Census Profile, 2016 Census
Ottawa [Economic region], Ontario and Alberta [Province]

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Ottawa Ontario [Economic region]			Alberta [Province]
	Data quality , Ottawa [Economic region], Ontario Map : Ottawa [Economic region], Ontario Change geography 1			Data quality : Alberta [Province] Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	1,306,249	...	...	4,067,175	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	1,244,909	...	...	3,645,257	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	4.9	...	...	11.6	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	564,144	...	...	1,654,129	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	528,303	...	...	1,527,678	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	89.9	...	...	6.4	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	14,523.17	...	...	640,330.46	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	1,306,250	636,060	670,185	4,067,175	2,039,410	2,027,765
0 to 14 years	212,825	108,335	104,490	779,155	399,570	379,580
0 to 4 years	66,855	33,960	32,895	266,515	136,520	129,995
5 to 9 years	73,325	37,365	35,960	270,715	138,990	131,725
10 to 14 years	72,650	37,010	35,635	241,920	124,060	117,860
15 to 64 years	870,635	426,940	443,690	2,787,805	1,408,150	1,379,655
15 to 19 years	77,855	39,645	38,210	240,035	123,625	116,410
20 to 24 years	88,135	44,735	43,400	261,830	133,990	127,840
25 to 29 years	82,255	40,915	41,340	310,940	156,715	154,225
30 to 34 years	80,635	39,395	41,240	333,175	167,555	165,620
35 to 39 years	78,700	37,620	41,080	305,505	153,655	151,850
40 to 44 years	84,245	40,225	44,025	281,205	142,545	138,660
45 to 49 years	90,310	43,900	46,415	269,030	135,855	133,180
50 to 54 years	104,995	51,625	53,370	284,310	142,205	142,100
55 to 59 years	98,890	48,080	50,805	275,540	138,565	136,970
60 to 64 years	84,610	40,800	43,805	226,230	113,440	112,790
65 years and over	222,790	100,785	122,005	500,215	231,690	268,530
65 to 69 years	74,925	36,000	38,925	173,680	85,500	88,180
70 to 74 years	53,270	25,350	27,925	117,035	56,430	60,610
75 to 79 years	38,050	17,540	20,510	83,955	39,105	44,845
80 to 84 years	27,315	11,930	15,390	62,165	27,590	34,575
85 years and over	29,230	9,970	19,260	63,385	23,065	40,320
85 to 89 years	17,590	6,670	10,925	39,965	16,050	23,915
90 to 94 years	8,925	2,720	6,205	18,025	5,755	12,275
95 to 99 years	2,390	545	1,845	4,735	1,145	3,595
100 years and over	325	35	290	650	115	535
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16.3	17.0	15.6	19.2	19.6	18.7
15 to 64 years	66.7	67.1	66.2	68.5	69.0	68.0
65 years and over	17.1	15.8	18.2	12.3	11.4	13.2
85 years and over	2.2	1.6	2.9	1.6	1.1	2.0
Average age of the population	41.3	40.3	42.1	37.8	37.2	38.4
Median age of the population	42.0	40.9	42.9	36.7	36.2	37.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	528,300	...	...	1,527,675	...	...
Single-detached house	272,360	...	...	946,225	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	70,860	...	...	62,395	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	182,795	...	...	471,090	...	...
Semi-detached house	28,680	...	...	86,765	...	...
Row house	84,710	...	...	116,625	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	11,760	...	...	43,090	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	56,555	...	...	223,360	...	...
Other single-attached house	1,085	...	...	1,245	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	2,295	...	...	47,970	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	528,305	...	...	1,527,675	...	...
1 person	146,030	...	...	366,080	...	...
2 persons	186,755	...	...	524,415	...	...
3 persons	80,655	...	...	245,075	...	...
4 persons	74,420	...	...	233,770	...	...
5 or more persons	40,440	...	...	158,335	...	...
Number of persons in private households	1,280,925	...	...	3,978,145	...	...
Average household size	2.4	...	...	2.6	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	1,093,420	527,725	565,695	3,288,020	1,639,835	1,648,185
Married or living common law	632,850	316,200	316,645	1,969,300	988,410	980,895
Married	523,310	261,195	262,115	1,648,945	828,155	820,790
Living common law	109,535	55,010	54,530	320,350	160,250	160,100
Not married and not living common law	460,575	211,525	249,050	1,318,720	651,430	667,290
Never married	305,850	161,735	144,115	905,700	505,310	400,390
Separated	30,515	12,830	17,690	76,150	34,000	42,150
Divorced	64,970	24,770	40,200	195,850	82,040	113,815
Widowed	59,245	12,195	47,045	141,020	30,080	110,940
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	367,185	...	...	1,114,585	...	...
2 persons	188,495	...	...	540,850	...	...
3 persons	76,545	...	...	235,245	...	...
4 persons	71,525	...	...	227,165	...	...
5 or more persons	30,615	...	...	111,330	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	367,190	...	...	1,114,585	...	...
Total couple families	309,715	...	...	953,325	...	...
Married couples	254,970	...	...	793,195	...	...
Common-law couples	54,740	...	...	160,130	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	57,470	...	...	161,260	...	...
Female parent	45,205	...	...	123,490	...	...
Male parent	12,265	...	...	37,770	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	309,715	...	...	953,325	...	...
Couples without children	154,190	...	...	443,665	...	...
Couples with children	155,525	...	...	509,655	...	...
1 child	59,985	...	...	190,010	...	...
2 children	66,800	...	...	213,910	...	...
3 or more children	28,740	...	...	105,735	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	57,470	...	...	161,260	...	...
1 child	34,305	...	...	97,180	...	...
2 children	16,560	...	...	45,235	...	...
3 or more children	6,600	...	...	18,845	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	223,895	104,115	119,775	678,535	356,875	321,655
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	528,305	...	...	1,527,675	...	...
One-census-family households	351,225	...	...	1,039,985	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	147,595	...	...	414,570	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	203,625	...	...	625,415	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	7,860	...	...	36,120	...	...
Non-census-family households	169,220	...	...	451,570	...	...
One-person households	146,030	...	...	366,080	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	23,185	...	...	85,490	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	1,290,265	629,570	660,695	4,026,650	2,020,510	2,006,140
English only	780,650	394,930	385,725	3,698,765	1,869,670	1,829,095
French only	24,230	10,370	13,860	3,895	1,725	2,165
English and French	471,105	218,615	252,490	264,720	124,400	140,315
Neither English nor French	14,285	5,660	8,625	59,280	24,715	34,565
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	1,290,260	629,565	660,695	4,026,650	2,020,510	2,006,140
English	1,029,820	508,530	521,290	3,880,685	1,950,980	1,929,705
French	223,430	104,590	118,845	71,535	37,205	34,330
English and French	23,115	10,975	12,145	16,605	8,350	8,255
Neither English nor French	13,900	5,470	8,425	57,830	23,970	33,860
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	234,985	110,075	124,910	79,840	41,380	38,455
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	18.2	17.5	18.9	2.0	2.0	1.9
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	1,290,265	629,570	660,695	4,026,650	2,020,510	2,006,140
Single responses	1,251,055	610,960	640,100	3,934,580	1,975,615	1,958,970
Official languages	1,036,580	509,710	526,870	3,063,640	1,552,475	1,511,165
English	825,155	410,215	414,935	2,991,485	1,515,025	1,476,460
French	211,425	99,490	111,935	72,150	37,450	34,705
Non-official languages	214,475	101,250	113,230	870,940	423,140	447,805
Aboriginal languages	1,185	475	705	23,835	11,290	12,550
Algonquian languages	315	135	180	18,295	8,665	9,630
Blackfoot	0	0	0	2,750	1,305	1,445
Cree-Montagnais languages	170	75	95	14,960	7,105	7,850
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	5	0	5	0
Moose Cree	5	0	0	10	0	5
Naskapi	10	5	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	25	15	10	50	15	35
Plains Cree	10	5	5	720	280	435
Southern East Cree	0	0	5	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	30	15	20	50	20	35
Woods Cree	0	0	0	910	430	480
Cree, n.o.s.	80	35	45	13,220	6,355	6,865
Eastern Algonquian languages	25	10	10	30	15	15
Malecite	5	0	0	0	5	0
Mi'kmaq	20	5	15	35	20	15
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	120	45	75	550	235	315
Algonquin	25	10	20	5	0	5
Ojibway	85	35	55	525	230	300
Oji-Cree	5	0	0	15	5	15
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	5	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0	0	5
Athabaskan languages	10	0	10	1,865	865	1,000
Northern Athabaskan languages	5	0	5	1,855	860	990
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	35	15	15
Carrier	0	0	0	15	0	15
Chilcotin	0	0	0	5	0	0
Dene	10	0	5	1,470	710	760
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	40	10	30
Gwich'in	0	0	0	15	5	10
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	70	20	45
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	200	90	115
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	10	5	10
South Slavey	0	0	0	155	70	80
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	35	15	25
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	5	0	5
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	375	130	240	120	35	85
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	25	5	10
Inuktitut	340	120	220	60	20	45
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	35	10	30
Iroquoian languages	470	200	270	10	10	5
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	460	200	260	5	5	5
Oneida	0	0	0	0	5	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0	0	5
Kutenai	0	0	0	5	0	0
Michif	5	5	0	80	45	35
Salish languages	0	0	0	15	5	10
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	5	5
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	5	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	5
Siouan languages	0	0	0	3,370	1,630	1,745
Dakota	0	0	0	350	165	185
Stoney	0	0	0	3,020	1,460	1,555
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	5	0	0
Tsimshian languages	5	0	0	15	5	5
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	10	5	5
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	5	5	5
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	5
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	5	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	15	10	5	55	30	25
Non-Aboriginal languages	213,300	100,770	112,525	847,105	411,850	435,255
Afro-Asiatic languages	44,975	22,550	22,425	68,415	36,215	32,200
Berber languages	380	200	180	340	190	145
Kabyle	250	130	120	165	90	75
Berber languages, n.i.e.	125	65	60	175	100	75
Cushitic languages	6,660	2,875	3,785	12,525	6,495	6,030
Bilen	45	30	25	315	185	130
Oromo	220	125	95	2,650	1,375	1,275
Somali	6,305	2,685	3,620	9,520	4,915	4,605
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	90	45	50	40	20	20
Semitic languages	37,880	19,445	18,435	55,425	29,450	25,980
Amharic	1,465	690	775	7,320	3,605	3,720
Arabic	34,870	17,995	16,875	40,540	21,840	18,705
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	75	30	40	400	210	190
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	10	5	5	145	80	65
Harari	60	30	30	260	135	120
Hebrew	370	195	170	960	505	460
Maltese	45	20	25	75	30	40
Tigrigna	910	440	470	5,415	2,880	2,535
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	75	40	35	305	155	145
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	55	30	25	130	80	50
Austro-Asiatic languages	7,230	3,315	3,915	25,295	11,760	13,535
Khmer (Cambodian)	1,110	490	620	1,925	910	1,010
Vietnamese	6,110	2,820	3,285	23,350	10,840	12,505
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	5	5	5	25	10	15
Austronesian languages	8,180	2,925	5,255	115,405	50,190	65,210
Bikol	30	10	25	425	205	225
Cebuano	395	125	270	5,135	2,155	2,980
Fijian	5	0	0	125	75	50
Hiligaynon	115	35	75	1,500	640	855
Ilocano	585	230	355	5,350	2,310	3,040
Malagasy	60	30	30	35	10	25
Malay	420	170	250	1,460	615	845
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	25	10	15	765	370	390
Pangasinan	35	15	20	290	115	175
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	6,345	2,240	4,105	99,035	43,120	55,920
Waray-Waray	45	15	30	305	145	160
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	130	45	85	980	430	550
Creole languages	4,285	1,795	2,490	1,895	990	910
Haitian Creole	300	135	170	95	45	50
Creole, n.o.s.	3,800	1,575	2,220	1,175	640	540
Creole languages, n.i.e.	185	85	95	625	305	325
Dravidian languages	4,305	2,225	2,080	13,490	7,075	6,415
Kannada	225	120	110	535	270	265
Malayalam	690	360	325	6,345	3,285	3,060
Tamil	2,880	1,470	1,410	4,430	2,360	2,070
Telugu	495	270	225	2,130	1,135	995
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	50	25	25
Hmong-Mien languages	5	0	0	105	55	45
Indo-European languages	97,310	46,485	50,825	442,685	220,330	222,355
Albanian	665	330	335	2,345	1,270	1,075
Armenian	505	260	245	500	250	245
Balto-Slavic languages	21,810	9,780	12,035	80,330	37,750	42,580
Baltic languages	535	225	310	1,010	475	535
Latvian	295	130	165	415	195	220
Lithuanian	240	95	145	600	285	315
Slavic languages	21,280	9,555	11,720	79,325	37,275	42,050
Belarusan	40	20	20	65	30	30
Bosnian	615	280	335	1,835	915	920
Bulgarian	875	410	465	1,545	790	755
Croatian	1,075	495	575	4,655	2,340	2,320
Czech	1,070	490	585	3,000	1,430	1,575
Macedonian	65	30	40	360	185	175
Polish	6,075	2,735	3,345	20,130	9,425	10,705
Russian	6,390	2,780	3,605	17,810	8,150	9,665
Serbian	1,800	860	935	4,020	2,035	1,985
Serbo-Croatian	525	255	270	970	480	485
Slovak	630	285	345	2,185	1,070	1,115
Slovene (Slovenian)	240	95	140	695	320	370
Ukrainian	1,835	795	1,035	21,835	9,985	11,850
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	45	25	15	215	120	100
Celtic languages	145	65	80	370	200	170
Scottish Gaelic	55	30	25	135	70	65
Welsh	65	25	40	175	85	80
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	65	40	25
Germanic languages	13,500	6,330	7,165	104,260	51,525	52,735
Afrikaans	190	90	100	3,010	1,475	1,535
Danish	400	190	210	2,380	1,245	1,135
Dutch	4,145	2,010	2,130	16,135	8,095	8,045
Frisian	120	65	55	360	200	160
German	7,820	3,575	4,245	80,050	39,435	40,615
Icelandic	25	15	15	115	55	60
Norwegian	160	60	95	815	370	445
Swedish	310	155	155	875	405	470
Vlaams (Flemish)	120	55	65	320	150	170
Yiddish	190	105	80	140	70	70
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	55	30	25
Greek	2,540	1,350	1,195	3,130	1,655	1,475
Indo-Iranian languages	28,465	14,365	14,100	166,805	85,250	81,560
Indo-Aryan languages	19,615	9,910	9,705	145,900	74,320	71,580
Bengali	3,380	1,685	1,695	7,000	3,630	3,370
Gujarati	1,615	845	770	13,140	6,785	6,355
Hindi	2,940	1,505	1,440	17,055	8,675	8,385
Kashmiri	25	10	10	105	60	50
Konkani	110	55	50	370	190	185
Marathi	300	150	145	1,510	775	730
Nepali	935	445	490	5,175	2,690	2,490
Oriya (Odia)	40	25	15	190	100	90
Punjabi (Panjabi)	4,105	2,105	2,000	68,695	34,935	33,760
Sindhi	285	130	150	2,770	1,300	1,475
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	840	405	435	2,590	1,320	1,265
Urdu	5,040	2,550	2,495	27,295	13,865	13,430
Iranian languages	8,745	4,395	4,355	19,600	10,235	9,365
Kurdish	660	345	315	1,550	845	705
Pashto	1,090	550	540	2,560	1,320	1,235
Persian (Farsi)	6,990	3,500	3,495	15,490	8,070	7,425
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	100	60	45	1,310	695	615
Italic (Romance) languages	29,675	14,005	15,670	84,940	42,425	42,515
Catalan	30	15	15	75	30	45
Italian	9,725	4,860	4,865	11,375	5,760	5,615
Portuguese	4,490	2,105	2,390	9,050	4,380	4,670
Romanian	2,690	1,230	1,460	8,035	4,080	3,955
Spanish	12,710	5,780	6,925	56,370	28,160	28,205
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	35	20	15
Japanese	1,055	320	735	4,875	1,715	3,160
Kartvelian languages	35	10	20	230	130	105
Georgian	35	10	25	230	130	100
Korean	2,170	915	1,250	17,920	8,485	9,435
Mongolic languages	30	15	15	545	255	290
Mongolian	30	15	15	540	255	290
Niger-Congo languages	5,490	2,420	3,070	15,360	7,870	7,495
Akan (Twi)	365	180	185	1,755	915	835
Bamanankan	80	30	45	35	20	15
Edo	35	15	20	275	155	120
Ewe	75	25	50	245	145	100
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	105	45	55	230	120	100
Ga	60	35	30	145	80	65
Ganda	125	60	65	280	145	135
Igbo	195	95	90	1,165	625	540
Lingala	340	125	210	270	130	140
Rundi (Kirundi)	850	365	485	605	305	295
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	655	235	420	805	405	400
Shona	115	45	70	1,100	545	555
Swahili	1,125	500	625	2,380	1,160	1,215
Wolof	80	40	45	280	165	110
Yoruba	245	130	115	2,435	1,305	1,125
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	1,055	495	555	3,370	1,640	1,735
Nilo-Saharan languages	305	140	170	2,720	1,395	1,330
Dinka	90	45	45	1,345	705	640
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	220	95	125	1,375	685	690
Sign languages	280	135	145	830	440	390
American Sign Language	95	35	55	335	165	165
Quebec Sign Language	15	10	5	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	165	90	80	495	275	225
Sino-Tibetan languages	32,610	15,125	17,485	122,450	57,740	64,705
Chinese languages	31,795	14,730	17,065	120,375	56,675	63,700
Cantonese	10,370	4,875	5,490	59,145	27,755	31,385
Hakka	165	65	95	990	465	530
Mandarin	18,895	8,700	10,195	50,660	23,940	26,720
Min Dong	50	25	25	115	50	65
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	740	320	420	3,060	1,375	1,695
Wu (Shanghainese)	450	205	245	630	305	330
Chinese, n.o.s.	1,110	525	585	5,725	2,770	2,955
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	40	15	25
Tibeto-Burman languages	815	395	420	2,075	1,065	1,005
Burmese	225	120	110	430	230	200
Karenic languages	325	155	165	795	415	380
Tibetan	95	50	45	575	295	275
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	170	75	95	275	130	140
Tai-Kadai languages	735	255	485	2,670	955	1,710
Lao	360	165	200	1,020	485	535
Thai	375	90	285	1,630	465	1,165
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	5	0	20	10	15
Turkic languages	1,705	870	835	4,050	2,250	1,800
Azerbaijani	125	70	55	365	215	155
Turkish	1,440	735	700	3,140	1,760	1,375
Uyghur	10	5	5	130	70	60
Uzbek	65	30	40	205	115	90
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	65	30	35	215	95	120
Uralic languages	2,440	1,185	1,260	7,470	3,600	3,870
Estonian	185	95	90	190	90	105
Finnish	365	155	210	810	330	480
Hungarian	1,885	935	950	6,470	3,185	3,285
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	150	85	65	690	415	280
Multiple responses	39,205	18,610	20,595	92,070	44,900	47,175
English and French	16,445	7,785	8,660	10,230	4,950	5,280
English and non-official language	16,205	7,825	8,385	77,520	37,815	39,705
French and non-official language	4,000	1,825	2,175	2,685	1,375	1,305
English, French and non-official language	2,550	1,175	1,375	1,640	760	880
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	1,290,260	629,570	660,695	4,026,655	2,020,510	2,006,145
Single responses	1,226,575	599,570	627,000	3,837,615	1,928,230	1,909,385
Official languages	1,122,855	550,665	572,190	3,354,885	1,690,490	1,664,395
English	972,475	480,455	492,020	3,327,255	1,676,360	1,650,895
French	150,380	70,210	80,170	27,630	14,130	13,500
Non-official languages	103,715	48,910	54,810	482,725	237,740	244,990
Aboriginal languages	355	150	200	9,970	4,940	5,020
Algonquian languages	75	35	40	7,175	3,575	3,605
Blackfoot	0	0	0	1,110	555	555
Cree-Montagnais languages	55	25	35	5,875	2,925	2,945
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	5	0	5	0	0	0
Moose Cree	5	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	5	5	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	10	5	10	20	10	10
Plains Cree	0	0	0	125	60	60
Southern East Cree	5	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	5	0	5	5	0	5
Woods Cree	0	0	0	600	300	295
Cree, n.o.s.	30	15	15	5,120	2,540	2,575
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	5	5	5
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	5	5	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	20	10	10	190	95	95
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	20	15	5	185	90	95
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	620	320	300
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	620	325	300
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	10	5	0
Carrier	5	5	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	540	280	260
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	5	0	5
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	5	5	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	60	35	30
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	55	30	25
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	5	5
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	135	55	80	10	0	10
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	5	0	0	5	0	0
Inuktitut	115	50	75	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	5	0	5
Iroquoian languages	135	60	75	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	135	55	75	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	5	0	5
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	10	5	5
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	2,125	1,025	1,095
Dakota	0	0	0	175	85	85
Stoney	0	0	0	1,945	935	1,010
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	25	15	10
Non-Aboriginal languages	103,365	48,755	54,610	472,760	232,800	239,965
Afro-Asiatic languages	24,940	11,985	12,950	43,770	22,535	21,235
Berber languages	225	110	110	200	105	95
Kabyle	185	90	95	90	45	40
Berber languages, n.i.e.	40	20	20	105	60	45
Cushitic languages	3,855	1,580	2,275	9,220	4,750	4,470
Bilen	30	15	15	280	160	115
Oromo	130	70	60	2,075	1,060	1,015
Somali	3,645	1,475	2,165	6,850	3,520	3,325
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	55	20	30	15	5	10
Semitic languages	20,850	10,295	10,555	34,310	17,660	16,655
Amharic	850	400	450	4,915	2,390	2,530
Arabic	19,365	9,585	9,780	24,230	12,555	11,675
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	40	15	20	260	130	130
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	5	95	50	40
Harari	20	10	10	165	80	85
Hebrew	135	75	55	460	235	225
Maltese	5	0	0	15	10	10
Tigrigna	425	200	225	3,955	2,095	1,860
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	210	110	100
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	10	45	20	20
Austro-Asiatic languages	4,260	1,950	2,310	16,355	7,635	8,715
Khmer (Cambodian)	465	200	260	960	460	500
Vietnamese	3,790	1,750	2,045	15,380	7,175	8,205
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	5	0	5	15	0	10
Austronesian languages	3,425	1,430	1,995	60,860	28,765	32,100
Bikol	0	0	0	70	40	35
Cebuano	125	50	70	2,110	1,015	1,090
Fijian	0	0	0	45	25	20
Hiligaynon	45	15	25	470	215	255
Ilocano	230	110	120	1,975	935	1,035
Malagasy	20	10	5	20	10	10
Malay	125	50	70	405	205	195
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	220	110	110
Pangasinan	10	5	5	45	20	30
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	2,820	1,160	1,660	55,105	26,005	29,100
Waray-Waray	15	5	10	125	60	60
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	40	20	20	280	120	155
Creole languages	1,865	765	1,105	970	495	475
Haitian Creole	155	70	90	50	25	25
Creole, n.o.s.	1,645	665	980	655	345	310
Creole languages, n.i.e.	70	35	40	270	125	140
Dravidian languages	2,185	1,090	1,095	8,460	4,335	4,125
Kannada	80	40	35	210	105	105
Malayalam	290	150	140	4,060	2,070	1,990
Tamil	1,610	790	825	2,915	1,515	1,395
Telugu	195	105	90	1,245	635	615
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	30	10	15
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	70	35	35
Indo-European languages	39,895	18,945	20,950	230,270	115,280	114,995
Albanian	305	145	160	1,060	570	485
Armenian	220	105	120	215	115	105
Balto-Slavic languages	9,285	4,370	4,915	30,220	14,820	15,400
Baltic languages	115	50	65	410	210	200
Latvian	65	25	40	165	85	80
Lithuanian	50	25	25	250	125	120
Slavic languages	9,165	4,320	4,845	29,815	14,610	15,205
Belarusan	20	10	10	15	10	5
Bosnian	315	155	155	785	400	385
Bulgarian	420	200	220	825	415	405
Croatian	335	155	185	1,800	905	895
Czech	260	130	135	875	440	430
Macedonian	15	5	5	175	90	85
Polish	2,110	975	1,135	7,705	3,675	4,030
Russian	3,710	1,735	1,980	10,145	4,965	5,175
Serbian	1,040	520	525	2,100	1,045	1,055
Serbo-Croatian	200	105	100	315	160	155
Slovak	200	95	110	710	345	365
Slovene (Slovenian)	20	10	10	150	70	75
Ukrainian	520	240	280	4,180	2,060	2,110
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	55	30	25
Celtic languages	10	10	5	40	25	15
Scottish Gaelic	5	5	5	15	15	5
Welsh	0	0	0	15	5	5
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	10	5	0
Germanic languages	1,600	770	835	40,915	20,280	20,625
Afrikaans	55	25	30	1,705	835	875
Danish	30	10	15	150	75	75
Dutch	285	140	150	1,980	985	1,000
Frisian	5	5	0	60	30	30
German	1,135	535	600	36,295	18,010	18,290
Icelandic	0	0	0	30	15	15
Norwegian	15	5	10	60	20	35
Swedish	55	35	15	145	65	80
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	5	5	60	30	25
Yiddish	15	5	10	15	5	5
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	425	215	210
Greek	770	360	405	1,015	490	525
Indo-Iranian languages	15,600	7,615	7,985	111,975	56,535	55,445
Indo-Aryan languages	10,380	5,135	5,250	98,610	49,790	48,815
Bengali	2,020	975	1,045	4,530	2,300	2,225
Gujarati	700	360	340	8,025	4,085	3,935
Hindi	1,310	660	655	9,945	5,115	4,825
Kashmiri	5	0	0	50	20	25
Konkani	35	15	20	75	40	40
Marathi	115	50	65	845	440	405
Nepali	735	360	375	3,710	1,905	1,805
Oriya (Odia)	10	5	5	95	50	45
Punjabi (Panjabi)	2,295	1,160	1,130	51,010	25,720	25,295
Sindhi	70	30	45	1,240	575	665
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	390	190	200	1,480	750	730
Urdu	2,690	1,325	1,370	17,600	8,795	8,810
Iranian languages	5,195	2,465	2,725	12,720	6,415	6,305
Kurdish	375	195	180	850	440	410
Pashto	695	330	360	1,640	845	795
Persian (Farsi)	4,125	1,940	2,185	10,230	5,135	5,100
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	650	325	325
Italic (Romance) languages	12,110	5,575	6,535	44,830	22,445	22,385
Catalan	20	5	10	35	10	20
Italian	2,590	1,160	1,435	2,840	1,275	1,560
Portuguese	1,895	885	1,005	3,905	1,875	2,030
Romanian	1,245	580	660	4,135	2,115	2,020
Spanish	6,355	2,935	3,415	33,910	17,160	16,755
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	10	5	5
Japanese	405	140	265	2,245	945	1,300
Kartvelian languages	10	0	5	160	85	70
Georgian	5	5	0	160	85	70
Korean	1,205	555	650	12,775	6,205	6,570
Mongolic languages	15	10	5	335	160	175
Mongolian	15	10	5	335	155	175
Niger-Congo languages	1,485	665	825	5,600	2,725	2,875
Akan (Twi)	125	60	65	845	415	430
Bamanankan	15	5	10	10	10	0
Edo	0	0	0	70	35	35
Ewe	20	10	10	80	45	35
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	25	10	10	105	55	45
Ga	15	5	5	40	20	20
Ganda	30	10	15	95	50	50
Igbo	55	25	25	265	125	145
Lingala	70	25	45	85	35	45
Rundi (Kirundi)	265	130	135	280	135	145
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	230	80	150	350	175	170
Shona	25	10	5	410	190	225
Swahili	385	175	205	1,090	530	565
Wolof	35	15	20	170	95	75
Yoruba	50	25	25	690	340	350
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	150	65	80	1,015	485	535
Nilo-Saharan languages	80	35	45	1,525	765	755
Dinka	30	15	10	800	420	380
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	55	20	35	725	350	375
Sign languages	415	210	200	1,095	630	465
American Sign Language	125	60	70	325	170	155
Quebec Sign Language	20	10	15	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	265	140	125	765	455	310
Sino-Tibetan languages	21,420	10,140	11,280	82,380	39,230	43,155
Chinese languages	20,840	9,865	10,975	80,880	38,455	42,420
Cantonese	5,955	2,750	3,210	38,275	17,810	20,460
Hakka	55	15	35	315	135	185
Mandarin	13,645	6,530	7,120	37,125	18,030	19,095
Min Dong	10	5	5	20	5	10
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	290	120	170	1,245	540	705
Wu (Shanghainese)	250	120	135	340	175	165
Chinese, n.o.s.	635	330	305	3,550	1,760	1,785
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	10	5	5
Tibeto-Burman languages	580	275	305	1,500	770	730
Burmese	150	70	80	280	145	130
Karenic languages	250	120	125	665	340	320
Tibetan	70	35	30	420	220	200
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	110	45	60	140	65	75
Tai-Kadai languages	275	105	170	1,130	505	625
Lao	175	75	100	465	215	245
Thai	100	30	65	655	285	370
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	10	5	10
Turkic languages	880	430	450	2,390	1,270	1,120
Azerbaijani	55	25	25	155	90	75
Turkish	775	375	400	1,945	1,030	915
Uyghur	5	0	0	80	45	40
Uzbek	35	20	20	135	70	65
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	20	15	5	70	35	25
Uralic languages	570	265	305	2,130	1,040	1,085
Estonian	25	10	15	25	10	15
Finnish	40	15	20	105	50	50
Hungarian	510	240	270	1,995	980	1,015
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	35	20	15	240	140	95
Multiple responses	63,685	29,995	33,695	189,040	92,280	96,760
English and French	16,465	7,575	8,895	6,885	3,410	3,475
English and non-official language	38,890	18,730	20,165	178,070	86,895	91,170
French and non-official language	3,430	1,460	1,970	1,125	540	580
English, French and non-official language	4,890	2,230	2,660	2,965	1,430	1,530
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	1,290,260	629,570	660,695	4,026,650	2,020,510	2,006,140
None	1,022,345	504,475	517,870	3,492,295	1,760,240	1,732,055
English	104,095	49,350	54,745	221,305	110,655	110,650
French	81,615	37,515	44,100	41,840	19,470	22,375
Non-official language	72,705	33,895	38,810	262,255	125,640	136,615
Aboriginal	795	325	470	17,430	8,325	9,105
Non-Aboriginal	71,910	33,570	38,340	244,825	117,315	127,510
English and French	2,725	1,285	1,445	1,535	775	760
English and non-official language	2,590	1,215	1,375	4,545	2,345	2,195
French and non-official language	4,090	1,780	2,305	2,795	1,340	1,455
English, French and non-official language	90	50	45	85	50	40
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	1,068,405	517,455	550,945	3,206,050	1,602,690	1,603,360
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	1,024,135	496,175	527,955	3,053,470	1,528,275	1,525,190
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	39,244	45,394	34,252	42,717	54,891	33,213
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	1,024,515	496,225	528,290	3,054,135	1,528,420	1,525,715
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	35,031	39,940	30,991	38,067	47,131	30,478
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	925,315	455,660	469,655	2,839,590	1,458,560	1,381,030
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	38,735	45,342	32,838	42,330	54,528	32,099
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	719,730	321,760	397,970	1,785,065	711,210	1,073,855
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	4,758	3,006	5,640	4,093	3,834	4,185
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	755,435	383,520	371,910	2,473,665	1,301,630	1,172,030
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	38,202	43,077	33,906	42,679	54,361	32,982
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	1,068,405	517,440	550,965	3,206,045	1,602,810	1,603,235
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	1,024,165	496,050	528,120	3,054,555	1,528,100	1,526,455
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	51,139	58,668	44,067	62,778	80,001	45,535
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	1,024,570	496,070	528,495	3,055,230	1,528,240	1,526,995
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	42,043	47,391	37,023	50,683	62,938	38,417
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	925,445	455,415	470,030	2,840,675	1,458,210	1,382,465
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	50,843	59,061	42,880	62,997	80,282	44,766
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	719,720	321,675	398,045	1,784,345	710,105	1,074,240
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,395	6,853	7,833	7,175	7,298	7,093
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	755,430	382,920	372,515	2,473,665	1,299,805	1,173,855
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	49,503	56,094	42,728	59,343	74,073	43,031
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	1,068,405	517,440	550,965	3,206,050	1,602,810	1,603,240
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	384,140	209,230	174,910	1,152,385	669,770	482,615
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	61,057	65,412	56,694	64,090	73,781	53,836
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	70,327	76,585	62,842	81,586	94,822	63,218
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	89.8	92.4	86.6	93.3	95.8	89.1
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	71.3	73.5	68.4	76.5	78.9	72.3
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	10.2	7.6	13.4	6.7	4.2	10.9
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	1,068,405	517,455	550,945	3,206,050	1,602,690	1,603,360
Without total income	44,270	21,280	22,995	152,585	74,410	78,170
With total income	1,024,135	496,180	527,955	3,053,470	1,528,280	1,525,190
Percentage with total income	95.9	95.9	95.8	95.2	95.4	95.1
Under $10,000 (including loss)	134,680	60,355	74,330	389,580	146,450	243,130
$10,000 to $19,999	160,620	65,870	94,755	385,235	147,125	238,110
$20,000 to $29,999	121,075	51,245	69,825	364,915	142,810	222,105
$30,000 to $39,999	103,340	45,915	57,425	305,680	131,185	174,490
$40,000 to $49,999	96,360	44,460	51,900	286,615	133,715	152,900
$50,000 to $59,999	83,580	40,625	42,955	247,830	124,720	123,115
$60,000 to $69,999	71,180	36,680	34,500	205,840	114,405	91,430
$70,000 to $79,999	55,860	30,370	25,490	165,640	99,645	65,995
$80,000 to $89,999	46,960	25,965	20,995	132,720	82,700	50,020
$90,000 to $99,999	40,795	22,020	18,775	114,010	70,655	43,350
$100,000 and over	109,680	72,670	37,005	455,410	334,865	120,550
$100,000 to $149,999	78,485	50,025	28,460	274,185	191,710	82,475
$150,000 and over	31,190	22,650	8,545	181,225	143,150	38,075
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	1,068,405	517,460	550,950	3,206,050	1,602,690	1,603,365
Without after-tax income	43,890	21,235	22,655	151,915	74,270	77,645
With after-tax income	1,024,515	496,225	528,290	3,054,135	1,528,420	1,525,715
Percentage with after-tax income	95.9	95.9	95.9	95.3	95.4	95.2
Under $10,000 (including loss)	140,715	61,590	79,125	399,005	149,280	249,725
$10,000 to $19,999	167,310	69,085	98,225	402,780	154,330	248,450
$20,000 to $29,999	140,305	60,365	79,940	420,955	166,650	254,300
$30,000 to $39,999	126,395	57,435	68,960	377,590	169,665	207,925
$40,000 to $49,999	114,985	54,740	60,245	347,960	172,595	175,365
$50,000 to $59,999	94,245	48,400	45,845	276,970	153,985	122,985
$60,000 to $69,999	71,435	39,420	32,015	208,265	127,045	81,220
$70,000 to $79,999	57,830	31,845	25,985	160,580	100,970	59,610
$80,000 and over	111,300	73,345	37,950	460,030	333,895	126,140
$80,000 to $89,999	39,825	23,780	16,050	121,015	78,400	42,620
$90,000 to $99,999	22,995	15,105	7,885	82,020	57,375	24,645
$100,000 and over	48,475	34,465	14,010	257,000	198,120	58,875
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	1,068,405	517,455	550,950	3,206,050	1,602,690	1,603,360
Without employment income	312,970	133,935	179,035	732,385	301,060	431,330
With employment income	755,430	383,520	371,910	2,473,665	1,301,630	1,172,035
Percentage with employment income	70.7	74.1	67.5	77.2	81.2	73.1
Under $5,000 (including loss)	98,645	48,695	49,950	273,835	122,830	151,005
$5,000 to $9,999	57,170	25,615	31,560	164,095	68,100	95,990
$10,000 to $19,999	92,395	41,745	50,655	274,105	113,680	160,430
$20,000 to $29,999	73,645	34,000	39,645	235,620	96,855	138,760
$30,000 to $39,999	67,775	32,060	35,715	227,450	100,650	126,805
$40,000 to $49,999	64,035	30,445	33,590	219,155	103,680	115,475
$50,000 to $59,999	58,025	28,210	29,820	195,145	99,285	95,860
$60,000 to $69,999	49,640	25,515	24,130	163,465	92,950	70,515
$70,000 to $79,999	39,445	21,460	17,985	135,150	83,240	51,910
$80,000 and over	154,650	95,785	58,860	585,640	420,365	165,280
$80,000 to $89,999	37,405	20,250	17,150	111,045	71,210	39,835
$90,000 to $99,999	33,595	18,115	15,485	99,785	62,305	37,480
$100,000 and over	83,650	57,420	26,230	374,815	286,855	87,960
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	528,305	...	...	1,527,680	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	80,301	...	...	93,835	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	69,423	...	...	80,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	146,030	...	...	366,080	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	42,318	...	...	47,948	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	37,295	...	...	41,502	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	382,270	...	...	1,161,600	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	99,098	...	...	111,435	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	85,240	...	...	94,830	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	528,305	...	...	1,527,675	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	99,137	...	...	125,522	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	81,536	...	...	101,361	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	146,050	...	...	365,000	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	52,335	...	...	64,341	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	43,038	...	...	52,116	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	382,250	...	...	1,162,675	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	117,020	...	...	144,729	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	96,246	...	...	116,821	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	528,305	...	...	1,527,680	...	...
Under $5,000	7,725	...	...	21,660	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	6,650	...	...	13,555	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	13,535	...	...	18,070	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	17,925	...	...	33,045	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	17,370	...	...	51,505	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	17,225	...	...	38,615	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	18,305	...	...	42,580	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	18,665	...	...	46,630	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	18,980	...	...	46,520	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	18,710	...	...	46,825	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	37,200	...	...	95,425	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	36,680	...	...	95,340	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	34,135	...	...	92,345	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	32,565	...	...	88,775	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	30,320	...	...	84,570	...	...
$100,000 and over	202,320	...	...	712,215	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	60,890	...	...	184,595	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	43,895	...	...	142,910	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	53,260	...	...	181,960	...	...
$200,000 and over	44,275	...	...	202,745	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	528,300	...	...	1,527,680	...	...
Under $5,000	8,230	...	...	23,395	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	6,775	...	...	13,860	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	13,735	...	...	18,600	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	18,655	...	...	34,540	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	19,420	...	...	55,010	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	19,415	...	...	44,170	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	21,545	...	...	50,280	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	22,745	...	...	55,645	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	23,405	...	...	57,695	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	23,335	...	...	59,195	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	46,250	...	...	119,200	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	43,115	...	...	116,250	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	40,780	...	...	112,675	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	36,705	...	...	106,235	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	31,330	...	...	95,600	...	...
$100,000 and over	152,875	...	...	565,335	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	59,070	...	...	192,795	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	38,795	...	...	132,240	...	...
$150,000 and over	55,005	...	...	240,305	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	364,840	...	...	1,099,900	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	100,314	...	...	109,997	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	86,047	...	...	93,588	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	144,295	...	...	407,300	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	92,074	...	...	101,283	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	79,193	...	...	86,043	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	156,455	...	...	511,375	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	128,890	...	...	133,186	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	108,934	...	...	111,951	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	4.0	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	53,925	...	...	146,045	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	57,994	...	...	62,909	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	53,035	...	...	57,079	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	364,860	...	...	1,101,485	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	118,406	...	...	144,493	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	97,149	...	...	116,343	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	144,365	...	...	408,625	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	109,150	...	...	137,805	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	89,098	...	...	110,236	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	156,355	...	...	512,615	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	145,594	...	...	169,354	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	118,531	...	...	135,623	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	53,865	...	...	145,115	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	68,415	...	...	80,406	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	59,337	...	...	68,470	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	197,805	93,510	104,295	577,475	308,835	268,640
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	35,958	35,546	36,290	42,598	47,903	37,344
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	32,419	31,894	32,836	37,648	41,340	33,785
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	197,190	92,925	104,265	573,385	306,195	267,190
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	46,520	47,036	46,061	56,856	63,468	49,280
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	38,697	38,751	38,649	46,559	50,990	41,481
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	1,280,925	625,630	655,295	3,978,150	1,998,500	1,979,650
In the bottom half of the distribution	533,790	254,825	278,960	1,527,695	739,210	788,485
In the bottom decile	118,940	58,140	60,800	293,490	143,880	149,605
In the second decile	107,085	49,195	57,890	278,635	128,055	150,575
In the third decile	98,505	46,820	51,680	297,695	142,090	155,605
In the fourth decile	100,120	48,015	52,110	315,570	154,815	160,760
In the fifth decile	109,140	52,650	56,490	342,305	170,375	171,935
In the top half of the distribution	747,130	370,805	376,330	2,450,450	1,259,285	1,191,160
In the sixth decile	119,780	58,225	61,560	366,250	183,860	182,390
In the seventh decile	132,115	64,815	67,305	397,275	201,465	195,810
In the eighth decile	149,505	74,150	75,355	443,585	227,385	216,200
In the ninth decile	174,810	87,145	87,665	522,545	268,995	253,555
In the top decile	170,925	86,470	84,450	720,795	377,585	343,215
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	1,279,500	624,970	654,530	3,925,220	1,971,735	1,953,485
0 to 17 years	256,865	130,880	125,985	893,255	458,330	434,925
0 to 5 years	80,745	41,140	39,605	310,080	158,825	151,260
18 to 64 years	817,780	398,835	418,945	2,580,730	1,298,440	1,282,295
65 years and over	204,855	95,255	109,600	451,235	214,965	236,265
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	165,325	77,805	87,515	363,890	171,945	191,940
0 to 17 years	42,300	21,870	20,430	114,215	58,665	55,555
0 to 5 years	14,410	7,530	6,885	41,755	21,350	20,400
18 to 64 years	101,295	47,460	53,830	210,870	98,415	112,455
65 years and over	21,735	8,480	13,255	38,800	14,875	23,925
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	12.9	12.4	13.4	9.3	8.7	9.8
0 to 17 years (%)	16.5	16.7	16.2	12.8	12.8	12.8
0 to 5 years (%)	17.8	18.3	17.4	13.5	13.4	13.5
18 to 64 years (%)	12.4	11.9	12.8	8.2	7.6	8.8
65 years and over (%)	10.6	8.9	12.1	8.6	6.9	10.1
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	116,760	57,030	59,735	273,515	134,180	139,335
0 to 17 years	26,470	13,630	12,835	76,930	39,385	37,550
0 to 5 years	9,130	4,770	4,360	28,190	14,420	13,770
18 to 64 years	81,100	39,865	41,235	181,805	88,715	93,095
65 years and over	9,195	3,530	5,665	14,780	6,085	8,695
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	9.1	9.1	9.1	7.0	6.8	7.1
0 to 17 years (%)	10.3	10.4	10.2	8.6	8.6	8.6
0 to 5 years (%)	11.3	11.6	11.0	9.1	9.1	9.1
18 to 64 years (%)	9.9	10.0	9.8	7.0	6.8	7.3
65 years and over (%)	4.5	3.7	5.2	3.3	2.8	3.7
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	1,280,925	625,630	655,295	3,978,145	1,998,500	1,979,645
Official languages	1,266,705	620,015	646,685	3,920,530	1,974,435	1,946,095
English	1,243,200	610,095	633,100	3,916,805	1,972,800	1,944,005
French	492,145	226,905	265,230	264,600	123,940	140,660
Non-official languages	297,100	139,165	157,940	1,082,425	527,770	554,655
Aboriginal languages	2,055	825	1,230	36,465	17,415	19,045
Algonquian languages	575	235	340	29,675	14,120	15,555
Blackfoot	0	0	0	5,575	2,665	2,905
Cree-Montagnais languages	220	85	135	23,465	11,155	12,310
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	25	0	15
Naskapi	20	10	10	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	30	10	10	90	20	70
Plains Cree	10	0	10	1,580	620	965
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	10	10	0
Swampy Cree	55	20	35	45	25	25
Woods Cree	20	10	15	1,135	525	610
Cree, n.o.s.	90	35	55	20,665	9,990	10,675
Eastern Algonquian languages	50	30	20	35	15	15
Malecite	10	10	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	40	25	20	35	15	15
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	305	115	185	955	425	530
Algonquin	70	35	35	10	10	0
Ojibway	215	80	135	925	415	505
Oji-Cree	15	10	10	20	10	15
Ottawa (Odawa)	10	0	0	0	0	10
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Athabaskan languages	20	0	20	2,640	1,255	1,385
Northern Athabaskan languages	20	0	15	2,630	1,250	1,380
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	10	0
Beaver	0	0	0	85	50	35
Carrier	0	0	0	45	10	35
Chilcotin	10	0	10	20	15	10
Dene	15	0	10	2,010	975	1,035
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	75	30	45
Gwich'in	0	0	0	10	0	10
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	150	65	85
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	285	140	145
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	25	15	10
South Slavey	0	0	0	190	90	100
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	75	35	45
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	10	0	0	0	0	10
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	10	0	10
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Haida	0	0	0	10	0	10
Inuit languages	635	240	395	135	50	80
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	10	0	10	35	10	25
Inuktitut	580	225	355	60	20	35
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	50	15	35	40	25	20
Iroquoian languages	825	345	475	40	25	10
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	10	0
Mohawk	810	345	470	35	25	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0	10	10
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	145	75	70
Salish languages	0	0	10	50	25	25
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	10	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	15	10	10
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	10	0	10
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	10	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	10	0	10
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	4,050	2,005	2,045
Dakota	0	0	0	530	285	245
Stoney	0	0	0	3,650	1,790	1,855
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Tlingit	0	0	0	10	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	10	35	15	15
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	20	10	10
Nisga'a	0	0	0	15	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	10	0	10	10	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	10	0	0	10	10	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	10	30	15	15
Non-Aboriginal languages	295,135	138,385	156,750	1,046,245	510,495	535,750
Afro-Asiatic languages	62,485	31,325	31,165	96,210	50,675	45,535
Berber languages	540	285	255	540	335	205
Kabyle	420	220	195	225	125	90
Berber languages, n.i.e.	120	60	60	315	210	110
Cushitic languages	9,300	4,165	5,140	15,445	8,055	7,385
Bilen	90	55	35	370	235	135
Oromo	380	170	205	3,125	1,625	1,500
Somali	8,770	3,900	4,875	12,030	6,240	5,795
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	135	55	85	55	20	40
Semitic languages	53,645	27,350	26,295	82,200	43,405	38,800
Amharic	1,995	940	1,055	10,870	5,595	5,275
Arabic	48,950	25,110	23,840	62,730	33,365	29,370
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	80	35	50	430	225	210
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	150	70	75
Harari	40	25	15	340	150	185
Hebrew	1,960	1,030	930	3,250	1,650	1,600
Maltese	80	30	50	145	85	55
Tigrigna	1,185	495	700	7,315	3,915	3,400
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	240	150	85	450	250	205
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	135	65	70	375	225	145
Austro-Asiatic languages	8,860	4,175	4,685	32,730	15,440	17,290
Khmer (Cambodian)	1,540	695	840	2,700	1,375	1,330
Vietnamese	7,365	3,505	3,865	30,150	14,130	16,015
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	15	0	10
Austronesian languages	10,720	3,925	6,795	145,745	63,615	82,130
Bikol	40	10	25	330	150	180
Cebuano	590	210	380	6,690	2,940	3,750
Fijian	10	0	10	340	195	145
Hiligaynon	170	55	115	1,760	745	1,020
Ilocano	745	305	440	7,370	3,160	4,215
Malagasy	105	55	50	80	40	40
Malay	645	285	365	3,040	1,435	1,610
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	65	20	45	1,185	565	625
Pangasinan	65	30	35	445	190	250
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	9,605	3,440	6,165	138,440	60,115	78,325
Waray-Waray	40	10	30	420	170	245
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	110	50	60	1,160	505	650
Creole languages	9,615	4,050	5,565	4,585	2,390	2,195
Haitian Creole	475	180	295	255	140	115
Creole, n.o.s.	8,535	3,595	4,940	2,675	1,425	1,250
Creole languages, n.i.e.	650	285	365	1,680	840	850
Dravidian languages	5,580	2,835	2,745	18,190	9,660	8,525
Kannada	480	235	240	1,035	520	515
Malayalam	850	390	460	8,150	4,255	3,900
Tamil	3,825	1,965	1,860	7,195	3,900	3,295
Telugu	795	420	370	2,910	1,560	1,345
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	30	20	10	150	80	70
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	115	55	55
Indo-European languages	145,855	68,520	77,330	550,490	274,510	275,980
Albanian	795	385	405	2,880	1,550	1,325
Armenian	695	365	330	530	255	275
Balto-Slavic languages	26,310	12,060	14,250	93,150	44,750	48,395
Baltic languages	625	270	355	1,360	660	705
Latvian	325	130	200	590	300	290
Lithuanian	305	145	155	775	360	415
Slavic languages	25,785	11,820	13,960	92,300	44,340	47,960
Belarusan	125	60	65	200	95	105
Bosnian	1,025	475	555	2,880	1,450	1,435
Bulgarian	1,065	490	575	1,795	945	850
Croatian	1,940	965	975	6,280	3,260	3,025
Czech	1,515	660	850	3,590	1,650	1,940
Macedonian	105	40	65	535	270	265
Polish	7,165	3,285	3,880	23,650	11,455	12,195
Russian	9,590	4,410	5,185	27,375	13,195	14,175
Serbian	2,165	1,055	1,110	5,355	2,630	2,730
Serbo-Croatian	570	295	275	1,095	550	540
Slovak	980	420	570	2,780	1,495	1,285
Slovene (Slovenian)	295	130	160	735	360	375
Ukrainian	2,510	1,065	1,445	26,600	11,980	14,620
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	60	20	40	250	120	130
Celtic languages	465	210	255	1,180	615	560
Scottish Gaelic	185	85	100	440	215	225
Welsh	110	35	65	315	180	130
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	180	90	90	450	220	225
Germanic languages	22,825	10,810	12,020	112,670	56,325	56,345
Afrikaans	485	245	235	5,165	2,655	2,515
Danish	530	240	285	2,800	1,360	1,440
Dutch	4,855	2,240	2,610	19,480	9,595	9,890
Frisian	165	75	90	475	275	205
German	15,940	7,615	8,330	83,010	41,905	41,105
Icelandic	55	25	30	160	70	95
Norwegian	395	155	240	1,450	635	810
Swedish	710	340	365	1,635	800	835
Vlaams (Flemish)	125	70	60	380	170	215
Yiddish	410	210	200	250	130	115
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	30	20	15	2,115	1,095	1,015
Greek	3,650	1,875	1,770	4,935	2,535	2,400
Indo-Iranian languages	37,370	18,925	18,445	206,725	106,045	100,675
Indo-Aryan languages	27,590	14,010	13,585	186,005	95,045	90,960
Bengali	4,490	2,310	2,185	8,530	4,385	4,140
Gujarati	2,480	1,325	1,155	18,005	8,945	9,055
Hindi	10,660	5,500	5,160	61,290	31,900	29,385
Kashmiri	10	10	0	125	80	45
Konkani	145	80	65	625	300	320
Marathi	580	320	265	2,575	1,385	1,195
Nepali	1,280	645	635	5,510	3,000	2,510
Oriya (Odia)	75	40	30	255	135	120
Punjabi (Panjabi)	6,690	3,465	3,225	90,485	46,350	44,135
Sindhi	520	230	290	4,595	2,065	2,530
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	1,105	500	600	3,800	1,925	1,875
Urdu	8,140	4,075	4,065	41,235	21,245	20,000
Iranian languages	10,330	5,220	5,110	22,140	11,665	10,475
Kurdish	755	400	355	1,930	1,100	825
Pashto	1,465	795	675	3,330	1,795	1,530
Persian (Farsi)	8,890	4,455	4,435	17,600	9,220	8,375
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	200	120	85	1,760	960	805
Italic (Romance) languages	59,585	26,685	32,905	142,340	69,885	72,450
Catalan	80	40	45	170	95	80
Italian	16,735	7,985	8,745	19,900	9,875	10,020
Portuguese	6,525	3,200	3,325	12,670	6,255	6,415
Romanian	2,985	1,405	1,580	9,915	5,185	4,735
Spanish	36,760	15,725	21,030	104,445	50,960	53,490
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	140	75	65	250	130	125
Japanese	2,705	1,290	1,410	9,215	4,115	5,100
Kartvelian languages	45	20	25	225	130	100
Georgian	45	15	30	230	130	100
Korean	2,705	1,160	1,545	19,950	9,405	10,545
Mongolic languages	40	25	20	800	375	430
Mongolian	40	20	20	800	370	430
Niger-Congo languages	10,840	4,810	6,035	29,430	14,980	14,450
Akan (Twi)	630	330	300	2,925	1,505	1,420
Bamanankan	160	75	85	60	30	30
Edo	95	40	60	620	325	290
Ewe	205	85	125	335	170	165
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	165	65	95	300	165	135
Ga	170	90	85	345	190	155
Ganda	220	75	145	610	305	305
Igbo	320	170	145	2,550	1,345	1,210
Lingala	1,775	740	1,030	1,240	640	605
Rundi (Kirundi)	1,600	655	945	830	420	410
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	975	360	615	1,155	605	550
Shona	175	60	115	1,810	850	960
Swahili	3,120	1,370	1,750	6,700	3,470	3,235
Wolof	210	115	95	600	365	235
Yoruba	770	405	365	5,930	3,035	2,890
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	2,380	1,095	1,285	6,585	3,265	3,320
Nilo-Saharan languages	320	140	185	3,070	1,495	1,575
Dinka	190	85	105	1,655	825	825
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	135	55	80	1,425	675	750
Sign languages	2,270	850	1,420	5,910	2,350	3,555
American Sign Language	1,115	370	745	3,085	1,130	1,955
Quebec Sign Language	190	55	140	0	0	10
Sign languages, n.i.e.	1,025	445	580	2,855	1,230	1,625
Sino-Tibetan languages	37,235	17,600	19,630	141,860	67,945	73,915
Chinese languages	36,350	17,180	19,170	139,385	66,700	72,685
Cantonese	12,955	6,160	6,790	74,770	35,490	39,280
Hakka	270	125	140	1,180	515	660
Mandarin	24,965	11,505	13,450	70,510	33,310	37,195
Min Dong	40	15	25	85	50	40
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	1,065	475	585	4,140	1,765	2,380
Wu (Shanghainese)	420	205	220	855	380	470
Chinese, n.o.s.	1,155	625	530	6,335	3,160	3,175
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	55	25	35
Tibeto-Burman languages	920	440	480	2,590	1,290	1,300
Burmese	305	145	160	605	305	295
Karenic languages	370	180	185	805	415	390
Tibetan	50	30	25	860	430	430
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	360	155	210	445	215	235
Tai-Kadai languages	1,090	435	655	3,705	1,510	2,195
Lao	480	210	270	1,520	730	795
Thai	690	255	435	2,400	850	1,545
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	45	25	25
Turkic languages	2,565	1,270	1,290	5,795	3,180	2,625
Azerbaijani	140	80	60	630	325	300
Turkish	2,205	1,105	1,100	4,255	2,420	1,835
Uyghur	40	25	10	290	135	155
Uzbek	75	20	60	425	200	225
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	150	70	85	355	170	180
Uralic languages	3,010	1,480	1,530	8,895	4,315	4,575
Estonian	260	125	135	185	85	105
Finnish	550	250	305	1,045	455	590
Hungarian	2,210	1,110	1,100	7,660	3,770	3,890
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	405	245	155	1,820	1,025	790
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	1,280,920	625,630	655,290	3,978,145	1,998,495	1,979,645
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	1,213,385	593,580	619,810	3,622,740	1,825,135	1,797,600
Canadian citizens aged under 18	247,125	125,995	121,135	854,815	439,065	415,755
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	966,260	467,590	498,675	2,767,920	1,386,070	1,381,850
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	67,535	32,050	35,485	355,410	173,365	182,045
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	1,280,925	625,630	655,295	3,978,145	1,998,495	1,979,650
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	1,026,140	505,660	520,480	3,062,775	1,550,445	1,512,335
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	238,975	111,800	127,175	845,220	412,320	432,895
Before 1981	66,695	31,970	34,730	163,460	81,620	81,840
1981 to 1990	32,395	15,440	16,950	86,350	41,690	44,660
1991 to 2000	52,150	23,635	28,510	131,560	62,930	68,630
2001 to 2010	56,430	25,885	30,545	256,055	125,235	130,820
2001 to 2005	26,690	12,195	14,490	109,145	53,425	55,720
2006 to 2010	29,740	13,690	16,050	146,910	71,810	75,100
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	31,305	14,865	16,440	207,790	100,845	106,945
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	15,805	8,170	7,635	70,155	35,735	34,420
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	238,975	111,805	127,175	845,220	412,320	432,895
Under 5 years	27,285	13,505	13,780	82,175	42,200	39,975
5 to 14 years	43,365	22,030	21,335	149,815	77,820	71,995
15 to 24 years	50,890	22,690	28,205	168,965	78,215	90,755
25 to 44 years	97,845	44,900	52,945	372,805	180,265	192,535
45 years and over	19,585	8,680	10,915	71,450	33,820	37,630
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	238,980	111,800	127,175	845,215	412,325	432,895
Americas	36,870	15,975	20,900	103,540	49,345	54,190
Brazil	1,015	455	560	2,545	1,100	1,440
Colombia	1,295	500	800	9,535	4,570	4,960
El Salvador	1,780	820	960	7,255	3,725	3,530
Guyana	1,520	710	810	2,555	1,200	1,355
Haiti	6,490	2,700	3,795	1,270	675	600
Jamaica	3,200	1,395	1,810	6,845	3,170	3,680
Mexico	1,405	575	830	15,665	7,860	7,805
Peru	845	380	465	1,920	780	1,140
Trinidad and Tobago	1,390	560	830	3,415	1,670	1,750
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	10,970	4,780	6,190	30,460	13,675	16,785
Other places of birth in Americas	6,955	3,105	3,850	22,075	10,925	11,150
Europe	68,875	33,035	35,845	189,770	95,355	94,415
Bosnia and Herzegovina	1,625	790	835	4,555	2,325	2,230
Croatia	870	425	445	3,080	1,615	1,465
France	2,620	1,185	1,440	2,535	1,215	1,320
Germany	5,450	2,465	2,990	19,205	9,485	9,715
Greece	1,175	625	555	2,005	1,115	890
Hungary	1,015	530	485	3,665	1,880	1,785
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	990	440	550	3,935	2,100	1,835
Italy	5,850	3,065	2,785	8,110	4,370	3,745
Netherlands	3,750	1,850	1,905	14,035	7,420	6,610
Poland	4,520	2,035	2,485	16,925	8,045	8,880
Portugal	2,130	1,080	1,045	4,050	1,985	2,070
Romania	2,530	1,205	1,330	7,725	3,930	3,795
Russian Federation	2,985	1,285	1,695	7,260	3,135	4,125
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	935	445	490	2,255	1,080	1,170
Ukraine	1,835	865	970	8,150	3,700	4,455
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	21,695	10,710	10,985	59,215	30,280	28,935
Other places of birth in Europe	8,895	4,040	4,855	23,060	11,670	11,390
Africa	31,240	14,385	16,850	89,740	46,705	43,030
Algeria	1,075	515	565	1,340	715	625
Egypt	3,535	1,850	1,680	5,320	2,940	2,375
Ethiopia	2,235	1,025	1,210	10,570	5,355	5,215
Kenya	1,105	565	535	5,120	2,555	2,565
Morocco	1,275	585	690	1,695	1,005	695
Nigeria	1,305	590	710	12,405	6,520	5,880
Somalia	3,895	1,495	2,405	7,060	3,665	3,395
South Africa, Republic of	975	525	450	7,355	3,670	3,685
Other places of birth in Africa	15,845	7,240	8,605	38,865	20,275	18,590
Asia	100,970	47,855	53,120	452,225	215,955	236,265
Afghanistan	2,435	1,235	1,200	5,190	2,765	2,430
Bangladesh	2,780	1,440	1,340	5,085	2,590	2,500
China^{Census data footnote 59}	17,905	7,735	10,165	57,690	26,510	31,185
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	3,095	1,565	1,530	19,110	9,265	9,850
India	11,020	5,530	5,495	91,660	46,625	45,035
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	4,485	2,245	2,240	8,910	4,655	4,250
Iraq	3,585	1,915	1,665	5,935	3,205	2,730
Japan	770	205	565	3,065	905	2,160
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	1,795	795	1,005	13,850	6,530	7,320
Lebanon	11,230	5,875	5,360	10,395	5,640	4,750
Pakistan	4,360	2,155	2,200	28,075	14,630	13,445
Philippines	9,380	3,470	5,915	123,830	54,075	69,755
Sri Lanka	2,640	1,265	1,380	4,835	2,475	2,365
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	3,215	1,645	1,575	4,800	2,515	2,280
Taiwan	870	370	495	3,455	1,460	2,000
Viet Nam	5,725	2,615	3,115	27,080	12,645	14,435
Other places of birth in Asia	15,670	7,800	7,870	39,250	19,485	19,765
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	1,015	555	460	9,940	4,950	4,990
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	31,305	14,870	16,440	207,790	100,845	106,945
Americas	4,390	2,010	2,375	20,060	9,660	10,400
Brazil	145	80	60	860	370	490
Colombia	190	80	110	2,295	1,020	1,275
Cuba	135	80	60	465	215	255
Haiti	1,325	560	760	385	240	150
Jamaica	115	70	50	1,660	765	895
Mexico	275	110	160	4,405	2,250	2,150
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	1,365	695	675	4,645	2,130	2,515
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	125	35	90	1,570	745	820
Other places of birth in Americas	710	300	410	3,785	1,930	1,855
Europe	2,795	1,375	1,420	20,870	10,830	10,045
France	325	175	145	425	240	180
Germany	185	90	95	1,370	710	655
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	70	45	25	1,355	835	520
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	40	15	20	715	365	350
Romania	120	60	60	1,100	545	555
Russian Federation	365	145	215	1,235	430	805
Ukraine	220	105	115	2,340	1,060	1,280
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	720	380	335	6,225	3,570	2,650
Other places of birth in Europe	755	350	405	6,100	3,065	3,040
Africa	6,265	2,815	3,450	27,770	14,165	13,610
Algeria	140	50	85	255	115	135
Cameroon	345	165	175	1,055	515	545
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	720	270	455	805	365	440
Côte d'Ivoire	170	55	115	420	210	210
Egypt	785	425	360	1,940	1,045	895
Eritrea	250	115	135	2,390	1,335	1,055
Ethiopia	335	115	215	3,445	1,670	1,780
Morocco	170	75	95	515	265	250
Nigeria	385	165	215	6,110	3,200	2,910
Somalia	355	155	205	2,120	1,110	1,010
South Africa, Republic of	115	55	65	1,590	800	785
Tunisia	100	40	60	255	135	125
Other places of birth in Africa	2,395	1,130	1,265	6,870	3,400	3,470
Asia	17,690	8,580	9,110	137,110	65,055	72,050
Afghanistan	535	270	260	810	435	375
Bangladesh	535	265	270	1,355	635	715
China^{Census data footnote 59}	2,650	1,115	1,535	10,525	4,700	5,825
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	85	45	35	750	305	450
India	2,025	1,110	920	28,820	14,915	13,900
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	795	380	420	3,265	1,665	1,600
Iraq	1,080	565	515	2,010	1,045	960
Israel	190	105	80	480	250	230
Japan	115	30	85	665	195	475
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	230	85	145	3,840	1,710	2,125
Lebanon	910	485	430	1,470	755	710
Nepal	290	165	125	2,615	1,380	1,240
Pakistan	660	360	300	6,910	3,420	3,490
Philippines	2,760	1,120	1,640	59,390	26,960	32,435
Saudi Arabia	365	205	155	820	435	385
Sri Lanka	240	105	135	1,345	650	695
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	1,895	1,020	875	3,340	1,705	1,630
Taiwan	45	30	20	505	165	340
Turkey	185	95	90	390	215	180
United Arab Emirates	340	210	130	810	430	375
Viet Nam	200	80	115	2,040	795	1,240
Other places of birth in Asia	1,570	745	825	4,965	2,285	2,680
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	170	90	70	1,980	1,135	845
Australia	145	90	60	1,065	600	465
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	20	0	15	915	535	375
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	1,280,920	625,630	655,290	3,978,145	1,998,500	1,979,650
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	265,840	125,760	140,080	938,500	460,015	478,480
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	229,190	114,790	114,405	742,455	374,065	368,390
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	785,890	385,080	400,805	2,297,195	1,164,420	1,132,775
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	175,665	81,505	94,155	694,945	337,380	357,565
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	80,850	40,235	40,610	387,275	195,845	191,430
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	33,605	20,670	12,935	154,700	96,855	57,850
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	47,245	19,565	27,680	232,570	98,990	133,575
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	51,860	20,490	31,370	198,575	81,650	116,920
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	40,840	19,920	20,920	103,785	57,130	46,650
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	2,120	860	1,255	5,320	2,745	2,570
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	1,280,920	625,630	655,295	3,978,145	1,998,495	1,979,650
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	36,625	17,215	19,405	258,640	125,445	133,195
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	34,910	16,470	18,440	253,460	123,115	130,340
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	19,195	9,020	10,175	136,585	65,755	70,835
Métis	14,315	6,830	7,490	114,370	56,170	58,200
Inuk (Inuit)	1,400	625	775	2,500	1,195	1,305
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	795	325	470	2,905	1,350	1,555
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	920	420	500	2,280	975	1,300
Non-Aboriginal identity	1,244,295	608,415	635,885	3,719,505	1,873,055	1,846,450
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	1,280,920	625,630	655,295	3,978,145	1,998,500	1,979,645
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	10,625	4,930	5,700	123,235	59,065	64,170
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	1,270,295	620,705	649,590	3,854,915	1,939,430	1,915,475
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	1,280,925	625,630	655,295	3,978,145	1,998,500	1,979,645
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	8,045	3,670	4,375	103,600	50,680	52,915
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	7,900	3,605	4,295	99,940	48,860	51,070
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	5,825	2,720	3,105	81,685	39,815	41,870
Métis single ancestry	1,440	590	855	17,515	8,690	8,820
Inuit single ancestry	635	300	335	735	355	380
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	145	65	80	3,665	1,820	1,845
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	115	50	70	3,490	1,725	1,765
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	20	0	15	105	55	50
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	50	35	15
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	10	0	0	20	0	15
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	58,745	27,465	31,280	200,215	97,055	103,160
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	57,270	26,870	30,395	189,830	92,295	97,530
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	40,160	18,720	21,445	104,875	50,595	54,280
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	16,030	7,680	8,345	82,585	40,530	42,060
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	1,075	470	605	2,365	1,170	1,195
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	1,475	595	885	10,385	4,760	5,625
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	1,370	555	810	9,760	4,465	5,295
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	60	25	35	310	155	155
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	50	15	30	270	110	160
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	40	25	20
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	1,214,130	594,495	619,635	3,674,330	1,850,760	1,823,570
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	1,280,925	625,630	655,290	3,978,145	1,998,495	1,979,645
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	251,225	120,970	130,255	933,165	461,460	471,705
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	41,545	21,150	20,395	230,930	118,535	112,390
Chinese	42,110	20,005	22,110	158,200	77,035	81,165
Black	62,690	29,340	33,350	129,390	66,960	62,440
Filipino	12,820	5,055	7,765	166,195	74,770	91,425
Latin American	11,730	5,280	6,445	55,090	27,560	27,525
Arab	41,605	21,715	19,895	56,700	30,245	26,450
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	12,745	6,015	6,735	43,985	21,025	22,960
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	9,275	4,725	4,550	20,980	11,010	9,965
Korean	3,125	1,435	1,690	21,275	10,130	11,145
Japanese	2,595	1,105	1,490	12,165	5,495	6,670
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	2,780	1,255	1,525	9,900	4,700	5,205
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	8,215	3,910	4,305	28,360	13,985	14,375
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	1,029,700	504,660	525,040	3,044,980	1,537,040	1,507,940
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	1,280,920	625,630	655,290	3,978,150	1,998,500	1,979,645
North American Aboriginal origins	66,790	31,135	35,660	303,815	147,735	156,075
First Nations (North American Indian)	47,560	22,075	25,480	200,290	96,845	103,445
Inuit	1,850	825	1,025	3,900	1,915	1,985
Métis	19,015	8,895	10,120	113,735	55,590	58,150
Other North American origins	452,815	221,755	231,055	955,040	486,735	468,305
Acadian	4,610	2,250	2,360	5,545	2,970	2,570
American	15,885	7,640	8,240	72,355	35,480	36,875
Canadian	438,800	214,805	223,995	902,315	460,335	441,975
New Brunswicker	50	30	20	50	35	15
Newfoundlander	885	535	350	1,985	1,135	850
Nova Scotian	140	80	60	190	115	70
Ontarian	520	240	285	110	65	45
Québécois	1,185	615	565	1,380	750	630
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	60	45	15	415	210	205
European origins	838,825	409,795	429,040	2,580,720	1,292,280	1,288,440
British Isles origins	570,025	278,510	291,520	1,581,265	787,205	794,060
Channel Islander	140	35	105	225	115	115
Cornish	105	60	45	210	90	115
English	283,610	139,040	144,575	899,440	444,010	455,440
Irish	287,915	136,545	151,370	596,750	288,710	308,040
Manx	245	140	105	945	450	495
Scottish	253,600	124,050	129,550	704,205	347,740	356,460
Welsh	22,705	10,885	11,820	80,455	38,715	41,740
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	42,875	20,075	22,805	90,865	44,055	46,815
French origins	274,805	131,260	143,550	411,560	201,160	210,395
Alsatian	85	40	45	200	120	80
Breton	160	90	70	60	25	35
Corsican	55	40	15	125	65	70
French	274,665	131,170	143,495	411,315	201,030	210,290
Western European origins (except French origins)	164,140	80,255	83,885	915,185	455,115	460,065
Austrian	6,915	3,375	3,545	39,530	19,225	20,305
Bavarian	75	25	50	110	60	55
Belgian	5,740	2,765	2,980	21,210	10,320	10,890
Dutch	47,420	23,760	23,660	195,720	97,735	97,990
Flemish	540	280	260	2,005	870	1,140
Frisian	260	145	120	685	380	305
German	110,025	53,225	56,800	712,955	353,755	359,195
Luxembourger	175	100	75	680	355	320
Swiss	6,220	3,060	3,160	24,310	11,905	12,410
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	160	80	85	830	390	440
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	29,325	14,665	14,655	329,990	159,695	170,295
Danish	6,790	3,500	3,290	60,380	29,240	31,135
Finnish	4,820	2,430	2,390	17,755	8,780	8,975
Icelandic	1,740	825	915	20,225	10,050	10,175
Norwegian	7,890	3,930	3,955	156,595	75,160	81,430
Swedish	8,465	4,035	4,430	97,840	46,445	51,385
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	1,860	1,050	805	13,515	7,005	6,505
Eastern European origins	102,390	49,340	53,050	685,270	336,430	348,845
Bulgarian	1,530	715	815	2,935	1,510	1,425
Byelorussian	870	420	445	2,200	1,165	1,035
Czech	4,285	2,000	2,285	20,865	10,405	10,460
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	905	395	510	10,055	4,800	5,255
Estonian	1,090	495	600	2,715	1,240	1,470
Hungarian	10,490	5,080	5,410	56,270	27,385	28,885
Latvian	1,290	540	745	3,245	1,585	1,660
Lithuanian	2,795	1,395	1,395	6,090	2,915	3,175
Moldovan	395	165	230	1,585	790	790
Polish	39,265	18,805	20,460	186,510	91,115	95,395
Romanian	6,855	3,335	3,525	34,230	16,520	17,710
Russian	17,075	7,905	9,170	107,800	51,840	55,960
Slovak	3,025	1,435	1,595	11,010	5,495	5,515
Ukrainian	29,875	14,590	15,285	369,090	181,600	187,490
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	1,110	585	525	1,910	1,015	895
Southern European origins	94,885	46,295	48,590	215,725	107,495	108,230
Albanian	1,105	545	560	2,935	1,555	1,385
Bosnian	1,275	605	670	3,870	1,985	1,890
Catalan	25	10	15	85	55	25
Croatian	3,840	1,845	1,995	14,220	7,535	6,690
Cypriot	180	75	110	160	90	70
Greek	8,425	4,275	4,150	15,025	7,790	7,235
Italian	54,455	27,045	27,405	101,265	50,975	50,285
Kosovar	60	30	30	420	210	210
Macedonian	650	250	395	1,015	485	535
Maltese	820	425	395	1,560	845	715
Montenegrin	170	85	85	290	185	105
Portuguese	10,425	5,055	5,370	22,385	11,395	10,985
Serbian	2,805	1,390	1,410	7,755	3,875	3,875
Sicilian	290	145	145	330	160	170
Slovenian	1,375	685	690	3,885	2,010	1,875
Spanish	14,045	6,215	7,830	48,055	22,225	25,835
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	965	455	515	5,120	2,495	2,625
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	65	25	45	245	120	125
Other European origins	9,415	4,790	4,625	22,805	11,700	11,105
Basque	300	170	130	425	210	215
Jewish	6,330	3,260	3,075	9,780	4,890	4,885
Roma (Gypsy)	120	55	70	465	220	245
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	225	105	125	995	505	490
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	2,495	1,240	1,255	11,255	5,940	5,310
Caribbean origins	27,530	12,470	15,065	36,120	18,050	18,070
Antiguan	285	155	130	455	265	190
Bahamian	175	120	60	310	180	130
Barbadian	1,415	605	815	2,065	980	1,080
Bermudan	155	90	70	210	120	90
Carib	115	40	75	135	45	85
Cuban	1,175	540	635	2,175	1,110	1,060
Dominican	795	360	435	930	530	395
Grenadian	315	155	155	595	300	295
Guadeloupean	10	10	0	0	0	0
Haitian	10,240	4,570	5,670	2,235	1,210	1,025
Jamaican	8,435	3,875	4,560	17,325	8,540	8,785
Kittitian/Nevisian	55	20	35	95	65	30
Martinican	30	15	15	10	0	0
Montserratan	45	25	20	30	10	25
Puerto Rican	155	75	80	460	225	240
St. Lucian	810	310	495	595	295	300
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	2,245	1,040	1,205	5,180	2,685	2,490
Vincentian/Grenadinian	255	85	165	535	215	325
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	1,715	725	990	2,670	1,275	1,395
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	1,105	520	585	2,305	1,110	1,200
Latin, Central and South American origins	19,025	8,810	10,215	78,405	39,030	39,375
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	860	405	455	1,980	965	1,015
Arawak	60	25	35	105	30	70
Argentinian	700	380	315	1,385	705	680
Belizean	100	45	50	445	250	190
Bolivian	155	80	70	590	305	285
Brazilian	1,185	585	605	3,030	1,330	1,700
Chilean	1,150	590	560	8,105	4,115	3,990
Colombian	1,995	905	1,090	12,585	6,060	6,525
Costa Rican	195	85	115	575	270	305
Ecuadorian	290	150	140	890	405	485
Guatemalan	445	160	285	2,395	1,270	1,120
Guyanese	2,150	1,055	1,100	3,095	1,545	1,555
Hispanic	345	185	160	1,785	905	885
Honduran	295	90	200	760	405	355
Maya	335	165	170	580	310	275
Mexican	3,175	1,360	1,810	22,475	11,430	11,045
Nicaraguan	1,125	550	580	1,675	825	855
Panamanian	110	60	55	320	150	170
Paraguayan	35	15	15	340	155	190
Peruvian	1,320	625	695	2,740	1,245	1,495
Salvadorean	2,260	1,095	1,170	8,810	4,545	4,270
Uruguayan	95	45	60	315	180	135
Venezuelan	980	380	590	4,690	2,295	2,390
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	1,265	530	730	3,430	1,735	1,695
African origins	57,970	27,945	30,025	136,510	70,620	65,885
Central and West African origins	12,245	6,005	6,245	33,170	17,430	15,735
Akan	110	60	50	130	80	50
Angolan	200	90	110	295	155	140
Ashanti	15	15	0	130	70	55
Beninese	115	70	45	200	90	105
Burkinabe	285	120	160	100	50	50
Cameroonian	1,370	700	670	2,040	1,010	1,035
Chadian	150	75	75	75	55	20
Congolese	4,000	1,780	2,215	4,095	2,100	1,990
Edo	50	25	25	555	320	235
Ewe	15	10	0	125	70	55
Gabonese	115	65	55	25	10	20
Gambian	35	20	15	110	60	50
Ghanaian	1,385	760	630	4,470	2,365	2,100
Guinean	270	120	150	455	235	215
Ibo	120	55	65	1,760	935	825
Ivorian	525	220	305	655	355	295
Liberian	95	55	40	1,040	495	540
Malian	170	75	90	70	45	25
Malinké	75	40	35	95	55	45
Nigerian	2,085	1,070	1,015	13,010	6,815	6,200
Peulh	70	40	30	105	70	35
Senegalese	365	180	185	575	370	205
Sierra Leonean	100	50	55	740	395	345
Togolese	320	155	160	150	70	80
Wolof	35	20	15	70	45	25
Yoruba	345	210	135	2,990	1,600	1,385
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	900	460	440	1,865	985	875
North African origins	13,380	6,895	6,485	23,235	12,305	10,935
Algerian	1,375	685	690	1,620	805	815
Berber	905	480	415	685	415	270
Coptic	130	70	65	225	115	110
Dinka	50	20	30	565	320	250
Egyptian	6,085	3,220	2,875	8,525	4,515	4,010
Libyan	1,215	625	595	1,300	665	635
Maure	40	30	15	95	70	25
Moroccan	2,265	1,090	1,175	2,510	1,380	1,130
Sudanese	845	425	425	7,070	3,695	3,375
Tunisian	680	350	330	940	480	455
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	455	230	220	575	315	260
Southern and East African origins	23,510	10,995	12,520	56,560	29,285	27,275
Afrikaner	60	30	30	315	155	160
Amhara	80	50	35	450	240	215
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	375	170	200	700	395	310
Burundian	1,920	860	1,060	975	555	420
Djiboutian	730	300	430	170	90	75
Eritrean	1,375	625	750	7,960	4,250	3,715
Ethiopian	2,880	1,305	1,575	13,225	6,710	6,510
Harari	10	10	10	165	85	80
Kenyan	615	310	305	2,175	1,035	1,140
Malagasy	215	110	105	125	55	70
Mauritian	385	170	215	550	310	235
Oromo	285	145	135	1,355	765	595
Rwandan	1,315	530	780	1,420	745	675
Seychellois	35	10	25	35	25	10
Somali	10,385	4,910	5,475	14,100	7,315	6,790
South African	1,375	670	705	6,635	3,310	3,320
Tanzanian	310	130	180	1,030	525	505
Tigrian	180	85	95	700	380	320
Ugandan	405	195	205	1,155	645	510
Zambian	145	60	80	265	155	110
Zimbabwean	330	160	170	2,590	1,300	1,285
Zulu	50	35	15	295	135	160
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	1,335	670	670	3,875	2,010	1,870
Other African origins	10,175	4,760	5,410	26,150	12,995	13,155
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	1,270	520	750	2,525	1,220	1,305
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	9,095	4,335	4,765	23,960	11,950	12,010
Asian origins	188,020	92,115	95,910	756,335	370,390	385,945
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	66,450	34,240	32,215	97,355	51,035	46,315
Afghan	4,020	2,045	1,975	8,540	4,545	3,995
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	7,475	3,835	3,640	10,470	5,690	4,780
Armenian	1,545	800	740	1,780	865	910
Assyrian	130	60	75	560	300	255
Azerbaijani	215	85	130	615	280	335
Georgian	180	100	85	400	230	165
Hazara	50	25	25	365	190	170
Iranian	7,070	3,535	3,530	13,925	7,220	6,705
Iraqi	4,780	2,525	2,255	6,165	3,250	2,915
Israeli	735	390	345	1,565	830	740
Jordanian	1,485	805	685	1,325	670	655
Kazakh	155	80	80	565	260	310
Kurd	855	460	400	2,040	1,160	880
Kuwaiti	965	485	480	185	110	80
Kyrgyz	35	25	10	200	110	90
Lebanese	26,870	13,780	13,095	32,365	16,835	15,525
Palestinian	4,055	2,270	1,795	4,880	2,675	2,210
Pashtun	265	145	125	645	305	345
Saudi Arabian	575	275	300	390	205	180
Syrian	4,700	2,450	2,250	7,215	3,605	3,610
Tajik	100	55	50	265	160	105
Tatar	155	60	100	530	215	315
Turk	3,040	1,605	1,435	5,745	3,155	2,595
Turkmen	125	60	65	105	55	50
Uighur	50	30	20	270	125	140
Uzbek	160	75	90	485	225	260
Yemeni	1,000	510	490	930	440	485
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	2,115	1,080	1,035	2,445	1,305	1,140
South Asian origins	43,695	22,135	21,560	231,550	118,855	112,695
Bangladeshi	2,400	1,245	1,150	4,155	2,085	2,070
Bengali	1,110	560	550	1,660	870	790
Bhutanese	315	165	150	815	410	400
East Indian	29,395	14,930	14,460	174,510	89,140	85,370
Goan	135	70	65	495	265	225
Gujarati	200	115	85	855	445	410
Kashmiri	60	15	40	720	355	365
Nepali	900	445	455	4,600	2,490	2,110
Pakistani	5,085	2,540	2,550	29,265	15,075	14,190
Punjabi	1,170	610	560	15,645	8,230	7,420
Sinhalese	290	150	145	750	400	355
Sri Lankan	3,050	1,520	1,530	5,585	2,885	2,695
Tamil	995	490	510	1,050	565	485
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	2,300	1,150	1,150	4,845	2,500	2,335
East and Southeast Asian origins	79,695	36,600	43,090	431,135	202,400	228,735
Burmese	605	300	305	1,270	650	615
Cambodian (Khmer)	2,355	1,090	1,260	4,260	2,245	2,015
Chinese	47,930	22,555	25,370	188,280	90,735	97,545
Filipino	14,135	5,680	8,460	175,130	79,150	95,975
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	640	260	375	3,005	1,425	1,575
Japanese	3,370	1,430	1,940	16,595	7,510	9,085
Karen	285	150	130	740	390	345
Korean	3,340	1,560	1,780	22,410	10,655	11,755
Laotian	710	330	385	2,050	1,020	1,030
Malaysian	495	180	310	2,970	1,340	1,630
Mongolian	305	170	130	1,565	725	835
Singaporean	50	20	30	370	180	190
Taiwanese	755	345	405	1,995	855	1,140
Thai	715	235	475	2,735	980	1,750
Tibetan	90	45	50	965	500	465
Vietnamese	9,020	4,425	4,600	36,780	17,720	19,060
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	255	140	115	735	385	345
Other Asian origins	390	180	215	3,115	1,580	1,530
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	390	180	210	3,115	1,585	1,530
Oceania origins	2,335	1,150	1,190	15,500	7,825	7,680
Australian	1,645	770	875	7,785	3,975	3,810
New Zealander	490	280	205	2,905	1,535	1,370
Pacific Islands origins	240	105	135	5,150	2,510	2,635
Fijian	60	20	40	3,325	1,580	1,745
Hawaiian	15	0	10	425	190	235
Maori	20	15	0	640	325	320
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	85	25	60	205	105	95
Samoan	40	25	15	280	180	100
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	35	20	15	375	195	180
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	528,305	...	...	1,527,680	...	...
Owner	362,625	...	...	1,105,795	...	...
Renter	165,670	...	...	412,150	...	...
Band housing	10	...	...	9,730	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	528,300	...	...	1,527,675	...	...
Condominium	63,340	...	...	256,015	...	...
Not condominium	464,965	...	...	1,271,660	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	528,300	...	...	1,527,680	...	...
No bedrooms	2,800	...	...	5,440	...	...
1 bedroom	65,605	...	...	139,820	...	...
2 bedrooms	115,775	...	...	322,370	...	...
3 bedrooms	209,435	...	...	540,505	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	134,690	...	...	519,545	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	528,305	...	...	1,527,680	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	126,930	...	...	358,650	...	...
5 rooms	72,285	...	...	238,870	...	...
6 rooms	80,640	...	...	224,335	...	...
7 rooms	79,655	...	...	201,560	...	...
8 or more rooms	168,800	...	...	504,270	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.4	...	...	6.5	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	528,300	...	...	1,527,675	...	...
One person or fewer per room	521,700	...	...	1,494,875	...	...
More than 1 person per room	6,605	...	...	32,805	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	528,305	...	...	1,527,675	...	...
Suitable	507,180	...	...	1,458,550	...	...
Not suitable	21,120	...	...	69,125	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	528,300	...	...	1,527,680	...	...
1960 or before	114,465	...	...	177,780	...	...
1961 to 1980	153,640	...	...	439,505	...	...
1981 to 1990	84,905	...	...	193,360	...	...
1991 to 2000	63,105	...	...	216,410	...	...
2001 to 2005	37,430	...	...	157,420	...	...
2006 to 2010	38,900	...	...	180,645	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	35,855	...	...	162,560	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	528,305	...	...	1,527,680	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	496,560	...	...	1,440,440	...	...
Major repairs needed	31,745	...	...	87,240	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	528,305	...	...	1,527,680	...	...
1 household maintainer	298,475	...	...	873,125	...	...
2 household maintainers	218,255	...	...	605,830	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	11,570	...	...	48,725	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	528,305	...	...	1,527,680	...	...
15 to 24 years	18,565	...	...	53,955	...	...
25 to 34 years	72,470	...	...	281,820	...	...
35 to 44 years	87,105	...	...	307,930	...	...
45 to 54 years	112,490	...	...	310,435	...	...
55 to 64 years	107,015	...	...	288,480	...	...
65 to 74 years	76,900	...	...	169,505	...	...
75 to 84 years	39,815	...	...	86,970	...	...
85 years and over	13,935	...	...	28,585	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	523,375	...	...	1,479,270	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	400,025	...	...	1,170,780	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	123,355	...	...	308,485	...	...
30% to less than 100%	106,875	...	...	268,795	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	358,420	...	...	1,075,465	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	60.3	...	...	65.2	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	14.4	...	...	15.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,288	...	...	1,481	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,402	...	...	1,531	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	349,589	...	...	400,104	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	394,549	...	...	449,790	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	165,405	...	...	410,225	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	15.8	...	...	10.4	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	43.5	...	...	36.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,050	...	...	1,243	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,089	...	...	1,279	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	1,068,405	517,440	550,960	3,206,050	1,602,810	1,603,235
No certificate, diploma or degree	152,980	77,940	75,040	540,665	284,020	256,640
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	276,465	136,005	140,465	895,885	440,665	455,220
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	638,960	303,495	335,465	1,769,500	878,130	891,375
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	57,910	38,755	19,150	309,465	242,160	67,305
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	30,565	17,885	12,680	94,735	56,255	38,480
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	27,340	20,875	6,470	214,730	185,905	28,825
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	231,810	100,330	131,485	615,480	250,590	364,895
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	20,770	8,620	12,155	94,620	36,875	57,750
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	328,465	155,785	172,680	749,930	348,510	401,425
Bachelor's degree	205,915	93,270	112,650	530,085	235,610	294,470
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	19,035	8,085	10,950	39,955	18,075	21,880
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	7,615	3,885	3,730	21,850	11,810	10,045
Master's degree	79,330	39,595	39,735	133,265	67,215	66,055
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	16,570	10,955	5,615	24,770	15,805	8,965
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	698,620	338,065	360,555	2,257,820	1,131,030	1,126,795
No certificate, diploma or degree	54,905	30,600	24,310	244,755	136,085	108,675
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	154,725	79,015	75,710	569,435	283,290	286,145
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	488,995	228,455	260,540	1,443,635	711,655	731,975
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	39,595	26,330	13,260	238,220	189,180	49,035
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	20,920	12,060	8,860	69,415	42,445	26,970
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	18,675	14,270	4,405	168,805	146,740	22,065
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	178,785	78,465	100,320	496,375	203,350	293,020
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	13,495	5,820	7,680	73,315	29,315	44,005
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	257,115	117,835	139,285	635,730	289,810	345,920
Bachelor's degree	160,285	71,395	88,880	448,235	197,045	251,195
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	14,255	5,555	8,705	32,095	14,155	17,940
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	5,945	2,695	3,250	18,855	9,505	9,350
Master's degree	64,750	31,015	33,735	116,975	57,230	59,740
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	11,885	7,175	4,710	19,570	11,875	7,695
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	1,068,405	517,440	550,965	3,206,045	1,602,810	1,603,235
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	429,450	213,950	215,500	1,436,545	724,680	711,865
Education	37,410	8,445	28,965	121,930	29,000	92,930
13. Education	37,405	8,440	28,965	121,930	29,000	92,930
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	21,715	9,580	12,135	49,660	20,960	28,705
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	4,570	3,295	1,270	9,130	6,305	2,820
50. Visual and performing arts	17,140	6,280	10,860	40,535	14,650	25,885
Humanities	39,380	15,015	24,365	69,305	27,480	41,830
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	5,775	1,140	4,635	6,790	1,620	5,170
23. English language and literature/letters	10,310	3,175	7,135	15,110	4,270	10,840
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	7,710	2,845	4,870	20,660	7,275	13,390
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	400	120	280	225	105	125
38. Philosophy and religious studies	2,700	1,500	1,205	4,890	2,750	2,140
39. Theology and religious vocations	2,425	1,425	1,000	11,435	6,560	4,865
54. History	7,580	4,300	3,280	8,600	4,560	4,045
55. French language and literature/letters	2,480	520	1,960	1,595	345	1,250
Social and behavioural sciences and law	104,370	38,580	65,785	159,735	51,705	108,030
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	1,575	420	1,155	2,345	470	1,875
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	10,535	3,790	6,745	17,180	6,320	10,865
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	13,225	1,175	12,050	28,750	2,185	26,570
22. Legal professions and studies	16,320	6,005	10,310	29,000	9,355	19,645
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	2,440	555	1,885	2,190	605	1,580
42. Psychology	15,780	3,905	11,880	27,275	6,765	20,515
45. Social sciences	44,490	22,725	21,765	52,985	26,000	26,985
Business, management and public administration	122,450	49,665	72,790	361,530	133,045	228,485
30.16 Accounting and computer science	275	105	165	670	155	520
44. Public administration and social service professions	13,130	3,425	9,700	21,565	4,015	17,555
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	109,050	46,130	62,920	339,295	128,885	210,410
Physical and life sciences and technologies	30,125	15,430	14,695	72,850	38,330	34,525
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	14,680	6,005	8,675	25,850	10,955	14,895
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	4,470	2,245	2,220	15,410	7,270	8,145
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	315	80	235	555	170	385
40. Physical sciences	9,515	6,610	2,905	26,130	17,875	8,255
41. Science technologies/technicians	1,150	485	665	4,900	2,055	2,845
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	39,140	25,230	13,910	60,830	37,710	23,120
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	29,595	20,690	8,905	48,975	32,855	16,125
25. Library science	3,030	620	2,405	4,295	515	3,780
27. Mathematics and statistics	5,415	3,200	2,215	7,050	4,020	3,035
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	1,100	720	385	515	330	185
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	111,605	98,990	12,610	463,185	415,665	47,520
04. Architecture and related services	5,215	3,400	1,820	11,325	7,140	4,190
14. Engineering	38,745	31,790	6,960	110,345	89,275	21,070
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	24,540	22,060	2,475	84,800	72,145	12,655
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	40	0	25	60	10	50
46. Construction trades	16,365	15,940	420	100,370	96,810	3,560
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	19,595	19,030	565	103,880	100,100	3,785
48. Precision production	7,105	6,765	340	52,400	50,195	2,205
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	11,870	7,175	4,695	44,270	27,245	17,025
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	7,510	4,740	2,770	28,440	17,860	10,580
03. Natural resources and conservation	4,360	2,430	1,925	15,830	9,390	6,445
Health and related fields	86,600	17,295	69,300	270,920	51,220	219,700
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	7,685	3,705	3,985	19,300	9,110	10,195
51. Health professions and related programs	76,565	12,340	64,225	245,265	38,460	206,810
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	2,345	1,255	1,090	6,350	3,650	2,695
Personal, protective and transportation services	34,205	18,050	16,155	95,140	45,720	49,415
12. Personal and culinary services	17,650	4,985	12,670	57,285	14,985	42,305
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	915	765	150	250	230	20
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	675	615	55	740	655	85
43. Security and protective services	10,305	7,390	2,915	16,985	11,590	5,400
49. Transportation and materials moving	4,665	4,295	370	19,880	18,270	1,610
Other	85	35	50	150	60	95
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	85	35	50	145	60	95
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	698,620	338,065	360,555	2,257,820	1,131,025	1,126,795
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	209,630	109,610	100,015	814,190	419,370	394,820
Education	25,375	5,465	19,905	91,020	19,920	71,105
13. Education	25,370	5,465	19,910	91,025	19,920	71,100
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	16,620	7,250	9,370	40,255	16,670	23,585
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	3,420	2,395	1,030	7,095	4,810	2,285
50. Visual and performing arts	13,205	4,860	8,340	33,155	11,860	21,300
Humanities	27,740	10,400	17,345	55,985	21,840	34,145
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	4,440	835	3,600	5,690	1,310	4,380
23. English language and literature/letters	7,270	2,175	5,095	12,345	3,425	8,920
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	5,220	1,925	3,295	17,320	6,020	11,300
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	310	85	225	200	95	100
38. Philosophy and religious studies	1,870	1,050	820	3,930	2,205	1,725
39. Theology and religious vocations	1,610	980	625	8,500	4,960	3,545
54. History	5,520	3,105	2,410	6,855	3,565	3,285
55. French language and literature/letters	1,500	235	1,265	1,140	245	895
Social and behavioural sciences and law	82,815	29,190	53,625	135,545	42,855	92,685
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	1,275	310	965	2,025	425	1,600
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	8,360	2,950	5,410	14,880	5,360	9,520
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	10,445	895	9,550	23,730	1,770	21,960
22. Legal professions and studies	13,705	4,525	9,180	25,095	7,395	17,705
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	2,050	465	1,585	1,790	530	1,255
42. Psychology	11,960	2,805	9,160	22,460	5,290	17,170
45. Social sciences	35,020	17,250	17,770	45,565	22,095	23,465
Business, management and public administration	96,030	37,965	58,065	301,995	110,825	191,170
30.16 Accounting and computer science	210	85	120	560	135	420
44. Public administration and social service professions	10,470	2,590	7,880	18,035	3,130	14,910
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	85,355	35,290	50,065	283,400	107,560	175,840
Physical and life sciences and technologies	21,710	10,320	11,395	58,120	29,655	28,465
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	11,085	4,290	6,790	20,925	8,620	12,310
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	3,120	1,510	1,615	12,175	5,740	6,435
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	240	60	180	460	155	305
40. Physical sciences	6,490	4,185	2,305	20,785	13,645	7,140
41. Science technologies/technicians	780	275	505	3,775	1,500	2,270
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	33,865	22,005	11,865	53,975	33,590	20,385
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	26,790	18,700	8,085	44,735	29,980	14,750
25. Library science	2,145	445	1,700	3,400	440	2,965
27. Mathematics and statistics	3,955	2,245	1,710	5,420	2,915	2,500
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	980	615	370	420	255	165
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	84,315	73,625	10,690	376,875	335,210	41,670
04. Architecture and related services	4,135	2,585	1,550	9,335	5,630	3,710
14. Engineering	30,365	24,285	6,085	95,005	75,840	19,170
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	18,500	16,535	1,965	69,300	58,610	10,690
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	30	0	25	55	10	50
46. Construction trades	12,020	11,670	345	80,455	77,430	3,020
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	14,320	13,840	480	81,470	78,290	3,180
48. Precision production	4,950	4,710	240	41,255	39,405	1,850
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	9,100	5,230	3,865	35,820	21,060	14,760
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	5,545	3,305	2,235	21,990	12,970	9,025
03. Natural resources and conservation	3,555	1,925	1,630	13,825	8,090	5,740
Health and related fields	65,015	13,275	51,735	217,640	42,225	175,410
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	6,035	2,865	3,170	15,955	7,530	8,425
51. Health professions and related programs	57,175	9,560	47,615	196,250	31,775	164,475
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	1,805	845	955	5,435	2,925	2,505
Personal, protective and transportation services	26,320	13,700	12,625	76,300	37,755	38,540
12. Personal and culinary services	13,505	3,810	9,695	44,755	12,085	32,670
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	750	605	145	190	170	20
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	380	345	30	460	410	50
43. Security and protective services	8,090	5,655	2,435	14,100	9,595	4,505
49. Transportation and materials moving	3,595	3,280	315	16,795	15,490	1,305
Other	80	35	45	115	55	60
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	80	35	50	110	55	60
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	1,068,405	517,440	550,965	3,206,045	1,602,810	1,603,235
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	429,450	213,950	215,500	1,436,545	724,685	711,865
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	638,955	303,495	335,460	1,769,505	878,130	891,370
Location of study inside Canada	551,985	261,540	290,445	1,424,855	709,950	714,905
Same as province or territory of residence	456,775	216,160	240,615	1,064,560	530,135	534,430
Different than province or territory of residence	95,215	45,385	49,830	360,290	179,815	180,475
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	86,970	41,950	45,015	344,645	168,180	176,465
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	14,525	7,850	6,675	45,690	25,545	20,145
Philippines	4,675	1,400	3,275	68,760	26,480	42,280
India	5,795	2,800	3,000	41,560	21,025	20,535
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	11,880	6,695	5,185	28,630	16,255	12,370
China^{Census data footnote 162}	6,415	2,930	3,490	18,850	8,805	10,050
France	2,235	1,120	1,115	2,150	1,275	875
Other	41,445	19,160	22,280	139,010	68,800	70,210
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	698,620	338,065	360,555	2,257,820	1,131,030	1,126,795
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	209,630	109,610	100,015	814,190	419,375	394,820
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	488,995	228,450	260,540	1,443,630	711,655	731,980
Location of study inside Canada	425,425	199,260	226,160	1,150,780	572,180	578,595
Same as province or territory of residence	354,490	165,740	188,745	857,370	426,365	431,010
Different than province or territory of residence	70,940	33,520	37,420	293,410	145,820	147,590
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	63,570	29,190	34,375	292,850	139,470	153,380
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	10,405	5,325	5,075	34,655	18,640	16,015
Philippines	4,045	1,200	2,845	64,000	24,435	39,565
India	4,155	1,955	2,200	37,240	18,505	18,740
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	6,465	3,500	2,965	20,065	11,390	8,675
China^{Census data footnote 162}	4,740	2,090	2,650	16,600	7,630	8,965
France	1,745	855	890	1,870	1,105	765
Other	32,015	14,270	17,750	118,425	57,770	60,655
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	1,068,405	517,440	550,965	3,206,050	1,602,810	1,603,235
In the labour force	702,740	359,610	343,130	2,302,945	1,238,280	1,064,655
Employed	652,640	332,550	320,085	2,096,105	1,114,360	981,745
Unemployed	50,095	27,055	23,045	206,835	123,925	82,910
Not in the labour force	365,665	157,835	207,835	903,105	364,525	538,580
Participation rate	65.8	69.5	62.3	71.8	77.3	66.4
Employment rate	61.1	64.3	58.1	65.4	69.5	61.2
Unemployment rate	7.1	7.5	6.7	9.0	10.0	7.8
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	1,068,405	517,440	550,965	3,206,050	1,602,810	1,603,235
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	345,055	148,385	196,670	806,150	318,845	487,310
Worked	723,350	369,055	354,290	2,399,895	1,283,965	1,115,930
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	393,755	215,625	178,130	1,193,860	698,530	495,330
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	329,595	153,430	176,165	1,206,035	585,430	620,595
Average weeks worked in reference year	43.3	43.7	42.9	42.5	43.1	41.7
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	702,740	359,610	343,130	2,302,940	1,238,285	1,064,660
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	15,885	7,890	7,995	40,005	18,650	21,360
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	686,855	351,720	335,140	2,262,935	1,219,635	1,043,300
Employee	612,450	306,560	305,890	1,984,225	1,042,630	941,595
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	74,400	45,155	29,250	278,710	177,010	101,705
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	702,740	359,605	343,135	2,302,940	1,238,280	1,064,660
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	15,885	7,890	7,995	40,010	18,645	21,360
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	686,855	351,720	335,140	2,262,935	1,219,635	1,043,300
0 Management occupations	80,995	49,215	31,780	261,505	167,260	94,245
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	119,035	38,305	80,725	353,965	95,685	258,280
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	71,545	54,240	17,310	175,025	136,240	38,795
3 Health occupations	45,725	9,670	36,055	150,415	28,130	122,290
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	103,245	36,380	66,855	228,325	74,105	154,220
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	23,295	10,110	13,180	50,170	19,960	30,210
6 Sales and service occupations	149,205	70,075	79,130	491,495	204,245	287,255
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	71,200	66,790	4,415	406,495	376,375	30,120
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	9,060	7,160	1,905	72,465	59,465	13,000
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	13,550	9,775	3,780	73,070	58,170	14,895
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	702,740	359,610	343,135	2,302,940	1,238,280	1,064,660
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	15,885	7,890	7,995	40,005	18,650	21,360
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	686,855	351,720	335,140	2,262,935	1,219,630	1,043,305
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	9,055	6,215	2,845	64,035	43,045	20,990
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	990	870	115	142,490	109,105	33,390
22 Utilities	2,450	1,975	480	21,940	15,345	6,595
23 Construction	41,525	36,490	5,030	236,370	201,640	34,730
31-33 Manufacturing	31,190	22,205	8,990	127,535	96,045	31,490
41 Wholesale trade	17,850	12,945	4,910	80,610	56,840	23,775
44-45 Retail trade	75,870	38,075	37,795	249,880	115,065	134,810
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	24,045	17,710	6,335	115,295	83,675	31,620
51 Information and cultural industries	16,670	10,250	6,415	33,045	18,625	14,420
52 Finance and insurance	21,070	9,250	11,825	69,225	25,230	43,995
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	11,830	6,495	5,335	41,520	23,075	18,450
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	60,520	36,080	24,440	167,800	94,565	73,240
55 Management of companies and enterprises	510	175	330	5,560	2,760	2,795
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	30,445	18,305	12,145	87,350	49,595	37,760
61 Educational services	53,405	17,210	36,190	147,270	44,160	103,110
62 Health care and social assistance	78,085	15,090	62,990	245,875	41,235	204,645
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	13,660	6,610	7,050	44,880	21,550	23,335
72 Accommodation and food services	45,375	21,250	24,125	153,790	62,220	91,570
81 Other services (except public administration)	29,240	12,510	16,735	105,865	50,455	55,405
91 Public administration	123,065	62,010	61,060	122,595	65,420	57,175
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	652,640	332,555	320,090	2,096,110	1,114,360	981,745
Worked at home	49,365	25,020	24,345	162,465	77,935	84,530
Worked outside Canada	2,645	1,750	900	6,270	4,715	1,555
No fixed workplace address	60,140	43,835	16,305	307,065	236,995	70,070
Worked at usual place	540,490	261,955	278,535	1,620,310	794,720	825,595
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	540,485	261,955	278,535	1,620,310	794,720	825,595
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	417,985	200,955	217,035	1,186,170	554,850	631,330
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	38,500	17,415	21,085	358,010	190,730	167,280
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	58,160	30,120	28,040	64,360	41,925	22,435
Commute to a different province or territory	25,840	13,460	12,375	11,770	7,210	4,560
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	600,625	305,785	294,835	1,927,375	1,031,710	895,665
Car, truck, van - as a driver	412,355	221,815	190,535	1,497,440	832,890	664,545
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	35,605	12,215	23,395	99,635	40,215	59,420
Public transit	94,295	42,020	52,275	194,560	88,325	106,235
Walked	40,190	18,760	21,425	85,805	38,030	47,775
Bicycle	12,205	7,915	4,295	21,925	14,685	7,240
Other method	5,980	3,070	2,915	28,015	17,560	10,455
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	600,625	305,790	294,840	1,927,375	1,031,710	895,665
Less than 15 minutes	139,170	66,285	72,890	519,085	237,105	281,980
15 to 29 minutes	210,425	107,875	102,555	706,940	377,165	329,780
30 to 44 minutes	139,445	73,540	65,900	422,070	243,905	178,165
45 to 59 minutes	62,500	31,865	30,635	148,620	86,485	62,135
60 minutes and over	49,090	26,220	22,865	130,665	87,060	43,605
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	600,625	305,790	294,835	1,927,375	1,031,710	895,665
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	35,955	24,205	11,750	145,660	107,460	38,200
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	115,025	65,360	49,670	395,425	254,225	141,200
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	172,655	83,070	89,590	567,530	297,825	269,705
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	133,920	61,450	72,470	347,270	147,425	199,845
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	62,930	28,890	34,035	188,660	77,175	111,490
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	80,140	42,815	37,330	282,820	147,600	135,225
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	743,640	379,030	364,615	2,467,410	1,314,320	1,153,090
Single responses	708,500	363,055	345,450	2,446,600	1,304,240	1,142,360
Official languages	704,805	361,190	343,615	2,425,545	1,292,940	1,132,610
English	654,615	340,055	314,560	2,418,990	1,290,870	1,128,120
French	50,195	21,135	29,055	6,560	2,070	4,490
Non-official languages	3,695	1,860	1,830	21,055	11,305	9,750
Aboriginal languages	45	10	40	1,000	550	450
Algonquian languages	0	0	10	670	355	315
Blackfoot	0	0	0	75	50	30
Cree-Montagnais languages	10	0	0	565	295	270
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	10	10	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	30	10	20
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	10	535	280	255
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	20	15	10
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	25	15	10
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	75	45	30
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	75	40	35
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	60	35	25
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	10	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	15	10	10
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	10	10	10
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	25	10	25	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	25	0	20	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	10	0	10	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	10	0	10	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	255	155	105
Dakota	0	0	0	15	10	10
Stoney	0	0	0	240	140	95
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	10	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	3,650	1,855	1,795	20,050	10,755	9,300
Afro-Asiatic languages	610	360	245	940	575	360
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	20	0	20	100	45	55
Bilen	0	0	0	10	0	10
Oromo	0	0	0	25	15	15
Somali	20	0	20	60	25	35
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	590	360	230	840	530	305
Amharic	0	0	0	85	50	35
Arabic	565	345	220	610	415	195
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	10	10	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	20	10	10	50	15	35
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	40	15	25
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	50	25	25
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	135	50	90	1,305	515	790
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	15	10	0
Vietnamese	135	45	90	1,290	505	780
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	45	20	20	850	420	430
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	15	0	10
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	10	0	10
Ilocano	0	0	0	30	10	20
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	10	0	0	10	10	10
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	30	10	20	785	405	380
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	10	0	10	0	10
Creole languages	25	15	15	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	10	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	20	10	10	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	15	15	0	55	25	35
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	10	0	15	10	0
Tamil	10	10	0	35	15	15
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	1,015	465	555	8,280	4,855	3,425
Albanian	0	0	0	30	20	10
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	275	100	180	690	335	355
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	275	100	180	695	335	360
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	10	10	0	15	15	0
Bulgarian	10	10	0	10	0	10
Croatian	10	10	0	15	10	15
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Polish	45	15	30	220	135	85
Russian	155	45	105	275	120	160
Serbian	20	10	15	25	0	20
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	25	0	20
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	30	10	15	100	40	55
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	195	90	105	2,535	1,700	840
Afrikaans	0	0	0	30	10	20
Danish	10	10	10	10	0	10
Dutch	20	10	10	145	80	65
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	150	65	80	2,160	1,455	700
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	10	0	10	10	0	10
Swedish	10	0	10	15	10	10
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	10
Yiddish	10	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	165	135	30
Greek	20	15	0	20	15	0
Indo-Iranian languages	120	60	60	3,215	1,870	1,350
Indo-Aryan languages	60	35	25	3,010	1,735	1,275
Bengali	10	10	0	25	10	15
Gujarati	0	0	0	75	15	60
Hindi	20	10	10	210	110	100
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	10	0	10	40	20	15
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	10	2,480	1,510	970
Sindhi	0	0	0	10	0	10
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	10	10	0
Urdu	25	10	15	155	50	100
Iranian languages	60	25	35	200	130	70
Kurdish	0	0	0	15	10	0
Pashto	10	10	0	15	15	0
Persian (Farsi)	50	20	30	175	105	70
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	400	200	200	1,780	920	860
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	45	30	15	30	10	15
Portuguese	85	60	25	140	70	70
Romanian	0	0	0	50	30	20
Spanish	265	115	155	1,560	800	760
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	65	30	30	195	75	125
Kartvelian languages	0	0	10	0	0	0
Georgian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	85	45	40	785	350	435
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	30	10	20	35	10	30
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	10	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	0	15	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	10	0	0	30	10	25
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	10
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	10	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	45	15	30	230	120	115
American Sign Language	30	15	15	125	40	85
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	10	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	10	0	105	80	30
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,490	785	705	7,080	3,665	3,420
Chinese languages	1,480	780	700	7,035	3,635	3,400
Cantonese	570	320	250	4,545	2,340	2,205
Hakka	0	0	0	15	0	10
Mandarin	840	400	435	2,170	1,125	1,045
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	0	0	30	10	15
Wu (Shanghainese)	10	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	60	50	10	275	155	125
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	10	10	0	45	30	20
Burmese	0	10	0	10	10	10
Karenic languages	0	0	0	25	15	10
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	10
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	45	25	20	125	60	65
Lao	10	10	0	0	0	0
Thai	30	15	20	130	60	65
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	25	15	10	80	35	45
Azerbaijani	0	10	0	0	0	0
Turkish	15	10	15	65	30	30
Uyghur	10	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	10	0	10
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Uralic languages	10	0	10	70	45	25
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	10	0	0	10	10	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	65	40	25
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	10	0	10	10	0
Multiple responses	35,140	15,975	19,165	20,810	10,080	10,735
English and French	30,790	13,890	16,900	4,525	2,050	2,475
English and non-official language	3,515	1,690	1,820	15,935	7,860	8,075
French and non-official language	80	30	50	55	25	30
English, French and non-official language	755	360	395	295	140	155
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	743,640	379,030	364,615	2,467,410	1,314,320	1,153,095
None	566,030	296,190	269,840	2,370,575	1,264,955	1,105,620
English	35,750	15,935	19,820	13,805	6,540	7,270
French	130,475	61,260	69,215	23,920	11,380	12,545
Non-official language	9,735	4,885	4,850	57,640	30,700	26,935
Aboriginal	215	70	145	5,045	2,370	2,680
Non-Aboriginal	9,520	4,810	4,710	52,590	28,335	24,260
English and French	125	45	75	30	15	15
English and non-official language	190	90	100	215	105	110
French and non-official language	1,335	625	710	1,220	625	595
English, French and non-official language	10	10	0	0	10	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	1,268,015	619,000	649,010	3,925,440	1,971,515	1,953,920
Non-movers	1,106,320	539,960	566,355	3,318,340	1,667,060	1,651,280
Movers	161,690	79,040	82,650	607,095	304,450	302,640
Non-migrants	104,650	51,185	53,465	394,230	199,640	194,590
Migrants	57,040	27,850	29,190	212,865	104,815	108,050
Internal migrants	43,950	21,260	22,690	166,390	82,335	84,055
Intraprovincial migrants	30,305	14,510	15,795	120,105	59,845	60,260
Interprovincial migrants	13,650	6,750	6,900	46,280	22,490	23,795
External migrants	13,090	6,590	6,495	46,475	22,480	23,995
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	1,214,280	591,935	622,350	3,714,635	1,863,450	1,851,190
Non-movers	756,280	369,020	387,260	2,052,580	1,028,510	1,024,070
Movers	458,000	222,920	235,085	1,662,055	834,935	827,120
Non-migrants	280,220	136,475	143,745	899,165	454,700	444,465
Migrants	177,775	86,440	91,335	762,890	380,235	382,655
Internal migrants	134,375	64,655	69,720	559,860	280,255	279,610
Intraprovincial migrants	92,215	44,285	47,930	333,775	165,900	167,875
Interprovincial migrants	42,165	20,375	21,785	226,090	114,355	111,730
External migrants	43,400	21,785	21,615	203,025	99,980	103,045

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 35 referrer

Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 36 referrer

Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 37 referrer

Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 38 referrer

Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

Return to footnote 39 referrer

Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Return to footnote 43 referrer

Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Return to footnote 181 referrer

Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Ottawa [Economic region], Ontario and Alberta [Province] (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 6, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Ottawa [Economic region], Ontario and Alberta [Province]

Census Profile, 2016 Census Ottawa [Economic region], Ontario and Alberta [Province]

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Ottawa [Economic region], Ontario and Alberta [Province]