Census Profile, 2016 Census
Niagara West [Federal electoral district], Ontario and Matane, Ville [Census subdivision], Quebec

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Niagara West Ontario [Federal electoral district]			Matane, V Quebec [Census subdivision]
	Data quality , Niagara West [Federal electoral district], Ontario Map : Niagara West [Federal electoral district], Ontario Change geography 1			Data quality : Matane, Ville [Census subdivision], Quebec Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	90,838	...	...	14,311	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	86,533	...	...	14,462	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	5.0	...	...	-1.0	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	34,827	...	...	7,421	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	33,588	...	...	6,866	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	91.8	...	...	73.0	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	989.15	...	...	196.08	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	90,840	44,730	46,105	14,315	6,965	7,345
0 to 14 years	15,440	7,930	7,505	1,815	955	860
0 to 4 years	4,805	2,450	2,350	560	300	260
5 to 9 years	5,240	2,705	2,540	630	330	300
10 to 14 years	5,395	2,780	2,615	630	330	305
15 to 64 years	57,295	28,375	28,920	8,700	4,290	4,410
15 to 19 years	5,620	2,835	2,785	640	350	290
20 to 24 years	5,230	2,715	2,520	695	360	335
25 to 29 years	4,285	2,200	2,085	650	350	300
30 to 34 years	4,500	2,205	2,290	625	300	325
35 to 39 years	5,000	2,420	2,575	800	400	405
40 to 44 years	5,565	2,715	2,855	755	355	400
45 to 49 years	6,115	2,950	3,165	740	370	370
50 to 54 years	7,505	3,700	3,805	1,105	525	585
55 to 59 years	7,030	3,475	3,550	1,395	650	745
60 to 64 years	6,455	3,165	3,285	1,305	630	675
65 years and over	18,110	8,425	9,680	3,795	1,715	2,075
65 to 69 years	5,715	2,760	2,955	1,175	565	610
70 to 74 years	4,470	2,235	2,235	940	450	485
75 to 79 years	3,115	1,490	1,625	650	310	345
80 to 84 years	2,350	1,080	1,265	440	190	245
85 years and over	2,455	860	1,595	590	205	385
85 to 89 years	1,505	595	910	395	165	230
90 to 94 years	725	210	515	145	35	115
95 to 99 years	200	55	145	30	5	30
100 years and over	30	0	25	15	0	15
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	17.0	17.7	16.3	12.7	13.7	11.7
15 to 64 years	63.1	63.4	62.7	60.8	61.6	60.0
65 years and over	19.9	18.8	21.0	26.5	24.6	28.3
85 years and over	2.7	1.9	3.5	4.1	2.9	5.2
Average age of the population	42.7	41.8	43.6	47.6	46.1	49.1
Median age of the population	44.8	43.8	45.7	52.3	50.5	53.7
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	33,585	...	...	6,870	...	...
Single-detached house	25,915	...	...	3,890	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	415	...	...	0	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	7,200	...	...	2,805	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,285	...	...	365	...	...
Row house	3,735	...	...	100	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	430	...	...	520	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	1,620	...	...	1,785	...	...
Other single-attached house	130	...	...	40	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	55	...	...	175	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	33,590	...	...	6,865	...	...
1 person	6,530	...	...	2,685	...	...
2 persons	12,850	...	...	2,590	...	...
3 persons	5,250	...	...	810	...	...
4 persons	5,590	...	...	575	...	...
5 or more persons	3,365	...	...	210	...	...
Number of persons in private households	89,010	...	...	13,675	...	...
Average household size	2.7	...	...	2.0	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	75,400	36,800	38,600	12,495	6,010	6,485
Married or living common law	49,275	24,715	24,560	7,040	3,520	3,515
Married	43,730	21,940	21,790	3,840	1,920	1,910
Living common law	5,540	2,770	2,770	3,200	1,595	1,605
Not married and not living common law	26,125	12,085	14,035	5,455	2,490	2,965
Never married	16,470	8,930	7,540	3,190	1,740	1,450
Separated	1,860	820	1,040	155	60	90
Divorced	3,265	1,335	1,925	990	395	600
Widowed	4,530	990	3,535	1,120	295	825
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	27,155	...	...	4,045	...	...
2 persons	13,720	...	...	2,565	...	...
3 persons	5,260	...	...	755	...	...
4 persons	5,525	...	...	555	...	...
5 or more persons	2,650	...	...	175	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	27,155	...	...	4,045	...	...
Total couple families	24,170	...	...	3,430	...	...
Married couples	21,400	...	...	1,835	...	...
Common-law couples	2,770	...	...	1,600	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	2,990	...	...	615	...	...
Female parent	2,290	...	...	465	...	...
Male parent	700	...	...	145	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	24,170	...	...	3,430	...	...
Couples without children	11,985	...	...	2,150	...	...
Couples with children	12,185	...	...	1,280	...	...
1 child	4,345	...	...	595	...	...
2 children	5,255	...	...	525	...	...
3 or more children	2,590	...	...	165	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	2,990	...	...	615	...	...
1 child	1,740	...	...	410	...	...
2 children	915	...	...	160	...	...
3 or more children	330	...	...	40	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	9,250	4,175	5,080	3,170	1,500	1,670
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	33,590	...	...	6,865	...	...
One-census-family households	25,885	...	...	3,990	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	11,405	...	...	2,130	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	14,475	...	...	1,865	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	625	...	...	25	...	...
Non-census-family households	7,075	...	...	2,845	...	...
One-person households	6,530	...	...	2,690	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	540	...	...	160	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	89,440	44,255	45,175	14,045	6,890	7,160
English only	83,985	41,990	41,995	10	5	5
French only	10	5	5	11,555	5,425	6,135
English and French	5,130	2,070	3,060	2,485	1,460	1,015
Neither English nor French	320	195	115	5	0	5
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	89,435	44,260	45,175	14,050	6,890	7,160
English	87,855	43,485	44,365	50	30	25
French	1,185	535	645	13,985	6,860	7,125
English and French	95	40	55	10	5	0
Neither English nor French	305	195	110	0	0	0
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	1,230	555	675	60	25	30
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	1.4	1.3	1.5	0.4	0.4	0.4
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	89,440	44,255	45,175	14,045	6,890	7,160
Single responses	88,610	43,870	44,740	14,000	6,860	7,135
Official languages	79,020	39,170	39,855	13,955	6,840	7,110
English	77,745	38,590	39,155	60	30	25
French	1,270	575	695	13,895	6,810	7,085
Non-official languages	9,590	4,705	4,890	50	20	25
Aboriginal languages	5	0	5	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	5	0	5	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	5	0	5	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	9,585	4,700	4,885	50	25	25
Afro-Asiatic languages	180	95	80	15	5	5
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	180	95	85	10	5	5
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	135	70	65	15	5	5
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	15	10	5	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	5	0	5	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	10	5	5	0	0	0
Maltese	15	10	10	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	65	30	35	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	5	5	0	0	0
Vietnamese	50	20	25	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	140	30	110	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	10	5	5	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	5	0	5	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	5
Malay	5	0	5	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	115	25	95	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	15	10	5	5	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	5	5	5
Creole, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0	5	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	35	20	25	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	10	5	5	0	0	0
Tamil	25	10	15	0	0	0
Telugu	5	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	8,380	4,160	4,220	25	10	15
Albanian	10	10	5	0	0	0
Armenian	25	15	10	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	2,275	1,060	1,220	0	0	0
Baltic languages	55	25	30	0	0	0
Latvian	30	15	15	0	0	0
Lithuanian	30	10	15	0	0	0
Slavic languages	2,220	1,030	1,190	0	0	0
Belarusan	5	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	15	5	5	0	0	0
Bulgarian	10	5	10	0	0	0
Croatian	410	210	205	0	0	0
Czech	55	20	30	0	0	0
Macedonian	15	10	10	0	0	0
Polish	780	355	425	0	0	0
Russian	120	50	75	0	0	0
Serbian	215	105	105	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	20	5	10	0	0	0
Slovak	80	30	50	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	150	75	75	0	0	0
Ukrainian	335	150	185	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	5	0	0	0
Celtic languages	5	5	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	5	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	3,325	1,585	1,735	5	5	5
Afrikaans	30	15	15	0	0	0
Danish	45	20	25	0	0	0
Dutch	2,040	985	1,050	0	0	0
Frisian	40	20	20	0	0	0
German	1,120	525	595	5	0	5
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	5	5	5	0	0	0
Swedish	30	5	20	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	5	10	5	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	185	95	95	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	360	180	175	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	310	155	160	0	0	0
Bengali	10	5	5	0	0	0
Gujarati	40	20	20	0	0	0
Hindi	40	15	25	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	5	0	0	0	0
Marathi	5	5	5	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	130	60	70	0	0	0
Sindhi	5	5	5	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	75	40	35	0	0	0
Iranian languages	45	30	15	0	5	0
Kurdish	5	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	40	25	15	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,190	1,215	970	20	10	15
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	1,180	645	530	10	5	0
Portuguese	365	185	185	0	0	0
Romanian	105	50	55	0	0	0
Spanish	535	330	200	10	5	10
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0	0	0
Japanese	25	10	15	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	85	40	45	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	20	10	10	5	5	0
Akan (Twi)	5	5	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	5	0	5	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	5	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	5	0	5	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	5	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	15	5	10	0	0	0
American Sign Language	10	5	5	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	5	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	220	100	125	0	0	0
Chinese languages	220	100	120	0	0	0
Cantonese	65	30	35	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	115	55	65	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	15	5	5	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	10	0	5	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	20	10	5	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	5	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	20	5	15	0	0	0
Lao	5	5	0	0	0	0
Thai	15	5	10	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	15	10	5	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	10	5	10	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	370	175	195	0	0	0
Estonian	25	10	15	0	0	0
Finnish	40	15	20	0	0	0
Hungarian	305	145	160	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	825	390	435	45	30	20
English and French	160	70	95	35	20	15
English and non-official language	625	295	330	0	0	0
French and non-official language	15	5	5	15	5	5
English, French and non-official language	20	15	5	0	0	0
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	89,435	44,255	45,180	14,050	6,890	7,160
Single responses	87,970	43,565	44,410	13,985	6,860	7,125
Official languages	85,925	42,505	43,425	13,980	6,860	7,120
English	85,650	42,385	43,265	20	15	15
French	280	120	160	13,955	6,845	7,110
Non-official languages	2,050	1,060	990	10	0	5
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	5	0	5	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	2,045	1,055	985	10	5	5
Afro-Asiatic languages	60	25	35	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	60	25	30	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	50	20	30	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	10	5	5	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	5	5	5	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	30	15	20	5	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	5	5	0	5	0
Vietnamese	30	15	15	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	25	10	10	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	5	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	5	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	20	5	15	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	15	5	5	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	5	0	5
Creole, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	10	5	10	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	5	0	10	0	0	0
Telugu	0	5	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	1,645	860	780	5	5	0
Albanian	5	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	5	5	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	590	290	305	0	0	0
Baltic languages	10	5	5	0	0	0
Latvian	5	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	5	5	5	0	0	0
Slavic languages	580	285	295	0	0	0
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	15	10	10	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	115	55	60	0	0	0
Czech	10	0	5	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	215	105	105	0	0	0
Russian	55	30	25	0	0	0
Serbian	60	35	30	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	5	0	5	0	0	0
Slovak	15	5	5	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	35	15	20	0	0	0
Ukrainian	55	25	30	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	250	115	135	0	0	0
Afrikaans	10	5	10	0	0	0
Danish	5	5	0	0	0	0
Dutch	85	35	50	0	0	0
Frisian	5	0	0	0	0	0
German	130	65	70	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	5	5	5	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	70	30	35	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	150	65	85	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	135	60	75	0	0	0
Bengali	5	0	5	0	0	0
Gujarati	10	5	5	0	0	0
Hindi	20	5	10	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	5	0	5	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	70	30	35	0	0	0
Sindhi	5	5	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	20	10	10	0	0	0
Iranian languages	25	5	10	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	25	5	15	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	580	365	220	5	0	5
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	145	70	75	0	5	0
Portuguese	75	35	45	0	0	0
Romanian	35	15	20	0	0	0
Spanish	325	245	80	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0	0	0
Japanese	5	0	0	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	40	20	20	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	15	5	10	0	0	0
American Sign Language	5	0	5	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	10	5	5	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	120	65	60	0	0	0
Chinese languages	120	65	60	0	0	0
Cantonese	25	10	15	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	75	40	35	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	0	5	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	0	5	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	15	5	5	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	5	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	5	0	5	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	10	0	5	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	70	30	35	0	0	0
Estonian	0	5	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	65	25	35	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	1,465	695	765	65	30	35
English and French	110	40	65	40	20	20
English and non-official language	1,340	645	695	0	0	0
French and non-official language	0	0	0	15	10	10
English, French and non-official language	20	15	5	5	0	0
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	89,435	44,255	45,180	14,045	6,890	7,155
None	84,120	41,830	42,290	13,750	6,725	7,030
English	1,055	510	550	240	140	105
French	775	300	475	15	10	10
Non-official language	3,435	1,600	1,840	35	15	15
Aboriginal	5	5	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	3,425	1,590	1,830	30	15	15
English and French	5	5	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	15	5	5	5	0	0
French and non-official language	40	15	20	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	5	0	0	0	0	0
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	73,610	36,105	37,505	11,865	5,790	6,075
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	71,295	35,085	36,210	11,635	5,675	5,955
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	39,074	49,684	30,304	30,290	35,261	25,865
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	71,320	35,090	36,235	11,630	5,675	5,955
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	35,035	43,458	27,740	27,260	30,931	23,946
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	67,055	33,580	33,475	9,765	4,955	4,815
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	35,275	46,191	26,077	27,280	30,992	24,186
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	49,535	22,165	27,375	9,505	4,480	5,025
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	6,225	5,813	6,389	10,021	10,000	10,032
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	54,710	28,780	25,935	7,535	3,915	3,620
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	35,303	44,921	28,069	29,376	33,134	26,205
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	73,575	36,075	37,500	11,930	5,855	6,080
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	71,320	35,130	36,190	11,670	5,740	5,925
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	50,989	61,968	40,332	36,826	41,969	31,841
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	71,340	35,140	36,210	11,670	5,745	5,925
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	42,008	49,950	34,301	31,184	34,896	27,587
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	67,135	33,670	33,470	9,825	4,980	4,845
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	48,363	59,494	37,165	33,709	38,889	28,380
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	49,585	22,295	27,290	9,565	4,580	4,990
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,857	7,795	7,908	10,297	10,329	10,267
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	54,725	28,915	25,810	7,555	3,970	3,575
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	46,872	55,126	37,624	34,761	38,752	30,330
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	73,575	36,080	37,500	11,930	5,855	6,075
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	26,790	15,790	11,000	3,220	1,700	1,525
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	59,793	66,943	51,238	42,999	46,056	40,069
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	69,077	76,916	57,827	47,537	51,425	43,196
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	89.3	92.0	85.1	76.9	80.2	72.9
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	70.8	73.6	66.5	61.9	64.6	58.4
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	10.7	8.0	14.9	23.0	19.8	27.1
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	73,610	36,100	37,505	11,865	5,795	6,075
Without total income	2,315	1,020	1,295	235	115	125
With total income	71,295	35,085	36,210	11,630	5,675	5,950
Percentage with total income	96.9	97.2	96.5	98.0	97.9	97.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	8,780	3,350	5,435	1,240	525	715
$10,000 to $19,999	10,560	3,650	6,910	2,530	975	1,555
$20,000 to $29,999	9,275	3,660	5,615	1,990	905	1,090
$30,000 to $39,999	7,740	3,535	4,210	1,740	885	855
$40,000 to $49,999	7,130	3,465	3,665	1,455	725	730
$50,000 to $59,999	6,070	3,310	2,755	910	500	405
$60,000 to $69,999	4,820	2,830	1,990	590	370	220
$70,000 to $79,999	3,945	2,450	1,490	445	265	180
$80,000 to $89,999	3,120	2,035	1,085	275	185	90
$90,000 to $99,999	2,750	1,610	1,145	160	115	45
$100,000 and over	7,105	5,195	1,910	295	225	70
$100,000 to $149,999	4,910	3,495	1,415	205	155	50
$150,000 and over	2,195	1,695	495	90	70	20
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	73,610	36,105	37,510	11,865	5,795	6,075
Without after-tax income	2,290	1,020	1,275	235	115	120
With after-tax income	71,320	35,090	36,230	11,635	5,675	5,955
Percentage with after-tax income	96.9	97.2	96.6	98.1	97.9	98.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	9,200	3,425	5,770	1,295	535	760
$10,000 to $19,999	11,080	3,840	7,240	2,670	1,025	1,635
$20,000 to $29,999	10,680	4,355	6,330	2,480	1,170	1,315
$30,000 to $39,999	9,360	4,415	4,950	2,200	1,140	1,060
$40,000 to $49,999	8,385	4,405	3,980	1,320	735	590
$50,000 to $59,999	6,495	3,820	2,675	785	475	310
$60,000 to $69,999	4,890	3,145	1,745	455	285	170
$70,000 to $79,999	4,030	2,490	1,535	185	125	60
$80,000 and over	7,200	5,190	2,005	245	190	60
$80,000 to $89,999	2,525	1,680	845	90	70	20
$90,000 to $99,999	1,390	1,025	370	45	35	10
$100,000 and over	3,285	2,495	795	110	85	30
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	73,610	36,105	37,505	11,865	5,795	6,075
Without employment income	18,900	7,325	11,570	4,335	1,880	2,460
With employment income	54,710	28,775	25,935	7,530	3,915	3,620
Percentage with employment income	74.3	79.7	69.2	63.5	67.6	59.6
Under $5,000 (including loss)	8,780	4,655	4,120	960	520	435
$5,000 to $9,999	4,225	1,795	2,430	605	260	345
$10,000 to $19,999	6,730	2,785	3,945	1,155	525	635
$20,000 to $29,999	5,160	2,165	2,990	1,110	500	615
$30,000 to $39,999	4,780	2,010	2,770	1,080	520	555
$40,000 to $49,999	4,330	1,960	2,370	840	435	405
$50,000 to $59,999	4,100	2,305	1,800	530	325	205
$60,000 to $69,999	3,370	2,025	1,345	395	230	165
$70,000 to $79,999	2,845	1,835	1,005	350	215	135
$80,000 and over	10,395	7,250	3,145	500	385	120
$80,000 to $89,999	2,405	1,560	845	190	135	50
$90,000 to $99,999	2,445	1,395	1,055	100	80	20
$100,000 and over	5,540	4,295	1,245	215	170	40
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	33,590	...	...	6,865	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	90,481	...	...	48,094	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	78,185	...	...	43,008	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	6,530	...	...	2,685	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	40,837	...	...	25,168	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	36,391	...	...	23,827	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	27,055	...	...	4,175	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	103,260	...	...	71,915	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	88,649	...	...	62,034	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	33,570	...	...	6,870	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	108,333	...	...	62,570	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	89,276	...	...	52,984	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	6,490	...	...	2,660	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	52,617	...	...	32,797	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	44,044	...	...	28,260	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	27,080	...	...	4,210	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	121,679	...	...	81,355	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	100,111	...	...	68,585	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	33,590	...	...	6,865	...	...
Under $5,000	285	...	...	80	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	175	...	...	135	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	365	...	...	330	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	600	...	...	540	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	960	...	...	455	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	865	...	...	350	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	950	...	...	525	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,130	...	...	415	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,130	...	...	395	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,110	...	...	335	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,355	...	...	510	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,315	...	...	470	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,235	...	...	440	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,225	...	...	405	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,170	...	...	305	...	...
$100,000 and over	14,730	...	...	1,180	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,530	...	...	560	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,305	...	...	305	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	3,900	...	...	225	...	...
$200,000 and over	2,995	...	...	95	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	33,590	...	...	6,870	...	...
Under $5,000	315	...	...	85	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	185	...	...	130	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	375	...	...	330	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	645	...	...	565	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,085	...	...	515	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	965	...	...	450	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,120	...	...	590	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,305	...	...	515	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,395	...	...	405	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,425	...	...	345	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,890	...	...	620	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,825	...	...	545	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,805	...	...	470	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,720	...	...	345	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,320	...	...	295	...	...
$100,000 and over	11,230	...	...	650	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,555	...	...	390	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,845	...	...	145	...	...
$150,000 and over	3,825	...	...	110	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	26,720	...	...	4,070	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	102,952	...	...	72,576	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	88,387	...	...	62,379	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	11,170	...	...	2,090	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	86,207	...	...	63,680	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	75,069	...	...	55,543	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	12,295	...	...	1,290	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	129,918	...	...	105,088	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	109,476	...	...	88,157	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	4.1	...	...	3.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	2,715	...	...	595	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	65,472	...	...	49,237	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	58,714	...	...	45,619	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.5	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	26,735	...	...	4,100	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	121,513	...	...	82,206	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	99,888	...	...	69,207	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	11,215	...	...	2,110	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	105,398	...	...	73,281	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	86,498	...	...	61,568	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	12,270	...	...	1,280	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	146,018	...	...	109,769	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	119,725	...	...	91,244	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,755	...	...	615	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	77,817	...	...	54,403	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	65,782	...	...	48,395	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	7,875	3,640	4,235	2,970	1,415	1,555
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	38,485	43,307	34,620	24,232	26,483	22,345
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	34,551	38,040	31,707	23,013	24,395	22,016
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	7,850	3,595	4,265	2,945	1,460	1,480
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	49,369	53,438	45,942	31,582	33,209	29,980
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	41,532	43,934	39,509	27,309	28,307	26,326
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	89,015	44,015	45,000	13,675	6,750	6,930
In the bottom half of the distribution	32,515	15,520	16,995	8,540	4,100	4,440
In the bottom decile	3,775	1,805	1,970	1,315	610	705
In the second decile	5,125	2,245	2,875	2,000	915	1,085
In the third decile	7,085	3,325	3,755	1,740	835	905
In the fourth decile	7,495	3,685	3,815	1,765	860	905
In the fifth decile	9,030	4,455	4,580	1,720	875	840
In the top half of the distribution	56,500	28,490	28,005	5,140	2,645	2,495
In the sixth decile	9,720	4,830	4,890	1,610	830	780
In the seventh decile	10,940	5,440	5,505	1,480	765	720
In the eighth decile	11,860	6,000	5,860	995	500	495
In the ninth decile	12,875	6,550	6,325	680	355	325
In the top decile	11,095	5,670	5,425	370	195	170
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	89,015	44,010	44,995	13,680	6,745	6,935
0 to 17 years	18,725	9,575	9,150	2,195	1,160	1,035
0 to 5 years	5,825	2,980	2,845	685	360	325
18 to 64 years	53,520	26,405	27,115	8,250	4,055	4,200
65 years and over	16,765	8,035	8,730	3,230	1,530	1,700
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	5,905	2,695	3,205	2,470	1,115	1,360
0 to 17 years	1,420	720	695	290	155	135
0 to 5 years	420	205	220	95	45	45
18 to 64 years	3,350	1,560	1,795	1,300	620	680
65 years and over	1,140	420	720	880	340	540
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	6.6	6.1	7.1	18.1	16.5	19.6
0 to 17 years (%)	7.6	7.5	7.6	13.2	13.4	13.0
0 to 5 years (%)	7.2	6.9	7.7	13.9	12.5	13.8
18 to 64 years (%)	6.3	5.9	6.6	15.8	15.3	16.2
65 years and over (%)	6.8	5.2	8.2	27.2	22.2	31.8
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	2,740	1,325	1,415	875	435	440
0 to 17 years	620	325	290	90	50	40
0 to 5 years	175	95	80	35	20	15
18 to 64 years	1,795	880	920	740	365	375
65 years and over	325	125	205	40	15	25
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.1	3.0	3.1	6.4	6.4	6.3
0 to 17 years (%)	3.3	3.4	3.2	4.1	4.3	3.9
0 to 5 years (%)	3.0	3.2	2.8	5.1	5.6	4.6
18 to 64 years (%)	3.4	3.3	3.4	9.0	9.0	8.9
65 years and over (%)	1.9	1.6	2.3	1.2	1.0	1.5
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	88,960	43,960	44,995	13,675	6,755	6,925
Official languages	88,655	43,780	44,875	13,680	6,755	6,925
English	88,650	43,775	44,875	2,455	1,480	970
French	5,110	2,040	3,065	13,670	6,750	6,920
Non-official languages	11,955	5,770	6,185	210	90	120
Aboriginal languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	10	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	10	10	10	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	11,945	5,765	6,180	210	90	120
Afro-Asiatic languages	215	90	125	15	10	10
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	210	95	120	15	10	10
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	180	75	100	15	10	10
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	10	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	25	10	15	0	0	0
Maltese	20	10	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	95	40	50	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	90	40	50	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	185	35	150	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	10	0	10	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	10	10	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	15	0	20	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	160	40	130	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Creole languages	25	0	15	15	10	10
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	0	10	15	10	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	35	20	20	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	30	15	15	0	0	0
Telugu	10	10	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	10,460	5,165	5,300	160	65	95
Albanian	15	0	10	0	0	0
Armenian	35	25	10	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	2,700	1,305	1,390	10	0	0
Baltic languages	70	35	35	0	0	0
Latvian	45	20	20	0	0	0
Lithuanian	20	10	10	0	0	0
Slavic languages	2,630	1,275	1,360	10	0	0
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	65	35	35	0	0	0
Bulgarian	10	0	15	0	0	0
Croatian	520	275	245	0	0	0
Czech	55	20	40	0	0	0
Macedonian	45	25	20	0	0	0
Polish	970	455	515	0	0	0
Russian	195	100	100	10	0	10
Serbian	330	190	140	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	35	20	10	0	0	0
Slovak	50	20	35	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	140	75	65	0	0	0
Ukrainian	420	175	240	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0	0	0
Celtic languages	15	10	10	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	10	10	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0	0	0
Germanic languages	3,915	1,885	2,035	20	10	15
Afrikaans	65	35	30	0	0	0
Danish	60	30	30	0	0	0
Dutch	2,360	1,135	1,225	10	0	0
Frisian	90	50	40	0	0	0
German	1,345	660	685	15	0	10
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	25	15	10	0	0	0
Swedish	75	15	55	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	10	0	0	0
Greek	255	140	120	10	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	425	210	215	10	10	10
Indo-Aryan languages	335	165	170	0	0	0
Bengali	20	10	10	0	0	0
Gujarati	60	35	30	0	0	0
Hindi	110	55	60	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	10	10	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	135	75	60	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	10	0	0	0	0
Urdu	120	60	60	0	0	0
Iranian languages	95	40	50	10	0	10
Kurdish	0	0	0	15	10	10
Pashto	10	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	90	40	55	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	3,285	1,695	1,595	120	50	70
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	1,845	920	920	0	0	0
Portuguese	455	245	205	10	0	10
Romanian	135	65	70	0	0	0
Spanish	930	475	450	105	50	60
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	10	10	0	0	0
Japanese	70	35	40	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	125	60	60	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	75	40	35	20	0	15
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	10	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	50	30	20	10	0	10
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	15	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	15	10	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	70	15	55	0	0	0
American Sign Language	35	10	25	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	40	10	30	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	320	155	165	0	0	0
Chinese languages	320	155	165	0	0	0
Cantonese	100	45	50	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	195	95	100	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	25	10	15	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	25	15	10	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	30	20	15	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	60	35	25	0	0	0
Lao	10	10	0	0	0	0
Thai	45	20	25	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	30	10	15	10	0	10
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	20	10	15	15	10	10
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	345	145	200	0	0	0
Estonian	15	10	10	0	0	0
Finnish	50	15	40	0	0	0
Hungarian	275	125	155	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	15	0	0	0	0	0
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	88,960	43,960	45,000	13,680	6,750	6,920
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	86,750	42,875	43,875	13,545	6,675	6,870
Canadian citizens aged under 18	18,540	9,385	9,155	2,145	1,095	1,050
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	68,210	33,490	34,720	11,395	5,575	5,820
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	2,210	1,085	1,125	135	80	55
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	88,960	43,960	45,000	13,675	6,755	6,920
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	76,745	37,920	38,825	13,385	6,600	6,785
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	11,850	5,795	6,055	240	120	115
Before 1981	7,795	3,940	3,855	20	10	15
1981 to 1990	1,330	640	685	25	10	20
1991 to 2000	1,185	530	650	45	20	25
2001 to 2010	1,165	515	655	100	60	40
2001 to 2005	635	260	370	25	15	10
2006 to 2010	540	250	285	75	45	30
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	375	175	200	50	35	20
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	365	240	120	50	35	20
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	11,850	5,795	6,055	235	120	115
Under 5 years	2,030	990	1,035	60	20	35
5 to 14 years	2,855	1,530	1,320	40	15	20
15 to 24 years	3,170	1,475	1,695	40	30	15
25 to 44 years	3,335	1,595	1,740	95	55	35
45 years and over	460	200	260	10	10	10
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	11,850	5,800	6,055	240	120	120
Americas	1,570	685	885	30	0	25
Brazil	30	15	15	0	0	0
Colombia	60	15	45	10	0	0
El Salvador	15	0	15	0	0	0
Guyana	65	30	30	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	10	10	0
Jamaica	125	80	45	0	0	0
Mexico	60	25	35	0	0	0
Peru	35	20	15	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	50	35	15	0	0	0
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	860	300	555	0	0	10
Other places of birth in Americas	270	155	120	10	0	10
Europe	8,710	4,420	4,290	100	65	35
Bosnia and Herzegovina	90	35	55	0	0	0
Croatia	300	165	135	0	0	0
France	35	15	25	50	40	15
Germany	575	280	295	10	10	10
Greece	95	50	50	0	0	0
Hungary	125	50	75	0	0	0
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	120	50	70	0	0	0
Italy	725	425	295	0	0	0
Netherlands	1,940	1,030	915	0	0	0
Poland	550	235	315	0	0	0
Portugal	185	110	75	0	0	0
Romania	135	55	75	0	0	0
Russian Federation	95	40	55	0	0	0
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	95	45	55	0	0	0
Ukraine	75	45	30	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	2,980	1,535	1,445	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	575	245	330	30	15	20
Africa	235	120	115	60	30	25
Algeria	0	0	0	10	0	0
Egypt	35	15	20	10	10	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenya	20	10	10	0	0	0
Morocco	10	0	0	10	10	0
Nigeria	10	10	0	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	100	45	50	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	60	35	25	45	25	25
Asia	1,225	525	700	50	20	30
Afghanistan	50	20	30	0	0	0
Bangladesh	10	10	10	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	185	65	125	15	0	10
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	25	0	20	0	0	0
India	185	95	95	0	0	0
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	20	20	0	0	0	0
Iraq	35	15	15	0	0	0
Japan	30	15	20	0	0	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	95	50	50	20	15	10
Lebanon	20	10	10	0	0	0
Pakistan	70	40	30	0	0	0
Philippines	160	40	115	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	20	15	10	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	45	15	25	0	0	0
Taiwan	10	0	10	0	0	10
Viet Nam	75	30	40	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	195	90	105	15	0	10
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	110	45	60	0	0	0
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	375	170	195	50	35	20
Americas	95	45	50	10	0	10
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Colombia	20	10	15	10	0	10
Cuba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mexico	10	0	10	0	0	0
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	50	30	25	0	0	0
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	10	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	10	0	0	0	0
Europe	135	70	65	35	30	10
France	0	0	0	35	25	10
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	75	35	40	10	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	60	40	25	0	0	0
Africa	10	0	10	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	10	0	0	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0	0	0
Asia	115	30	85	0	0	10
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	25	10	15	0	0	0
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	0	0	0	0	0	0
India	20	0	15	0	0	0
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	10	0	10	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Philippines	15	10	10	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	15	0	15	0	0	0
Taiwan	10	0	10	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	10
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	10	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	25	10	15	0	0	0
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	15	15	0	0	0	0
Australia	15	15	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	88,960	43,960	45,000	13,675	6,755	6,925
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	12,625	6,265	6,360	295	155	145
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	22,025	10,595	11,425	225	100	125
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	54,315	27,100	27,210	13,155	6,500	6,655
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	4,225	1,945	2,280	220	115	105
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	1,810	945	865	115	75	40
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	745	530	215	65	55	15
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	1,070	415	650	50	20	25
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	1,815	705	1,115	100	35	65
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	545	260	285	0	0	0
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	50	35	15	0	10	0
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	88,960	43,960	44,995	13,675	6,755	6,925
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	1,480	695	785	255	160	95
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	1,395	665	730	250	155	100
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	865	435	430	50	20	30
Métis	515	225	295	195	130	65
Inuk (Inuit)	15	10	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	20	0	15	0	0	0
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	65	25	40	10	0	0
Non-Aboriginal identity	87,480	43,265	44,215	13,420	6,595	6,825
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	88,960	43,960	45,000	13,675	6,755	6,920
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	435	245	190	60	35	30
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	88,530	43,715	44,810	13,620	6,720	6,895
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	88,960	43,960	45,000	13,675	6,755	6,925
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	215	105	110	125	60	60
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	200	105	95	110	50	60
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	140	75	65	70	20	50
Métis single ancestry	50	30	25	35	30	10
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	15	0	10	20	15	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	10	10	10	15	15	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	2,360	1,140	1,215	210	120	90
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	2,315	1,125	1,190	210	115	90
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	1,750	880	870	125	70	60
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	565	245	320	90	50	35
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	10	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	45	15	25	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	45	15	25	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	10	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	86,380	42,710	43,675	13,340	6,570	6,770
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	88,960	43,960	45,000	13,680	6,755	6,920
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	3,605	1,790	1,815	200	80	115
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	725	380	345	0	0	0
Chinese	455	190	260	15	10	10
Black	620	345	275	105	45	65
Filipino	275	95	180	0	0	0
Latin American	530	310	220	10	0	10
Arab	95	45	45	15	10	10
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	235	110	125	0	0	10
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	95	50	50	0	0	0
Korean	130	55	70	20	20	0
Japanese	170	70	100	0	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	130	65	65	10	10	0
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	150	75	80	10	10	10
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	85,360	42,170	43,190	13,480	6,670	6,810
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	88,960	43,960	45,000	13,675	6,755	6,925
North American Aboriginal origins	2,575	1,250	1,325	335	185	155
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,940	975	970	210	100	105
Inuit	20	10	15	0	0	0
Métis	670	290	380	140	95	45
Other North American origins	24,900	12,140	12,755	10,900	5,325	5,575
Acadian	115	60	55	60	30	25
American	1,205	555	650	35	15	20
Canadian	24,075	11,765	12,305	10,610	5,200	5,405
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	30	10	15	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ontarian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Québécois	35	20	15	265	125	145
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	0	0	0	0	0	0
European origins	75,670	37,280	38,390	4,215	2,110	2,105
British Isles origins	44,475	21,505	22,965	870	365	510
Channel Islander	30	15	15	10	10	0
Cornish	10	0	0	0	0	0
English	27,225	13,115	14,115	165	45	120
Irish	15,840	7,305	8,530	420	185	230
Manx	15	10	0	0	0	0
Scottish	18,915	9,250	9,665	390	155	235
Welsh	1,875	885	985	0	0	0
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	2,750	1,270	1,485	10	0	0
French origins	8,370	3,985	4,380	3,590	1,840	1,755
Alsatian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	10	0	0
Corsican	0	0	0	0	0	0
French	8,360	3,980	4,375	3,595	1,840	1,755
Western European origins (except French origins)	27,180	13,585	13,595	150	60	90
Austrian	655	340	310	0	0	10
Bavarian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Belgian	285	125	160	25	10	10
Dutch	14,980	7,585	7,400	0	0	0
Flemish	25	10	20	0	0	0
Frisian	165	85	80	0	0	0
German	12,725	6,290	6,435	110	45	65
Luxembourger	10	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss	535	235	295	30	15	15
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	10	0	0	0	0	0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	1,885	850	1,035	15	10	10
Danish	590	285	305	0	0	0
Finnish	245	110	135	0	0	0
Icelandic	100	45	60	0	0	0
Norwegian	405	195	210	0	10	0
Swedish	625	245	375	0	0	0
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	75	45	30	0	10	0
Eastern European origins	13,725	6,855	6,870	0	0	0
Bulgarian	110	35	75	0	0	0
Byelorussian	30	10	20	0	0	0
Czech	360	200	165	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	210	100	110	0	0	0
Estonian	105	45	60	0	0	0
Hungarian	2,470	1,235	1,235	0	0	0
Latvian	135	80	55	0	0	0
Lithuanian	250	115	130	0	0	0
Moldovan	10	10	10	0	0	0
Polish	5,310	2,595	2,710	0	0	0
Romanian	520	245	275	0	0	0
Russian	1,275	635	640	0	0	0
Slovak	535	275	265	0	0	0
Ukrainian	4,800	2,480	2,320	10	0	0
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	45	25	15	0	0	0
Southern European origins	13,320	6,695	6,620	100	40	60
Albanian	15	0	10	0	0	0
Bosnian	90	45	45	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	1,410	735	670	0	0	0
Cypriot	10	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	745	375	370	0	0	0
Italian	8,340	4,160	4,175	70	35	30
Kosovar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	85	50	35	0	0	0
Maltese	190	65	125	0	0	0
Montenegrin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	1,130	590	540	0	0	0
Serbian	645	360	285	0	0	0
Sicilian	30	10	15	0	0	0
Slovenian	560	300	265	0	0	0
Spanish	640	290	355	25	10	20
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	270	135	135	10	0	0
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other European origins	235	120	120	25	20	10
Basque	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jewish	140	75	70	0	0	0
Roma (Gypsy)	10	10	10	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	80	35	40	25	20	10
Caribbean origins	695	335	355	35	15	20
Antiguan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bahamian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Barbadian	75	45	35	0	0	0
Bermudan	15	10	15	0	0	0
Carib	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuban	55	30	20	0	0	0
Dominican	10	10	0	0	0	0
Grenadian	50	30	20	0	0	0
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	35	20	10	35	15	20
Jamaican	375	155	220	0	0	0
Kittitian/Nevisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Martinican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montserratan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	15	0	10	0	0	0
St. Lucian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	55	35	25	0	0	0
Vincentian/Grenadinian	15	10	10	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	40	25	10	0	0	0
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	10	10	10	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins	930	535	405	35	0	25
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	10	0	10	0	0	0
Arawak	10	0	10	0	0	0
Argentinian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Belizean	10	10	10	0	0	0
Bolivian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Brazilian	60	25	35	0	0	0
Chilean	50	20	25	0	0	0
Colombian	130	50	85	10	0	10
Costa Rican	35	20	15	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	20	0	20	0	0	0
Guatemalan	20	15	0	20	10	10
Guyanese	135	60	70	0	0	0
Hispanic	10	10	10	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maya	20	10	15	0	0	0
Mexican	275	225	55	10	0	10
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Panamanian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Paraguayan	25	25	0	0	0	0
Peruvian	30	10	20	0	0	0
Salvadorean	35	15	20	0	0	0
Uruguayan	10	0	0	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	10	0	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	70	25	40	0	0	0
African origins	535	280	255	110	60	55
Central and West African origins	75	40	35	40	10	30
Akan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Angolan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ashanti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burkinabe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congolese	35	15	20	30	10	20
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gabonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ibo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Liberian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malinké	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	20	20	10	0	0	0
Peulh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	10	0	10
Sierra Leonean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Togolese	10	0	10	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	10	0	0	0	0	0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	0	0	10	0	0	0
North African origins	125	55	70	15	10	10
Algerian	10	10	10	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	10	10	10
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	90	45	45	10	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maure	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moroccan	25	10	15	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	10	10	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins	205	90	110	30	20	10
Afrikaner	0	0	10	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Djiboutian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	20	0	20	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	10	0	0
Mauritian	30	10	20	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Seychellois	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
South African	135	60	70	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	10	10	0	0	0	0
Zambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	10	0	0	0	0	0
Zulu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	0	10	0	30	20	10
Other African origins	145	90	45	30	20	0
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	15	0	10	0	10	0
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	125	85	40	25	20	10
Asian origins	2,925	1,395	1,525	95	45	50
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	615	325	295	45	25	25
Afghan	50	20	30	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	0	10	0	0	0	0
Armenian	110	75	35	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	15	10	10	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hazara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian	90	50	40	0	0	0
Iraqi	50	30	20	0	0	0
Israeli	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurd	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kuwaiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanese	165	75	90	20	15	10
Palestinian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saudi Arabian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Syrian	70	40	25	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tatar	10	0	0	0	0	0
Turk	80	40	40	15	10	15
Turkmen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uighur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	15	10	10	0	0	0
South Asian origins	845	445	395	0	0	0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	20	10	10	0	0	0
Bhutanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
East Indian	685	365	315	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistani	95	30	65	0	0	0
Punjabi	25	15	15	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	45	30	10	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	0	0	0	0	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins	1,475	630	845	55	25	30
Burmese	10	0	0	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	30	20	10	0	0	0
Chinese	535	245	285	35	10	25
Filipino	385	140	240	0	0	0
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	30	10	20	0	0	0
Japanese	200	85	115	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	140	60	80	15	15	0
Laotian	25	20	10	0	0	0
Malaysian	25	0	15	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	60	30	30	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	110	50	70	0	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other Asian origins	10	0	0	0	0	0
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	10	0	0	0	0	0
Oceania origins	190	95	95	10	15	0
Australian	125	70	55	15	10	0
New Zealander	50	20	30	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins	15	10	10	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	10	0	0	0
Hawaiian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maori	10	0	0	0	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Samoan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	33,570	...	...	6,870	...	...
Owner	29,500	...	...	4,380	...	...
Renter	4,070	...	...	2,485	...	...
Band housing	0	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	33,570	...	...	6,870	...	...
Condominium	2,345	...	...	395	...	...
Not condominium	31,220	...	...	6,470	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	33,570	...	...	6,865	...	...
No bedrooms	40	...	...	50	...	...
1 bedroom	1,565	...	...	1,065	...	...
2 bedrooms	5,925	...	...	2,060	...	...
3 bedrooms	15,530	...	...	2,265	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	10,515	...	...	1,430	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	33,565	...	...	6,865	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	3,280	...	...	2,175	...	...
5 rooms	4,095	...	...	1,040	...	...
6 rooms	5,635	...	...	980	...	...
7 rooms	5,615	...	...	885	...	...
8 or more rooms	14,945	...	...	1,785	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	7.3	...	...	6.0	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	33,565	...	...	6,870	...	...
One person or fewer per room	33,450	...	...	6,840	...	...
More than 1 person per room	115	...	...	25	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	33,565	...	...	6,870	...	...
Suitable	32,820	...	...	6,785	...	...
Not suitable	750	...	...	80	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	33,570	...	...	6,865	...	...
1960 or before	8,710	...	...	2,180	...	...
1961 to 1980	7,965	...	...	2,965	...	...
1981 to 1990	4,405	...	...	890	...	...
1991 to 2000	4,785	...	...	380	...	...
2001 to 2005	2,770	...	...	130	...	...
2006 to 2010	2,510	...	...	195	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	2,415	...	...	120	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	33,570	...	...	6,865	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	31,910	...	...	6,450	...	...
Major repairs needed	1,660	...	...	420	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	33,570	...	...	6,865	...	...
1 household maintainer	17,275	...	...	4,535	...	...
2 household maintainers	15,840	...	...	2,280	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	455	...	...	55	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	33,570	...	...	6,870	...	...
15 to 24 years	290	...	...	220	...	...
25 to 34 years	3,155	...	...	670	...	...
35 to 44 years	5,165	...	...	875	...	...
45 to 54 years	7,325	...	...	1,175	...	...
55 to 64 years	7,425	...	...	1,690	...	...
65 to 74 years	5,755	...	...	1,365	...	...
75 to 84 years	3,365	...	...	615	...	...
85 years and over	1,085	...	...	265	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	32,590	...	...	6,830	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	26,935	...	...	5,670	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	5,655	...	...	1,160	...	...
30% to less than 100%	5,075	...	...	1,065	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	28,620	...	...	4,355	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	58.8	...	...	51.1	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	14.5	...	...	8.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,253	...	...	703	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,379	...	...	812	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	399,377	...	...	150,090	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	431,578	...	...	164,058	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	4,010	...	...	2,480	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	9.6	...	...	12.7	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	38.1	...	...	31.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	967	...	...	550	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,038	...	...	574	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	73,575	36,075	37,500	11,930	5,855	6,075
No certificate, diploma or degree	11,320	5,810	5,505	2,915	1,420	1,490
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	21,165	10,030	11,135	2,555	1,185	1,375
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	41,085	20,235	20,855	6,460	3,250	3,210
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	6,135	4,760	1,375	2,565	1,610	955
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	2,530	1,670	860	1,860	1,055	805
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	3,600	3,085	515	700	550	150
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	18,790	8,260	10,535	2,200	925	1,270
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,225	540	690	380	140	240
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	14,930	6,675	8,260	1,320	575	740
Bachelor's degree	10,340	4,560	5,780	1,005	420	580
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,050	455	590	130	60	65
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	465	285	175	40	25	15
Master's degree	2,690	1,170	1,520	145	70	75
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	390	205	185	0	0	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	46,085	22,605	23,480	7,325	3,590	3,735
No certificate, diploma or degree	3,520	2,115	1,410	1,205	595	610
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	12,300	6,105	6,195	1,340	635	700
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	30,265	14,385	15,875	4,785	2,365	2,420
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	3,935	3,060	880	1,985	1,210	780
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	1,575	1,035	540	1,440	790	650
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	2,360	2,025	335	545	420	125
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	14,150	6,185	7,965	1,545	655	890
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	790	335	455	225	75	150
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	11,390	4,800	6,580	1,030	420	610
Bachelor's degree	7,885	3,390	4,500	785	305	475
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	805	300	505	95	40	50
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	340	175	165	30	20	10
Master's degree	2,070	800	1,270	120	55	65
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	280	135	145	0	0	0
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	73,575	36,075	37,500	11,935	5,855	6,075
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	32,490	15,845	16,645	5,470	2,605	2,870
Education	3,020	745	2,275	595	160	430
13. Education	3,020	745	2,275	595	160	435
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,345	605	740	130	60	75
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	285	200	85	30	10	20
50. Visual and performing arts	1,065	410	655	100	50	55
Humanities	1,960	830	1,130	260	115	140
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	165	45	115	0	0	10
23. English language and literature/letters	440	90	355	0	0	10
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	380	155	230	145	65	85
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	10	0	10	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	120	70	50	15	15	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	370	240	135	15	10	10
54. History	365	220	140	15	15	10
55. French language and literature/letters	110	15	95	60	20	40
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,380	1,355	3,025	295	85	215
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	35	0	30	20	10	10
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	385	135	250	25	10	15
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,015	95	915	100	0	95
22. Legal professions and studies	500	115	385	40	25	20
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	100	20	80	10	0	10
42. Psychology	750	195	560	45	0	35
45. Social sciences	1,600	790	810	60	30	30
Business, management and public administration	7,425	2,850	4,575	1,530	425	1,105
30.16 Accounting and computer science	20	10	15	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	710	115	600	135	25	110
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	6,690	2,735	3,960	1,390	395	990
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,250	650	595	130	90	40
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	580	240	345	35	25	15
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	230	120	110	45	30	10
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	0	0	10	30	10	20
40. Physical sciences	340	270	70	20	20	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	90	25	65	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	995	575	425	150	75	75
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	715	455	255	115	65	50
25. Library science	60	0	60	20	0	20
27. Mathematics and statistics	210	110	105	20	10	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	15	10	0	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	9,800	9,195	610	1,710	1,635	75
04. Architecture and related services	265	195	65	50	20	25
14. Engineering	1,340	1,140	195	70	70	10
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	2,465	2,205	260	240	225	20
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	1,965	1,950	15	400	390	10
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,380	2,340	35	525	510	15
48. Precision production	1,390	1,355	35	415	420	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,140	755	385	210	180	30
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	840	585	260	55	35	20
03. Natural resources and conservation	300	175	125	160	145	10
Health and related fields	6,990	1,260	5,730	885	135	750
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	755	365	390	50	30	20
51. Health professions and related programs	6,090	800	5,295	825	100	725
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	145	95	50	10	10	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,765	1,415	1,355	545	285	265
12. Personal and culinary services	1,315	260	1,055	290	60	235
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	10	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	20	20	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	970	685	275	80	60	25
49. Transportation and materials moving	460	440	20	175	170	10
Other	10	0	10	10	0	10
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	10	0	10	10	0	10
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	46,085	22,605	23,480	7,325	3,590	3,735
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	15,820	8,215	7,600	2,545	1,230	1,315
Education	2,000	475	1,525	330	80	250
13. Education	2,000	475	1,525	330	85	245
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,040	445	595	100	45	55
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	230	160	70	20	10	10
50. Visual and performing arts	815	280	530	80	40	40
Humanities	1,310	545	765	150	65	85
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	100	20	80	0	0	10
23. English language and literature/letters	290	55	240	10	0	10
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	260	105	155	80	45	35
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	10	0	10	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	85	55	30	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	245	170	80	10	10	0
54. History	255	145	105	10	0	10
55. French language and literature/letters	75	0	65	45	15	30
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,420	950	2,470	265	70	195
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	20	0	20	15	10	10
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	325	105	220	20	0	20
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	815	65	750	90	10	85
22. Legal professions and studies	425	80	345	40	20	20
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	70	10	60	0	0	10
42. Psychology	555	120	435	40	10	35
45. Social sciences	1,205	560	645	55	30	25
Business, management and public administration	5,705	2,115	3,585	1,210	300	910
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	0	0	0	10
44. Public administration and social service professions	570	90	480	115	20	95
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	5,130	2,030	3,100	1,095	280	810
Physical and life sciences and technologies	905	475	440	85	70	10
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	445	185	260	30	25	10
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	180	95	85	40	30	10
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	10	0	0	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	210	170	45	20	25	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	60	20	40	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	830	475	355	110	55	50
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	615	385	230	90	50	45
25. Library science	45	0	45	10	0	10
27. Mathematics and statistics	155	75	75	10	10	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	15	10	10	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	6,930	6,455	475	1,285	1,225	50
04. Architecture and related services	210	150	55	50	25	25
14. Engineering	980	815	160	55	50	0
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	1,740	1,540	200	200	190	10
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	1,355	1,335	20	245	245	10
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,725	1,700	20	385	375	10
48. Precision production	920	905	20	340	340	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	850	530	320	175	145	25
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	625	405	220	50	35	15
03. Natural resources and conservation	225	125	100	125	110	15
Health and related fields	5,195	870	4,325	650	105	550
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	605	275	330	45	20	20
51. Health professions and related programs	4,485	535	3,950	605	75	530
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	105	60	45	10	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,070	1,055	1,015	425	195	230
12. Personal and culinary services	975	195	780	235	35	205
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	0	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	745	510	230	65	45	25
49. Transportation and materials moving	340	335	10	120	120	0
Other	10	0	10	10	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	10	0	10	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	73,575	36,075	37,500	11,930	5,855	6,080
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	32,490	15,840	16,645	5,470	2,600	2,870
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	41,090	20,235	20,855	6,465	3,255	3,210
Location of study inside Canada	36,805	18,015	18,800	6,375	3,205	3,170
Same as province or territory of residence	34,965	17,155	17,810	6,280	3,140	3,135
Different than province or territory of residence	1,845	855	990	95	65	30
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	4,280	2,225	2,060	85	50	40
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	1,765	825	945	0	0	0
Philippines	75	10	65	0	0	0
India	55	30	25	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	935	600	330	10	0	10
China^{Census data footnote 162}	50	30	20	0	0	0
France	20	10	15	50	45	10
Other	1,375	720	655	25	10	20
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	46,085	22,610	23,475	7,325	3,590	3,735
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	15,820	8,215	7,600	2,545	1,225	1,315
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	30,265	14,390	15,875	4,780	2,360	2,420
Location of study inside Canada	27,610	13,155	14,450	4,730	2,335	2,395
Same as province or territory of residence	26,335	12,580	13,760	4,685	2,305	2,380
Different than province or territory of residence	1,270	580	690	45	30	20
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	2,660	1,235	1,425	55	25	30
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	1,325	565	760	0	0	0
Philippines	65	10	55	0	0	0
India	45	20	25	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	365	220	150	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 162}	40	20	15	0	0	0
France	15	10	15	25	20	0
Other	795	395	405	25	10	20
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	73,575	36,075	37,495	11,930	5,855	6,075
In the labour force	48,405	25,475	22,930	6,790	3,535	3,250
Employed	45,950	24,165	21,785	6,105	3,075	3,035
Unemployed	2,450	1,305	1,145	680	465	215
Not in the labour force	25,175	10,600	14,575	5,145	2,320	2,830
Participation rate	65.8	70.6	61.2	56.9	60.4	53.5
Employment rate	62.5	67.0	58.1	51.2	52.5	50.0
Unemployment rate	5.1	5.1	5.0	10.0	13.2	6.6
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	73,575	36,075	37,500	11,930	5,855	6,075
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	22,220	9,220	12,995	4,845	2,125	2,720
Worked	51,360	26,860	24,500	7,085	3,725	3,355
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	27,385	16,180	11,200	3,265	1,725	1,540
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	23,975	10,680	13,300	3,820	2,005	1,815
Average weeks worked in reference year	43.2	44.0	42.5	41.2	40.3	42.2
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	48,400	25,470	22,930	6,790	3,540	3,250
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	515	250	265	155	105	50
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	47,885	25,220	22,665	6,630	3,435	3,195
Employee	41,135	21,025	20,110	6,040	3,095	2,945
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	6,750	4,195	2,555	595	340	255
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	48,400	25,475	22,930	6,790	3,540	3,250
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	515	255	265	155	105	50
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	47,885	25,220	22,660	6,635	3,435	3,200
0 Management occupations	6,455	4,125	2,330	640	390	250
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	7,040	1,840	5,205	1,010	230	780
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	2,565	2,070	495	260	210	50
3 Health occupations	3,495	500	2,990	495	90	405
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	5,560	2,010	3,550	815	245	570
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,205	500	700	125	45	75
6 Sales and service occupations	9,680	3,915	5,760	1,635	710	925
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	7,705	7,280	425	1,080	1,050	30
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	2,010	1,250	755	155	135	20
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	2,180	1,730	450	425	335	90
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	48,400	25,475	22,930	6,790	3,540	3,250
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	515	255	265	155	100	50
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	47,885	25,220	22,660	6,630	3,435	3,200
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	2,770	1,625	1,145	190	160	35
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	120	95	20	15	15	0
22 Utilities	385	270	110	65	55	0
23 Construction	3,995	3,495	500	340	305	35
31-33 Manufacturing	5,595	4,395	1,190	815	645	170
41 Wholesale trade	2,300	1,540	760	70	65	10
44-45 Retail trade	4,760	2,085	2,670	1,115	560	555
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,960	1,365	595	335	295	35
51 Information and cultural industries	595	325	265	100	45	55
52 Finance and insurance	1,735	720	1,015	225	50	170
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	795	415	380	60	50	10
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	2,665	1,435	1,230	205	95	110
55 Management of companies and enterprises	50	25	25	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,005	1,275	725	175	115	55
61 Educational services	4,040	1,290	2,750	495	170	325
62 Health care and social assistance	5,540	730	4,810	990	245	745
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,030	535	495	100	55	40
72 Accommodation and food services	2,735	935	1,800	455	150	300
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,330	1,230	1,100	290	105	180
91 Public administration	2,485	1,420	1,060	605	255	350
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	45,950	24,165	21,780	6,100	3,070	3,035
Worked at home	4,520	2,230	2,290	270	115	160
Worked outside Canada	235	165	70	10	0	10
No fixed workplace address	5,290	3,965	1,330	455	315	135
Worked at usual place	35,905	17,810	18,090	5,370	2,640	2,735
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	35,905	17,805	18,095	5,370	2,635	2,735
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	8,555	3,765	4,790	4,910	2,330	2,580
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	12,885	5,865	7,020	85	65	25
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	14,355	8,115	6,240	360	225	135
Commute to a different province or territory	110	65	45	20	15	0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	41,195	21,770	19,420	5,825	2,955	2,870
Car, truck, van - as a driver	36,535	19,530	17,000	4,975	2,565	2,405
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	2,065	955	1,105	205	90	115
Public transit	465	200	265	20	15	0
Walked	1,575	785	790	500	205	295
Bicycle	225	160	65	35	30	10
Other method	335	135	200	95	50	45
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	41,190	21,775	19,420	5,825	2,955	2,870
Less than 15 minutes	11,145	5,005	6,140	4,465	2,125	2,345
15 to 29 minutes	13,745	6,900	6,850	960	540	420
30 to 44 minutes	8,850	4,975	3,865	170	125	45
45 to 59 minutes	3,700	2,185	1,510	85	55	35
60 minutes and over	3,755	2,705	1,050	140	110	35
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	41,195	21,775	19,425	5,825	2,955	2,875
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	3,415	2,690	720	290	235	60
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	8,060	5,375	2,685	935	610	325
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	11,540	5,710	5,835	2,000	925	1,070
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	8,350	3,215	5,140	1,300	495	810
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	3,640	1,345	2,300	335	115	225
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	6,180	3,445	2,740	960	575	380
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	52,590	27,445	25,145	7,325	3,825	3,500
Single responses	52,345	27,350	24,990	7,195	3,750	3,455
Official languages	52,125	27,175	24,950	7,195	3,750	3,450
English	51,930	27,130	24,805	65	40	25
French	195	45	145	7,135	3,705	3,425
Non-official languages	215	175	45	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	215	175	45	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	190	155	35	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	25	15	10	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	30	15	10	0	0	0
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	10	10	10	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	15	10	10	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	10	10	0	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	0	0	10	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	15	10	10	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	10	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	10	0	10	0	0	0
Iranian languages	10	0	10	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	10	10	10	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	145	130	10	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	10	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	130	135	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	10	10	0	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	10	10	0	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	10	10	10	0	0	0
Chinese languages	15	10	10	0	0	0
Cantonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	15	10	10	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	250	100	155	125	80	50
English and French	120	40	80	125	75	50
English and non-official language	130	65	70	10	10	0
French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	10	0	0	0
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	52,595	27,450	25,145	7,325	3,825	3,505
None	51,325	26,890	24,435	6,625	3,415	3,210
English	215	80	130	670	390	285
French	510	210	305	35	25	10
Non-official language	515	265	250	0	0	0
Aboriginal	10	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	510	265	245	0	0	0
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language	30	10	20	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	87,920	43,400	44,520	13,600	6,715	6,885
Non-movers	79,705	39,325	40,380	12,335	6,075	6,255
Movers	8,220	4,080	4,140	1,265	640	625
Non-migrants	2,365	1,095	1,270	895	445	450
Migrants	5,850	2,985	2,865	370	195	180
Internal migrants	5,540	2,810	2,725	345	170	170
Intraprovincial migrants	5,300	2,675	2,625	330	160	170
Interprovincial migrants	240	140	105	15	10	0
External migrants	315	170	145	25	20	10
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	84,145	41,480	42,670	13,150	6,500	6,655
Non-movers	58,090	28,755	29,330	9,115	4,480	4,630
Movers	26,055	12,725	13,335	4,040	2,020	2,020
Non-migrants	8,050	3,860	4,195	2,640	1,310	1,335
Migrants	18,005	8,860	9,140	1,400	710	690
Internal migrants	17,195	8,425	8,770	1,315	655	660
Intraprovincial migrants	16,610	8,135	8,475	1,285	630	650
Interprovincial migrants	585	295	290	30	25	10
External migrants	810	435	375	90	55	35

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Niagara West [Federal electoral district], Ontario and Matane, V [Census subdivision], Quebec (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 17, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Niagara West [Federal electoral district], Ontario and Matane, Ville [Census subdivision], Quebec

Census Profile, 2016 Census Niagara West [Federal electoral district], Ontario and Matane, Ville [Census subdivision], Quebec

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Niagara West [Federal electoral district], Ontario and Matane, Ville [Census subdivision], Quebec