Census Profile, 2016 Census
Ottawa [Economic region], Ontario and Saskatchewan [Province]

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Ottawa Ontario [Economic region]			Saskatchewan [Province]
	Data quality , Ottawa [Economic region], Ontario Map : Ottawa [Economic region], Ontario Change geography 1			Data quality : Saskatchewan [Province] Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	1,306,249	...	...	1,098,352	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	1,244,909	...	...	1,033,381	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	4.9	...	...	6.3	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	564,144	...	...	495,582	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	528,303	...	...	432,622	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	89.9	...	...	1.9	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	14,523.17	...	...	588,243.54	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	1,306,250	636,060	670,185	1,098,350	545,785	552,565
0 to 14 years	212,825	108,335	104,490	215,685	110,410	105,275
0 to 4 years	66,855	33,960	32,895	73,130	37,335	35,795
5 to 9 years	73,325	37,365	35,960	74,460	38,155	36,305
10 to 14 years	72,650	37,010	35,635	68,095	34,920	33,175
15 to 64 years	870,635	426,940	443,690	712,240	358,110	354,130
15 to 19 years	77,855	39,645	38,210	67,660	34,675	32,980
20 to 24 years	88,135	44,735	43,400	70,060	36,075	33,985
25 to 29 years	82,255	40,915	41,340	77,525	39,290	38,235
30 to 34 years	80,635	39,395	41,240	77,520	38,610	38,915
35 to 39 years	78,700	37,620	41,080	71,590	35,940	35,650
40 to 44 years	84,245	40,225	44,025	64,950	32,515	32,440
45 to 49 years	90,310	43,900	46,415	63,580	31,780	31,795
50 to 54 years	104,995	51,625	53,370	75,245	37,230	38,015
55 to 59 years	98,890	48,080	50,805	76,195	38,070	38,125
60 to 64 years	84,610	40,800	43,805	67,915	33,935	33,985
65 years and over	222,790	100,785	122,005	170,425	77,265	93,160
65 to 69 years	74,925	36,000	38,925	53,230	26,285	26,945
70 to 74 years	53,270	25,350	27,925	37,740	18,225	19,510
75 to 79 years	38,050	17,540	20,510	29,400	13,415	15,985
80 to 84 years	27,315	11,930	15,390	23,115	9,945	13,170
85 years and over	29,230	9,970	19,260	26,940	9,395	17,550
85 to 89 years	17,590	6,670	10,925	16,280	6,305	9,975
90 to 94 years	8,925	2,720	6,205	8,000	2,515	5,485
95 to 99 years	2,390	545	1,845	2,290	520	1,760
100 years and over	325	35	290	375	50	325
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16.3	17.0	15.6	19.6	20.2	19.1
15 to 64 years	66.7	67.1	66.2	64.8	65.6	64.1
65 years and over	17.1	15.8	18.2	15.5	14.2	16.9
85 years and over	2.2	1.6	2.9	2.5	1.7	3.2
Average age of the population	41.3	40.3	42.1	39.1	38.2	40.0
Median age of the population	42.0	40.9	42.9	37.8	36.9	38.7
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	528,300	...	...	432,620	...	...
Single-detached house	272,360	...	...	314,340	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	70,860	...	...	10,520	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	182,795	...	...	98,435	...	...
Semi-detached house	28,680	...	...	12,705	...	...
Row house	84,710	...	...	18,535	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	11,760	...	...	9,385	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	56,555	...	...	57,115	...	...
Other single-attached house	1,085	...	...	700	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	2,295	...	...	9,325	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	528,305	...	...	432,625	...	...
1 person	146,030	...	...	121,175	...	...
2 persons	186,755	...	...	153,610	...	...
3 persons	80,655	...	...	60,240	...	...
4 persons	74,420	...	...	56,080	...	...
5 or more persons	40,440	...	...	41,520	...	...
Number of persons in private households	1,280,925	...	...	1,070,560	...	...
Average household size	2.4	...	...	2.5	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	1,093,420	527,725	565,695	882,670	435,375	447,290
Married or living common law	632,850	316,200	316,645	520,430	261,075	259,355
Married	523,310	261,195	262,115	437,875	219,800	218,075
Living common law	109,535	55,010	54,530	82,550	41,270	41,280
Not married and not living common law	460,575	211,525	249,050	362,240	174,310	187,930
Never married	305,850	161,735	144,115	242,070	133,750	108,325
Separated	30,515	12,830	17,690	19,795	8,945	10,855
Divorced	64,970	24,770	40,200	47,180	20,985	26,200
Widowed	59,245	12,195	47,045	53,190	10,635	42,555
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	367,185	...	...	302,260	...	...
2 persons	188,495	...	...	157,195	...	...
3 persons	76,545	...	...	58,770	...	...
4 persons	71,525	...	...	54,125	...	...
5 or more persons	30,615	...	...	32,170	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	367,190	...	...	302,260	...	...
Total couple families	309,715	...	...	252,765	...	...
Married couples	254,970	...	...	211,500	...	...
Common-law couples	54,740	...	...	41,265	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	57,470	...	...	49,495	...	...
Female parent	45,205	...	...	38,165	...	...
Male parent	12,265	...	...	11,330	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	309,715	...	...	252,770	...	...
Couples without children	154,190	...	...	129,085	...	...
Couples with children	155,525	...	...	123,685	...	...
1 child	59,985	...	...	45,495	...	...
2 children	66,800	...	...	49,035	...	...
3 or more children	28,740	...	...	29,150	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	57,470	...	...	49,490	...	...
1 child	34,305	...	...	28,110	...	...
2 children	16,560	...	...	13,280	...	...
3 or more children	6,600	...	...	8,105	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	223,895	104,115	119,775	187,765	95,550	92,210
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	528,305	...	...	432,620	...	...
One-census-family households	351,225	...	...	285,675	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	147,595	...	...	124,620	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	203,625	...	...	161,055	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	7,860	...	...	7,975	...	...
Non-census-family households	169,220	...	...	138,965	...	...
One-person households	146,030	...	...	121,175	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	23,185	...	...	17,795	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	1,290,265	629,570	660,695	1,083,240	539,100	544,130
English only	780,650	394,930	385,725	1,023,400	511,940	511,460
French only	24,230	10,370	13,860	535	255	280
English and French	471,105	218,615	252,490	51,360	23,290	28,065
Neither English nor French	14,285	5,660	8,625	7,945	3,620	4,325
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	1,290,260	629,565	660,695	1,083,240	539,105	544,135
English	1,029,820	508,530	521,290	1,060,225	528,155	532,075
French	223,430	104,590	118,845	13,555	6,590	6,960
English and French	23,115	10,975	12,145	1,770	890	885
Neither English nor French	13,900	5,470	8,425	7,685	3,475	4,220
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	234,985	110,075	124,910	14,435	7,035	7,405
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	18.2	17.5	18.9	1.3	1.3	1.4
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	1,290,265	629,570	660,695	1,083,240	539,105	544,135
Single responses	1,251,055	610,960	640,100	1,064,675	530,145	534,530
Official languages	1,036,580	509,710	526,870	907,715	452,955	454,760
English	825,155	410,215	414,935	892,615	445,635	446,985
French	211,425	99,490	111,935	15,100	7,320	7,775
Non-official languages	214,475	101,250	113,230	156,960	77,195	79,770
Aboriginal languages	1,185	475	705	28,340	13,685	14,660
Algonquian languages	315	135	180	19,965	9,640	10,325
Blackfoot	0	0	0	10	5	5
Cree-Montagnais languages	170	75	95	19,015	9,190	9,825
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	5	0	0	0
Moose Cree	5	0	0	5	0	0
Naskapi	10	5	0	5	0	0
Northern East Cree	25	15	10	30	15	10
Plains Cree	10	5	5	2,080	975	1,105
Southern East Cree	0	0	5	5	5	5
Swampy Cree	30	15	20	250	115	135
Woods Cree	0	0	0	780	370	410
Cree, n.o.s.	80	35	45	15,860	7,710	8,155
Eastern Algonquian languages	25	10	10	5	0	5
Malecite	5	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	20	5	15	5	5	5
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	120	45	75	935	445	490
Algonquin	25	10	20	0	0	0
Ojibway	85	35	55	925	440	485
Oji-Cree	5	0	0	10	5	5
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	5	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	5	0	0
Athabaskan languages	10	0	10	7,860	3,800	4,060
Northern Athabaskan languages	5	0	5	7,860	3,805	4,055
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	10	0	5	7,855	3,800	4,055
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	375	130	240	35	10	20
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	5	5	0
Inuktitut	340	120	220	20	10	15
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	10	0	5
Iroquoian languages	470	200	270	5	0	5
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	460	200	260	0	0	5
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	5	5	0	235	110	125
Salish languages	0	0	0	5	5	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	5	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	5	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	230	110	120
Dakota	0	0	0	195	85	105
Stoney	0	0	0	5	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	20	15
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	5	0	0	5	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	5	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	5	5	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	15	10	5	10	5	5
Non-Aboriginal languages	213,300	100,770	112,525	128,620	63,510	65,110
Afro-Asiatic languages	44,975	22,550	22,425	6,770	3,560	3,215
Berber languages	380	200	180	10	5	0
Kabyle	250	130	120	5	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	125	65	60	10	5	0
Cushitic languages	6,660	2,875	3,785	1,050	505	545
Bilen	45	30	25	55	25	30
Oromo	220	125	95	195	100	90
Somali	6,305	2,685	3,620	775	355	415
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	90	45	50	25	15	10
Semitic languages	37,880	19,445	18,435	5,685	3,035	2,650
Amharic	1,465	690	775	290	140	155
Arabic	34,870	17,995	16,875	4,040	2,200	1,840
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	75	30	40	305	160	145
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	10	5	5	150	75	75
Harari	60	30	30	5	0	0
Hebrew	370	195	170	75	45	30
Maltese	45	20	25	10	5	5
Tigrigna	910	440	470	680	340	340
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	75	40	35	130	65	60
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	55	30	25	25	15	5
Austro-Asiatic languages	7,230	3,315	3,915	2,560	1,250	1,305
Khmer (Cambodian)	1,110	490	620	135	70	70
Vietnamese	6,110	2,820	3,285	2,420	1,180	1,235
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	5	5	5	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	8,180	2,925	5,255	23,415	11,130	12,280
Bikol	30	10	25	85	40	40
Cebuano	395	125	270	1,545	685	855
Fijian	5	0	0	25	20	5
Hiligaynon	115	35	75	255	120	140
Ilocano	585	230	355	790	370	415
Malagasy	60	30	30	0	0	0
Malay	420	170	250	125	55	70
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	25	10	15	175	80	95
Pangasinan	35	15	20	40	15	25
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	6,345	2,240	4,105	20,045	9,590	10,455
Waray-Waray	45	15	30	60	30	35
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	130	45	85	265	125	140
Creole languages	4,285	1,795	2,490	220	105	120
Haitian Creole	300	135	170	5	0	5
Creole, n.o.s.	3,800	1,575	2,220	150	70	80
Creole languages, n.i.e.	185	85	95	65	30	35
Dravidian languages	4,305	2,225	2,080	1,560	865	700
Kannada	225	120	110	60	35	30
Malayalam	690	360	325	850	455	395
Tamil	2,880	1,470	1,410	350	200	150
Telugu	495	270	225	285	165	120
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	10	10	0
Hmong-Mien languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	97,310	46,485	50,825	73,170	36,230	36,930
Albanian	665	330	335	380	190	190
Armenian	505	260	245	70	40	30
Balto-Slavic languages	21,810	9,780	12,035	18,460	8,490	9,970
Baltic languages	535	225	310	175	85	90
Latvian	295	130	165	100	45	50
Lithuanian	240	95	145	75	40	35
Slavic languages	21,280	9,555	11,720	18,285	8,400	9,885
Belarusan	40	20	20	0	0	0
Bosnian	615	280	335	225	110	120
Bulgarian	875	410	465	65	35	30
Croatian	1,075	495	575	455	240	220
Czech	1,070	490	585	235	115	125
Macedonian	65	30	40	55	30	30
Polish	6,075	2,735	3,345	1,865	850	1,015
Russian	6,390	2,780	3,605	3,045	1,460	1,580
Serbian	1,800	860	935	465	235	225
Serbo-Croatian	525	255	270	120	60	65
Slovak	630	285	345	115	60	55
Slovene (Slovenian)	240	95	140	80	40	45
Ukrainian	1,835	795	1,035	11,270	5,035	6,230
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	45	25	15	290	145	145
Celtic languages	145	65	80	60	30	30
Scottish Gaelic	55	30	25	10	5	5
Welsh	65	25	40	30	10	15
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	25	10	5
Germanic languages	13,500	6,330	7,165	24,455	11,710	12,745
Afrikaans	190	90	100	880	450	430
Danish	400	190	210	255	145	110
Dutch	4,145	2,010	2,130	1,385	685	700
Frisian	120	65	55	30	20	10
German	7,820	3,575	4,245	21,320	10,150	11,170
Icelandic	25	15	15	55	20	25
Norwegian	160	60	95	310	140	165
Swedish	310	155	155	150	60	90
Vlaams (Flemish)	120	55	65	60	25	35
Yiddish	190	105	80	25	10	10
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	5	5	0
Greek	2,540	1,350	1,195	935	490	445
Indo-Iranian languages	28,465	14,365	14,100	22,335	12,065	10,270
Indo-Aryan languages	19,615	9,910	9,705	19,995	10,780	9,210
Bengali	3,380	1,685	1,695	2,795	1,495	1,300
Gujarati	1,615	845	770	2,510	1,420	1,090
Hindi	2,940	1,505	1,440	1,545	880	665
Kashmiri	25	10	10	20	10	10
Konkani	110	55	50	35	15	10
Marathi	300	150	145	140	80	55
Nepali	935	445	490	770	400	370
Oriya (Odia)	40	25	15	25	10	10
Punjabi (Panjabi)	4,105	2,105	2,000	5,250	2,890	2,360
Sindhi	285	130	150	120	65	55
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	840	405	435	270	130	135
Urdu	5,040	2,550	2,495	6,520	3,380	3,135
Iranian languages	8,745	4,395	4,355	2,065	1,130	940
Kurdish	660	345	315	145	80	65
Pashto	1,090	550	540	555	315	235
Persian (Farsi)	6,990	3,500	3,495	1,370	735	635
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	100	60	45	275	155	120
Italic (Romance) languages	29,675	14,005	15,670	6,470	3,225	3,250
Catalan	30	15	15	5	0	0
Italian	9,725	4,860	4,865	705	365	340
Portuguese	4,490	2,105	2,390	615	265	350
Romanian	2,690	1,230	1,460	850	425	430
Spanish	12,710	5,780	6,925	4,290	2,165	2,125
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	10	5	5
Japanese	1,055	320	735	320	100	220
Kartvelian languages	35	10	20	5	5	5
Georgian	35	10	25	5	0	5
Korean	2,170	915	1,250	1,670	800	865
Mongolic languages	30	15	15	40	20	25
Mongolian	30	15	15	40	20	25
Niger-Congo languages	5,490	2,420	3,070	2,310	1,235	1,075
Akan (Twi)	365	180	185	190	115	75
Bamanankan	80	30	45	0	0	5
Edo	35	15	20	35	20	15
Ewe	75	25	50	50	30	20
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	105	45	55	25	15	5
Ga	60	35	30	20	15	5
Ganda	125	60	65	35	15	20
Igbo	195	95	90	215	125	90
Lingala	340	125	210	30	20	15
Rundi (Kirundi)	850	365	485	145	85	65
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	655	235	420	115	55	60
Shona	115	45	70	90	55	40
Swahili	1,125	500	625	425	220	205
Wolof	80	40	45	20	10	10
Yoruba	245	130	115	465	240	220
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	1,055	495	555	430	220	215
Nilo-Saharan languages	305	140	170	335	195	140
Dinka	90	45	45	115	70	45
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	220	95	125	220	120	100
Sign languages	280	135	145	200	100	100
American Sign Language	95	35	55	65	35	35
Quebec Sign Language	15	10	5	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	165	90	80	135	70	65
Sino-Tibetan languages	32,610	15,125	17,485	13,500	6,700	6,795
Chinese languages	31,795	14,730	17,065	12,460	6,165	6,290
Cantonese	10,370	4,875	5,490	3,775	1,830	1,950
Hakka	165	65	95	35	20	15
Mandarin	18,895	8,700	10,195	7,230	3,600	3,630
Min Dong	50	25	25	5	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	740	320	420	210	110	100
Wu (Shanghainese)	450	205	245	60	35	25
Chinese, n.o.s.	1,110	525	585	1,135	570	565
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	5	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	815	395	420	1,040	530	505
Burmese	225	120	110	180	115	65
Karenic languages	325	155	165	810	395	415
Tibetan	95	50	45	15	5	10
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	170	75	95	35	20	20
Tai-Kadai languages	735	255	485	525	235	290
Lao	360	165	200	345	175	170
Thai	375	90	285	180	55	125
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	5	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	1,705	870	835	360	185	175
Azerbaijani	125	70	55	25	10	10
Turkish	1,440	735	700	290	155	130
Uyghur	10	5	5	5	0	5
Uzbek	65	30	40	30	5	15
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	65	30	35	15	10	10
Uralic languages	2,440	1,185	1,260	1,555	735	820
Estonian	185	95	90	20	10	10
Finnish	365	155	210	205	85	120
Hungarian	1,885	935	950	1,330	650	685
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	150	85	65	100	55	45
Multiple responses	39,205	18,610	20,595	18,560	8,955	9,605
English and French	16,445	7,785	8,660	2,045	985	1,060
English and non-official language	16,205	7,825	8,385	15,925	7,675	8,245
French and non-official language	4,000	1,825	2,175	315	150	165
English, French and non-official language	2,550	1,175	1,375	280	145	135
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	1,290,260	629,570	660,695	1,083,240	539,100	544,130
Single responses	1,226,575	599,570	627,000	1,049,130	522,390	526,740
Official languages	1,122,855	550,665	572,190	968,625	481,845	486,780
English	972,475	480,455	492,020	964,640	479,915	484,730
French	150,380	70,210	80,170	3,985	1,930	2,050
Non-official languages	103,715	48,910	54,810	80,505	40,540	39,960
Aboriginal languages	355	150	200	16,605	8,355	8,245
Algonquian languages	75	35	40	10,145	5,185	4,960
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	55	25	35	10,000	5,105	4,895
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	5	0	5	0	0	0
Moose Cree	5	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	5	5	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	10	5	10	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	1,195	580	610
Southern East Cree	5	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	5	0	5	95	40	55
Woods Cree	0	0	0	180	100	85
Cree, n.o.s.	30	15	15	8,525	4,380	4,145
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	20	10	10	140	75	65
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	20	15	5	145	80	70
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	6,360	3,130	3,235
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	6,365	3,130	3,230
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	5	5	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	6,360	3,130	3,230
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	135	55	80	5	0	5
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	115	50	75	5	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	5	0	0
Iroquoian languages	135	60	75	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	135	55	75	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	45	20	25
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	50	25	20
Dakota	0	0	0	35	15	10
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	5	10
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	103,365	48,755	54,610	63,905	32,185	31,720
Afro-Asiatic languages	24,940	11,985	12,950	4,625	2,340	2,290
Berber languages	225	110	110	0	0	0
Kabyle	185	90	95	5	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	40	20	20	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	3,855	1,580	2,275	720	335	380
Bilen	30	15	15	30	15	15
Oromo	130	70	60	140	75	70
Somali	3,645	1,475	2,165	530	245	290
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	55	20	30	15	5	5
Semitic languages	20,850	10,295	10,555	3,900	1,995	1,905
Amharic	850	400	450	150	75	70
Arabic	19,365	9,585	9,780	2,890	1,500	1,390
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	40	15	20	225	105	120
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	5	115	60	55
Harari	20	10	10	0	0	0
Hebrew	135	75	55	25	10	15
Maltese	5	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	425	200	225	430	205	220
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	70	40	30
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	10	5	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	4,260	1,950	2,310	1,740	850	895
Khmer (Cambodian)	465	200	260	40	20	25
Vietnamese	3,790	1,750	2,045	1,700	830	865
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	5	0	5	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	3,425	1,430	1,995	12,515	6,210	6,300
Bikol	0	0	0	15	5	10
Cebuano	125	50	70	580	280	295
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	45	15	25	110	60	50
Ilocano	230	110	120	240	115	120
Malagasy	20	10	5	0	0	0
Malay	125	50	70	35	20	15
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	70	35	35
Pangasinan	10	5	5	10	5	5
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	2,820	1,160	1,660	11,345	5,630	5,715
Waray-Waray	15	5	10	15	5	5
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	40	20	20	95	50	45
Creole languages	1,865	765	1,105	95	35	65
Haitian Creole	155	70	90	0	0	5
Creole, n.o.s.	1,645	665	980	65	25	40
Creole languages, n.i.e.	70	35	40	35	10	20
Dravidian languages	2,185	1,090	1,095	845	440	410
Kannada	80	40	35	20	10	10
Malayalam	290	150	140	525	265	260
Tamil	1,610	790	825	155	90	65
Telugu	195	105	90	145	75	70
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	39,895	18,945	20,950	31,235	15,915	15,325
Albanian	305	145	160	205	100	100
Armenian	220	105	120	45	25	20
Balto-Slavic languages	9,285	4,370	4,915	5,170	2,560	2,610
Baltic languages	115	50	65	80	35	45
Latvian	65	25	40	40	20	20
Lithuanian	50	25	25	40	15	25
Slavic languages	9,165	4,320	4,845	5,090	2,525	2,560
Belarusan	20	10	10	0	0	0
Bosnian	315	155	155	85	45	40
Bulgarian	420	200	220	35	20	15
Croatian	335	155	185	170	85	85
Czech	260	130	135	30	20	15
Macedonian	15	5	5	35	15	15
Polish	2,110	975	1,135	480	220	255
Russian	3,710	1,735	1,980	1,725	875	840
Serbian	1,040	520	525	270	140	130
Serbo-Croatian	200	105	100	45	20	25
Slovak	200	95	110	30	15	15
Slovene (Slovenian)	20	10	10	5	5	0
Ukrainian	520	240	280	2,010	985	1,025
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	170	80	90
Celtic languages	10	10	5	10	5	5
Scottish Gaelic	5	5	5	5	0	5
Welsh	0	0	0	5	0	5
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0	5	0
Germanic languages	1,600	770	835	8,110	3,990	4,120
Afrikaans	55	25	30	530	275	250
Danish	30	10	15	10	5	0
Dutch	285	140	150	200	110	95
Frisian	5	5	0	5	0	0
German	1,135	535	600	7,290	3,565	3,725
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	15	5	10	10	5	10
Swedish	55	35	15	10	5	10
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	5	5	0	0	5
Yiddish	15	5	10	5	0	5
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	45	25	20
Greek	770	360	405	395	190	205
Indo-Iranian languages	15,600	7,615	7,985	14,385	7,560	6,825
Indo-Aryan languages	10,380	5,135	5,250	12,960	6,820	6,140
Bengali	2,020	975	1,045	1,915	980	930
Gujarati	700	360	340	1,585	865	720
Hindi	1,310	660	655	880	490	390
Kashmiri	5	0	0	5	0	0
Konkani	35	15	20	10	5	5
Marathi	115	50	65	55	30	30
Nepali	735	360	375	570	290	275
Oriya (Odia)	10	5	5	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	2,295	1,160	1,130	3,485	1,885	1,605
Sindhi	70	30	45	55	25	25
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	390	190	200	140	70	70
Urdu	2,690	1,325	1,370	4,265	2,180	2,080
Iranian languages	5,195	2,465	2,725	1,280	660	615
Kurdish	375	195	180	65	40	30
Pashto	695	330	360	345	185	160
Persian (Farsi)	4,125	1,940	2,185	865	435	430
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	150	80	65
Italic (Romance) languages	12,110	5,575	6,535	2,920	1,480	1,435
Catalan	20	5	10	0	0	0
Italian	2,590	1,160	1,435	155	80	75
Portuguese	1,895	885	1,005	220	100	115
Romanian	1,245	580	660	315	165	150
Spanish	6,355	2,935	3,415	2,220	1,130	1,085
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	10	0	5
Japanese	405	140	265	120	45	75
Kartvelian languages	10	0	5	0	0	0
Georgian	5	5	0	0	0	0
Korean	1,205	555	650	1,180	590	595
Mongolic languages	15	10	5	25	10	10
Mongolian	15	10	5	25	10	10
Niger-Congo languages	1,485	665	825	735	350	380
Akan (Twi)	125	60	65	55	30	25
Bamanankan	15	5	10	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	10	0	5
Ewe	20	10	10	5	5	5
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	25	10	10	20	10	10
Ga	15	5	5	0	0	0
Ganda	30	10	15	10	5	5
Igbo	55	25	25	40	15	20
Lingala	70	25	45	15	10	10
Rundi (Kirundi)	265	130	135	85	45	40
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	230	80	150	35	15	25
Shona	25	10	5	35	25	15
Swahili	385	175	205	200	90	110
Wolof	35	15	20	0	5	0
Yoruba	50	25	25	115	55	55
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	150	65	80	100	45	55
Nilo-Saharan languages	80	35	45	135	65	70
Dinka	30	15	10	65	30	30
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	55	20	35	70	35	40
Sign languages	415	210	200	285	175	105
American Sign Language	125	60	70	50	30	20
Quebec Sign Language	20	10	15	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	265	140	125	230	150	85
Sino-Tibetan languages	21,420	10,140	11,280	9,700	4,835	4,865
Chinese languages	20,840	9,865	10,975	8,925	4,450	4,475
Cantonese	5,955	2,750	3,210	2,400	1,140	1,265
Hakka	55	15	35	5	0	0
Mandarin	13,645	6,530	7,120	5,645	2,865	2,780
Min Dong	10	5	5	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	290	120	170	80	45	35
Wu (Shanghainese)	250	120	135	30	15	15
Chinese, n.o.s.	635	330	305	760	385	380
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	5
Tibeto-Burman languages	580	275	305	775	380	395
Burmese	150	70	80	115	65	55
Karenic languages	250	120	125	640	310	335
Tibetan	70	35	30	10	0	5
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	110	45	60	5	5	5
Tai-Kadai languages	275	105	170	190	85	105
Lao	175	75	100	125	60	60
Thai	100	30	65	70	25	45
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	880	430	450	195	100	95
Azerbaijani	55	25	25	5	5	5
Turkish	775	375	400	170	90	85
Uyghur	5	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	35	20	20	10	5	10
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	20	15	5	5	0	5
Uralic languages	570	265	305	240	125	120
Estonian	25	10	15	10	0	5
Finnish	40	15	20	15	10	5
Hungarian	510	240	270	215	110	105
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	35	20	15	45	25	20
Multiple responses	63,685	29,995	33,695	34,110	16,720	17,395
English and French	16,465	7,575	8,895	1,210	575	635
English and non-official language	38,890	18,730	20,165	32,250	15,810	16,435
French and non-official language	3,430	1,460	1,970	150	85	70
English, French and non-official language	4,890	2,230	2,660	495	250	250
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	1,290,260	629,570	660,695	1,083,235	539,100	544,130
None	1,022,345	504,475	517,870	983,935	490,490	493,450
English	104,095	49,350	54,745	41,920	21,045	20,875
French	81,615	37,515	44,100	9,340	4,085	5,255
Non-official language	72,705	33,895	38,810	46,495	22,705	23,785
Aboriginal	795	325	470	13,490	6,445	7,050
Non-Aboriginal	71,910	33,570	38,340	33,005	16,265	16,740
English and French	2,725	1,285	1,445	170	85	85
English and non-official language	2,590	1,215	1,375	860	440	420
French and non-official language	4,090	1,780	2,305	495	245	255
English, French and non-official language	90	50	45	20	5	10
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	1,068,405	517,455	550,945	857,270	424,245	433,025
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	1,024,135	496,175	527,955	822,620	407,715	414,905
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	39,244	45,394	34,252	38,299	46,117	31,978
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	1,024,515	496,225	528,290	822,745	407,730	415,015
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	35,031	39,940	30,991	34,570	40,492	29,564
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	925,315	455,660	469,655	750,515	378,290	372,225
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	38,735	45,342	32,838	36,883	45,587	29,314
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	719,730	321,760	397,970	550,165	236,760	313,405
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	4,758	3,006	5,640	5,340	4,200	5,870
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	755,435	383,520	371,910	636,955	331,975	304,970
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	38,202	43,077	33,906	36,612	44,551	30,027
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	1,068,405	517,440	550,965	857,300	424,265	433,030
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	1,024,165	496,050	528,120	822,545	407,840	414,705
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	51,139	58,668	44,067	49,409	58,791	40,184
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	1,024,570	496,070	528,495	822,655	407,855	414,800
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	42,043	47,391	37,023	40,933	47,453	34,523
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	925,445	455,415	470,030	750,475	378,445	372,035
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	50,843	59,061	42,880	48,491	58,779	38,026
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	719,720	321,675	398,045	549,500	236,590	312,910
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,395	6,853	7,833	7,734	7,322	8,045
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	755,430	382,920	372,515	636,950	331,745	305,205
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	49,503	56,094	42,728	46,853	55,728	37,207
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	1,068,405	517,440	550,965	857,295	424,260	433,030
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	384,140	209,230	174,910	302,780	173,250	129,525
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	61,057	65,412	56,694	55,368	62,070	48,579
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	70,327	76,585	62,842	64,855	72,366	54,808
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	89.8	92.4	86.6	89.5	92.8	84.8
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	71.3	73.5	68.4	73.2	76.8	68.0
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	10.2	7.6	13.4	10.5	7.2	15.2
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	1,068,405	517,455	550,945	857,270	424,245	433,025
Without total income	44,270	21,280	22,995	34,645	16,530	18,120
With total income	1,024,135	496,180	527,955	822,620	407,715	414,905
Percentage with total income	95.9	95.9	95.8	96.0	96.1	95.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	134,680	60,355	74,330	105,780	47,325	58,455
$10,000 to $19,999	160,620	65,870	94,755	118,380	46,195	72,180
$20,000 to $29,999	121,075	51,245	69,825	107,890	42,345	65,545
$30,000 to $39,999	103,340	45,915	57,425	95,605	41,315	54,295
$40,000 to $49,999	96,360	44,460	51,900	89,285	42,260	47,025
$50,000 to $59,999	83,580	40,625	42,955	70,395	36,950	33,450
$60,000 to $69,999	71,180	36,680	34,500	53,855	31,055	22,795
$70,000 to $79,999	55,860	30,370	25,490	41,930	25,290	16,645
$80,000 to $89,999	46,960	25,965	20,995	34,305	20,750	13,560
$90,000 to $99,999	40,795	22,020	18,775	26,165	16,100	10,060
$100,000 and over	109,680	72,670	37,005	79,030	58,125	20,905
$100,000 to $149,999	78,485	50,025	28,460	56,160	40,025	16,140
$150,000 and over	31,190	22,650	8,545	22,870	18,100	4,770
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	1,068,405	517,460	550,950	857,270	424,245	433,025
Without after-tax income	43,890	21,235	22,655	34,520	16,515	18,010
With after-tax income	1,024,515	496,225	528,290	822,745	407,730	415,015
Percentage with after-tax income	95.9	95.9	95.9	96.0	96.1	95.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	140,715	61,590	79,125	108,310	48,150	60,160
$10,000 to $19,999	167,310	69,085	98,225	123,690	48,420	75,275
$20,000 to $29,999	140,305	60,365	79,940	125,285	50,160	75,125
$30,000 to $39,999	126,395	57,435	68,960	119,460	54,365	65,100
$40,000 to $49,999	114,985	54,740	60,245	103,250	52,900	50,350
$50,000 to $59,999	94,245	48,400	45,845	73,855	42,315	31,540
$60,000 to $69,999	71,435	39,420	32,015	53,925	32,645	21,280
$70,000 to $79,999	57,830	31,845	25,985	38,615	23,385	15,235
$80,000 and over	111,300	73,345	37,950	76,345	55,395	20,950
$80,000 to $89,999	39,825	23,780	16,050	24,935	16,370	8,560
$90,000 to $99,999	22,995	15,105	7,885	16,260	11,815	4,445
$100,000 and over	48,475	34,465	14,010	35,155	27,210	7,945
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	1,068,405	517,455	550,950	857,270	424,245	433,025
Without employment income	312,970	133,935	179,035	220,320	92,270	128,055
With employment income	755,430	383,520	371,910	636,950	331,980	304,970
Percentage with employment income	70.7	74.1	67.5	74.3	78.3	70.4
Under $5,000 (including loss)	98,645	48,695	49,950	82,210	38,805	43,410
$5,000 to $9,999	57,170	25,615	31,560	46,620	20,310	26,310
$10,000 to $19,999	92,395	41,745	50,655	77,480	33,900	43,575
$20,000 to $29,999	73,645	34,000	39,645	68,175	29,285	38,885
$30,000 to $39,999	67,775	32,060	35,715	66,120	29,825	36,295
$40,000 to $49,999	64,035	30,445	33,590	61,800	29,930	31,870
$50,000 to $59,999	58,025	28,210	29,820	51,075	27,565	23,510
$60,000 to $69,999	49,640	25,515	24,130	39,805	23,605	16,195
$70,000 to $79,999	39,445	21,460	17,985	32,265	20,015	12,255
$80,000 and over	154,650	95,785	58,860	111,405	78,745	32,665
$80,000 to $89,999	37,405	20,250	17,150	28,240	17,220	11,020
$90,000 to $99,999	33,595	18,115	15,485	21,415	13,645	7,770
$100,000 and over	83,650	57,420	26,230	61,750	47,885	13,870
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	528,305	...	...	432,625	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	80,301	...	...	75,412	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	69,423	...	...	65,784	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	146,030	...	...	121,175	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	42,318	...	...	38,188	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	37,295	...	...	34,099	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	382,270	...	...	311,450	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	99,098	...	...	94,530	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	85,240	...	...	81,696	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	528,305	...	...	432,620	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	99,137	...	...	93,942	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	81,536	...	...	77,837	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	146,050	...	...	121,040	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	52,335	...	...	48,880	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	43,038	...	...	40,555	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	382,250	...	...	311,580	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	117,020	...	...	111,447	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	96,246	...	...	92,320	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	528,305	...	...	432,625	...	...
Under $5,000	7,725	...	...	6,930	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	6,650	...	...	4,575	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	13,535	...	...	7,675	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	17,925	...	...	18,025	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	17,370	...	...	18,845	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	17,225	...	...	14,875	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	18,305	...	...	17,700	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	18,665	...	...	17,410	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	18,980	...	...	17,345	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	18,710	...	...	16,525	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	37,200	...	...	31,595	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	36,680	...	...	29,700	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	34,135	...	...	27,605	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	32,565	...	...	25,810	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	30,320	...	...	23,280	...	...
$100,000 and over	202,320	...	...	154,720	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	60,890	...	...	48,375	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	43,895	...	...	35,320	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	53,260	...	...	40,875	...	...
$200,000 and over	44,275	...	...	30,160	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	528,300	...	...	432,625	...	...
Under $5,000	8,230	...	...	7,355	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	6,775	...	...	4,680	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	13,735	...	...	7,860	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	18,655	...	...	18,625	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	19,420	...	...	20,275	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	19,415	...	...	17,325	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	21,545	...	...	20,700	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	22,745	...	...	20,990	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	23,405	...	...	20,395	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	23,335	...	...	19,790	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	46,250	...	...	37,680	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	43,115	...	...	35,255	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	40,780	...	...	32,575	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	36,705	...	...	28,995	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	31,330	...	...	25,545	...	...
$100,000 and over	152,875	...	...	114,570	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	59,070	...	...	47,890	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	38,795	...	...	29,680	...	...
$150,000 and over	55,005	...	...	36,995	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	364,840	...	...	299,345	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	100,314	...	...	93,747	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	86,047	...	...	81,065	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	144,295	...	...	122,845	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	92,074	...	...	87,865	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	79,193	...	...	75,765	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	156,455	...	...	124,285	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	128,890	...	...	119,530	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	108,934	...	...	101,656	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	4.0	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	53,925	...	...	44,110	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	57,994	...	...	50,749	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	53,035	...	...	47,776	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	364,860	...	...	299,455	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	118,406	...	...	111,031	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	97,149	...	...	91,825	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	144,365	...	...	123,045	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	109,150	...	...	104,889	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	89,098	...	...	86,074	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	156,355	...	...	124,275	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	145,594	...	...	135,718	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	118,531	...	...	111,601	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	53,865	...	...	44,125	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	68,415	...	...	62,208	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	59,337	...	...	54,678	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	197,805	93,510	104,295	161,805	82,400	79,405
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	35,958	35,546	36,290	35,875	40,000	32,247
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	32,419	31,894	32,836	32,415	35,306	29,777
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	197,190	92,925	104,265	161,560	82,510	79,050
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	46,520	47,036	46,061	45,756	49,739	41,598
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	38,697	38,751	38,649	38,229	40,766	35,581
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	1,280,925	625,630	655,295	1,070,555	533,385	537,175
In the bottom half of the distribution	533,790	254,825	278,960	506,055	243,040	263,010
In the bottom decile	118,940	58,140	60,800	111,770	55,530	56,245
In the second decile	107,085	49,195	57,890	104,900	46,610	58,285
In the third decile	98,505	46,820	51,680	94,035	44,535	49,500
In the fourth decile	100,120	48,015	52,110	96,045	47,015	49,030
In the fifth decile	109,140	52,650	56,490	99,300	49,350	49,950
In the top half of the distribution	747,130	370,805	376,330	564,505	290,345	274,160
In the sixth decile	119,780	58,225	61,560	104,200	52,705	51,495
In the seventh decile	132,115	64,815	67,305	109,400	55,670	53,725
In the eighth decile	149,505	74,150	75,355	115,215	59,255	55,965
In the ninth decile	174,810	87,145	87,665	121,965	62,875	59,085
In the top decile	170,925	86,470	84,450	113,730	59,840	53,885
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	1,279,500	624,970	654,530	1,014,605	505,225	509,380
0 to 17 years	256,865	130,880	125,985	230,205	117,925	112,275
0 to 5 years	80,745	41,140	39,605	79,345	40,700	38,645
18 to 64 years	817,780	398,835	418,945	631,280	316,125	315,155
65 years and over	204,855	95,255	109,600	153,120	71,180	81,950
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	165,325	77,805	87,515	130,220	60,375	69,845
0 to 17 years	42,300	21,870	20,430	41,010	20,960	20,050
0 to 5 years	14,410	7,530	6,885	15,420	7,850	7,575
18 to 64 years	101,295	47,460	53,830	67,080	31,315	35,765
65 years and over	21,735	8,480	13,255	22,130	8,100	14,025
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	12.9	12.4	13.4	12.8	12.0	13.7
0 to 17 years (%)	16.5	16.7	16.2	17.8	17.8	17.9
0 to 5 years (%)	17.8	18.3	17.4	19.4	19.3	19.6
18 to 64 years (%)	12.4	11.9	12.8	10.6	9.9	11.3
65 years and over (%)	10.6	8.9	12.1	14.5	11.4	17.1
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	116,760	57,030	59,735	59,440	29,890	29,545
0 to 17 years	26,470	13,630	12,835	17,870	9,140	8,735
0 to 5 years	9,130	4,770	4,360	7,005	3,540	3,465
18 to 64 years	81,100	39,865	41,235	38,775	19,470	19,305
65 years and over	9,195	3,530	5,665	2,795	1,280	1,510
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	9.1	9.1	9.1	5.9	5.9	5.8
0 to 17 years (%)	10.3	10.4	10.2	7.8	7.8	7.8
0 to 5 years (%)	11.3	11.6	11.0	8.8	8.7	9.0
18 to 64 years (%)	9.9	10.0	9.8	6.1	6.2	6.1
65 years and over (%)	4.5	3.7	5.2	1.8	1.8	1.8
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	1,280,925	625,630	655,295	1,070,560	533,385	537,175
Official languages	1,266,705	620,015	646,685	1,062,885	529,920	532,965
English	1,243,200	610,095	633,100	1,062,275	529,630	532,645
French	492,145	226,905	265,230	51,325	23,600	27,725
Non-official languages	297,100	139,165	157,940	187,450	91,805	95,645
Aboriginal languages	2,055	825	1,230	38,110	18,390	19,720
Algonquian languages	575	235	340	28,270	13,675	14,590
Blackfoot	0	0	0	10	10	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	220	85	135	27,065	13,115	13,950
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	20	10	10	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	30	10	10	40	30	15
Plains Cree	10	0	10	3,665	1,770	1,900
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	55	20	35	470	185	285
Woods Cree	20	10	15	1,260	570	695
Cree, n.o.s.	90	35	55	21,870	10,695	11,175
Eastern Algonquian languages	50	30	20	0	0	0
Malecite	10	10	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	40	25	20	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	305	115	185	1,310	620	695
Algonquin	70	35	35	0	0	0
Ojibway	215	80	135	1,300	610	690
Oji-Cree	15	10	10	10	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	10	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	20	0	20	9,120	4,350	4,770
Northern Athabaskan languages	20	0	15	9,105	4,345	4,760
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	10	0	10	0	0	0
Dene	15	0	10	9,105	4,350	4,755
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	10	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Haida	0	0	0	10	0	10
Inuit languages	635	240	395	10	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	10	0	10	0	0	0
Inuktitut	580	225	355	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	50	15	35	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	825	345	475	10	10	10
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	810	345	470	10	0	10
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	505	240	260
Salish languages	0	0	10	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	510	255	250
Dakota	0	0	0	415	205	210
Stoney	0	0	0	10	10	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	90	50	45
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	10	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	10	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	10	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	10	30	15	20
Non-Aboriginal languages	295,135	138,385	156,750	149,475	73,470	76,000
Afro-Asiatic languages	62,485	31,325	31,165	8,595	4,585	4,015
Berber languages	540	285	255	40	35	0
Kabyle	420	220	195	10	10	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	120	60	60	30	25	0
Cushitic languages	9,300	4,165	5,140	1,305	620	690
Bilen	90	55	35	85	40	45
Oromo	380	170	205	160	70	90
Somali	8,770	3,900	4,875	1,090	520	570
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	135	55	85	0	0	0
Semitic languages	53,645	27,350	26,295	7,500	4,075	3,425
Amharic	1,995	940	1,055	545	255	290
Arabic	48,950	25,110	23,840	5,605	3,165	2,435
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	80	35	50	505	240	265
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	195	95	100
Harari	40	25	15	0	0	0
Hebrew	1,960	1,030	930	470	245	230
Maltese	80	30	50	0	0	0
Tigrigna	1,185	495	700	705	350	355
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	240	150	85	245	120	125
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	135	65	70	70	35	30
Austro-Asiatic languages	8,860	4,175	4,685	3,315	1,685	1,635
Khmer (Cambodian)	1,540	695	840	210	105	105
Vietnamese	7,365	3,505	3,865	3,105	1,580	1,525
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	10,720	3,925	6,795	29,705	14,065	15,640
Bikol	40	10	25	90	30	55
Cebuano	590	210	380	2,115	945	1,170
Fijian	10	0	10	20	10	10
Hiligaynon	170	55	115	285	130	150
Ilocano	745	305	440	785	365	415
Malagasy	105	55	50	10	0	0
Malay	645	285	365	215	95	115
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	65	20	45	265	130	135
Pangasinan	65	30	35	45	25	20
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	9,605	3,440	6,165	28,655	13,575	15,080
Waray-Waray	40	10	30	35	25	10
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	110	50	60	300	145	155
Creole languages	9,615	4,050	5,565	495	230	270
Haitian Creole	475	180	295	10	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	8,535	3,595	4,940	240	95	145
Creole languages, n.i.e.	650	285	365	250	125	120
Dravidian languages	5,580	2,835	2,745	2,190	1,205	980
Kannada	480	235	240	115	65	55
Malayalam	850	390	460	1,170	625	540
Tamil	3,825	1,965	1,860	635	345	290
Telugu	795	420	370	435	270	165
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	30	20	10	15	0	15
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	145,855	68,520	77,330	81,985	40,685	41,300
Albanian	795	385	405	560	275	285
Armenian	695	365	330	115	65	45
Balto-Slavic languages	26,310	12,060	14,250	20,395	9,470	10,925
Baltic languages	625	270	355	225	120	110
Latvian	325	130	200	135	60	70
Lithuanian	305	145	155	95	60	35
Slavic languages	25,785	11,820	13,960	20,265	9,400	10,860
Belarusan	125	60	65	20	0	15
Bosnian	1,025	475	555	325	155	165
Bulgarian	1,065	490	575	75	40	35
Croatian	1,940	965	975	605	355	250
Czech	1,515	660	850	300	155	150
Macedonian	105	40	65	65	35	35
Polish	7,165	3,285	3,880	2,185	1,040	1,145
Russian	9,590	4,410	5,185	5,275	2,585	2,690
Serbian	2,165	1,055	1,110	790	410	385
Serbo-Croatian	570	295	275	80	30	50
Slovak	980	420	570	125	85	40
Slovene (Slovenian)	295	130	160	105	50	50
Ukrainian	2,510	1,065	1,445	13,090	5,770	7,325
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	60	20	40	345	205	140
Celtic languages	465	210	255	165	105	65
Scottish Gaelic	185	85	100	55	35	25
Welsh	110	35	65	50	30	20
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	180	90	90	70	45	20
Germanic languages	22,825	10,810	12,020	21,275	10,435	10,840
Afrikaans	485	245	235	1,455	750	705
Danish	530	240	285	320	195	125
Dutch	4,855	2,240	2,610	1,510	720	790
Frisian	165	75	90	25	15	15
German	15,940	7,615	8,330	17,390	8,525	8,870
Icelandic	55	25	30	70	40	30
Norwegian	395	155	240	415	180	235
Swedish	710	340	365	230	95	130
Vlaams (Flemish)	125	70	60	80	25	50
Yiddish	410	210	200	75	35	30
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	30	20	15	265	135	125
Greek	3,650	1,875	1,770	1,470	725	745
Indo-Iranian languages	37,370	18,925	18,445	27,395	14,650	12,740
Indo-Aryan languages	27,590	14,010	13,585	25,355	13,530	11,825
Bengali	4,490	2,310	2,185	3,520	1,895	1,620
Gujarati	2,480	1,325	1,155	3,320	1,760	1,555
Hindi	10,660	5,500	5,160	8,040	4,480	3,560
Kashmiri	10	10	0	40	25	20
Konkani	145	80	65	40	30	15
Marathi	580	320	265	185	120	70
Nepali	1,280	645	635	835	435	400
Oriya (Odia)	75	40	30	25	15	10
Punjabi (Panjabi)	6,690	3,465	3,225	8,300	4,635	3,665
Sindhi	520	230	290	180	105	75
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	1,105	500	600	355	205	150
Urdu	8,140	4,075	4,065	9,455	4,815	4,635
Iranian languages	10,330	5,220	5,110	2,285	1,240	1,040
Kurdish	755	400	355	145	90	60
Pashto	1,465	795	675	555	315	240
Persian (Farsi)	8,890	4,455	4,435	1,630	870	760
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	200	120	85	275	135	140
Italic (Romance) languages	59,585	26,685	32,905	12,660	6,085	6,570
Catalan	80	40	45	0	10	0
Italian	16,735	7,985	8,745	1,360	670	690
Portuguese	6,525	3,200	3,325	885	380	505
Romanian	2,985	1,405	1,580	1,105	525	575
Spanish	36,760	15,725	21,030	9,605	4,635	4,965
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	140	75	65	40	30	10
Japanese	2,705	1,290	1,410	1,205	540	665
Kartvelian languages	45	20	25	15	0	15
Georgian	45	15	30	15	0	10
Korean	2,705	1,160	1,545	1,930	850	1,080
Mongolic languages	40	25	20	55	20	30
Mongolian	40	20	20	60	25	30
Niger-Congo languages	10,840	4,810	6,035	4,125	2,245	1,885
Akan (Twi)	630	330	300	355	185	170
Bamanankan	160	75	85	0	0	10
Edo	95	40	60	20	0	20
Ewe	205	85	125	100	45	55
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	165	65	95	60	45	15
Ga	170	90	85	45	25	15
Ganda	220	75	145	20	10	10
Igbo	320	170	145	625	325	300
Lingala	1,775	740	1,030	140	70	65
Rundi (Kirundi)	1,600	655	945	280	150	130
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	975	360	615	125	65	55
Shona	175	60	115	150	90	55
Swahili	3,120	1,370	1,750	950	570	380
Wolof	210	115	95	40	25	15
Yoruba	770	405	365	965	470	495
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	2,380	1,095	1,285	815	480	335
Nilo-Saharan languages	320	140	185	300	150	145
Dinka	190	85	105	100	65	40
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	135	55	80	195	90	105
Sign languages	2,270	850	1,420	1,565	585	985
American Sign Language	1,115	370	745	650	215	435
Quebec Sign Language	190	55	140	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	1,025	445	580	915	365	545
Sino-Tibetan languages	37,235	17,600	19,630	14,580	7,115	7,470
Chinese languages	36,350	17,180	19,170	13,630	6,625	7,005
Cantonese	12,955	6,160	6,790	4,675	2,245	2,435
Hakka	270	125	140	30	10	20
Mandarin	24,965	11,505	13,450	8,995	4,335	4,660
Min Dong	40	15	25	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	1,065	475	585	260	125	135
Wu (Shanghainese)	420	205	220	45	20	30
Chinese, n.o.s.	1,155	625	530	1,245	620	630
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	10	0	10
Tibeto-Burman languages	920	440	480	960	495	460
Burmese	305	145	160	315	185	130
Karenic languages	370	180	185	635	310	325
Tibetan	50	30	25	30	15	10
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	360	155	210	70	25	40
Tai-Kadai languages	1,090	435	655	635	245	385
Lao	480	210	270	410	170	240
Thai	690	255	435	275	105	170
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	2,565	1,270	1,290	640	365	285
Azerbaijani	140	80	60	25	20	10
Turkish	2,205	1,105	1,100	530	310	220
Uyghur	40	25	10	0	0	0
Uzbek	75	20	60	60	25	35
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	150	70	85	25	10	15
Uralic languages	3,010	1,480	1,530	1,765	850	915
Estonian	260	125	135	20	15	10
Finnish	550	250	305	360	170	190
Hungarian	2,210	1,110	1,100	1,385	670	715
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	405	245	155	340	210	135
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	1,280,920	625,630	655,290	1,070,555	533,385	537,175
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	1,213,385	593,580	619,810	998,035	496,635	501,395
Canadian citizens aged under 18	247,125	125,995	121,135	237,720	121,535	116,185
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	966,260	467,590	498,675	760,310	375,105	385,210
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	67,535	32,050	35,485	72,525	36,750	35,780
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	1,280,925	625,630	655,295	1,070,560	533,385	537,170
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	1,026,140	505,660	520,480	945,810	470,790	475,025
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	238,975	111,800	127,175	112,490	55,800	56,690
Before 1981	66,695	31,970	34,730	16,650	8,190	8,465
1981 to 1990	32,395	15,440	16,950	5,545	2,670	2,875
1991 to 2000	52,150	23,635	28,510	9,315	4,645	4,665
2001 to 2010	56,430	25,885	30,545	33,045	16,410	16,635
2001 to 2005	26,690	12,195	14,490	8,670	4,165	4,505
2006 to 2010	29,740	13,690	16,050	24,370	12,245	12,130
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	31,305	14,865	16,440	47,935	23,880	24,055
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	15,805	8,170	7,635	12,255	6,800	5,455
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	238,975	111,805	127,175	112,495	55,795	56,695
Under 5 years	27,285	13,505	13,780	12,060	6,100	5,965
5 to 14 years	43,365	22,030	21,335	21,295	11,015	10,280
15 to 24 years	50,890	22,690	28,205	19,295	8,990	10,305
25 to 44 years	97,845	44,900	52,945	50,945	25,060	25,890
45 years and over	19,585	8,680	10,915	8,895	4,635	4,260
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	238,980	111,800	127,175	112,490	55,800	56,690
Americas	36,870	15,975	20,900	10,765	5,010	5,760
Brazil	1,015	455	560	185	65	120
Colombia	1,295	500	800	555	275	280
El Salvador	1,780	820	960	630	290	340
Guyana	1,520	710	810	155	75	85
Haiti	6,490	2,700	3,795	65	45	20
Jamaica	3,200	1,395	1,810	815	425	395
Mexico	1,405	575	830	1,330	665	665
Peru	845	380	465	165	60	100
Trinidad and Tobago	1,390	560	830	210	105	110
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	10,970	4,780	6,190	4,845	2,045	2,800
Other places of birth in Americas	6,955	3,105	3,850	1,805	955	845
Europe	68,875	33,035	35,845	23,640	11,900	11,740
Bosnia and Herzegovina	1,625	790	835	455	215	245
Croatia	870	425	445	445	280	165
France	2,620	1,185	1,440	215	90	125
Germany	5,450	2,465	2,990	2,575	1,280	1,295
Greece	1,175	625	555	605	325	280
Hungary	1,015	530	485	395	215	180
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	990	440	550	845	490	355
Italy	5,850	3,065	2,785	570	305	265
Netherlands	3,750	1,850	1,905	1,220	585	635
Poland	4,520	2,035	2,485	1,395	690	705
Portugal	2,130	1,080	1,045	220	105	120
Romania	2,530	1,205	1,330	695	335	360
Russian Federation	2,985	1,285	1,695	805	345	460
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	935	445	490	585	305	280
Ukraine	1,835	865	970	3,280	1,630	1,650
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	21,695	10,710	10,985	7,020	3,520	3,505
Other places of birth in Europe	8,895	4,040	4,855	2,320	1,195	1,125
Africa	31,240	14,385	16,850	10,285	5,360	4,925
Algeria	1,075	515	565	50	35	15
Egypt	3,535	1,850	1,680	435	230	205
Ethiopia	2,235	1,025	1,210	635	285	355
Kenya	1,105	565	535	425	225	200
Morocco	1,275	585	690	180	95	80
Nigeria	1,305	590	710	1,695	845	855
Somalia	3,895	1,495	2,405	635	335	300
South Africa, Republic of	975	525	450	1,775	920	855
Other places of birth in Africa	15,845	7,240	8,605	4,455	2,390	2,065
Asia	100,970	47,855	53,120	67,120	33,175	33,945
Afghanistan	2,435	1,235	1,200	515	230	285
Bangladesh	2,780	1,440	1,340	2,575	1,365	1,210
China^{Census data footnote 59}	17,905	7,735	10,165	7,485	3,445	4,035
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	3,095	1,565	1,530	765	370	400
India	11,020	5,530	5,495	9,630	5,190	4,435
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	4,485	2,245	2,240	785	465	325
Iraq	3,585	1,915	1,665	1,175	625	550
Japan	770	205	565	265	65	200
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	1,795	795	1,005	1,120	475	645
Lebanon	11,230	5,875	5,360	255	160	90
Pakistan	4,360	2,155	2,200	6,860	3,575	3,280
Philippines	9,380	3,470	5,915	26,860	12,655	14,210
Sri Lanka	2,640	1,265	1,380	440	235	205
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	3,215	1,645	1,575	1,155	610	550
Taiwan	870	370	495	180	80	100
Viet Nam	5,725	2,615	3,115	2,615	1,340	1,280
Other places of birth in Asia	15,670	7,800	7,870	4,425	2,290	2,140
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	1,015	555	460	675	350	325
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	31,305	14,870	16,440	47,935	23,880	24,055
Americas	4,390	2,010	2,375	2,320	1,090	1,230
Brazil	145	80	60	45	10	35
Colombia	190	80	110	115	55	65
Cuba	135	80	60	35	20	15
Haiti	1,325	560	760	10	10	0
Jamaica	115	70	50	405	230	180
Mexico	275	110	160	435	215	225
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	1,365	695	675	745	330	420
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	125	35	90	35	10	30
Other places of birth in Americas	710	300	410	490	220	270
Europe	2,795	1,375	1,420	4,855	2,405	2,455
France	325	175	145	50	15	45
Germany	185	90	95	190	105	80
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	70	45	25	525	315	205
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	40	15	20	100	50	50
Romania	120	60	60	95	35	60
Russian Federation	365	145	215	220	85	135
Ukraine	220	105	115	1,320	550	770
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	720	380	335	855	495	355
Other places of birth in Europe	755	350	405	1,505	755	750
Africa	6,265	2,815	3,450	4,405	2,315	2,085
Algeria	140	50	85	0	0	0
Cameroon	345	165	175	70	35	30
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	720	270	455	245	145	100
Côte d'Ivoire	170	55	115	15	15	0
Egypt	785	425	360	160	75	85
Eritrea	250	115	135	305	145	160
Ethiopia	335	115	215	190	110	85
Morocco	170	75	95	90	40	45
Nigeria	385	165	215	1,035	525	520
Somalia	355	155	205	300	170	125
South Africa, Republic of	115	55	65	550	285	265
Tunisia	100	40	60	85	45	40
Other places of birth in Africa	2,395	1,130	1,265	1,360	725	635
Asia	17,690	8,580	9,110	36,205	17,980	18,225
Afghanistan	535	270	260	125	45	85
Bangladesh	535	265	270	1,495	780	720
China^{Census data footnote 59}	2,650	1,115	1,535	3,345	1,595	1,750
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	85	45	35	75	35	40
India	2,025	1,110	920	6,150	3,315	2,840
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	795	380	420	330	180	150
Iraq	1,080	565	515	405	200	205
Israel	190	105	80	95	55	35
Japan	115	30	85	40	10	35
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	230	85	145	475	195	280
Lebanon	910	485	430	80	50	30
Nepal	290	165	125	235	145	90
Pakistan	660	360	300	3,460	1,780	1,680
Philippines	2,760	1,120	1,640	16,615	7,905	8,715
Saudi Arabia	365	205	155	125	90	30
Sri Lanka	240	105	135	145	85	60
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	1,895	1,020	875	1,105	585	520
Taiwan	45	30	20	60	30	30
Turkey	185	95	90	80	45	35
United Arab Emirates	340	210	130	85	55	30
Viet Nam	200	80	115	855	415	445
Other places of birth in Asia	1,570	745	825	815	395	420
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	170	90	70	150	90	60
Australia	145	90	60	85	55	30
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	20	0	15	65	30	30
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	1,280,920	625,630	655,290	1,070,560	533,385	537,175
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	265,840	125,760	140,080	127,720	64,125	63,595
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	229,190	114,790	114,405	129,250	62,550	66,705
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	785,890	385,080	400,805	813,580	406,710	406,870
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	175,665	81,505	94,155	96,750	48,140	48,610
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	80,850	40,235	40,610	66,930	34,420	32,510
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	33,605	20,670	12,935	26,475	17,690	8,790
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	47,245	19,565	27,680	40,455	16,735	23,725
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	51,860	20,490	31,370	16,835	6,740	10,095
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	40,840	19,920	20,920	12,625	6,810	5,820
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	2,120	860	1,255	350	170	185
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	1,280,920	625,630	655,295	1,070,555	533,385	537,175
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	36,625	17,215	19,405	175,020	84,730	90,290
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	34,910	16,470	18,440	172,810	83,750	89,055
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	19,195	9,020	10,175	114,570	55,275	59,290
Métis	14,315	6,830	7,490	57,880	28,325	29,550
Inuk (Inuit)	1,400	625	775	360	145	215
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	795	325	470	1,305	605	705
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	920	420	500	905	375	530
Non-Aboriginal identity	1,244,295	608,415	635,885	895,535	448,655	446,885
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	1,280,920	625,630	655,295	1,070,555	533,385	537,170
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	10,625	4,930	5,700	110,370	52,930	57,440
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	1,270,295	620,705	649,590	960,190	480,455	479,735
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	1,280,925	625,630	655,295	1,070,555	533,385	537,175
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	8,045	3,670	4,375	98,315	47,665	50,650
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	7,900	3,605	4,295	94,565	45,900	48,665
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	5,825	2,720	3,105	84,015	40,960	43,055
Métis single ancestry	1,440	590	855	10,465	4,905	5,560
Inuit single ancestry	635	300	335	85	40	50
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	145	65	80	3,750	1,765	1,985
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	115	50	70	3,640	1,705	1,935
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	20	0	15	70	30	40
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	20	15	10
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	10	0	0	15	15	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	58,745	27,465	31,280	79,035	38,120	40,915
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	57,270	26,870	30,395	72,560	35,130	37,430
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	40,160	18,720	21,445	36,680	17,715	18,960
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	16,030	7,680	8,345	35,545	17,265	18,285
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	1,075	470	605	335	150	180
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	1,475	595	885	6,480	2,990	3,485
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	1,370	555	810	6,355	2,930	3,420
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	60	25	35	80	40	45
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	50	15	30	15	0	10
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	30	15	15
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	1,214,130	594,495	619,635	893,205	447,595	445,610
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	1,280,925	625,630	655,290	1,070,560	533,385	537,170
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	251,225	120,970	130,255	115,875	58,810	57,065
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	41,545	21,150	20,395	29,960	16,065	13,895
Chinese	42,110	20,005	22,110	15,545	7,545	7,995
Black	62,690	29,340	33,350	14,925	7,845	7,085
Filipino	12,820	5,055	7,765	32,340	15,540	16,795
Latin American	11,730	5,280	6,445	4,195	2,095	2,095
Arab	41,605	21,715	19,895	4,300	2,385	1,915
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	12,745	6,015	6,735	5,745	2,940	2,800
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	9,275	4,725	4,550	2,065	1,100	965
Korean	3,125	1,435	1,690	1,875	795	1,085
Japanese	2,595	1,105	1,490	955	420	530
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	2,780	1,255	1,525	1,150	605	545
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	8,215	3,910	4,305	2,820	1,460	1,355
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	1,029,700	504,660	525,040	954,685	474,575	480,110
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	1,280,920	625,630	655,290	1,070,560	533,385	537,170
North American Aboriginal origins	66,790	31,135	35,660	177,355	85,790	91,565
First Nations (North American Indian)	47,560	22,075	25,480	130,880	63,405	67,475
Inuit	1,850	825	1,025	650	305	345
Métis	19,015	8,895	10,120	56,090	26,860	29,235
Other North American origins	452,815	221,755	231,055	230,620	115,250	115,370
Acadian	4,610	2,250	2,360	485	270	215
American	15,885	7,640	8,240	13,455	6,410	7,045
Canadian	438,800	214,805	223,995	220,960	110,550	110,410
New Brunswicker	50	30	20	10	10	0
Newfoundlander	885	535	350	130	65	60
Nova Scotian	140	80	60	25	10	20
Ontarian	520	240	285	20	20	10
Québécois	1,185	615	565	240	100	140
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	60	45	15	85	35	55
European origins	838,825	409,795	429,040	759,080	375,755	383,325
British Isles origins	570,025	278,510	291,520	427,735	210,345	217,390
Channel Islander	140	35	105	10	0	0
Cornish	105	60	45	35	15	20
English	283,610	139,040	144,575	253,205	123,490	129,715
Irish	287,915	136,545	151,370	155,725	74,480	81,245
Manx	245	140	105	250	120	130
Scottish	253,600	124,050	129,550	193,330	94,500	98,825
Welsh	22,705	10,885	11,820	17,790	8,510	9,280
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	42,875	20,075	22,805	16,095	7,900	8,190
French origins	274,805	131,260	143,550	125,810	60,920	64,890
Alsatian	85	40	45	10	10	10
Breton	160	90	70	25	10	15
Corsican	55	40	15	15	0	15
French	274,665	131,170	143,495	125,775	60,910	64,870
Western European origins (except French origins)	164,140	80,255	83,885	336,715	166,380	170,340
Austrian	6,915	3,375	3,545	17,565	8,670	8,895
Bavarian	75	25	50	50	45	0
Belgian	5,740	2,765	2,980	9,660	4,745	4,915
Dutch	47,420	23,760	23,660	36,230	17,500	18,730
Flemish	540	280	260	805	415	395
Frisian	260	145	120	70	35	35
German	110,025	53,225	56,800	296,385	146,600	149,780
Luxembourger	175	100	75	500	275	225
Swiss	6,220	3,060	3,160	4,710	2,370	2,340
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	160	80	85	35	25	15
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	29,325	14,665	14,655	115,995	56,380	59,615
Danish	6,790	3,500	3,290	11,530	5,605	5,935
Finnish	4,820	2,430	2,390	5,400	2,585	2,815
Icelandic	1,740	825	915	8,255	4,055	4,205
Norwegian	7,890	3,930	3,955	68,640	33,310	35,335
Swedish	8,465	4,035	4,430	32,815	15,630	17,185
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	1,860	1,050	805	3,530	1,735	1,790
Eastern European origins	102,390	49,340	53,050	243,055	119,620	123,435
Bulgarian	1,530	715	815	355	190	160
Byelorussian	870	420	445	290	150	140
Czech	4,285	2,000	2,285	4,960	2,545	2,415
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	905	395	510	2,765	1,270	1,495
Estonian	1,090	495	600	265	150	115
Hungarian	10,490	5,080	5,410	27,885	13,730	14,155
Latvian	1,290	540	745	535	265	265
Lithuanian	2,795	1,395	1,395	1,045	550	500
Moldovan	395	165	230	345	145	200
Polish	39,265	18,805	20,460	59,950	28,680	31,275
Romanian	6,855	3,335	3,525	12,730	6,215	6,515
Russian	17,075	7,905	9,170	39,395	19,620	19,775
Slovak	3,025	1,435	1,595	1,390	750	645
Ukrainian	29,875	14,590	15,285	143,700	70,670	73,025
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	1,110	585	525	255	115	135
Southern European origins	94,885	46,295	48,590	27,415	13,420	13,995
Albanian	1,105	545	560	605	310	290
Bosnian	1,275	605	670	515	260	260
Catalan	25	10	15	15	10	10
Croatian	3,840	1,845	1,995	2,570	1,295	1,275
Cypriot	180	75	110	45	35	10
Greek	8,425	4,275	4,150	2,880	1,475	1,400
Italian	54,455	27,045	27,405	11,310	5,585	5,725
Kosovar	60	30	30	30	25	10
Macedonian	650	250	395	110	45	65
Maltese	820	425	395	125	65	60
Montenegrin	170	85	85	85	40	40
Portuguese	10,425	5,055	5,370	1,885	850	1,035
Serbian	2,805	1,390	1,410	1,300	670	630
Sicilian	290	145	145	100	75	25
Slovenian	1,375	685	690	640	275	365
Spanish	14,045	6,215	7,830	5,670	2,615	3,050
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	965	455	515	1,065	535	525
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	65	25	45	35	0	30
Other European origins	9,415	4,790	4,625	3,885	2,075	1,805
Basque	300	170	130	50	40	10
Jewish	6,330	3,260	3,075	1,725	905	815
Roma (Gypsy)	120	55	70	165	85	80
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	225	105	125	200	95	105
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	2,495	1,240	1,255	1,755	965	790
Caribbean origins	27,530	12,470	15,065	3,810	2,005	1,805
Antiguan	285	155	130	0	0	0
Bahamian	175	120	60	15	10	0
Barbadian	1,415	605	815	110	45	60
Bermudan	155	90	70	20	20	0
Carib	115	40	75	10	0	10
Cuban	1,175	540	635	185	125	55
Dominican	795	360	435	115	75	45
Grenadian	315	155	155	60	25	30
Guadeloupean	10	10	0	0	0	0
Haitian	10,240	4,570	5,670	110	75	40
Jamaican	8,435	3,875	4,560	2,250	1,200	1,050
Kittitian/Nevisian	55	20	35	0	0	0
Martinican	30	15	15	0	0	0
Montserratan	45	25	20	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	155	75	80	55	15	40
St. Lucian	810	310	495	45	15	25
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	2,245	1,040	1,205	415	215	200
Vincentian/Grenadinian	255	85	165	30	20	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	1,715	725	990	355	135	225
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	1,105	520	585	190	90	100
Latin, Central and South American origins	19,025	8,810	10,215	6,695	3,295	3,400
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	860	405	455	300	150	150
Arawak	60	25	35	0	0	0
Argentinian	700	380	315	160	60	95
Belizean	100	45	50	55	35	15
Bolivian	155	80	70	45	30	15
Brazilian	1,185	585	605	305	150	155
Chilean	1,150	590	560	860	450	415
Colombian	1,995	905	1,090	705	335	370
Costa Rican	195	85	115	50	15	35
Ecuadorian	290	150	140	105	70	30
Guatemalan	445	160	285	270	135	140
Guyanese	2,150	1,055	1,100	185	110	75
Hispanic	345	185	160	125	75	50
Honduran	295	90	200	95	45	50
Maya	335	165	170	140	75	65
Mexican	3,175	1,360	1,810	2,125	1,060	1,065
Nicaraguan	1,125	550	580	140	50	90
Panamanian	110	60	55	15	0	10
Paraguayan	35	15	15	40	30	10
Peruvian	1,320	625	695	295	120	175
Salvadorean	2,260	1,095	1,170	765	350	415
Uruguayan	95	45	60	65	20	40
Venezuelan	980	380	590	55	30	30
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	1,265	530	730	320	165	160
African origins	57,970	27,945	30,025	16,170	8,480	7,690
Central and West African origins	12,245	6,005	6,245	4,440	2,355	2,090
Akan	110	60	50	115	80	40
Angolan	200	90	110	10	0	10
Ashanti	15	15	0	10	10	0
Beninese	115	70	45	0	0	0
Burkinabe	285	120	160	20	15	10
Cameroonian	1,370	700	670	205	90	110
Chadian	150	75	75	0	0	0
Congolese	4,000	1,780	2,215	530	290	240
Edo	50	25	25	40	20	15
Ewe	15	10	0	10	0	0
Gabonese	115	65	55	0	0	0
Gambian	35	20	15	40	20	15
Ghanaian	1,385	760	630	555	320	235
Guinean	270	120	150	25	20	10
Ibo	120	55	65	485	275	215
Ivorian	525	220	305	75	35	45
Liberian	95	55	40	85	25	60
Malian	170	75	90	30	15	15
Malinké	75	40	35	0	0	0
Nigerian	2,085	1,070	1,015	1,715	875	835
Peulh	70	40	30	0	0	0
Senegalese	365	180	185	20	15	10
Sierra Leonean	100	50	55	40	25	10
Togolese	320	155	160	55	35	20
Wolof	35	20	15	0	10	0
Yoruba	345	210	135	520	270	255
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	900	460	440	235	115	125
North African origins	13,380	6,895	6,485	2,190	1,210	980
Algerian	1,375	685	690	70	50	15
Berber	905	480	415	55	45	15
Coptic	130	70	65	40	15	20
Dinka	50	20	30	35	20	15
Egyptian	6,085	3,220	2,875	535	290	245
Libyan	1,215	625	595	205	115	85
Maure	40	30	15	0	0	0
Moroccan	2,265	1,090	1,175	220	110	115
Sudanese	845	425	425	935	515	420
Tunisian	680	350	330	105	60	50
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	455	230	220	40	30	10
Southern and East African origins	23,510	10,995	12,520	6,320	3,210	3,110
Afrikaner	60	30	30	60	35	30
Amhara	80	50	35	20	10	10
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	375	170	200	45	30	10
Burundian	1,920	860	1,060	300	155	145
Djiboutian	730	300	430	10	10	10
Eritrean	1,375	625	750	1,130	540	590
Ethiopian	2,880	1,305	1,575	675	335	345
Harari	10	10	10	0	0	0
Kenyan	615	310	305	190	95	95
Malagasy	215	110	105	10	0	10
Mauritian	385	170	215	205	90	110
Oromo	285	145	135	140	65	75
Rwandan	1,315	530	780	80	20	60
Seychellois	35	10	25	10	10	0
Somali	10,385	4,910	5,475	1,275	635	635
South African	1,375	670	705	1,295	680	615
Tanzanian	310	130	180	55	35	20
Tigrian	180	85	95	45	30	15
Ugandan	405	195	205	90	40	50
Zambian	145	60	80	190	90	100
Zimbabwean	330	160	170	260	170	90
Zulu	50	35	15	35	30	10
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	1,335	670	670	535	300	240
Other African origins	10,175	4,760	5,410	3,605	1,940	1,665
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	1,270	520	750	345	190	160
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	9,095	4,335	4,765	3,290	1,770	1,525
Asian origins	188,020	92,115	95,910	99,125	49,845	49,280
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	66,450	34,240	32,215	9,415	5,015	4,400
Afghan	4,020	2,045	1,975	780	390	385
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	7,475	3,835	3,640	1,175	645	530
Armenian	1,545	800	740	240	130	115
Assyrian	130	60	75	215	120	95
Azerbaijani	215	85	130	50	25	25
Georgian	180	100	85	35	20	10
Hazara	50	25	25	25	10	20
Iranian	7,070	3,535	3,530	1,345	740	600
Iraqi	4,780	2,525	2,255	1,290	690	605
Israeli	735	390	345	120	75	50
Jordanian	1,485	805	685	75	40	30
Kazakh	155	80	80	30	15	15
Kurd	855	460	400	200	110	90
Kuwaiti	965	485	480	10	0	0
Kyrgyz	35	25	10	30	10	20
Lebanese	26,870	13,780	13,095	1,360	660	700
Palestinian	4,055	2,270	1,795	120	60	55
Pashtun	265	145	125	175	100	75
Saudi Arabian	575	275	300	110	80	30
Syrian	4,700	2,450	2,250	1,365	740	625
Tajik	100	55	50	10	10	0
Tatar	155	60	100	60	25	35
Turk	3,040	1,605	1,435	860	450	405
Turkmen	125	60	65	20	10	10
Uighur	50	30	20	0	0	0
Uzbek	160	75	90	70	15	50
Yemeni	1,000	510	490	45	20	20
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	2,115	1,080	1,035	265	130	130
South Asian origins	43,695	22,135	21,560	29,830	15,955	13,870
Bangladeshi	2,400	1,245	1,150	2,040	1,090	945
Bengali	1,110	560	550	600	350	250
Bhutanese	315	165	150	210	110	100
East Indian	29,395	14,930	14,460	18,695	10,090	8,600
Goan	135	70	65	45	25	15
Gujarati	200	115	85	195	105	95
Kashmiri	60	15	40	115	75	40
Nepali	900	445	455	565	320	245
Pakistani	5,085	2,540	2,550	6,255	3,220	3,035
Punjabi	1,170	610	560	1,425	790	635
Sinhalese	290	150	145	65	30	30
Sri Lankan	3,050	1,520	1,530	515	290	225
Tamil	995	490	510	120	65	55
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	2,300	1,150	1,150	1,075	545	530
East and Southeast Asian origins	79,695	36,600	43,090	60,010	28,955	31,060
Burmese	605	300	305	465	210	260
Cambodian (Khmer)	2,355	1,090	1,260	305	165	145
Chinese	47,930	22,555	25,370	19,075	9,300	9,780
Filipino	14,135	5,680	8,460	33,630	16,200	17,425
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	640	260	375	220	115	105
Japanese	3,370	1,430	1,940	1,220	530	690
Karen	285	150	130	585	290	290
Korean	3,340	1,560	1,780	2,025	870	1,155
Laotian	710	330	385	705	335	380
Malaysian	495	180	310	160	75	80
Mongolian	305	170	130	205	105	100
Singaporean	50	20	30	10	0	10
Taiwanese	755	345	405	265	115	155
Thai	715	235	475	420	170	250
Tibetan	90	45	50	50	35	25
Vietnamese	9,020	4,425	4,600	3,690	1,885	1,800
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	255	140	115	95	40	55
Other Asian origins	390	180	215	735	340	390
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	390	180	210	735	345	385
Oceania origins	2,335	1,150	1,190	1,430	760	665
Australian	1,645	770	875	890	505	385
New Zealander	490	280	205	265	140	125
Pacific Islands origins	240	105	135	310	140	170
Fijian	60	20	40	110	60	50
Hawaiian	15	0	10	25	10	10
Maori	20	15	0	45	0	35
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	85	25	60	25	15	10
Samoan	40	25	15	55	25	30
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	35	20	15	60	25	35
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	528,305	...	...	432,620	...	...
Owner	362,625	...	...	311,470	...	...
Renter	165,670	...	...	109,685	...	...
Band housing	10	...	...	11,470	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	528,300	...	...	432,620	...	...
Condominium	63,340	...	...	41,960	...	...
Not condominium	464,965	...	...	390,660	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	528,300	...	...	432,625	...	...
No bedrooms	2,800	...	...	1,290	...	...
1 bedroom	65,605	...	...	40,600	...	...
2 bedrooms	115,775	...	...	97,340	...	...
3 bedrooms	209,435	...	...	148,060	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	134,690	...	...	145,330	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	528,305	...	...	432,620	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	126,930	...	...	92,375	...	...
5 rooms	72,285	...	...	67,645	...	...
6 rooms	80,640	...	...	64,215	...	...
7 rooms	79,655	...	...	57,945	...	...
8 or more rooms	168,800	...	...	150,440	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.4	...	...	6.7	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	528,300	...	...	432,625	...	...
One person or fewer per room	521,700	...	...	422,915	...	...
More than 1 person per room	6,605	...	...	9,705	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	528,305	...	...	432,620	...	...
Suitable	507,180	...	...	412,220	...	...
Not suitable	21,120	...	...	20,410	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	528,300	...	...	432,620	...	...
1960 or before	114,465	...	...	101,805	...	...
1961 to 1980	153,640	...	...	150,440	...	...
1981 to 1990	84,905	...	...	62,270	...	...
1991 to 2000	63,105	...	...	33,495	...	...
2001 to 2005	37,430	...	...	17,905	...	...
2006 to 2010	38,900	...	...	28,610	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	35,855	...	...	38,095	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	528,305	...	...	432,625	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	496,560	...	...	395,105	...	...
Major repairs needed	31,745	...	...	37,520	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	528,305	...	...	432,620	...	...
1 household maintainer	298,475	...	...	261,245	...	...
2 household maintainers	218,255	...	...	162,550	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	11,570	...	...	8,825	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	528,305	...	...	432,625	...	...
15 to 24 years	18,565	...	...	18,235	...	...
25 to 34 years	72,470	...	...	72,225	...	...
35 to 44 years	87,105	...	...	73,675	...	...
45 to 54 years	112,490	...	...	77,920	...	...
55 to 64 years	107,015	...	...	84,110	...	...
65 to 74 years	76,900	...	...	56,280	...	...
75 to 84 years	39,815	...	...	34,845	...	...
85 years and over	13,935	...	...	15,340	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	523,375	...	...	396,790	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	400,025	...	...	316,505	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	123,355	...	...	80,295	...	...
30% to less than 100%	106,875	...	...	70,690	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	358,420	...	...	289,805	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	60.3	...	...	57.9	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	14.4	...	...	12.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,288	...	...	1,001	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,402	...	...	1,178	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	349,589	...	...	299,606	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	394,549	...	...	318,917	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	165,405	...	...	107,535	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	15.8	...	...	21.4	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	43.5	...	...	42.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,050	...	...	965	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,089	...	...	1,021	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	1,068,405	517,440	550,960	857,295	424,265	433,035
No certificate, diploma or degree	152,980	77,940	75,040	177,210	96,680	80,530
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	276,465	136,005	140,465	261,210	133,730	127,480
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	638,960	303,495	335,465	418,880	193,855	225,025
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	57,910	38,755	19,150	89,440	64,100	25,340
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	30,565	17,885	12,680	38,045	21,495	16,550
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	27,340	20,875	6,470	51,395	42,605	8,790
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	231,810	100,330	131,485	146,770	51,240	95,530
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	20,770	8,620	12,155	28,195	10,790	17,405
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	328,465	155,785	172,680	154,480	67,730	86,745
Bachelor's degree	205,915	93,270	112,650	112,760	47,490	65,270
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	19,035	8,085	10,950	7,635	3,400	4,235
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	7,615	3,885	3,730	4,830	2,580	2,245
Master's degree	79,330	39,595	39,735	24,375	11,095	13,275
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	16,570	10,955	5,615	4,880	3,155	1,725
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	698,620	338,065	360,555	566,245	282,510	283,735
No certificate, diploma or degree	54,905	30,600	24,310	69,200	42,050	27,150
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	154,725	79,015	75,710	168,035	88,530	79,505
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	488,995	228,455	260,540	329,005	151,930	177,075
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	39,595	26,330	13,260	66,955	48,885	18,075
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	20,920	12,060	8,860	27,765	16,095	11,670
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	18,675	14,270	4,405	39,190	32,785	6,400
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	178,785	78,465	100,320	115,085	41,085	74,000
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	13,495	5,820	7,680	19,380	7,775	11,605
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	257,115	117,835	139,285	127,585	54,190	73,395
Bachelor's degree	160,285	71,395	88,880	92,905	38,180	54,730
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	14,255	5,555	8,705	5,890	2,525	3,365
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	5,945	2,695	3,250	4,065	1,995	2,070
Master's degree	64,750	31,015	33,735	20,975	9,170	11,805
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	11,885	7,175	4,710	3,750	2,320	1,435
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	1,068,405	517,440	550,965	857,295	424,265	433,030
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	429,450	213,950	215,500	438,420	230,405	208,005
Education	37,410	8,445	28,965	40,995	10,635	30,355
13. Education	37,405	8,440	28,965	40,990	10,635	30,350
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	21,715	9,580	12,135	8,870	4,150	4,720
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	4,570	3,295	1,270	2,015	1,455	560
50. Visual and performing arts	17,140	6,280	10,860	6,850	2,690	4,160
Humanities	39,380	15,015	24,365	15,400	6,905	8,495
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	5,775	1,140	4,635	1,030	260	770
23. English language and literature/letters	10,310	3,175	7,135	3,180	990	2,190
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	7,710	2,845	4,870	3,105	1,185	1,920
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	400	120	280	35	0	30
38. Philosophy and religious studies	2,700	1,500	1,205	1,180	695	480
39. Theology and religious vocations	2,425	1,425	1,000	4,700	2,645	2,050
54. History	7,580	4,300	3,280	1,760	1,000	760
55. French language and literature/letters	2,480	520	1,960	425	120	300
Social and behavioural sciences and law	104,370	38,580	65,785	30,500	10,015	20,485
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	1,575	420	1,155	750	185	565
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	10,535	3,790	6,745	2,060	905	1,160
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	13,225	1,175	12,050	6,805	425	6,380
22. Legal professions and studies	16,320	6,005	10,310	5,410	1,930	3,480
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	2,440	555	1,885	465	155	310
42. Psychology	15,780	3,905	11,880	5,555	1,480	4,075
45. Social sciences	44,490	22,725	21,765	9,455	4,940	4,510
Business, management and public administration	122,450	49,665	72,790	85,800	25,105	60,695
30.16 Accounting and computer science	275	105	165	240	50	190
44. Public administration and social service professions	13,130	3,425	9,700	8,250	1,710	6,545
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	109,050	46,130	62,920	77,310	23,350	53,960
Physical and life sciences and technologies	30,125	15,430	14,695	11,455	5,905	5,550
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	14,680	6,005	8,675	5,675	2,515	3,160
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	4,470	2,245	2,220	1,395	725	670
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	315	80	235	105	25	80
40. Physical sciences	9,515	6,610	2,905	3,240	2,265	970
41. Science technologies/technicians	1,150	485	665	1,045	375	670
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	39,140	25,230	13,910	11,695	7,040	4,655
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	29,595	20,690	8,905	9,390	6,135	3,250
25. Library science	3,030	620	2,405	990	85	905
27. Mathematics and statistics	5,415	3,200	2,215	1,145	700	445
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	1,100	720	385	170	110	55
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	111,605	98,990	12,610	93,145	86,660	6,485
04. Architecture and related services	5,215	3,400	1,820	1,520	960	560
14. Engineering	38,745	31,790	6,960	14,090	11,790	2,300
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	24,540	22,060	2,475	13,790	12,290	1,505
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	40	0	25	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	16,365	15,940	420	24,650	23,840	810
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	19,595	19,030	565	26,325	25,535	790
48. Precision production	7,105	6,765	340	12,765	12,240	525
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	11,870	7,175	4,695	16,655	12,040	4,615
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	7,510	4,740	2,770	13,585	9,885	3,705
03. Natural resources and conservation	4,360	2,430	1,925	3,075	2,160	910
Health and related fields	86,600	17,295	69,300	74,750	12,215	62,530
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	7,685	3,705	3,985	4,340	2,030	2,315
51. Health professions and related programs	76,565	12,340	64,225	69,090	9,460	59,630
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	2,345	1,255	1,090	1,315	725	590
Personal, protective and transportation services	34,205	18,050	16,155	29,585	13,165	16,420
12. Personal and culinary services	17,650	4,985	12,670	18,450	3,845	14,605
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	915	765	150	10	10	10
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	675	615	55	175	160	20
43. Security and protective services	10,305	7,390	2,915	5,070	3,705	1,360
49. Transportation and materials moving	4,665	4,295	370	5,880	5,450	430
Other	85	35	50	40	20	20
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	85	35	50	40	20	20
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	698,620	338,065	360,555	566,245	282,510	283,730
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	209,630	109,610	100,015	237,235	130,580	106,660
Education	25,375	5,465	19,905	28,195	6,885	21,310
13. Education	25,370	5,465	19,910	28,195	6,885	21,310
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	16,620	7,250	9,370	7,175	3,350	3,825
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	3,420	2,395	1,030	1,550	1,100	450
50. Visual and performing arts	13,205	4,860	8,340	5,630	2,250	3,380
Humanities	27,740	10,400	17,345	11,760	5,110	6,650
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	4,440	835	3,600	825	205	620
23. English language and literature/letters	7,270	2,175	5,095	2,470	745	1,735
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	5,220	1,925	3,295	2,515	910	1,605
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	310	85	225	30	10	25
38. Philosophy and religious studies	1,870	1,050	820	920	540	380
39. Theology and religious vocations	1,610	980	625	3,345	1,905	1,435
54. History	5,520	3,105	2,410	1,365	725	640
55. French language and literature/letters	1,500	235	1,265	285	75	205
Social and behavioural sciences and law	82,815	29,190	53,625	25,830	8,205	17,625
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	1,275	310	965	670	165	505
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	8,360	2,950	5,410	1,870	800	1,065
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	10,445	895	9,550	5,680	350	5,330
22. Legal professions and studies	13,705	4,525	9,180	4,735	1,550	3,185
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	2,050	465	1,585	370	120	250
42. Psychology	11,960	2,805	9,160	4,335	1,055	3,280
45. Social sciences	35,020	17,250	17,770	8,175	4,160	4,010
Business, management and public administration	96,030	37,965	58,065	69,300	20,470	48,835
30.16 Accounting and computer science	210	85	120	195	35	165
44. Public administration and social service professions	10,470	2,590	7,880	6,795	1,230	5,570
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	85,355	35,290	50,065	62,310	19,205	43,105
Physical and life sciences and technologies	21,710	10,320	11,395	8,985	4,575	4,405
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	11,085	4,290	6,790	4,490	1,995	2,495
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	3,120	1,510	1,615	1,085	530	550
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	240	60	180	95	25	70
40. Physical sciences	6,490	4,185	2,305	2,545	1,700	845
41. Science technologies/technicians	780	275	505	770	320	450
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	33,865	22,005	11,865	10,235	6,210	4,030
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	26,790	18,700	8,085	8,590	5,615	2,970
25. Library science	2,145	445	1,700	730	60	670
27. Mathematics and statistics	3,955	2,245	1,710	760	430	335
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	980	615	370	160	105	55
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	84,315	73,625	10,690	72,720	67,225	5,500
04. Architecture and related services	4,135	2,585	1,550	1,215	745	470
14. Engineering	30,365	24,285	6,085	11,685	9,635	2,045
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	18,500	16,535	1,965	11,195	9,865	1,330
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	30	0	25	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	12,020	11,670	345	18,905	18,275	630
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	14,320	13,840	480	19,855	19,240	620
48. Precision production	4,950	4,710	240	9,865	9,460	410
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	9,100	5,230	3,865	13,365	9,360	4,005
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	5,545	3,305	2,235	10,720	7,545	3,175
03. Natural resources and conservation	3,555	1,925	1,630	2,645	1,815	835
Health and related fields	65,015	13,275	51,735	57,985	9,720	48,265
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	6,035	2,865	3,170	3,520	1,635	1,890
51. Health professions and related programs	57,175	9,560	47,615	53,345	7,510	45,835
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	1,805	845	955	1,120	580	545
Personal, protective and transportation services	26,320	13,700	12,625	23,415	10,820	12,600
12. Personal and culinary services	13,505	3,810	9,695	14,320	3,175	11,155
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	750	605	145	10	10	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	380	345	30	100	95	0
43. Security and protective services	8,090	5,655	2,435	4,055	2,955	1,105
49. Transportation and materials moving	3,595	3,280	315	4,935	4,590	340
Other	80	35	45	35	15	20
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	80	35	50	35	10	20
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	1,068,405	517,440	550,965	857,300	424,265	433,035
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	429,450	213,950	215,500	438,415	230,410	208,005
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	638,955	303,495	335,460	418,880	193,855	225,025
Location of study inside Canada	551,985	261,540	290,445	366,620	167,715	198,905
Same as province or territory of residence	456,775	216,160	240,615	293,455	130,990	162,465
Different than province or territory of residence	95,215	45,385	49,830	73,165	36,725	36,445
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	86,970	41,950	45,015	52,260	26,140	26,120
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	14,525	7,850	6,675	7,230	3,670	3,560
Philippines	4,675	1,400	3,275	13,980	6,230	7,750
India	5,795	2,800	3,000	6,215	3,280	2,930
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	11,880	6,695	5,185	3,250	1,830	1,420
China^{Census data footnote 162}	6,415	2,930	3,490	2,730	1,295	1,435
France	2,235	1,120	1,115	220	125	95
Other	41,445	19,160	22,280	18,630	9,705	8,925
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	698,620	338,065	360,555	566,245	282,510	283,735
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	209,630	109,610	100,015	237,235	130,580	106,660
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	488,995	228,450	260,540	329,010	151,930	177,075
Location of study inside Canada	425,425	199,260	226,160	283,450	129,445	154,005
Same as province or territory of residence	354,490	165,740	188,745	225,420	100,405	125,010
Different than province or territory of residence	70,940	33,520	37,420	58,035	29,035	28,995
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	63,570	29,190	34,375	45,560	22,490	23,070
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	10,405	5,325	5,075	5,210	2,495	2,715
Philippines	4,045	1,200	2,845	13,335	5,950	7,385
India	4,155	1,955	2,200	5,560	2,935	2,625
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	6,465	3,500	2,965	2,180	1,275	905
China^{Census data footnote 162}	4,740	2,090	2,650	2,520	1,180	1,345
France	1,745	855	890	200	115	85
Other	32,015	14,270	17,750	16,555	8,540	8,015
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	1,068,405	517,440	550,965	857,295	424,260	433,035
In the labour force	702,740	359,610	343,130	585,540	311,110	274,430
Employed	652,640	332,550	320,085	544,095	286,330	257,760
Unemployed	50,095	27,055	23,045	41,445	24,775	16,665
Not in the labour force	365,665	157,835	207,835	271,760	113,155	158,605
Participation rate	65.8	69.5	62.3	68.3	73.3	63.4
Employment rate	61.1	64.3	58.1	63.5	67.5	59.5
Unemployment rate	7.1	7.5	6.7	7.1	8.0	6.1
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	1,068,405	517,440	550,965	857,295	424,260	433,030
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	345,055	148,385	196,670	242,835	100,140	142,695
Worked	723,350	369,055	354,290	614,460	324,130	290,335
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	393,755	215,625	178,130	313,945	180,260	133,690
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	329,595	153,430	176,165	300,515	143,870	156,650
Average weeks worked in reference year	43.3	43.7	42.9	42.6	43.1	41.9
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	702,740	359,610	343,130	585,535	311,110	274,425
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	15,885	7,890	7,995	10,230	5,205	5,020
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	686,855	351,720	335,140	575,310	305,900	269,405
Employee	612,450	306,560	305,890	490,180	250,460	239,710
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	74,400	45,155	29,250	85,130	55,440	29,695
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	702,740	359,605	343,135	585,535	311,105	274,430
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	15,885	7,890	7,995	10,225	5,205	5,020
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	686,855	351,720	335,140	575,310	305,905	269,410
0 Management occupations	80,995	49,215	31,780	81,060	54,030	27,035
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	119,035	38,305	80,725	80,640	20,280	60,355
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	71,545	54,240	17,310	28,325	21,685	6,640
3 Health occupations	45,725	9,670	36,055	41,675	6,510	35,170
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	103,245	36,380	66,855	64,685	19,715	44,970
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	23,295	10,110	13,180	10,760	4,025	6,735
6 Sales and service occupations	149,205	70,075	79,130	124,090	50,165	73,920
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	71,200	66,790	4,415	99,755	93,540	6,215
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	9,060	7,160	1,905	28,155	22,590	5,565
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	13,550	9,775	3,780	16,165	13,370	2,800
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	702,740	359,610	343,135	585,540	311,105	274,430
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	15,885	7,890	7,995	10,225	5,200	5,020
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	686,855	351,720	335,140	575,310	305,905	269,410
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	9,055	6,215	2,845	51,255	36,820	14,440
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	990	870	115	23,070	20,040	3,025
22 Utilities	2,450	1,975	480	5,395	3,780	1,610
23 Construction	41,525	36,490	5,030	49,310	43,460	5,850
31-33 Manufacturing	31,190	22,205	8,990	26,710	21,000	5,710
41 Wholesale trade	17,850	12,945	4,910	20,480	15,325	5,155
44-45 Retail trade	75,870	38,075	37,795	63,360	30,185	33,180
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	24,045	17,710	6,335	24,755	19,385	5,370
51 Information and cultural industries	16,670	10,250	6,415	10,005	5,055	4,950
52 Finance and insurance	21,070	9,250	11,825	20,155	6,495	13,655
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	11,830	6,495	5,335	7,650	4,425	3,220
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	60,520	36,080	24,440	25,250	12,985	12,265
55 Management of companies and enterprises	510	175	330	1,340	680	660
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	30,445	18,305	12,145	16,395	9,660	6,735
61 Educational services	53,405	17,210	36,190	45,360	13,670	31,690
62 Health care and social assistance	78,085	15,090	62,990	72,625	11,285	61,335
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	13,660	6,610	7,050	10,545	5,120	5,425
72 Accommodation and food services	45,375	21,250	24,125	37,785	14,295	23,490
81 Other services (except public administration)	29,240	12,510	16,735	25,680	12,590	13,090
91 Public administration	123,065	62,010	61,060	38,180	19,640	18,535
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	652,640	332,555	320,090	544,095	286,330	257,760
Worked at home	49,365	25,020	24,345	59,385	34,110	25,275
Worked outside Canada	2,645	1,750	900	840	550	295
No fixed workplace address	60,140	43,835	16,305	68,510	54,860	13,650
Worked at usual place	540,490	261,955	278,535	415,355	196,815	218,545
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	540,485	261,955	278,535	415,355	196,815	218,540
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	417,985	200,955	217,035	288,875	131,440	157,430
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	38,500	17,415	21,085	89,420	45,175	44,250
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	58,160	30,120	28,040	28,040	15,365	12,675
Commute to a different province or territory	25,840	13,460	12,375	9,015	4,830	4,185
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	600,625	305,785	294,835	483,865	251,675	232,190
Car, truck, van - as a driver	412,355	221,815	190,535	402,405	216,695	185,705
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	35,605	12,215	23,395	27,960	10,265	17,695
Public transit	94,295	42,020	52,275	13,825	5,380	8,445
Walked	40,190	18,760	21,425	27,120	11,505	15,615
Bicycle	12,205	7,915	4,295	5,475	3,415	2,065
Other method	5,980	3,070	2,915	7,075	4,410	2,665
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	600,625	305,790	294,840	483,865	251,675	232,190
Less than 15 minutes	139,170	66,285	72,890	212,525	101,290	111,235
15 to 29 minutes	210,425	107,875	102,555	179,160	95,105	84,055
30 to 44 minutes	139,445	73,540	65,900	53,345	30,035	23,310
45 to 59 minutes	62,500	31,865	30,635	17,630	10,285	7,345
60 minutes and over	49,090	26,220	22,865	21,205	14,960	6,245
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	600,625	305,790	294,835	483,865	251,675	232,190
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	35,955	24,205	11,750	29,630	21,835	7,800
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	115,025	65,360	49,670	88,420	56,715	31,705
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	172,655	83,070	89,590	158,875	83,520	75,355
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	133,920	61,450	72,470	101,065	40,385	60,680
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	62,930	28,890	34,035	41,740	16,680	25,065
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	80,140	42,815	37,330	64,140	32,540	31,600
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	743,640	379,030	364,615	633,325	332,450	300,875
Single responses	708,500	363,055	345,450	630,465	331,130	299,335
Official languages	704,805	361,190	343,615	626,545	329,115	297,435
English	654,615	340,055	314,560	624,555	328,520	296,030
French	50,195	21,135	29,055	1,995	590	1,405
Non-official languages	3,695	1,860	1,830	3,920	2,020	1,895
Aboriginal languages	45	10	40	1,540	775	770
Algonquian languages	0	0	10	915	485	435
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	10	0	0	905	470	430
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	95	55	40
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	40	25	20
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	10	770	395	375
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	15	10	10
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	15	10	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	620	290	340
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	625	285	340
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	625	285	335
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	25	10	25	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	25	0	20	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	10	0	10	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	10	0	10	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	10	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	10	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	3,650	1,855	1,795	2,375	1,245	1,130
Afro-Asiatic languages	610	360	245	115	100	20
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	20	0	20	10	0	10
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	20	0	20	10	0	10
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	590	360	230	110	95	10
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	565	345	220	75	65	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	20	20	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	20	10	10	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	10	0	10
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	135	50	90	245	135	115
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	135	45	90	245	135	115
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	45	20	20	205	105	95
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	10	10	10
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	10	0	0	10	0	10
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	30	10	20	185	100	85
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	10	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	25	15	15	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	10	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	20	10	10	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	15	15	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	10	0	0	0	0
Tamil	10	10	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	1,015	465	555	560	250	305
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	275	100	180	100	35	60
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	275	100	180	95	35	60
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Croatian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	45	15	30	0	0	0
Russian	155	45	105	25	10	10
Serbian	20	10	15	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	30	10	15	65	20	50
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	195	90	105	165	95	65
Afrikaans	0	0	0	30	10	20
Danish	10	10	10	0	0	0
Dutch	20	10	10	40	25	20
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	150	65	80	80	50	30
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Swedish	10	0	10	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	10	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	15	0
Greek	20	15	0	0	0	10
Indo-Iranian languages	120	60	60	180	75	100
Indo-Aryan languages	60	35	25	160	70	90
Bengali	10	10	0	25	15	10
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	10
Hindi	20	10	10	20	10	10
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	10	0	10	10	0	10
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	10	40	20	20
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	10	0	0
Urdu	25	10	15	50	25	30
Iranian languages	60	25	35	20	10	15
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	10	10	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	50	20	30	25	0	15
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	400	200	200	110	45	70
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	45	30	15	0	0	0
Portuguese	85	60	25	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Spanish	265	115	155	105	40	60
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	65	30	30	10	0	10
Kartvelian languages	0	0	10	0	0	0
Georgian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	85	45	40	110	40	70
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	30	10	20	10	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	10	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	0	15	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	10	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	10	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	45	15	30	60	35	30
American Sign Language	30	15	15	10	0	10
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	10	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	10	0	50	30	20
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,490	785	705	1,030	560	465
Chinese languages	1,480	780	700	990	540	450
Cantonese	570	320	250	250	140	105
Hakka	0	0	0	10	0	10
Mandarin	840	400	435	605	310	300
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	10	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	60	50	10	135	90	40
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	10	10	0	40	25	20
Burmese	0	10	0	15	10	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	25	20	10
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	45	25	20	15	10	0
Lao	10	10	0	0	0	0
Thai	30	15	20	10	0	10
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	25	15	10	15	10	0
Azerbaijani	0	10	0	0	0	0
Turkish	15	10	15	15	0	0
Uyghur	10	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	10	0	10	10	0	10
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	10	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	10	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	35,140	15,975	19,165	2,860	1,315	1,540
English and French	30,790	13,890	16,900	650	235	410
English and non-official language	3,515	1,690	1,820	2,190	1,065	1,125
French and non-official language	80	30	50	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	755	360	395	20	15	0
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	743,640	379,030	364,615	633,320	332,445	300,875
None	566,030	296,190	269,840	613,955	323,280	290,670
English	35,750	15,935	19,820	3,515	1,450	2,070
French	130,475	61,260	69,215	3,800	1,675	2,125
Non-official language	9,735	4,885	4,850	11,880	5,960	5,925
Aboriginal	215	70	145	4,590	2,095	2,490
Non-Aboriginal	9,520	4,810	4,710	7,290	3,860	3,435
English and French	125	45	75	0	0	0
English and non-official language	190	90	100	10	0	10
French and non-official language	1,335	625	710	170	90	85
English, French and non-official language	10	10	0	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	1,268,015	619,000	649,010	1,055,820	525,975	529,850
Non-movers	1,106,320	539,960	566,355	905,630	451,665	453,965
Movers	161,690	79,040	82,650	150,195	74,310	75,880
Non-migrants	104,650	51,185	53,465	89,005	43,990	45,015
Migrants	57,040	27,850	29,190	61,185	30,320	30,865
Internal migrants	43,950	21,260	22,690	49,930	24,855	25,075
Intraprovincial migrants	30,305	14,510	15,795	35,965	17,690	18,275
Interprovincial migrants	13,650	6,750	6,900	13,970	7,165	6,805
External migrants	13,090	6,590	6,495	11,255	5,465	5,790
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	1,214,280	591,935	622,350	998,200	496,505	501,695
Non-movers	756,280	369,020	387,260	602,890	300,715	302,175
Movers	458,000	222,920	235,085	395,310	195,790	199,520
Non-migrants	280,220	136,475	143,745	201,450	99,955	101,495
Migrants	177,775	86,440	91,335	193,860	95,835	98,025
Internal migrants	134,375	64,655	69,720	147,360	72,815	74,540
Intraprovincial migrants	92,215	44,285	47,930	98,780	47,825	50,950
Interprovincial migrants	42,165	20,375	21,785	48,585	24,995	23,590
External migrants	43,400	21,785	21,615	46,500	23,015	23,485

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 35 referrer

Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 36 referrer

Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Ottawa [Economic region], Ontario and Saskatchewan [Province] (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 3, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Ottawa [Economic region], Ontario and Saskatchewan [Province]

Census Profile, 2016 Census Ottawa [Economic region], Ontario and Saskatchewan [Province]

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Ottawa [Economic region], Ontario and Saskatchewan [Province]