Census Profile, 2016 Census
Clarington, Municipality [Census subdivision], Ontario and Division No. 10, Census division [Census division], Manitoba

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Clarington, MU Ontario [Census subdivision]			Division No. 10, CDR Manitoba [Census division]
	Data quality , Clarington, Municipality [Census subdivision], Ontario Map : Clarington, Municipality [Census subdivision], Ontario Change geography 1			Data quality : Division No. 10, Census division [Census division], Manitoba Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	92,013	...	...	11,941	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	84,548	...	...	10,673	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	8.8	...	...	11.9	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	33,384	...	...	3,786	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	32,838	...	...	3,678	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	150.5	...	...	6.2	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	611.40	...	...	1,916.28	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	92,010	45,115	46,900	11,940	6,070	5,870
0 to 14 years	17,155	8,720	8,430	2,655	1,345	1,310
0 to 4 years	5,590	2,830	2,765	815	440	370
5 to 9 years	5,790	2,965	2,825	930	450	485
10 to 14 years	5,770	2,925	2,845	915	455	455
15 to 64 years	62,245	30,585	31,660	7,935	4,040	3,895
15 to 19 years	6,210	3,100	3,115	870	465	405
20 to 24 years	5,880	3,060	2,820	735	395	345
25 to 29 years	5,410	2,645	2,765	610	310	300
30 to 34 years	6,240	3,010	3,235	700	340	360
35 to 39 years	6,260	3,040	3,220	770	385	380
40 to 44 years	6,235	3,070	3,165	835	420	420
45 to 49 years	6,515	3,075	3,435	830	410	415
50 to 54 years	7,900	3,855	4,045	1,020	525	500
55 to 59 years	6,545	3,285	3,260	915	460	455
60 to 64 years	5,045	2,450	2,600	640	330	310
65 years and over	12,615	5,805	6,805	1,350	685	665
65 to 69 years	4,320	2,060	2,260	535	275	260
70 to 74 years	3,235	1,585	1,645	365	195	175
75 to 79 years	2,170	990	1,175	245	125	115
80 to 84 years	1,520	700	820	120	60	55
85 years and over	1,375	465	910	90	25	60
85 to 89 years	875	320	560	55	15	40
90 to 94 years	390	125	265	30	10	15
95 to 99 years	95	20	75	0	0	5
100 years and over	15	5	10	0	0	5
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	18.6	19.3	18.0	22.2	22.2	22.3
15 to 64 years	67.7	67.8	67.5	66.5	66.6	66.4
65 years and over	13.7	12.9	14.5	11.3	11.3	11.3
85 years and over	1.5	1.0	1.9	0.8	0.4	1.0
Average age of the population	38.9	38.2	39.5	36.9	36.7	37.1
Median age of the population	39.1	38.3	39.8	37.6	37.3	37.9
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	32,840	...	...	3,680	...	...
Single-detached house	25,950	...	...	3,430	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	265	...	...	0	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	6,550	...	...	115	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,035	...	...	10	...	...
Row house	2,740	...	...	15	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	905	...	...	5	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	1,825	...	...	65	...	...
Other single-attached house	40	...	...	20	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	75	...	...	135	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	32,840	...	...	3,675	...	...
1 person	5,755	...	...	510	...	...
2 persons	10,855	...	...	1,365	...	...
3 persons	6,070	...	...	605	...	...
4 persons	6,720	...	...	750	...	...
5 or more persons	3,445	...	...	440	...	...
Number of persons in private households	91,190	...	...	10,455	...	...
Average household size	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	74,860	36,390	38,465	9,285	4,725	4,560
Married or living common law	46,825	23,390	23,435	6,355	3,180	3,175
Married	39,380	19,680	19,700	5,650	2,825	2,825
Living common law	7,445	3,715	3,730	705	355	350
Not married and not living common law	28,040	13,000	15,035	2,925	1,545	1,385
Never married	18,630	9,935	8,695	2,265	1,275	990
Separated	2,200	875	1,320	140	75	65
Divorced	3,785	1,455	2,325	240	125	115
Widowed	3,425	735	2,690	285	70	215
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	27,305	...	...	3,150	...	...
2 persons	12,045	...	...	1,420	...	...
3 persons	6,205	...	...	600	...	...
4 persons	6,635	...	...	750	...	...
5 or more persons	2,420	...	...	380	...	...
Average size of census families	3.0	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	27,300	...	...	3,150	...	...
Total couple families	23,160	...	...	2,895	...	...
Married couples	19,445	...	...	2,545	...	...
Common-law couples	3,720	...	...	355	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	4,140	...	...	250	...	...
Female parent	3,195	...	...	165	...	...
Male parent	950	...	...	90	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	23,160	...	...	2,895	...	...
Couples without children	9,645	...	...	1,270	...	...
Couples with children	13,515	...	...	1,630	...	...
1 child	4,905	...	...	520	...	...
2 children	6,285	...	...	730	...	...
3 or more children	2,320	...	...	380	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	4,140	...	...	255	...	...
1 child	2,400	...	...	150	...	...
2 children	1,300	...	...	85	...	...
3 or more children	445	...	...	20	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	9,270	4,320	4,950	780	445	340
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	32,840	...	...	3,675	...	...
One-census-family households	25,555	...	...	3,065	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	8,975	...	...	1,240	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	16,580	...	...	1,825	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	860	...	...	45	...	...
Non-census-family households	6,420	...	...	570	...	...
One-person households	5,755	...	...	515	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	665	...	...	60	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	91,275	44,875	46,400	11,940	6,070	5,870
English only	84,280	41,890	42,390	10,470	5,370	5,100
French only	25	10	15	10	5	0
English and French	6,700	2,850	3,855	1,385	655	730
Neither English nor French	260	125	135	80	45	35
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	91,275	44,870	46,400	11,940	6,070	5,870
English	89,480	44,030	45,450	11,255	5,735	5,520
French	1,425	675	750	610	295	310
English and French	120	50	65	10	5	10
Neither English nor French	250	120	125	70	35	30
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	1,485	700	785	610	295	315
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	1.6	1.6	1.7	5.1	4.9	5.4
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	91,275	44,870	46,400	11,940	6,070	5,870
Single responses	90,475	44,505	45,965	11,725	5,965	5,760
Official languages	84,115	41,430	42,690	9,660	4,940	4,715
English	82,625	40,720	41,905	9,020	4,630	4,385
French	1,490	705	780	640	315	330
Non-official languages	6,360	3,080	3,280	2,065	1,025	1,045
Aboriginal languages	5	5	0	10	0	5
Algonquian languages	5	0	5	5	5	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	5	0	5	0	5	5
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	5	5	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	5	5	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	5	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	5	5	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	5	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	5
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	6,355	3,075	3,280	2,055	1,020	1,040
Afro-Asiatic languages	285	155	125	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	5	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	5	5	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	275	150	125	0	0	5
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	225	120	100	5	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	10	5	5	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	5	5	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	5	0	0	0
Hebrew	5	5	0	0	0	0
Maltese	30	20	10	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	5	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	90	35	55	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	5	5	0	0	0
Vietnamese	85	35	45	5	5	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	285	105	180	15	5	10
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	15	0	15	0	0	5
Fijian	5	0	5	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	5	0	5	0	0	0
Ilocano	5	0	5	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	5	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	250	95	155	15	5	10
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	15	5	10	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	5	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	175	80	90	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	15	5	5	0	0	0
Tamil	150	70	85	0	0	0
Telugu	5	5	5	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	4,810	2,370	2,440	2,005	995	1,015
Albanian	20	10	5	0	0	0
Armenian	10	5	5	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,260	590	665	135	65	70
Baltic languages	15	10	5	0	0	0
Latvian	10	10	5	0	0	0
Lithuanian	5	5	5	0	0	0
Slavic languages	1,245	580	660	135	65	70
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	10	5	5	0	0	0
Croatian	55	30	20	5	5	0
Czech	15	10	10	0	0	5
Macedonian	80	35	45	0	0	0
Polish	655	300	355	20	5	15
Russian	110	50	60	30	15	15
Serbian	70	35	30	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	15	10	0	0	0	0
Slovak	20	5	15	5	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	20	10	10	0	0	0
Ukrainian	190	85	100	65	35	35
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	0	0	0
Celtic languages	10	0	5	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	5	0	5	0	0	0
Welsh	5	5	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	1,215	570	645	1,780	880	895
Afrikaans	20	5	10	5	5	0
Danish	25	15	15	0	5	0
Dutch	590	285	310	20	15	5
Frisian	30	15	20	0	0	0
German	525	250	275	1,750	860	885
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	5	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	5	0	10	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	5	10	0	5	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	150	85	65	0	5	0
Indo-Iranian languages	525	275	260	40	20	20
Indo-Aryan languages	380	195	180	40	20	20
Bengali	30	10	10	5	0	5
Gujarati	40	20	25	10	5	5
Hindi	55	30	30	5	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	5	5	0	0	0	0
Marathi	5	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	90	45	45	20	15	10
Sindhi	10	5	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	20	10	10	0	0	0
Urdu	125	70	55	0	0	0
Iranian languages	155	80	75	0	0	0
Kurdish	5	5	5	0	0	0
Pashto	5	0	5	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	140	75	65	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,620	835	790	50	25	25
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	605	330	280	10	5	5
Portuguese	425	210	215	15	5	5
Romanian	75	35	40	10	5	5
Spanish	510	255	255	25	10	10
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	15	5	10	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	65	30	30	5	5	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	75	40	35	0	0	5
Akan (Twi)	10	5	5	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	5	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	5	5	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	5	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	5	5	5	0	0	0
Swahili	5	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	15	10	5	0	5	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	15	10	5	5	0	5
American Sign Language	5	5	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	10	5	0	5	0	5
Sino-Tibetan languages	255	105	150	10	5	5
Chinese languages	245	100	145	10	10	5
Cantonese	110	50	60	5	5	0
Hakka	5	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	110	40	70	5	0	5
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	5	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	5	5	5	5	5
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	10	5	5	0	0	0
Burmese	5	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	5	5	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	5	5	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	5	10	5	0	0
Lao	10	5	5	5	0	0
Thai	5	0	5	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	10	10	5	5	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	10	10	5	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	240	120	120	10	5	5
Estonian	15	10	5	0	0	0
Finnish	40	20	20	0	0	0
Hungarian	185	85	95	5	5	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	800	370	430	215	105	110
English and French	225	100	120	45	25	25
English and non-official language	525	245	280	165	75	85
French and non-official language	30	15	20	0	5	0
English, French and non-official language	20	10	10	0	0	0
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	91,275	44,875	46,400	11,940	6,075	5,870
Single responses	90,040	44,310	45,735	11,785	5,995	5,785
Official languages	88,170	43,395	44,775	10,190	5,215	4,975
English	87,700	43,180	44,525	10,015	5,135	4,885
French	465	215	250	175	80	90
Non-official languages	1,870	910	960	1,590	780	810
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	5	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	1,870	910	960	1,590	780	810
Afro-Asiatic languages	115	55	60	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	115	55	60	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	100	50	55	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	5	0	5	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	5	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	5	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	55	25	35	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	55	25	35	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	90	40	55	10	5	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	5	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	5	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	85	35	45	5	5	5
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	110	55	60	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	5	5	5	0	0	0
Tamil	100	45	50	0	0	0
Telugu	5	0	5	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	1,235	615	620	1,570	770	805
Albanian	10	5	5	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	5	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	360	170	190	30	15	10
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	5	5	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	355	170	190	30	15	15
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	5	0	5	0	0	0
Croatian	10	10	5	5	0	0
Czech	5	0	5	0	0	0
Macedonian	15	5	10	0	0	0
Polish	210	105	110	0	0	0
Russian	55	20	30	20	10	10
Serbian	20	15	10	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	5	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	5	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	25	10	10	5	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	5	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	5	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	65	30	35	1,485	730	755
Afrikaans	10	5	0	5	5	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	25	10	15	5	0	0
Frisian	0	0	5	0	0	0
German	30	20	15	1,475	720	755
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	25	10	15	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	275	135	140	30	10	15
Indo-Aryan languages	210	110	105	30	10	10
Bengali	15	10	5	0	0	0
Gujarati	20	5	10	5	0	5
Hindi	25	10	15	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	5	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	50	25	25	15	10	10
Sindhi	5	5	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	5	5	0	0	0
Urdu	80	45	40	0	0	0
Iranian languages	65	30	35	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	60	30	35	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	495	255	240	40	15	20
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	110	50	65	5	0	0
Portuguese	125	60	70	0	0	0
Romanian	30	15	15	0	0	0
Spanish	225	135	95	35	15	20
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	50	25	20	5	5	5
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	25	10	10	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	5	5	5	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	5	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	5	5	5	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	30	25	5	5	5	0
American Sign Language	10	5	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	20	15	10	5	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	110	50	60	5	0	0
Chinese languages	105	45	60	5	5	0
Cantonese	35	15	20	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	65	30	35	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	5	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	5	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	45	20	30	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	5	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	45	20	25	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	1,235	565	665	160	75	85
English and French	135	55	85	30	15	15
English and non-official language	1,065	505	565	125	60	70
French and non-official language	10	5	5	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	20	5	10	0	0	0
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	91,275	44,870	46,400	11,940	6,070	5,870
None	86,520	42,700	43,820	10,415	5,340	5,080
English	1,160	550	610	970	470	500
French	1,220	515	705	295	140	155
Non-official language	2,320	1,085	1,235	250	115	130
Aboriginal	0	0	0	10	5	5
Non-Aboriginal	2,315	1,080	1,235	240	110	130
English and French	0	5	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	10	5	5	5	5	0
French and non-official language	40	20	20	5	0	0
English, French and non-official language	5	0	0	0	0	0
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	74,065	36,125	37,940	8,310	4,255	4,055
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	70,680	34,620	36,060	7,960	4,060	3,890
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	41,820	51,585	33,131	46,309	58,182	36,468
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	70,720	34,625	36,095	7,960	4,065	3,900
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	37,031	44,512	29,980	39,264	48,081	31,730
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	65,940	32,945	33,000	7,695	3,975	3,715
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	39,392	49,952	30,114	43,500	56,293	33,897
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	48,300	20,965	27,335	4,770	1,945	2,825
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	3,893	1,854	4,787	3,853	4,448	3,842
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	57,075	29,570	27,500	6,725	3,565	3,160
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	39,716	49,517	33,016	43,597	55,881	34,880
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	74,060	36,125	37,935	8,315	4,240	4,075
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	70,700	34,695	36,010	7,955	4,020	3,935
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	50,751	61,239	40,644	57,041	66,445	47,441
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	70,740	34,700	36,040	7,955	4,020	3,940
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	41,767	49,355	34,461	45,081	51,322	38,715
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	65,805	33,050	32,760	7,705	3,935	3,770
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	49,407	60,178	38,542	54,816	64,505	44,708
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	48,275	20,785	27,490	4,780	1,930	2,850
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	6,975	6,540	7,304	6,567	6,851	6,374
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	57,070	29,660	27,415	6,725	3,515	3,205
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	48,302	56,379	39,562	52,000	62,151	40,861
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	74,065	36,120	37,940	8,315	4,240	4,075
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	29,000	16,420	12,585	3,795	2,275	1,520
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	61,686	69,644	53,717	64,590	69,537	55,737
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	68,625	76,600	58,221	69,780	77,026	58,944
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	90.6	93.6	86.3	93.2	95.2	90.0
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	76.3	78.1	73.6	78.5	81.1	74.1
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	9.4	6.4	13.7	6.8	4.9	10.0
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	74,065	36,125	37,940	8,310	4,250	4,060
Without total income	3,380	1,505	1,875	350	190	165
With total income	70,680	34,620	36,065	7,960	4,065	3,895
Percentage with total income	95.4	95.8	95.1	95.8	95.6	95.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	9,170	3,535	5,635	820	305	515
$10,000 to $19,999	9,670	3,485	6,185	970	360	610
$20,000 to $29,999	7,785	2,880	4,900	835	340	500
$30,000 to $39,999	7,350	3,170	4,180	845	345	500
$40,000 to $49,999	7,615	3,650	3,965	800	390	410
$50,000 to $59,999	6,410	3,370	3,040	695	360	335
$60,000 to $69,999	5,095	2,890	2,205	670	370	300
$70,000 to $79,999	4,085	2,475	1,615	535	330	205
$80,000 to $89,999	3,410	2,075	1,330	455	280	175
$90,000 to $99,999	2,955	1,740	1,215	330	225	105
$100,000 and over	7,145	5,355	1,795	995	760	235
$100,000 to $149,999	5,355	3,905	1,455	690	510	180
$150,000 and over	1,795	1,450	340	305	255	55
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	74,060	36,125	37,940	8,310	4,255	4,060
Without after-tax income	3,345	1,500	1,845	350	190	155
With after-tax income	70,720	34,620	36,095	7,965	4,060	3,895
Percentage with after-tax income	95.5	95.8	95.1	95.8	95.4	95.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	9,525	3,595	5,930	885	320	565
$10,000 to $19,999	10,105	3,670	6,435	1,050	400	650
$20,000 to $29,999	9,250	3,555	5,700	1,045	425	620
$30,000 to $39,999	9,420	4,305	5,115	1,080	480	600
$40,000 to $49,999	8,995	4,605	4,395	985	515	470
$50,000 to $59,999	6,890	3,930	2,960	855	485	370
$60,000 to $69,999	5,230	3,215	2,020	730	460	275
$70,000 to $79,999	4,200	2,520	1,680	480	320	160
$80,000 and over	7,100	5,240	1,860	850	665	190
$80,000 to $89,999	2,705	1,800	905	285	215	65
$90,000 to $99,999	1,575	1,180	395	165	125	40
$100,000 and over	2,820	2,255	565	405	320	85
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	74,060	36,125	37,935	8,310	4,255	4,055
Without employment income	16,990	6,550	10,440	1,580	685	895
With employment income	57,075	29,575	27,500	6,725	3,565	3,160
Percentage with employment income	77.1	81.9	72.5	80.9	83.8	77.9
Under $5,000 (including loss)	8,350	4,435	3,920	715	335	380
$5,000 to $9,999	4,090	1,650	2,440	455	195	260
$10,000 to $19,999	6,205	2,580	3,630	725	320	400
$20,000 to $29,999	4,905	2,035	2,870	625	260	370
$30,000 to $39,999	5,140	2,040	3,105	620	260	360
$40,000 to $49,999	4,915	2,150	2,765	550	250	295
$50,000 to $59,999	4,620	2,395	2,230	575	295	285
$60,000 to $69,999	3,855	2,165	1,685	530	295	235
$70,000 to $79,999	3,395	2,065	1,330	445	280	165
$80,000 and over	11,595	8,055	3,535	1,485	1,080	405
$80,000 to $89,999	2,945	1,830	1,115	385	245	145
$90,000 to $99,999	2,640	1,560	1,075	285	195	95
$100,000 and over	6,010	4,670	1,345	805	645	160
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	32,835	...	...	3,675	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	95,753	...	...	109,483	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	81,631	...	...	89,639	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	5,755	...	...	510	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	46,277	...	...	43,520	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	40,082	...	...	37,504	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	27,085	...	...	3,165	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	107,398	...	...	119,532	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	91,123	...	...	97,984	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	32,835	...	...	3,680	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	109,266	...	...	123,342	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	89,971	...	...	97,523	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	5,755	...	...	495	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	55,610	...	...	54,708	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	45,831	...	...	44,136	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	27,085	...	...	3,180	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	120,670	...	...	134,044	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	99,353	...	...	105,848	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	32,840	...	...	3,680	...	...
Under $5,000	175	...	...	20	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	145	...	...	15	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	315	...	...	35	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	480	...	...	55	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	670	...	...	70	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	725	...	...	65	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	880	...	...	75	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	875	...	...	85	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,015	...	...	75	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,025	...	...	95	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,225	...	...	185	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,220	...	...	205	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,210	...	...	225	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,215	...	...	210	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,150	...	...	210	...	...
$100,000 and over	15,510	...	...	2,055	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,695	...	...	545	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,645	...	...	495	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	4,360	...	...	570	...	...
$200,000 and over	2,815	...	...	450	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	32,840	...	...	3,675	...	...
Under $5,000	205	...	...	30	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	155	...	...	15	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	340	...	...	40	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	505	...	...	60	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	760	...	...	80	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	835	...	...	75	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,010	...	...	105	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,175	...	...	95	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,225	...	...	100	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,300	...	...	130	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,860	...	...	275	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,720	...	...	255	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,875	...	...	290	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,715	...	...	300	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,425	...	...	280	...	...
$100,000 and over	11,735	...	...	1,545	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,895	...	...	645	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,155	...	...	410	...	...
$150,000 and over	3,685	...	...	485	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	26,655	...	...	3,130	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	106,547	...	...	119,296	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	90,466	...	...	97,792	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.1	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	8,745	...	...	1,215	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	87,929	...	...	100,096	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	75,828	...	...	81,248	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	13,625	...	...	1,635	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	130,673	...	...	141,385	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	109,305	...	...	113,818	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	4.0	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	3,735	...	...	230	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	67,806	...	...	70,042	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	60,341	...	...	60,800	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	26,620	...	...	3,145	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	120,154	...	...	133,868	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	98,843	...	...	105,627	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	8,715	...	...	1,240	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	102,921	...	...	112,426	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	84,476	...	...	87,030	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	13,670	...	...	1,625	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	142,637	...	...	152,706	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	116,783	...	...	121,123	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,705	...	...	230	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	77,625	...	...	124,707	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	65,825	...	...	102,526	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	7,600	3,660	3,940	635	365	265
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	43,131	50,063	37,562	41,301	47,904	34,272
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	37,538	42,573	33,803	35,456	39,712	30,400
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	7,605	3,745	3,865	620	325	300
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	51,174	59,607	42,997	52,004	58,562	44,803
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	42,464	48,190	36,911	42,228	46,805	37,203
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	91,195	44,830	46,355	10,455	5,340	5,110
In the bottom half of the distribution	32,260	15,130	17,130	3,105	1,580	1,525
In the bottom decile	3,875	1,765	2,110	375	210	165
In the second decile	4,785	2,120	2,665	460	215	245
In the third decile	6,375	2,930	3,445	590	300	285
In the fourth decile	7,840	3,755	4,085	675	330	340
In the fifth decile	9,375	4,550	4,825	1,005	525	480
In the top half of the distribution	58,935	29,705	29,230	7,350	3,755	3,590
In the sixth decile	10,280	5,090	5,190	1,235	620	610
In the seventh decile	11,880	5,875	6,005	1,335	685	650
In the eighth decile	13,080	6,610	6,470	1,625	830	800
In the ninth decile	13,465	6,850	6,615	1,665	850	815
In the top decile	10,230	5,275	4,955	1,485	770	715
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	91,195	44,830	46,360	10,450	5,340	5,110
0 to 17 years	20,775	10,470	10,300	2,600	1,330	1,270
0 to 5 years	6,695	3,385	3,315	780	425	355
18 to 64 years	58,375	28,705	29,670	6,625	3,375	3,250
65 years and over	12,045	5,660	6,385	1,230	640	590
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	5,805	2,570	3,230	640	340	300
0 to 17 years	1,740	875	870	190	105	85
0 to 5 years	525	275	250	60	35	30
18 to 64 years	3,295	1,435	1,855	335	185	155
65 years and over	770	270	500	115	55	65
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	6.4	5.7	7.0	6.1	6.4	5.9
0 to 17 years (%)	8.4	8.4	8.4	7.3	7.9	6.7
0 to 5 years (%)	7.8	8.1	7.5	7.7	8.2	8.5
18 to 64 years (%)	5.6	5.0	6.3	5.1	5.5	4.8
65 years and over (%)	6.4	4.8	7.8	9.3	8.6	11.0
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	2,720	1,255	1,465	155	85	65
0 to 17 years	755	360	390	35	25	15
0 to 5 years	225	110	115	5	5	0
18 to 64 years	1,800	835	965	105	55	45
65 years and over	170	60	110	20	10	5
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.0	2.8	3.2	1.5	1.6	1.3
0 to 17 years (%)	3.6	3.4	3.8	1.3	1.9	1.2
0 to 5 years (%)	3.4	3.2	3.5	0.6	1.2	0.0
18 to 64 years (%)	3.1	2.9	3.3	1.6	1.6	1.4
65 years and over (%)	1.4	1.1	1.7	1.6	1.6	0.8
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	91,190	44,835	46,360	10,455	5,340	5,115
Official languages	90,890	44,645	46,245	10,440	5,335	5,105
English	90,880	44,645	46,235	10,420	5,330	5,095
French	6,685	2,775	3,910	1,370	670	705
Non-official languages	8,420	4,120	4,300	860	405	460
Aboriginal languages	15	10	0	0	0	10
Algonquian languages	0	10	0	0	0	10
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	10
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	10	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	10	10	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	10	0	10	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	10	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	10	10	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	8,405	4,110	4,300	855	400	450
Afro-Asiatic languages	380	195	190	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	30	15	10	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	30	15	15	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	355	185	170	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	290	150	140	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	20	10	10	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	15	10	10	0	0	0
Maltese	35	20	20	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	10	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	115	60	60	10	10	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	105	55	55	10	10	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	385	140	245	30	10	25
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	15	0	10	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	30	10	25	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	30	10	20	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	340	125	220	30	10	20
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	90	40	50	10	0	10
Haitian Creole	10	10	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	45	15	30	10	0	10
Creole languages, n.i.e.	40	20	20	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	270	150	125	0	0	0
Kannada	10	10	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	20	10	15	0	0	0
Tamil	230	135	95	0	0	0
Telugu	15	0	10	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	6,315	3,205	3,115	715	345	370
Albanian	30	15	15	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,475	730	745	115	60	50
Baltic languages	10	10	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	1,465	725	745	115	65	50
Belarusan	0	10	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	10	0	0	0	0
Croatian	100	70	30	10	0	0
Czech	10	10	0	0	0	10
Macedonian	100	50	50	0	0	0
Polish	790	360	430	25	10	15
Russian	165	65	95	10	0	10
Serbian	65	35	35	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	25	10	15	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	30	15	15	0	0	0
Ukrainian	250	145	105	70	45	25
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0	0	0
Celtic languages	35	20	15	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	15	10	10	0	0	0
Welsh	10	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	0	0	0
Germanic languages	1,450	720	730	480	250	230
Afrikaans	20	0	15	10	10	10
Danish	25	0	15	0	0	0
Dutch	690	365	325	0	0	10
Frisian	45	10	30	0	0	0
German	685	335	350	460	240	215
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Swedish	25	10	15	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	10	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	195	100	100	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	700	365	335	30	10	15
Indo-Aryan languages	540	280	250	30	10	15
Bengali	0	0	10	0	0	0
Gujarati	10	10	10	0	0	0
Hindi	165	80	90	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	35	20	15	0	0	0
Marathi	10	10	0	0	0	0
Nepali	10	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	175	90	85	30	10	20
Sindhi	10	0	10	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	15	15	0	0	0	0
Urdu	210	115	90	0	0	0
Iranian languages	185	85	95	0	0	0
Kurdish	15	10	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	175	80	90	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,525	1,305	1,220	110	35	80
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	910	440	465	10	0	10
Portuguese	500	260	240	35	10	20
Romanian	120	55	60	0	0	0
Spanish	1,045	570	475	65	20	45
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0	0	0
Japanese	15	0	15	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	75	40	30	10	10	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	130	65	60	20	10	10
Akan (Twi)	35	20	15	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	10	10	10	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	10	0	0	0	0
Lingala	20	0	15	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	35	20	15	10	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	20	0	15	10	0	10
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	140	30	105	30	10	25
American Sign Language	100	15	80	10	0	10
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	40	10	30	20	0	20
Sino-Tibetan languages	315	110	210	20	10	10
Chinese languages	275	95	185	20	15	10
Cantonese	115	30	90	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	125	35	90	10	0	10
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	10	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	45	25	20	10	10	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	50	25	25	0	0	0
Burmese	10	10	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	35	15	20	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	25	10	15	10	10	10
Lao	20	10	15	0	0	0
Thai	10	0	0	10	10	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	35	15	15	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	35	20	20	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	240	125	120	10	10	10
Estonian	15	10	10	0	0	0
Finnish	25	10	15	0	0	0
Hungarian	195	100	95	0	10	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	20	10	15	0	0	0
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	91,190	44,830	46,360	10,455	5,340	5,115
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	89,205	43,865	45,340	10,225	5,255	4,975
Canadian citizens aged under 18	20,630	10,315	10,310	2,615	1,355	1,260
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	68,580	33,550	35,025	7,605	3,890	3,715
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	1,985	970	1,020	230	90	140
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	91,190	44,830	46,360	10,450	5,340	5,110
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	79,890	39,415	40,475	9,850	5,050	4,795
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	11,045	5,235	5,810	585	275	305
Before 1981	5,940	2,830	3,105	215	105	115
1981 to 1990	1,645	765	885	90	50	40
1991 to 2000	1,550	725	820	75	40	40
2001 to 2010	1,460	695	765	160	85	75
2001 to 2005	745	340	405	70	30	35
2006 to 2010	715	360	355	90	50	40
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	455	215	240	40	10	40
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	255	185	75	20	10	10
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	11,045	5,235	5,810	585	275	305
Under 5 years	1,670	865	805	65	40	20
5 to 14 years	2,445	1,230	1,215	175	100	80
15 to 24 years	2,835	1,160	1,675	125	45	85
25 to 44 years	3,710	1,820	1,890	165	70	90
45 years and over	390	160	230	55	30	30
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	11,045	5,235	5,815	585	275	310
Americas	2,395	1,125	1,270	140	50	95
Brazil	35	15	20	0	0	0
Colombia	105	55	45	0	0	0
El Salvador	45	20	20	10	10	0
Guyana	365	160	210	0	10	0
Haiti	10	10	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	540	275	260	10	10	0
Mexico	75	35	35	15	10	10
Peru	30	10	25	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	300	155	140	0	0	0
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	515	230	285	85	15	70
Other places of birth in Americas	390	170	220	20	10	10
Europe	6,395	3,055	3,345	310	165	150
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	10	0	0	0
Croatia	50	35	15	10	0	10
France	35	15	15	40	20	25
Germany	355	155	200	95	50	45
Greece	75	45	25	0	0	0
Hungary	110	70	45	0	0	0
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	125	55	65	10	0	0
Italy	415	220	195	0	0	0
Netherlands	605	320	285	0	0	0
Poland	460	185	275	15	10	0
Portugal	265	135	130	15	0	10
Romania	120	60	65	0	0	0
Russian Federation	55	20	40	0	0	10
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	75	45	25	0	0	0
Ukraine	65	45	25	15	15	10
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	3,225	1,485	1,745	85	50	35
Other places of birth in Europe	355	170	185	15	15	0
Africa	415	190	220	30	15	15
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	35	25	15	0	0	0
Ethiopia	20	10	0	0	0	0
Kenya	35	15	20	10	0	0
Morocco	10	10	10	0	0	0
Nigeria	15	0	15	10	10	10
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	85	35	50	10	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	215	100	115	0	0	0
Asia	1,770	830	940	100	50	50
Afghanistan	65	35	30	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	145	55	85	20	10	10
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	55	15	45	0	0	0
India	300	155	150	25	15	15
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	30	15	20	0	0	0
Iraq	25	15	10	0	0	0
Japan	10	0	0	0	10	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	75	35	40	0	0	0
Lebanon	65	35	30	0	0	0
Pakistan	125	70	55	0	0	0
Philippines	360	135	225	35	10	20
Sri Lanka	160	80	80	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	10	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwan	10	0	10	0	0	0
Viet Nam	85	35	50	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	265	140	120	15	10	0
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	70	30	40	0	0	0
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	450	215	235	45	10	35
Americas	125	75	50	0	0	0
Brazil	15	10	10	0	0	0
Colombia	40	25	10	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haiti	0	10	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	10	0	10	0	0	0
Mexico	20	10	10	0	0	10
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	30	15	10	0	0	0
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	10	0	0	0
Europe	90	45	45	10	0	10
France	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukraine	15	0	0	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	55	30	30	15	10	10
Other places of birth in Europe	10	0	10	0	0	0
Africa	25	10	15	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	10	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	15	0	15	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	10	10	0	0	0	0
Asia	205	80	125	25	0	20
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	30	15	15	0	0	10
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	0	0	0	0	0	0
India	50	25	30	0	0	0
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	0	0	10	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	15	10	10	0	0	0
Philippines	65	20	50	15	0	15
Saudi Arabia	0	0	10	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	25	10	15	10	0	10
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	10	10	0	0	0	0
Australia	10	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	91,190	44,830	46,360	10,455	5,340	5,115
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	11,635	5,580	6,055	630	295	335
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	18,285	9,050	9,235	1,360	655	705
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	61,270	30,205	31,065	8,465	4,390	4,070
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	5,285	2,500	2,785	380	185	200
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	2,340	1,120	1,220	230	115	120
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	905	585	320	65	40	25
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	1,435	530	900	170	75	95
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	2,115	910	1,200	145	60	80
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	790	450	340	0	0	0
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	40	20	20	0	0	0
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	91,190	44,830	46,360	10,450	5,340	5,110
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	2,330	1,150	1,175	1,115	545	575
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	2,220	1,120	1,100	1,090	540	555
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	1,260	610	650	120	55	65
Métis	940	505	440	960	480	480
Inuk (Inuit)	15	0	10	15	0	10
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	50	10	40	25	10	20
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	60	20	35	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal identity	88,865	43,680	45,180	9,335	4,795	4,540
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	91,190	44,830	46,355	10,450	5,340	5,110
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	560	320	240	135	60	75
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	90,630	44,510	46,120	10,320	5,280	5,035
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	91,190	44,830	46,355	10,455	5,340	5,115
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	270	160	115	135	75	60
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	270	160	110	115	70	45
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	150	85	65	20	15	0
Métis single ancestry	120	80	45	90	50	35
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	10	10	0
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	0	0	0	20	10	15
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	0	0	0	15	10	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	10	0	10
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	3,685	1,780	1,905	1,250	630	615
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	3,535	1,675	1,860	1,190	615	575
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	2,480	1,170	1,315	225	120	105
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	1,010	485	520	960	490	470
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	45	20	25	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	145	105	40	60	20	35
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	145	105	40	50	20	30
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	10	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	87,240	42,895	44,340	9,075	4,630	4,445
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	91,190	44,830	46,360	10,455	5,340	5,110
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	7,225	3,610	3,605	305	165	140
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	1,540	845	695	55	30	25
Chinese	505	185	315	25	15	10
Black	2,495	1,235	1,260	65	45	20
Filipino	590	260	335	60	25	35
Latin American	570	360	210	20	10	10
Arab	280	160	110	10	0	0
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	220	95	120	20	10	10
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	145	75	75	0	0	0
Korean	105	50	50	10	10	0
Japanese	85	50	30	25	15	15
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	350	120	230	10	0	0
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	340	165	170	0	10	0
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	83,970	41,220	42,750	10,145	5,175	4,970
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	91,190	44,830	46,355	10,455	5,340	5,115
North American Aboriginal origins	3,955	1,940	2,020	1,380	705	670
First Nations (North American Indian)	2,780	1,355	1,425	315	160	150
Inuit	45	20	25	15	0	10
Métis	1,275	670	610	1,130	570	555
Other North American origins	33,585	16,615	16,970	3,195	1,645	1,545
Acadian	115	50	70	0	0	0
American	945	515	430	105	50	55
Canadian	32,845	16,245	16,600	3,105	1,605	1,505
New Brunswicker	10	10	0	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	100	40	60	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Ontarian	15	0	10	0	0	0
Québécois	50	20	25	0	0	0
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	0	0	0	0	0	0
European origins	70,020	34,105	35,910	8,910	4,510	4,400
British Isles origins	52,955	25,520	27,435	4,850	2,440	2,410
Channel Islander	10	0	0	0	0	0
Cornish	0	0	0	0	0	0
English	31,415	15,100	16,315	2,795	1,420	1,380
Irish	22,160	10,265	11,895	1,655	810	845
Manx	15	0	15	10	0	10
Scottish	22,505	10,700	11,805	2,480	1,195	1,285
Welsh	2,245	1,010	1,235	190	100	85
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	3,470	1,585	1,885	215	100	115
French origins	9,920	4,720	5,200	2,090	1,030	1,055
Alsatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	0	0	0
Corsican	0	0	0	0	0	0
French	9,920	4,715	5,205	2,085	1,030	1,060
Western European origins (except French origins)	15,540	7,645	7,900	3,550	1,765	1,785
Austrian	685	385	305	80	40	45
Bavarian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Belgian	275	135	135	510	240	265
Dutch	6,425	3,105	3,320	720	355	370
Flemish	45	25	20	20	20	0
Frisian	40	10	30	0	0	0
German	9,020	4,385	4,630	2,560	1,305	1,260
Luxembourger	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss	420	230	190	150	65	90
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	10	10	0	0	0	0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	2,150	1,020	1,135	1,015	510	510
Danish	465	220	245	60	10	50
Finnish	470	195	270	40	20	20
Icelandic	190	75	115	305	145	155
Norwegian	410	210	200	400	230	170
Swedish	565	260	300	250	120	130
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	160	85	75	10	10	0
Eastern European origins	9,325	4,480	4,845	2,570	1,270	1,295
Bulgarian	25	20	10	0	0	0
Byelorussian	55	45	0	10	0	0
Czech	165	85	80	90	20	75
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	110	55	55	25	20	0
Estonian	85	50	40	0	0	0
Hungarian	935	460	480	55	25	25
Latvian	90	50	40	15	0	15
Lithuanian	115	55	60	0	0	10
Moldovan	20	15	10	0	0	0
Polish	3,865	1,800	2,060	765	390	375
Romanian	315	170	150	35	15	20
Russian	900	375	525	575	290	285
Slovak	270	130	140	50	40	10
Ukrainian	3,700	1,805	1,895	1,490	745	745
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	0	0	0	10	10	0
Southern European origins	9,425	4,680	4,750	365	155	205
Albanian	75	35	40	0	0	0
Bosnian	15	10	0	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	330	200	120	10	0	10
Cypriot	25	0	10	0	0	0
Greek	780	380	400	15	0	10
Italian	4,775	2,390	2,385	215	105	110
Kosovar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	355	190	170	0	0	0
Maltese	585	280	310	0	0	0
Montenegrin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	1,680	820	860	60	20	35
Serbian	170	85	90	20	10	15
Sicilian	60	20	40	0	0	0
Slovenian	135	60	75	0	0	0
Spanish	955	490	470	45	10	35
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	190	100	95	0	10	0
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other European origins	430	220	205	60	30	30
Basque	15	0	10	10	0	0
Jewish	170	80	85	30	15	10
Roma (Gypsy)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	10	0	0	0	0	0
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	245	135	110	30	15	15
Caribbean origins	2,715	1,330	1,385	45	25	15
Antiguan	30	20	10	0	0	0
Bahamian	20	15	10	0	0	0
Barbadian	230	115	120	0	0	0
Bermudan	0	10	0	0	0	0
Carib	20	10	10	0	0	0
Cuban	25	10	20	0	0	0
Dominican	45	20	30	0	0	0
Grenadian	130	75	55	0	0	0
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	25	10	15	0	0	0
Jamaican	1,530	770	760	25	15	10
Kittitian/Nevisian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Martinican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montserratan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	0	0	0	0	0	0
St. Lucian	45	20	25	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	395	155	240	0	0	10
Vincentian/Grenadinian	50	20	35	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	400	160	240	0	0	0
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	75	50	25	15	10	0
Latin, Central and South American origins	1,525	740	785	65	25	40
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	15	10	10	0	0	0
Arawak	10	0	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Belizean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bolivian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Brazilian	50	10	35	0	0	0
Chilean	45	10	30	10	10	0
Colombian	150	85	65	0	0	0
Costa Rican	10	0	0	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	60	10	50	0	0	0
Guatemalan	45	25	15	0	0	0
Guyanese	590	265	330	10	10	0
Hispanic	30	10	20	0	0	0
Honduran	10	0	10	0	0	0
Maya	30	10	20	0	0	0
Mexican	260	200	60	35	0	30
Nicaraguan	30	15	15	0	0	0
Panamanian	30	10	20	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0	0	10
Peruvian	70	25	40	0	0	0
Salvadorean	65	35	35	15	10	10
Uruguayan	30	25	10	0	0	0
Venezuelan	35	15	20	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	35	20	20	0	0	0
African origins	1,155	600	555	50	20	25
Central and West African origins	225	125	100	25	20	0
Akan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Angolan	25	20	0	0	0	0
Ashanti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burkinabe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroonian	20	10	10	0	0	0
Chadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congolese	70	35	40	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gabonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	55	30	20	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ibo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ivorian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Liberian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malinké	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	50	30	20	30	20	10
Peulh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sierra Leonean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Togolese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	0	0	0	0	0	0
North African origins	160	90	70	0	0	0
Algerian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	70	30	40	0	0	0
Libyan	20	15	0	0	0	0
Maure	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moroccan	10	10	0	0	0	0
Sudanese	10	10	10	0	0	0
Tunisian	20	10	10	0	0	0
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	35	15	20	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins	305	160	150	20	0	10
Afrikaner	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	10	10	0	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Djiboutian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	20	10	10	0	0	0
Ethiopian	35	20	15	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	50	30	25	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	10	10	10
Mauritian	10	10	10	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Seychellois	0	0	0	15	10	10
Somali	0	0	10	0	0	0
South African	160	90	70	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zambian	20	10	10	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zulu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other African origins	530	255	270	10	0	10
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	115	70	45	0	0	0
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	445	205	240	0	0	0
Asian origins	4,655	2,255	2,400	285	145	140
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	935	465	470	35	15	15
Afghan	170	85	80	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	110	50	60	0	0	0
Armenian	50	25	25	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hazara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian	75	30	40	10	15	0
Iraqi	55	40	15	0	0	0
Israeli	10	0	0	10	0	0
Jordanian	35	30	10	0	0	0
Kazakh	10	0	0	0	0	0
Kurd	30	15	10	0	0	0
Kuwaiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanese	300	150	145	0	10	10
Palestinian	70	30	40	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saudi Arabian	0	0	10	0	0	0
Syrian	25	10	15	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tatar	15	10	10	0	0	0
Turk	45	20	20	0	0	0
Turkmen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uighur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	35	25	10	0	0	0
South Asian origins	1,900	1,025	880	80	45	40
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bhutanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
East Indian	1,420	760	660	75	40	35
Goan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	10	10	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistani	170	100	70	10	10	10
Punjabi	20	20	0	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	200	115	85	0	0	0
Tamil	85	50	30	0	0	0
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	70	25	45	0	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins	1,930	815	1,115	170	80	85
Burmese	20	10	15	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	10	10	0	0	0	0
Chinese	780	305	475	25	15	10
Filipino	675	290	385	80	40	45
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	35	10	25	0	0	0
Japanese	120	60	60	35	10	25
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	105	45	60	10	10	10
Laotian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Malaysian	50	20	25	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Singaporean	10	10	0	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	30	0	30	10	10	10
Tibetan	35	15	20	0	0	0
Vietnamese	130	70	60	10	10	0
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other Asian origins	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oceania origins	145	65	80	10	10	0
Australian	100	45	55	10	10	0
New Zealander	55	30	30	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hawaiian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maori	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Samoan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	32,840	...	...	3,675	...	...
Owner	28,935	...	...	3,405	...	...
Renter	3,900	...	...	275	...	...
Band housing	0	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	32,840	...	...	3,680	...	...
Condominium	1,715	...	...	115	...	...
Not condominium	31,125	...	...	3,565	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	32,840	...	...	3,680	...	...
No bedrooms	45	...	...	0	...	...
1 bedroom	1,285	...	...	100	...	...
2 bedrooms	4,465	...	...	425	...	...
3 bedrooms	15,615	...	...	1,605	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	11,425	...	...	1,550	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	32,835	...	...	3,675	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	3,315	...	...	220	...	...
5 rooms	4,115	...	...	435	...	...
6 rooms	6,200	...	...	635	...	...
7 rooms	5,845	...	...	540	...	...
8 or more rooms	13,365	...	...	1,850	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	7.2	...	...	7.7	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	32,835	...	...	3,675	...	...
One person or fewer per room	32,675	...	...	3,670	...	...
More than 1 person per room	165	...	...	15	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	32,835	...	...	3,680	...	...
Suitable	31,935	...	...	3,645	...	...
Not suitable	905	...	...	35	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	32,840	...	...	3,675	...	...
1960 or before	4,610	...	...	670	...	...
1961 to 1980	5,270	...	...	840	...	...
1981 to 1990	5,850	...	...	430	...	...
1991 to 2000	6,805	...	...	680	...	...
2001 to 2005	3,565	...	...	275	...	...
2006 to 2010	3,570	...	...	385	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	3,160	...	...	400	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	32,835	...	...	3,680	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	31,590	...	...	3,495	...	...
Major repairs needed	1,250	...	...	185	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	32,835	...	...	3,680	...	...
1 household maintainer	16,310	...	...	1,635	...	...
2 household maintainers	15,880	...	...	2,015	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	650	...	...	30	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	32,835	...	...	3,675	...	...
15 to 24 years	295	...	...	30	...	...
25 to 34 years	4,590	...	...	445	...	...
35 to 44 years	6,465	...	...	720	...	...
45 to 54 years	7,875	...	...	900	...	...
55 to 64 years	6,470	...	...	795	...	...
65 to 74 years	4,265	...	...	525	...	...
75 to 84 years	2,230	...	...	185	...	...
85 years and over	650	...	...	65	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	32,545	...	...	3,430	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	26,225	...	...	3,075	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	6,325	...	...	355	...	...
30% to less than 100%	5,710	...	...	320	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	28,675	...	...	3,175	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	69.7	...	...	67.4	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	15.8	...	...	8.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,529	...	...	1,301	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,535	...	...	1,393	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	400,945	...	...	379,128	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	447,499	...	...	418,932	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	3,880	...	...	265	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	8.4	...	...	0.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	46.1	...	...	28.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,148	...	...	719	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,197	...	...	787	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	74,060	36,120	37,940	8,315	4,240	4,075
No certificate, diploma or degree	12,385	6,420	5,960	1,325	760	560
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	21,740	11,090	10,640	2,375	1,175	1,205
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	39,940	18,605	21,335	4,610	2,300	2,315
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	5,465	4,175	1,290	840	675	165
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	2,220	1,440	780	350	225	120
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	3,245	2,735	515	490	450	40
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	21,825	9,350	12,475	1,600	685	915
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,260	545	715	445	210	235
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	11,395	4,540	6,855	1,730	730	1,005
Bachelor's degree	8,475	3,360	5,120	1,295	555	740
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	905	290	620	160	60	100
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	260	130	120	25	15	0
Master's degree	1,630	700	930	220	85	135
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	125	55	65	25	10	10
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	49,940	24,310	25,635	5,735	2,875	2,865
No certificate, diploma or degree	4,495	2,720	1,775	445	300	150
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	13,415	7,115	6,300	1,565	790	785
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	32,030	14,475	17,560	3,725	1,785	1,935
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	3,905	3,005	905	655	510	150
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	1,565	1,035	525	255	155	100
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	2,340	1,970	380	395	355	45
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	17,810	7,460	10,345	1,270	560	710
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	890	380	505	340	155	180
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	9,425	3,625	5,795	1,455	565	895
Bachelor's degree	6,940	2,705	4,240	1,095	425	670
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	780	230	550	125	45	80
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	205	95	110	20	10	10
Master's degree	1,405	555	850	195	70	125
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	90	40	50	25	15	10
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	74,060	36,125	37,940	8,315	4,235	4,075
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	34,120	17,515	16,605	3,695	1,935	1,760
Education	2,525	575	1,950	370	85	280
13. Education	2,525	575	1,950	370	85	285
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,370	655	720	70	20	50
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	310	225	85	10	15	0
50. Visual and performing arts	1,060	430	630	60	10	50
Humanities	1,460	555	905	165	55	105
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	125	20	105	10	0	10
23. English language and literature/letters	440	110	325	35	20	10
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	335	120	215	75	20	55
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	10	0	10	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	90	65	20	10	10	10
39. Theology and religious vocations	175	115	65	20	0	20
54. History	215	120	95	10	0	10
55. French language and literature/letters	80	10	70	10	0	10
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,900	1,185	3,720	355	110	245
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	40	0	35	10	0	10
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	615	190	420	30	0	25
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,110	55	1,050	65	0	65
22. Legal professions and studies	1,025	165	860	55	15	40
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	100	20	85	10	10	0
42. Psychology	765	135	630	50	10	40
45. Social sciences	1,250	610	645	140	80	60
Business, management and public administration	7,350	2,475	4,880	895	360	540
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	10	0	10
44. Public administration and social service professions	875	95	780	90	20	70
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	6,475	2,385	4,090	805	340	470
Physical and life sciences and technologies	990	490	505	155	85	70
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	395	155	240	50	30	20
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	260	125	140	65	40	25
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	10	0	10	15	0	15
40. Physical sciences	245	165	80	15	10	10
41. Science technologies/technicians	80	45	40	10	10	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,180	780	405	110	55	55
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	965	665	295	105	60	50
25. Library science	35	0	25	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	165	100	65	0	0	10
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	15	10	10	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	9,315	8,750	565	1,015	975	40
04. Architecture and related services	175	155	25	20	15	0
14. Engineering	930	805	130	85	80	10
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	2,505	2,240	260	195	180	15
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	2,040	1,975	55	245	250	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,430	2,355	75	370	365	10
48. Precision production	1,240	1,215	25	95	90	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	705	450	255	415	335	80
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	400	255	145	395	315	80
03. Natural resources and conservation	305	200	105	15	20	0
Health and related fields	6,755	960	5,790	785	75	710
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	665	335	340	40	0	40
51. Health professions and related programs	6,035	605	5,430	735	70	665
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	50	25	25	10	10	10
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,365	1,735	1,640	280	155	130
12. Personal and culinary services	1,370	250	1,120	140	30	110
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	10	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	0	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	1,540	1,060	485	90	70	20
49. Transportation and materials moving	440	410	30	55	55	0
Other	15	0	10	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	15	0	10	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	49,940	24,305	25,630	5,735	2,875	2,865
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	17,910	9,830	8,070	2,015	1,085	925
Education	1,955	470	1,480	280	60	220
13. Education	1,955	470	1,480	280	60	220
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,070	455	615	55	10	45
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	215	140	75	10	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	855	310	535	45	0	45
Humanities	1,070	405	665	110	35	75
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	70	10	60	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	320	85	240	25	10	15
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	235	90	145	55	15	40
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	0	0	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	55	35	15	10	10	10
39. Theology and religious vocations	135	85	55	15	0	10
54. History	180	100	85	10	0	10
55. French language and literature/letters	70	10	65	10	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,140	945	3,200	295	80	210
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	30	0	25	10	0	10
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	520	150	365	25	0	25
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	910	35	880	50	0	50
22. Legal professions and studies	920	120	795	55	15	40
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	85	15	70	10	0	10
42. Psychology	620	100	515	30	0	30
45. Social sciences	1,060	510	545	115	60	55
Business, management and public administration	6,165	2,060	4,105	755	295	455
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0	0	10
44. Public administration and social service professions	740	80	660	90	20	70
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	5,425	1,980	3,445	665	275	385
Physical and life sciences and technologies	805	375	430	120	55	65
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	325	125	195	45	30	20
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	210	95	115	50	25	20
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	10	0	0	10	0	10
40. Physical sciences	185	115	70	15	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	70	40	35	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,035	710	325	105	50	50
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	860	620	240	105	50	50
25. Library science	25	0	20	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	135	80	55	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	20	10	10	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	7,070	6,615	455	810	780	30
04. Architecture and related services	140	120	20	0	0	0
14. Engineering	665	550	115	80	70	10
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	1,920	1,740	185	160	150	10
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	1,535	1,490	40	190	185	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,870	1,800	70	305	295	10
48. Precision production	935	920	20	80	75	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	555	335	220	320	260	65
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	300	175	120	305	240	65
03. Natural resources and conservation	260	165	100	20	15	0
Health and related fields	5,530	785	4,745	650	55	600
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	555	270	285	40	0	40
51. Health professions and related programs	4,930	495	4,435	600	50	555
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	40	15	20	10	10	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,630	1,325	1,305	220	100	115
12. Personal and culinary services	1,080	175	905	110	0	100
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	1,225	850	380	70	50	20
49. Transportation and materials moving	315	290	20	40	40	0
Other	0	0	10	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	10	0	10	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	74,065	36,125	37,940	8,315	4,240	4,075
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	34,120	17,520	16,605	3,700	1,935	1,760
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	39,940	18,610	21,335	4,615	2,300	2,315
Location of study inside Canada	36,645	16,875	19,770	4,420	2,215	2,205
Same as province or territory of residence	34,705	15,985	18,725	3,880	1,900	1,980
Different than province or territory of residence	1,935	890	1,050	535	310	225
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	3,300	1,735	1,565	200	85	115
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	785	465	320	75	40	40
Philippines	165	50	110	15	0	10
India	105	45	60	10	10	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	905	525	385	20	15	10
China^{Census data footnote 162}	40	10	30	15	10	10
France	15	15	0	10	0	0
Other	1,290	630	665	50	20	35
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	49,935	24,310	25,635	5,735	2,875	2,865
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	17,905	9,835	8,075	2,015	1,085	930
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	32,035	14,470	17,560	3,725	1,790	1,935
Location of study inside Canada	29,795	13,385	16,415	3,555	1,720	1,835
Same as province or territory of residence	28,300	12,700	15,605	3,115	1,465	1,650
Different than province or territory of residence	1,490	685	810	440	255	190
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	2,235	1,090	1,145	165	65	100
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	610	365	250	60	30	40
Philippines	120	35	80	15	0	15
India	105	50	55	0	10	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	405	220	185	15	10	10
China^{Census data footnote 162}	25	0	25	15	10	10
France	15	10	0	10	10	0
Other	960	415	545	45	20	30
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	74,065	36,125	37,940	8,315	4,235	4,075
In the labour force	51,440	26,405	25,035	6,120	3,275	2,850
Employed	47,650	24,305	23,345	5,855	3,105	2,750
Unemployed	3,785	2,100	1,690	270	165	100
Not in the labour force	22,620	9,715	12,900	2,195	965	1,225
Participation rate	69.5	73.1	66.0	73.6	77.3	69.9
Employment rate	64.3	67.3	61.5	70.4	73.3	67.5
Unemployment rate	7.4	8.0	6.8	4.4	5.0	3.5
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	74,060	36,120	37,940	8,310	4,235	4,075
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	21,140	8,965	12,175	1,795	785	1,005
Worked	52,925	27,160	25,760	6,520	3,455	3,070
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	29,520	16,715	12,805	3,905	2,355	1,550
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	23,405	10,445	12,960	2,615	1,095	1,515
Average weeks worked in reference year	43.8	44.5	43.1	44.7	45.1	44.2
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	51,440	26,405	25,035	6,120	3,275	2,850
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	1,050	485	560	35	30	10
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	50,395	25,915	24,475	6,090	3,245	2,845
Employee	45,630	23,020	22,615	5,100	2,620	2,480
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	4,755	2,895	1,860	985	625	365
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	51,440	26,400	25,035	6,120	3,270	2,850
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	1,045	490	560	30	25	10
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	50,390	25,915	24,475	6,090	3,245	2,840
0 Management occupations	5,205	3,265	1,945	1,070	725	340
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	7,505	1,755	5,750	880	220	660
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	2,790	2,205	585	360	295	65
3 Health occupations	3,640	480	3,160	430	45	385
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	6,520	1,990	4,535	850	305	545
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,240	500	745	100	35	65
6 Sales and service occupations	10,965	4,510	6,450	990	350	640
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	8,510	7,945	570	995	950	45
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	895	745	150	245	185	60
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	3,120	2,530	590	170	140	25
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	51,440	26,405	25,035	6,120	3,270	2,845
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	1,050	490	565	30	25	10
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	50,390	25,915	24,475	6,090	3,250	2,840
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	860	585	270	600	435	165
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	115	85	30	20	20	0
22 Utilities	2,190	1,705	480	100	70	25
23 Construction	4,660	4,150	510	565	515	50
31-33 Manufacturing	4,700	3,635	1,065	400	310	85
41 Wholesale trade	1,525	1,085	435	340	270	70
44-45 Retail trade	5,510	2,400	3,110	485	230	260
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,195	1,615	575	270	210	60
51 Information and cultural industries	970	555	415	65	45	25
52 Finance and insurance	1,915	730	1,185	225	90	135
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	845	430	415	50	40	15
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	2,910	1,360	1,550	280	120	160
55 Management of companies and enterprises	60	25	35	0	0	10
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,190	1,295	900	170	110	65
61 Educational services	4,140	1,145	2,990	560	155	405
62 Health care and social assistance	6,230	755	5,475	650	75	575
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,005	525	480	155	55	100
72 Accommodation and food services	2,960	1,105	1,865	270	55	215
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,060	955	1,105	320	160	155
91 Public administration	3,355	1,775	1,580	555	285	270
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	47,655	24,305	23,350	5,850	3,105	2,750
Worked at home	2,960	1,440	1,520	755	460	295
Worked outside Canada	65	55	10	10	10	0
No fixed workplace address	5,445	4,080	1,365	625	515	110
Worked at usual place	39,180	18,725	20,455	4,465	2,125	2,340
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	39,180	18,725	20,455	4,465	2,125	2,340
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	11,025	4,885	6,140	775	325	445
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	18,320	8,065	10,255	145	55	85
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	9,715	5,690	4,025	3,530	1,715	1,810
Commute to a different province or territory	115	80	40	20	20	0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	44,625	22,805	21,815	5,090	2,640	2,455
Car, truck, van - as a driver	38,025	19,785	18,240	4,655	2,450	2,205
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	2,625	1,380	1,250	180	50	125
Public transit	2,365	920	1,450	55	40	15
Walked	1,120	485	635	145	55	95
Bicycle	95	70	25	20	15	0
Other method	395	175	225	30	25	10
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	44,625	22,810	21,820	5,090	2,640	2,455
Less than 15 minutes	10,005	4,280	5,725	875	455	415
15 to 29 minutes	14,485	6,715	7,770	1,595	795	805
30 to 44 minutes	8,515	4,410	4,110	1,630	860	765
45 to 59 minutes	3,725	2,350	1,375	735	385	350
60 minutes and over	7,890	5,050	2,845	260	145	125
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	44,630	22,805	21,820	5,090	2,640	2,450
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	5,295	3,850	1,440	250	165	80
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	9,645	5,950	3,690	1,210	775	435
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	10,825	4,935	5,890	1,750	940	805
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	7,310	2,420	4,885	1,085	465	620
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	3,900	1,385	2,515	335	95	245
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	7,660	4,260	3,400	465	200	270
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	54,170	27,725	26,445	6,645	3,510	3,135
Single responses	53,915	27,630	26,290	6,605	3,495	3,110
Official languages	53,745	27,490	26,255	6,580	3,480	3,095
English	53,480	27,420	26,060	6,500	3,455	3,040
French	265	65	200	85	25	60
Non-official languages	175	145	30	25	10	15
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	175	145	35	25	10	10
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10	0	10	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	155	140	20	15	0	10
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	15	0	10
Afrikaans	0	0	0	10	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	10	0	10
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	20	0	10	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	15	0	10	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	15	10	15	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	130	125	0	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	125	125	10	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	10	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	10	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Cantonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	10	0	0	0	0	10
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	255	95	160	40	15	25
English and French	185	70	120	40	10	25
English and non-official language	65	25	35	0	0	0
French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	10	0	0	0
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	54,170	27,725	26,445	6,645	3,505	3,140
None	53,090	27,270	25,820	6,365	3,375	2,995
English	200	45	150	65	25	45
French	595	255	340	160	85	75
Non-official language	280	140	135	50	30	20
Aboriginal	0	0	0	0	0	10
Non-Aboriginal	280	140	140	45	25	15
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	90,185	44,330	45,855	10,350	5,300	5,050
Non-movers	81,385	40,000	41,385	9,625	4,955	4,665
Movers	8,800	4,330	4,470	730	345	385
Non-migrants	3,635	1,715	1,920	275	130	145
Migrants	5,165	2,615	2,545	450	215	240
Internal migrants	4,995	2,520	2,480	440	205	230
Intraprovincial migrants	4,705	2,340	2,365	355	145	210
Interprovincial migrants	290	175	115	85	60	25
External migrants	165	95	70	15	10	10
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	85,605	42,000	43,605	9,815	4,970	4,845
Non-movers	56,020	27,670	28,355	6,975	3,610	3,365
Movers	29,590	14,330	15,250	2,835	1,355	1,480
Non-migrants	12,995	6,185	6,810	815	390	425
Migrants	16,590	8,145	8,445	2,020	965	1,055
Internal migrants	16,100	7,925	8,175	1,980	960	1,025
Intraprovincial migrants	15,455	7,600	7,855	1,735	820	910
Interprovincial migrants	645	320	325	245	135	110
External migrants	490	225	265	40	10	30

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Clarington, MU [Census subdivision], Ontario and Division No. 10, CDR [Census division], Manitoba (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 13, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Clarington, Municipality [Census subdivision], Ontario and Division No. 10, Census division [Census division], Manitoba

Census Profile, 2016 Census Clarington, Municipality [Census subdivision], Ontario and Division No. 10, Census division [Census division], Manitoba

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How to cite

Census Profile, 2016 Census
Clarington, Municipality [Census subdivision], Ontario and Division No. 10, Census division [Census division], Manitoba