	86,000	22,870	18,100	4,770
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	11,038,440	5,342,850	5,695,590	857,270	424,245	433,025
Without after-tax income	478,635	227,025	251,610	34,520	16,515	18,010
With after-tax income	10,559,805	5,115,825	5,443,980	822,745	407,730	415,015
Percentage with after-tax income	95.7	95.8	95.6	96.0	96.1	95.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,659,280	722,040	937,235	108,310	48,150	60,160
$10,000 to $19,999	1,906,875	777,330	1,129,540	123,690	48,420	75,275
$20,000 to $29,999	1,623,230	690,290	932,940	125,285	50,160	75,125
$30,000 to $39,999	1,377,100	642,645	734,450	119,460	54,365	65,100
$40,000 to $49,999	1,166,040	585,490	580,555	103,250	52,900	50,350
$50,000 to $59,999	845,305	464,610	380,700	73,855	42,315	31,540
$60,000 to $69,999	604,005	354,015	249,985	53,925	32,645	21,280
$70,000 to $79,999	465,485	268,140	197,345	38,615	23,385	15,235
$80,000 and over	912,490	611,260	301,230	76,345	55,395	20,950
$80,000 to $89,999	299,315	183,410	115,905	24,935	16,370	8,560
$90,000 to $99,999	174,110	116,330	57,785	16,260	11,815	4,445
$100,000 and over	439,070	311,525	127,540	35,155	27,210	7,945
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	11,038,440	5,342,850	5,695,590	857,270	424,245	433,025
Without employment income	3,247,760	1,344,515	1,903,245	220,320	92,270	128,055
With employment income	7,790,680	3,998,335	3,792,350	636,950	331,980	304,970
Percentage with employment income	70.6	74.8	66.6	74.3	78.3	70.4
Under $5,000 (including loss)	1,094,860	546,920	547,940	82,210	38,805	43,410
$5,000 to $9,999	635,305	281,135	354,165	46,620	20,310	26,310
$10,000 to $19,999	1,027,910	464,445	563,465	77,480	33,900	43,575
$20,000 to $29,999	827,805	372,185	455,625	68,175	29,285	38,885
$30,000 to $39,999	767,840	351,925	415,910	66,120	29,825	36,295
$40,000 to $49,999	709,775	341,320	368,450	61,800	29,930	31,870
$50,000 to $59,999	588,220	310,155	278,065	51,075	27,565	23,510
$60,000 to $69,999	465,670	263,430	202,240	39,805	23,605	16,195
$70,000 to $79,999	369,085	218,570	150,515	32,265	20,015	12,255
$80,000 and over	1,304,210	848,245	455,970	111,405	78,745	32,665
$80,000 to $89,999	307,660	182,660	125,005	28,240	17,220	11,020
$90,000 to $99,999	280,530	156,440	124,090	21,415	13,645	7,770
$100,000 and over	716,015	509,140	206,875	61,750	47,885	13,870
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	5,169,175	...	...	432,625	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	74,287	...	...	75,412	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	65,285	...	...	65,784	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	1,341,300	...	...	121,175	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	36,900	...	...	38,188	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	33,219	...	...	34,099	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	3,827,875	...	...	311,450	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	90,967	...	...	94,530	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	79,528	...	...	81,696	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	5,169,175	...	...	432,620	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	97,856	...	...	93,942	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	80,322	...	...	77,837	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	1,341,115	...	...	121,040	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	49,571	...	...	48,880	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	40,830	...	...	40,555	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	3,828,060	...	...	311,580	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	114,773	...	...	111,447	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	94,157	...	...	92,320	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	5,169,175	...	...	432,625	...	...
Under $5,000	86,720	...	...	6,930	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	70,245	...	...	4,575	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	134,395	...	...	7,675	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	185,245	...	...	18,025	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	200,770	...	...	18,845	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	189,450	...	...	14,875	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	202,580	...	...	17,700	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	207,180	...	...	17,410	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	206,605	...	...	17,345	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	202,015	...	...	16,525	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	388,820	...	...	31,595	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	363,580	...	...	29,700	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	335,770	...	...	27,605	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	309,105	...	...	25,810	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	282,740	...	...	23,280	...	...
$100,000 and over	1,803,955	...	...	154,720	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	560,090	...	...	48,375	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	394,570	...	...	35,320	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	449,885	...	...	40,875	...	...
$200,000 and over	399,410	...	...	30,160	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	5,169,175	...	...	432,625	...	...
Under $5,000	92,220	...	...	7,355	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	71,480	...	...	4,680	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	136,550	...	...	7,860	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	192,920	...	...	18,625	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	222,605	...	...	20,275	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	211,440	...	...	17,325	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	232,755	...	...	20,700	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	244,335	...	...	20,990	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	247,645	...	...	20,395	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	241,965	...	...	19,790	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	463,170	...	...	37,680	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	422,695	...	...	35,255	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	388,720	...	...	32,575	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	342,330	...	...	28,995	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	290,720	...	...	25,545	...	...
$100,000 and over	1,367,630	...	...	114,570	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	539,915	...	...	47,890	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	334,420	...	...	29,680	...	...
$150,000 and over	493,295	...	...	36,995	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	3,689,580	...	...	299,345	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	91,089	...	...	93,747	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	79,531	...	...	81,065	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.1	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	1,280,890	...	...	122,845	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	81,459	...	...	87,865	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	71,237	...	...	75,765	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	1,716,115	...	...	124,285	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	115,381	...	...	119,530	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	99,205	...	...	101,656	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	4.1	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	584,180	...	...	44,110	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	54,363	...	...	50,749	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	50,317	...	...	47,776	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	3,689,080	...	...	299,455	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	115,328	...	...	111,031	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	94,410	...	...	91,825	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	1,280,580	...	...	123,045	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	104,425	...	...	104,889	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	84,952	...	...	86,074	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	1,717,295	...	...	124,275	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	140,590	...	...	135,718	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	114,144	...	...	111,601	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	581,945	...	...	44,125	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	67,748	...	...	62,208	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	58,742	...	...	54,678	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	1,818,815	867,175	951,640	161,805	82,400	79,405
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	32,097	33,925	30,753	35,875	40,000	32,247
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	29,417	30,678	28,442	32,415	35,306	29,777
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	1,814,575	864,020	950,555	161,560	82,510	79,050
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	44,298	46,765	42,057	45,756	49,739	41,598
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	36,874	38,228	35,644	38,229	40,766	35,581
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	13,242,160	6,472,205	6,769,955	1,070,555	533,385	537,175
In the bottom half of the distribution	6,335,170	3,016,275	3,318,895	506,055	243,040	263,010
In the bottom decile	1,346,645	651,310	695,335	111,770	55,530	56,245
In the second decile	1,280,675	581,380	699,290	104,900	46,610	58,285
In the third decile	1,237,415	583,840	653,575	94,035	44,535	49,500
In the fourth decile	1,223,510	589,740	633,770	96,045	47,015	49,030
In the fifth decile	1,246,925	610,000	636,930	99,300	49,350	49,950
In the top half of the distribution	6,906,990	3,455,930	3,451,060	564,505	290,345	274,160
In the sixth decile	1,279,095	629,635	649,465	104,200	52,705	51,495
In the seventh decile	1,321,220	655,840	665,375	109,400	55,670	53,725
In the eighth decile	1,382,795	691,630	691,165	115,215	59,255	55,965
In the ninth decile	1,464,415	736,030	728,385	121,965	62,875	59,085
In the top decile	1,459,465	742,795	716,670	113,730	59,840	53,885
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	13,184,055	6,442,930	6,741,130	1,014,605	505,225	509,380
0 to 17 years	2,656,535	1,361,905	1,294,630	230,205	117,925	112,275
0 to 5 years	835,000	428,025	406,975	79,345	40,700	38,645
18 to 64 years	8,418,960	4,110,615	4,308,345	631,280	316,125	315,155
65 years and over	2,108,560	970,405	1,138,155	153,120	71,180	81,950
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	1,898,975	886,530	1,012,445	130,220	60,375	69,845
0 to 17 years	489,905	251,830	238,080	41,010	20,960	20,050
0 to 5 years	165,140	84,825	80,310	15,420	7,850	7,575
18 to 64 years	1,155,315	538,535	616,780	67,080	31,315	35,765
65 years and over	253,755	96,170	157,585	22,130	8,100	14,025
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	14.4	13.8	15.0	12.8	12.0	13.7
0 to 17 years (%)	18.4	18.5	18.4	17.8	17.8	17.9
0 to 5 years (%)	19.8	19.8	19.7	19.4	19.3	19.6
18 to 64 years (%)	13.7	13.1	14.3	10.6	9.9	11.3
65 years and over (%)	12.0	9.9	13.8	14.5	11.4	17.1
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	1,298,590	627,935	670,650	59,440	29,890	29,545
0 to 17 years	304,390	156,575	147,815	17,870	9,140	8,735
0 to 5 years	102,750	52,810	49,935	7,005	3,540	3,465
18 to 64 years	887,640	430,545	457,095	38,775	19,470	19,305
65 years and over	106,555	40,815	65,740	2,795	1,280	1,510
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	9.8	9.7	9.9	5.9	5.9	5.8
0 to 17 years (%)	11.5	11.5	11.4	7.8	7.8	7.8
0 to 5 years (%)	12.3	12.3	12.3	8.8	8.7	9.0
18 to 64 years (%)	10.5	10.5	10.6	6.1	6.2	6.1
65 years and over (%)	5.1	4.2	5.8	1.8	1.8	1.8
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	13,242,160	6,472,240	6,769,925	1,070,560	533,385	537,175
Official languages	12,918,075	6,342,930	6,575,145	1,062,885	529,920	532,965
English	12,879,045	6,326,225	6,552,825	1,062,275	529,630	532,645
French	1,521,020	677,505	843,510	51,325	23,600	27,725
Non-official languages	4,431,270	2,115,510	2,315,760	187,450	91,805	95,645
Aboriginal languages	33,855	15,815	18,035	38,110	18,390	19,720
Algonquian languages	30,630	14,505	16,125	28,270	13,675	14,590
Blackfoot	15	15	0	10	10	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	6,560	3,160	3,395	27,065	13,115	13,950
Atikamekw	10	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	10	0	10	0	0	0
Moose Cree	145	70	75	0	0	0
Naskapi	25	10	10	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	65	25	45	40	30	15
Plains Cree	105	50	50	3,665	1,770	1,900
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	605	255	350	470	185	285
Woods Cree	45	25	25	1,260	570	695
Cree, n.o.s.	5,620	2,760	2,865	21,870	10,695	11,175
Eastern Algonquian languages	180	95	85	0	0	0
Malecite	20	20	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	160	75	85	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	23,980	11,285	12,690	1,310	620	695
Algonquin	205	95	105	0	0	0
Ojibway	16,220	7,600	8,630	1,300	610	690
Oji-Cree	7,515	3,585	3,935	10	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	200	105	100	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	85	40	50	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	85	25	65	9,120	4,350	4,770
Northern Athabaskan languages	80	25	55	9,105	4,345	4,760
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	10	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	10	0	10	0	0	0
Chilcotin	10	0	10	0	0	0
Dene	45	20	30	9,105	4,350	4,755
Dogrib (Tlicho)	10	0	10	0	0	0
Gwich'in	10	0	10	10	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	10	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Haida	0	0	0	10	0	10
Inuit languages	840	320	525	10	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	10	0	10	0	0	0
Inuktitut	730	285	445	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	105	35	70	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	1,940	810	1,125	10	10	10
Cayuga	120	35	85	0	0	0
Mohawk	1,625	710	915	10	0	10
Oneida	180	55	125	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	50	25	25	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	180	65	110	505	240	260
Salish languages	10	0	10	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	10	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0	0	0
Siouan languages	40	10	30	510	255	250
Dakota	20	10	10	415	205	210
Stoney	0	0	0	10	10	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	20	0	15	90	50	45
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	10	0	10	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	10	0	10	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	10	10	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	10	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	10	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	210	100	110	30	15	20
Non-Aboriginal languages	4,397,690	2,099,820	2,297,865	149,475	73,470	76,000
Afro-Asiatic languages	362,645	183,050	179,595	8,595	4,585	4,015
Berber languages	925	505	415	40	35	0
Kabyle	530	280	255	10	10	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	390	225	165	30	25	0
Cushitic languages	34,160	15,155	19,000	1,305	620	690
Bilen	355	200	160	85	40	45
Oromo	2,075	905	1,175	160	70	90
Somali	31,535	13,925	17,610	1,090	520	570
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	370	170	205	0	0	0
Semitic languages	330,315	168,750	161,570	7,500	4,075	3,425
Amharic	16,010	7,565	8,445	545	255	290
Arabic	246,015	127,015	119,000	5,605	3,165	2,435
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	17,825	8,775	9,050	505	240	265
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	6,185	3,045	3,140	195	95	100
Harari	1,310	660	645	0	0	0
Hebrew	43,255	22,165	21,090	470	245	230
Maltese	7,020	3,455	3,570	0	0	0
Tigrigna	9,385	4,320	5,065	705	350	355
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	1,985	1,010	975	245	120	125
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	1,125	535	590	70	35	30
Austro-Asiatic languages	99,830	46,210	53,620	3,315	1,685	1,635
Khmer (Cambodian)	10,045	4,490	5,550	210	105	105
Vietnamese	90,265	41,965	48,300	3,105	1,580	1,525
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	60	10	50	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	249,435	98,295	151,150	29,705	14,065	15,640
Bikol	755	340	425	90	30	55
Cebuano	9,475	3,650	5,830	2,115	945	1,170
Fijian	110	40	65	20	10	10
Hiligaynon	3,110	1,205	1,910	285	130	150
Ilocano	15,235	5,940	9,295	785	365	415
Malagasy	215	115	100	10	0	0
Malay	9,780	4,500	5,280	215	95	115
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	1,935	855	1,080	265	130	135
Pangasinan	565	245	320	45	25	20
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	232,935	91,110	141,820	28,655	13,575	15,080
Waray-Waray	410	125	285	35	25	10
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	1,785	755	1,030	300	145	155
Creole languages	30,260	13,525	16,735	495	230	270
Haitian Creole	1,430	605	830	10	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	19,375	8,480	10,895	240	95	145
Creole languages, n.i.e.	9,685	4,525	5,155	250	125	120
Dravidian languages	196,315	97,975	98,335	2,190	1,205	980
Kannada	5,775	2,930	2,845	115	65	55
Malayalam	22,880	11,535	11,345	1,170	625	540
Tamil	157,700	77,975	79,730	635	345	290
Telugu	16,315	8,925	7,390	435	270	165
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	495	250	240	15	0	15
Hmong-Mien languages	545	265	280	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	2,608,060	1,265,535	1,342,525	81,985	40,685	41,300
Albanian	22,375	11,180	11,195	560	275	285
Armenian	18,435	8,860	9,575	115	65	45
Balto-Slavic languages	473,565	221,450	252,120	20,395	9,470	10,925
Baltic languages	10,545	4,495	6,050	225	120	110
Latvian	4,675	2,070	2,610	135	60	70
Lithuanian	5,875	2,430	3,445	95	60	35
Slavic languages	465,170	217,885	247,285	20,265	9,400	10,860
Belarusan	1,360	680	680	20	0	15
Bosnian	9,915	4,905	5,010	325	155	165
Bulgarian	10,410	5,060	5,350	75	40	35
Croatian	46,580	22,880	23,700	605	355	250
Czech	14,045	6,615	7,430	300	155	150
Macedonian	21,505	10,365	11,140	65	35	35
Polish	142,985	65,415	77,575	2,185	1,040	1,145
Russian	138,735	64,355	74,380	5,275	2,585	2,690
Serbian	53,250	26,725	26,525	790	410	385
Serbo-Croatian	5,815	2,845	2,965	80	30	50
Slovak	12,035	5,550	6,490	125	85	40
Slovene (Slovenian)	7,935	3,550	4,390	105	50	50
Ukrainian	54,615	24,125	30,490	13,090	5,770	7,325
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	1,750	935	815	345	205	140
Celtic languages	3,800	1,880	1,920	165	105	65
Scottish Gaelic	1,480	720	765	55	35	25
Welsh	685	300	390	50	30	20
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	1,650	870	785	70	45	20
Germanic languages	274,305	130,610	143,700	21,275	10,435	10,840
Afrikaans	7,360	3,625	3,735	1,455	750	705
Danish	5,440	2,455	2,980	320	195	125
Dutch	63,410	29,875	33,535	1,510	720	790
Frisian	1,655	820	835	25	15	15
German	189,035	90,730	98,305	17,390	8,525	8,870
Icelandic	285	130	155	70	40	30
Norwegian	2,140	975	1,165	415	180	235
Swedish	5,125	2,345	2,785	230	95	130
Vlaams (Flemish)	2,275	1,050	1,225	80	25	50
Yiddish	7,175	3,535	3,640	75	35	30
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	3,290	1,645	1,645	265	135	125
Greek	80,690	40,105	40,590	1,470	725	745
Indo-Iranian languages	915,765	463,175	452,585	27,395	14,650	12,740
Indo-Aryan languages	759,390	384,940	374,450	25,355	13,530	11,825
Bengali	59,685	30,420	29,265	3,520	1,895	1,620
Gujarati	103,890	52,380	51,510	3,320	1,760	1,555
Hindi	250,095	127,765	122,335	8,040	4,480	3,560
Kashmiri	600	300	300	40	25	20
Konkani	5,490	2,515	2,975	40	30	15
Marathi	10,360	5,380	4,980	185	120	70
Nepali	10,245	5,115	5,135	835	435	400
Oriya (Odia)	1,090	515	570	25	15	10
Punjabi (Panjabi)	282,065	145,050	137,015	8,300	4,635	3,665
Sindhi	11,515	5,385	6,130	180	105	75
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	18,555	9,230	9,330	355	205	150
Urdu	231,500	117,305	114,190	9,455	4,815	4,635
Iranian languages	163,490	81,710	81,785	2,285	1,240	1,040
Kurdish	8,795	4,755	4,040	145	90	60
Pashto	15,315	8,145	7,170	555	315	240
Persian (Farsi)	145,465	72,275	73,190	1,630	870	760
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	4,665	2,495	2,175	275	135	140
Italic (Romance) languages	880,330	418,225	462,105	12,660	6,085	6,570
Catalan	515	275	240	0	10	0
Italian	333,645	161,190	172,455	1,360	670	690
Portuguese	193,520	93,885	99,635	885	380	505
Romanian	49,635	23,205	26,430	1,105	525	575
Spanish	337,615	156,040	181,580	9,605	4,635	4,965
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	1,355	745	605	40	30	10
Japanese	25,675	11,535	14,140	1,205	540	665
Kartvelian languages	1,555	775	780	15	0	15
Georgian	1,555	770	785	15	0	10
Korean	79,175	36,930	42,245	1,930	850	1,080
Mongolic languages	515	225	285	55	20	30
Mongolian	515	225	285	60	25	30
Niger-Congo languages	70,570	33,620	36,945	4,125	2,245	1,885
Akan (Twi)	15,950	7,520	8,435	355	185	170
Bamanankan	385	195	185	0	0	10
Edo	2,130	930	1,195	20	0	20
Ewe	880	435	445	100	45	55
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	700	320	375	60	45	15
Ga	1,340	645	695	45	25	15
Ganda	1,225	550	675	20	10	10
Igbo	4,025	2,105	1,920	625	325	300
Lingala	4,885	2,165	2,720	140	70	65
Rundi (Kirundi)	2,555	1,080	1,475	280	150	130
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	2,220	885	1,330	125	65	55
Shona	2,350	1,055	1,300	150	90	55
Swahili	16,750	8,110	8,640	950	570	380
Wolof	730	355	375	40	25	15
Yoruba	10,495	5,345	5,150	965	470	495
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	11,210	5,255	5,950	815	480	335
Nilo-Saharan languages	2,025	1,020	1,010	300	150	145
Dinka	415	220	200	100	65	40
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	1,615	805	810	195	90	105
Sign languages	18,865	7,645	11,220	1,565	585	985
American Sign Language	10,220	3,695	6,525	650	215	435
Quebec Sign Language	235	60	180	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	8,690	4,005	4,680	915	365	545
Sino-Tibetan languages	689,145	324,575	364,565	14,580	7,115	7,470
Chinese languages	679,170	319,635	359,530	13,630	6,625	7,005
Cantonese	341,875	159,280	182,600	4,675	2,245	2,435
Hakka	7,865	3,445	4,420	30	10	20
Mandarin	385,395	179,890	205,510	8,995	4,335	4,660
Min Dong	810	330	480	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	16,980	7,650	9,330	260	125	135
Wu (Shanghainese)	8,305	3,860	4,440	45	20	30
Chinese, n.o.s.	16,455	7,710	8,745	1,245	620	630
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	185	95	90	10	0	10
Tibeto-Burman languages	10,460	5,200	5,260	960	495	460
Burmese	2,215	1,055	1,165	315	185	130
Karenic languages	1,820	905	920	635	310	325
Tibetan	5,695	2,845	2,850	30	15	10
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	1,245	645	605	70	25	40
Tai-Kadai languages	11,120	4,945	6,180	635	245	385
Lao	6,740	3,215	3,520	410	170	240
Thai	5,195	2,065	3,135	275	105	170
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	30	10	20	0	0	0
Turkic languages	33,335	17,310	16,025	640	365	285
Azerbaijani	3,260	1,710	1,550	25	20	10
Turkish	27,850	14,510	13,340	530	310	220
Uyghur	700	350	345	0	0	0
Uzbek	1,405	700	705	60	25	35
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	915	450	465	25	10	15
Uralic languages	58,370	27,060	31,310	1,765	850	915
Estonian	4,785	2,155	2,625	20	15	10
Finnish	11,145	4,865	6,280	360	170	190
Hungarian	42,545	20,070	22,480	1,385	670	715
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	3,675	1,950	1,725	340	210	135
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	13,242,160	6,472,240	6,769,920	1,070,555	533,385	537,175
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	12,223,065	5,987,360	6,235,705	998,035	496,635	501,395
Canadian citizens aged under 18	2,546,075	1,305,820	1,240,255	237,720	121,535	116,185
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	9,676,990	4,681,540	4,995,445	760,310	375,105	385,210
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	1,019,095	484,880	534,215	72,525	36,750	35,780
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	13,242,160	6,472,240	6,769,920	1,070,560	533,385	537,170
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	9,188,815	4,555,270	4,633,545	945,810	470,790	475,025
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	3,852,145	1,814,665	2,037,480	112,490	55,800	56,690
Before 1981	1,077,745	507,500	570,240	16,650	8,190	8,465
1981 to 1990	513,995	246,235	267,755	5,545	2,670	2,875
1991 to 2000	834,510	390,315	444,195	9,315	4,645	4,665
2001 to 2010	953,730	446,895	506,835	33,045	16,410	16,635
2001 to 2005	490,560	230,950	259,610	8,670	4,165	4,505
2006 to 2010	463,170	215,945	247,225	24,370	12,245	12,130
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	472,170	223,715	248,450	47,935	23,880	24,055
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	201,200	102,305	98,895	12,255	6,800	5,455
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	3,852,145	1,814,665	2,037,485	112,495	55,795	56,695
Under 5 years	369,955	184,255	185,705	12,060	6,100	5,965
5 to 14 years	685,085	345,865	339,225	21,295	11,015	10,280
15 to 24 years	855,475	381,025	474,450	19,295	8,990	10,305
25 to 44 years	1,579,500	741,340	838,160	50,945	25,060	25,890
45 years and over	362,130	162,180	199,945	8,895	4,635	4,260
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	3,852,145	1,814,665	2,037,480	112,490	55,800	56,690
Americas	598,950	265,930	333,025	10,765	5,010	5,760
Brazil	14,705	6,700	8,010	185	65	120
Colombia	28,815	13,085	15,730	555	275	280
El Salvador	20,920	10,165	10,750	630	290	340
Guyana	79,745	35,325	44,420	155	75	85
Haiti	10,195	4,410	5,785	65	45	20
Jamaica	119,840	51,320	68,525	815	425	395
Mexico	30,075	13,895	16,185	1,330	665	665
Peru	10,550	4,660	5,895	165	60	100
Trinidad and Tobago	52,810	23,515	29,300	210	105	110
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	109,005	47,170	61,830	4,845	2,045	2,800
Other places of birth in Americas	122,280	55,685	66,600	1,805	955	845
Europe	1,144,295	546,250	598,050	23,640	11,900	11,740
Bosnia and Herzegovina	21,300	10,655	10,645	455	215	245
Croatia	27,330	13,495	13,835	445	280	165
France	13,385	6,310	7,070	215	90	125
Germany	63,460	29,685	33,775	2,575	1,280	1,295
Greece	36,575	18,225	18,350	605	325	280
Hungary	22,085	10,495	11,590	395	215	180
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	15,275	7,415	7,860	845	490	355
Italy	157,815	78,510	79,305	570	305	265
Netherlands	47,400	23,910	23,490	1,220	585	635
Poland	96,000	43,155	52,845	1,395	690	705
Portugal	103,025	50,240	52,785	220	105	120
Romania	42,720	19,720	23,000	695	335	360
Russian Federation	42,980	18,540	24,440	805	345	460
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	23,695	11,610	12,085	585	305	280
Ukraine	39,945	18,150	21,795	3,280	1,630	1,650
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	264,125	125,730	138,390	7,020	3,520	3,505
Other places of birth in Europe	127,190	60,395	66,790	2,320	1,195	1,125
Africa	226,770	109,585	117,185	10,285	5,360	4,925
Algeria	2,925	1,480	1,450	50	35	15
Egypt	34,510	18,000	16,510	435	230	205
Ethiopia	15,570	7,230	8,340	635	285	355
Kenya	14,940	6,910	8,025	425	225	200
Morocco	5,485	2,690	2,795	180	95	80
Nigeria	20,630	10,285	10,345	1,695	845	855
Somalia	16,970	6,845	10,125	635	335	300
South Africa, Republic of	19,390	9,545	9,840	1,775	920	855
Other places of birth in Africa	96,355	46,610	49,745	4,455	2,390	2,065
Asia	1,869,805	886,570	983,240	67,120	33,175	33,945
Afghanistan	33,145	16,490	16,655	515	230	285
Bangladesh	39,410	19,970	19,440	2,575	1,365	1,210
China^{Census data footnote 59}	317,225	143,705	173,515	7,485	3,445	4,035
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	108,030	50,945	57,090	765	370	400
India	360,540	179,950	180,590	9,630	5,190	4,435
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	86,810	43,445	43,360	785	465	325
Iraq	50,390	25,280	25,115	1,175	625	550
Japan	8,145	2,550	5,585	265	65	200
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	57,085	26,660	30,425	1,120	475	645
Lebanon	34,545	18,145	16,405	255	160	90
Pakistan	142,265	71,925	70,345	6,860	3,575	3,280
Philippines	231,760	93,730	138,030	26,860	12,655	14,210
Sri Lanka	109,855	53,640	56,215	440	235	205
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	22,680	11,405	11,270	1,155	610	550
Taiwan	17,840	7,775	10,065	180	80	100
Viet Nam	80,525	36,545	43,985	2,615	1,340	1,280
Other places of birth in Asia	169,555	84,400	85,160	4,425	2,290	2,140
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	12,330	6,330	5,990	675	350	325
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	472,170	223,720	248,450	47,935	23,880	24,055
Americas	60,700	29,005	31,700	2,320	1,090	1,230
Brazil	3,180	1,505	1,675	45	10	35
Colombia	4,520	2,005	2,520	115	55	65
Cuba	1,950	910	1,045	35	20	15
Haiti	2,575	1,140	1,435	10	10	0
Jamaica	8,935	4,840	4,090	405	230	180
Mexico	5,670	2,745	2,925	435	215	225
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	14,635	7,225	7,405	745	330	420
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	2,460	1,120	1,340	35	10	30
Other places of birth in Americas	16,775	7,510	9,265	490	220	270
Europe	45,295	22,250	23,045	4,855	2,405	2,455
France	2,010	1,025	985	50	15	45
Germany	1,695	885	805	190	105	80
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	1,900	1,185	715	525	315	205
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	880	400	480	100	50	50
Romania	2,425	995	1,430	95	35	60
Russian Federation	4,905	1,790	3,115	220	85	135
Ukraine	4,455	2,005	2,445	1,320	550	770
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	7,780	4,515	3,265	855	495	355
Other places of birth in Europe	19,245	9,450	9,795	1,505	755	750
Africa	39,380	19,045	20,330	4,405	2,315	2,085
Algeria	415	180	240	0	0	0
Cameroon	1,390	640	750	70	35	30
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	1,835	845	990	245	145	100
Côte d'Ivoire	605	245	360	15	15	0
Egypt	8,220	4,290	3,935	160	75	85
Eritrea	2,055	1,010	1,045	305	145	160
Ethiopia	2,505	1,115	1,385	190	110	85
Morocco	655	275	375	90	40	45
Nigeria	5,910	2,895	3,015	1,035	525	520
Somalia	2,065	965	1,100	300	170	125
South Africa, Republic of	1,410	715	695	550	285	265
Tunisia	310	155	150	85	45	40
Other places of birth in Africa	12,010	5,715	6,295	1,360	725	635
Asia	324,820	152,205	172,615	36,205	17,980	18,225
Afghanistan	5,785	2,845	2,945	125	45	85
Bangladesh	8,180	4,055	4,125	1,495	780	720
China^{Census data footnote 59}	58,840	26,025	32,815	3,345	1,595	1,750
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	1,985	800	1,190	75	35	40
India	69,325	35,060	34,265	6,150	3,315	2,840
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	21,225	10,300	10,930	330	180	150
Iraq	14,645	7,315	7,330	405	200	205
Israel	2,050	1,085	970	95	55	35
Japan	1,385	370	1,015	40	10	35
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	6,320	2,855	3,470	475	195	280
Lebanon	3,230	1,685	1,545	80	50	30
Nepal	3,395	1,725	1,665	235	145	90
Pakistan	25,435	12,425	13,015	3,460	1,780	1,680
Philippines	53,190	21,740	31,450	16,615	7,905	8,715
Saudi Arabia	3,140	1,615	1,530	125	90	30
Sri Lanka	8,185	3,580	4,605	145	85	60
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	12,710	6,590	6,120	1,105	585	520
Taiwan	1,015	435	580	60	30	30
Turkey	2,590	1,440	1,145	80	45	35
United Arab Emirates	4,290	2,230	2,055	85	55	30
Viet Nam	3,885	1,520	2,365	855	415	445
Other places of birth in Asia	13,995	6,505	7,485	815	395	420
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	1,980	1,215	765	150	90	60
Australia	1,535	965	565	85	55	30
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	445	250	200	65	30	30
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	13,242,160	6,472,240	6,769,920	1,070,560	533,385	537,175
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	4,122,840	1,953,095	2,169,740	127,720	64,125	63,595
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	3,049,835	1,525,300	1,524,540	129,250	62,550	66,705
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	6,069,485	2,993,845	3,075,640	813,580	406,710	406,870
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	2,825,480	1,331,730	1,493,750	96,750	48,140	48,610
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	1,364,380	677,695	686,685	66,930	34,420	32,510
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	540,795	338,460	202,335	26,475	17,690	8,790
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	823,580	339,240	484,350	40,455	16,735	23,725
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	940,405	382,890	557,520	16,835	6,740	10,095
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	482,665	253,750	228,910	12,625	6,810	5,820
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	38,035	17,400	20,640	350	170	185
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	13,242,160	6,472,240	6,769,920	1,070,555	533,385	537,175
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	374,395	179,970	194,420	175,020	84,730	90,290
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	361,125	173,685	187,445	172,810	83,750	89,055
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	236,680	112,840	123,845	114,570	55,275	59,290
Métis	120,585	59,015	61,570	57,880	28,325	29,550
Inuk (Inuit)	3,860	1,835	2,030	360	145	215
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	5,730	2,680	3,045	1,305	605	705
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	7,540	3,615	3,930	905	375	530
Non-Aboriginal identity	12,867,765	6,292,265	6,575,500	895,535	448,655	446,885
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	13,242,160	6,472,240	6,769,925	1,070,555	533,385	537,170
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	170,895	81,560	89,335	110,370	52,930	57,440
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	13,071,265	6,390,680	6,680,585	960,190	480,455	479,735
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	13,242,160	6,472,240	6,769,920	1,070,555	533,385	537,175
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	112,875	54,840	58,035	98,315	47,665	50,650
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	111,575	54,180	57,395	94,565	45,900	48,665
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	97,430	47,130	50,305	84,015	40,960	43,055
Métis single ancestry	12,925	6,490	6,435	10,465	4,905	5,560
Inuit single ancestry	1,220	565	655	85	40	50
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	1,295	665	640	3,750	1,765	1,985
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	1,055	545	510	3,640	1,705	1,935
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	145	70	75	70	30	40
Métis and Inuit ancestries	65	25	40	20	15	10
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	30	20	10	15	15	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	405,425	192,320	213,100	79,035	38,120	40,915
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	395,205	187,695	207,510	72,560	35,130	37,430
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	276,920	130,810	146,110	36,680	17,715	18,960
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	113,785	54,830	58,955	35,545	17,265	18,285
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	4,500	2,050	2,450	335	150	180
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	10,215	4,620	5,590	6,480	2,990	3,485
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	9,305	4,205	5,100	6,355	2,930	3,420
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	595	290	305	80	40	45
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	300	125	170	15	0	10
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	15	0	10	30	15	15
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	12,723,865	6,225,080	6,498,785	893,205	447,595	445,610
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	13,242,160	6,472,240	6,769,920	1,070,560	533,385	537,170
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	3,885,585	1,878,075	2,007,505	115,875	58,810	57,065
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	1,150,415	582,010	568,400	29,960	16,065	13,895
Chinese	754,550	359,230	395,315	15,545	7,545	7,995
Black	627,715	296,270	331,445	14,925	7,845	7,085
Filipino	311,675	132,440	179,230	32,340	15,540	16,795
Latin American	195,950	93,645	102,310	4,195	2,095	2,095
Arab	210,435	109,585	100,850	4,300	2,385	1,915
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	133,855	63,255	70,605	5,745	2,940	2,800
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	154,670	77,385	77,280	2,065	1,100	965
Korean	88,935	42,445	46,495	1,875	795	1,085
Japanese	30,830	13,595	17,235	955	420	530
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	97,970	46,105	51,860	1,150	605	545
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	128,585	62,105	66,485	2,820	1,460	1,355
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	9,356,575	4,594,165	4,762,410	954,685	474,575	480,110
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	13,242,160	6,472,240	6,769,920	1,070,560	533,385	537,170
North American Aboriginal origins	518,300	247,160	271,135	177,355	85,790	91,565
First Nations (North American Indian)	385,505	183,075	202,430	130,880	63,405	67,475
Inuit	6,870	3,150	3,720	650	305	345
Métis	137,485	66,245	71,235	56,090	26,860	29,235
Other North American origins	3,220,595	1,585,255	1,635,340	230,620	115,250	115,370
Acadian	16,580	8,135	8,450	485	270	215
American	140,165	67,480	72,690	13,455	6,410	7,045
Canadian	3,109,770	1,531,645	1,578,125	220,960	110,550	110,410
New Brunswicker	320	190	125	10	10	0
Newfoundlander	10,850	5,520	5,325	130	65	60
Nova Scotian	1,485	685	800	25	10	20
Ontarian	2,165	1,085	1,075	20	20	10
Québécois	5,390	2,730	2,665	240	100	140
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	675	375	300	85	35	55
European origins	8,151,470	3,978,900	4,172,570	759,080	375,755	383,325
British Isles origins	4,900,430	2,380,595	2,519,835	427,735	210,345	217,390
Channel Islander	1,120	530	590	10	0	0
Cornish	755	370	385	35	15	20
English	2,808,805	1,357,650	1,451,160	253,205	123,490	129,715
Irish	2,095,460	991,625	1,103,835	155,725	74,480	81,245
Manx	2,450	1,320	1,130	250	120	130
Scottish	2,107,295	1,016,260	1,091,030	193,330	94,500	98,825
Welsh	198,475	94,555	103,920	17,790	8,510	9,280
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	323,185	152,525	170,660	16,095	7,900	8,190
French origins	1,350,520	643,360	707,160	125,810	60,920	64,890
Alsatian	1,235	495	740	10	10	10
Breton	290	175	120	25	10	15
Corsican	205	125	85	15	0	15
French	1,349,255	642,790	706,470	125,775	60,910	64,870
Western European origins (except French origins)	1,766,975	864,010	902,970	336,715	166,380	170,340
Austrian	72,475	35,415	37,065	17,565	8,670	8,895
Bavarian	450	225	230	50	45	0
Belgian	57,890	28,460	29,430	9,660	4,745	4,915
Dutch	527,750	259,585	268,165	36,230	17,500	18,730
Flemish	4,005	2,005	1,995	805	415	395
Frisian	2,705	1,400	1,305	70	35	35
German	1,189,670	579,315	610,355	296,385	146,600	149,780
Luxembourger	915	500	415	500	275	225
Swiss	59,835	29,395	30,440	4,710	2,370	2,340
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	1,095	560	530	35	25	15
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	266,085	127,885	138,195	115,995	56,380	59,615
Danish	53,555	26,355	27,195	11,530	5,605	5,935
Finnish	76,755	36,955	39,800	5,400	2,585	2,815
Icelandic	13,215	6,325	6,895	8,255	4,055	4,205
Norwegian	59,335	28,350	30,980	68,640	33,310	35,335
Swedish	71,035	32,705	38,325	32,815	15,630	17,185
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	12,540	6,400	6,140	3,530	1,735	1,790
Eastern European origins	1,339,610	644,610	695,000	243,055	119,620	123,435
Bulgarian	16,750	8,230	8,525	355	190	160
Byelorussian	11,690	5,645	6,045	290	150	140
Czech	42,340	20,815	21,530	4,960	2,545	2,415
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	14,810	6,820	7,990	2,765	1,270	1,495
Estonian	15,075	7,255	7,825	265	150	115
Hungarian	163,500	79,850	83,655	27,885	13,730	14,155
Latvian	18,095	8,615	9,480	535	265	265
Lithuanian	35,100	16,965	18,135	1,045	550	500
Moldovan	3,905	1,910	1,995	345	145	200
Polish	523,490	251,575	271,910	59,950	28,680	31,275
Romanian	98,235	46,825	51,410	12,730	6,215	6,515
Russian	220,850	103,650	117,200	39,395	19,620	19,775
Slovak	40,535	19,645	20,885	1,390	750	645
Ukrainian	376,440	181,725	194,715	143,700	70,670	73,025
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	10,330	4,940	5,390	255	115	135
Southern European origins	1,772,160	880,335	891,830	27,415	13,420	13,995
Albanian	25,980	13,085	12,895	605	310	290
Bosnian	14,680	7,255	7,425	515	260	260
Catalan	285	180	110	15	10	10
Croatian	82,220	41,350	40,875	2,570	1,295	1,275
Cypriot	4,400	2,170	2,230	45	35	10
Greek	148,555	74,830	73,720	2,880	1,475	1,400
Italian	931,805	467,100	464,705	11,310	5,585	5,725
Kosovar	1,305	655	650	30	25	10
Macedonian	39,440	19,820	19,625	110	45	65
Maltese	35,255	17,525	17,730	125	65	60
Montenegrin	2,545	1,295	1,250	85	40	40
Portuguese	324,930	160,970	163,960	1,885	850	1,035
Serbian	66,835	34,035	32,800	1,300	670	630
Sicilian	4,190	2,090	2,100	100	75	25
Slovenian	26,485	13,215	13,275	640	275	365
Spanish	171,145	78,880	92,265	5,670	2,615	3,050
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	20,245	9,785	10,460	1,065	535	525
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	965	425	540	35	0	30
Other European origins	105,865	53,050	52,820	3,885	2,075	1,805
Basque	1,585	805	780	50	40	10
Jewish	77,280	38,860	38,425	1,725	905	815
Roma (Gypsy)	2,295	1,050	1,245	165	85	80
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	2,065	1,110	955	200	95	105
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	23,290	11,540	11,750	1,755	965	790
Caribbean origins	462,600	213,660	248,940	3,810	2,005	1,805
Antiguan	3,275	1,480	1,800	0	0	0
Bahamian	2,305	1,190	1,115	15	10	0
Barbadian	26,625	12,375	14,250	110	45	60
Bermudan	2,010	925	1,085	20	20	0
Carib	2,295	855	1,440	10	0	10
Cuban	14,490	6,625	7,865	185	125	55
Dominican	9,180	4,420	4,760	115	75	45
Grenadian	14,690	6,420	8,275	60	25	30
Guadeloupean	70	20	50	0	0	0
Haitian	17,715	8,085	9,630	110	75	40
Jamaican	257,060	119,100	137,955	2,250	1,200	1,050
Kittitian/Nevisian	2,260	1,090	1,175	0	0	0
Martinican	195	65	125	0	0	0
Montserratan	620	300	325	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	1,495	755	740	55	15	40
St. Lucian	7,170	3,195	3,985	45	15	25
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	59,560	27,850	31,710	415	215	200
Vincentian/Grenadinian	12,155	5,250	6,905	30	20	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	56,865	25,380	31,480	355	135	225
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	16,970	7,770	9,195	190	90	100
Latin, Central and South American origins	322,210	153,045	169,165	6,695	3,295	3,400
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	10,795	5,040	5,750	300	150	150
Arawak	1,055	470	585	0	0	0
Argentinian	11,460	5,620	5,840	160	60	95
Belizean	810	395	415	55	35	15
Bolivian	1,885	935	955	45	30	15
Brazilian	18,395	8,760	9,635	305	150	155
Chilean	14,625	7,015	7,610	860	450	415
Colombian	40,820	19,345	21,480	705	335	370
Costa Rican	2,790	1,380	1,410	50	15	35
Ecuadorian	20,385	9,650	10,735	105	70	30
Guatemalan	10,040	4,870	5,170	270	135	140
Guyanese	73,360	34,050	39,315	185	110	75
Hispanic	5,805	2,790	3,015	125	75	50
Honduran	3,360	1,590	1,765	95	45	50
Maya	2,500	1,285	1,215	140	75	65
Mexican	43,120	20,735	22,380	2,125	1,060	1,065
Nicaraguan	7,100	3,440	3,665	140	50	90
Panamanian	2,475	1,125	1,355	15	0	10
Paraguayan	600	280	320	40	30	10
Peruvian	14,780	6,985	7,800	295	120	175
Salvadorean	27,595	13,530	14,070	765	350	415
Uruguayan	4,200	2,150	2,050	65	20	40
Venezuelan	11,750	5,320	6,430	55	30	30
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	14,095	6,745	7,350	320	165	160
African origins	414,095	203,260	210,835	16,170	8,480	7,690
Central and West African origins	85,735	42,745	42,990	4,440	2,355	2,090
Akan	965	540	425	115	80	40
Angolan	1,635	815	820	10	0	10
Ashanti	1,205	620	585	10	10	0
Beninese	555	280	270	0	0	0
Burkinabe	415	190	225	20	15	10
Cameroonian	4,700	2,330	2,370	205	90	110
Chadian	645	320	325	0	0	0
Congolese	10,425	4,960	5,460	530	290	240
Edo	1,025	545	480	40	20	15
Ewe	180	95	80	10	0	0
Gabonese	170	80	90	0	0	0
Gambian	630	305	330	40	20	15
Ghanaian	24,850	12,060	12,790	555	320	235
Guinean	1,105	550	560	25	20	10
Ibo	1,940	1,035	905	485	275	215
Ivorian	1,350	600	745	75	35	45
Liberian	770	365	405	85	25	60
Malian	490	250	240	30	15	15
Malinké	345	160	185	0	0	0
Nigerian	26,560	13,620	12,940	1,715	875	835
Peulh	135	80	55	0	0	0
Senegalese	1,000	500	495	20	15	10
Sierra Leonean	1,175	585	585	40	25	10
Togolese	670	370	300	55	35	20
Wolof	80	45	35	0	10	0
Yoruba	4,055	2,155	1,900	520	270	255
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	4,745	2,340	2,410	235	115	125
North African origins	86,665	44,970	41,695	2,190	1,210	980
Algerian	4,065	2,035	2,030	70	50	15
Berber	1,845	985	860	55	45	15
Coptic	2,305	1,185	1,120	40	15	20
Dinka	205	110	95	35	20	15
Egyptian	52,845	27,465	25,375	535	290	245
Libyan	3,785	2,015	1,760	205	115	85
Maure	290	160	125	0	0	0
Moroccan	12,305	6,310	6,000	220	110	115
Sudanese	8,975	4,600	4,375	935	515	420
Tunisian	2,295	1,210	1,085	105	60	50
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	1,755	920	830	40	30	10
Southern and East African origins	128,910	61,680	67,230	6,320	3,210	3,110
Afrikaner	560	285	275	60	35	30
Amhara	720	360	360	20	10	10
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	870	455	415	45	30	10
Burundian	3,105	1,465	1,640	300	155	145
Djiboutian	1,035	460	575	10	10	10
Eritrean	11,870	5,740	6,125	1,130	540	590
Ethiopian	22,560	10,755	11,800	675	335	345
Harari	475	255	215	0	0	0
Kenyan	5,860	2,780	3,080	190	95	95
Malagasy	430	200	230	10	0	10
Mauritian	3,600	1,830	1,770	205	90	110
Oromo	1,290	610	685	140	65	75
Rwandan	3,215	1,380	1,830	80	20	60
Seychellois	350	140	205	10	10	0
Somali	40,995	19,200	21,795	1,275	635	635
South African	19,760	9,790	9,970	1,295	680	615
Tanzanian	2,610	1,300	1,315	55	35	20
Tigrian	770	395	375	45	30	15
Ugandan	2,950	1,445	1,505	90	40	50
Zambian	805	410	395	190	90	100
Zimbabwean	3,425	1,595	1,830	260	170	90
Zulu	440	225	215	35	30	10
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	8,475	3,900	4,570	535	300	240
Other African origins	119,670	57,245	62,420	3,605	1,940	1,665
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	17,380	7,720	9,660	345	190	160
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	103,560	50,150	53,410	3,290	1,770	1,525
Asian origins	3,100,450	1,506,795	1,593,655	99,125	49,845	49,280
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	523,340	265,615	257,730	9,415	5,015	4,400
Afghan	54,535	27,255	27,280	780	390	385
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	44,705	23,345	21,360	1,175	645	530
Armenian	29,675	14,570	15,105	240	130	115
Assyrian	12,075	6,140	5,935	215	120	95
Azerbaijani	4,105	1,995	2,110	50	25	25
Georgian	2,815	1,415	1,395	35	20	10
Hazara	680	390	290	25	10	20
Iranian	117,065	58,995	58,065	1,345	740	600
Iraqi	50,460	25,420	25,035	1,290	690	605
Israeli	17,080	8,890	8,185	120	75	50
Jordanian	9,660	5,110	4,545	75	40	30
Kazakh	1,325	610	715	30	15	15
Kurd	9,210	4,880	4,330	200	110	90
Kuwaiti	1,510	795	715	10	0	0
Kyrgyz	340	130	210	30	10	20
Lebanese	86,245	43,700	42,545	1,360	660	700
Palestinian	28,480	15,215	13,270	120	60	55
Pashtun	3,010	1,635	1,375	175	100	75
Saudi Arabian	3,660	1,975	1,685	110	80	30
Syrian	31,440	15,570	15,870	1,365	740	625
Tajik	1,850	880	970	10	10	0
Tatar	2,135	930	1,205	60	25	35
Turk	34,165	17,340	16,825	860	450	405
Turkmen	695	345	355	20	10	10
Uighur	755	385	375	0	0	0
Uzbek	2,400	1,155	1,240	70	15	50
Yemeni	4,225	2,065	2,155	45	20	20
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	16,270	8,395	7,875	265	130	130
South Asian origins	1,182,845	595,480	587,370	29,830	15,955	13,870
Bangladeshi	29,195	14,965	14,230	2,040	1,090	945
Bengali	15,235	7,795	7,445	600	350	250
Bhutanese	1,450	710	735	210	110	100
East Indian	774,500	390,015	384,480	18,695	10,090	8,600
Goan	4,775	2,245	2,525	45	25	15
Gujarati	5,915	3,055	2,860	195	105	95
Kashmiri	1,795	900	895	115	75	40
Nepali	8,150	4,070	4,080	565	320	245
Pakistani	149,060	75,860	73,200	6,255	3,220	3,035
Punjabi	55,455	28,580	26,875	1,425	790	635
Sinhalese	5,195	2,545	2,645	65	30	30
Sri Lankan	124,270	60,685	63,585	515	290	225
Tamil	42,760	21,705	21,050	120	65	55
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	58,705	29,705	29,005	1,075	545	530
East and Southeast Asian origins	1,422,890	659,650	763,245	60,010	28,955	31,060
Burmese	4,420	2,105	2,315	465	210	260
Cambodian (Khmer)	14,655	6,810	7,845	305	165	145
Chinese	849,345	403,280	446,065	19,075	9,300	9,780
Filipino	337,760	144,830	192,930	33,630	16,200	17,425
Hmong	650	340	305	0	0	0
Indonesian	9,325	4,305	5,025	220	115	105
Japanese	41,620	18,530	23,090	1,220	530	690
Karen	1,645	830	815	585	290	290
Korean	93,420	44,585	48,835	2,025	870	1,155
Laotian	9,875	4,865	5,015	705	335	380
Malaysian	7,310	3,370	3,935	160	75	80
Mongolian	2,940	1,390	1,545	205	105	100
Singaporean	1,260	565	700	10	0	10
Taiwanese	10,060	4,595	5,465	265	115	155
Thai	6,865	2,725	4,135	420	170	250
Tibetan	6,365	3,175	3,185	50	35	25
Vietnamese	107,640	51,350	56,290	3,690	1,885	1,800
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	4,375	2,165	2,210	95	40	55
Other Asian origins	13,430	6,575	6,855	735	340	390
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	13,430	6,575	6,855	735	345	385
Oceania origins	20,680	10,435	10,240	1,430	760	665
Australian	13,315	6,780	6,530	890	505	385
New Zealander	4,250	2,255	2,000	265	140	125
Pacific Islands origins	3,490	1,625	1,860	310	140	170
Fijian	1,610	665	945	110	60	50
Hawaiian	470	235	240	25	10	10
Maori	485	255	230	45	0	35
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	275	115	165	25	15	10
Samoan	225	140	85	55	25	30
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	555	265	290	60	25	35
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	5,169,175	...	...	432,620	...	...
Owner	3,601,825	...	...	311,470	...	...
Renter	1,559,720	...	...	109,685	...	...
Band housing	7,635	...	...	11,470	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	5,169,170	...	...	432,620	...	...
Condominium	680,495	...	...	41,960	...	...
Not condominium	4,488,680	...	...	390,660	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	5,169,175	...	...	432,625	...	...
No bedrooms	33,950	...	...	1,290	...	...
1 bedroom	699,980	...	...	40,600	...	...
2 bedrooms	1,122,145	...	...	97,340	...	...
3 bedrooms	1,876,905	...	...	148,060	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	1,436,185	...	...	145,330	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	5,169,170	...	...	432,620	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	1,369,660	...	...	92,375	...	...
5 rooms	718,020	...	...	67,645	...	...
6 rooms	770,730	...	...	64,215	...	...
7 rooms	713,595	...	...	57,945	...	...
8 or more rooms	1,597,165	...	...	150,440	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.3	...	...	6.7	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	5,169,175	...	...	432,625	...	...
One person or fewer per room	5,046,810	...	...	422,915	...	...
More than 1 person per room	122,360	...	...	9,705	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	5,169,175	...	...	432,620	...	...
Suitable	4,858,170	...	...	412,220	...	...
Not suitable	311,005	...	...	20,410	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	5,169,175	...	...	432,620	...	...
1960 or before	1,293,135	...	...	101,805	...	...
1961 to 1980	1,449,585	...	...	150,440	...	...
1981 to 1990	709,135	...	...	62,270	...	...
1991 to 2000	622,565	...	...	33,495	...	...
2001 to 2005	396,130	...	...	17,905	...	...
2006 to 2010	368,235	...	...	28,610	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	330,390	...	...	38,095	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	5,169,175	...	...	432,625	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	4,851,335	...	...	395,105	...	...
Major repairs needed	317,840	...	...	37,520	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	5,169,170	...	...	432,620	...	...
1 household maintainer	2,962,065	...	...	261,245	...	...
2 household maintainers	2,059,710	...	...	162,550	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	147,400	...	...	8,825	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	5,169,175	...	...	432,625	...	...
15 to 24 years	135,835	...	...	18,235	...	...
25 to 34 years	681,685	...	...	72,225	...	...
35 to 44 years	880,070	...	...	73,675	...	...
45 to 54 years	1,113,885	...	...	77,920	...	...
55 to 64 years	1,047,185	...	...	84,110	...	...
65 to 74 years	738,445	...	...	56,280	...	...
75 to 84 years	414,210	...	...	34,845	...	...
85 years and over	157,860	...	...	15,340	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	5,106,290	...	...	396,790	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	3,694,385	...	...	316,505	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	1,411,900	...	...	80,295	...	...
30% to less than 100%	1,208,010	...	...	70,690	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	3,557,485	...	...	289,805	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	61.0	...	...	57.9	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	19.8	...	...	12.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,299	...	...	1,001	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,463	...	...	1,178	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	400,496	...	...	299,606	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	506,409	...	...	318,917	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	1,554,940	...	...	107,535	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	15.0	...	...	21.4	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	45.7	...	...	42.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,045	...	...	965	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,109	...	...	1,021	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	11,038,440	5,342,755	5,695,685	857,295	424,265	433,035
No certificate, diploma or degree	1,935,355	961,690	973,670	177,210	96,680	80,530
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	3,026,100	1,485,320	1,540,770	261,210	133,730	127,480
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	6,076,985	2,895,745	3,181,235	418,880	193,855	225,025
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	664,180	471,055	193,120	89,440	64,100	25,340
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	324,370	199,510	124,855	38,045	21,495	16,550
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	339,810	271,545	68,260	51,395	42,605	8,790
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	2,298,715	981,785	1,316,930	146,770	51,240	95,530
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	242,005	107,065	134,945	28,195	10,790	17,405
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	2,872,085	1,335,845	1,536,250	154,480	67,730	86,745
Bachelor's degree	1,911,530	854,135	1,057,395	112,760	47,490	65,270
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	189,370	83,670	105,695	7,635	3,400	4,235
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	79,760	42,295	37,460	4,830	2,580	2,245
Master's degree	593,645	294,180	299,470	24,375	11,095	13,275
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	97,790	61,560	36,230	4,880	3,155	1,725
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	7,229,120	3,498,620	3,730,495	566,245	282,510	283,735
No certificate, diploma or degree	752,995	404,770	348,225	69,200	42,050	27,150
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	1,768,955	895,020	873,935	168,035	88,530	79,505
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	4,707,165	2,198,830	2,508,335	329,005	151,930	177,075
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	446,390	315,975	130,420	66,955	48,885	18,075
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	218,980	134,685	84,295	27,765	16,095	11,670
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	227,410	181,290	46,120	39,190	32,785	6,400
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	1,782,530	762,505	1,020,030	115,085	41,085	74,000
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	170,925	75,935	94,995	19,380	7,775	11,605
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	2,307,320	1,044,420	1,262,895	127,585	54,190	73,395
Bachelor's degree	1,519,850	668,450	851,400	92,905	38,180	54,730
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	148,960	62,370	86,590	5,890	2,525	3,365
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	63,790	30,895	32,895	4,065	1,995	2,070
Master's degree	500,415	239,160	261,255	20,975	9,170	11,805
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	74,310	43,545	30,765	3,750	2,320	1,435
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	11,038,440	5,342,755	5,695,685	857,295	424,265	433,030
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	4,961,455	2,447,010	2,514,445	438,420	230,405	208,005
Education	349,745	79,245	270,505	40,995	10,635	30,355
13. Education	349,750	79,245	270,505	40,990	10,635	30,350
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	246,075	109,955	136,120	8,870	4,150	4,720
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	38,745	28,735	10,010	2,015	1,455	560
50. Visual and performing arts	207,325	81,220	126,110	6,850	2,690	4,160
Humanities	359,560	133,350	226,210	15,400	6,905	8,495
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	37,900	8,170	29,730	1,030	260	770
23. English language and literature/letters	98,440	28,290	70,145	3,180	990	2,190
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	95,345	32,940	62,410	3,105	1,185	1,920
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	2,165	805	1,365	35	0	30
38. Philosophy and religious studies	24,255	13,425	10,830	1,180	695	480
39. Theology and religious vocations	28,175	17,120	11,055	4,700	2,645	2,050
54. History	57,295	30,015	27,280	1,760	1,000	760
55. French language and literature/letters	15,990	2,590	13,400	425	120	300
Social and behavioural sciences and law	810,410	269,735	540,670	30,500	10,015	20,485
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	10,765	2,210	8,560	750	185	565
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	81,500	31,825	49,675	2,060	905	1,160
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	141,750	11,775	129,975	6,805	425	6,380
22. Legal professions and studies	128,860	45,275	83,590	5,410	1,930	3,480
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	16,210	3,400	12,815	465	155	310
42. Psychology	122,545	29,640	92,905	5,555	1,480	4,075
45. Social sciences	308,775	145,620	163,155	9,455	4,940	4,510
Business, management and public administration	1,279,665	527,085	752,580	85,800	25,105	60,695
30.16 Accounting and computer science	2,725	895	1,830	240	50	190
44. Public administration and social service professions	108,935	21,405	87,530	8,250	1,710	6,545
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,168,005	504,780	663,225	77,310	23,350	53,960
Physical and life sciences and technologies	253,905	124,050	129,850	11,455	5,905	5,550
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	110,950	45,120	65,835	5,675	2,515	3,160
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	54,745	24,800	29,945	1,395	725	670
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	3,830	1,190	2,640	105	25	80
40. Physical sciences	72,355	48,145	24,205	3,240	2,265	970
41. Science technologies/technicians	12,025	4,795	7,235	1,045	375	670
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	290,045	185,310	104,730	11,695	7,040	4,655
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	220,550	150,765	69,790	9,390	6,135	3,250
25. Library science	15,220	2,450	12,770	990	85	905
27. Mathematics and statistics	49,025	28,515	20,515	1,145	700	445
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	5,235	3,580	1,655	170	110	55
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	1,173,030	1,055,050	117,985	93,145	86,660	6,485
04. Architecture and related services	51,845	34,590	17,265	1,520	960	560
14. Engineering	334,085	271,010	63,070	14,090	11,790	2,300
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	237,775	214,500	23,275	13,790	12,290	1,505
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	160	30	125	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	198,790	194,555	4,235	24,650	23,840	810
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	225,860	220,545	5,315	26,325	25,535	790
48. Precision production	124,515	119,820	4,695	12,765	12,240	525
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	106,895	67,015	39,880	16,655	12,040	4,615
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	66,035	41,790	24,240	13,585	9,885	3,705
03. Natural resources and conservation	40,860	25,230	15,635	3,075	2,160	910
Health and related fields	865,970	173,780	692,185	74,750	12,215	62,530
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	75,715	37,005	38,705	4,340	2,030	2,315
51. Health professions and related programs	767,680	124,280	643,400	69,090	9,460	59,630
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	22,575	12,490	10,075	1,315	725	590
Personal, protective and transportation services	340,285	170,915	169,375	29,585	13,165	16,420
12. Personal and culinary services	183,925	49,390	134,535	18,450	3,845	14,605
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	2,135	1,815	320	10	10	10
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	2,610	2,385	225	175	160	20
43. Security and protective services	98,325	68,625	29,695	5,070	3,705	1,360
49. Transportation and materials moving	53,290	48,695	4,595	5,880	5,450	430
Other	1,405	260	1,145	40	20	20
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	1,405	255	1,145	40	20	20
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	7,229,120	3,498,625	3,730,500	566,245	282,510	283,730
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	2,521,950	1,299,790	1,222,160	237,235	130,580	106,660
Education	243,635	52,670	190,965	28,195	6,885	21,310
13. Education	243,635	52,670	190,965	28,195	6,885	21,310
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	192,630	85,175	107,450	7,175	3,350	3,825
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	28,705	21,070	7,635	1,550	1,100	450
50. Visual and performing arts	163,925	64,105	99,815	5,630	2,250	3,380
Humanities	266,665	95,805	170,855	11,760	5,110	6,650
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	29,210	5,775	23,435	825	205	620
23. English language and literature/letters	73,110	20,225	52,885	2,470	745	1,735
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	72,145	24,330	47,815	2,515	910	1,605
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	1,665	615	1,045	30	10	25
38. Philosophy and religious studies	17,755	9,925	7,830	920	540	380
39. Theology and religious vocations	19,390	11,790	7,605	3,345	1,905	1,435
54. History	42,315	21,735	20,585	1,365	725	640
55. French language and literature/letters	11,075	1,415	9,655	285	75	205
Social and behavioural sciences and law	648,285	207,200	441,085	25,830	8,205	17,625
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	8,630	1,785	6,845	670	165	505
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	67,115	26,015	41,105	1,870	800	1,065
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	111,550	8,405	103,145	5,680	350	5,330
22. Legal professions and studies	108,895	34,250	74,650	4,735	1,550	3,185
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	12,875	2,705	10,170	370	120	250
42. Psychology	93,770	21,045	72,725	4,335	1,055	3,280
45. Social sciences	245,445	113,000	132,445	8,175	4,160	4,010
Business, management and public administration	1,026,975	414,425	612,550	69,300	20,470	48,835
30.16 Accounting and computer science	2,225	715	1,510	195	35	165
44. Public administration and social service professions	88,130	16,590	71,540	6,795	1,230	5,570
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	936,620	397,120	539,500	62,310	19,205	43,105
Physical and life sciences and technologies	190,235	88,535	101,700	8,985	4,575	4,405
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	84,580	33,150	51,425	4,490	1,995	2,495
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	41,255	18,020	23,240	1,085	530	550
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	3,135	975	2,165	95	25	70
40. Physical sciences	52,490	33,175	19,310	2,545	1,700	845
41. Science technologies/technicians	8,775	3,215	5,555	770	320	450
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	252,275	162,360	89,915	10,235	6,210	4,030
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	198,775	136,120	62,655	8,590	5,615	2,970
25. Library science	10,755	1,765	8,995	730	60	670
27. Mathematics and statistics	38,160	21,440	16,720	760	430	335
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	4,580	3,030	1,550	160	105	55
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	878,300	779,075	99,225	72,720	67,225	5,500
04. Architecture and related services	42,115	27,365	14,745	1,215	745	470
14. Engineering	266,040	211,240	54,800	11,685	9,635	2,045
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	178,830	160,160	18,675	11,195	9,865	1,330
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	140	25	115	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	141,515	138,160	3,360	18,905	18,275	630
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	162,855	158,770	4,080	19,855	19,240	620
48. Precision production	86,805	83,355	3,450	9,865	9,460	410
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	82,775	49,710	33,065	13,365	9,360	4,005
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	50,160	30,065	20,095	10,720	7,545	3,175
03. Natural resources and conservation	32,615	19,650	12,965	2,645	1,815	835
Health and related fields	664,880	133,665	531,220	57,985	9,720	48,265
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	58,160	27,950	30,205	3,520	1,635	1,890
51. Health professions and related programs	589,085	96,720	492,365	53,345	7,510	45,835
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	17,640	8,990	8,645	1,120	580	545
Personal, protective and transportation services	259,400	129,985	129,415	23,415	10,820	12,600
12. Personal and culinary services	137,250	36,225	101,030	14,320	3,175	11,155
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	1,685	1,405	280	10	10	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	1,415	1,270	145	100	95	0
43. Security and protective services	77,190	52,840	24,345	4,055	2,955	1,105
49. Transportation and materials moving	41,855	38,245	3,610	4,935	4,590	340
Other	1,125	220	900	35	15	20
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	1,125	225	900	35	10	20
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	11,038,440	5,342,755	5,695,685	857,300	424,265	433,035
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	4,961,460	2,447,010	2,514,445	438,415	230,410	208,005
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	6,076,985	2,895,745	3,181,240	418,880	193,855	225,025
Location of study inside Canada	4,786,950	2,261,260	2,525,690	366,620	167,715	198,905
Same as province or territory of residence	4,414,485	2,081,525	2,332,960	293,455	130,990	162,465
Different than province or territory of residence	372,470	179,735	192,730	73,165	36,725	36,445
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	1,290,035	634,485	655,545	52,260	26,140	26,120
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	167,260	89,350	77,910	7,230	3,670	3,560
Philippines	115,410	39,750	75,655	13,980	6,230	7,750
India	169,340	85,500	83,840	6,215	3,280	2,930
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	115,690	66,215	49,470	3,250	1,830	1,420
China^{Census data footnote 162}	98,415	46,230	52,185	2,730	1,295	1,435
France	10,775	5,800	4,975	220	125	95
Other	613,145	301,635	311,510	18,630	9,705	8,925
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	7,229,120	3,498,620	3,730,500	566,245	282,510	283,735
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	2,521,955	1,299,795	1,222,160	237,235	130,580	106,660
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	4,707,170	2,198,830	2,508,335	329,010	151,930	177,075
Location of study inside Canada	3,713,145	1,728,610	1,984,540	283,450	129,445	154,005
Same as province or territory of residence	3,432,015	1,593,170	1,838,850	225,420	100,405	125,010
Different than province or territory of residence	281,130	135,440	145,690	58,035	29,035	28,995
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	994,025	470,225	523,800	45,560	22,490	23,070
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	127,005	65,045	61,960	5,210	2,495	2,715
Philippines	97,230	32,925	64,300	13,335	5,950	7,385
India	143,205	70,040	73,175	5,560	2,935	2,625
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	62,325	34,315	28,010	2,180	1,275	905
China^{Census data footnote 162}	82,020	37,900	44,125	2,520	1,180	1,345
France	8,705	4,630	4,070	200	115	85
Other	473,530	225,365	248,160	16,555	8,540	8,015
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	11,038,440	5,342,755	5,695,680	857,295	424,260	433,035
In the labour force	7,141,675	3,689,625	3,452,055	585,540	311,110	274,430
Employed	6,612,150	3,414,255	3,197,895	544,095	286,330	257,760
Unemployed	529,525	275,370	254,160	41,445	24,775	16,665
Not in the labour force	3,896,765	1,653,130	2,243,630	271,760	113,155	158,605
Participation rate	64.7	69.1	60.6	68.3	73.3	63.4
Employment rate	59.9	63.9	56.1	63.5	67.5	59.5
Unemployment rate	7.4	7.5	7.4	7.1	8.0	6.1
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	11,038,440	5,342,755	5,695,685	857,295	424,260	433,030
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	3,696,235	1,561,475	2,134,755	242,835	100,140	142,695
Worked	7,342,205	3,781,280	3,560,925	614,460	324,130	290,335
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	3,837,565	2,148,635	1,688,935	313,945	180,260	133,690
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	3,504,645	1,632,645	1,871,995	300,515	143,870	156,650
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.9	43.4	42.3	42.6	43.1	41.9
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	7,141,675	3,689,625	3,452,055	585,535	311,110	274,425
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	171,050	81,735	89,315	10,230	5,205	5,020
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	6,970,625	3,607,890	3,362,735	575,310	305,900	269,405
Employee	6,146,035	3,084,740	3,061,295	490,180	250,460	239,710
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	824,595	523,145	301,445	85,130	55,440	29,695
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	7,141,675	3,689,625	3,452,050	585,535	311,105	274,430
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	171,045	81,735	89,315	10,225	5,205	5,020
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	6,970,625	3,607,890	3,362,735	575,310	305,905	269,410
0 Management occupations	790,880	483,240	307,635	81,060	54,030	27,035
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	1,124,770	357,215	767,555	80,640	20,280	60,355
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	516,110	399,195	116,915	28,325	21,685	6,640
3 Health occupations	447,045	90,495	356,550	41,675	6,510	35,170
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	831,340	265,075	566,265	64,685	19,715	44,970
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	225,720	104,445	121,275	10,760	4,025	6,735
6 Sales and service occupations	1,632,085	709,375	922,710	124,090	50,165	73,920
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	927,820	866,870	60,950	99,755	93,540	6,215
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	113,405	88,150	25,260	28,155	22,590	5,565
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	361,455	243,835	117,620	16,165	13,370	2,800
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	7,141,675	3,689,625	3,452,050	585,540	311,105	274,430
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	171,050	81,730	89,315	10,225	5,200	5,020
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	6,970,625	3,607,890	3,362,735	575,310	305,905	269,410
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	102,070	67,005	35,070	51,255	36,820	14,440
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	32,340	27,920	4,415	23,070	20,040	3,025
22 Utilities	50,820	38,195	12,630	5,395	3,780	1,610
23 Construction	476,835	419,600	57,230	49,310	43,460	5,850
31-33 Manufacturing	683,335	482,800	200,530	26,710	21,000	5,710
41 Wholesale trade	270,745	178,945	91,800	20,480	15,325	5,155
44-45 Retail trade	783,540	367,175	416,365	63,360	30,185	33,180
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	329,240	242,045	87,190	24,755	19,385	5,370
51 Information and cultural industries	176,715	101,045	75,670	10,005	5,055	4,950
52 Finance and insurance	380,765	169,590	211,180	20,155	6,495	13,655
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	144,275	77,385	66,890	7,650	4,425	3,220
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	567,825	316,685	251,140	25,250	12,985	12,265
55 Management of companies and enterprises	12,365	5,290	7,075	1,340	680	660
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	338,640	190,210	148,430	16,395	9,660	6,735
61 Educational services	528,470	163,680	364,795	45,360	13,670	31,690
62 Health care and social assistance	754,555	134,270	620,275	72,625	11,285	61,335
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	147,425	75,330	72,095	10,545	5,120	5,425
72 Accommodation and food services	478,070	201,260	276,805	37,785	14,295	23,490
81 Other services (except public administration)	296,960	133,220	163,745	25,680	12,590	13,090
91 Public administration	415,635	216,250	199,385	38,180	19,640	18,535
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	6,612,150	3,414,255	3,197,900	544,095	286,330	257,760
Worked at home	480,290	242,495	237,795	59,385	34,110	25,275
Worked outside Canada	39,145	25,995	13,150	840	550	295
No fixed workplace address	736,715	536,140	200,570	68,510	54,860	13,650
Worked at usual place	5,355,995	2,609,620	2,746,375	415,355	196,815	218,545
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	5,356,000	2,609,625	2,746,375	415,355	196,815	218,540
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	3,109,070	1,418,260	1,690,810	288,875	131,440	157,430
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	857,565	419,960	437,605	89,420	45,175	44,250
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	1,350,375	749,770	600,605	28,040	15,365	12,675
Commute to a different province or territory	38,990	21,630	17,355	9,015	4,830	4,185
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	6,092,710	3,145,765	2,946,945	483,865	251,675	232,190
Car, truck, van - as a driver	4,375,215	2,392,270	1,982,945	402,405	216,695	185,705
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	372,480	151,880	220,600	27,960	10,265	17,695
Public transit	888,920	376,690	512,235	13,825	5,380	8,445
Walked	320,015	143,885	176,130	27,120	11,505	15,615
Bicycle	75,460	50,200	25,260	5,475	3,415	2,065
Other method	60,620	30,835	29,785	7,075	4,410	2,665
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	6,092,715	3,145,765	2,946,950	483,865	251,675	232,190
Less than 15 minutes	1,463,845	675,540	788,310	212,525	101,290	111,235
15 to 29 minutes	1,964,690	991,525	973,165	179,160	95,105	84,055
30 to 44 minutes	1,295,375	706,155	589,225	53,345	30,035	23,310
45 to 59 minutes	612,415	336,090	276,325	17,630	10,285	7,345
60 minutes and over	756,385	436,455	319,930	21,205	14,960	6,245
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	6,092,715	3,145,765	2,946,950	483,865	251,675	232,190
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	413,515	296,265	117,245	29,630	21,835	7,800
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	1,039,255	640,810	398,445	88,420	56,715	31,705
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	1,571,230	778,100	793,130	158,875	83,520	75,355
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	1,354,870	577,565	777,310	101,065	40,385	60,680
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	740,330	328,410	411,920	41,740	16,680	25,065
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	973,515	524,620	448,895	64,140	32,540	31,600
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	7,579,085	3,895,880	3,683,200	633,325	332,450	300,875
Single responses	7,434,675	3,828,665	3,606,015	630,465	331,130	299,335
Official languages	7,319,360	3,767,405	3,551,955	626,545	329,115	297,435
English	7,225,210	3,732,550	3,492,655	624,555	328,520	296,030
French	94,145	34,850	59,295	1,995	590	1,405
Non-official languages	115,320	61,255	54,060	3,920	2,020	1,895
Aboriginal languages	1,485	765	715	1,540	775	770
Algonquian languages	1,420	745	675	915	485	435
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	370	220	150	905	470	430
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	95	55	40
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	10	40	25	20
Cree, n.o.s.	360	215	145	770	395	375
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	1,050	525	525	15	10	10
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	495	235	265	15	10	0
Oji-Cree	545	290	260	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	10	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	620	290	340
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	625	285	340
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	625	285	335
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	25	0	20	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	25	10	20	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	25	10	20	0	0	0
Cayuga	10	0	10	0	0	0
Mohawk	20	10	10	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	10	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	10	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	113,835	60,490	53,340	2,375	1,245	1,130
Afro-Asiatic languages	3,305	1,995	1,310	115	100	20
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	125	45	80	10	0	10
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	15	10	10	0	0	0
Somali	110	35	70	10	0	10
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	3,175	1,955	1,225	110	95	10
Amharic	75	30	45	0	0	0
Arabic	2,430	1,605	825	75	65	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	145	110	40	20	20	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	35	20	15	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	395	140	260	0	0	0
Maltese	20	15	10	0	0	0
Tigrigna	60	30	25	10	0	10
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	10	10	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	2,575	1,065	1,510	245	135	115
Khmer (Cambodian)	95	50	50	0	0	0
Vietnamese	2,480	1,015	1,465	245	135	115
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	1,280	495	790	205	105	95
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	25	10	15	10	10	10
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	10	10	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	40	20	20	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	55	20	30	10	0	10
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,145	435	705	185	100	85
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0	0	0
Creole languages	60	35	30	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	15	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	50	25	20	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	1,980	945	1,035	0	0	0
Kannada	10	0	10	0	0	0
Malayalam	75	45	30	0	0	0
Tamil	1,870	900	975	0	0	0
Telugu	35	10	20	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	38,960	21,375	17,580	560	250	305
Albanian	275	170	105	0	0	0
Armenian	145	75	75	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	6,655	3,165	3,495	100	35	60
Baltic languages	70	25	40	0	0	0
Latvian	20	10	10	0	0	0
Lithuanian	45	20	25	0	0	0
Slavic languages	6,595	3,135	3,455	95	35	60
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	100	55	40	0	0	0
Bulgarian	120	85	40	0	0	0
Croatian	155	100	50	0	0	0
Czech	25	20	10	0	0	0
Macedonian	85	35	45	0	0	0
Polish	1,925	960	960	0	0	0
Russian	2,905	1,240	1,670	25	10	10
Serbian	390	240	145	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	20	10	10	0	0	0
Slovak	55	40	20	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	15	0	10	0	0	0
Ukrainian	780	320	460	65	20	50
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	15	10	10	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	10	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	6,905	3,655	3,250	165	95	65
Afrikaans	0	0	0	30	10	20
Danish	30	15	20	0	0	0
Dutch	790	425	365	40	25	20
Frisian	25	20	10	0	0	0
German	5,690	3,005	2,690	80	50	30
Icelandic	0	10	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	30	10	20	0	0	0
Swedish	55	15	35	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	10	10	0	0	0
Yiddish	20	0	20	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	240	155	80	10	15	0
Greek	405	240	165	0	0	10
Indo-Iranian languages	11,880	6,560	5,315	180	75	100
Indo-Aryan languages	9,205	4,900	4,310	160	70	90
Bengali	335	160	170	25	15	10
Gujarati	730	255	475	0	0	10
Hindi	800	380	415	20	10	10
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	30	10	20	0	0	0
Nepali	80	30	50	10	0	10
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	6,025	3,480	2,550	40	20	20
Sindhi	20	10	15	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	30	15	10	10	0	0
Urdu	1,150	555	600	50	25	30
Iranian languages	2,660	1,655	1,005	20	10	15
Kurdish	105	95	15	0	0	0
Pashto	20	10	15	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	2,530	1,555	975	25	0	15
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	12,680	7,505	5,170	110	45	70
Catalan	10	0	10	0	0	0
Italian	945	505	445	0	0	0
Portuguese	5,815	3,865	1,950	0	0	0
Romanian	300	140	160	10	0	0
Spanish	5,590	2,985	2,605	105	40	60
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0	0	0
Japanese	1,010	360	655	10	0	10
Kartvelian languages	15	0	10	0	0	0
Georgian	15	0	10	0	0	0
Korean	4,945	2,505	2,445	110	40	70
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	120	55	65	10	0	0
Akan (Twi)	20	0	20	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	10	0	0	0	0
Ganda	25	15	15	0	0	0
Igbo	10	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	15	0	10	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	20	10	0	0	0	0
Wolof	10	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	10	0	10	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	20	20	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	810	295	515	60	35	30
American Sign Language	575	170	410	10	0	10
Quebec Sign Language	10	0	10	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	225	130	100	50	30	20
Sino-Tibetan languages	57,620	30,735	26,890	1,030	560	465
Chinese languages	57,535	30,690	26,840	990	540	450
Cantonese	26,955	14,190	12,770	250	140	105
Hakka	30	10	25	10	0	10
Mandarin	29,090	15,730	13,360	605	310	300
Min Dong	30	15	10	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	250	155	90	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	35	20	10	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	1,145	565	580	135	90	40
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	90	50	45	40	25	20
Burmese	10	10	10	15	10	0
Karenic languages	30	10	20	25	20	10
Tibetan	45	30	15	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	235	95	145	15	10	0
Lao	80	40	35	0	0	0
Thai	160	55	105	10	0	10
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	465	315	150	15	10	0
Azerbaijani	15	15	0	0	0	0
Turkish	440	295	140	15	0	0
Uyghur	10	10	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	10	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	420	205	220	10	0	10
Estonian	45	10	35	0	0	0
Finnish	75	25	50	0	0	0
Hungarian	295	165	130	10	0	10
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0	0	0
Multiple responses	144,405	67,215	77,185	2,860	1,315	1,540
English and French	63,665	26,760	36,900	650	235	410
English and non-official language	78,240	39,330	38,910	2,190	1,065	1,125
French and non-official language	175	75	100	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	2,325	1,055	1,270	20	15	0
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	7,579,080	3,895,880	3,683,200	633,320	332,445	300,875
None	6,975,415	3,605,485	3,369,930	613,955	323,280	290,670
English	109,150	48,930	60,220	3,515	1,450	2,070
French	260,050	118,655	141,395	3,800	1,675	2,125
Non-official language	226,490	119,130	107,360	11,880	5,960	5,925
Aboriginal	5,970	2,480	3,490	4,590	2,095	2,490
Non-Aboriginal	220,520	116,650	103,870	7,290	3,860	3,435
English and French	245	100	150	0	0	0
English and non-official language	1,620	780	845	10	0	10
French and non-official language	6,080	2,780	3,300	170	90	85
English, French and non-official language	35	25	10	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	13,106,990	6,403,470	6,703,520	1,055,820	525,975	529,850
Non-movers	11,475,985	5,603,290	5,872,695	905,630	451,665	453,965
Movers	1,631,005	800,180	830,820	150,195	74,310	75,880
Non-migrants	941,380	460,170	481,210	89,005	43,990	45,015
Migrants	689,625	340,015	349,610	61,185	30,320	30,865
Internal migrants	535,180	263,055	272,120	49,930	24,855	25,075
Intraprovincial migrants	467,890	229,080	238,810	35,965	17,690	18,275
Interprovincial migrants	67,290	33,980	33,315	13,970	7,165	6,805
External migrants	154,445	76,955	77,490	11,255	5,465	5,790
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	12,546,040	6,116,715	6,429,325	998,200	496,505	501,695
Non-movers	7,887,825	3,845,945	4,041,880	602,890	300,715	302,175
Movers	4,658,215	2,270,770	2,387,445	395,310	195,790	199,520
Non-migrants	2,545,875	1,238,055	1,307,820	201,450	99,955	101,495
Migrants	2,112,340	1,032,710	1,079,630	193,860	95,835	98,025
Internal migrants	1,562,375	761,630	800,740	147,360	72,815	74,540
Intraprovincial migrants	1,380,900	672,540	708,360	98,780	47,825	50,950
Interprovincial migrants	181,480	89,090	92,390	48,585	24,995	23,590
External migrants	549,965	271,080	278,885	46,500	23,015	23,485

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

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Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

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Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

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Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 35 referrer

Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 36 referrer

Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 37 referrer

Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 38 referrer

Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

Return to footnote 39 referrer

Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Return to footnote 43 referrer

Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 53 referrer

Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Return to footnote 181 referrer

Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Ontario [Province] and Saskatchewan [Province] (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 23, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Ontario [Province] and Saskatchewan [Province]

Census Profile, 2016 Census Ontario [Province] and Saskatchewan [Province]

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Ontario [Province] and Saskatchewan [Province]