Census Profile, 2016 Census
Niagara West [Federal electoral district], Ontario and L'Épiphanie [Population centre], Quebec

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Niagara West Ontario [Federal electoral district]			L'Épiphanie Quebec [Population centre]
	Data quality , Niagara West [Federal electoral district], Ontario Map : Niagara West [Federal electoral district], Ontario Change geography 1			Data quality : L'Épiphanie [Population centre], Quebec Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	90,838	...	...	7,225	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	86,533	...	...	7,090^r	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	5.0	...	...	1.9	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	34,827	...	...	2,918	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	33,588	...	...	2,818	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	91.8	...	...	743.7	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	989.15	...	...	9.72	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	90,840	44,730	46,105	7,225	3,555	3,675
0 to 14 years	15,440	7,930	7,505	1,520	765	755
0 to 4 years	4,805	2,450	2,350	535	280	255
5 to 9 years	5,240	2,705	2,540	540	265	275
10 to 14 years	5,395	2,780	2,615	445	225	220
15 to 64 years	57,295	28,375	28,920	4,755	2,375	2,380
15 to 19 years	5,620	2,835	2,785	400	190	210
20 to 24 years	5,230	2,715	2,520	480	245	235
25 to 29 years	4,285	2,200	2,085	505	265	240
30 to 34 years	4,500	2,205	2,290	540	270	265
35 to 39 years	5,000	2,420	2,575	500	230	275
40 to 44 years	5,565	2,715	2,855	440	225	220
45 to 49 years	6,115	2,950	3,165	460	225	235
50 to 54 years	7,505	3,700	3,805	595	295	300
55 to 59 years	7,030	3,475	3,550	485	250	235
60 to 64 years	6,455	3,165	3,285	350	180	170
65 years and over	18,110	8,425	9,680	945	410	540
65 to 69 years	5,715	2,760	2,955	295	140	155
70 to 74 years	4,470	2,235	2,235	235	120	120
75 to 79 years	3,115	1,490	1,625	170	75	90
80 to 84 years	2,350	1,080	1,265	100	35	65
85 years and over	2,455	860	1,595	150	45	105
85 to 89 years	1,505	595	910	95	35	60
90 to 94 years	725	210	515	35	5	35
95 to 99 years	200	55	145	15	5	10
100 years and over	30	0	25	0	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	17.0	17.7	16.3	21.0	21.5	20.5
15 to 64 years	63.1	63.4	62.7	65.8	66.8	64.8
65 years and over	19.9	18.8	21.0	13.1	11.5	14.7
85 years and over	2.7	1.9	3.5	2.1	1.3	2.9
Average age of the population	42.7	41.8	43.6	37.6	36.7	38.5
Median age of the population	44.8	43.8	45.7	36.4	35.6	37.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	33,585	...	...	2,820	...	...
Single-detached house	25,915	...	...	1,635	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	415	...	...	0	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	7,200	...	...	1,185	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,285	...	...	270	...	...
Row house	3,735	...	...	125	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	430	...	...	255	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	1,620	...	...	525	...	...
Other single-attached house	130	...	...	20	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	55	...	...	5	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	33,590	...	...	2,815	...	...
1 person	6,530	...	...	720	...	...
2 persons	12,850	...	...	940	...	...
3 persons	5,250	...	...	515	...	...
4 persons	5,590	...	...	410	...	...
5 or more persons	3,365	...	...	230	...	...
Number of persons in private households	89,010	...	...	7,040	...	...
Average household size	2.7	...	...	2.5	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	75,400	36,800	38,600	5,705	2,785	2,920
Married or living common law	49,275	24,715	24,560	3,380	1,685	1,695
Married	43,730	21,940	21,790	1,485	735	750
Living common law	5,540	2,770	2,770	1,895	950	940
Not married and not living common law	26,125	12,085	14,035	2,325	1,100	1,230
Never married	16,470	8,930	7,540	1,570	845	725
Separated	1,860	820	1,040	70	40	35
Divorced	3,265	1,335	1,925	355	145	205
Widowed	4,530	990	3,535	335	70	265
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	27,155	...	...	2,055	...	...
2 persons	13,720	...	...	975	...	...
3 persons	5,260	...	...	510	...	...
4 persons	5,525	...	...	390	...	...
5 or more persons	2,650	...	...	190	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	27,155	...	...	2,050	...	...
Total couple families	24,170	...	...	1,660	...	...
Married couples	21,400	...	...	715	...	...
Common-law couples	2,770	...	...	950	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	2,990	...	...	390	...	...
Female parent	2,290	...	...	280	...	...
Male parent	700	...	...	110	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	24,170	...	...	1,660	...	...
Couples without children	11,985	...	...	770	...	...
Couples with children	12,185	...	...	895	...	...
1 child	4,345	...	...	375	...	...
2 children	5,255	...	...	350	...	...
3 or more children	2,590	...	...	170	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	2,990	...	...	390	...	...
1 child	1,740	...	...	210	...	...
2 children	915	...	...	130	...	...
3 or more children	330	...	...	55	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	9,250	4,175	5,080	1,040	540	495
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	33,590	...	...	2,815	...	...
One-census-family households	25,885	...	...	1,975	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	11,405	...	...	735	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	14,475	...	...	1,240	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	625	...	...	35	...	...
Non-census-family households	7,075	...	...	805	...	...
One-person households	6,530	...	...	715	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	540	...	...	85	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	89,440	44,255	45,175	7,045	3,505	3,540
English only	83,985	41,990	41,995	15	5	5
French only	10	5	5	5,080	2,400	2,675
English and French	5,130	2,070	3,060	1,950	1,090	860
Neither English nor French	320	195	115	5	5	0
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	89,435	44,260	45,175	7,045	3,505	3,540
English	87,855	43,485	44,365	70	40	30
French	1,185	535	645	6,950	3,450	3,495
English and French	95	40	55	25	15	15
Neither English nor French	305	195	110	0	0	0
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	1,230	555	675	80	45	35
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	1.4	1.3	1.5	1.1	1.3	1.0
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	89,440	44,255	45,175	7,045	3,505	3,545
Single responses	88,610	43,870	44,740	7,000	3,475	3,525
Official languages	79,020	39,170	39,855	6,885	3,420	3,460
English	77,745	38,590	39,155	55	35	25
French	1,270	575	695	6,825	3,390	3,430
Non-official languages	9,590	4,705	4,890	115	50	65
Aboriginal languages	5	0	5	5	0	0
Algonquian languages	5	0	0	0	5	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	5	0	5	0	5	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	5	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	5	0	5	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	9,585	4,700	4,885	115	50	65
Afro-Asiatic languages	180	95	80	10	5	5
Berber languages	0	0	0	5	5	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	180	95	85	5	0	5
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	135	70	65	5	5	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	15	10	5	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	5	0	5	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	10	5	5	0	0	0
Maltese	15	10	10	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	65	30	35	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	5	5	0	0	0
Vietnamese	50	20	25	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	140	30	110	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	10	5	5	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	5	0	5	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	5	0	5	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	115	25	95	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	15	10	5	5	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0	5	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	35	20	25	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	10	5	5	0	0	0
Tamil	25	10	15	0	0	0
Telugu	5	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	8,380	4,160	4,220	90	35	50
Albanian	10	10	5	0	0	0
Armenian	25	15	10	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	2,275	1,060	1,220	5	0	0
Baltic languages	55	25	30	0	0	0
Latvian	30	15	15	0	0	0
Lithuanian	30	10	15	0	0	0
Slavic languages	2,220	1,030	1,190	0	0	0
Belarusan	5	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	15	5	5	0	0	0
Bulgarian	10	5	10	5	0	5
Croatian	410	210	205	0	0	0
Czech	55	20	30	0	0	0
Macedonian	15	10	10	0	0	0
Polish	780	355	425	0	0	0
Russian	120	50	75	0	0	0
Serbian	215	105	105	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	20	5	10	0	0	0
Slovak	80	30	50	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	150	75	75	0	0	0
Ukrainian	335	150	185	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	5	0	0	0
Celtic languages	5	5	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	5	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	3,325	1,585	1,735	0	0	5
Afrikaans	30	15	15	0	0	0
Danish	45	20	25	0	0	0
Dutch	2,040	985	1,050	0	0	0
Frisian	40	20	20	0	0	0
German	1,120	525	595	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	5	5	5	0	0	0
Swedish	30	5	20	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	5	10	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	185	95	95	5	0	5
Indo-Iranian languages	360	180	175	5	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	310	155	160	0	0	0
Bengali	10	5	5	0	0	0
Gujarati	40	20	20	0	0	0
Hindi	40	15	25	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	5	0	0	0	0
Marathi	5	5	5	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	130	60	70	0	0	0
Sindhi	5	5	5	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	75	40	35	0	0	0
Iranian languages	45	30	15	0	0	0
Kurdish	5	0	0	5	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	40	25	15	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,190	1,215	970	75	35	40
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	1,180	645	530	15	10	5
Portuguese	365	185	185	5	0	5
Romanian	105	50	55	15	10	10
Spanish	535	330	200	35	15	25
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0	0	0
Japanese	25	10	15	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	85	40	45	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	20	10	10	5	5	5
Akan (Twi)	5	5	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	5	0	5	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	5	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	5	0	5	0	0	5
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	5	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	15	5	10	0	0	0
American Sign Language	10	5	5	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	5	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	220	100	125	0	0	5
Chinese languages	220	100	120	5	0	0
Cantonese	65	30	35	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	115	55	65	5	0	5
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	15	5	5	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	10	0	5	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	20	10	5	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	5	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	20	5	15	0	0	0
Lao	5	5	0	0	0	0
Thai	15	5	10	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	15	10	5	0	5	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	10	5	10	0	5	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	370	175	195	5	0	5
Estonian	25	10	15	0	0	0
Finnish	40	15	20	0	0	0
Hungarian	305	145	160	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	825	390	435	50	30	20
English and French	160	70	95	35	25	15
English and non-official language	625	295	330	0	0	0
French and non-official language	15	5	5	5	5	5
English, French and non-official language	20	15	5	5	0	0
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	89,435	44,255	45,180	7,050	3,505	3,540
Single responses	87,970	43,565	44,410	7,010	3,490	3,520
Official languages	85,925	42,505	43,425	6,950	3,465	3,485
English	85,650	42,385	43,265	30	15	10
French	280	120	160	6,920	3,450	3,470
Non-official languages	2,050	1,060	990	60	25	35
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	5	0	5	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	2,045	1,055	985	55	20	35
Afro-Asiatic languages	60	25	35	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	60	25	30	5	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	50	20	30	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	10	5	5	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	5	5	5	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	30	15	20	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	5	5	0	0	0
Vietnamese	30	15	15	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	25	10	10	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	5	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	5	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	20	5	15	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	15	5	5	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	5	5	5	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	10	5	10	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	5	0	10	0	0	0
Telugu	0	5	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	1,645	860	780	50	20	30
Albanian	5	0	0	5	0	0
Armenian	5	5	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	590	290	305	0	0	0
Baltic languages	10	5	5	0	0	0
Latvian	5	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	5	5	5	0	0	0
Slavic languages	580	285	295	0	0	0
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	15	10	10	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	115	55	60	0	0	0
Czech	10	0	5	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	215	105	105	0	0	0
Russian	55	30	25	0	0	0
Serbian	60	35	30	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	5	0	5	0	0	0
Slovak	15	5	5	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	35	15	20	0	0	0
Ukrainian	55	25	30	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	250	115	135	0	0	0
Afrikaans	10	5	10	0	0	0
Danish	5	5	0	0	0	0
Dutch	85	35	50	0	0	0
Frisian	5	0	0	0	0	0
German	130	65	70	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	5	5	5	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	70	30	35	0	0	5
Indo-Iranian languages	150	65	85	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	135	60	75	0	0	0
Bengali	5	0	5	0	0	0
Gujarati	10	5	5	0	0	0
Hindi	20	5	10	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	5	0	5	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	70	30	35	0	0	0
Sindhi	5	5	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	20	10	10	0	0	0
Iranian languages	25	5	10	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	25	5	15	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	580	365	220	45	15	25
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	145	70	75	5	0	5
Portuguese	75	35	45	0	0	0
Romanian	35	15	20	15	5	10
Spanish	325	245	80	20	10	15
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0	0	0
Japanese	5	0	0	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	40	20	20	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	15	5	10	0	0	0
American Sign Language	5	0	5	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	10	5	5	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	120	65	60	0	0	0
Chinese languages	120	65	60	5	0	0
Cantonese	25	10	15	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	75	40	35	5	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	0	5	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	0	5	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	15	5	5	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	5	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	5	0	5	5	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	10	0	5	0	0	5
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	70	30	35	0	0	0
Estonian	0	5	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	65	25	35	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	1,465	695	765	40	20	20
English and French	110	40	65	15	5	15
English and non-official language	1,340	645	695	0	0	0
French and non-official language	0	0	0	20	10	10
English, French and non-official language	20	15	5	0	5	0
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	89,435	44,255	45,180	7,045	3,505	3,545
None	84,120	41,830	42,290	6,730	3,335	3,395
English	1,055	510	550	215	120	95
French	775	300	475	35	15	20
Non-official language	3,435	1,600	1,840	55	25	30
Aboriginal	5	5	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	3,425	1,590	1,830	50	20	30
English and French	5	5	0	5	5	5
English and non-official language	15	5	5	10	5	5
French and non-official language	40	15	20	5	5	0
English, French and non-official language	5	0	0	0	0	0
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	73,610	36,105	37,505	5,520	2,735	2,785
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	71,295	35,085	36,210	5,270	2,635	2,640
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	39,074	49,684	30,304	32,889	39,586	26,995
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	71,320	35,090	36,235	5,270	2,630	2,640
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	35,035	43,458	27,740	29,485	34,291	24,923
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	67,055	33,580	33,475	4,605	2,375	2,230
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	35,275	46,191	26,077	29,568	38,167	22,784
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	49,535	22,165	27,375	4,150	1,930	2,215
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	6,225	5,813	6,389	7,431	6,208	8,343
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	54,710	28,780	25,935	3,995	2,095	1,900
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	35,303	44,921	28,069	31,579	39,019	24,832
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	73,575	36,075	37,500	5,515	2,710	2,805
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	71,320	35,130	36,190	5,270	2,625	2,640
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	50,989	61,968	40,332	38,507	45,252	31,807
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	71,340	35,140	36,210	5,265	2,625	2,645
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	42,008	49,950	34,301	32,543	37,217	27,899
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	67,135	33,670	33,470	4,585	2,355	2,230
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	48,363	59,494	37,165	36,424	43,907	28,532
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	49,585	22,295	27,290	4,115	1,870	2,245
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,857	7,795	7,908	8,722	8,289	9,083
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	54,725	28,915	25,810	3,990	2,060	1,925
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	46,872	55,126	37,624	37,218	44,290	29,651
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	73,575	36,080	37,500	5,515	2,710	2,810
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	26,790	15,790	11,000	1,760	985	770
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	59,793	66,943	51,238	44,332	52,785	35,775
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	69,077	76,916	57,827	49,595	56,855	40,377
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	89.3	92.0	85.1	81.8	87.0	74.6
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	70.8	73.6	66.5	72.7	76.7	67.2
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	10.7	8.0	14.9	18.1	13.0	25.4
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	73,610	36,100	37,505	5,520	2,735	2,790
Without total income	2,315	1,020	1,295	250	105	150
With total income	71,295	35,085	36,210	5,270	2,630	2,640
Percentage with total income	96.9	97.2	96.5	95.5	96.2	94.6
Under $10,000 (including loss)	8,780	3,350	5,435	595	240	355
$10,000 to $19,999	10,560	3,650	6,910	930	330	600
$20,000 to $29,999	9,275	3,660	5,615	880	380	495
$30,000 to $39,999	7,740	3,535	4,210	820	390	435
$40,000 to $49,999	7,130	3,465	3,665	610	335	275
$50,000 to $59,999	6,070	3,310	2,755	475	280	195
$60,000 to $69,999	4,820	2,830	1,990	335	225	110
$70,000 to $79,999	3,945	2,450	1,490	260	175	85
$80,000 to $89,999	3,120	2,035	1,085	145	110	35
$90,000 to $99,999	2,750	1,610	1,145	85	65	20
$100,000 and over	7,105	5,195	1,910	140	110	25
$100,000 to $149,999	4,910	3,495	1,415	110	90	25
$150,000 and over	2,195	1,695	495	30	20	10
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	73,610	36,105	37,510	5,520	2,735	2,790
Without after-tax income	2,290	1,020	1,275	250	100	150
With after-tax income	71,320	35,090	36,230	5,275	2,630	2,640
Percentage with after-tax income	96.9	97.2	96.6	95.6	96.2	94.6
Under $10,000 (including loss)	9,200	3,425	5,770	620	245	375
$10,000 to $19,999	11,080	3,840	7,240	985	350	630
$20,000 to $29,999	10,680	4,355	6,330	1,085	495	595
$30,000 to $39,999	9,360	4,415	4,950	985	520	470
$40,000 to $49,999	8,385	4,405	3,980	680	390	290
$50,000 to $59,999	6,495	3,820	2,675	465	305	165
$60,000 to $69,999	4,890	3,145	1,745	235	170	65
$70,000 to $79,999	4,030	2,490	1,535	110	80	35
$80,000 and over	7,200	5,190	2,005	105	85	20
$80,000 to $89,999	2,525	1,680	845	45	35	10
$90,000 to $99,999	1,390	1,025	370	25	20	5
$100,000 and over	3,285	2,495	795	40	30	10
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	73,610	36,105	37,505	5,520	2,735	2,785
Without employment income	18,900	7,325	11,570	1,530	645	880
With employment income	54,710	28,775	25,935	3,995	2,090	1,900
Percentage with employment income	74.3	79.7	69.2	72.4	76.4	68.2
Under $5,000 (including loss)	8,780	4,655	4,120	410	195	220
$5,000 to $9,999	4,225	1,795	2,430	295	100	190
$10,000 to $19,999	6,730	2,785	3,945	630	255	375
$20,000 to $29,999	5,160	2,165	2,990	580	250	330
$30,000 to $39,999	4,780	2,010	2,770	560	280	280
$40,000 to $49,999	4,330	1,960	2,370	440	250	190
$50,000 to $59,999	4,100	2,305	1,800	335	225	110
$60,000 to $69,999	3,370	2,025	1,345	255	170	80
$70,000 to $79,999	2,845	1,835	1,005	220	145	75
$80,000 and over	10,395	7,250	3,145	275	225	50
$80,000 to $89,999	2,405	1,560	845	115	90	20
$90,000 to $99,999	2,445	1,395	1,055	55	45	5
$100,000 and over	5,540	4,295	1,245	110	85	25
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	33,590	...	...	2,820	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	90,481	...	...	62,566	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	78,185	...	...	54,955	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	6,530	...	...	720	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	40,837	...	...	30,131	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	36,391	...	...	27,392	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	27,055	...	...	2,100	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	103,260	...	...	76,743	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	88,649	...	...	66,188	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	33,570	...	...	2,815	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	108,333	...	...	72,162	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	89,276	...	...	60,985	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	6,490	...	...	705	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	52,617	...	...	35,795	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	44,044	...	...	30,467	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	27,080	...	...	2,105	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	121,679	...	...	84,331	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	100,111	...	...	71,197	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	33,590	...	...	2,815	...	...
Under $5,000	285	...	...	25	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	175	...	...	30	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	365	...	...	85	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	600	...	...	150	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	960	...	...	120	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	865	...	...	125	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	950	...	...	145	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,130	...	...	155	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,130	...	...	125	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,110	...	...	125	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,355	...	...	265	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,315	...	...	230	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,235	...	...	220	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,225	...	...	185	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,170	...	...	170	...	...
$100,000 and over	14,730	...	...	675	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,530	...	...	325	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,305	...	...	185	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	3,900	...	...	115	...	...
$200,000 and over	2,995	...	...	45	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	33,590	...	...	2,820	...	...
Under $5,000	315	...	...	25	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	185	...	...	30	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	375	...	...	90	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	645	...	...	160	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,085	...	...	140	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	965	...	...	140	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,120	...	...	190	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,305	...	...	165	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,395	...	...	170	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,425	...	...	145	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,890	...	...	325	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,825	...	...	270	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,805	...	...	235	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,720	...	...	220	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,320	...	...	170	...	...
$100,000 and over	11,230	...	...	345	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,555	...	...	205	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,845	...	...	80	...	...
$150,000 and over	3,825	...	...	60	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	26,720	...	...	2,040	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	102,952	...	...	76,032	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	88,387	...	...	65,595	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	11,170	...	...	705	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	86,207	...	...	67,883	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	75,069	...	...	58,667	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	12,295	...	...	900	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	129,918	...	...	96,128	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	109,476	...	...	82,609	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	4.1	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	2,715	...	...	375	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	65,472	...	...	44,224	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	58,714	...	...	41,318	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	26,735	...	...	2,065	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	121,513	...	...	84,338	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	99,888	...	...	71,094	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	11,215	...	...	715	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	105,398	...	...	76,961	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	86,498	...	...	64,587	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	12,270	...	...	890	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	146,018	...	...	103,489	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	119,725	...	...	86,398	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,755	...	...	395	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	77,817	...	...	54,651	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	65,782	...	...	48,147	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	7,875	3,640	4,235	895	480	420
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	38,485	43,307	34,620	28,864	34,944	22,720
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	34,551	38,040	31,707	26,288	30,624	22,144
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	7,850	3,595	4,265	855	440	415
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	49,369	53,438	45,942	33,962	37,863	29,812
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	41,532	43,934	39,509	29,140	31,342	26,796
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	89,015	44,015	45,000	7,045	3,505	3,540
In the bottom half of the distribution	32,515	15,520	16,995	4,420	2,140	2,275
In the bottom decile	3,775	1,805	1,970	650	300	345
In the second decile	5,125	2,245	2,875	860	400	465
In the third decile	7,085	3,325	3,755	985	490	495
In the fourth decile	7,495	3,685	3,815	955	475	485
In the fifth decile	9,030	4,455	4,580	965	480	490
In the top half of the distribution	56,500	28,490	28,005	2,625	1,360	1,265
In the sixth decile	9,720	4,830	4,890	835	440	395
In the seventh decile	10,940	5,440	5,505	685	355	330
In the eighth decile	11,860	6,000	5,860	580	305	280
In the ninth decile	12,875	6,550	6,325	395	195	195
In the top decile	11,095	5,670	5,425	125	65	60
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	89,015	44,010	44,995	7,045	3,505	3,540
0 to 17 years	18,725	9,575	9,150	1,780	890	885
0 to 5 years	5,825	2,980	2,845	650	330	315
18 to 64 years	53,520	26,405	27,115	4,490	2,250	2,240
65 years and over	16,765	8,035	8,730	775	365	415
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	5,905	2,695	3,205	1,085	490	590
0 to 17 years	1,420	720	695	300	155	140
0 to 5 years	420	205	220	80	50	40
18 to 64 years	3,350	1,560	1,795	600	275	325
65 years and over	1,140	420	720	180	60	120
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	6.6	6.1	7.1	15.4	14.0	16.7
0 to 17 years (%)	7.6	7.5	7.6	16.9	17.4	15.8
0 to 5 years (%)	7.2	6.9	7.7	12.3	15.2	12.7
18 to 64 years (%)	6.3	5.9	6.6	13.4	12.2	14.5
65 years and over (%)	6.8	5.2	8.2	23.2	16.4	28.9
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	2,740	1,325	1,415	370	180	185
0 to 17 years	620	325	290	85	45	45
0 to 5 years	175	95	80	20	10	15
18 to 64 years	1,795	880	920	270	130	140
65 years and over	325	125	205	10	10	0
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.1	3.0	3.1	5.3	5.1	5.2
0 to 17 years (%)	3.3	3.4	3.2	4.8	5.1	5.1
0 to 5 years (%)	3.0	3.2	2.8	3.1	3.0	4.8
18 to 64 years (%)	3.4	3.3	3.4	6.0	5.8	6.3
65 years and over (%)	1.9	1.6	2.3	1.3	2.7	0.0
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	88,960	43,960	44,995	7,045	3,505	3,535
Official languages	88,655	43,780	44,875	7,040	3,500	3,535
English	88,650	43,775	44,875	1,905	1,040	870
French	5,110	2,040	3,065	7,025	3,505	3,520
Non-official languages	11,955	5,770	6,185	220	90	130
Aboriginal languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	10	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	10	10	10	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	11,945	5,765	6,180	215	85	130
Afro-Asiatic languages	215	90	125	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	210	95	120	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	180	75	100	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	10	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	25	10	15	0	0	0
Maltese	20	10	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	95	40	50	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	90	40	50	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	185	35	150	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	10	0	10	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	10	10	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	15	0	20	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	160	40	130	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	25	0	15	0	0	10
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0	0	10
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	35	20	20	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	30	15	15	0	0	0
Telugu	10	10	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	10,460	5,165	5,300	190	75	110
Albanian	15	0	10	10	0	0
Armenian	35	25	10	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	2,700	1,305	1,390	0	0	0
Baltic languages	70	35	35	0	0	0
Latvian	45	20	20	0	0	0
Lithuanian	20	10	10	0	0	0
Slavic languages	2,630	1,275	1,360	0	0	0
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	65	35	35	0	0	0
Bulgarian	10	0	15	0	0	0
Croatian	520	275	245	0	0	0
Czech	55	20	40	0	0	0
Macedonian	45	25	20	0	0	0
Polish	970	455	515	0	0	0
Russian	195	100	100	0	0	0
Serbian	330	190	140	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	35	20	10	0	0	0
Slovak	50	20	35	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	140	75	65	0	0	0
Ukrainian	420	175	240	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0	0	0
Celtic languages	15	10	10	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	10	10	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0	0	0
Germanic languages	3,915	1,885	2,035	0	0	0
Afrikaans	65	35	30	0	0	0
Danish	60	30	30	0	0	0
Dutch	2,360	1,135	1,225	0	0	0
Frisian	90	50	40	0	0	0
German	1,345	660	685	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	25	15	10	0	0	0
Swedish	75	15	55	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	10	0	0	0
Greek	255	140	120	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	425	210	215	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	335	165	170	0	0	0
Bengali	20	10	10	0	0	0
Gujarati	60	35	30	0	0	0
Hindi	110	55	60	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	10	10	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	135	75	60	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	10	0	0	0	0
Urdu	120	60	60	0	0	0
Iranian languages	95	40	50	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	10	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	90	40	55	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	3,285	1,695	1,595	180	75	105
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	1,845	920	920	35	30	10
Portuguese	455	245	205	15	0	15
Romanian	135	65	70	10	10	10
Spanish	930	475	450	130	40	90
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	10	10	0	0	0
Japanese	70	35	40	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	125	60	60	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	75	40	35	10	10	10
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	10	0	10
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	10	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	50	30	20	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	15	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	70	15	55	0	0	0
American Sign Language	35	10	25	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	40	10	30	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	320	155	165	10	0	10
Chinese languages	320	155	165	10	0	10
Cantonese	100	45	50	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	195	95	100	10	0	10
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	25	10	15	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	25	15	10	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	30	20	15	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	60	35	25	10	0	0
Lao	10	10	0	0	10	0
Thai	45	20	25	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	30	10	15	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	20	10	15	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	345	145	200	0	0	0
Estonian	15	10	10	0	0	0
Finnish	50	15	40	0	0	0
Hungarian	275	125	155	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	15	0	0	0	0	0
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	88,960	43,960	45,000	7,045	3,505	3,535
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	86,750	42,875	43,875	6,985	3,495	3,490
Canadian citizens aged under 18	18,540	9,385	9,155	1,780	910	870
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	68,210	33,490	34,720	5,205	2,585	2,615
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	2,210	1,085	1,125	60	15	50
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	88,960	43,960	45,000	7,045	3,505	3,535
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	76,745	37,920	38,825	6,885	3,440	3,445
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	11,850	5,795	6,055	155	60	90
Before 1981	7,795	3,940	3,855	20	15	10
1981 to 1990	1,330	640	685	20	10	10
1991 to 2000	1,185	530	650	30	10	15
2001 to 2010	1,165	515	655	70	25	45
2001 to 2005	635	260	370	15	10	10
2006 to 2010	540	250	285	55	25	35
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	375	175	200	10	0	10
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	365	240	120	10	0	0
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	11,850	5,795	6,055	150	65	90
Under 5 years	2,030	990	1,035	0	0	0
5 to 14 years	2,855	1,530	1,320	35	0	30
15 to 24 years	3,170	1,475	1,695	40	10	25
25 to 44 years	3,335	1,595	1,740	70	40	25
45 years and over	460	200	260	15	10	10
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	11,850	5,800	6,055	155	65	90
Americas	1,570	685	885	25	0	25
Brazil	30	15	15	10	0	0
Colombia	60	15	45	0	0	0
El Salvador	15	0	15	0	0	0
Guyana	65	30	30	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	125	80	45	0	0	0
Mexico	60	25	35	10	0	0
Peru	35	20	15	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	50	35	15	0	0	0
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	860	300	555	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	270	155	120	15	0	15
Europe	8,710	4,420	4,290	60	30	30
Bosnia and Herzegovina	90	35	55	0	0	0
Croatia	300	165	135	0	0	0
France	35	15	25	20	10	10
Germany	575	280	295	0	0	0
Greece	95	50	50	0	0	0
Hungary	125	50	75	0	0	0
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	120	50	70	0	0	0
Italy	725	425	295	10	10	0
Netherlands	1,940	1,030	915	0	0	0
Poland	550	235	315	0	0	0
Portugal	185	110	75	0	0	0
Romania	135	55	75	10	10	0
Russian Federation	95	40	55	0	0	0
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	95	45	55	0	0	0
Ukraine	75	45	30	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	2,980	1,535	1,445	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	575	245	330	30	10	15
Africa	235	120	115	55	20	30
Algeria	0	0	0	0	10	0
Egypt	35	15	20	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenya	20	10	10	0	0	0
Morocco	10	0	0	0	0	0
Nigeria	10	10	0	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	100	45	50	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	60	35	25	50	20	30
Asia	1,225	525	700	10	0	0
Afghanistan	50	20	30	0	0	0
Bangladesh	10	10	10	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	185	65	125	10	0	0
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	25	0	20	0	0	0
India	185	95	95	0	0	0
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	20	20	0	0	0	0
Iraq	35	15	15	0	0	0
Japan	30	15	20	0	0	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	95	50	50	0	0	0
Lebanon	20	10	10	0	0	0
Pakistan	70	40	30	0	0	0
Philippines	160	40	115	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	20	15	10	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	45	15	25	0	0	0
Taiwan	10	0	10	0	0	0
Viet Nam	75	30	40	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	195	90	105	0	0	0
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	110	45	60	0	0	0
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	375	170	195	10	0	10
Americas	95	45	50	10	0	10
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Colombia	20	10	15	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mexico	10	0	10	0	0	0
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	50	30	25	0	0	0
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	10	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	10	0	10	0	10
Europe	135	70	65	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	75	35	40	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	60	40	25	10	0	10
Africa	10	0	10	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	10	0	0	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0	0	0
Asia	115	30	85	0	0	0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	25	10	15	0	0	0
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	0	0	0	0	0	0
India	20	0	15	0	0	0
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	10	0	10	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Philippines	15	10	10	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	15	0	15	0	0	0
Taiwan	10	0	10	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	10	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	25	10	15	0	0	0
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	15	15	0	0	0	0
Australia	15	15	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	88,960	43,960	45,000	7,045	3,505	3,535
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	12,625	6,265	6,360	165	65	95
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	22,025	10,595	11,425	245	110	130
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	54,315	27,100	27,210	6,640	3,330	3,310
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	4,225	1,945	2,280	130	50	80
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	1,810	945	865	85	30	55
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	745	530	215	35	20	15
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	1,070	415	650	55	15	40
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	1,815	705	1,115	30	0	25
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	545	260	285	20	10	0
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	50	35	15	0	0	0
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	88,960	43,960	44,995	7,045	3,510	3,540
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	1,480	695	785	95	40	55
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	1,395	665	730	95	40	55
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	865	435	430	65	20	45
Métis	515	225	295	35	20	10
Inuk (Inuit)	15	10	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	20	0	15	0	0	0
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	65	25	40	10	10	0
Non-Aboriginal identity	87,480	43,265	44,215	6,945	3,460	3,485
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	88,960	43,960	45,000	7,045	3,510	3,535
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	435	245	190	25	0	20
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	88,530	43,715	44,810	7,020	3,500	3,515
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	88,960	43,960	45,000	7,045	3,505	3,540
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	215	105	110	45	30	20
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	200	105	95	50	30	20
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	140	75	65	30	20	10
Métis single ancestry	50	30	25	15	15	0
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	15	0	10	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	10	10	10	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	2,360	1,140	1,215	195	100	95
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	2,315	1,125	1,190	195	100	95
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	1,750	880	870	180	90	90
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	565	245	320	15	10	0
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	10	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	45	15	25	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	45	15	25	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	10	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	86,380	42,710	43,675	6,795	3,375	3,425
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	88,960	43,960	45,000	7,045	3,505	3,540
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	3,605	1,790	1,815	185	85	100
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	725	380	345	0	0	0
Chinese	455	190	260	10	0	10
Black	620	345	275	105	55	50
Filipino	275	95	180	0	0	0
Latin American	530	310	220	40	10	30
Arab	95	45	45	10	0	0
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	235	110	125	0	10	10
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	95	50	50	0	0	0
Korean	130	55	70	0	0	0
Japanese	170	70	100	0	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	130	65	65	0	0	0
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	150	75	80	25	15	10
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	85,360	42,170	43,190	6,860	3,420	3,430
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	88,960	43,960	45,000	7,040	3,505	3,535
North American Aboriginal origins	2,575	1,250	1,325	245	135	115
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,940	975	970	215	110	105
Inuit	20	10	15	0	0	0
Métis	670	290	380	35	25	10
Other North American origins	24,900	12,140	12,755	5,755	2,880	2,875
Acadian	115	60	55	30	20	10
American	1,205	555	650	35	25	10
Canadian	24,075	11,765	12,305	5,550	2,760	2,785
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	10	10	0
Newfoundlander	30	10	15	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ontarian	10	0	10	10	0	0
Québécois	35	20	15	270	150	120
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	0	0	0	0	0	0
European origins	75,670	37,280	38,390	2,125	1,065	1,060
British Isles origins	44,475	21,505	22,965	470	245	220
Channel Islander	30	15	15	0	0	0
Cornish	10	0	0	0	0	0
English	27,225	13,115	14,115	45	20	25
Irish	15,840	7,305	8,530	400	215	190
Manx	15	10	0	0	0	0
Scottish	18,915	9,250	9,665	85	50	30
Welsh	1,875	885	985	0	0	0
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	2,750	1,270	1,485	0	0	0
French origins	8,370	3,985	4,380	1,450	735	710
Alsatian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	15	0	10
Corsican	0	0	0	20	15	10
French	8,360	3,980	4,375	1,410	720	690
Western European origins (except French origins)	27,180	13,585	13,595	100	45	55
Austrian	655	340	310	0	0	0
Bavarian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Belgian	285	125	160	50	20	25
Dutch	14,980	7,585	7,400	0	0	0
Flemish	25	10	20	0	0	0
Frisian	165	85	80	0	0	0
German	12,725	6,290	6,435	40	20	30
Luxembourger	10	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss	535	235	295	10	10	10
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	10	0	0	0	0	0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	1,885	850	1,035	10	10	0
Danish	590	285	305	10	0	10
Finnish	245	110	135	0	0	0
Icelandic	100	45	60	0	0	0
Norwegian	405	195	210	10	10	0
Swedish	625	245	375	0	0	0
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	75	45	30	0	0	0
Eastern European origins	13,725	6,855	6,870	75	45	25
Bulgarian	110	35	75	0	0	0
Byelorussian	30	10	20	0	0	0
Czech	360	200	165	10	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	210	100	110	0	0	0
Estonian	105	45	60	0	0	0
Hungarian	2,470	1,235	1,235	15	15	10
Latvian	135	80	55	0	0	0
Lithuanian	250	115	130	10	0	10
Moldovan	10	10	10	0	0	0
Polish	5,310	2,595	2,710	20	20	0
Romanian	520	245	275	10	0	10
Russian	1,275	635	640	0	0	0
Slovak	535	275	265	0	0	0
Ukrainian	4,800	2,480	2,320	10	0	10
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	45	25	15	15	10	10
Southern European origins	13,320	6,695	6,620	370	185	185
Albanian	15	0	10	10	0	10
Bosnian	90	45	45	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	1,410	735	670	0	0	0
Cypriot	10	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	745	375	370	0	0	0
Italian	8,340	4,160	4,175	285	155	135
Kosovar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	85	50	35	0	0	0
Maltese	190	65	125	0	0	0
Montenegrin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	1,130	590	540	10	0	10
Serbian	645	360	285	0	0	0
Sicilian	30	10	15	0	0	0
Slovenian	560	300	265	0	0	0
Spanish	640	290	355	65	25	40
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	270	135	135	0	0	0
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other European origins	235	120	120	15	10	10
Basque	0	0	0	15	0	10
Jewish	140	75	70	0	0	0
Roma (Gypsy)	10	10	10	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	80	35	40	0	0	0
Caribbean origins	695	335	355	45	20	30
Antiguan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bahamian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Barbadian	75	45	35	0	0	0
Bermudan	15	10	15	0	0	0
Carib	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuban	55	30	20	0	0	0
Dominican	10	10	0	25	10	25
Grenadian	50	30	20	0	0	0
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	35	20	10	35	20	15
Jamaican	375	155	220	0	0	0
Kittitian/Nevisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Martinican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montserratan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	15	0	10	0	0	0
St. Lucian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	55	35	25	0	0	0
Vincentian/Grenadinian	15	10	10	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	40	25	10	0	0	0
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	10	10	10	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins	930	535	405	55	10	40
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	10	0	10	0	0	0
Arawak	10	0	10	0	0	0
Argentinian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Belizean	10	10	10	0	0	0
Bolivian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Brazilian	60	25	35	20	10	20
Chilean	50	20	25	0	0	0
Colombian	130	50	85	15	0	10
Costa Rican	35	20	15	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	20	0	20	0	0	0
Guatemalan	20	15	0	0	0	0
Guyanese	135	60	70	0	0	0
Hispanic	10	10	10	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maya	20	10	15	0	0	0
Mexican	275	225	55	10	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	10	0	10
Panamanian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Paraguayan	25	25	0	0	0	0
Peruvian	30	10	20	25	0	20
Salvadorean	35	15	20	0	0	0
Uruguayan	10	0	0	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	10	0	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	70	25	40	0	0	0
African origins	535	280	255	105	55	50
Central and West African origins	75	40	35	50	40	15
Akan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Angolan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ashanti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burkinabe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congolese	35	15	20	25	15	10
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gabonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0	25	20	10
Ibo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Liberian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malinké	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	20	20	10	0	0	0
Peulh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sierra Leonean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Togolese	10	0	10	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	10	0	0	0	0	0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	0	0	10	0	0	0
North African origins	125	55	70	20	0	10
Algerian	10	10	10	10	10	0
Berber	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	90	45	45	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maure	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moroccan	25	10	15	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	10	10	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins	205	90	110	0	0	0
Afrikaner	0	0	10	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Djiboutian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	20	0	20	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mauritian	30	10	20	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Seychellois	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
South African	135	60	70	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	10	10	0	0	0	0
Zambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	10	0	0	0	0	0
Zulu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	0	10	0	0	0	0
Other African origins	145	90	45	35	10	25
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	15	0	10	0	0	0
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	125	85	40	35	10	25
Asian origins	2,925	1,395	1,525	70	30	35
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	615	325	295	25	10	15
Afghan	50	20	30	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	0	10	0	0	0	0
Armenian	110	75	35	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	15	10	10	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hazara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian	90	50	40	0	0	0
Iraqi	50	30	20	0	0	0
Israeli	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurd	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kuwaiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanese	165	75	90	10	10	0
Palestinian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saudi Arabian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Syrian	70	40	25	15	0	10
Tajik	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tatar	10	0	0	0	0	0
Turk	80	40	40	0	0	0
Turkmen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uighur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	15	10	10	0	0	0
South Asian origins	845	445	395	0	0	0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	20	10	10	0	0	0
Bhutanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
East Indian	685	365	315	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistani	95	30	65	0	0	0
Punjabi	25	15	15	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	45	30	10	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	0	0	0	0	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins	1,475	630	845	40	20	25
Burmese	10	0	0	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	30	20	10	0	0	0
Chinese	535	245	285	10	0	10
Filipino	385	140	240	0	0	0
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	30	10	20	0	0	0
Japanese	200	85	115	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	140	60	80	0	0	0
Laotian	25	20	10	0	10	10
Malaysian	25	0	15	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	60	30	30	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	110	50	70	25	10	10
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other Asian origins	10	0	0	0	0	0
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	10	0	0	0	0	0
Oceania origins	190	95	95	0	0	0
Australian	125	70	55	0	0	0
New Zealander	50	20	30	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins	15	10	10	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	10	0	0	0
Hawaiian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maori	10	0	0	0	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Samoan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	33,570	...	...	2,815	...	...
Owner	29,500	...	...	1,870	...	...
Renter	4,070	...	...	940	...	...
Band housing	0	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	33,570	...	...	2,810	...	...
Condominium	2,345	...	...	135	...	...
Not condominium	31,220	...	...	2,680	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	33,570	...	...	2,810	...	...
No bedrooms	40	...	...	0	...	...
1 bedroom	1,565	...	...	310	...	...
2 bedrooms	5,925	...	...	920	...	...
3 bedrooms	15,530	...	...	930	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	10,515	...	...	655	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	33,565	...	...	2,810	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	3,280	...	...	815	...	...
5 rooms	4,095	...	...	475	...	...
6 rooms	5,635	...	...	355	...	...
7 rooms	5,615	...	...	415	...	...
8 or more rooms	14,945	...	...	745	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	7.3	...	...	6.2	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	33,565	...	...	2,810	...	...
One person or fewer per room	33,450	...	...	2,800	...	...
More than 1 person per room	115	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	33,565	...	...	2,810	...	...
Suitable	32,820	...	...	2,715	...	...
Not suitable	750	...	...	95	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	33,570	...	...	2,810	...	...
1960 or before	8,710	...	...	385	...	...
1961 to 1980	7,965	...	...	735	...	...
1981 to 1990	4,405	...	...	400	...	...
1991 to 2000	4,785	...	...	410	...	...
2001 to 2005	2,770	...	...	215	...	...
2006 to 2010	2,510	...	...	430	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	2,415	...	...	245	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	33,570	...	...	2,810	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	31,910	...	...	2,665	...	...
Major repairs needed	1,660	...	...	145	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	33,570	...	...	2,810	...	...
1 household maintainer	17,275	...	...	1,660	...	...
2 household maintainers	15,840	...	...	1,120	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	455	...	...	30	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	33,570	...	...	2,810	...	...
15 to 24 years	290	...	...	80	...	...
25 to 34 years	3,155	...	...	610	...	...
35 to 44 years	5,165	...	...	525	...	...
45 to 54 years	7,325	...	...	615	...	...
55 to 64 years	7,425	...	...	515	...	...
65 to 74 years	5,755	...	...	290	...	...
75 to 84 years	3,365	...	...	130	...	...
85 years and over	1,085	...	...	55	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	32,590	...	...	2,810	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	26,935	...	...	2,240	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	5,655	...	...	570	...	...
30% to less than 100%	5,075	...	...	520	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	28,620	...	...	1,870	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	58.8	...	...	79.1	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	14.5	...	...	14.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,253	...	...	1,166	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,379	...	...	1,154	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	399,377	...	...	219,698	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	431,578	...	...	231,312	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	4,010	...	...	940	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	9.6	...	...	17.5	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	38.1	...	...	30.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	967	...	...	727	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,038	...	...	742	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	73,575	36,075	37,500	5,515	2,710	2,810
No certificate, diploma or degree	11,320	5,810	5,505	1,570	765	800
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	21,165	10,030	11,135	1,190	580	610
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	41,085	20,235	20,855	2,750	1,360	1,395
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	6,135	4,760	1,375	1,325	860	465
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	2,530	1,670	860	970	525	445
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	3,600	3,085	515	355	335	20
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	18,790	8,260	10,535	820	275	545
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,225	540	690	135	45	90
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	14,930	6,675	8,260	475	180	300
Bachelor's degree	10,340	4,560	5,780	370	130	245
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,050	455	590	25	15	15
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	465	285	175	15	10	10
Master's degree	2,690	1,170	1,520	50	20	30
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	390	205	185	10	10	10
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	46,085	22,605	23,480	3,890	1,960	1,930
No certificate, diploma or degree	3,520	2,115	1,410	800	435	370
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	12,300	6,105	6,195	780	375	405
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	30,265	14,385	15,875	2,305	1,145	1,155
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	3,935	3,060	880	1,130	740	390
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	1,575	1,035	540	815	445	375
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	2,360	2,025	335	315	295	20
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	14,150	6,185	7,965	645	225	420
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	790	335	455	120	35	85
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	11,390	4,800	6,580	410	145	265
Bachelor's degree	7,885	3,390	4,500	325	105	225
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	805	300	505	20	10	15
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	340	175	165	15	10	0
Master's degree	2,070	800	1,270	45	20	25
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	280	135	145	0	10	0
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	73,575	36,075	37,500	5,515	2,705	2,805
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	32,490	15,845	16,645	2,765	1,350	1,415
Education	3,020	745	2,275	160	30	130
13. Education	3,020	745	2,275	160	30	125
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,345	605	740	85	35	50
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	285	200	85	15	15	0
50. Visual and performing arts	1,065	410	655	75	20	50
Humanities	1,960	830	1,130	115	25	95
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	165	45	115	0	0	10
23. English language and literature/letters	440	90	355	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	380	155	230	80	20	60
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	10	0	10	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	120	70	50	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	370	240	135	10	0	10
54. History	365	220	140	10	0	0
55. French language and literature/letters	110	15	95	15	0	15
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,380	1,355	3,025	260	45	215
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	35	0	30	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	385	135	250	20	10	20
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,015	95	915	110	10	110
22. Legal professions and studies	500	115	385	45	10	35
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	100	20	80	15	10	0
42. Psychology	750	195	560	30	10	25
45. Social sciences	1,600	790	810	35	10	20
Business, management and public administration	7,425	2,850	4,575	490	135	355
30.16 Accounting and computer science	20	10	15	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	710	115	600	10	0	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	6,690	2,735	3,960	475	135	345
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,250	650	595	60	20	35
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	580	240	345	10	0	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	230	120	110	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	0	0	10	20	0	15
40. Physical sciences	340	270	70	20	15	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	90	25	65	10	0	10
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	995	575	425	85	65	20
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	715	455	255	70	60	10
25. Library science	60	0	60	10	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	210	110	105	0	10	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	15	10	0	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	9,800	9,195	610	775	745	35
04. Architecture and related services	265	195	65	25	20	0
14. Engineering	1,340	1,140	195	40	35	10
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	2,465	2,205	260	115	100	10
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	1,965	1,950	15	250	250	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,380	2,340	35	210	200	10
48. Precision production	1,390	1,355	35	140	135	10
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,140	755	385	30	20	10
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	840	585	260	25	20	10
03. Natural resources and conservation	300	175	125	10	0	0
Health and related fields	6,990	1,260	5,730	365	70	290
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	755	365	390	35	10	30
51. Health professions and related programs	6,090	800	5,295	315	60	255
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	145	95	50	10	10	10
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,765	1,415	1,355	335	170	170
12. Personal and culinary services	1,315	260	1,055	170	30	140
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	10	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	20	20	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	970	685	275	55	40	15
49. Transportation and materials moving	460	440	20	110	100	10
Other	10	0	10	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	10	0	10	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	46,085	22,605	23,480	3,890	1,960	1,930
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	15,820	8,215	7,600	1,585	810	775
Education	2,000	475	1,525	140	30	110
13. Education	2,000	475	1,525	140	25	110
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,040	445	595	85	35	50
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	230	160	70	15	15	0
50. Visual and performing arts	815	280	530	65	20	45
Humanities	1,310	545	765	55	0	50
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	100	20	80	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	290	55	240	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	260	105	155	35	10	30
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	10	0	10	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	85	55	30	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	245	170	80	0	0	0
54. History	255	145	105	0	0	10
55. French language and literature/letters	75	0	65	10	0	10
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,420	950	2,470	205	25	170
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	20	0	20	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	325	105	220	20	10	15
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	815	65	750	90	0	85
22. Legal professions and studies	425	80	345	35	10	30
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	70	10	60	0	0	0
42. Psychology	555	120	435	25	10	20
45. Social sciences	1,205	560	645	35	15	25
Business, management and public administration	5,705	2,115	3,585	445	125	315
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	0	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	570	90	480	10	10	10
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	5,130	2,030	3,100	430	120	310
Physical and life sciences and technologies	905	475	440	30	15	10
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	445	185	260	10	0	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	180	95	85	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	10	0	0	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	210	170	45	15	15	10
41. Science technologies/technicians	60	20	40	0	10	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	830	475	355	65	40	20
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	615	385	230	50	35	15
25. Library science	45	0	45	10	0	10
27. Mathematics and statistics	155	75	75	10	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	15	10	10	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	6,930	6,455	475	665	640	25
04. Architecture and related services	210	150	55	20	15	0
14. Engineering	980	815	160	25	25	10
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	1,740	1,540	200	85	80	10
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	1,355	1,335	20	215	210	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,725	1,700	20	185	185	0
48. Precision production	920	905	20	130	130	10
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	850	530	320	30	20	10
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	625	405	220	25	15	10
03. Natural resources and conservation	225	125	100	10	0	0
Health and related fields	5,195	870	4,325	315	65	255
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	605	275	330	40	10	25
51. Health professions and related programs	4,485	535	3,950	270	50	225
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	105	60	45	10	10	10
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,070	1,055	1,015	290	145	140
12. Personal and culinary services	975	195	780	145	25	125
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	0	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	745	510	230	45	35	10
49. Transportation and materials moving	340	335	10	95	85	10
Other	10	0	10	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	10	0	10	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	73,575	36,075	37,500	5,515	2,710	2,805
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	32,490	15,840	16,645	2,765	1,350	1,410
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	41,090	20,235	20,855	2,755	1,355	1,395
Location of study inside Canada	36,805	18,015	18,800	2,715	1,335	1,380
Same as province or territory of residence	34,965	17,155	17,810	2,700	1,325	1,375
Different than province or territory of residence	1,845	855	990	15	15	10
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	4,280	2,225	2,060	35	20	15
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	1,765	825	945	0	0	0
Philippines	75	10	65	0	0	0
India	55	30	25	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	935	600	330	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 162}	50	30	20	0	0	0
France	20	10	15	15	10	10
Other	1,375	720	655	15	10	10
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	46,085	22,610	23,475	3,890	1,955	1,935
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	15,820	8,215	7,600	1,585	810	775
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	30,265	14,390	15,875	2,305	1,150	1,160
Location of study inside Canada	27,610	13,155	14,450	2,275	1,130	1,145
Same as province or territory of residence	26,335	12,580	13,760	2,260	1,120	1,140
Different than province or territory of residence	1,270	580	690	15	10	0
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	2,660	1,235	1,425	30	15	15
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	1,325	565	760	0	0	0
Philippines	65	10	55	0	0	0
India	45	20	25	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	365	220	150	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 162}	40	20	15	0	0	0
France	15	10	15	10	0	10
Other	795	395	405	20	10	10
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	73,575	36,075	37,495	5,515	2,710	2,805
In the labour force	48,405	25,475	22,930	3,755	1,990	1,765
Employed	45,950	24,165	21,785	3,540	1,845	1,700
Unemployed	2,450	1,305	1,145	215	150	60
Not in the labour force	25,175	10,600	14,575	1,760	715	1,045
Participation rate	65.8	70.6	61.2	68.1	73.4	62.9
Employment rate	62.5	67.0	58.1	64.2	68.1	60.6
Unemployment rate	5.1	5.1	5.0	5.7	7.5	3.4
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	73,575	36,075	37,500	5,515	2,705	2,810
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	22,220	9,220	12,995	1,650	695	950
Worked	51,360	26,860	24,500	3,870	2,010	1,855
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	27,385	16,180	11,200	1,785	1,000	785
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	23,975	10,680	13,300	2,085	1,010	1,075
Average weeks worked in reference year	43.2	44.0	42.5	43.1	42.9	43.4
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	48,400	25,470	22,930	3,750	1,990	1,765
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	515	250	265	75	40	35
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	47,885	25,220	22,665	3,680	1,950	1,730
Employee	41,135	21,025	20,110	3,270	1,675	1,590
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	6,750	4,195	2,555	410	275	135
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	48,400	25,475	22,930	3,750	1,990	1,765
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	515	255	265	75	40	35
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	47,885	25,220	22,660	3,680	1,950	1,725
0 Management occupations	6,455	4,125	2,330	330	210	125
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	7,040	1,840	5,205	460	105	360
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	2,565	2,070	495	160	130	35
3 Health occupations	3,495	500	2,990	240	50	190
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	5,560	2,010	3,550	425	75	350
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,205	500	700	70	25	45
6 Sales and service occupations	9,680	3,915	5,760	765	260	505
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	7,705	7,280	425	945	895	50
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	2,010	1,250	755	35	35	0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	2,180	1,730	450	245	170	70
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	48,400	25,475	22,930	3,755	1,990	1,765
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	515	255	265	75	45	30
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	47,885	25,220	22,660	3,680	1,950	1,730
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	2,770	1,625	1,145	15	20	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	120	95	20	0	10	0
22 Utilities	385	270	110	30	25	0
23 Construction	3,995	3,495	500	485	435	45
31-33 Manufacturing	5,595	4,395	1,190	430	300	125
41 Wholesale trade	2,300	1,540	760	160	115	50
44-45 Retail trade	4,760	2,085	2,670	500	185	315
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,960	1,365	595	225	160	65
51 Information and cultural industries	595	325	265	55	35	20
52 Finance and insurance	1,735	720	1,015	60	15	45
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	795	415	380	50	25	25
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	2,665	1,435	1,230	185	85	105
55 Management of companies and enterprises	50	25	25	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,005	1,275	725	125	65	55
61 Educational services	4,040	1,290	2,750	225	55	175
62 Health care and social assistance	5,540	730	4,810	520	85	435
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,030	535	495	70	55	15
72 Accommodation and food services	2,735	935	1,800	180	50	130
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,330	1,230	1,100	195	130	60
91 Public administration	2,485	1,420	1,060	160	105	60
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	45,950	24,165	21,780	3,545	1,845	1,700
Worked at home	4,520	2,230	2,290	115	60	55
Worked outside Canada	235	165	70	10	0	10
No fixed workplace address	5,290	3,965	1,330	535	395	145
Worked at usual place	35,905	17,810	18,090	2,885	1,385	1,500
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	35,905	17,805	18,095	2,885	1,385	1,500
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	8,555	3,765	4,790	255	75	185
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	12,885	5,865	7,020	875	365	510
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	14,355	8,115	6,240	1,745	945	800
Commute to a different province or territory	110	65	45	0	0	10
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	41,195	21,770	19,420	3,415	1,780	1,640
Car, truck, van - as a driver	36,535	19,530	17,000	3,120	1,675	1,440
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	2,065	955	1,105	110	45	60
Public transit	465	200	265	55	30	20
Walked	1,575	785	790	105	15	90
Bicycle	225	160	65	0	0	0
Other method	335	135	200	35	15	20
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	41,190	21,775	19,420	3,420	1,780	1,640
Less than 15 minutes	11,145	5,005	6,140	580	275	300
15 to 29 minutes	13,745	6,900	6,850	1,055	425	635
30 to 44 minutes	8,850	4,975	3,865	865	480	380
45 to 59 minutes	3,700	2,185	1,510	410	275	135
60 minutes and over	3,755	2,705	1,050	505	320	185
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	41,195	21,775	19,425	3,420	1,780	1,640
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	3,415	2,690	720	560	460	95
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	8,060	5,375	2,685	705	410	295
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	11,540	5,710	5,835	710	280	430
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	8,350	3,215	5,140	550	165	385
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	3,640	1,345	2,300	320	110	210
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	6,180	3,445	2,740	580	350	230
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	52,590	27,445	25,145	3,960	2,065	1,900
Single responses	52,345	27,350	24,990	3,860	1,995	1,865
Official languages	52,125	27,175	24,950	3,860	1,995	1,870
English	51,930	27,130	24,805	65	40	25
French	195	45	145	3,795	1,955	1,840
Non-official languages	215	175	45	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	215	175	45	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	190	155	35	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	25	15	10	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	30	15	10	0	0	0
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	10	10	10	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	15	10	10	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	10	10	0	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	0	0	10	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	15	10	10	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	10	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	10	0	10	0	0	0
Iranian languages	10	0	10	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	10	10	10	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	145	130	10	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	10	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	130	135	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	10	10	0	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	10	10	0	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	10	10	10	0	0	0
Chinese languages	15	10	10	0	0	0
Cantonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	15	10	10	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	250	100	155	105	70	35
English and French	120	40	80	105	70	30
English and non-official language	130	65	70	0	0	0
French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	10	0	0	0
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	52,595	27,450	25,145	3,965	2,065	1,900
None	51,325	26,890	24,435	3,315	1,690	1,625
English	215	80	130	590	340	245
French	510	210	305	35	25	15
Non-official language	515	265	250	15	0	10
Aboriginal	10	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	510	265	245	20	10	10
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	0	0	0	10	10	10
French and non-official language	30	10	20	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	87,920	43,400	44,520	6,950	3,450	3,500
Non-movers	79,705	39,325	40,380	6,150	3,070	3,080
Movers	8,220	4,080	4,140	805	380	420
Non-migrants	2,365	1,095	1,270	335	170	170
Migrants	5,850	2,985	2,865	470	215	255
Internal migrants	5,540	2,810	2,725	470	215	255
Intraprovincial migrants	5,300	2,675	2,625	445	205	245
Interprovincial migrants	240	140	105	20	10	10
External migrants	315	170	145	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	84,145	41,480	42,670	6,515	3,225	3,290
Non-movers	58,090	28,755	29,330	3,935	1,975	1,960
Movers	26,055	12,725	13,335	2,580	1,245	1,330
Non-migrants	8,050	3,860	4,195	1,240	580	660
Migrants	18,005	8,860	9,140	1,340	670	675
Internal migrants	17,195	8,425	8,770	1,325	670	660
Intraprovincial migrants	16,610	8,135	8,475	1,325	670	660
Interprovincial migrants	585	295	290	0	0	0
External migrants	810	435	375	15	0	15

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

^r

revised. The 2011 count for this area has been revised.

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Niagara West [Federal electoral district], Ontario and L'Épiphanie [Population centre], Quebec (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 15, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Niagara West [Federal electoral district], Ontario and L'Épiphanie [Population centre], Quebec

Census Profile, 2016 Census Niagara West [Federal electoral district], Ontario and L'Épiphanie [Population centre], Quebec

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Niagara West [Federal electoral district], Ontario and L'Épiphanie [Population centre], Quebec