Census Profile, 2016 Census
Ottawa [Economic region], Ontario and Ontario [Province]

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Ottawa Ontario [Economic region]			Ontario [Province]
	Data quality , Ottawa [Economic region], Ontario Map : Ottawa [Economic region], Ontario Change geography 1			Data quality : Ontario [Province] Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	1,306,249	...	...	13,448,494	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	1,244,909	...	...	12,851,821	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	4.9	...	...	4.6	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	564,144	...	...	5,598,391	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	528,303	...	...	5,169,174	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	89.9	...	...	14.8	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	14,523.17	...	...	908,699.33	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	1,306,250	636,060	670,185	13,448,495	6,559,390	6,889,105
0 to 14 years	212,825	108,335	104,490	2,207,970	1,131,615	1,076,350
0 to 4 years	66,855	33,960	32,895	697,360	357,300	340,055
5 to 9 years	73,325	37,365	35,960	756,085	387,320	368,765
10 to 14 years	72,650	37,010	35,635	754,530	387,000	367,530
15 to 64 years	870,635	426,940	443,690	8,988,865	4,412,115	4,576,750
15 to 19 years	77,855	39,645	38,210	811,670	416,730	394,945
20 to 24 years	88,135	44,735	43,400	894,390	457,815	436,570
25 to 29 years	82,255	40,915	41,340	874,350	436,345	438,010
30 to 34 years	80,635	39,395	41,240	864,765	420,800	443,965
35 to 39 years	78,700	37,620	41,080	842,485	402,900	439,585
40 to 44 years	84,245	40,225	44,025	871,875	418,465	453,415
45 to 49 years	90,310	43,900	46,415	937,385	453,105	484,275
50 to 54 years	104,995	51,625	53,370	1,056,345	517,170	539,175
55 to 59 years	98,890	48,080	50,805	989,460	482,280	507,180
60 to 64 years	84,610	40,800	43,805	846,145	406,505	439,640
65 years and over	222,790	100,785	122,005	2,251,655	1,015,655	1,236,000
65 to 69 years	74,925	36,000	38,925	737,745	352,475	385,270
70 to 74 years	53,270	25,350	27,925	528,645	250,455	278,185
75 to 79 years	38,050	17,540	20,510	393,010	179,810	213,195
80 to 84 years	27,315	11,930	15,390	291,185	126,825	164,360
85 years and over	29,230	9,970	19,260	301,075	106,090	194,985
85 to 89 years	17,590	6,670	10,925	188,470	73,045	115,425
90 to 94 years	8,925	2,720	6,205	88,390	27,400	60,990
95 to 99 years	2,390	545	1,845	21,210	5,150	16,060
100 years and over	325	35	290	3,005	495	2,520
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16.3	17.0	15.6	16.4	17.3	15.6
15 to 64 years	66.7	67.1	66.2	66.8	67.3	66.4
65 years and over	17.1	15.8	18.2	16.7	15.5	17.9
85 years and over	2.2	1.6	2.9	2.2	1.6	2.8
Average age of the population	41.3	40.3	42.1	41.0	40.0	41.9
Median age of the population	42.0	40.9	42.9	41.3	40.2	42.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	528,300	...	...	5,169,175	...	...
Single-detached house	272,360	...	...	2,807,380	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	70,860	...	...	886,705	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	182,795	...	...	1,460,200	...	...
Semi-detached house	28,680	...	...	289,975	...	...
Row house	84,710	...	...	460,425	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	11,760	...	...	176,080	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	56,555	...	...	522,810	...	...
Other single-attached house	1,085	...	...	10,910	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	2,295	...	...	14,890	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	528,305	...	...	5,169,170	...	...
1 person	146,030	...	...	1,341,300	...	...
2 persons	186,755	...	...	1,693,525	...	...
3 persons	80,655	...	...	834,260	...	...
4 persons	74,420	...	...	796,320	...	...
5 or more persons	40,440	...	...	503,775	...	...
Number of persons in private households	1,280,925	...	...	13,242,160	...	...
Average household size	2.4	...	...	2.6	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	1,093,420	527,725	565,695	11,240,525	5,427,775	5,812,750
Married or living common law	632,850	316,200	316,645	6,438,085	3,219,290	3,218,795
Married	523,310	261,195	262,115	5,531,930	2,764,275	2,767,655
Living common law	109,535	55,010	54,530	906,155	455,015	451,145
Not married and not living common law	460,575	211,525	249,050	4,802,440	2,208,485	2,593,955
Never married	305,850	161,735	144,115	3,182,785	1,689,180	1,493,605
Separated	30,515	12,830	17,690	328,675	138,140	190,535
Divorced	64,970	24,770	40,200	653,835	252,900	400,935
Widowed	59,245	12,195	47,045	637,150	128,265	508,880
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	367,185	...	...	3,782,540	...	...
2 persons	188,495	...	...	1,815,000	...	...
3 persons	76,545	...	...	844,545	...	...
4 persons	71,525	...	...	792,435	...	...
5 or more persons	30,615	...	...	330,560	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	367,190	...	...	3,782,545	...	...
Total couple families	309,715	...	...	3,137,570	...	...
Married couples	254,970	...	...	2,684,735	...	...
Common-law couples	54,740	...	...	452,840	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	57,470	...	...	644,975	...	...
Female parent	45,205	...	...	518,480	...	...
Male parent	12,265	...	...	126,495	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	309,715	...	...	3,137,565	...	...
Couples without children	154,190	...	...	1,428,575	...	...
Couples with children	155,525	...	...	1,708,995	...	...
1 child	59,985	...	...	658,305	...	...
2 children	66,800	...	...	738,710	...	...
3 or more children	28,740	...	...	311,975	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	57,470	...	...	644,975	...	...
1 child	34,305	...	...	386,425	...	...
2 children	16,560	...	...	186,240	...	...
3 or more children	6,600	...	...	72,310	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	223,895	104,115	119,775	2,139,825	990,525	1,149,300
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	528,305	...	...	5,169,175	...	...
One-census-family households	351,225	...	...	3,481,885	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	147,595	...	...	1,311,575	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	203,625	...	...	2,170,315	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	7,860	...	...	145,615	...	...
Non-census-family households	169,220	...	...	1,541,665	...	...
One-person households	146,030	...	...	1,341,305	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	23,185	...	...	200,365	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	1,290,265	629,570	660,695	13,312,865	6,503,875	6,808,990
English only	780,650	394,930	385,725	11,455,500	5,689,830	5,765,665
French only	24,230	10,370	13,860	40,040	17,340	22,705
English and French	471,105	218,615	252,490	1,490,390	665,850	824,540
Neither English nor French	14,285	5,660	8,625	326,935	130,850	196,085
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	1,290,260	629,565	660,695	13,312,865	6,503,880	6,808,995
English	1,029,820	508,530	521,290	12,394,325	6,095,970	6,298,355
French	223,430	104,590	118,845	504,130	236,875	267,250
English and French	23,115	10,975	12,145	92,940	42,910	50,030
Neither English nor French	13,900	5,470	8,425	321,480	128,125	193,355
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	234,985	110,075	124,910	550,600	258,330	292,270
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	18.2	17.5	18.9	4.1	4.0	4.3
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	1,290,265	629,570	660,695	13,312,870	6,503,875	6,808,990
Single responses	1,251,055	610,960	640,100	12,946,960	6,327,630	6,619,330
Official languages	1,036,580	509,710	526,870	9,393,040	4,637,520	4,755,520
English	825,155	410,215	414,935	8,902,320	4,406,210	4,496,110
French	211,425	99,490	111,935	490,715	231,310	259,410
Non-official languages	214,475	101,250	113,230	3,553,920	1,690,110	1,863,810
Aboriginal languages	1,185	475	705	22,765	10,815	11,950
Algonquian languages	315	135	180	21,235	10,175	11,060
Blackfoot	0	0	0	10	5	5
Cree-Montagnais languages	170	75	95	5,080	2,485	2,595
Atikamekw	0	0	0	5	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	5	5	5	5
Moose Cree	5	0	0	85	40	45
Naskapi	10	5	0	10	5	5
Northern East Cree	25	15	10	55	25	30
Plains Cree	10	5	5	35	5	30
Southern East Cree	0	0	5	5	0	0
Swampy Cree	30	15	20	355	135	225
Woods Cree	0	0	0	15	10	5
Cree, n.o.s.	80	35	45	4,500	2,255	2,245
Eastern Algonquian languages	25	10	10	90	40	50
Malecite	5	0	0	10	5	0
Mi'kmaq	20	5	15	85	35	50
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	120	45	75	16,025	7,620	8,400
Algonquin	25	10	20	65	30	35
Ojibway	85	35	55	9,505	4,515	4,985
Oji-Cree	5	0	0	6,310	3,015	3,300
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	5	0	145	65	80
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	30	20	10
Athabaskan languages	10	0	10	60	20	40
Northern Athabaskan languages	5	0	5	55	20	35
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	5	0	5
Chilcotin	0	0	0	5	0	5
Dene	10	0	5	20	10	10
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	5	5	5
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	10	0	5
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	5	5	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	5
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	5
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	5
Haida	0	0	0	0	5	0
Inuit languages	375	130	240	475	165	305
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	5	5	5
Inuktitut	340	120	220	425	145	280
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	45	20	25
Iroquoian languages	470	200	270	710	300	410
Cayuga	0	0	0	40	20	20
Mohawk	460	200	260	590	255	335
Oneida	0	0	0	55	15	40
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	20	5	15
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	5	5	0	25	15	15
Salish languages	0	0	0	5	0	5
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	10	5	5
Dakota	0	0	0	5	5	5
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	5	0	0	5	5	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	5
Nisga'a	0	0	0	5	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	5	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	5
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	5	5	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	15	10	5	235	130	105
Non-Aboriginal languages	213,300	100,770	112,525	3,531,160	1,679,300	1,851,865
Afro-Asiatic languages	44,975	22,550	22,425	253,830	127,720	126,110
Berber languages	380	200	180	725	405	320
Kabyle	250	130	120	425	225	200
Berber languages, n.i.e.	125	65	60	305	180	120
Cushitic languages	6,660	2,875	3,785	24,605	10,730	13,870
Bilen	45	30	25	250	140	110
Oromo	220	125	95	1,445	720	730
Somali	6,305	2,685	3,620	22,680	9,755	12,925
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	90	45	50	225	115	110
Semitic languages	37,880	19,445	18,435	227,985	116,320	111,665
Amharic	1,465	690	775	10,720	4,960	5,760
Arabic	34,870	17,995	16,875	171,370	88,400	82,965
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	75	30	40	14,555	7,135	7,420
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	10	5	5	4,795	2,365	2,425
Harari	60	30	30	1,030	485	545
Hebrew	370	195	170	11,575	6,220	5,350
Maltese	45	20	25	5,175	2,575	2,600
Tigrigna	910	440	470	7,345	3,470	3,870
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	75	40	35	1,435	705	730
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	55	30	25	520	265	250
Austro-Asiatic languages	7,230	3,315	3,915	78,125	35,880	42,240
Khmer (Cambodian)	1,110	490	620	7,355	3,330	4,020
Vietnamese	6,110	2,820	3,285	70,690	32,520	38,165
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	5	5	5	85	30	50
Austronesian languages	8,180	2,925	5,255	194,380	76,060	118,315
Bikol	30	10	25	595	260	330
Cebuano	395	125	270	6,545	2,500	4,045
Fijian	5	0	0	80	45	40
Hiligaynon	115	35	75	2,750	1,030	1,725
Ilocano	585	230	355	11,285	4,430	6,860
Malagasy	60	30	30	100	45	55
Malay	420	170	250	5,760	2,520	3,240
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	25	10	15	1,505	670	840
Pangasinan	35	15	20	535	215	315
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	6,345	2,240	4,105	163,415	63,665	99,755
Waray-Waray	45	15	30	405	140	270
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	130	45	85	1,400	550	850
Creole languages	4,285	1,795	2,490	11,255	5,095	6,165
Haitian Creole	300	135	170	630	290	340
Creole, n.o.s.	3,800	1,575	2,220	8,025	3,580	4,440
Creole languages, n.i.e.	185	85	95	2,605	1,225	1,380
Dravidian languages	4,305	2,225	2,080	148,605	73,530	75,075
Kannada	225	120	110	2,670	1,365	1,305
Malayalam	690	360	325	17,140	8,795	8,350
Tamil	2,880	1,470	1,410	117,630	57,310	60,320
Telugu	495	270	225	10,820	5,895	4,925
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	340	165	175
Hmong-Mien languages	5	0	0	525	250	270
Indo-European languages	97,310	46,485	50,825	2,024,365	980,200	1,044,165
Albanian	665	330	335	19,045	9,535	9,510
Armenian	505	260	245	15,070	7,305	7,765
Balto-Slavic languages	21,810	9,780	12,035	410,725	188,695	222,025
Baltic languages	535	225	310	9,080	3,785	5,295
Latvian	295	130	165	3,910	1,650	2,260
Lithuanian	240	95	145	5,175	2,135	3,035
Slavic languages	21,280	9,555	11,720	401,645	184,915	216,730
Belarusan	40	20	20	515	230	280
Bosnian	615	280	335	6,370	3,125	3,245
Bulgarian	875	410	465	9,095	4,355	4,740
Croatian	1,075	495	575	31,875	15,460	16,410
Czech	1,070	490	585	10,670	4,930	5,740
Macedonian	65	30	40	15,635	7,470	8,165
Polish	6,075	2,735	3,345	121,075	54,675	66,405
Russian	6,390	2,780	3,605	101,100	45,630	55,470
Serbian	1,800	860	935	41,740	20,585	21,150
Serbo-Croatian	525	255	270	4,875	2,310	2,570
Slovak	630	285	345	10,280	4,710	5,565
Slovene (Slovenian)	240	95	140	6,740	2,995	3,745
Ukrainian	1,835	795	1,035	40,375	17,760	22,610
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	45	25	15	1,310	670	635
Celtic languages	145	65	80	1,110	505	605
Scottish Gaelic	55	30	25	450	210	240
Welsh	65	25	40	435	180	260
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	225	120	110
Germanic languages	13,500	6,330	7,165	200,640	94,475	106,165
Afrikaans	190	90	100	2,295	1,125	1,170
Danish	400	190	210	4,265	2,010	2,250
Dutch	4,145	2,010	2,130	51,720	24,875	26,840
Frisian	120	65	55	1,240	630	620
German	7,820	3,575	4,245	131,525	61,520	70,005
Icelandic	25	15	15	210	100	110
Norwegian	160	60	95	940	405	540
Swedish	310	155	155	2,395	1,040	1,350
Vlaams (Flemish)	120	55	65	2,150	925	1,225
Yiddish	190	105	80	3,735	1,765	1,970
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	170	80	85
Greek	2,540	1,350	1,195	55,415	27,305	28,110
Indo-Iranian languages	28,465	14,365	14,100	707,845	357,350	350,495
Indo-Aryan languages	19,615	9,910	9,705	565,600	285,720	279,875
Bengali	3,380	1,685	1,695	46,810	23,615	23,195
Gujarati	1,615	845	770	76,675	38,740	37,940
Hindi	2,940	1,505	1,440	58,735	29,805	28,930
Kashmiri	25	10	10	345	170	175
Konkani	110	55	50	2,510	1,195	1,315
Marathi	300	150	145	5,490	2,805	2,685
Nepali	935	445	490	7,870	3,915	3,960
Oriya (Odia)	40	25	15	715	380	335
Punjabi (Panjabi)	4,105	2,105	2,000	197,060	100,160	96,895
Sindhi	285	130	150	6,840	3,225	3,615
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	840	405	435	10,165	4,925	5,235
Urdu	5,040	2,550	2,495	152,385	76,795	75,595
Iranian languages	8,745	4,395	4,355	139,675	70,270	69,405
Kurdish	660	345	315	6,665	3,615	3,050
Pashto	1,090	550	540	10,950	5,630	5,315
Persian (Farsi)	6,990	3,500	3,495	122,070	61,025	61,040
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	100	60	45	2,565	1,350	1,215
Italic (Romance) languages	29,675	14,005	15,670	614,525	295,030	319,490
Catalan	30	15	15	285	150	135
Italian	9,725	4,860	4,865	231,040	112,440	118,600
Portuguese	4,490	2,105	2,390	150,000	72,280	77,715
Romanian	2,690	1,230	1,460	41,755	19,565	22,190
Spanish	12,710	5,780	6,925	191,025	90,390	100,630
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	420	200	215
Japanese	1,055	320	735	13,260	4,590	8,670
Kartvelian languages	35	10	20	1,200	635	565
Georgian	35	10	25	1,200	635	565
Korean	2,170	915	1,250	69,775	32,035	37,740
Mongolic languages	30	15	15	405	180	220
Mongolian	30	15	15	405	180	225
Niger-Congo languages	5,490	2,420	3,070	35,760	16,705	19,050
Akan (Twi)	365	180	185	9,695	4,510	5,190
Bamanankan	80	30	45	140	60	80
Edo	35	15	20	1,140	475	670
Ewe	75	25	50	560	270	295
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	105	45	55	365	180	185
Ga	60	35	30	600	275	325
Ganda	125	60	65	760	360	400
Igbo	195	95	90	2,090	1,080	1,010
Lingala	340	125	210	850	365	485
Rundi (Kirundi)	850	365	485	1,430	640	785
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	655	235	420	1,330	545	785
Shona	115	45	70	1,455	660	790
Swahili	1,125	500	625	5,525	2,540	2,985
Wolof	80	40	45	290	145	150
Yoruba	245	130	115	4,365	2,260	2,105
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	1,055	495	555	5,155	2,345	2,810
Nilo-Saharan languages	305	140	170	1,610	810	800
Dinka	90	45	45	345	170	175
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	220	95	125	1,260	635	625
Sign languages	280	135	145	3,030	1,570	1,455
American Sign Language	95	35	55	1,305	640	670
Quebec Sign Language	15	10	5	20	10	15
Sign languages, n.i.e	165	90	80	1,700	925	780
Sino-Tibetan languages	32,610	15,125	17,485	611,795	284,865	326,935
Chinese languages	31,795	14,730	17,065	602,610	280,340	322,270
Cantonese	10,370	4,875	5,490	275,315	128,090	147,220
Hakka	165	65	95	6,985	3,140	3,840
Mandarin	18,895	8,700	10,195	283,735	132,275	151,460
Min Dong	50	25	25	855	405	450
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	740	320	420	13,545	6,240	7,300
Wu (Shanghainese)	450	205	245	6,300	2,825	3,470
Chinese, n.o.s.	1,110	525	585	15,645	7,235	8,410
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	240	120	120
Tibeto-Burman languages	815	395	420	9,185	4,520	4,660
Burmese	225	120	110	1,640	775	865
Karenic languages	325	155	165	1,730	865	860
Tibetan	95	50	45	5,115	2,530	2,585
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	170	75	95	700	345	350
Tai-Kadai languages	735	255	485	8,485	3,535	4,945
Lao	360	165	200	5,190	2,480	2,710
Thai	375	90	285	3,270	1,045	2,220
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	5	0	25	10	15
Turkic languages	1,705	870	835	22,615	11,745	10,870
Azerbaijani	125	70	55	1,990	1,070	920
Turkish	1,440	735	700	18,415	9,610	8,810
Uyghur	10	5	5	515	255	260
Uzbek	65	30	40	1,055	515	545
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	65	30	35	640	295	345
Uralic languages	2,440	1,185	1,260	50,670	23,095	27,570
Estonian	185	95	90	4,205	1,810	2,400
Finnish	365	155	210	9,720	4,140	5,580
Hungarian	1,885	935	950	36,740	17,150	19,590
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	150	85	65	1,475	780	690
Multiple responses	39,205	18,610	20,595	365,910	176,250	189,660
English and French	16,445	7,785	8,660	54,045	25,165	28,880
English and non-official language	16,205	7,825	8,385	288,285	140,345	147,940
French and non-official language	4,000	1,825	2,175	12,565	5,735	6,830
English, French and non-official language	2,550	1,175	1,375	11,010	5,000	6,005
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	1,290,260	629,570	660,695	13,312,865	6,503,875	6,808,990
Single responses	1,226,575	599,570	627,000	12,522,045	6,123,955	6,398,085
Official languages	1,122,855	550,665	572,190	10,605,725	5,214,425	5,391,300
English	972,475	480,455	492,020	10,328,680	5,084,885	5,243,800
French	150,380	70,210	80,170	277,045	129,540	147,500
Non-official languages	103,715	48,910	54,810	1,916,315	909,530	1,006,780
Aboriginal languages	355	150	200	9,210	4,600	4,610
Algonquian languages	75	35	40	8,685	4,370	4,320
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	55	25	35	2,370	1,205	1,165
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	5	0	5	5	5	5
Moose Cree	5	0	0	10	10	5
Naskapi	5	5	0	10	5	5
Northern East Cree	10	5	10	20	10	15
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	5	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	5	0	5	105	50	55
Woods Cree	0	0	0	5	5	0
Cree, n.o.s.	30	15	15	2,220	1,135	1,085
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	5	5	5
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	5	5	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	20	10	10	6,305	3,155	3,145
Algonquin	0	0	0	5	0	0
Ojibway	20	15	5	3,315	1,695	1,620
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	2,905	1,420	1,490
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	75	40	35
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	20	10	10
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	15	10	10
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	5	5	0	0	5	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	5	0	5
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	5
Gwich'in	0	0	0	5	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	5	5	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	5	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	135	55	80	160	60	90
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	5	0	0	0	0	5
Inuktitut	115	50	75	140	60	80
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	15	5	10
Iroquoian languages	135	60	75	210	90	120
Cayuga	0	0	0	5	5	5
Mohawk	135	55	75	185	80	100
Oneida	0	0	0	20	5	10
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	5	5	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	5	0	5
Dakota	0	0	0	5	5	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	5
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	120	55	65
Non-Aboriginal languages	103,365	48,755	54,610	1,907,105	904,930	1,002,170
Afro-Asiatic languages	24,940	11,985	12,950	138,460	66,865	71,590
Berber languages	225	110	110	345	175	170
Kabyle	185	90	95	255	125	130
Berber languages, n.i.e.	40	20	20	90	50	45
Cushitic languages	3,855	1,580	2,275	14,460	6,100	8,360
Bilen	30	15	15	170	80	85
Oromo	130	70	60	805	380	425
Somali	3,645	1,475	2,165	13,370	5,590	7,780
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	55	20	30	110	50	65
Semitic languages	20,850	10,295	10,555	123,410	60,475	62,940
Amharic	850	400	450	5,625	2,540	3,085
Arabic	19,365	9,585	9,780	94,195	46,505	47,695
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	40	15	20	9,515	4,595	4,920
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	5	2,915	1,410	1,500
Harari	20	10	10	555	250	305
Hebrew	135	75	55	4,850	2,505	2,345
Maltese	5	0	0	1,090	505	580
Tigrigna	425	200	225	3,920	1,805	2,115
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	755	360	395
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	10	245	115	125
Austro-Asiatic languages	4,260	1,950	2,310	50,245	23,105	27,140
Khmer (Cambodian)	465	200	260	3,770	1,650	2,120
Vietnamese	3,790	1,750	2,045	46,435	21,435	25,000
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	5	0	5	40	20	20
Austronesian languages	3,425	1,430	1,995	85,370	36,525	48,845
Bikol	0	0	0	90	35	55
Cebuano	125	50	70	2,325	1,020	1,315
Fijian	0	0	0	15	10	10
Hiligaynon	45	15	25	910	385	530
Ilocano	230	110	120	4,100	1,780	2,320
Malagasy	20	10	5	35	15	20
Malay	125	50	70	1,810	860	945
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	445	200	250
Pangasinan	10	5	5	90	40	50
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	2,820	1,160	1,660	75,070	31,965	43,105
Waray-Waray	15	5	10	90	35	55
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	40	20	20	380	175	200
Creole languages	1,865	765	1,105	5,325	2,355	2,970
Haitian Creole	155	70	90	355	165	190
Creole, n.o.s.	1,645	665	980	3,995	1,735	2,255
Creole languages, n.i.e.	70	35	40	975	455	520
Dravidian languages	2,185	1,090	1,095	96,250	46,575	49,680
Kannada	80	40	35	1,060	540	520
Malayalam	290	150	140	8,760	4,460	4,295
Tamil	1,610	790	825	80,600	38,460	42,140
Telugu	195	105	90	5,705	3,050	2,655
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	125	55	70
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	200	95	105
Indo-European languages	39,895	18,945	20,950	978,300	469,640	508,670
Albanian	305	145	160	9,190	4,580	4,605
Armenian	220	105	120	8,630	4,065	4,560
Balto-Slavic languages	9,285	4,370	4,915	192,945	90,585	102,365
Baltic languages	115	50	65	2,305	950	1,355
Latvian	65	25	40	860	350	515
Lithuanian	50	25	25	1,440	600	840
Slavic languages	9,165	4,320	4,845	190,645	89,635	101,005
Belarusan	20	10	10	175	80	90
Bosnian	315	155	155	3,220	1,595	1,620
Bulgarian	420	200	220	4,830	2,350	2,480
Croatian	335	155	185	11,125	5,275	5,855
Czech	260	130	135	3,070	1,480	1,595
Macedonian	15	5	5	6,255	2,965	3,285
Polish	2,110	975	1,135	52,555	24,510	28,045
Russian	3,710	1,735	1,980	63,570	29,655	33,920
Serbian	1,040	520	525	23,175	11,335	11,840
Serbo-Croatian	200	105	100	1,925	920	1,010
Slovak	200	95	110	3,520	1,680	1,845
Slovene (Slovenian)	20	10	10	1,465	645	815
Ukrainian	520	240	280	15,415	6,995	8,420
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	355	160	190
Celtic languages	10	10	5	120	65	55
Scottish Gaelic	5	5	5	60	30	25
Welsh	0	0	0	30	10	15
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	35	20	15
Germanic languages	1,600	770	835	44,515	21,630	22,880
Afrikaans	55	25	30	755	365	390
Danish	30	10	15	280	135	150
Dutch	285	140	150	4,450	2,145	2,305
Frisian	5	5	0	90	45	45
German	1,135	535	600	37,255	18,140	19,120
Icelandic	0	0	0	45	20	30
Norwegian	15	5	10	70	30	40
Swedish	55	35	15	385	190	190
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	5	5	145	60	85
Yiddish	15	5	10	370	190	185
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	655	315	340
Greek	770	360	405	21,700	10,160	11,535
Indo-Iranian languages	15,600	7,615	7,985	435,835	215,755	220,080
Indo-Aryan languages	10,380	5,135	5,250	344,050	171,125	172,920
Bengali	2,020	975	1,045	29,590	14,595	14,995
Gujarati	700	360	340	45,445	22,410	23,035
Hindi	1,310	660	655	28,960	14,485	14,475
Kashmiri	5	0	0	65	30	35
Konkani	35	15	20	540	260	280
Marathi	115	50	65	2,420	1,230	1,190
Nepali	735	360	375	5,640	2,815	2,820
Oriya (Odia)	10	5	5	325	160	165
Punjabi (Panjabi)	2,295	1,160	1,130	132,135	66,410	65,725
Sindhi	70	30	45	2,880	1,320	1,560
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	390	190	200	4,595	2,250	2,345
Urdu	2,690	1,325	1,370	91,450	45,160	46,295
Iranian languages	5,195	2,465	2,725	90,730	44,090	46,640
Kurdish	375	195	180	3,675	1,900	1,770
Pashto	695	330	360	6,750	3,360	3,395
Persian (Farsi)	4,125	1,940	2,185	80,305	38,830	41,475
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	1,050	540	515
Italic (Romance) languages	12,110	5,575	6,535	265,375	122,790	142,585
Catalan	20	5	10	135	60	75
Italian	2,590	1,160	1,435	72,960	31,195	41,770
Portuguese	1,895	885	1,005	67,415	32,065	35,355
Romanian	1,245	580	660	19,920	9,380	10,535
Spanish	6,355	2,935	3,415	104,820	50,035	54,785
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	110	50	60
Japanese	405	140	265	6,040	2,590	3,450
Kartvelian languages	10	0	5	770	420	355
Georgian	5	5	0	775	420	355
Korean	1,205	555	650	48,540	22,685	25,855
Mongolic languages	15	10	5	225	115	110
Mongolian	15	10	5	230	120	110
Niger-Congo languages	1,485	665	825	12,120	5,400	6,725
Akan (Twi)	125	60	65	4,415	1,915	2,495
Bamanankan	15	5	10	25	15	15
Edo	0	0	0	305	120	180
Ewe	20	10	10	135	60	80
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	25	10	10	110	55	55
Ga	15	5	5	175	80	100
Ganda	30	10	15	195	85	110
Igbo	55	25	25	540	265	275
Lingala	70	25	45	225	100	130
Rundi (Kirundi)	265	130	135	475	230	240
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	230	80	150	420	160	260
Shona	25	10	5	455	210	245
Swahili	385	175	205	2,085	925	1,160
Wolof	35	15	20	130	65	65
Yoruba	50	25	25	1,300	625	675
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	150	65	80	1,120	500	625
Nilo-Saharan languages	80	35	45	550	260	290
Dinka	30	15	10	120	60	65
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	55	20	35	425	195	225
Sign languages	415	210	200	4,425	2,485	1,940
American Sign Language	125	60	70	1,605	830	770
Quebec Sign Language	20	10	15	25	15	15
Sign languages, n.i.e	265	140	125	2,795	1,640	1,150
Sino-Tibetan languages	21,420	10,140	11,280	448,200	210,560	237,640
Chinese languages	20,840	9,865	10,975	441,615	207,305	234,310
Cantonese	5,955	2,750	3,210	198,745	91,545	107,200
Hakka	55	15	35	2,870	1,305	1,575
Mandarin	13,645	6,530	7,120	220,535	105,360	115,175
Min Dong	10	5	5	265	115	145
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	290	120	170	5,775	2,635	3,140
Wu (Shanghainese)	250	120	135	3,690	1,735	1,955
Chinese, n.o.s.	635	330	305	9,630	4,565	5,070
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	100	45	55
Tibeto-Burman languages	580	275	305	6,580	3,250	3,330
Burmese	150	70	80	1,010	480	530
Karenic languages	250	120	125	1,360	685	675
Tibetan	70	35	30	3,875	1,925	1,945
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	110	45	60	335	165	170
Tai-Kadai languages	275	105	170	3,865	1,845	2,020
Lao	175	75	100	2,535	1,220	1,315
Thai	100	30	65	1,315	615	695
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	10	5	10
Turkic languages	880	430	450	12,435	6,200	6,230
Azerbaijani	55	25	25	770	385	380
Turkish	775	375	400	10,545	5,245	5,300
Uyghur	5	0	0	290	150	140
Uzbek	35	20	20	585	290	295
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	20	15	5	250	130	120
Uralic languages	570	265	305	15,330	6,990	8,340
Estonian	25	10	15	790	290	500
Finnish	40	15	20	1,835	780	1,050
Hungarian	510	240	270	12,700	5,915	6,790
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	35	20	15	465	245	225
Multiple responses	63,685	29,995	33,695	790,825	379,925	410,905
English and French	16,465	7,575	8,895	45,655	20,895	24,755
English and non-official language	38,890	18,730	20,165	719,595	347,730	371,865
French and non-official language	3,430	1,460	1,970	6,725	2,930	3,795
English, French and non-official language	4,890	2,230	2,660	18,855	8,365	10,490
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	1,290,260	629,570	660,695	13,312,865	6,503,875	6,808,990
None	1,022,345	504,475	517,870	11,071,665	5,436,665	5,635,000
English	104,095	49,350	54,745	896,170	437,015	459,155
French	81,615	37,515	44,100	243,970	108,390	135,580
Non-official language	72,705	33,895	38,810	1,056,960	501,315	555,645
Aboriginal	795	325	470	14,315	6,580	7,735
Non-Aboriginal	71,910	33,570	38,340	1,042,645	494,735	547,910
English and French	2,725	1,285	1,445	8,150	3,755	4,395
English and non-official language	2,590	1,215	1,375	19,105	9,370	9,735
French and non-official language	4,090	1,780	2,305	16,435	7,165	9,270
English, French and non-official language	90	50	45	415	205	215
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	1,068,405	517,455	550,945	11,038,440	5,342,850	5,695,590
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	1,024,135	496,175	527,955	10,556,935	5,115,460	5,441,475
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	39,244	45,394	34,252	33,539	39,889	28,676
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	1,024,515	496,225	528,290	10,559,805	5,115,825	5,443,975
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	35,031	39,940	30,991	30,641	35,753	26,585
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	925,315	455,660	469,655	9,391,800	4,650,130	4,741,675
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	38,735	45,342	32,838	32,871	39,831	27,012
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	719,730	321,760	397,970	7,632,575	3,402,810	4,229,770
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	4,758	3,006	5,640	4,206	2,034	5,463
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	755,435	383,520	371,910	7,790,680	3,998,335	3,792,350
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	38,202	43,077	33,906	33,946	39,490	29,413
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	1,068,405	517,440	550,965	11,038,440	5,342,755	5,695,685
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	1,024,165	496,050	528,120	10,556,925	5,114,340	5,442,580
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	51,139	58,668	44,067	47,915	56,780	39,585
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	1,024,570	496,070	528,495	10,559,935	5,114,725	5,445,210
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	42,043	47,391	37,023	39,318	45,443	33,564
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	925,445	455,415	470,030	9,391,645	4,649,230	4,742,415
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	50,843	59,061	42,880	47,890	57,511	38,459
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	719,720	321,675	398,045	7,632,220	3,402,745	4,229,475
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,395	6,853	7,833	7,346	6,763	7,815
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	755,430	382,920	372,515	7,790,680	3,995,700	3,794,985
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	49,503	56,094	42,728	47,369	55,263	39,057
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	1,068,405	517,440	550,965	11,038,440	5,342,755	5,695,685
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	384,140	209,230	174,910	3,737,385	2,082,480	1,654,900
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	61,057	65,412	56,694	55,121	60,345	49,713
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	70,327	76,585	62,842	68,628	76,536	58,676
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	89.8	92.4	86.6	88.9	92.1	84.7
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	71.3	73.5	68.4	72.9	76.0	68.7
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	10.2	7.6	13.4	11.1	7.9	15.3
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	1,068,405	517,455	550,945	11,038,440	5,342,850	5,695,590
Without total income	44,270	21,280	22,995	481,500	227,390	254,115
With total income	1,024,135	496,180	527,955	10,556,940	5,115,460	5,441,475
Percentage with total income	95.9	95.9	95.8	95.6	95.7	95.5
Under $10,000 (including loss)	134,680	60,355	74,330	1,615,790	711,105	904,685
$10,000 to $19,999	160,620	65,870	94,755	1,829,355	742,710	1,086,645
$20,000 to $29,999	121,075	51,245	69,825	1,410,760	589,975	820,785
$30,000 to $39,999	103,340	45,915	57,425	1,147,510	519,550	627,955
$40,000 to $49,999	96,360	44,460	51,900	1,021,880	489,595	532,285
$50,000 to $59,999	83,580	40,625	42,955	809,115	415,950	393,165
$60,000 to $69,999	71,180	36,680	34,500	630,635	348,525	282,110
$70,000 to $79,999	55,860	30,370	25,490	479,890	277,725	202,165
$80,000 to $89,999	46,960	25,965	20,995	378,185	222,095	156,095
$90,000 to $99,999	40,795	22,020	18,775	324,810	181,815	142,995
$100,000 and over	109,680	72,670	37,005	909,005	616,420	292,585
$100,000 to $149,999	78,485	50,025	28,460	600,995	394,410	206,590
$150,000 and over	31,190	22,650	8,545	308,010	222,010	86,000
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	1,068,405	517,460	550,950	11,038,440	5,342,850	5,695,590
Without after-tax income	43,890	21,235	22,655	478,635	227,025	251,610
With after-tax income	1,024,515	496,225	528,290	10,559,805	5,115,825	5,443,980
Percentage with after-tax income	95.9	95.9	95.9	95.7	95.8	95.6
Under $10,000 (including loss)	140,715	61,590	79,125	1,659,280	722,040	937,235
$10,000 to $19,999	167,310	69,085	98,225	1,906,875	777,330	1,129,540
$20,000 to $29,999	140,305	60,365	79,940	1,623,230	690,290	932,940
$30,000 to $39,999	126,395	57,435	68,960	1,377,100	642,645	734,450
$40,000 to $49,999	114,985	54,740	60,245	1,166,040	585,490	580,555
$50,000 to $59,999	94,245	48,400	45,845	845,305	464,610	380,700
$60,000 to $69,999	71,435	39,420	32,015	604,005	354,015	249,985
$70,000 to $79,999	57,830	31,845	25,985	465,485	268,140	197,345
$80,000 and over	111,300	73,345	37,950	912,490	611,260	301,230
$80,000 to $89,999	39,825	23,780	16,050	299,315	183,410	115,905
$90,000 to $99,999	22,995	15,105	7,885	174,110	116,330	57,785
$100,000 and over	48,475	34,465	14,010	439,070	311,525	127,540
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	1,068,405	517,455	550,950	11,038,440	5,342,850	5,695,590
Without employment income	312,970	133,935	179,035	3,247,760	1,344,515	1,903,245
With employment income	755,430	383,520	371,910	7,790,680	3,998,335	3,792,350
Percentage with employment income	70.7	74.1	67.5	70.6	74.8	66.6
Under $5,000 (including loss)	98,645	48,695	49,950	1,094,860	546,920	547,940
$5,000 to $9,999	57,170	25,615	31,560	635,305	281,135	354,165
$10,000 to $19,999	92,395	41,745	50,655	1,027,910	464,445	563,465
$20,000 to $29,999	73,645	34,000	39,645	827,805	372,185	455,625
$30,000 to $39,999	67,775	32,060	35,715	767,840	351,925	415,910
$40,000 to $49,999	64,035	30,445	33,590	709,775	341,320	368,450
$50,000 to $59,999	58,025	28,210	29,820	588,220	310,155	278,065
$60,000 to $69,999	49,640	25,515	24,130	465,670	263,430	202,240
$70,000 to $79,999	39,445	21,460	17,985	369,085	218,570	150,515
$80,000 and over	154,650	95,785	58,860	1,304,210	848,245	455,970
$80,000 to $89,999	37,405	20,250	17,150	307,660	182,660	125,005
$90,000 to $99,999	33,595	18,115	15,485	280,530	156,440	124,090
$100,000 and over	83,650	57,420	26,230	716,015	509,140	206,875
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	528,305	...	...	5,169,175	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	80,301	...	...	74,287	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	69,423	...	...	65,285	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	146,030	...	...	1,341,300	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	42,318	...	...	36,900	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	37,295	...	...	33,219	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	382,270	...	...	3,827,875	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	99,098	...	...	90,967	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	85,240	...	...	79,528	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	528,305	...	...	5,169,175	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	99,137	...	...	97,856	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	81,536	...	...	80,322	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	146,050	...	...	1,341,115	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	52,335	...	...	49,571	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	43,038	...	...	40,830	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	382,250	...	...	3,828,060	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	117,020	...	...	114,773	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	96,246	...	...	94,157	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	528,305	...	...	5,169,175	...	...
Under $5,000	7,725	...	...	86,720	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	6,650	...	...	70,245	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	13,535	...	...	134,395	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	17,925	...	...	185,245	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	17,370	...	...	200,770	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	17,225	...	...	189,450	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	18,305	...	...	202,580	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	18,665	...	...	207,180	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	18,980	...	...	206,605	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	18,710	...	...	202,015	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	37,200	...	...	388,820	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	36,680	...	...	363,580	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	34,135	...	...	335,770	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	32,565	...	...	309,105	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	30,320	...	...	282,740	...	...
$100,000 and over	202,320	...	...	1,803,955	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	60,890	...	...	560,090	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	43,895	...	...	394,570	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	53,260	...	...	449,885	...	...
$200,000 and over	44,275	...	...	399,410	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	528,300	...	...	5,169,175	...	...
Under $5,000	8,230	...	...	92,220	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	6,775	...	...	71,480	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	13,735	...	...	136,550	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	18,655	...	...	192,920	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	19,420	...	...	222,605	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	19,415	...	...	211,440	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	21,545	...	...	232,755	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	22,745	...	...	244,335	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	23,405	...	...	247,645	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	23,335	...	...	241,965	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	46,250	...	...	463,170	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	43,115	...	...	422,695	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	40,780	...	...	388,720	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	36,705	...	...	342,330	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	31,330	...	...	290,720	...	...
$100,000 and over	152,875	...	...	1,367,630	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	59,070	...	...	539,915	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	38,795	...	...	334,420	...	...
$150,000 and over	55,005	...	...	493,295	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	364,840	...	...	3,689,580	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	100,314	...	...	91,089	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	86,047	...	...	79,531	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	144,295	...	...	1,280,890	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	92,074	...	...	81,459	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	79,193	...	...	71,237	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	156,455	...	...	1,716,115	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	128,890	...	...	115,381	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	108,934	...	...	99,205	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	4.0	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	53,925	...	...	584,180	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	57,994	...	...	54,363	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	53,035	...	...	50,317	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	364,860	...	...	3,689,080	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	118,406	...	...	115,328	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	97,149	...	...	94,410	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	144,365	...	...	1,280,580	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	109,150	...	...	104,425	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	89,098	...	...	84,952	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	156,355	...	...	1,717,295	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	145,594	...	...	140,590	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	118,531	...	...	114,144	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	53,865	...	...	581,945	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	68,415	...	...	67,748	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	59,337	...	...	58,742	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	197,805	93,510	104,295	1,818,815	867,175	951,640
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	35,958	35,546	36,290	32,097	33,925	30,753
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	32,419	31,894	32,836	29,417	30,678	28,442
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	197,190	92,925	104,265	1,814,575	864,020	950,555
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	46,520	47,036	46,061	44,298	46,765	42,057
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	38,697	38,751	38,649	36,874	38,228	35,644
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	1,280,925	625,630	655,295	13,242,160	6,472,205	6,769,955
In the bottom half of the distribution	533,790	254,825	278,960	6,335,170	3,016,275	3,318,895
In the bottom decile	118,940	58,140	60,800	1,346,645	651,310	695,335
In the second decile	107,085	49,195	57,890	1,280,675	581,380	699,290
In the third decile	98,505	46,820	51,680	1,237,415	583,840	653,575
In the fourth decile	100,120	48,015	52,110	1,223,510	589,740	633,770
In the fifth decile	109,140	52,650	56,490	1,246,925	610,000	636,930
In the top half of the distribution	747,130	370,805	376,330	6,906,990	3,455,930	3,451,060
In the sixth decile	119,780	58,225	61,560	1,279,095	629,635	649,465
In the seventh decile	132,115	64,815	67,305	1,321,220	655,840	665,375
In the eighth decile	149,505	74,150	75,355	1,382,795	691,630	691,165
In the ninth decile	174,810	87,145	87,665	1,464,415	736,030	728,385
In the top decile	170,925	86,470	84,450	1,459,465	742,795	716,670
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	1,279,500	624,970	654,530	13,184,055	6,442,930	6,741,130
0 to 17 years	256,865	130,880	125,985	2,656,535	1,361,905	1,294,630
0 to 5 years	80,745	41,140	39,605	835,000	428,025	406,975
18 to 64 years	817,780	398,835	418,945	8,418,960	4,110,615	4,308,345
65 years and over	204,855	95,255	109,600	2,108,560	970,405	1,138,155
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	165,325	77,805	87,515	1,898,975	886,530	1,012,445
0 to 17 years	42,300	21,870	20,430	489,905	251,830	238,080
0 to 5 years	14,410	7,530	6,885	165,140	84,825	80,310
18 to 64 years	101,295	47,460	53,830	1,155,315	538,535	616,780
65 years and over	21,735	8,480	13,255	253,755	96,170	157,585
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	12.9	12.4	13.4	14.4	13.8	15.0
0 to 17 years (%)	16.5	16.7	16.2	18.4	18.5	18.4
0 to 5 years (%)	17.8	18.3	17.4	19.8	19.8	19.7
18 to 64 years (%)	12.4	11.9	12.8	13.7	13.1	14.3
65 years and over (%)	10.6	8.9	12.1	12.0	9.9	13.8
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	116,760	57,030	59,735	1,298,590	627,935	670,650
0 to 17 years	26,470	13,630	12,835	304,390	156,575	147,815
0 to 5 years	9,130	4,770	4,360	102,750	52,810	49,935
18 to 64 years	81,100	39,865	41,235	887,640	430,545	457,095
65 years and over	9,195	3,530	5,665	106,555	40,815	65,740
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	9.1	9.1	9.1	9.8	9.7	9.9
0 to 17 years (%)	10.3	10.4	10.2	11.5	11.5	11.4
0 to 5 years (%)	11.3	11.6	11.0	12.3	12.3	12.3
18 to 64 years (%)	9.9	10.0	9.8	10.5	10.5	10.6
65 years and over (%)	4.5	3.7	5.2	5.1	4.2	5.8
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	1,280,925	625,630	655,295	13,242,160	6,472,240	6,769,925
Official languages	1,266,705	620,015	646,685	12,918,075	6,342,930	6,575,145
English	1,243,200	610,095	633,100	12,879,045	6,326,225	6,552,825
French	492,145	226,905	265,230	1,521,020	677,505	843,510
Non-official languages	297,100	139,165	157,940	4,431,270	2,115,510	2,315,760
Aboriginal languages	2,055	825	1,230	33,855	15,815	18,035
Algonquian languages	575	235	340	30,630	14,505	16,125
Blackfoot	0	0	0	15	15	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	220	85	135	6,560	3,160	3,395
Atikamekw	0	0	0	10	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	10	0	10
Moose Cree	0	0	0	145	70	75
Naskapi	20	10	10	25	10	10
Northern East Cree	30	10	10	65	25	45
Plains Cree	10	0	10	105	50	50
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	55	20	35	605	255	350
Woods Cree	20	10	15	45	25	25
Cree, n.o.s.	90	35	55	5,620	2,760	2,865
Eastern Algonquian languages	50	30	20	180	95	85
Malecite	10	10	0	20	20	0
Mi'kmaq	40	25	20	160	75	85
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	305	115	185	23,980	11,285	12,690
Algonquin	70	35	35	205	95	105
Ojibway	215	80	135	16,220	7,600	8,630
Oji-Cree	15	10	10	7,515	3,585	3,935
Ottawa (Odawa)	10	0	0	200	105	100
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	85	40	50
Athabaskan languages	20	0	20	85	25	65
Northern Athabaskan languages	20	0	15	80	25	55
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	10	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	10	0	10
Chilcotin	10	0	10	10	0	10
Dene	15	0	10	45	20	30
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	10	0	10
Gwich'in	0	0	0	10	0	10
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	10
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	10	0	0	10	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	635	240	395	840	320	525
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	10	0	10	10	0	10
Inuktitut	580	225	355	730	285	445
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	50	15	35	105	35	70
Iroquoian languages	825	345	475	1,940	810	1,125
Cayuga	0	0	0	120	35	85
Mohawk	810	345	470	1,625	710	915
Oneida	0	0	0	180	55	125
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	50	25	25
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	180	65	110
Salish languages	0	0	10	10	0	10
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	10	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Siouan languages	0	0	0	40	10	30
Dakota	0	0	0	20	10	10
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	0	15
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	10	10	0	10
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	10	0	10
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Wakashan languages	0	10	0	10	10	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	10
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	10	0	0	10	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	10	210	100	110
Non-Aboriginal languages	295,135	138,385	156,750	4,397,690	2,099,820	2,297,865
Afro-Asiatic languages	62,485	31,325	31,165	362,645	183,050	179,595
Berber languages	540	285	255	925	505	415
Kabyle	420	220	195	530	280	255
Berber languages, n.i.e.	120	60	60	390	225	165
Cushitic languages	9,300	4,165	5,140	34,160	15,155	19,000
Bilen	90	55	35	355	200	160
Oromo	380	170	205	2,075	905	1,175
Somali	8,770	3,900	4,875	31,535	13,925	17,610
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	135	55	85	370	170	205
Semitic languages	53,645	27,350	26,295	330,315	168,750	161,570
Amharic	1,995	940	1,055	16,010	7,565	8,445
Arabic	48,950	25,110	23,840	246,015	127,015	119,000
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	80	35	50	17,825	8,775	9,050
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	6,185	3,045	3,140
Harari	40	25	15	1,310	660	645
Hebrew	1,960	1,030	930	43,255	22,165	21,090
Maltese	80	30	50	7,020	3,455	3,570
Tigrigna	1,185	495	700	9,385	4,320	5,065
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	240	150	85	1,985	1,010	975
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	135	65	70	1,125	535	590
Austro-Asiatic languages	8,860	4,175	4,685	99,830	46,210	53,620
Khmer (Cambodian)	1,540	695	840	10,045	4,490	5,550
Vietnamese	7,365	3,505	3,865	90,265	41,965	48,300
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	60	10	50
Austronesian languages	10,720	3,925	6,795	249,435	98,295	151,150
Bikol	40	10	25	755	340	425
Cebuano	590	210	380	9,475	3,650	5,830
Fijian	10	0	10	110	40	65
Hiligaynon	170	55	115	3,110	1,205	1,910
Ilocano	745	305	440	15,235	5,940	9,295
Malagasy	105	55	50	215	115	100
Malay	645	285	365	9,780	4,500	5,280
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	65	20	45	1,935	855	1,080
Pangasinan	65	30	35	565	245	320
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	9,605	3,440	6,165	232,935	91,110	141,820
Waray-Waray	40	10	30	410	125	285
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	110	50	60	1,785	755	1,030
Creole languages	9,615	4,050	5,565	30,260	13,525	16,735
Haitian Creole	475	180	295	1,430	605	830
Creole, n.o.s.	8,535	3,595	4,940	19,375	8,480	10,895
Creole languages, n.i.e.	650	285	365	9,685	4,525	5,155
Dravidian languages	5,580	2,835	2,745	196,315	97,975	98,335
Kannada	480	235	240	5,775	2,930	2,845
Malayalam	850	390	460	22,880	11,535	11,345
Tamil	3,825	1,965	1,860	157,700	77,975	79,730
Telugu	795	420	370	16,315	8,925	7,390
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	30	20	10	495	250	240
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	545	265	280
Indo-European languages	145,855	68,520	77,330	2,608,060	1,265,535	1,342,525
Albanian	795	385	405	22,375	11,180	11,195
Armenian	695	365	330	18,435	8,860	9,575
Balto-Slavic languages	26,310	12,060	14,250	473,565	221,450	252,120
Baltic languages	625	270	355	10,545	4,495	6,050
Latvian	325	130	200	4,675	2,070	2,610
Lithuanian	305	145	155	5,875	2,430	3,445
Slavic languages	25,785	11,820	13,960	465,170	217,885	247,285
Belarusan	125	60	65	1,360	680	680
Bosnian	1,025	475	555	9,915	4,905	5,010
Bulgarian	1,065	490	575	10,410	5,060	5,350
Croatian	1,940	965	975	46,580	22,880	23,700
Czech	1,515	660	850	14,045	6,615	7,430
Macedonian	105	40	65	21,505	10,365	11,140
Polish	7,165	3,285	3,880	142,985	65,415	77,575
Russian	9,590	4,410	5,185	138,735	64,355	74,380
Serbian	2,165	1,055	1,110	53,250	26,725	26,525
Serbo-Croatian	570	295	275	5,815	2,845	2,965
Slovak	980	420	570	12,035	5,550	6,490
Slovene (Slovenian)	295	130	160	7,935	3,550	4,390
Ukrainian	2,510	1,065	1,445	54,615	24,125	30,490
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	60	20	40	1,750	935	815
Celtic languages	465	210	255	3,800	1,880	1,920
Scottish Gaelic	185	85	100	1,480	720	765
Welsh	110	35	65	685	300	390
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	180	90	90	1,650	870	785
Germanic languages	22,825	10,810	12,020	274,305	130,610	143,700
Afrikaans	485	245	235	7,360	3,625	3,735
Danish	530	240	285	5,440	2,455	2,980
Dutch	4,855	2,240	2,610	63,410	29,875	33,535
Frisian	165	75	90	1,655	820	835
German	15,940	7,615	8,330	189,035	90,730	98,305
Icelandic	55	25	30	285	130	155
Norwegian	395	155	240	2,140	975	1,165
Swedish	710	340	365	5,125	2,345	2,785
Vlaams (Flemish)	125	70	60	2,275	1,050	1,225
Yiddish	410	210	200	7,175	3,535	3,640
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	30	20	15	3,290	1,645	1,645
Greek	3,650	1,875	1,770	80,690	40,105	40,590
Indo-Iranian languages	37,370	18,925	18,445	915,765	463,175	452,585
Indo-Aryan languages	27,590	14,010	13,585	759,390	384,940	374,450
Bengali	4,490	2,310	2,185	59,685	30,420	29,265
Gujarati	2,480	1,325	1,155	103,890	52,380	51,510
Hindi	10,660	5,500	5,160	250,095	127,765	122,335
Kashmiri	10	10	0	600	300	300
Konkani	145	80	65	5,490	2,515	2,975
Marathi	580	320	265	10,360	5,380	4,980
Nepali	1,280	645	635	10,245	5,115	5,135
Oriya (Odia)	75	40	30	1,090	515	570
Punjabi (Panjabi)	6,690	3,465	3,225	282,065	145,050	137,015
Sindhi	520	230	290	11,515	5,385	6,130
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	1,105	500	600	18,555	9,230	9,330
Urdu	8,140	4,075	4,065	231,500	117,305	114,190
Iranian languages	10,330	5,220	5,110	163,490	81,710	81,785
Kurdish	755	400	355	8,795	4,755	4,040
Pashto	1,465	795	675	15,315	8,145	7,170
Persian (Farsi)	8,890	4,455	4,435	145,465	72,275	73,190
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	200	120	85	4,665	2,495	2,175
Italic (Romance) languages	59,585	26,685	32,905	880,330	418,225	462,105
Catalan	80	40	45	515	275	240
Italian	16,735	7,985	8,745	333,645	161,190	172,455
Portuguese	6,525	3,200	3,325	193,520	93,885	99,635
Romanian	2,985	1,405	1,580	49,635	23,205	26,430
Spanish	36,760	15,725	21,030	337,615	156,040	181,580
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	140	75	65	1,355	745	605
Japanese	2,705	1,290	1,410	25,675	11,535	14,140
Kartvelian languages	45	20	25	1,555	775	780
Georgian	45	15	30	1,555	770	785
Korean	2,705	1,160	1,545	79,175	36,930	42,245
Mongolic languages	40	25	20	515	225	285
Mongolian	40	20	20	515	225	285
Niger-Congo languages	10,840	4,810	6,035	70,570	33,620	36,945
Akan (Twi)	630	330	300	15,950	7,520	8,435
Bamanankan	160	75	85	385	195	185
Edo	95	40	60	2,130	930	1,195
Ewe	205	85	125	880	435	445
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	165	65	95	700	320	375
Ga	170	90	85	1,340	645	695
Ganda	220	75	145	1,225	550	675
Igbo	320	170	145	4,025	2,105	1,920
Lingala	1,775	740	1,030	4,885	2,165	2,720
Rundi (Kirundi)	1,600	655	945	2,555	1,080	1,475
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	975	360	615	2,220	885	1,330
Shona	175	60	115	2,350	1,055	1,300
Swahili	3,120	1,370	1,750	16,750	8,110	8,640
Wolof	210	115	95	730	355	375
Yoruba	770	405	365	10,495	5,345	5,150
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	2,380	1,095	1,285	11,210	5,255	5,950
Nilo-Saharan languages	320	140	185	2,025	1,020	1,010
Dinka	190	85	105	415	220	200
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	135	55	80	1,615	805	810
Sign languages	2,270	850	1,420	18,865	7,645	11,220
American Sign Language	1,115	370	745	10,220	3,695	6,525
Quebec Sign Language	190	55	140	235	60	180
Sign languages, n.i.e.	1,025	445	580	8,690	4,005	4,680
Sino-Tibetan languages	37,235	17,600	19,630	689,145	324,575	364,565
Chinese languages	36,350	17,180	19,170	679,170	319,635	359,530
Cantonese	12,955	6,160	6,790	341,875	159,280	182,600
Hakka	270	125	140	7,865	3,445	4,420
Mandarin	24,965	11,505	13,450	385,395	179,890	205,510
Min Dong	40	15	25	810	330	480
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	1,065	475	585	16,980	7,650	9,330
Wu (Shanghainese)	420	205	220	8,305	3,860	4,440
Chinese, n.o.s.	1,155	625	530	16,455	7,710	8,745
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	185	95	90
Tibeto-Burman languages	920	440	480	10,460	5,200	5,260
Burmese	305	145	160	2,215	1,055	1,165
Karenic languages	370	180	185	1,820	905	920
Tibetan	50	30	25	5,695	2,845	2,850
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	360	155	210	1,245	645	605
Tai-Kadai languages	1,090	435	655	11,120	4,945	6,180
Lao	480	210	270	6,740	3,215	3,520
Thai	690	255	435	5,195	2,065	3,135
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	10	20
Turkic languages	2,565	1,270	1,290	33,335	17,310	16,025
Azerbaijani	140	80	60	3,260	1,710	1,550
Turkish	2,205	1,105	1,100	27,850	14,510	13,340
Uyghur	40	25	10	700	350	345
Uzbek	75	20	60	1,405	700	705
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	150	70	85	915	450	465
Uralic languages	3,010	1,480	1,530	58,370	27,060	31,310
Estonian	260	125	135	4,785	2,155	2,625
Finnish	550	250	305	11,145	4,865	6,280
Hungarian	2,210	1,110	1,100	42,545	20,070	22,480
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	405	245	155	3,675	1,950	1,725
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	1,280,920	625,630	655,290	13,242,160	6,472,240	6,769,920
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	1,213,385	593,580	619,810	12,223,065	5,987,360	6,235,705
Canadian citizens aged under 18	247,125	125,995	121,135	2,546,075	1,305,820	1,240,255
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	966,260	467,590	498,675	9,676,990	4,681,540	4,995,445
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	67,535	32,050	35,485	1,019,095	484,880	534,215
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	1,280,925	625,630	655,295	13,242,160	6,472,240	6,769,920
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	1,026,140	505,660	520,480	9,188,815	4,555,270	4,633,545
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	238,975	111,800	127,175	3,852,145	1,814,665	2,037,480
Before 1981	66,695	31,970	34,730	1,077,745	507,500	570,240
1981 to 1990	32,395	15,440	16,950	513,995	246,235	267,755
1991 to 2000	52,150	23,635	28,510	834,510	390,315	444,195
2001 to 2010	56,430	25,885	30,545	953,730	446,895	506,835
2001 to 2005	26,690	12,195	14,490	490,560	230,950	259,610
2006 to 2010	29,740	13,690	16,050	463,170	215,945	247,225
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	31,305	14,865	16,440	472,170	223,715	248,450
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	15,805	8,170	7,635	201,200	102,305	98,895
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	238,975	111,805	127,175	3,852,145	1,814,665	2,037,485
Under 5 years	27,285	13,505	13,780	369,955	184,255	185,705
5 to 14 years	43,365	22,030	21,335	685,085	345,865	339,225
15 to 24 years	50,890	22,690	28,205	855,475	381,025	474,450
25 to 44 years	97,845	44,900	52,945	1,579,500	741,340	838,160
45 years and over	19,585	8,680	10,915	362,130	162,180	199,945
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	238,980	111,800	127,175	3,852,145	1,814,665	2,037,480
Americas	36,870	15,975	20,900	598,950	265,930	333,025
Brazil	1,015	455	560	14,705	6,700	8,010
Colombia	1,295	500	800	28,815	13,085	15,730
El Salvador	1,780	820	960	20,920	10,165	10,750
Guyana	1,520	710	810	79,745	35,325	44,420
Haiti	6,490	2,700	3,795	10,195	4,410	5,785
Jamaica	3,200	1,395	1,810	119,840	51,320	68,525
Mexico	1,405	575	830	30,075	13,895	16,185
Peru	845	380	465	10,550	4,660	5,895
Trinidad and Tobago	1,390	560	830	52,810	23,515	29,300
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	10,970	4,780	6,190	109,005	47,170	61,830
Other places of birth in Americas	6,955	3,105	3,850	122,280	55,685	66,600
Europe	68,875	33,035	35,845	1,144,295	546,250	598,050
Bosnia and Herzegovina	1,625	790	835	21,300	10,655	10,645
Croatia	870	425	445	27,330	13,495	13,835
France	2,620	1,185	1,440	13,385	6,310	7,070
Germany	5,450	2,465	2,990	63,460	29,685	33,775
Greece	1,175	625	555	36,575	18,225	18,350
Hungary	1,015	530	485	22,085	10,495	11,590
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	990	440	550	15,275	7,415	7,860
Italy	5,850	3,065	2,785	157,815	78,510	79,305
Netherlands	3,750	1,850	1,905	47,400	23,910	23,490
Poland	4,520	2,035	2,485	96,000	43,155	52,845
Portugal	2,130	1,080	1,045	103,025	50,240	52,785
Romania	2,530	1,205	1,330	42,720	19,720	23,000
Russian Federation	2,985	1,285	1,695	42,980	18,540	24,440
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	935	445	490	23,695	11,610	12,085
Ukraine	1,835	865	970	39,945	18,150	21,795
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	21,695	10,710	10,985	264,125	125,730	138,390
Other places of birth in Europe	8,895	4,040	4,855	127,190	60,395	66,790
Africa	31,240	14,385	16,850	226,770	109,585	117,185
Algeria	1,075	515	565	2,925	1,480	1,450
Egypt	3,535	1,850	1,680	34,510	18,000	16,510
Ethiopia	2,235	1,025	1,210	15,570	7,230	8,340
Kenya	1,105	565	535	14,940	6,910	8,025
Morocco	1,275	585	690	5,485	2,690	2,795
Nigeria	1,305	590	710	20,630	10,285	10,345
Somalia	3,895	1,495	2,405	16,970	6,845	10,125
South Africa, Republic of	975	525	450	19,390	9,545	9,840
Other places of birth in Africa	15,845	7,240	8,605	96,355	46,610	49,745
Asia	100,970	47,855	53,120	1,869,805	886,570	983,240
Afghanistan	2,435	1,235	1,200	33,145	16,490	16,655
Bangladesh	2,780	1,440	1,340	39,410	19,970	19,440
China^{Census data footnote 59}	17,905	7,735	10,165	317,225	143,705	173,515
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	3,095	1,565	1,530	108,030	50,945	57,090
India	11,020	5,530	5,495	360,540	179,950	180,590
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	4,485	2,245	2,240	86,810	43,445	43,360
Iraq	3,585	1,915	1,665	50,390	25,280	25,115
Japan	770	205	565	8,145	2,550	5,585
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	1,795	795	1,005	57,085	26,660	30,425
Lebanon	11,230	5,875	5,360	34,545	18,145	16,405
Pakistan	4,360	2,155	2,200	142,265	71,925	70,345
Philippines	9,380	3,470	5,915	231,760	93,730	138,030
Sri Lanka	2,640	1,265	1,380	109,855	53,640	56,215
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	3,215	1,645	1,575	22,680	11,405	11,270
Taiwan	870	370	495	17,840	7,775	10,065
Viet Nam	5,725	2,615	3,115	80,525	36,545	43,985
Other places of birth in Asia	15,670	7,800	7,870	169,555	84,400	85,160
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	1,015	555	460	12,330	6,330	5,990
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	31,305	14,870	16,440	472,170	223,720	248,450
Americas	4,390	2,010	2,375	60,700	29,005	31,700
Brazil	145	80	60	3,180	1,505	1,675
Colombia	190	80	110	4,520	2,005	2,520
Cuba	135	80	60	1,950	910	1,045
Haiti	1,325	560	760	2,575	1,140	1,435
Jamaica	115	70	50	8,935	4,840	4,090
Mexico	275	110	160	5,670	2,745	2,925
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	1,365	695	675	14,635	7,225	7,405
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	125	35	90	2,460	1,120	1,340
Other places of birth in Americas	710	300	410	16,775	7,510	9,265
Europe	2,795	1,375	1,420	45,295	22,250	23,045
France	325	175	145	2,010	1,025	985
Germany	185	90	95	1,695	885	805
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	70	45	25	1,900	1,185	715
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	40	15	20	880	400	480
Romania	120	60	60	2,425	995	1,430
Russian Federation	365	145	215	4,905	1,790	3,115
Ukraine	220	105	115	4,455	2,005	2,445
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	720	380	335	7,780	4,515	3,265
Other places of birth in Europe	755	350	405	19,245	9,450	9,795
Africa	6,265	2,815	3,450	39,380	19,045	20,330
Algeria	140	50	85	415	180	240
Cameroon	345	165	175	1,390	640	750
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	720	270	455	1,835	845	990
Côte d'Ivoire	170	55	115	605	245	360
Egypt	785	425	360	8,220	4,290	3,935
Eritrea	250	115	135	2,055	1,010	1,045
Ethiopia	335	115	215	2,505	1,115	1,385
Morocco	170	75	95	655	275	375
Nigeria	385	165	215	5,910	2,895	3,015
Somalia	355	155	205	2,065	965	1,100
South Africa, Republic of	115	55	65	1,410	715	695
Tunisia	100	40	60	310	155	150
Other places of birth in Africa	2,395	1,130	1,265	12,010	5,715	6,295
Asia	17,690	8,580	9,110	324,820	152,205	172,615
Afghanistan	535	270	260	5,785	2,845	2,945
Bangladesh	535	265	270	8,180	4,055	4,125
China^{Census data footnote 59}	2,650	1,115	1,535	58,840	26,025	32,815
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	85	45	35	1,985	800	1,190
India	2,025	1,110	920	69,325	35,060	34,265
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	795	380	420	21,225	10,300	10,930
Iraq	1,080	565	515	14,645	7,315	7,330
Israel	190	105	80	2,050	1,085	970
Japan	115	30	85	1,385	370	1,015
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	230	85	145	6,320	2,855	3,470
Lebanon	910	485	430	3,230	1,685	1,545
Nepal	290	165	125	3,395	1,725	1,665
Pakistan	660	360	300	25,435	12,425	13,015
Philippines	2,760	1,120	1,640	53,190	21,740	31,450
Saudi Arabia	365	205	155	3,140	1,615	1,530
Sri Lanka	240	105	135	8,185	3,580	4,605
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	1,895	1,020	875	12,710	6,590	6,120
Taiwan	45	30	20	1,015	435	580
Turkey	185	95	90	2,590	1,440	1,145
United Arab Emirates	340	210	130	4,290	2,230	2,055
Viet Nam	200	80	115	3,885	1,520	2,365
Other places of birth in Asia	1,570	745	825	13,995	6,505	7,485
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	170	90	70	1,980	1,215	765
Australia	145	90	60	1,535	965	565
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	20	0	15	445	250	200
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	1,280,920	625,630	655,290	13,242,160	6,472,240	6,769,920
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	265,840	125,760	140,080	4,122,840	1,953,095	2,169,740
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	229,190	114,790	114,405	3,049,835	1,525,300	1,524,540
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	785,890	385,080	400,805	6,069,485	2,993,845	3,075,640
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	175,665	81,505	94,155	2,825,480	1,331,730	1,493,750
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	80,850	40,235	40,610	1,364,380	677,695	686,685
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	33,605	20,670	12,935	540,795	338,460	202,335
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	47,245	19,565	27,680	823,580	339,240	484,350
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	51,860	20,490	31,370	940,405	382,890	557,520
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	40,840	19,920	20,920	482,665	253,750	228,910
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	2,120	860	1,255	38,035	17,400	20,640
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	1,280,920	625,630	655,295	13,242,160	6,472,240	6,769,920
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	36,625	17,215	19,405	374,395	179,970	194,420
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	34,910	16,470	18,440	361,125	173,685	187,445
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	19,195	9,020	10,175	236,680	112,840	123,845
Métis	14,315	6,830	7,490	120,585	59,015	61,570
Inuk (Inuit)	1,400	625	775	3,860	1,835	2,030
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	795	325	470	5,730	2,680	3,045
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	920	420	500	7,540	3,615	3,930
Non-Aboriginal identity	1,244,295	608,415	635,885	12,867,765	6,292,265	6,575,500
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	1,280,920	625,630	655,295	13,242,160	6,472,240	6,769,925
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	10,625	4,930	5,700	170,895	81,560	89,335
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	1,270,295	620,705	649,590	13,071,265	6,390,680	6,680,585
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	1,280,925	625,630	655,295	13,242,160	6,472,240	6,769,920
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	8,045	3,670	4,375	112,875	54,840	58,035
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	7,900	3,605	4,295	111,575	54,180	57,395
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	5,825	2,720	3,105	97,430	47,130	50,305
Métis single ancestry	1,440	590	855	12,925	6,490	6,435
Inuit single ancestry	635	300	335	1,220	565	655
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	145	65	80	1,295	665	640
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	115	50	70	1,055	545	510
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	20	0	15	145	70	75
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	65	25	40
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	10	0	0	30	20	10
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	58,745	27,465	31,280	405,425	192,320	213,100
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	57,270	26,870	30,395	395,205	187,695	207,510
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	40,160	18,720	21,445	276,920	130,810	146,110
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	16,030	7,680	8,345	113,785	54,830	58,955
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	1,075	470	605	4,500	2,050	2,450
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	1,475	595	885	10,215	4,620	5,590
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	1,370	555	810	9,305	4,205	5,100
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	60	25	35	595	290	305
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	50	15	30	300	125	170
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	15	0	10
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	1,214,130	594,495	619,635	12,723,865	6,225,080	6,498,785
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	1,280,925	625,630	655,290	13,242,160	6,472,240	6,769,920
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	251,225	120,970	130,255	3,885,585	1,878,075	2,007,505
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	41,545	21,150	20,395	1,150,415	582,010	568,400
Chinese	42,110	20,005	22,110	754,550	359,230	395,315
Black	62,690	29,340	33,350	627,715	296,270	331,445
Filipino	12,820	5,055	7,765	311,675	132,440	179,230
Latin American	11,730	5,280	6,445	195,950	93,645	102,310
Arab	41,605	21,715	19,895	210,435	109,585	100,850
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	12,745	6,015	6,735	133,855	63,255	70,605
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	9,275	4,725	4,550	154,670	77,385	77,280
Korean	3,125	1,435	1,690	88,935	42,445	46,495
Japanese	2,595	1,105	1,490	30,830	13,595	17,235
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	2,780	1,255	1,525	97,970	46,105	51,860
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	8,215	3,910	4,305	128,585	62,105	66,485
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	1,029,700	504,660	525,040	9,356,575	4,594,165	4,762,410
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	1,280,920	625,630	655,290	13,242,160	6,472,240	6,769,920
North American Aboriginal origins	66,790	31,135	35,660	518,300	247,160	271,135
First Nations (North American Indian)	47,560	22,075	25,480	385,505	183,075	202,430
Inuit	1,850	825	1,025	6,870	3,150	3,720
Métis	19,015	8,895	10,120	137,485	66,245	71,235
Other North American origins	452,815	221,755	231,055	3,220,595	1,585,255	1,635,340
Acadian	4,610	2,250	2,360	16,580	8,135	8,450
American	15,885	7,640	8,240	140,165	67,480	72,690
Canadian	438,800	214,805	223,995	3,109,770	1,531,645	1,578,125
New Brunswicker	50	30	20	320	190	125
Newfoundlander	885	535	350	10,850	5,520	5,325
Nova Scotian	140	80	60	1,485	685	800
Ontarian	520	240	285	2,165	1,085	1,075
Québécois	1,185	615	565	5,390	2,730	2,665
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	60	45	15	675	375	300
European origins	838,825	409,795	429,040	8,151,470	3,978,900	4,172,570
British Isles origins	570,025	278,510	291,520	4,900,430	2,380,595	2,519,835
Channel Islander	140	35	105	1,120	530	590
Cornish	105	60	45	755	370	385
English	283,610	139,040	144,575	2,808,805	1,357,650	1,451,160
Irish	287,915	136,545	151,370	2,095,460	991,625	1,103,835
Manx	245	140	105	2,450	1,320	1,130
Scottish	253,600	124,050	129,550	2,107,295	1,016,260	1,091,030
Welsh	22,705	10,885	11,820	198,475	94,555	103,920
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	42,875	20,075	22,805	323,185	152,525	170,660
French origins	274,805	131,260	143,550	1,350,520	643,360	707,160
Alsatian	85	40	45	1,235	495	740
Breton	160	90	70	290	175	120
Corsican	55	40	15	205	125	85
French	274,665	131,170	143,495	1,349,255	642,790	706,470
Western European origins (except French origins)	164,140	80,255	83,885	1,766,975	864,010	902,970
Austrian	6,915	3,375	3,545	72,475	35,415	37,065
Bavarian	75	25	50	450	225	230
Belgian	5,740	2,765	2,980	57,890	28,460	29,430
Dutch	47,420	23,760	23,660	527,750	259,585	268,165
Flemish	540	280	260	4,005	2,005	1,995
Frisian	260	145	120	2,705	1,400	1,305
German	110,025	53,225	56,800	1,189,670	579,315	610,355
Luxembourger	175	100	75	915	500	415
Swiss	6,220	3,060	3,160	59,835	29,395	30,440
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	160	80	85	1,095	560	530
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	29,325	14,665	14,655	266,085	127,885	138,195
Danish	6,790	3,500	3,290	53,555	26,355	27,195
Finnish	4,820	2,430	2,390	76,755	36,955	39,800
Icelandic	1,740	825	915	13,215	6,325	6,895
Norwegian	7,890	3,930	3,955	59,335	28,350	30,980
Swedish	8,465	4,035	4,430	71,035	32,705	38,325
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	1,860	1,050	805	12,540	6,400	6,140
Eastern European origins	102,390	49,340	53,050	1,339,610	644,610	695,000
Bulgarian	1,530	715	815	16,750	8,230	8,525
Byelorussian	870	420	445	11,690	5,645	6,045
Czech	4,285	2,000	2,285	42,340	20,815	21,530
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	905	395	510	14,810	6,820	7,990
Estonian	1,090	495	600	15,075	7,255	7,825
Hungarian	10,490	5,080	5,410	163,500	79,850	83,655
Latvian	1,290	540	745	18,095	8,615	9,480
Lithuanian	2,795	1,395	1,395	35,100	16,965	18,135
Moldovan	395	165	230	3,905	1,910	1,995
Polish	39,265	18,805	20,460	523,490	251,575	271,910
Romanian	6,855	3,335	3,525	98,235	46,825	51,410
Russian	17,075	7,905	9,170	220,850	103,650	117,200
Slovak	3,025	1,435	1,595	40,535	19,645	20,885
Ukrainian	29,875	14,590	15,285	376,440	181,725	194,715
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	1,110	585	525	10,330	4,940	5,390
Southern European origins	94,885	46,295	48,590	1,772,160	880,335	891,830
Albanian	1,105	545	560	25,980	13,085	12,895
Bosnian	1,275	605	670	14,680	7,255	7,425
Catalan	25	10	15	285	180	110
Croatian	3,840	1,845	1,995	82,220	41,350	40,875
Cypriot	180	75	110	4,400	2,170	2,230
Greek	8,425	4,275	4,150	148,555	74,830	73,720
Italian	54,455	27,045	27,405	931,805	467,100	464,705
Kosovar	60	30	30	1,305	655	650
Macedonian	650	250	395	39,440	19,820	19,625
Maltese	820	425	395	35,255	17,525	17,730
Montenegrin	170	85	85	2,545	1,295	1,250
Portuguese	10,425	5,055	5,370	324,930	160,970	163,960
Serbian	2,805	1,390	1,410	66,835	34,035	32,800
Sicilian	290	145	145	4,190	2,090	2,100
Slovenian	1,375	685	690	26,485	13,215	13,275
Spanish	14,045	6,215	7,830	171,145	78,880	92,265
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	965	455	515	20,245	9,785	10,460
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	65	25	45	965	425	540
Other European origins	9,415	4,790	4,625	105,865	53,050	52,820
Basque	300	170	130	1,585	805	780
Jewish	6,330	3,260	3,075	77,280	38,860	38,425
Roma (Gypsy)	120	55	70	2,295	1,050	1,245
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	225	105	125	2,065	1,110	955
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	2,495	1,240	1,255	23,290	11,540	11,750
Caribbean origins	27,530	12,470	15,065	462,600	213,660	248,940
Antiguan	285	155	130	3,275	1,480	1,800
Bahamian	175	120	60	2,305	1,190	1,115
Barbadian	1,415	605	815	26,625	12,375	14,250
Bermudan	155	90	70	2,010	925	1,085
Carib	115	40	75	2,295	855	1,440
Cuban	1,175	540	635	14,490	6,625	7,865
Dominican	795	360	435	9,180	4,420	4,760
Grenadian	315	155	155	14,690	6,420	8,275
Guadeloupean	10	10	0	70	20	50
Haitian	10,240	4,570	5,670	17,715	8,085	9,630
Jamaican	8,435	3,875	4,560	257,060	119,100	137,955
Kittitian/Nevisian	55	20	35	2,260	1,090	1,175
Martinican	30	15	15	195	65	125
Montserratan	45	25	20	620	300	325
Puerto Rican	155	75	80	1,495	755	740
St. Lucian	810	310	495	7,170	3,195	3,985
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	2,245	1,040	1,205	59,560	27,850	31,710
Vincentian/Grenadinian	255	85	165	12,155	5,250	6,905
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	1,715	725	990	56,865	25,380	31,480
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	1,105	520	585	16,970	7,770	9,195
Latin, Central and South American origins	19,025	8,810	10,215	322,210	153,045	169,165
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	860	405	455	10,795	5,040	5,750
Arawak	60	25	35	1,055	470	585
Argentinian	700	380	315	11,460	5,620	5,840
Belizean	100	45	50	810	395	415
Bolivian	155	80	70	1,885	935	955
Brazilian	1,185	585	605	18,395	8,760	9,635
Chilean	1,150	590	560	14,625	7,015	7,610
Colombian	1,995	905	1,090	40,820	19,345	21,480
Costa Rican	195	85	115	2,790	1,380	1,410
Ecuadorian	290	150	140	20,385	9,650	10,735
Guatemalan	445	160	285	10,040	4,870	5,170
Guyanese	2,150	1,055	1,100	73,360	34,050	39,315
Hispanic	345	185	160	5,805	2,790	3,015
Honduran	295	90	200	3,360	1,590	1,765
Maya	335	165	170	2,500	1,285	1,215
Mexican	3,175	1,360	1,810	43,120	20,735	22,380
Nicaraguan	1,125	550	580	7,100	3,440	3,665
Panamanian	110	60	55	2,475	1,125	1,355
Paraguayan	35	15	15	600	280	320
Peruvian	1,320	625	695	14,780	6,985	7,800
Salvadorean	2,260	1,095	1,170	27,595	13,530	14,070
Uruguayan	95	45	60	4,200	2,150	2,050
Venezuelan	980	380	590	11,750	5,320	6,430
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	1,265	530	730	14,095	6,745	7,350
African origins	57,970	27,945	30,025	414,095	203,260	210,835
Central and West African origins	12,245	6,005	6,245	85,735	42,745	42,990
Akan	110	60	50	965	540	425
Angolan	200	90	110	1,635	815	820
Ashanti	15	15	0	1,205	620	585
Beninese	115	70	45	555	280	270
Burkinabe	285	120	160	415	190	225
Cameroonian	1,370	700	670	4,700	2,330	2,370
Chadian	150	75	75	645	320	325
Congolese	4,000	1,780	2,215	10,425	4,960	5,460
Edo	50	25	25	1,025	545	480
Ewe	15	10	0	180	95	80
Gabonese	115	65	55	170	80	90
Gambian	35	20	15	630	305	330
Ghanaian	1,385	760	630	24,850	12,060	12,790
Guinean	270	120	150	1,105	550	560
Ibo	120	55	65	1,940	1,035	905
Ivorian	525	220	305	1,350	600	745
Liberian	95	55	40	770	365	405
Malian	170	75	90	490	250	240
Malinké	75	40	35	345	160	185
Nigerian	2,085	1,070	1,015	26,560	13,620	12,940
Peulh	70	40	30	135	80	55
Senegalese	365	180	185	1,000	500	495
Sierra Leonean	100	50	55	1,175	585	585
Togolese	320	155	160	670	370	300
Wolof	35	20	15	80	45	35
Yoruba	345	210	135	4,055	2,155	1,900
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	900	460	440	4,745	2,340	2,410
North African origins	13,380	6,895	6,485	86,665	44,970	41,695
Algerian	1,375	685	690	4,065	2,035	2,030
Berber	905	480	415	1,845	985	860
Coptic	130	70	65	2,305	1,185	1,120
Dinka	50	20	30	205	110	95
Egyptian	6,085	3,220	2,875	52,845	27,465	25,375
Libyan	1,215	625	595	3,785	2,015	1,760
Maure	40	30	15	290	160	125
Moroccan	2,265	1,090	1,175	12,305	6,310	6,000
Sudanese	845	425	425	8,975	4,600	4,375
Tunisian	680	350	330	2,295	1,210	1,085
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	455	230	220	1,755	920	830
Southern and East African origins	23,510	10,995	12,520	128,910	61,680	67,230
Afrikaner	60	30	30	560	285	275
Amhara	80	50	35	720	360	360
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	375	170	200	870	455	415
Burundian	1,920	860	1,060	3,105	1,465	1,640
Djiboutian	730	300	430	1,035	460	575
Eritrean	1,375	625	750	11,870	5,740	6,125
Ethiopian	2,880	1,305	1,575	22,560	10,755	11,800
Harari	10	10	10	475	255	215
Kenyan	615	310	305	5,860	2,780	3,080
Malagasy	215	110	105	430	200	230
Mauritian	385	170	215	3,600	1,830	1,770
Oromo	285	145	135	1,290	610	685
Rwandan	1,315	530	780	3,215	1,380	1,830
Seychellois	35	10	25	350	140	205
Somali	10,385	4,910	5,475	40,995	19,200	21,795
South African	1,375	670	705	19,760	9,790	9,970
Tanzanian	310	130	180	2,610	1,300	1,315
Tigrian	180	85	95	770	395	375
Ugandan	405	195	205	2,950	1,445	1,505
Zambian	145	60	80	805	410	395
Zimbabwean	330	160	170	3,425	1,595	1,830
Zulu	50	35	15	440	225	215
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	1,335	670	670	8,475	3,900	4,570
Other African origins	10,175	4,760	5,410	119,670	57,245	62,420
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	1,270	520	750	17,380	7,720	9,660
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	9,095	4,335	4,765	103,560	50,150	53,410
Asian origins	188,020	92,115	95,910	3,100,450	1,506,795	1,593,655
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	66,450	34,240	32,215	523,340	265,615	257,730
Afghan	4,020	2,045	1,975	54,535	27,255	27,280
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	7,475	3,835	3,640	44,705	23,345	21,360
Armenian	1,545	800	740	29,675	14,570	15,105
Assyrian	130	60	75	12,075	6,140	5,935
Azerbaijani	215	85	130	4,105	1,995	2,110
Georgian	180	100	85	2,815	1,415	1,395
Hazara	50	25	25	680	390	290
Iranian	7,070	3,535	3,530	117,065	58,995	58,065
Iraqi	4,780	2,525	2,255	50,460	25,420	25,035
Israeli	735	390	345	17,080	8,890	8,185
Jordanian	1,485	805	685	9,660	5,110	4,545
Kazakh	155	80	80	1,325	610	715
Kurd	855	460	400	9,210	4,880	4,330
Kuwaiti	965	485	480	1,510	795	715
Kyrgyz	35	25	10	340	130	210
Lebanese	26,870	13,780	13,095	86,245	43,700	42,545
Palestinian	4,055	2,270	1,795	28,480	15,215	13,270
Pashtun	265	145	125	3,010	1,635	1,375
Saudi Arabian	575	275	300	3,660	1,975	1,685
Syrian	4,700	2,450	2,250	31,440	15,570	15,870
Tajik	100	55	50	1,850	880	970
Tatar	155	60	100	2,135	930	1,205
Turk	3,040	1,605	1,435	34,165	17,340	16,825
Turkmen	125	60	65	695	345	355
Uighur	50	30	20	755	385	375
Uzbek	160	75	90	2,400	1,155	1,240
Yemeni	1,000	510	490	4,225	2,065	2,155
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	2,115	1,080	1,035	16,270	8,395	7,875
South Asian origins	43,695	22,135	21,560	1,182,845	595,480	587,370
Bangladeshi	2,400	1,245	1,150	29,195	14,965	14,230
Bengali	1,110	560	550	15,235	7,795	7,445
Bhutanese	315	165	150	1,450	710	735
East Indian	29,395	14,930	14,460	774,500	390,015	384,480
Goan	135	70	65	4,775	2,245	2,525
Gujarati	200	115	85	5,915	3,055	2,860
Kashmiri	60	15	40	1,795	900	895
Nepali	900	445	455	8,150	4,070	4,080
Pakistani	5,085	2,540	2,550	149,060	75,860	73,200
Punjabi	1,170	610	560	55,455	28,580	26,875
Sinhalese	290	150	145	5,195	2,545	2,645
Sri Lankan	3,050	1,520	1,530	124,270	60,685	63,585
Tamil	995	490	510	42,760	21,705	21,050
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	2,300	1,150	1,150	58,705	29,705	29,005
East and Southeast Asian origins	79,695	36,600	43,090	1,422,890	659,650	763,245
Burmese	605	300	305	4,420	2,105	2,315
Cambodian (Khmer)	2,355	1,090	1,260	14,655	6,810	7,845
Chinese	47,930	22,555	25,370	849,345	403,280	446,065
Filipino	14,135	5,680	8,460	337,760	144,830	192,930
Hmong	0	0	0	650	340	305
Indonesian	640	260	375	9,325	4,305	5,025
Japanese	3,370	1,430	1,940	41,620	18,530	23,090
Karen	285	150	130	1,645	830	815
Korean	3,340	1,560	1,780	93,420	44,585	48,835
Laotian	710	330	385	9,875	4,865	5,015
Malaysian	495	180	310	7,310	3,370	3,935
Mongolian	305	170	130	2,940	1,390	1,545
Singaporean	50	20	30	1,260	565	700
Taiwanese	755	345	405	10,060	4,595	5,465
Thai	715	235	475	6,865	2,725	4,135
Tibetan	90	45	50	6,365	3,175	3,185
Vietnamese	9,020	4,425	4,600	107,640	51,350	56,290
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	255	140	115	4,375	2,165	2,210
Other Asian origins	390	180	215	13,430	6,575	6,855
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	390	180	210	13,430	6,575	6,855
Oceania origins	2,335	1,150	1,190	20,680	10,435	10,240
Australian	1,645	770	875	13,315	6,780	6,530
New Zealander	490	280	205	4,250	2,255	2,000
Pacific Islands origins	240	105	135	3,490	1,625	1,860
Fijian	60	20	40	1,610	665	945
Hawaiian	15	0	10	470	235	240
Maori	20	15	0	485	255	230
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	85	25	60	275	115	165
Samoan	40	25	15	225	140	85
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	35	20	15	555	265	290
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	528,305	...	...	5,169,175	...	...
Owner	362,625	...	...	3,601,825	...	...
Renter	165,670	...	...	1,559,720	...	...
Band housing	10	...	...	7,635	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	528,300	...	...	5,169,170	...	...
Condominium	63,340	...	...	680,495	...	...
Not condominium	464,965	...	...	4,488,680	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	528,300	...	...	5,169,175	...	...
No bedrooms	2,800	...	...	33,950	...	...
1 bedroom	65,605	...	...	699,980	...	...
2 bedrooms	115,775	...	...	1,122,145	...	...
3 bedrooms	209,435	...	...	1,876,905	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	134,690	...	...	1,436,185	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	528,305	...	...	5,169,170	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	126,930	...	...	1,369,660	...	...
5 rooms	72,285	...	...	718,020	...	...
6 rooms	80,640	...	...	770,730	...	...
7 rooms	79,655	...	...	713,595	...	...
8 or more rooms	168,800	...	...	1,597,165	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.4	...	...	6.3	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	528,300	...	...	5,169,175	...	...
One person or fewer per room	521,700	...	...	5,046,810	...	...
More than 1 person per room	6,605	...	...	122,360	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	528,305	...	...	5,169,175	...	...
Suitable	507,180	...	...	4,858,170	...	...
Not suitable	21,120	...	...	311,005	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	528,300	...	...	5,169,175	...	...
1960 or before	114,465	...	...	1,293,135	...	...
1961 to 1980	153,640	...	...	1,449,585	...	...
1981 to 1990	84,905	...	...	709,135	...	...
1991 to 2000	63,105	...	...	622,565	...	...
2001 to 2005	37,430	...	...	396,130	...	...
2006 to 2010	38,900	...	...	368,235	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	35,855	...	...	330,390	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	528,305	...	...	5,169,175	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	496,560	...	...	4,851,335	...	...
Major repairs needed	31,745	...	...	317,840	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	528,305	...	...	5,169,170	...	...
1 household maintainer	298,475	...	...	2,962,065	...	...
2 household maintainers	218,255	...	...	2,059,710	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	11,570	...	...	147,400	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	528,305	...	...	5,169,175	...	...
15 to 24 years	18,565	...	...	135,835	...	...
25 to 34 years	72,470	...	...	681,685	...	...
35 to 44 years	87,105	...	...	880,070	...	...
45 to 54 years	112,490	...	...	1,113,885	...	...
55 to 64 years	107,015	...	...	1,047,185	...	...
65 to 74 years	76,900	...	...	738,445	...	...
75 to 84 years	39,815	...	...	414,210	...	...
85 years and over	13,935	...	...	157,860	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	523,375	...	...	5,106,290	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	400,025	...	...	3,694,385	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	123,355	...	...	1,411,900	...	...
30% to less than 100%	106,875	...	...	1,208,010	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	358,420	...	...	3,557,485	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	60.3	...	...	61.0	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	14.4	...	...	19.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,288	...	...	1,299	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,402	...	...	1,463	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	349,589	...	...	400,496	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	394,549	...	...	506,409	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	165,405	...	...	1,554,940	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	15.8	...	...	15.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	43.5	...	...	45.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,050	...	...	1,045	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,089	...	...	1,109	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	1,068,405	517,440	550,960	11,038,440	5,342,755	5,695,685
No certificate, diploma or degree	152,980	77,940	75,040	1,935,355	961,690	973,670
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	276,465	136,005	140,465	3,026,100	1,485,320	1,540,770
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	638,960	303,495	335,465	6,076,985	2,895,745	3,181,235
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	57,910	38,755	19,150	664,180	471,055	193,120
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	30,565	17,885	12,680	324,370	199,510	124,855
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	27,340	20,875	6,470	339,810	271,545	68,260
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	231,810	100,330	131,485	2,298,715	981,785	1,316,930
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	20,770	8,620	12,155	242,005	107,065	134,945
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	328,465	155,785	172,680	2,872,085	1,335,845	1,536,250
Bachelor's degree	205,915	93,270	112,650	1,911,530	854,135	1,057,395
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	19,035	8,085	10,950	189,370	83,670	105,695
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	7,615	3,885	3,730	79,760	42,295	37,460
Master's degree	79,330	39,595	39,735	593,645	294,180	299,470
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	16,570	10,955	5,615	97,790	61,560	36,230
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	698,620	338,065	360,555	7,229,120	3,498,620	3,730,495
No certificate, diploma or degree	54,905	30,600	24,310	752,995	404,770	348,225
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	154,725	79,015	75,710	1,768,955	895,020	873,935
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	488,995	228,455	260,540	4,707,165	2,198,830	2,508,335
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	39,595	26,330	13,260	446,390	315,975	130,420
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	20,920	12,060	8,860	218,980	134,685	84,295
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	18,675	14,270	4,405	227,410	181,290	46,120
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	178,785	78,465	100,320	1,782,530	762,505	1,020,030
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	13,495	5,820	7,680	170,925	75,935	94,995
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	257,115	117,835	139,285	2,307,320	1,044,420	1,262,895
Bachelor's degree	160,285	71,395	88,880	1,519,850	668,450	851,400
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	14,255	5,555	8,705	148,960	62,370	86,590
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	5,945	2,695	3,250	63,790	30,895	32,895
Master's degree	64,750	31,015	33,735	500,415	239,160	261,255
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	11,885	7,175	4,710	74,310	43,545	30,765
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	1,068,405	517,440	550,965	11,038,440	5,342,755	5,695,685
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	429,450	213,950	215,500	4,961,455	2,447,010	2,514,445
Education	37,410	8,445	28,965	349,745	79,245	270,505
13. Education	37,405	8,440	28,965	349,750	79,245	270,505
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	21,715	9,580	12,135	246,075	109,955	136,120
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	4,570	3,295	1,270	38,745	28,735	10,010
50. Visual and performing arts	17,140	6,280	10,860	207,325	81,220	126,110
Humanities	39,380	15,015	24,365	359,560	133,350	226,210
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	5,775	1,140	4,635	37,900	8,170	29,730
23. English language and literature/letters	10,310	3,175	7,135	98,440	28,290	70,145
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	7,710	2,845	4,870	95,345	32,940	62,410
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	400	120	280	2,165	805	1,365
38. Philosophy and religious studies	2,700	1,500	1,205	24,255	13,425	10,830
39. Theology and religious vocations	2,425	1,425	1,000	28,175	17,120	11,055
54. History	7,580	4,300	3,280	57,295	30,015	27,280
55. French language and literature/letters	2,480	520	1,960	15,990	2,590	13,400
Social and behavioural sciences and law	104,370	38,580	65,785	810,410	269,735	540,670
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	1,575	420	1,155	10,765	2,210	8,560
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	10,535	3,790	6,745	81,500	31,825	49,675
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	13,225	1,175	12,050	141,750	11,775	129,975
22. Legal professions and studies	16,320	6,005	10,310	128,860	45,275	83,590
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	2,440	555	1,885	16,210	3,400	12,815
42. Psychology	15,780	3,905	11,880	122,545	29,640	92,905
45. Social sciences	44,490	22,725	21,765	308,775	145,620	163,155
Business, management and public administration	122,450	49,665	72,790	1,279,665	527,085	752,580
30.16 Accounting and computer science	275	105	165	2,725	895	1,830
44. Public administration and social service professions	13,130	3,425	9,700	108,935	21,405	87,530
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	109,050	46,130	62,920	1,168,005	504,780	663,225
Physical and life sciences and technologies	30,125	15,430	14,695	253,905	124,050	129,850
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	14,680	6,005	8,675	110,950	45,120	65,835
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	4,470	2,245	2,220	54,745	24,800	29,945
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	315	80	235	3,830	1,190	2,640
40. Physical sciences	9,515	6,610	2,905	72,355	48,145	24,205
41. Science technologies/technicians	1,150	485	665	12,025	4,795	7,235
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	39,140	25,230	13,910	290,045	185,310	104,730
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	29,595	20,690	8,905	220,550	150,765	69,790
25. Library science	3,030	620	2,405	15,220	2,450	12,770
27. Mathematics and statistics	5,415	3,200	2,215	49,025	28,515	20,515
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	1,100	720	385	5,235	3,580	1,655
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	111,605	98,990	12,610	1,173,030	1,055,050	117,985
04. Architecture and related services	5,215	3,400	1,820	51,845	34,590	17,265
14. Engineering	38,745	31,790	6,960	334,085	271,010	63,070
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	24,540	22,060	2,475	237,775	214,500	23,275
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	40	0	25	160	30	125
46. Construction trades	16,365	15,940	420	198,790	194,555	4,235
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	19,595	19,030	565	225,860	220,545	5,315
48. Precision production	7,105	6,765	340	124,515	119,820	4,695
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	11,870	7,175	4,695	106,895	67,015	39,880
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	7,510	4,740	2,770	66,035	41,790	24,240
03. Natural resources and conservation	4,360	2,430	1,925	40,860	25,230	15,635
Health and related fields	86,600	17,295	69,300	865,970	173,780	692,185
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	7,685	3,705	3,985	75,715	37,005	38,705
51. Health professions and related programs	76,565	12,340	64,225	767,680	124,280	643,400
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	2,345	1,255	1,090	22,575	12,490	10,075
Personal, protective and transportation services	34,205	18,050	16,155	340,285	170,915	169,375
12. Personal and culinary services	17,650	4,985	12,670	183,925	49,390	134,535
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	915	765	150	2,135	1,815	320
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	675	615	55	2,610	2,385	225
43. Security and protective services	10,305	7,390	2,915	98,325	68,625	29,695
49. Transportation and materials moving	4,665	4,295	370	53,290	48,695	4,595
Other	85	35	50	1,405	260	1,145
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	85	35	50	1,405	255	1,145
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	698,620	338,065	360,555	7,229,120	3,498,625	3,730,500
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	209,630	109,610	100,015	2,521,950	1,299,790	1,222,160
Education	25,375	5,465	19,905	243,635	52,670	190,965
13. Education	25,370	5,465	19,910	243,635	52,670	190,965
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	16,620	7,250	9,370	192,630	85,175	107,450
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	3,420	2,395	1,030	28,705	21,070	7,635
50. Visual and performing arts	13,205	4,860	8,340	163,925	64,105	99,815
Humanities	27,740	10,400	17,345	266,665	95,805	170,855
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	4,440	835	3,600	29,210	5,775	23,435
23. English language and literature/letters	7,270	2,175	5,095	73,110	20,225	52,885
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	5,220	1,925	3,295	72,145	24,330	47,815
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	310	85	225	1,665	615	1,045
38. Philosophy and religious studies	1,870	1,050	820	17,755	9,925	7,830
39. Theology and religious vocations	1,610	980	625	19,390	11,790	7,605
54. History	5,520	3,105	2,410	42,315	21,735	20,585
55. French language and literature/letters	1,500	235	1,265	11,075	1,415	9,655
Social and behavioural sciences and law	82,815	29,190	53,625	648,285	207,200	441,085
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	1,275	310	965	8,630	1,785	6,845
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	8,360	2,950	5,410	67,115	26,015	41,105
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	10,445	895	9,550	111,550	8,405	103,145
22. Legal professions and studies	13,705	4,525	9,180	108,895	34,250	74,650
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	2,050	465	1,585	12,875	2,705	10,170
42. Psychology	11,960	2,805	9,160	93,770	21,045	72,725
45. Social sciences	35,020	17,250	17,770	245,445	113,000	132,445
Business, management and public administration	96,030	37,965	58,065	1,026,975	414,425	612,550
30.16 Accounting and computer science	210	85	120	2,225	715	1,510
44. Public administration and social service professions	10,470	2,590	7,880	88,130	16,590	71,540
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	85,355	35,290	50,065	936,620	397,120	539,500
Physical and life sciences and technologies	21,710	10,320	11,395	190,235	88,535	101,700
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	11,085	4,290	6,790	84,580	33,150	51,425
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	3,120	1,510	1,615	41,255	18,020	23,240
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	240	60	180	3,135	975	2,165
40. Physical sciences	6,490	4,185	2,305	52,490	33,175	19,310
41. Science technologies/technicians	780	275	505	8,775	3,215	5,555
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	33,865	22,005	11,865	252,275	162,360	89,915
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	26,790	18,700	8,085	198,775	136,120	62,655
25. Library science	2,145	445	1,700	10,755	1,765	8,995
27. Mathematics and statistics	3,955	2,245	1,710	38,160	21,440	16,720
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	980	615	370	4,580	3,030	1,550
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	84,315	73,625	10,690	878,300	779,075	99,225
04. Architecture and related services	4,135	2,585	1,550	42,115	27,365	14,745
14. Engineering	30,365	24,285	6,085	266,040	211,240	54,800
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	18,500	16,535	1,965	178,830	160,160	18,675
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	30	0	25	140	25	115
46. Construction trades	12,020	11,670	345	141,515	138,160	3,360
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	14,320	13,840	480	162,855	158,770	4,080
48. Precision production	4,950	4,710	240	86,805	83,355	3,450
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	9,100	5,230	3,865	82,775	49,710	33,065
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	5,545	3,305	2,235	50,160	30,065	20,095
03. Natural resources and conservation	3,555	1,925	1,630	32,615	19,650	12,965
Health and related fields	65,015	13,275	51,735	664,880	133,665	531,220
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	6,035	2,865	3,170	58,160	27,950	30,205
51. Health professions and related programs	57,175	9,560	47,615	589,085	96,720	492,365
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	1,805	845	955	17,640	8,990	8,645
Personal, protective and transportation services	26,320	13,700	12,625	259,400	129,985	129,415
12. Personal and culinary services	13,505	3,810	9,695	137,250	36,225	101,030
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	750	605	145	1,685	1,405	280
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	380	345	30	1,415	1,270	145
43. Security and protective services	8,090	5,655	2,435	77,190	52,840	24,345
49. Transportation and materials moving	3,595	3,280	315	41,855	38,245	3,610
Other	80	35	45	1,125	220	900
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	80	35	50	1,125	225	900
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	1,068,405	517,440	550,965	11,038,440	5,342,755	5,695,685
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	429,450	213,950	215,500	4,961,460	2,447,010	2,514,445
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	638,955	303,495	335,460	6,076,985	2,895,745	3,181,240
Location of study inside Canada	551,985	261,540	290,445	4,786,950	2,261,260	2,525,690
Same as province or territory of residence	456,775	216,160	240,615	4,414,485	2,081,525	2,332,960
Different than province or territory of residence	95,215	45,385	49,830	372,470	179,735	192,730
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	86,970	41,950	45,015	1,290,035	634,485	655,545
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	14,525	7,850	6,675	167,260	89,350	77,910
Philippines	4,675	1,400	3,275	115,410	39,750	75,655
India	5,795	2,800	3,000	169,340	85,500	83,840
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	11,880	6,695	5,185	115,690	66,215	49,470
China^{Census data footnote 162}	6,415	2,930	3,490	98,415	46,230	52,185
France	2,235	1,120	1,115	10,775	5,800	4,975
Other	41,445	19,160	22,280	613,145	301,635	311,510
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	698,620	338,065	360,555	7,229,120	3,498,620	3,730,500
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	209,630	109,610	100,015	2,521,955	1,299,795	1,222,160
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	488,995	228,450	260,540	4,707,170	2,198,830	2,508,335
Location of study inside Canada	425,425	199,260	226,160	3,713,145	1,728,610	1,984,540
Same as province or territory of residence	354,490	165,740	188,745	3,432,015	1,593,170	1,838,850
Different than province or territory of residence	70,940	33,520	37,420	281,130	135,440	145,690
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	63,570	29,190	34,375	994,025	470,225	523,800
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	10,405	5,325	5,075	127,005	65,045	61,960
Philippines	4,045	1,200	2,845	97,230	32,925	64,300
India	4,155	1,955	2,200	143,205	70,040	73,175
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	6,465	3,500	2,965	62,325	34,315	28,010
China^{Census data footnote 162}	4,740	2,090	2,650	82,020	37,900	44,125
France	1,745	855	890	8,705	4,630	4,070
Other	32,015	14,270	17,750	473,530	225,365	248,160
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	1,068,405	517,440	550,965	11,038,440	5,342,755	5,695,680
In the labour force	702,740	359,610	343,130	7,141,675	3,689,625	3,452,055
Employed	652,640	332,550	320,085	6,612,150	3,414,255	3,197,895
Unemployed	50,095	27,055	23,045	529,525	275,370	254,160
Not in the labour force	365,665	157,835	207,835	3,896,765	1,653,130	2,243,630
Participation rate	65.8	69.5	62.3	64.7	69.1	60.6
Employment rate	61.1	64.3	58.1	59.9	63.9	56.1
Unemployment rate	7.1	7.5	6.7	7.4	7.5	7.4
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	1,068,405	517,440	550,965	11,038,440	5,342,755	5,695,685
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	345,055	148,385	196,670	3,696,235	1,561,475	2,134,755
Worked	723,350	369,055	354,290	7,342,205	3,781,280	3,560,925
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	393,755	215,625	178,130	3,837,565	2,148,635	1,688,935
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	329,595	153,430	176,165	3,504,645	1,632,645	1,871,995
Average weeks worked in reference year	43.3	43.7	42.9	42.9	43.4	42.3
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	702,740	359,610	343,130	7,141,675	3,689,625	3,452,055
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	15,885	7,890	7,995	171,050	81,735	89,315
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	686,855	351,720	335,140	6,970,625	3,607,890	3,362,735
Employee	612,450	306,560	305,890	6,146,035	3,084,740	3,061,295
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	74,400	45,155	29,250	824,595	523,145	301,445
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	702,740	359,605	343,135	7,141,675	3,689,625	3,452,050
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	15,885	7,890	7,995	171,045	81,735	89,315
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	686,855	351,720	335,140	6,970,625	3,607,890	3,362,735
0 Management occupations	80,995	49,215	31,780	790,880	483,240	307,635
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	119,035	38,305	80,725	1,124,770	357,215	767,555
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	71,545	54,240	17,310	516,110	399,195	116,915
3 Health occupations	45,725	9,670	36,055	447,045	90,495	356,550
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	103,245	36,380	66,855	831,340	265,075	566,265
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	23,295	10,110	13,180	225,720	104,445	121,275
6 Sales and service occupations	149,205	70,075	79,130	1,632,085	709,375	922,710
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	71,200	66,790	4,415	927,820	866,870	60,950
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	9,060	7,160	1,905	113,405	88,150	25,260
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	13,550	9,775	3,780	361,455	243,835	117,620
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	702,740	359,610	343,135	7,141,675	3,689,625	3,452,050
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	15,885	7,890	7,995	171,050	81,730	89,315
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	686,855	351,720	335,140	6,970,625	3,607,890	3,362,735
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	9,055	6,215	2,845	102,070	67,005	35,070
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	990	870	115	32,340	27,920	4,415
22 Utilities	2,450	1,975	480	50,820	38,195	12,630
23 Construction	41,525	36,490	5,030	476,835	419,600	57,230
31-33 Manufacturing	31,190	22,205	8,990	683,335	482,800	200,530
41 Wholesale trade	17,850	12,945	4,910	270,745	178,945	91,800
44-45 Retail trade	75,870	38,075	37,795	783,540	367,175	416,365
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	24,045	17,710	6,335	329,240	242,045	87,190
51 Information and cultural industries	16,670	10,250	6,415	176,715	101,045	75,670
52 Finance and insurance	21,070	9,250	11,825	380,765	169,590	211,180
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	11,830	6,495	5,335	144,275	77,385	66,890
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	60,520	36,080	24,440	567,825	316,685	251,140
55 Management of companies and enterprises	510	175	330	12,365	5,290	7,075
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	30,445	18,305	12,145	338,640	190,210	148,430
61 Educational services	53,405	17,210	36,190	528,470	163,680	364,795
62 Health care and social assistance	78,085	15,090	62,990	754,555	134,270	620,275
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	13,660	6,610	7,050	147,425	75,330	72,095
72 Accommodation and food services	45,375	21,250	24,125	478,070	201,260	276,805
81 Other services (except public administration)	29,240	12,510	16,735	296,960	133,220	163,745
91 Public administration	123,065	62,010	61,060	415,635	216,250	199,385
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	652,640	332,555	320,090	6,612,150	3,414,255	3,197,900
Worked at home	49,365	25,020	24,345	480,290	242,495	237,795
Worked outside Canada	2,645	1,750	900	39,145	25,995	13,150
No fixed workplace address	60,140	43,835	16,305	736,715	536,140	200,570
Worked at usual place	540,490	261,955	278,535	5,355,995	2,609,620	2,746,375
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	540,485	261,955	278,535	5,356,000	2,609,625	2,746,375
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	417,985	200,955	217,035	3,109,070	1,418,260	1,690,810
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	38,500	17,415	21,085	857,565	419,960	437,605
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	58,160	30,120	28,040	1,350,375	749,770	600,605
Commute to a different province or territory	25,840	13,460	12,375	38,990	21,630	17,355
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	600,625	305,785	294,835	6,092,710	3,145,765	2,946,945
Car, truck, van - as a driver	412,355	221,815	190,535	4,375,215	2,392,270	1,982,945
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	35,605	12,215	23,395	372,480	151,880	220,600
Public transit	94,295	42,020	52,275	888,920	376,690	512,235
Walked	40,190	18,760	21,425	320,015	143,885	176,130
Bicycle	12,205	7,915	4,295	75,460	50,200	25,260
Other method	5,980	3,070	2,915	60,620	30,835	29,785
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	600,625	305,790	294,840	6,092,715	3,145,765	2,946,950
Less than 15 minutes	139,170	66,285	72,890	1,463,845	675,540	788,310
15 to 29 minutes	210,425	107,875	102,555	1,964,690	991,525	973,165
30 to 44 minutes	139,445	73,540	65,900	1,295,375	706,155	589,225
45 to 59 minutes	62,500	31,865	30,635	612,415	336,090	276,325
60 minutes and over	49,090	26,220	22,865	756,385	436,455	319,930
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	600,625	305,790	294,835	6,092,715	3,145,765	2,946,950
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	35,955	24,205	11,750	413,515	296,265	117,245
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	115,025	65,360	49,670	1,039,255	640,810	398,445
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	172,655	83,070	89,590	1,571,230	778,100	793,130
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	133,920	61,450	72,470	1,354,870	577,565	777,310
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	62,930	28,890	34,035	740,330	328,410	411,920
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	80,140	42,815	37,330	973,515	524,620	448,895
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	743,640	379,030	364,615	7,579,085	3,895,880	3,683,200
Single responses	708,500	363,055	345,450	7,434,675	3,828,665	3,606,015
Official languages	704,805	361,190	343,615	7,319,360	3,767,405	3,551,955
English	654,615	340,055	314,560	7,225,210	3,732,550	3,492,655
French	50,195	21,135	29,055	94,145	34,850	59,295
Non-official languages	3,695	1,860	1,830	115,320	61,255	54,060
Aboriginal languages	45	10	40	1,485	765	715
Algonquian languages	0	0	10	1,420	745	675
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	10	0	0	370	220	150
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	10
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	10	360	215	145
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	1,050	525	525
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	495	235	265
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	545	290	260
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	10	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	25	10	25	25	0	20
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	25	0	20	25	10	20
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	10	0	10	25	10	20
Cayuga	0	0	0	10	0	10
Mohawk	10	0	10	20	10	10
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	10	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	10	0	10	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	3,650	1,855	1,795	113,835	60,490	53,340
Afro-Asiatic languages	610	360	245	3,305	1,995	1,310
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	20	0	20	125	45	80
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	15	10	10
Somali	20	0	20	110	35	70
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	590	360	230	3,175	1,955	1,225
Amharic	0	0	0	75	30	45
Arabic	565	345	220	2,430	1,605	825
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	145	110	40
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	35	20	15
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	20	10	10	395	140	260
Maltese	0	0	0	20	15	10
Tigrigna	0	0	0	60	30	25
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	135	50	90	2,575	1,065	1,510
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	95	50	50
Vietnamese	135	45	90	2,480	1,015	1,465
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	45	20	20	1,280	495	790
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	25	10	15
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	10	10	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	40	20	20
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	10	0	0	55	20	30
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	30	10	20	1,145	435	705
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	10	0	10	0	10
Creole languages	25	15	15	60	35	30
Haitian Creole	0	0	10	15	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	20	10	10	50	25	20
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Dravidian languages	15	15	0	1,980	945	1,035
Kannada	0	0	0	10	0	10
Malayalam	0	10	0	75	45	30
Tamil	10	10	0	1,870	900	975
Telugu	0	0	0	35	10	20
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	1,015	465	555	38,960	21,375	17,580
Albanian	0	0	0	275	170	105
Armenian	0	0	0	145	75	75
Balto-Slavic languages	275	100	180	6,655	3,165	3,495
Baltic languages	0	0	0	70	25	40
Latvian	0	0	0	20	10	10
Lithuanian	0	0	0	45	20	25
Slavic languages	275	100	180	6,595	3,135	3,455
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	10	10	0	100	55	40
Bulgarian	10	10	0	120	85	40
Croatian	10	10	0	155	100	50
Czech	0	0	0	25	20	10
Macedonian	0	0	0	85	35	45
Polish	45	15	30	1,925	960	960
Russian	155	45	105	2,905	1,240	1,670
Serbian	20	10	15	390	240	145
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	20	10	10
Slovak	0	0	0	55	40	20
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	15	0	10
Ukrainian	30	10	15	780	320	460
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	15	10	10
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	10	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Germanic languages	195	90	105	6,905	3,655	3,250
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	10	10	10	30	15	20
Dutch	20	10	10	790	425	365
Frisian	0	0	0	25	20	10
German	150	65	80	5,690	3,005	2,690
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	10	0
Norwegian	10	0	10	30	10	20
Swedish	10	0	10	55	15	35
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	10	10	10
Yiddish	10	0	0	20	0	20
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	240	155	80
Greek	20	15	0	405	240	165
Indo-Iranian languages	120	60	60	11,880	6,560	5,315
Indo-Aryan languages	60	35	25	9,205	4,900	4,310
Bengali	10	10	0	335	160	170
Gujarati	0	0	0	730	255	475
Hindi	20	10	10	800	380	415
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	30	10	20
Nepali	10	0	10	80	30	50
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	10	6,025	3,480	2,550
Sindhi	0	0	0	20	10	15
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	30	15	10
Urdu	25	10	15	1,150	555	600
Iranian languages	60	25	35	2,660	1,655	1,005
Kurdish	0	0	0	105	95	15
Pashto	10	10	0	20	10	15
Persian (Farsi)	50	20	30	2,530	1,555	975
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Italic (Romance) languages	400	200	200	12,680	7,505	5,170
Catalan	0	0	0	10	0	10
Italian	45	30	15	945	505	445
Portuguese	85	60	25	5,815	3,865	1,950
Romanian	0	0	0	300	140	160
Spanish	265	115	155	5,590	2,985	2,605
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	10	10
Japanese	65	30	30	1,010	360	655
Kartvelian languages	0	0	10	15	0	10
Georgian	10	0	0	15	0	10
Korean	85	45	40	4,945	2,505	2,445
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	30	10	20	120	55	65
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	20	0	20
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	10	0
Ganda	0	0	0	25	15	15
Igbo	0	10	0	10	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	0	15	15	0	10
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	10	0	0	20	10	0
Wolof	0	0	0	10	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	10	0	10
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	10	0	20	20	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	45	15	30	810	295	515
American Sign Language	30	15	15	575	170	410
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	10	10	0	10
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	10	0	225	130	100
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,490	785	705	57,620	30,735	26,890
Chinese languages	1,480	780	700	57,535	30,690	26,840
Cantonese	570	320	250	26,955	14,190	12,770
Hakka	0	0	0	30	10	25
Mandarin	840	400	435	29,090	15,730	13,360
Min Dong	0	0	0	30	15	10
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	0	0	250	155	90
Wu (Shanghainese)	10	0	0	35	20	10
Chinese, n.o.s.	60	50	10	1,145	565	580
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	10	10	0	90	50	45
Burmese	0	10	0	10	10	10
Karenic languages	0	0	0	30	10	20
Tibetan	0	0	0	45	30	15
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	45	25	20	235	95	145
Lao	10	10	0	80	40	35
Thai	30	15	20	160	55	105
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	25	15	10	465	315	150
Azerbaijani	0	10	0	15	15	0
Turkish	15	10	15	440	295	140
Uyghur	10	0	0	10	10	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	10	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	10	0	10	420	205	220
Estonian	0	0	0	45	10	35
Finnish	10	0	0	75	25	50
Hungarian	0	0	0	295	165	130
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	10	0	10	0	10
Multiple responses	35,140	15,975	19,165	144,405	67,215	77,185
English and French	30,790	13,890	16,900	63,665	26,760	36,900
English and non-official language	3,515	1,690	1,820	78,240	39,330	38,910
French and non-official language	80	30	50	175	75	100
English, French and non-official language	755	360	395	2,325	1,055	1,270
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	743,640	379,030	364,615	7,579,080	3,895,880	3,683,200
None	566,030	296,190	269,840	6,975,415	3,605,485	3,369,930
English	35,750	15,935	19,820	109,150	48,930	60,220
French	130,475	61,260	69,215	260,050	118,655	141,395
Non-official language	9,735	4,885	4,850	226,490	119,130	107,360
Aboriginal	215	70	145	5,970	2,480	3,490
Non-Aboriginal	9,520	4,810	4,710	220,520	116,650	103,870
English and French	125	45	75	245	100	150
English and non-official language	190	90	100	1,620	780	845
French and non-official language	1,335	625	710	6,080	2,780	3,300
English, French and non-official language	10	10	0	35	25	10
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	1,268,015	619,000	649,010	13,106,990	6,403,470	6,703,520
Non-movers	1,106,320	539,960	566,355	11,475,985	5,603,290	5,872,695
Movers	161,690	79,040	82,650	1,631,005	800,180	830,820
Non-migrants	104,650	51,185	53,465	941,380	460,170	481,210
Migrants	57,040	27,850	29,190	689,625	340,015	349,610
Internal migrants	43,950	21,260	22,690	535,180	263,055	272,120
Intraprovincial migrants	30,305	14,510	15,795	467,890	229,080	238,810
Interprovincial migrants	13,650	6,750	6,900	67,290	33,980	33,315
External migrants	13,090	6,590	6,495	154,445	76,955	77,490
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	1,214,280	591,935	622,350	12,546,040	6,116,715	6,429,325
Non-movers	756,280	369,020	387,260	7,887,825	3,845,945	4,041,880
Movers	458,000	222,920	235,085	4,658,215	2,270,770	2,387,445
Non-migrants	280,220	136,475	143,745	2,545,875	1,238,055	1,307,820
Migrants	177,775	86,440	91,335	2,112,340	1,032,710	1,079,630
Internal migrants	134,375	64,655	69,720	1,562,375	761,630	800,740
Intraprovincial migrants	92,215	44,285	47,930	1,380,900	672,540	708,360
Interprovincial migrants	42,165	20,375	21,785	181,480	89,090	92,390
External migrants	43,400	21,785	21,615	549,965	271,080	278,885

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 35 referrer

Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 36 referrer

Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 37 referrer

Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 38 referrer

Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

Return to footnote 39 referrer

Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

Return to footnote 41 referrer

Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 42 referrer

Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Return to footnote 43 referrer

Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 44 referrer

Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 45 referrer

Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

Return to footnote 46 referrer

Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

Return to footnote 47 referrer

Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 48 referrer

Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

Return to footnote 52 referrer

Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Ottawa [Economic region], Ontario and Ontario [Province] (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 6, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Ottawa [Economic region], Ontario and Ontario [Province]

Census Profile, 2016 Census Ottawa [Economic region], Ontario and Ontario [Province]

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Ottawa [Economic region], Ontario and Ontario [Province]