Census Profile, 2016 Census
Toronto [Economic region], Ontario and Canada [Country]

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Toronto Ontario [Economic region]			Canada [Country]
	Data quality , Toronto [Economic region], Ontario Map : Toronto [Economic region], Ontario Change geography 1			Data quality : Canada [Country] Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	6,234,202	...	...	35,151,728	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	5,878,412	...	...	33,476,688	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	6.1	...	...	5.0	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	2,352,468	...	...	15,412,443	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	2,249,703	...	...	14,072,079	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	898.1	...	...	3.9	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	6,941.47	...	...	8,965,588.85	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	6,234,200	3,026,110	3,208,090	35,151,730	17,264,200	17,887,530
0 to 14 years	1,039,970	533,790	506,180	5,839,565	2,992,920	2,846,645
0 to 4 years	326,565	167,265	159,305	1,898,790	973,030	925,760
5 to 9 years	357,060	183,320	173,730	2,018,130	1,034,685	983,445
10 to 14 years	356,345	183,200	173,145	1,922,645	985,200	937,445
15 to 64 years	4,289,265	2,089,550	2,199,715	23,376,530	11,576,130	11,800,400
15 to 19 years	386,265	198,700	187,560	2,026,160	1,039,215	986,940
20 to 24 years	432,340	220,945	211,390	2,242,690	1,144,495	1,098,200
25 to 29 years	441,820	218,575	223,250	2,285,990	1,144,470	1,141,515
30 to 34 years	438,180	210,530	227,645	2,329,395	1,148,290	1,181,110
35 to 39 years	425,755	199,810	225,950	2,288,365	1,118,635	1,169,730
40 to 44 years	435,115	205,570	229,540	2,255,135	1,104,440	1,150,695
45 to 49 years	462,125	220,695	241,425	2,359,965	1,157,760	1,202,210
50 to 54 years	486,620	237,875	248,740	2,678,075	1,318,755	1,359,320
55 to 59 years	430,205	209,590	220,620	2,620,240	1,285,190	1,335,055
60 to 64 years	350,840	167,255	183,580	2,290,510	1,114,885	1,175,630
65 years and over	904,970	402,775	502,195	5,935,630	2,695,150	3,240,485
65 to 69 years	296,470	139,530	156,940	1,972,480	953,075	1,019,405
70 to 74 years	208,245	96,910	111,330	1,420,875	677,975	742,900
75 to 79 years	159,900	71,560	88,340	1,021,850	469,550	552,300
80 to 84 years	119,215	51,655	67,560	749,650	325,765	423,880
85 years and over	121,145	43,115	78,025	770,780	268,790	501,990
85 to 89 years	76,155	29,565	46,595	482,525	185,535	296,990
90 to 94 years	35,235	11,115	24,120	223,510	68,675	154,835
95 to 99 years	8,440	2,195	6,240	56,525	13,240	43,280
100 years and over	1,315	245	1,070	8,230	1,340	6,890
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16.7	17.6	15.8	16.6	17.3	15.9
15 to 64 years	68.8	69.1	68.6	66.5	67.1	66.0
65 years and over	14.5	13.3	15.7	16.9	15.6	18.1
85 years and over	1.9	1.4	2.4	2.2	1.6	2.8
Average age of the population	39.7	38.7	40.6	41.0	40.1	41.9
Median age of the population	39.4	38.2	40.5	41.2	40.2	42.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	2,249,705	...	...	14,072,080	...	...
Single-detached house	921,815	...	...	7,541,495	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	636,695	...	...	1,391,040	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	690,475	...	...	4,949,795	...	...
Semi-detached house	163,675	...	...	698,800	...	...
Row house	206,630	...	...	891,305	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	93,835	...	...	784,300	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	222,615	...	...	2,539,390	...	...
Other single-attached house	3,720	...	...	36,005	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	715	...	...	189,755	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	2,249,705	...	...	14,072,080	...	...
1 person	545,140	...	...	3,969,790	...	...
2 persons	634,980	...	...	4,834,605	...	...
3 persons	394,035	...	...	2,140,640	...	...
4 persons	397,735	...	...	1,946,275	...	...
5 or more persons	277,820	...	...	1,180,770	...	...
Number of persons in private households	6,165,600	...	...	34,460,060	...	...
Average household size	2.7	...	...	2.4	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	5,194,230	2,492,325	2,701,905	29,312,160	14,271,280	15,040,885
Married or living common law	2,902,635	1,451,000	1,451,635	16,893,720	8,452,135	8,441,585
Married	2,587,840	1,291,310	1,296,525	13,383,455	6,693,465	6,689,990
Living common law	314,800	159,685	155,105	3,510,265	1,758,670	1,751,590
Not married and not living common law	2,291,595	1,041,320	1,250,275	12,418,440	5,819,140	6,599,300
Never married	1,607,225	835,095	772,130	8,254,340	4,444,425	3,809,915
Separated	138,685	54,780	83,905	718,295	309,905	408,400
Divorced	287,075	103,290	183,785	1,816,005	725,535	1,090,470
Widowed	258,610	48,160	210,450	1,629,800	339,280	1,290,525
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	1,713,865	...	...	9,840,730	...	...
2 persons	723,000	...	...	5,007,790	...	...
3 persons	418,000	...	...	2,107,830	...	...
4 persons	411,310	...	...	1,909,935	...	...
5 or more persons	161,550	...	...	815,170	...	...
Average size of census families	3.0	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	1,713,865	...	...	9,840,730	...	...
Total couple families	1,404,700	...	...	8,227,925	...	...
Married couples	1,247,420	...	...	6,474,005	...	...
Common-law couples	157,285	...	...	1,753,920	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	309,160	...	...	1,612,805	...	...
Female parent	255,305	...	...	1,262,340	...	...
Male parent	53,860	...	...	350,465	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	1,404,700	...	...	8,227,925	...	...
Couples without children	539,895	...	...	4,024,305	...	...
Couples with children	864,810	...	...	4,203,615	...	...
1 child	327,910	...	...	1,650,165	...	...
2 children	384,680	...	...	1,783,080	...	...
3 or more children	152,220	...	...	770,375	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	309,160	...	...	1,612,805	...	...
1 child	183,105	...	...	983,485	...	...
2 children	90,095	...	...	457,670	...	...
3 or more children	35,965	...	...	171,655	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	964,335	434,985	529,355	6,107,260	2,941,395	3,165,865
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	2,249,705	...	...	14,072,075	...	...
One-census-family households	1,512,445	...	...	9,218,225	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	462,620	...	...	3,782,095	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	1,049,825	...	...	5,436,135	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	96,820	...	...	301,715	...	...
Non-census-family households	640,440	...	...	4,552,135	...	...
One-person households	545,135	...	...	3,969,790	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	95,305	...	...	582,350	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	6,187,365	3,007,255	3,180,105	34,767,255	17,101,170	17,666,080
English only	5,433,360	2,690,825	2,742,540	23,757,525	11,838,075	11,919,455
French only	5,080	2,140	2,940	4,144,685	1,925,845	2,218,840
English and French	488,665	211,120	277,550	6,216,065	3,071,325	3,144,740
Neither English nor French	260,255	103,185	157,075	648,970	265,920	383,045
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	6,187,365	3,007,260	3,180,105	34,767,250	17,101,165	17,666,085
English	5,799,765	2,845,905	2,953,860	26,007,500	12,852,330	13,155,165
French	78,295	36,160	42,140	7,705,755	3,780,105	3,925,650
English and French	52,755	23,825	28,930	417,485	209,130	208,355
Neither English nor French	256,550	101,370	155,175	636,515	259,600	376,910
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	104,675	48,070	56,605	7,914,495	3,884,670	4,029,825
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	1.7	1.6	1.8	22.8	22.7	22.8
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	6,187,365	3,007,255	3,180,105	34,767,255	17,101,170	17,666,085
Single responses	5,945,455	2,890,340	3,055,110	33,948,620	16,702,840	17,245,775
Official languages	3,397,250	1,682,940	1,714,310	26,627,555	13,201,620	13,425,940
English	3,326,120	1,649,935	1,676,185	19,460,850	9,680,125	9,780,725
French	71,130	33,005	38,125	7,166,705	3,521,495	3,645,215
Non-official languages	2,548,200	1,207,395	1,340,805	7,321,065	3,501,220	3,819,840
Aboriginal languages	605	265	340	195,700	94,795	100,900
Algonquian languages	415	180	230	130,450	62,930	67,520
Blackfoot	5	10	0	2,815	1,325	1,490
Cree-Montagnais languages	120	45	75	88,445	42,920	45,530
Atikamekw	0	0	0	6,150	3,135	3,015
Montagnais (Innu)	0	5	0	10,230	4,885	5,350
Moose Cree	10	5	10	100	50	55
Naskapi	0	0	0	1,205	590	620
Northern East Cree	5	5	0	315	125	190
Plains Cree	5	0	5	3,065	1,360	1,710
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	45	20	25
Swampy Cree	30	15	20	1,440	585	850
Woods Cree	5	0	0	1,840	865	975
Cree, n.o.s.	55	25	35	64,050	31,305	32,745
Eastern Algonquian languages	25	10	15	6,990	3,310	3,680
Malecite	0	0	0	305	140	160
Mi'kmaq	25	10	15	6,690	3,170	3,520
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	255	115	140	32,150	15,350	16,800
Algonquin	5	0	5	1,260	590	670
Ojibway	230	110	125	17,890	8,440	9,450
Oji-Cree	10	5	5	12,855	6,260	6,595
Ottawa (Odawa)	10	0	10	150	65	85
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	45	25	20
Athabaskan languages	30	10	15	17,365	8,325	9,045
Northern Athabaskan languages	20	10	15	17,315	8,310	9,010
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	110	55	60
Beaver	0	0	0	190	85	105
Carrier	5	5	0	1,025	465	565
Chilcotin	5	0	0	660	295	360
Dene	10	5	0	10,700	5,185	5,515
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	1,645	840	815
Gwich'in	0	0	0	260	110	145
Sarsi (Sarcee)	10	5	0	80	25	50
Sekani	0	0	0	90	45	45
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	1,995	950	1,045
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	765	365	400
South Slavey	0	0	0	945	455	495
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	280	130	150
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	270	135	140
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	180	90	90
Tahltan	0	0	0	95	40	50
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	290	120	170
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	215	90	135
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	70	30	40
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	50	20	35
Haida	0	0	0	75	35	40
Inuit languages	40	15	25	36,545	18,100	18,445
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	1,025	445	575
Inuktitut	35	15	25	35,215	17,530	17,680
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	315	125	185
Iroquoian languages	20	5	15	1,115	485	635
Cayuga	0	0	0	45	20	20
Mohawk	20	5	10	980	430	555
Oneida	0	0	0	55	20	40
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	35	15	20
Kutenai	0	0	0	105	55	55
Michif	5	0	5	465	230	235
Salish languages	5	0	0	2,305	1,130	1,180
Comox	0	0	0	80	45	40
Halkomelem	0	0	0	475	225	245
Lillooet	0	0	0	315	155	155
Okanagan	0	0	0	270	135	135
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	445	225	220
Squamish	0	0	0	40	20	20
Straits	0	0	0	80	40	40
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	335	150	185
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	255	135	125
Siouan languages	5	0	0	4,285	2,070	2,220
Dakota	0	0	0	1,215	570	635
Stoney	0	0	0	3,025	1,465	1,555
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	55	30	25
Tlingit	0	0	0	95	40	55
Tsimshian languages	5	0	0	1,480	730	755
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	880	435	445
Nisga'a	0	0	0	400	200	200
Tsimshian	0	0	0	200	90	110
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	805	370	435
Haisla	0	0	0	90	40	50
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	95	40	55
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	325	145	185
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	5	0	0	285	135	140
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	90	45	40	585	295	295
Non-Aboriginal languages	2,547,600	1,207,135	1,340,465	7,125,365	3,406,425	3,718,945
Afro-Asiatic languages	141,580	70,725	70,855	575,365	298,060	277,300
Berber languages	215	130	90	22,135	11,865	10,270
Kabyle	100	55	45	13,150	6,995	6,155
Berber languages, n.i.e.	115	75	45	8,985	4,865	4,115
Cushitic languages	14,455	6,220	8,240	42,885	20,095	22,790
Bilen	80	45	30	805	455	350
Oromo	1,015	490	525	4,960	2,560	2,400
Somali	13,300	5,645	7,650	36,755	16,895	19,865
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	65	40	30	365	195	170
Semitic languages	126,545	64,195	62,355	509,190	265,465	243,725
Amharic	7,515	3,410	4,110	22,465	10,720	11,745
Arabic	86,605	44,585	42,020	419,890	220,785	199,105
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	9,950	4,870	5,085	16,070	7,910	8,160
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	1,810	905	905	5,545	2,780	2,770
Harari	940	440	495	1,320	635	685
Hebrew	10,380	5,555	4,825	19,530	10,480	9,045
Maltese	3,695	1,805	1,885	5,565	2,765	2,800
Tigrigna	4,750	2,175	2,570	16,650	8,310	8,340
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	905	450	450	2,155	1,085	1,070
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	355	185	175	1,155	635	520
Austro-Asiatic languages	51,135	23,335	27,800	176,725	81,810	94,920
Khmer (Cambodian)	3,015	1,365	1,655	20,130	9,270	10,860
Vietnamese	48,045	21,945	26,100	156,425	72,470	83,955
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	70	25	40	170	65	100
Austronesian languages	162,855	64,570	98,285	511,480	211,580	299,900
Bikol	470	205	265	1,790	790	1,000
Cebuano	5,135	2,040	3,095	19,890	7,930	11,960
Fijian	55	30	25	745	400	345
Hiligaynon	2,335	895	1,445	6,885	2,680	4,205
Ilocano	9,435	3,700	5,745	26,345	10,620	15,720
Malagasy	30	15	20	1,430	665	760
Malay	4,470	2,015	2,460	12,275	5,255	7,020
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	1,315	590	725	4,040	1,865	2,175
Pangasinan	460	185	270	1,390	590	800
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	137,800	54,380	83,420	431,380	178,575	252,810
Waray-Waray	320	105	210	1,110	430	675
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	1,015	405	610	4,195	1,770	2,425
Creole languages	5,670	2,645	3,025	72,125	32,310	39,820
Haitian Creole	225	105	115	3,030	1,445	1,590
Creole, n.o.s.	3,450	1,630	1,820	64,105	28,455	35,660
Creole languages, n.i.e.	1,990	910	1,085	4,985	2,410	2,575
Dravidian languages	135,105	66,500	68,605	189,405	94,765	94,640
Kannada	2,050	1,030	1,020	3,970	2,040	1,935
Malayalam	12,750	6,540	6,205	28,570	14,770	13,800
Tamil	110,915	53,865	57,045	140,720	69,080	71,640
Telugu	9,120	4,930	4,190	15,655	8,640	7,020
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	280	135	140	490	240	250
Hmong-Mien languages	25	10	15	795	395	405
Indo-European languages	1,391,750	673,845	717,905	3,877,330	1,889,400	1,987,930
Albanian	13,295	6,630	6,665	26,890	13,610	13,285
Armenian	12,660	6,110	6,550	33,455	16,270	17,185
Balto-Slavic languages	266,925	122,315	144,610	701,975	323,640	378,340
Baltic languages	5,530	2,220	3,310	12,530	5,315	7,215
Latvian	2,310	925	1,380	5,455	2,350	3,105
Lithuanian	3,215	1,290	1,925	7,075	2,965	4,115
Slavic languages	261,395	120,095	141,300	689,450	318,325	371,115
Belarusan	360	170	190	810	385	430
Bosnian	2,760	1,335	1,425	12,210	6,035	6,180
Bulgarian	7,010	3,380	3,630	20,025	9,675	10,345
Croatian	16,770	8,060	8,705	48,200	23,540	24,665
Czech	4,890	2,265	2,625	22,290	10,525	11,765
Macedonian	12,680	6,025	6,655	16,775	8,050	8,725
Polish	72,345	32,690	39,655	181,710	82,435	99,275
Russian	83,105	37,685	45,425	188,255	85,400	102,855
Serbian	21,770	10,615	11,155	57,350	28,535	28,815
Serbo-Croatian	2,460	1,160	1,305	9,555	4,565	4,985
Slovak	5,355	2,475	2,880	17,580	8,075	9,510
Slovene (Slovenian)	3,880	1,710	2,170	9,790	4,415	5,370
Ukrainian	27,470	12,240	15,225	102,485	45,440	57,040
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	540	280	260	2,415	1,255	1,165
Celtic languages	495	235	265	2,690	1,335	1,360
Scottish Gaelic	185	85	100	1,090	540	550
Welsh	170	75	100	1,075	495	575
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	140	75	60	530	295	235
Germanic languages	49,180	22,260	26,920	538,765	258,410	280,350
Afrikaans	1,060	510	555	10,265	5,115	5,145
Danish	1,610	735	875	12,630	6,245	6,390
Dutch	10,010	4,695	5,315	99,020	48,200	50,820
Frisian	190	80	110	2,100	1,095	1,005
German	30,915	13,815	17,100	384,035	183,215	200,820
Icelandic	90	45	50	1,285	600	685
Norwegian	415	180	225	4,615	2,170	2,445
Swedish	1,175	505	670	6,840	3,015	3,825
Vlaams (Flemish)	305	115	185	3,895	1,730	2,165
Yiddish	3,355	1,555	1,800	13,555	6,750	6,800
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	50	20	25	525	280	240
Greek	42,260	20,540	21,720	106,525	53,350	53,170
Indo-Iranian languages	595,725	299,925	295,805	1,312,750	664,120	648,630
Indo-Aryan languages	481,075	242,275	238,800	1,064,760	538,530	526,235
Bengali	38,805	19,520	19,285	73,125	37,410	35,720
Gujarati	64,820	32,465	32,355	108,780	55,105	53,670
Hindi	48,620	24,410	24,215	110,640	55,880	54,765
Kashmiri	275	140	135	565	300	265
Konkani	2,175	1,030	1,145	3,330	1,625	1,710
Marathi	4,510	2,290	2,220	8,295	4,300	3,995
Nepali	4,695	2,360	2,335	18,275	9,230	9,045
Oriya (Odia)	590	320	270	1,055	560	495
Punjabi (Panjabi)	171,465	87,125	84,340	501,680	253,515	248,160
Sindhi	5,875	2,750	3,125	11,860	5,605	6,260
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	8,035	3,885	4,150	16,335	8,050	8,285
Urdu	131,205	65,985	65,220	210,815	106,960	103,860
Iranian languages	112,705	56,625	56,085	242,805	122,835	119,970
Kurdish	2,800	1,575	1,225	11,705	6,345	5,355
Pashto	7,855	4,050	3,810	16,910	8,760	8,145
Persian (Farsi)	102,050	50,995	51,050	214,200	107,725	106,470
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	1,950	1,030	920	5,180	2,755	2,425
Italic (Romance) languages	411,210	195,830	215,375	1,154,270	558,660	595,615
Catalan	170	95	85	865	440	425
Italian	153,095	73,500	79,595	375,635	184,415	191,220
Portuguese	103,775	49,730	54,045	221,540	106,630	114,910
Romanian	25,535	11,875	13,655	96,665	46,195	50,470
Spanish	128,405	60,530	67,875	458,850	220,605	238,245
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	225	105	125	720	380	340
Japanese	9,730	3,400	6,330	43,640	14,790	28,855
Kartvelian languages	1,105	595	510	1,715	910	805
Georgian	1,110	595	510	1,715	910	805
Korean	55,300	25,400	29,905	153,425	70,310	83,115
Mongolic languages	350	160	190	1,575	690	885
Mongolian	350	160	190	1,575	690	880
Niger-Congo languages	24,615	11,545	13,070	91,375	45,075	46,305
Akan (Twi)	8,540	3,930	4,610	13,455	6,490	6,970
Bamanankan	55	30	30	1,535	815	720
Edo	1,030	415	615	1,670	770	900
Ewe	380	185	195	1,760	950	805
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	230	120	110	2,825	1,495	1,335
Ga	455	205	250	920	445	470
Ganda	520	245	275	1,295	625	665
Igbo	1,575	805	775	4,235	2,265	1,970
Lingala	395	190	210	3,810	1,785	2,025
Rundi (Kirundi)	370	175	195	5,845	2,785	3,060
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	400	180	220	5,250	2,355	2,895
Shona	720	345	380	3,180	1,520	1,665
Swahili	3,290	1,535	1,750	13,370	6,385	6,990
Wolof	165	85	80	3,990	2,170	1,820
Yoruba	3,445	1,750	1,695	9,085	4,785	4,300
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	3,040	1,355	1,685	19,135	9,435	9,695
Nilo-Saharan languages	375	205	160	5,870	3,025	2,845
Dinka	40	25	20	2,120	1,115	1,000
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	330	185	145	3,755	1,910	1,840
Sign languages	1,300	700	605	7,500	3,925	3,575
American Sign Language	505	265	245	2,685	1,320	1,360
Quebec Sign Language	5	0	0	695	340	355
Sign languages, n.i.e	795	440	360	4,120	2,265	1,860
Sino-Tibetan languages	519,890	241,410	278,480	1,269,215	589,570	679,645
Chinese languages	513,390	238,240	275,145	1,253,360	581,650	671,715
Cantonese	248,980	115,625	133,355	565,270	262,865	302,405
Hakka	6,530	2,930	3,600	10,910	4,900	6,015
Mandarin	228,755	106,410	122,345	592,040	274,630	317,410
Min Dong	770	365	400	1,230	580	650
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	11,625	5,360	6,265	31,795	14,450	17,350
Wu (Shanghainese)	5,330	2,400	2,935	12,915	5,780	7,140
Chinese, n.o.s.	11,210	5,055	6,160	38,580	18,165	20,410
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	190	90	95	610	275	335
Tibeto-Burman languages	6,505	3,170	3,330	15,850	7,925	7,935
Burmese	1,005	455	555	3,585	1,795	1,790
Karenic languages	265	125	140	4,705	2,355	2,350
Tibetan	4,885	2,415	2,470	6,165	3,080	3,080
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	345	175	170	1,400	695	705
Tai-Kadai languages	3,960	1,610	2,355	22,010	8,870	13,145
Lao	2,195	1,060	1,130	12,670	6,145	6,525
Thai	1,740	540	1,205	9,255	2,690	6,565
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	20	5	15	80	35	55
Turkic languages	16,775	8,725	8,050	40,140	21,120	19,025
Azerbaijani	1,615	865	755	3,260	1,785	1,470
Turkish	13,755	7,175	6,580	32,815	17,375	15,440
Uyghur	395	195	195	1,035	510	525
Uzbek	595	300	295	1,715	855	865
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	415	190	225	1,315	590	720
Uralic languages	25,115	11,260	13,850	81,985	37,790	44,195
Estonian	2,765	1,160	1,610	5,445	2,325	3,115
Finnish	2,575	1,040	1,535	15,295	6,395	8,900
Hungarian	19,770	9,065	10,710	61,235	29,060	32,175
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5
Other languages, n.i.e.	970	500	470	3,690	2,045	1,645
Multiple responses	241,910	116,915	124,995	818,635	398,325	420,305
English and French	15,865	7,345	8,520	165,320	80,460	84,860
English and non-official language	213,300	103,825	109,470	533,265	259,160	274,100
French and non-official language	6,205	2,795	3,410	86,150	42,170	43,985
English, French and non-official language	6,550	2,955	3,595	33,900	16,535	17,365
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	6,187,365	3,007,260	3,180,105	34,767,250	17,101,165	17,666,085
Single responses	5,618,495	2,733,315	2,885,175	33,103,860	16,298,475	16,805,395
Official languages	4,151,660	2,039,295	2,112,370	29,106,670	14,383,020	14,723,645
English	4,119,700	2,024,485	2,095,215	22,162,865	10,966,135	11,196,730
French	31,965	14,810	17,155	6,943,800	3,416,890	3,526,910
Non-official languages	1,466,830	694,025	772,810	3,997,195	1,915,450	2,081,750
Aboriginal languages	160	85	80	118,470	59,720	58,750
Algonquian languages	75	40	40	75,080	37,825	37,260
Blackfoot	0	0	0	1,115	555	555
Cree-Montagnais languages	25	15	10	55,825	28,135	27,685
Atikamekw	0	0	0	5,465	2,825	2,640
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	8,590	4,195	4,395
Moose Cree	0	0	0	10	5	5
Naskapi	0	0	0	1,200	595	605
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	110	55	60
Plains Cree	0	0	0	1,350	665	685
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	20	5	15
Swampy Cree	5	5	0	330	140	190
Woods Cree	5	0	0	800	410	390
Cree, n.o.s.	15	5	5	37,945	19,240	18,710
Eastern Algonquian languages	5	5	5	3,615	1,795	1,820
Malecite	0	0	0	55	30	30
Mi'kmaq	5	5	5	3,560	1,770	1,795
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	45	25	25	14,525	7,335	7,190
Algonquin	0	0	0	370	170	200
Ojibway	35	20	15	6,175	3,165	3,015
Oji-Cree	5	5	5	7,900	3,960	3,940
Ottawa (Odawa)	5	5	0	75	40	35
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	5	5	5
Athabaskan languages	15	5	5	10,265	5,125	5,135
Northern Athabaskan languages	10	5	5	10,255	5,120	5,135
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	15	10	10
Beaver	0	0	0	50	30	20
Carrier	0	0	0	245	115	130
Chilcotin	0	0	0	255	125	130
Dene	0	0	5	7,710	3,805	3,905
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	1,020	550	475
Gwich'in	5	0	0	45	25	25
Sarsi (Sarcee)	5	0	0	10	5	5
Sekani	0	0	0	15	10	5
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	820	425	395
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	340	180	155
South Slavey	0	0	0	370	190	185
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	105	55	55
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	25	15	15
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	25	10	10
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	5	5
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	30	15	15
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	25	15	10
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	10	0	5
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	5	5	15	5	5
Haida	0	5	0	10	5	0
Inuit languages	10	5	5	29,490	14,995	14,495
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	165	75	90
Inuktitut	10	10	5	29,230	14,885	14,345
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	90	40	55
Iroquoian languages	5	0	5	285	135	155
Cayuga	0	0	0	10	0	5
Mohawk	0	0	5	255	115	140
Oneida	0	0	0	15	5	10
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	5
Kutenai	0	0	0	15	10	5
Michif	0	0	0	85	40	45
Salish languages	0	0	0	285	130	150
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	45	20	25
Lillooet	0	0	0	25	15	10
Okanagan	0	0	0	85	35	45
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	55	30	20
Squamish	0	0	0	5	0	5
Straits	0	0	0	20	10	15
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	20	10	10
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	15	10
Siouan languages	5	5	0	2,225	1,085	1,140
Dakota	0	5	0	255	140	120
Stoney	0	0	0	1,950	940	1,010
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	10	15
Tlingit	0	0	0	5	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	410	210	190
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	315	155	155
Nisga'a	0	0	0	70	40	30
Tsimshian	0	0	0	25	15	15
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	75	45	35
Haisla	0	0	0	20	10	15
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	5	5	5
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	20	10	10
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	30	15	15
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	50	25	25	235	110	125
Non-Aboriginal languages	1,466,670	693,945	772,730	3,878,725	1,855,730	2,022,995
Afro-Asiatic languages	74,640	35,765	38,875	307,755	153,275	154,480
Berber languages	65	30	30	8,105	4,215	3,895
Kabyle	35	20	15	5,490	2,855	2,640
Berber languages, n.i.e.	30	20	15	2,620	1,365	1,260
Cushitic languages	8,410	3,545	4,865	27,095	12,455	14,640
Bilen	40	15	25	620	330	285
Oromo	555	255	295	3,410	1,700	1,710
Somali	7,785	3,255	4,530	22,895	10,340	12,555
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	35	15	20	185	85	95
Semitic languages	65,980	32,100	33,880	272,100	136,390	135,720
Amharic	3,830	1,690	2,145	12,780	6,010	6,770
Arabic	45,655	22,470	23,185	223,540	112,690	110,850
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	6,645	3,190	3,460	10,510	5,090	5,425
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	1,075	525	550	3,445	1,695	1,750
Harari	525	240	285	735	335	400
Hebrew	4,385	2,260	2,125	8,560	4,425	4,135
Maltese	915	420	495	1,130	525	605
Tigrigna	2,480	1,090	1,395	10,205	5,040	5,170
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	470	220	245	1,200	585	620
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	180	85	95	440	215	230
Austro-Asiatic languages	33,420	15,240	18,185	115,210	53,500	61,710
Khmer (Cambodian)	1,615	700	915	10,880	4,940	5,945
Vietnamese	31,775	14,525	17,250	104,245	48,525	55,725
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	30	15	20	85	40	45
Austronesian languages	73,035	31,170	41,860	239,785	108,110	131,680
Bikol	85	35	50	290	140	155
Cebuano	1,895	820	1,080	7,210	3,325	3,880
Fijian	10	5	5	195	105	90
Hiligaynon	780	335	450	2,205	970	1,240
Ilocano	3,440	1,475	1,965	9,125	4,045	5,080
Malagasy	15	10	10	435	220	210
Malay	1,465	705	755	3,620	1,710	1,910
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	405	180	225	1,200	565	630
Pangasinan	75	35	40	240	110	135
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	64,495	27,405	37,090	213,790	96,235	117,555
Waray-Waray	75	30	50	310	135	170
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	285	130	150	1,160	545	620
Creole languages	2,900	1,340	1,565	27,860	12,005	15,850
Haitian Creole	130	60	65	1,280	575	705
Creole, n.o.s.	1,970	910	1,060	24,575	10,510	14,060
Creole languages, n.i.e.	800	365	430	2,005	920	1,085
Dravidian languages	89,300	43,085	46,215	122,490	59,780	62,710
Kannada	830	420	415	1,630	825	800
Malayalam	6,530	3,335	3,190	15,440	7,865	7,575
Tamil	76,905	36,645	40,260	96,955	46,570	50,385
Telugu	4,935	2,640	2,295	8,280	4,430	3,850
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	95	40	55	190	85	105
Hmong-Mien languages	5	5	5	340	160	180
Indo-European languages	730,175	350,535	379,640	1,911,215	927,225	983,985
Albanian	6,395	3,200	3,190	13,135	6,575	6,560
Armenian	7,505	3,550	3,965	21,505	10,165	11,345
Balto-Slavic languages	136,810	63,965	72,845	314,965	149,315	165,650
Baltic languages	1,645	685	960	3,275	1,400	1,870
Latvian	595	240	355	1,255	530	725
Lithuanian	1,045	445	605	2,020	870	1,150
Slavic languages	135,170	63,280	71,885	311,690	147,910	163,780
Belarusan	120	60	65	230	105	120
Bosnian	1,330	645	690	6,045	3,010	3,040
Bulgarian	3,895	1,900	1,995	11,985	5,835	6,150
Croatian	6,015	2,880	3,135	16,775	7,980	8,795
Czech	1,435	695	740	6,235	3,060	3,180
Macedonian	5,140	2,435	2,710	6,830	3,250	3,580
Polish	34,330	16,005	18,325	74,780	34,910	39,870
Russian	53,515	24,855	28,660	116,595	55,175	61,425
Serbian	12,385	6,000	6,390	31,750	15,665	16,085
Serbo-Croatian	960	450	510	3,885	1,865	2,020
Slovak	2,300	1,120	1,185	5,615	2,685	2,920
Slovene (Slovenian)	920	395	515	2,050	905	1,145
Ukrainian	12,680	5,785	6,895	28,250	13,150	15,100
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	145	60	85	670	310	360
Celtic languages	65	35	30	360	205	155
Scottish Gaelic	30	15	10	185	105	80
Welsh	15	10	10	95	50	45
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	80	50	30
Germanic languages	5,550	2,520	3,030	146,455	71,835	74,615
Afrikaans	295	140	155	4,790	2,355	2,435
Danish	135	65	75	855	410	445
Dutch	730	330	400	9,565	4,630	4,935
Frisian	10	5	5	185	95	90
German	3,710	1,665	2,040	120,335	58,905	61,435
Icelandic	25	10	15	270	120	150
Norwegian	45	20	25	345	145	200
Swedish	220	100	125	1,045	500	545
Vlaams (Flemish)	25	15	15	355	170	185
Yiddish	355	180	180	7,080	3,695	3,385
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	1,625	820	810
Greek	17,225	8,040	9,180	44,545	21,110	23,440
Indo-Iranian languages	370,650	183,405	187,250	838,755	416,960	421,795
Indo-Aryan languages	295,325	146,735	148,585	676,185	337,440	338,745
Bengali	24,870	12,265	12,600	47,350	23,585	23,765
Gujarati	38,595	18,905	19,690	64,150	31,740	32,405
Hindi	24,215	12,030	12,185	55,510	27,805	27,710
Kashmiri	50	25	25	135	70	70
Konkani	445	210	235	720	355	370
Marathi	2,040	1,050	990	3,780	1,940	1,840
Nepali	3,095	1,565	1,530	13,375	6,710	6,670
Oriya (Odia)	275	140	140	470	235	240
Punjabi (Panjabi)	116,115	58,385	57,725	349,145	174,905	174,240
Sindhi	2,510	1,150	1,365	4,975	2,280	2,695
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	3,620	1,770	1,850	7,790	3,860	3,925
Urdu	79,500	39,245	40,255	128,785	63,965	64,820
Iranian languages	74,555	36,270	38,280	160,195	78,310	81,880
Kurdish	1,480	805	675	6,580	3,400	3,175
Pashto	4,930	2,480	2,455	10,590	5,305	5,290
Persian (Farsi)	68,140	32,995	35,145	143,020	69,600	73,425
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	775	400	380	2,375	1,215	1,160
Italic (Romance) languages	185,970	85,810	100,155	531,485	251,050	280,440
Catalan	80	40	45	355	165	190
Italian	52,280	22,440	29,840	115,415	49,975	65,440
Portuguese	49,840	23,870	25,970	98,710	46,915	51,795
Romanian	12,410	5,760	6,650	53,320	25,795	27,525
Spanish	71,290	33,675	37,615	263,510	128,110	135,400
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	65	30	35	180	85	95
Japanese	4,590	1,965	2,625	19,785	8,265	11,515
Kartvelian languages	745	405	340	1,040	565	475
Georgian	745	405	335	1,035	565	475
Korean	38,610	18,045	20,565	109,705	51,385	58,320
Mongolic languages	205	105	105	910	440	470
Mongolian	205	105	100	910	435	470
Niger-Congo languages	9,050	4,035	5,010	28,665	13,340	15,320
Akan (Twi)	4,065	1,760	2,305	5,990	2,695	3,295
Bamanankan	15	5	10	340	180	160
Edo	290	115	175	415	175	240
Ewe	95	40	55	410	185	225
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	80	35	45	825	400	425
Ga	145	65	85	250	105	140
Ganda	155	65	85	345	160	185
Igbo	420	210	215	1,000	485	510
Lingala	105	45	60	1,045	455	590
Rundi (Kirundi)	135	65	75	2,110	990	1,115
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	125	55	70	1,530	670	865
Shona	240	115	125	1,035	475	560
Swahili	1,245	550	695	5,370	2,500	2,870
Wolof	75	45	30	1,380	745	635
Yoruba	1,095	525	565	2,615	1,275	1,340
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	755	340	415	4,010	1,850	2,160
Nilo-Saharan languages	90	45	45	2,650	1,305	1,350
Dinka	10	10	5	1,130	580	550
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	75	35	35	1,525	730	800
Sign languages	2,050	1,170	875	10,445	5,870	4,570
American Sign Language	770	395	370	3,015	1,560	1,460
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	730	375	355
Sign languages, n.i.e	1,280	770	510	6,690	3,935	2,755
Sino-Tibetan languages	387,190	181,130	206,065	924,720	433,530	491,190
Chinese languages	382,595	178,860	203,730	913,365	427,860	485,505
Cantonese	183,450	84,365	99,085	400,215	184,340	215,885
Hakka	2,735	1,245	1,490	4,080	1,820	2,265
Mandarin	180,885	86,115	94,770	462,890	220,075	242,815
Min Dong	245	105	135	345	150	195
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5,075	2,320	2,755	13,965	6,345	7,625
Wu (Shanghainese)	3,150	1,480	1,670	7,650	3,580	4,075
Chinese, n.o.s.	6,975	3,195	3,775	23,935	11,440	12,500
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	85	40	45	280	130	150
Tibeto-Burman languages	4,600	2,270	2,330	11,350	5,670	5,680
Burmese	570	265	305	2,245	1,115	1,125
Karenic languages	210	105	105	3,865	1,935	1,930
Tibetan	3,715	1,845	1,865	4,590	2,305	2,280
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	100	55	50	655	305	345
Tai-Kadai languages	1,670	785	885	9,565	4,455	5,110
Lao	1,015	490	520	6,175	2,995	3,180
Thai	650	285	360	3,360	1,450	1,915
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	10	0	5	30	15	15
Turkic languages	9,515	4,770	4,755	22,250	11,205	11,045
Azerbaijani	645	325	320	1,245	640	610
Turkish	8,175	4,080	4,095	18,955	9,525	9,430
Uyghur	230	125	110	610	315	290
Uzbek	315	165	145	990	505	490
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	155	70	75	455	230	225
Uralic languages	9,160	4,195	4,965	23,245	10,715	12,535
Estonian	650	240	415	975	365	610
Finnish	480	210	270	2,790	1,220	1,565
Hungarian	8,025	3,745	4,285	19,485	9,125	10,355
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	320	165	155	1,110	605	500
Multiple responses	568,870	273,940	294,930	1,663,390	802,695	860,690
English and French	13,745	6,285	7,455	160,185	77,940	82,235
English and non-official language	541,750	261,790	279,965	1,284,975	620,375	664,600
French and non-official language	2,440	1,080	1,365	148,915	70,915	78,000
English, French and non-official language	10,935	4,790	6,145	69,315	33,465	35,850
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	6,187,365	3,007,260	3,180,105	34,767,255	17,101,165	17,666,080
None	4,771,940	2,328,490	2,443,445	29,615,245	14,612,175	15,003,065
English	601,065	294,730	306,335	2,109,340	1,045,215	1,064,120
French	56,935	24,605	32,330	731,095	342,245	388,855
Non-official language	730,875	347,040	383,835	2,151,690	1,023,940	1,127,750
Aboriginal	525	230	295	90,740	42,890	47,850
Non-Aboriginal	730,350	346,810	383,540	2,060,945	981,055	1,079,895
English and French	4,090	1,880	2,210	47,970	23,785	24,190
English and non-official language	13,645	6,675	6,970	61,075	30,045	31,030
French and non-official language	8,565	3,725	4,840	48,755	22,690	26,065
English, French and non-official language	255	115	140	2,080	1,075	1,010
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	5,127,565	2,465,145	2,662,420	28,642,980	13,990,620	14,652,355
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	4,867,890	2,341,390	2,526,495	27,488,530	13,444,335	14,044,190
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	32,001	37,081	28,205	34,204	40,782	28,860
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	4,868,795	2,341,595	2,527,200	27,499,185	13,449,010	14,050,175
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	29,479	33,581	26,332	30,866	35,933	26,621
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	4,296,980	2,116,635	2,180,340	24,583,315	12,296,595	12,286,725
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	32,895	38,686	28,032	32,762	39,925	26,613
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	3,492,795	1,537,600	1,955,195	19,743,240	8,755,815	10,987,430
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	2,321	1,060	3,854	5,453	4,199	6,136
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	3,634,695	1,844,230	1,790,465	20,428,685	10,547,760	9,880,925
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	34,913	39,713	30,749	33,684	39,836	28,474
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	5,127,565	2,465,135	2,662,435	28,643,015	13,990,430	14,652,585
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	4,867,905	2,341,125	2,526,780	27,489,395	13,441,555	14,047,845
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	50,416	60,259	41,296	47,487	56,740	38,632
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	4,868,800	2,341,350	2,527,445	27,500,230	13,446,230	14,053,995
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	40,559	47,030	34,565	38,977	45,404	32,828
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	4,296,625	2,116,255	2,180,375	24,584,065	12,295,015	12,289,055
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	51,882	62,603	41,477	46,885	56,803	36,962
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	3,492,260	1,537,245	1,955,015	19,742,130	8,752,070	10,990,060
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	6,443	5,589	7,115	7,738	7,345	8,050
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	3,634,695	1,844,350	1,790,350	20,428,670	10,542,540	9,886,130
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	51,594	60,847	42,063	46,057	54,369	37,193
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	5,127,565	2,465,135	2,662,435	28,643,015	13,990,430	14,652,585
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	1,732,445	956,920	775,520	9,367,045	5,231,015	4,136,035
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	56,715	61,339	52,017	53,431	59,326	47,420
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	74,525	83,831	63,041	65,997	74,289	55,510
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	90.8	93.8	86.7	88.3	91.6	83.7
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	76.3	79.5	72.1	72.0	75.2	67.7
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	9.2	6.2	13.3	11.7	8.4	16.3
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	5,127,570	2,465,145	2,662,420	28,642,980	13,990,620	14,652,360
Without total income	259,680	123,755	135,925	1,154,450	546,285	608,165
With total income	4,867,890	2,341,390	2,526,500	27,488,530	13,444,335	14,044,195
Percentage with total income	94.9	95.0	94.9	96.0	96.1	95.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	850,760	383,365	467,395	3,877,620	1,668,960	2,208,655
$10,000 to $19,999	860,845	362,785	498,065	4,680,380	1,867,600	2,812,785
$20,000 to $29,999	616,775	265,280	351,495	3,807,840	1,593,335	2,214,505
$30,000 to $39,999	488,220	220,375	267,845	3,206,175	1,472,670	1,733,510
$40,000 to $49,999	431,695	200,935	230,760	2,827,045	1,376,565	1,450,480
$50,000 to $59,999	344,940	168,770	176,175	2,179,775	1,145,685	1,034,090
$60,000 to $69,999	273,180	142,460	130,720	1,655,070	938,755	716,310
$70,000 to $79,999	215,270	117,935	97,330	1,271,850	745,830	526,015
$80,000 to $89,999	172,035	96,395	75,645	966,885	579,290	387,590
$90,000 to $99,999	146,455	78,960	67,490	749,290	452,240	297,050
$100,000 and over	467,725	304,140	163,580	2,266,600	1,603,400	663,195
$100,000 to $149,999	289,295	179,660	109,635	1,493,570	1,024,210	469,365
$150,000 and over	178,430	124,485	53,945	773,025	579,190	193,830
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	5,127,565	2,465,145	2,662,420	28,642,980	13,990,620	14,652,360
Without after-tax income	258,770	123,550	135,220	1,143,795	541,620	602,175
With after-tax income	4,868,795	2,341,595	2,527,200	27,499,185	13,449,010	14,050,175
Percentage with after-tax income	95.0	95.0	94.9	96.0	96.1	95.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	865,940	388,325	477,615	4,004,475	1,706,825	2,297,645
$10,000 to $19,999	894,920	378,810	516,110	4,905,055	1,972,920	2,932,130
$20,000 to $29,999	705,330	306,720	398,610	4,489,925	1,926,175	2,563,755
$30,000 to $39,999	583,650	268,290	315,355	3,924,960	1,870,705	2,054,250
$40,000 to $49,999	500,340	240,710	259,635	3,144,200	1,619,670	1,524,525
$50,000 to $59,999	369,040	191,325	177,715	2,209,280	1,245,570	963,705
$60,000 to $69,999	271,845	150,780	121,060	1,540,300	912,230	628,065
$70,000 to $79,999	210,910	116,515	94,400	1,076,180	654,570	421,610
$80,000 and over	466,820	300,120	166,700	2,204,820	1,540,335	664,485
$80,000 to $89,999	140,730	81,340	59,390	688,705	444,550	244,145
$90,000 to $99,999	84,200	53,210	30,995	420,975	291,090	129,885
$100,000 and over	241,885	165,575	76,315	1,095,140	804,690	290,445
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	5,127,570	2,465,145	2,662,420	28,642,980	13,990,625	14,652,360
Without employment income	1,492,870	620,915	871,955	8,214,295	3,442,860	4,771,430
With employment income	3,634,695	1,844,230	1,790,470	20,428,690	10,547,760	9,880,925
Percentage with employment income	70.9	74.8	67.2	71.3	75.4	67.4
Under $5,000 (including loss)	462,940	219,525	243,425	2,778,990	1,357,430	1,421,560
$5,000 to $9,999	299,400	134,955	164,445	1,602,140	697,025	905,120
$10,000 to $19,999	491,370	230,165	261,200	2,736,010	1,212,855	1,523,155
$20,000 to $29,999	387,370	177,760	209,610	2,293,785	1,022,090	1,271,695
$30,000 to $39,999	352,280	164,255	188,025	2,149,860	1,001,065	1,148,795
$40,000 to $49,999	325,475	154,225	171,250	1,928,565	946,625	981,940
$50,000 to $59,999	269,240	136,390	132,855	1,554,100	839,045	715,055
$60,000 to $69,999	217,295	116,415	100,880	1,220,310	708,270	512,040
$70,000 to $79,999	175,750	99,220	76,530	992,170	591,945	400,225
$80,000 and over	653,575	411,325	242,255	3,172,770	2,171,415	1,001,355
$80,000 to $89,999	145,105	83,190	61,915	773,755	475,700	298,055
$90,000 to $99,999	129,705	69,990	59,715	623,980	382,330	241,650
$100,000 and over	378,765	258,145	120,620	1,775,030	1,313,385	461,645
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	2,249,705	...	...	14,072,080	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	78,676	...	...	70,336	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	68,856	...	...	61,348	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	545,135	...	...	3,969,790	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	39,604	...	...	35,174	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	35,320	...	...	31,446	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	1,704,565	...	...	10,102,290	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	94,776	...	...	88,249	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	82,773	...	...	76,419	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	2,249,705	...	...	14,072,075	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	109,090	...	...	92,764	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	87,778	...	...	76,171	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	545,245	...	...	3,967,765	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	55,558	...	...	46,799	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	44,604	...	...	38,685	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	1,704,460	...	...	10,104,315	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	126,214	...	...	110,813	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	101,589	...	...	90,890	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	2,249,700	...	...	14,072,075	...	...
Under $5,000	48,180	...	...	228,790	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	33,265	...	...	200,315	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	53,350	...	...	374,575	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	78,785	...	...	565,940	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	76,775	...	...	602,800	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	78,400	...	...	538,710	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	80,655	...	...	603,480	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	82,555	...	...	606,600	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	82,940	...	...	596,110	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	81,385	...	...	578,325	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	158,445	...	...	1,097,345	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	149,175	...	...	1,010,415	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	138,685	...	...	924,320	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	129,205	...	...	836,765	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	119,740	...	...	745,655	...	...
$100,000 and over	858,155	...	...	4,561,920	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	242,750	...	...	1,470,255	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	178,170	...	...	1,016,245	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	213,020	...	...	1,116,140	...	...
$200,000 and over	224,220	...	...	959,285	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	2,249,700	...	...	14,072,075	...	...
Under $5,000	51,015	...	...	243,780	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	33,655	...	...	203,865	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	54,235	...	...	380,680	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	81,805	...	...	591,660	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	84,245	...	...	673,740	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	86,510	...	...	628,225	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	91,825	...	...	719,825	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	97,495	...	...	725,675	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	100,145	...	...	711,180	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	98,460	...	...	691,695	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	189,855	...	...	1,299,680	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	174,620	...	...	1,169,515	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	161,990	...	...	1,041,635	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	145,090	...	...	900,055	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	125,425	...	...	757,295	...	...
$100,000 and over	673,335	...	...	3,333,575	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	243,325	...	...	1,371,945	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	159,030	...	...	809,540	...	...
$150,000 and over	270,985	...	...	1,152,090	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	1,643,655	...	...	9,688,845	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	94,466	...	...	88,306	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	82,425	...	...	76,372	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.3	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	450,490	...	...	3,706,220	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	85,144	...	...	78,976	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	73,859	...	...	68,309	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	864,260	...	...	4,222,140	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	114,898	...	...	113,465	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	99,263	...	...	96,608	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	4.1	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	272,855	...	...	1,481,410	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	57,244	...	...	53,193	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	52,793	...	...	48,856	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	1,642,870	...	...	9,689,855	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	126,678	...	...	111,235	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	101,694	...	...	91,040	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	450,560	...	...	3,706,400	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	119,383	...	...	101,086	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	93,957	...	...	82,296	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	864,735	...	...	4,225,855	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	148,707	...	...	137,094	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	118,866	...	...	111,307	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	271,225	...	...	1,477,190	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	73,407	...	...	65,549	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	62,688	...	...	56,687	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	781,470	369,605	411,865	5,313,545	2,608,845	2,704,705
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	32,763	33,916	31,879	31,890	34,483	29,801
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	29,985	30,740	29,410	28,959	30,746	27,495
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	779,995	368,475	411,515	5,299,050	2,596,985	2,702,070
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	47,828	50,519	45,418	42,939	46,085	39,915
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	38,980	40,370	37,735	35,801	37,724	33,952
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	6,165,600	2,997,950	3,167,650	34,460,065	16,971,550	17,488,515
In the bottom half of the distribution	2,938,540	1,397,320	1,541,230	17,229,835	8,256,970	8,972,865
In the bottom decile	676,120	326,535	349,585	3,445,950	1,672,900	1,773,050
In the second decile	606,155	279,150	327,015	3,445,660	1,564,965	1,880,700
In the third decile	563,160	265,280	297,885	3,446,165	1,641,930	1,804,235
In the fourth decile	544,890	260,960	283,930	3,445,850	1,677,120	1,768,730
In the fifth decile	548,220	265,400	282,820	3,446,210	1,700,060	1,746,150
In the top half of the distribution	3,227,055	1,600,635	1,626,425	17,230,230	8,714,580	8,515,650
In the sixth decile	559,915	272,570	287,340	3,445,695	1,716,510	1,729,185
In the seventh decile	580,740	284,615	296,120	3,446,470	1,730,975	1,715,500
In the eighth decile	617,835	305,590	312,245	3,445,940	1,741,640	1,704,300
In the ninth decile	680,510	338,890	341,620	3,446,045	1,751,850	1,694,195
In the top decile	788,065	398,970	389,095	3,446,080	1,773,600	1,672,475
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	6,165,205	2,997,755	3,167,450	33,968,295	16,724,265	17,244,035
0 to 17 years	1,261,825	647,850	613,975	6,836,380	3,504,250	3,332,125
0 to 5 years	394,455	202,140	192,310	2,228,770	1,142,505	1,086,270
18 to 64 years	4,043,815	1,960,900	2,082,915	21,695,090	10,690,090	11,005,005
65 years and over	859,570	389,005	470,560	5,436,830	2,529,930	2,906,905
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	945,120	445,130	499,985	4,809,940	2,243,200	2,566,740
0 to 17 years	244,610	126,045	118,565	1,163,830	597,570	566,255
0 to 5 years	79,010	40,625	38,385	396,095	203,055	193,030
18 to 64 years	584,600	273,440	311,160	2,855,290	1,341,590	1,513,700
65 years and over	115,905	45,645	70,260	790,825	304,040	486,780
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	15.3	14.8	15.8	14.2	13.4	14.9
0 to 17 years (%)	19.4	19.5	19.3	17.0	17.1	17.0
0 to 5 years (%)	20.0	20.1	20.0	17.8	17.8	17.8
18 to 64 years (%)	14.5	13.9	14.9	13.2	12.5	13.8
65 years and over (%)	13.5	11.7	14.9	14.5	12.0	16.7
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	769,025	368,690	400,335	3,128,995	1,519,370	1,609,630
0 to 17 years	183,495	94,555	88,945	696,025	357,255	338,770
0 to 5 years	59,780	30,725	29,060	236,435	121,170	115,260
18 to 64 years	512,610	246,395	266,210	2,157,745	1,057,585	1,100,160
65 years and over	72,915	27,740	45,175	275,225	104,525	170,695
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	12.5	12.3	12.6	9.2	9.1	9.3
0 to 17 years (%)	14.5	14.6	14.5	10.2	10.2	10.2
0 to 5 years (%)	15.2	15.2	15.1	10.6	10.6	10.6
18 to 64 years (%)	12.7	12.6	12.8	9.9	9.9	10.0
65 years and over (%)	8.5	7.1	9.6	5.1	4.1	5.9
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	6,165,600	2,997,985	3,167,615	34,460,065	16,971,575	17,488,485
Official languages	5,906,410	2,895,015	3,011,395	33,818,210	16,709,290	17,108,920
English	5,901,645	2,893,055	3,008,590	29,748,265	14,806,270	14,941,995
French	490,680	211,075	279,605	10,242,945	4,952,455	5,290,495
Non-official languages	3,153,820	1,503,675	1,650,150	9,369,280	4,488,185	4,881,090
Aboriginal languages	1,195	490	710	263,845	127,550	136,295
Algonquian languages	995	410	585	177,570	85,505	92,065
Blackfoot	10	10	0	5,645	2,695	2,950
Cree-Montagnais languages	225	100	130	116,585	56,515	60,070
Atikamekw	0	0	0	6,640	3,335	3,305
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	11,440	5,500	5,945
Moose Cree	0	0	0	195	80	115
Naskapi	0	0	0	1,465	710	755
Northern East Cree	10	0	10	545	225	320
Plains Cree	55	30	25	5,905	2,705	3,200
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	40	30	10
Swampy Cree	45	15	30	2,345	995	1,350
Woods Cree	20	15	0	2,665	1,230	1,435
Cree, n.o.s.	100	45	60	86,115	42,080	44,035
Eastern Algonquian languages	45	20	25	9,765	4,710	5,050
Malecite	0	0	0	755	370	390
Mi'kmaq	45	20	25	9,025	4,350	4,670
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	725	285	435	46,685	22,100	24,585
Algonquin	15	0	10	2,480	1,165	1,315
Ojibway	690	280	415	28,585	13,365	15,220
Oji-Cree	0	0	10	15,610	7,575	8,030
Ottawa (Odawa)	15	10	10	205	105	105
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	120	60	60
Athabaskan languages	20	10	10	23,655	11,340	12,320
Northern Athabaskan languages	15	0	15	23,570	11,300	12,265
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	210	105	100
Beaver	0	0	0	340	180	165
Carrier	0	0	0	2,105	955	1,145
Chilcotin	0	0	0	1,150	535	610
Dene	15	0	10	13,060	6,270	6,790
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	10	2,375	1,210	1,165
Gwich'in	0	0	0	360	165	200
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	150	60	90
Sekani	0	0	0	185	85	100
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	2,815	1,340	1,475
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	1,010	475	530
South Slavey	0	0	0	1,365	660	710
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	680	320	360
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	630	340	285
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	365	205	170
Tahltan	0	0	0	270	140	130
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	420	160	260
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	285	115	170
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	145	50	95
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	85	35	50
Haida	0	0	0	465	205	260
Inuit languages	30	10	20	42,980	21,355	21,630
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	1,975	895	1,080
Inuktitut	20	10	15	40,620	20,280	20,340
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	470	225	240
Iroquoian languages	85	40	50	2,800	1,240	1,555
Cayuga	0	0	0	125	40	85
Mohawk	70	30	40	2,415	1,120	1,295
Oneida	10	0	10	180	60	125
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	115	45	75
Kutenai	0	0	0	175	95	80
Michif	20	10	10	1,210	585	625
Salish languages	10	0	0	5,750	2,730	3,015
Comox	0	0	0	185	75	110
Halkomelem	0	0	0	1,060	475	585
Lillooet	0	0	0	790	405	385
Okanagan	0	0	0	820	370	450
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	1,305	640	665
Squamish	0	0	0	285	125	155
Straits	0	0	0	360	160	200
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	450	220	235
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	565	295	270
Siouan languages	10	0	10	5,430	2,665	2,770
Dakota	10	0	0	1,760	870	890
Stoney	0	0	0	3,675	1,805	1,875
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	140	70	70
Tlingit	0	0	0	260	140	120
Tsimshian languages	10	0	0	2,730	1,350	1,380
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	1,305	645	660
Nisga'a	0	0	0	1,060	545	515
Tsimshian	10	0	10	410	180	235
Wakashan languages	10	0	0	1,490	680	805
Haisla	0	0	0	175	65	110
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	125	50	75
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	605	285	320
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	565	265	300
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	20	10
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	30	15	15	665	310	360
Non-Aboriginal languages	3,152,680	1,503,210	1,649,475	9,107,075	4,361,420	4,745,660
Afro-Asiatic languages	213,065	107,025	106,040	837,355	432,560	404,795
Berber languages	245	135	110	29,460	15,745	13,715
Kabyle	75	40	40	17,120	9,100	8,015
Berber languages, n.i.e.	175	95	80	12,505	6,735	5,775
Cushitic languages	20,520	8,955	11,565	57,125	26,870	30,250
Bilen	85	50	35	1,085	625	470
Oromo	1,395	600	800	6,245	3,070	3,175
Somali	19,030	8,280	10,750	49,665	23,070	26,590
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	85	30	50	480	220	265
Semitic languages	193,560	98,565	94,995	771,130	400,780	370,350
Amharic	11,485	5,350	6,135	33,670	16,675	16,995
Arabic	127,595	65,960	61,625	629,055	329,235	299,820
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	12,225	5,975	6,255	19,745	9,720	10,020
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	2,180	1,085	1,090	7,115	3,505	3,610
Harari	1,270	640	635	1,710	855	860
Hebrew	38,340	19,560	18,780	75,020	38,730	36,290
Maltese	4,865	2,365	2,500	7,625	3,760	3,870
Tigrigna	5,975	2,790	3,180	21,340	10,640	10,705
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	1,130	555	575	3,220	1,655	1,565
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	740	340	405	2,775	1,440	1,335
Austro-Asiatic languages	66,875	30,690	36,185	224,865	105,845	119,020
Khmer (Cambodian)	4,165	1,835	2,330	27,035	12,640	14,400
Vietnamese	62,985	29,005	33,985	198,895	93,735	105,155
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	40	10	35	190	70	120
Austronesian languages	208,410	83,040	125,370	656,200	273,075	383,125
Bikol	585	260	330	2,075	885	1,190
Cebuano	7,515	3,035	4,485	27,045	10,960	16,085
Fijian	50	20	30	1,660	955	705
Hiligaynon	2,550	1,010	1,530	7,925	3,200	4,720
Ilocano	12,800	5,040	7,765	34,530	13,805	20,730
Malagasy	90	45	45	2,335	1,120	1,220
Malay	7,440	3,410	4,030	22,470	10,370	12,100
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	1,650	740	910	5,425	2,445	2,980
Pangasinan	450	200	255	1,800	790	1,015
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	195,790	77,565	118,225	612,735	253,210	359,530
Waray-Waray	315	100	220	1,395	530	860
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	1,305	545	765	5,585	2,540	3,040
Creole languages	17,315	7,775	9,535	155,615	70,545	85,070
Haitian Creole	690	305	385	6,850	3,140	3,710
Creole, n.o.s.	9,350	4,200	5,150	133,045	59,890	73,160
Creole languages, n.i.e.	7,430	3,325	4,100	16,635	7,955	8,675
Dravidian languages	178,705	88,885	89,815	250,180	126,220	123,960
Kannada	4,525	2,280	2,245	8,245	4,180	4,065
Malayalam	17,550	8,910	8,640	37,810	19,410	18,400
Tamil	147,970	72,895	75,075	189,860	94,640	95,220
Telugu	13,780	7,530	6,255	23,160	12,770	10,390
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	435	230	210	790	385	405
Hmong-Mien languages	25	10	15	870	435	435
Indo-European languages	1,793,870	873,140	920,730	5,158,010	2,506,455	2,651,555
Albanian	15,415	7,700	7,710	31,930	16,140	15,790
Armenian	15,310	7,310	7,995	41,295	19,980	21,315
Balto-Slavic languages	307,305	143,315	163,990	817,315	384,960	432,350
Baltic languages	6,420	2,625	3,790	14,675	6,470	8,205
Latvian	2,670	1,135	1,535	6,500	2,960	3,540
Lithuanian	3,750	1,495	2,260	8,185	3,510	4,675
Slavic languages	302,600	141,410	161,190	805,915	379,965	425,945
Belarusan	955	505	450	2,265	1,070	1,195
Bosnian	4,420	2,145	2,275	18,265	9,055	9,215
Bulgarian	8,080	3,960	4,120	22,425	10,920	11,505
Croatian	24,285	11,845	12,440	69,840	34,515	35,325
Czech	6,510	3,095	3,415	28,720	13,675	15,050
Macedonian	17,550	8,435	9,115	23,075	11,190	11,880
Polish	86,300	39,470	46,830	214,965	99,365	115,600
Russian	111,515	51,750	59,760	269,645	127,055	142,595
Serbian	28,010	13,900	14,115	73,775	37,040	36,740
Serbo-Croatian	2,910	1,415	1,500	11,275	5,525	5,750
Slovak	6,205	2,860	3,350	21,470	10,215	11,255
Slovene (Slovenian)	4,610	2,065	2,540	11,495	5,205	6,290
Ukrainian	39,275	17,675	21,605	132,115	58,820	73,300
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	680	390	290	3,000	1,590	1,405
Celtic languages	2,040	1,045	995	9,165	4,705	4,455
Scottish Gaelic	720	365	350	3,980	2,010	1,975
Welsh	260	115	140	1,690	830	860
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	1,065	570	500	3,590	1,915	1,680
Germanic languages	84,965	40,310	44,655	695,535	337,215	358,320
Afrikaans	4,450	2,170	2,285	23,410	11,795	11,610
Danish	2,200	985	1,210	15,745	7,320	8,425
Dutch	13,180	6,145	7,030	120,865	57,885	62,990
Frisian	265	115	150	2,910	1,515	1,395
German	57,165	27,260	29,905	502,730	245,745	256,985
Icelandic	150	55	85	1,780	830	945
Norwegian	1,005	490	515	8,120	3,860	4,260
Swedish	2,620	1,200	1,420	14,140	6,510	7,635
Vlaams (Flemish)	290	115	170	4,400	1,945	2,455
Yiddish	6,530	3,210	3,320	20,985	10,435	10,550
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	95	40	50	8,710	4,425	4,285
Greek	61,935	30,450	31,485	150,965	75,510	75,455
Indo-Iranian languages	773,455	390,400	383,055	1,658,220	840,850	817,365
Indo-Aryan languages	646,525	326,940	319,590	1,387,805	704,370	683,435
Bengali	49,050	24,905	24,145	91,220	46,935	44,285
Gujarati	88,455	44,230	44,225	149,045	74,765	74,285
Hindi	209,850	106,625	103,225	433,365	221,665	211,700
Kashmiri	495	255	240	905	490	420
Konkani	5,055	2,305	2,755	6,790	3,185	3,605
Marathi	8,725	4,505	4,220	15,570	8,200	7,365
Nepali	6,415	3,170	3,245	21,380	10,915	10,470
Oriya (Odia)	930	440	485	1,535	755	775
Punjabi (Panjabi)	244,900	125,760	119,140	668,240	341,450	326,790
Sindhi	9,805	4,605	5,200	20,260	9,310	10,945
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	15,530	7,770	7,765	27,825	13,970	13,855
Urdu	197,805	100,140	97,675	322,220	164,685	157,535
Iranian languages	132,425	66,075	66,345	281,715	142,030	139,680
Kurdish	3,875	2,205	1,675	15,290	8,290	7,000
Pashto	11,515	6,115	5,400	23,180	12,465	10,715
Persian (Farsi)	121,440	60,310	61,130	252,320	126,565	125,755
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	3,600	1,950	1,650	8,875	4,715	4,155
Italic (Romance) languages	572,510	271,405	301,105	1,897,630	898,530	999,100
Catalan	320	165	150	2,035	1,145	890
Italian	222,755	106,620	116,135	574,725	278,500	296,225
Portuguese	133,265	64,015	69,245	295,955	144,465	151,485
Romanian	30,360	14,060	16,295	115,050	55,275	59,770
Spanish	209,375	97,670	111,705	995,255	460,250	535,010
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	670	335	340	2,680	1,610	1,075
Japanese	17,650	7,610	10,040	83,090	36,760	46,335
Kartvelian languages	1,465	740	725	2,150	1,075	1,075
Georgian	1,465	740	720	2,150	1,080	1,070
Korean	62,730	29,345	33,380	172,755	80,170	92,590
Mongolic languages	440	185	255	2,090	960	1,130
Mongolian	440	190	255	2,090	960	1,130
Niger-Congo languages	48,715	23,215	25,500	177,215	88,135	89,080
Akan (Twi)	13,850	6,425	7,425	22,145	10,810	11,340
Bamanankan	220	120	100	3,190	1,660	1,530
Edo	1,915	835	1,080	3,220	1,510	1,705
Ewe	525	270	255	3,000	1,685	1,315
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	480	240	240	4,725	2,460	2,260
Ga	1,025	495	530	2,250	1,140	1,110
Ganda	860	415	450	2,495	1,175	1,320
Igbo	2,995	1,480	1,510	8,850	4,710	4,140
Lingala	2,205	975	1,235	17,010	7,865	9,145
Rundi (Kirundi)	590	275	320	8,590	4,075	4,515
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	750	325	425	7,860	3,600	4,260
Shona	1,220	540	680	5,425	2,530	2,905
Swahili	10,525	5,210	5,315	38,680	19,565	19,115
Wolof	425	185	235	8,240	4,455	3,785
Yoruba	8,105	4,055	4,055	22,420	11,475	10,940
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	6,620	3,065	3,545	40,760	20,375	20,385
Nilo-Saharan languages	510	295	215	7,015	3,520	3,495
Dinka	85	60	20	2,475	1,280	1,190
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	425	230	195	4,555	2,240	2,315
Sign languages	6,575	2,755	3,820	48,115	18,985	29,130
American Sign Language	3,895	1,435	2,460	21,930	7,780	14,155
Quebec Sign Language	15	0	10	4,665	1,665	3,005
Sign languages, n.i.e.	2,775	1,365	1,405	22,275	9,835	12,440
Sino-Tibetan languages	584,845	274,435	310,410	1,430,440	672,100	758,340
Chinese languages	577,725	270,930	306,800	1,413,110	663,465	749,640
Cantonese	308,185	143,230	164,955	699,125	325,840	373,285
Hakka	7,205	3,155	4,045	12,445	5,555	6,890
Mandarin	315,835	146,905	168,925	814,450	377,635	436,815
Min Dong	710	290	425	1,045	440	600
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	14,050	6,310	7,740	42,840	19,005	23,835
Wu (Shanghainese)	6,965	3,245	3,720	16,530	7,490	9,040
Chinese, n.o.s.	11,660	5,290	6,365	41,690	19,995	21,690
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	135	75	60	590	250	340
Tibeto-Burman languages	7,505	3,715	3,785	18,270	9,100	9,175
Burmese	1,340	610	730	4,995	2,490	2,500
Karenic languages	245	110	135	4,895	2,425	2,475
Tibetan	5,490	2,740	2,750	7,050	3,555	3,490
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	505	295	215	2,375	1,160	1,220
Tai-Kadai languages	5,090	2,210	2,885	30,400	13,210	17,195
Lao	2,825	1,335	1,485	17,235	8,240	8,990
Thai	2,555	995	1,555	15,390	5,875	9,520
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	30	10	20	115	50	65
Turkic languages	24,805	12,900	11,900	60,530	31,585	28,945
Azerbaijani	2,665	1,355	1,310	5,450	2,885	2,565
Turkish	20,855	10,895	9,960	50,775	26,605	24,165
Uyghur	490	230	260	1,385	685	700
Uzbek	815	440	375	2,465	1,230	1,235
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	560	270	295	1,870	905	965
Uralic languages	28,445	12,950	15,495	94,810	44,270	50,545
Estonian	3,045	1,335	1,710	6,070	2,750	3,315
Finnish	2,850	1,230	1,620	17,595	7,540	10,050
Hungarian	22,615	10,395	12,215	71,285	34,005	37,280
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	10	10
Other languages, n.i.e.	2,355	1,220	1,130	9,730	5,375	4,355
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	6,165,600	2,997,985	3,167,615	34,460,065	16,971,580	17,488,490
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	5,427,650	2,647,135	2,780,520	32,034,590	15,799,495	16,235,090
Canadian citizens aged under 18	1,168,090	599,370	568,720	6,652,795	3,412,785	3,240,010
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	4,259,560	2,047,765	2,211,795	25,381,795	12,386,710	12,995,080
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	737,950	350,855	387,095	2,425,480	1,172,085	1,253,400
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	6,165,600	2,997,985	3,167,610	34,460,065	16,971,575	17,488,485
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	3,270,330	1,634,580	1,635,755	26,412,610	13,124,325	13,288,290
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	2,756,645	1,294,280	1,462,365	7,540,830	3,586,495	3,954,330
Before 1981	634,265	295,550	338,710	1,941,510	927,795	1,013,715
1981 to 1990	377,295	180,415	196,875	915,555	439,245	476,310
1991 to 2000	647,110	302,230	344,880	1,486,655	696,720	789,940
2001 to 2010	737,850	345,745	392,105	1,985,035	940,570	1,044,465
2001 to 2005	384,620	181,205	203,415	928,935	439,890	489,050
2006 to 2010	353,235	164,540	188,695	1,056,095	500,680	555,415
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	360,130	170,340	189,790	1,212,075	582,175	629,895
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	138,625	69,130	69,500	506,625	260,755	245,870
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	2,756,650	1,294,285	1,462,365	7,540,830	3,586,500	3,954,335
Under 5 years	231,670	115,375	116,290	731,340	364,165	367,175
5 to 14 years	461,170	232,220	228,950	1,311,810	665,870	645,945
15 to 24 years	600,970	266,960	334,005	1,604,430	724,430	880,005
25 to 44 years	1,172,935	550,180	622,750	3,198,920	1,513,970	1,684,950
45 years and over	289,905	129,540	160,365	694,320	318,060	376,260
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	2,756,645	1,294,280	1,462,365	7,540,830	3,586,495	3,954,330
Americas	423,325	187,835	235,490	1,128,745	510,650	618,100
Brazil	10,790	5,005	5,785	29,320	13,235	16,080
Colombia	17,430	7,990	9,440	70,035	32,065	37,965
El Salvador	11,190	5,575	5,610	48,080	23,865	24,215
Guyana	71,305	31,565	39,740	87,685	38,940	48,745
Haiti	2,715	1,280	1,435	93,480	40,955	52,525
Jamaica	103,900	43,615	60,285	138,345	59,960	78,390
Mexico	11,580	5,130	6,450	80,585	37,530	43,055
Peru	8,210	3,640	4,570	29,615	12,950	16,665
Trinidad and Tobago	45,025	19,965	25,060	65,040	29,325	35,710
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	48,625	22,570	26,050	253,715	113,505	140,215
Other places of birth in Americas	92,565	41,515	51,050	232,850	108,325	124,530
Europe	637,680	301,330	336,350	2,088,410	1,015,145	1,073,260
Bosnia and Herzegovina	9,835	4,890	4,945	36,135	18,050	18,085
Croatia	12,390	5,940	6,445	40,045	20,005	20,035
France	7,080	3,340	3,745	105,565	55,395	50,170
Germany	24,145	11,355	12,790	145,845	69,525	76,320
Greece	28,470	13,915	14,555	62,715	31,580	31,135
Hungary	12,310	5,625	6,685	36,820	17,945	18,875
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	8,670	4,195	4,480	28,325	14,355	13,970
Italy	104,795	51,175	53,625	236,640	118,595	118,040
Netherlands	8,945	4,365	4,580	88,475	45,185	43,295
Poland	59,130	26,505	32,625	146,465	66,450	80,020
Portugal	70,280	33,840	36,445	139,450	68,150	71,300
Romania	26,060	11,880	14,180	90,305	42,795	47,510
Russian Federation	34,575	14,940	19,635	78,685	34,265	44,420
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	13,395	6,500	6,895	33,320	16,325	17,000
Ukraine	32,310	14,790	17,520	73,030	33,360	39,665
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	109,500	52,190	57,315	499,115	243,225	255,890
Other places of birth in Europe	75,770	35,885	39,890	247,470	119,945	127,530
Africa	155,780	75,140	80,640	637,485	322,510	314,970
Algeria	1,250	650	600	64,620	33,920	30,705
Egypt	25,190	13,075	12,115	64,615	34,125	30,495
Ethiopia	10,950	5,000	5,945	32,790	15,980	16,810
Kenya	11,475	5,250	6,230	27,150	12,810	14,340
Morocco	3,545	1,745	1,795	69,655	36,120	33,535
Nigeria	16,770	8,310	8,460	42,430	21,830	20,600
Somalia	10,880	4,370	6,510	27,230	12,070	15,160
South Africa, Republic of	13,525	6,610	6,915	44,660	22,205	22,460
Other places of birth in Africa	62,195	30,125	32,065	264,320	133,450	130,870
Asia	1,532,405	726,320	806,075	3,629,160	1,709,985	1,919,175
Afghanistan	26,255	13,140	13,115	51,955	26,030	25,930
Bangladesh	32,785	16,525	16,265	58,735	29,875	28,865
China^{Census data footnote 59}	268,750	122,405	146,345	649,260	290,800	358,460
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	100,505	47,180	53,325	208,940	98,020	110,915
India	309,810	154,460	155,350	668,565	334,030	334,540
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	74,815	37,315	37,505	154,425	77,970	76,455
Iraq	29,080	14,555	14,525	68,485	34,785	33,705
Japan	5,935	1,910	4,030	27,240	7,955	19,285
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	46,045	21,475	24,570	123,305	57,170	66,140
Lebanon	13,865	7,450	6,415	88,745	47,295	41,450
Pakistan	121,215	61,240	59,970	202,260	103,225	99,035
Philippines	194,840	79,755	115,085	588,305	247,095	341,210
Sri Lanka	103,020	50,290	52,730	131,995	64,825	67,170
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	10,820	5,450	5,370	52,960	26,595	26,365
Taiwan	15,090	6,565	8,525	63,770	28,170	35,605
Viet Nam	59,405	26,825	32,580	169,250	78,000	91,250
Other places of birth in Asia	120,165	59,790	60,375	320,965	158,150	162,815
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	7,460	3,655	3,810	57,030	28,210	28,825
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	360,130	170,340	189,790	1,212,075	582,180	629,895
Americas	41,650	19,910	21,745	152,595	72,870	79,720
Brazil	2,590	1,220	1,375	8,500	4,000	4,490
Colombia	2,680	1,265	1,415	15,300	6,885	8,415
Cuba	1,225	550	680	5,370	2,545	2,820
Haiti	905	440	465	19,985	9,160	10,830
Jamaica	7,520	3,960	3,555	12,495	6,680	5,820
Mexico	3,065	1,455	1,615	18,660	9,090	9,575
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	8,300	4,180	4,115	33,060	16,480	16,580
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	1,900	885	1,015	6,425	2,990	3,435
Other places of birth in Americas	13,470	5,955	7,510	32,790	15,040	17,750
Europe	32,055	15,700	16,355	140,030	70,995	69,035
France	1,400	680	720	24,150	13,000	11,150
Germany	925	495	430	6,300	3,255	3,045
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	1,515	955	565	5,660	3,540	2,120
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	780	365	415	5,900	2,735	3,165
Romania	1,520	605	915	7,610	3,330	4,280
Russian Federation	3,930	1,430	2,505	11,565	4,485	7,080
Ukraine	3,665	1,690	1,980	13,425	6,015	7,410
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	4,155	2,475	1,675	24,445	14,235	10,215
Other places of birth in Europe	14,170	7,005	7,155	40,970	20,405	20,570
Africa	25,155	12,370	12,780	162,800	81,545	81,245
Algeria	205	90	110	17,175	8,440	8,735
Cameroon	815	355	455	10,265	5,005	5,255
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	590	265	325	7,400	3,570	3,835
Côte d'Ivoire	300	145	155	6,240	3,030	3,210
Egypt	6,100	3,165	2,935	16,115	8,445	7,665
Eritrea	1,060	525	540	6,050	3,195	2,855
Ethiopia	1,660	750	915	7,510	3,625	3,890
Morocco	365	140	225	15,105	7,470	7,635
Nigeria	4,885	2,390	2,500	17,285	8,850	8,435
Somalia	1,150	550	595	5,335	2,600	2,730
South Africa, Republic of	855	455	400	5,765	2,935	2,830
Tunisia	130	90	40	6,700	3,475	3,230
Other places of birth in Africa	7,040	3,445	3,600	41,855	20,905	20,950
Asia	259,925	121,565	138,365	748,700	352,095	396,610
Afghanistan	4,630	2,315	2,315	9,240	4,530	4,710
Bangladesh	6,910	3,420	3,485	12,900	6,445	6,460
China^{Census data footnote 59}	50,140	22,300	27,845	129,020	57,745	71,270
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	1,825	730	1,095	4,975	2,090	2,880
India	59,255	29,760	29,495	147,190	75,145	72,045
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	18,720	9,065	9,655	42,070	20,580	21,490
Iraq	8,270	4,115	4,155	20,665	10,345	10,320
Israel	1,630	855	775	4,740	2,615	2,130
Japan	985	265	720	4,905	1,250	3,655
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	4,910	2,225	2,680	21,710	9,630	12,075
Lebanon	1,440	780	665	9,375	4,980	4,400
Nepal	2,430	1,240	1,190	7,505	3,780	3,715
Pakistan	22,005	10,770	11,230	41,480	20,530	20,945
Philippines	43,850	18,045	25,800	188,810	83,050	105,760
Saudi Arabia	2,200	1,130	1,080	5,465	2,820	2,640
Sri Lanka	7,505	3,285	4,220	11,495	5,190	6,305
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	5,455	2,840	2,610	29,945	15,245	14,700
Taiwan	775	310	465	4,310	1,685	2,625
Turkey	2,060	1,150	905	4,255	2,365	1,890
United Arab Emirates	3,390	1,705	1,685	6,135	3,220	2,910
Viet Nam	2,670	1,045	1,625	11,210	4,500	6,705
Other places of birth in Asia	8,875	4,210	4,665	31,320	14,345	16,970
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	1,335	790	545	7,955	4,670	3,280
Australia	1,040	645	400	4,965	2,950	2,010
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	300	145	150	2,990	1,720	1,270
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	6,165,600	2,997,985	3,167,615	34,460,060	16,971,575	17,488,485
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	2,928,005	1,380,235	1,547,765	8,219,555	3,936,045	4,283,505
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	1,742,215	877,670	864,545	6,100,725	3,053,075	3,047,650
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	1,495,380	740,080	755,300	20,139,790	9,982,460	10,157,330
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	2,158,735	1,016,170	1,142,565	5,703,615	2,709,530	2,994,085
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	1,077,315	532,750	544,560	2,994,130	1,496,240	1,497,885
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	429,475	265,070	164,400	1,220,755	755,370	465,380
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	647,840	267,680	380,160	1,773,380	740,870	1,032,510
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	728,110	297,705	430,410	1,782,490	728,085	1,054,400
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	323,445	172,100	151,345	858,845	453,675	405,175
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	29,865	13,615	16,250	68,145	31,530	36,615
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	6,165,600	2,997,985	3,167,615	34,460,065	16,971,575	17,488,485
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	54,125	25,590	28,530	1,673,785	813,520	860,265
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	51,180	24,100	27,080	1,629,805	792,970	836,835
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	32,170	15,025	17,145	977,235	471,510	505,725
Métis	18,185	8,690	9,495	587,545	289,435	298,115
Inuk (Inuit)	825	390	435	65,030	32,030	32,995
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	1,290	595	690	21,310	10,165	11,145
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	1,655	895	760	22,670	10,385	12,290
Non-Aboriginal identity	6,111,475	2,972,395	3,139,080	32,786,280	16,158,060	16,628,225
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	6,165,600	2,997,990	3,167,615	34,460,065	16,971,580	17,488,490
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	16,930	7,945	8,985	820,120	395,670	424,445
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	6,148,665	2,990,040	3,158,630	33,639,945	16,575,905	17,064,040
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	6,165,600	2,997,985	3,167,610	34,460,065	16,971,575	17,488,490
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	8,525	3,885	4,635	727,790	356,970	370,815
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	8,325	3,795	4,525	709,235	347,985	361,245
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	6,445	2,910	3,530	573,215	280,040	293,180
Métis single ancestry	1,755	840	915	91,255	45,740	45,515
Inuit single ancestry	130	50	80	44,765	22,210	22,555
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	200	90	110	18,555	8,985	9,565
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	145	65	75	15,140	7,305	7,835
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	25	10	15	2,470	1,205	1,265
Métis and Inuit ancestries	15	0	10	770	390	380
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	20	10	10	170	85	85
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	77,800	36,665	41,130	1,402,735	669,710	733,025
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	75,720	35,670	40,050	1,347,610	644,210	703,400
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	57,060	26,935	30,130	881,455	418,215	463,235
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	17,560	8,205	9,355	441,000	213,940	227,065
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	1,100	520	570	25,155	12,045	13,105
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	2,080	1,000	1,080	55,125	25,505	29,625
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	1,800	850	950	49,325	22,740	26,585
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	175	90	85	3,470	1,655	1,815
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	95	55	40	2,005	940	1,065
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	325	170	160
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	6,079,275	2,957,430	3,121,845	32,329,545	15,944,900	16,384,645
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	6,165,600	2,997,985	3,167,615	34,460,065	16,971,575	17,488,485
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	3,065,110	1,475,720	1,589,385	7,674,580	3,725,090	3,949,495
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	986,160	497,590	488,570	1,924,635	977,690	946,945
Chinese	636,045	302,585	333,460	1,577,060	746,400	830,665
Black	461,500	214,100	247,395	1,198,540	580,070	618,475
Filipino	258,755	110,640	148,120	780,125	341,800	438,330
Latin American	134,630	64,625	70,000	447,325	215,460	231,860
Arab	107,465	55,845	51,620	523,235	276,425	246,810
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	83,575	39,230	44,350	313,260	148,880	164,385
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	125,205	62,610	62,595	264,305	133,475	130,825
Korean	70,160	33,450	36,715	188,710	89,110	99,600
Japanese	21,380	9,355	12,025	92,920	40,105	52,815
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	80,105	37,420	42,680	132,090	62,540	69,550
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	100,115	48,265	51,855	232,375	113,140	119,230
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	3,100,495	1,522,265	1,578,230	26,785,480	13,246,485	13,539,000
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	6,165,600	2,997,985	3,167,615	34,460,065	16,971,575	17,488,485
North American Aboriginal origins	86,320	40,555	45,770	2,130,520	1,026,675	1,103,840
First Nations (North American Indian)	65,675	30,875	34,795	1,525,570	731,410	794,155
Inuit	1,560	740	815	79,130	38,695	40,435
Métis	21,390	10,035	11,355	599,995	291,310	308,690
Other North American origins	890,400	441,050	449,350	11,628,535	5,745,695	5,882,835
Acadian	4,665	2,295	2,370	119,675	57,805	61,865
American	52,945	25,715	27,230	377,405	182,690	194,715
Canadian	847,465	420,100	427,365	11,135,965	5,501,595	5,634,370
New Brunswicker	105	70	35	1,490	800	685
Newfoundlander	3,860	1,960	1,900	22,215	11,420	10,800
Nova Scotian	670	325	345	3,700	1,770	1,930
Ontarian	695	395	300	3,925	1,980	1,945
Québécois	1,725	885	840	194,560	99,320	95,235
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	250	135	115	1,895	950	945
European origins	2,976,435	1,449,425	1,527,010	19,683,320	9,687,715	9,995,605
British Isles origins	1,453,875	708,915	744,960	11,211,850	5,474,735	5,737,115
Channel Islander	455	235	225	3,595	1,740	1,855
Cornish	210	105	105	1,975	995	975
English	829,660	404,155	425,505	6,320,085	3,069,515	3,250,570
Irish	613,845	292,610	321,235	4,627,000	2,195,620	2,431,385
Manx	910	495	415	6,125	3,090	3,040
Scottish	615,415	297,395	318,025	4,799,005	2,323,390	2,475,620
Welsh	63,700	30,410	33,285	474,805	226,600	248,210
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	118,795	56,595	62,200	644,695	307,090	337,610
French origins	280,315	132,865	147,450	4,680,820	2,283,480	2,397,340
Alsatian	355	130	220	2,800	1,300	1,495
Breton	55	35	20	11,845	5,765	6,080
Corsican	55	30	30	1,750	950	805
French	279,965	132,705	147,255	4,670,595	2,278,430	2,392,165
Western European origins (except French origins)	438,815	213,090	225,725	4,600,855	2,258,095	2,342,760
Austrian	32,295	15,750	16,550	207,050	100,775	106,275
Bavarian	160	65	95	940	485	455
Belgian	10,695	4,965	5,730	186,665	91,395	95,270
Dutch	114,480	55,130	59,350	1,111,655	546,565	565,090
Flemish	955	480	480	11,685	5,730	5,960
Frisian	435	250	190	4,590	2,395	2,195
German	298,670	145,360	153,305	3,322,405	1,626,785	1,695,615
Luxembourger	310	150	165	3,915	2,025	1,890
Swiss	15,915	8,000	7,915	155,120	76,935	78,185
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	550	260	285	3,365	1,645	1,720
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	75,360	36,240	39,120	1,201,320	579,005	622,315
Danish	16,980	8,390	8,590	207,470	100,660	106,810
Finnish	17,505	8,140	9,370	143,645	69,045	74,600
Icelandic	4,450	2,210	2,240	101,795	49,875	51,915
Norwegian	17,730	8,635	9,095	463,275	223,075	240,200
Swedish	20,370	9,430	10,945	349,645	163,545	186,095
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	3,805	1,805	2,005	52,780	26,965	25,820
Eastern European origins	626,465	298,640	327,830	3,431,245	1,666,740	1,764,505
Bulgarian	11,420	5,655	5,765	34,565	16,935	17,625
Byelorussian	8,405	4,140	4,265	20,710	10,190	10,515
Czech	17,435	8,415	9,020	104,580	51,555	53,030
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	4,980	2,355	2,630	40,715	19,235	21,480
Estonian	8,020	3,820	4,200	24,530	11,715	12,815
Hungarian	63,320	30,715	32,605	348,085	170,040	178,045
Latvian	9,945	4,665	5,275	30,725	14,920	15,805
Lithuanian	20,030	9,605	10,420	59,285	28,745	30,535
Moldovan	3,045	1,560	1,490	14,915	7,265	7,650
Polish	249,230	118,935	130,300	1,106,585	533,830	572,750
Romanian	51,845	24,690	27,150	238,050	114,705	123,345
Russian	142,520	66,315	76,205	622,445	297,600	324,850
Slovak	15,325	7,415	7,915	72,285	35,360	36,925
Ukrainian	155,850	74,695	81,150	1,359,655	663,560	696,095
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	7,350	3,450	3,905	20,415	9,895	10,520
Southern European origins	1,016,050	501,945	514,100	3,012,375	1,494,605	1,517,775
Albanian	17,790	8,975	8,810	36,185	18,385	17,800
Bosnian	6,645	3,250	3,395	26,740	13,320	13,420
Catalan	165	105	60	1,280	740	535
Croatian	38,560	19,280	19,275	133,970	67,825	66,140
Cypriot	2,695	1,325	1,370	5,650	2,850	2,795
Greek	103,175	51,765	51,415	271,410	137,405	134,005
Italian	497,450	248,620	248,830	1,587,965	794,525	793,445
Kosovar	505	260	245	2,865	1,470	1,395
Macedonian	30,255	15,190	15,060	43,110	21,650	21,460
Maltese	21,040	10,295	10,745	41,920	20,955	20,965
Montenegrin	1,480	705	775	4,160	2,180	1,985
Portuguese	212,190	103,565	108,630	482,605	239,360	243,250
Serbian	33,860	17,065	16,795	96,530	49,095	47,440
Sicilian	1,755	885	870	6,940	3,500	3,435
Slovenian	13,615	6,820	6,800	40,470	20,105	20,365
Spanish	110,580	51,650	58,925	396,460	184,520	211,945
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	7,355	3,570	3,785	38,480	18,620	19,860
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	515	210	305	2,170	1,030	1,135
Other European origins	73,765	36,970	36,795	226,695	115,110	111,580
Basque	865	420	450	6,965	3,690	3,275
Jewish	59,740	30,040	29,700	143,660	72,625	71,035
Roma (Gypsy)	1,235	575	660	4,630	2,195	2,440
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	1,040	555	485	4,870	2,560	2,310
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	11,350	5,610	5,745	67,890	34,730	33,160
Caribbean origins	364,700	165,915	198,785	749,155	349,810	399,345
Antiguan	2,590	1,155	1,435	4,500	2,115	2,385
Bahamian	1,375	705	675	3,675	1,915	1,760
Barbadian	19,865	9,065	10,805	37,780	17,745	20,035
Bermudan	1,040	485	550	3,075	1,435	1,640
Carib	1,975	695	1,275	3,030	1,175	1,860
Cuban	9,560	4,335	5,225	29,065	13,800	15,270
Dominican	6,615	3,125	3,490	23,130	11,000	12,125
Grenadian	12,970	5,580	7,390	17,915	7,835	10,080
Guadeloupean	40	15	30	1,125	515	605
Haitian	5,430	2,555	2,875	165,095	76,460	88,635
Jamaican	210,990	96,185	114,805	309,485	145,080	164,410
Kittitian/Nevisian	1,920	905	1,010	2,915	1,460	1,460
Martinican	155	50	100	2,010	900	1,110
Montserratan	460	220	245	930	460	470
Puerto Rican	785	415	370	3,405	1,645	1,765
St. Lucian	5,690	2,500	3,195	8,985	4,095	4,890
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	47,350	21,810	25,540	78,965	37,325	41,635
Vincentian/Grenadinian	10,880	4,620	6,260	17,420	7,475	9,945
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	48,565	21,530	27,040	70,270	31,625	38,645
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	13,795	6,170	7,625	26,830	12,520	14,310
Latin, Central and South American origins	220,030	103,845	116,180	674,640	325,210	349,430
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	7,325	3,425	3,900	22,725	10,875	11,850
Arawak	780	340	445	1,440	610	830
Argentinian	8,410	4,075	4,340	20,680	10,130	10,545
Belizean	390	180	210	1,755	915	845
Bolivian	1,360	675	685	5,055	2,480	2,580
Brazilian	13,250	6,350	6,900	36,830	17,380	19,455
Chilean	10,735	5,150	5,580	45,190	22,280	22,910
Colombian	25,240	12,095	13,145	96,325	45,590	50,735
Costa Rican	1,805	930	870	5,535	2,680	2,855
Ecuadorian	17,795	8,390	9,405	25,405	11,995	13,415
Guatemalan	6,115	2,960	3,160	26,275	13,360	12,915
Guyanese	61,130	28,055	33,075	84,275	39,530	44,745
Hispanic	3,705	1,805	1,900	11,055	5,380	5,670
Honduran	1,785	830	950	10,650	5,235	5,415
Maya	1,185	590	600	6,285	3,350	2,940
Mexican	20,480	9,570	10,905	128,485	62,890	65,595
Nicaraguan	3,725	1,795	1,935	13,705	6,650	7,055
Panamanian	1,905	820	1,080	4,700	2,210	2,495
Paraguayan	320	145	175	4,325	2,165	2,160
Peruvian	10,905	5,075	5,830	42,145	19,645	22,505
Salvadorean	15,270	7,545	7,725	66,220	32,960	33,255
Uruguayan	3,395	1,750	1,645	6,795	3,390	3,410
Venezuelan	8,585	3,960	4,630	26,345	12,220	14,125
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	9,420	4,590	4,840	28,455	13,930	14,525
African origins	274,125	133,800	140,330	1,067,930	539,805	528,120
Central and West African origins	60,375	29,860	30,515	230,110	118,040	112,070
Akan	720	415	305	1,955	1,090	870
Angolan	1,085	540	545	2,960	1,475	1,480
Ashanti	1,085	555	525	1,585	855	735
Beninese	370	190	185	4,995	2,670	2,320
Burkinabe	100	45	60	3,150	1,665	1,485
Cameroonian	2,700	1,330	1,365	24,615	12,390	12,230
Chadian	190	95	95	1,845	955	885
Congolese	4,275	2,075	2,205	38,365	18,925	19,440
Edo	945	495	445	1,945	1,095	855
Ewe	165	90	75	845	470	375
Gabonese	50	10	35	1,405	660	750
Gambian	555	260	295	975	495	475
Ghanaian	20,780	9,890	10,890	35,495	17,720	17,770
Guinean	695	360	335	7,240	3,785	3,455
Ibo	1,525	800	725	5,315	2,850	2,470
Ivorian	680	300	375	10,935	5,485	5,450
Liberian	305	135	175	2,485	1,130	1,360
Malian	280	145	135	4,490	2,280	2,210
Malinké	225	105	120	1,125	585	535
Nigerian	19,805	10,015	9,790	51,835	27,025	24,805
Peulh	65	40	20	2,435	1,270	1,170
Senegalese	540	280	260	10,175	5,500	4,670
Sierra Leonean	865	430	435	2,620	1,330	1,295
Togolese	315	205	105	5,300	2,870	2,430
Wolof	45	25	25	840	495	345
Yoruba	3,055	1,605	1,455	9,585	5,075	4,515
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	3,010	1,480	1,535	15,380	7,940	7,445
North African origins	54,675	28,110	26,565	355,045	185,775	169,270
Algerian	1,735	850	885	67,335	34,755	32,580
Berber	685	375	315	37,060	19,685	17,375
Coptic	1,845	940	900	3,535	1,860	1,680
Dinka	35	25	10	900	500	400
Egyptian	36,930	18,975	17,955	99,140	51,730	47,410
Libyan	1,375	735	635	7,740	4,135	3,605
Maure	240	130	105	1,190	655	535
Moroccan	8,675	4,490	4,180	103,940	54,005	49,945
Sudanese	3,775	1,845	1,930	19,960	10,315	9,645
Tunisian	1,110	595	510	25,645	13,985	11,665
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	895	475	430	6,115	3,320	2,795
Southern and East African origins	81,750	39,080	42,670	260,145	128,325	131,815
Afrikaner	340	175	165	1,870	955	915
Amhara	490	235	260	1,530	815	715
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	330	195	140	3,965	2,175	1,785
Burundian	785	420	365	10,990	5,405	5,580
Djiboutian	215	95	115	1,710	790	920
Eritrean	7,655	3,690	3,970	25,255	12,830	12,430
Ethiopian	16,110	7,725	8,385	44,065	21,680	22,385
Harari	460	250	210	665	355	305
Kenyan	4,075	1,895	2,180	10,915	5,230	5,685
Malagasy	180	75	105	4,500	2,175	2,325
Mauritian	2,855	1,470	1,385	9,325	4,655	4,665
Oromo	840	380	465	3,350	1,745	1,605
Rwandan	1,135	510	625	10,775	5,065	5,705
Seychellois	190	75	115	1,285	575	710
Somali	25,650	11,860	13,785	62,550	30,215	32,330
South African	12,455	6,280	6,175	41,375	20,575	20,800
Tanzanian	1,915	975	940	4,710	2,400	2,310
Tigrian	410	210	205	2,155	1,160	995
Ugandan	2,055	1,000	1,050	5,705	2,875	2,830
Zambian	425	215	215	1,860	935	920
Zimbabwean	1,875	875	995	8,090	3,975	4,110
Zulu	225	110	110	945	475	475
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	5,660	2,495	3,165	17,305	8,445	8,860
Other African origins	81,240	38,620	42,615	239,560	116,400	123,165
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	11,635	5,095	6,535	30,385	14,015	16,370
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	70,510	33,955	36,555	212,005	103,790	108,215
Asian origins	2,469,215	1,197,195	1,272,015	6,095,235	2,958,120	3,137,115
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	335,045	169,465	165,580	1,011,145	518,170	492,980
Afghan	43,305	21,735	21,570	83,995	42,320	41,675
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	23,810	12,320	11,490	111,400	58,930	52,475
Armenian	22,005	10,700	11,300	63,810	31,505	32,305
Assyrian	7,530	3,870	3,660	13,835	7,115	6,720
Azerbaijani	3,345	1,625	1,715	6,425	3,230	3,200
Georgian	2,375	1,220	1,160	4,775	2,430	2,345
Hazara	520	280	240	1,515	810	705
Iranian	97,660	49,065	48,590	210,405	106,565	103,840
Iraqi	28,895	14,505	14,385	70,925	35,965	34,955
Israeli	14,620	7,585	7,030	28,735	15,065	13,675
Jordanian	5,470	2,955	2,515	14,250	7,520	6,735
Kazakh	980	445	535	3,330	1,615	1,710
Kurd	4,390	2,355	2,040	16,315	8,810	7,515
Kuwaiti	375	215	160	2,235	1,185	1,055
Kyrgyz	260	90	170	1,060	510	550
Lebanese	30,540	15,475	15,070	219,555	112,970	106,590
Palestinian	16,005	8,640	7,365	44,820	23,900	20,920
Pashtun	2,125	1,180	945	4,810	2,565	2,245
Saudi Arabian	1,805	960	850	6,810	3,935	2,880
Syrian	16,450	8,015	8,435	77,045	38,445	38,600
Tajik	1,450	685	770	2,905	1,410	1,495
Tatar	1,810	775	1,040	4,825	2,155	2,670
Turk	23,365	11,840	11,525	63,955	32,855	31,100
Turkmen	410	205	200	1,040	540	500
Uighur	545	260	290	1,555	775	785
Uzbek	1,800	890	910	3,920	1,920	2,000
Yemeni	2,510	1,200	1,315	6,645	3,335	3,305
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	10,285	5,305	4,980	25,280	13,180	12,100
South Asian origins	1,010,270	507,255	503,010	1,963,330	993,595	969,735
Bangladeshi	23,725	12,120	11,605	45,940	23,645	22,300
Bengali	12,620	6,455	6,170	22,900	11,730	11,180
Bhutanese	150	80	65	3,600	1,765	1,835
East Indian	653,400	327,990	325,410	1,374,710	694,990	679,720
Goan	4,090	1,895	2,200	6,070	2,915	3,155
Gujarati	5,045	2,615	2,430	8,350	4,305	4,050
Kashmiri	1,405	735	670	3,115	1,605	1,510
Nepali	5,410	2,655	2,755	17,140	8,715	8,420
Pakistani	125,270	63,625	61,650	215,555	110,420	105,140
Punjabi	47,970	24,665	23,305	118,400	61,155	57,240
Sinhalese	4,085	1,990	2,095	7,285	3,605	3,685
Sri Lankan	116,195	56,715	59,475	152,595	75,010	77,585
Tamil	40,605	20,630	19,985	48,670	24,845	23,825
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	50,925	25,770	25,150	76,400	38,815	37,585
East and Southeast Asian origins	1,146,980	531,630	615,350	3,163,360	1,467,205	1,696,155
Burmese	2,240	980	1,260	9,335	4,535	4,795
Cambodian (Khmer)	6,235	2,910	3,330	38,490	18,515	19,980
Chinese	707,805	336,025	371,780	1,769,195	836,150	933,045
Filipino	279,435	120,465	158,970	837,130	369,105	468,025
Hmong	55	30	30	805	420	390
Indonesian	6,375	2,965	3,410	21,390	9,950	11,440
Japanese	28,960	12,820	16,145	121,485	53,415	68,070
Karen	265	120	150	4,510	2,275	2,240
Korean	73,905	35,210	38,695	198,210	93,680	104,525
Laotian	4,070	2,005	2,060	24,580	12,190	12,390
Malaysian	5,745	2,740	3,005	16,920	7,735	9,185
Mongolian	2,005	920	1,085	7,480	3,560	3,915
Singaporean	1,075	485	595	2,850	1,325	1,520
Taiwanese	8,045	3,645	4,395	36,510	16,570	19,945
Thai	3,505	1,360	2,145	19,010	7,330	11,680
Tibetan	6,035	3,030	3,010	8,040	4,055	3,985
Vietnamese	73,730	34,880	38,850	240,615	115,935	124,680
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	3,445	1,695	1,745	6,500	3,150	3,355
Other Asian origins	10,790	5,320	5,470	22,745	11,280	11,460
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	10,790	5,320	5,470	22,740	11,280	11,460
Oceania origins	10,235	5,195	5,040	85,470	43,030	42,440
Australian	6,300	3,295	3,000	42,315	21,710	20,605
New Zealander	2,045	1,070	975	15,395	8,065	7,330
Pacific Islands origins	2,125	985	1,150	29,485	14,240	15,250
Fijian	1,230	520	705	19,375	9,280	10,090
Hawaiian	250	125	120	3,295	1,500	1,795
Maori	190	100	85	2,500	1,310	1,195
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	115	45	70	1,530	725	805
Samoan	90	45	45	1,100	625	475
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	355	170	185	2,335	1,145	1,185
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	2,249,705	...	...	14,072,075	...	...
Owner	1,508,050	...	...	9,541,320	...	...
Renter	741,635	...	...	4,474,530	...	...
Band housing	15	...	...	56,230	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	2,249,705	...	...	14,072,075	...	...
Condominium	451,480	...	...	1,874,840	...	...
Not condominium	1,798,220	...	...	12,197,240	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	2,249,705	...	...	14,072,080	...	...
No bedrooms	24,470	...	...	93,345	...	...
1 bedroom	392,455	...	...	1,925,015	...	...
2 bedrooms	471,420	...	...	3,547,090	...	...
3 bedrooms	675,530	...	...	4,836,485	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	685,825	...	...	3,670,145	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	2,249,705	...	...	14,072,075	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	769,935	...	...	4,068,915	...	...
5 rooms	305,120	...	...	2,177,045	...	...
6 rooms	298,100	...	...	1,981,585	...	...
7 rooms	268,285	...	...	1,790,180	...	...
8 or more rooms	608,260	...	...	4,054,355	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.9	...	...	6.2	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	2,249,700	...	...	14,072,080	...	...
One person or fewer per room	2,155,575	...	...	13,802,060	...	...
More than 1 person per room	94,130	...	...	270,020	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	2,249,700	...	...	14,072,075	...	...
Suitable	2,040,055	...	...	13,376,345	...	...
Not suitable	209,650	...	...	695,730	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	2,249,705	...	...	14,072,080	...	...
1960 or before	461,890	...	...	3,126,380	...	...
1961 to 1980	596,580	...	...	4,185,510	...	...
1981 to 1990	318,720	...	...	1,977,640	...	...
1991 to 2000	284,125	...	...	1,746,390	...	...
2001 to 2005	211,220	...	...	976,390	...	...
2006 to 2010	194,820	...	...	1,089,750	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	182,345	...	...	970,015	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	2,249,700	...	...	14,072,080	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	2,126,815	...	...	13,151,600	...	...
Major repairs needed	122,885	...	...	920,480	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	2,249,705	...	...	14,072,080	...	...
1 household maintainer	1,268,650	...	...	8,324,865	...	...
2 household maintainers	889,850	...	...	5,404,800	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	91,210	...	...	342,415	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	2,249,705	...	...	14,072,080	...	...
15 to 24 years	50,295	...	...	437,230	...	...
25 to 34 years	309,555	...	...	1,991,685	...	...
35 to 44 years	427,295	...	...	2,414,920	...	...
45 to 54 years	523,950	...	...	2,862,870	...	...
55 to 64 years	438,675	...	...	2,859,315	...	...
65 to 74 years	280,175	...	...	2,034,220	...	...
75 to 84 years	158,225	...	...	1,084,700	...	...
85 years and over	61,535	...	...	387,135	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	2,244,090	...	...	13,798,305	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	1,503,705	...	...	10,472,355	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	740,390	...	...	3,325,950	...	...
30% to less than 100%	614,715	...	...	2,861,615	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	1,505,930	...	...	9,368,330	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	63.5	...	...	60.7	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	26.1	...	...	16.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,643	...	...	1,130	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,741	...	...	1,313	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	601,801	...	...	341,556	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	718,283	...	...	443,058	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	741,470	...	...	4,452,850	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	14.7	...	...	13.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	47.0	...	...	40.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,205	...	...	910	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,258	...	...	1,002	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	5,127,565	2,465,135	2,662,435	28,643,015	13,990,435	14,652,580
No certificate, diploma or degree	835,885	398,720	437,165	5,239,575	2,667,995	2,571,585
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	1,336,090	657,155	678,935	7,576,400	3,686,630	3,889,770
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	2,955,595	1,409,260	1,546,335	15,827,040	7,635,805	8,191,230
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	233,655	157,070	76,585	2,800,260	1,906,610	893,650
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	124,295	74,045	50,250	1,549,880	880,365	669,515
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	109,355	83,020	26,340	1,250,385	1,026,250	224,140
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	911,320	398,310	513,015	5,553,825	2,326,940	3,226,890
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	138,905	62,070	76,830	813,335	331,940	481,395
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	1,671,725	791,820	879,905	6,659,615	3,070,315	3,589,300
Bachelor's degree	1,108,835	509,125	599,705	4,443,835	1,967,905	2,475,935
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	110,490	50,230	60,260	462,295	203,725	258,570
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	45,720	22,855	22,870	190,925	102,530	88,395
Master's degree	358,270	180,120	178,150	1,331,045	651,510	679,535
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	48,405	29,490	18,920	231,510	144,640	86,870
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	3,453,070	1,658,085	1,794,995	18,931,380	9,268,555	9,662,830
No certificate, diploma or degree	330,455	168,305	162,150	2,169,790	1,200,110	969,685
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	763,495	383,035	380,460	4,494,585	2,247,020	2,247,565
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	2,359,120	1,106,740	1,252,385	12,267,005	5,821,425	6,445,580
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	159,805	106,765	53,045	2,042,430	1,377,775	664,650
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	85,460	50,660	34,800	1,145,035	639,785	505,250
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	74,340	56,100	18,240	897,390	737,990	159,405
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	713,845	310,985	402,860	4,241,985	1,786,065	2,455,920
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	104,165	46,160	58,005	580,885	240,040	340,850
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	1,381,310	642,835	738,475	5,401,705	2,417,555	2,984,155
Bachelor's degree	903,185	410,675	492,515	3,590,080	1,562,160	2,027,925
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	89,860	39,260	50,595	362,455	151,205	211,250
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	37,365	17,445	19,920	153,290	74,440	78,855
Master's degree	312,795	153,565	159,235	1,120,190	527,335	592,850
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	38,100	21,890	16,220	175,685	102,415	73,275
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	5,127,570	2,465,130	2,662,435	28,643,015	13,990,430	14,652,585
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	2,171,970	1,055,875	1,116,100	12,815,980	6,354,625	6,461,350
Education	152,070	31,295	120,780	1,060,095	251,290	808,800
13. Education	152,070	31,295	120,775	1,060,095	251,290	808,805
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	143,925	65,075	78,855	596,230	268,050	328,180
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	19,340	14,390	4,950	99,020	72,865	26,150
50. Visual and performing arts	124,590	50,685	73,905	497,210	195,185	302,025
Humanities	196,840	69,600	127,245	850,840	330,490	520,345
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	22,870	4,990	17,880	98,000	22,100	75,900
23. English language and literature/letters	55,685	15,720	39,965	178,590	52,785	125,810
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	58,975	19,690	39,280	275,525	104,135	171,390
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	955	430	525	4,160	1,640	2,520
38. Philosophy and religious studies	12,755	7,105	5,650	51,930	30,185	21,750
39. Theology and religious vocations	10,875	6,820	4,055	77,490	46,285	31,200
54. History	27,730	13,795	13,930	111,465	59,965	51,500
55. French language and literature/letters	7,000	1,050	5,950	53,680	13,400	40,290
Social and behavioural sciences and law	422,140	146,075	276,065	1,761,900	586,455	1,175,445
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	5,715	1,060	4,655	24,685	5,660	19,025
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	46,600	18,130	28,475	182,275	68,030	114,245
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	60,420	5,555	54,865	324,660	26,065	298,595
22. Legal professions and studies	73,180	27,680	45,500	289,600	102,660	186,945
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	7,085	1,590	5,495	35,445	8,150	27,295
42. Psychology	59,035	13,965	45,065	281,470	71,230	210,230
45. Social sciences	170,100	78,095	92,005	623,775	304,660	319,110
Business, management and public administration	710,290	316,185	394,110	3,360,045	1,272,475	2,087,565
30.16 Accounting and computer science	1,450	550	900	6,190	1,850	4,340
44. Public administration and social service professions	44,090	8,915	35,175	237,835	48,815	189,015
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	664,745	306,720	358,025	3,116,025	1,221,805	1,894,215
Physical and life sciences and technologies	139,280	65,385	73,895	614,280	315,665	298,615
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	58,500	23,085	35,410	249,955	105,560	144,400
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	34,525	15,160	19,365	125,600	61,685	63,915
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	2,490	780	1,715	28,155	12,625	15,530
40. Physical sciences	38,775	24,610	14,160	179,305	122,815	56,485
41. Science technologies/technicians	4,995	1,745	3,245	31,270	12,980	18,290
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	172,415	111,640	60,775	651,480	420,370	231,110
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	133,530	91,695	41,830	514,685	356,435	158,250
25. Library science	6,160	1,010	5,150	40,820	6,495	34,320
27. Mathematics and statistics	29,965	17,020	12,945	86,655	50,930	35,725
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	2,760	1,915	845	9,325	6,510	2,815
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	512,040	443,510	68,535	3,327,405	3,022,700	304,700
04. Architecture and related services	31,495	20,350	11,140	114,315	72,880	41,435
14. Engineering	214,355	170,975	43,385	752,465	615,880	136,585
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	89,340	80,240	9,100	620,065	551,855	68,205
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	100	25	75	410	85	325
46. Construction trades	69,290	67,765	1,525	702,155	682,710	19,445
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	71,415	69,560	1,855	731,135	709,430	21,705
48. Precision production	36,050	34,595	1,455	406,855	389,850	17,005
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	33,130	17,945	15,185	339,050	219,040	120,010
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	19,660	11,120	8,545	205,930	127,925	78,005
03. Natural resources and conservation	13,470	6,825	6,640	133,120	91,115	42,005
Health and related fields	350,515	82,575	267,945	2,266,720	441,180	1,825,545
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	30,095	15,365	14,730	164,295	81,260	83,040
51. Health professions and related programs	307,835	60,640	247,200	2,047,680	329,010	1,718,670
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	12,585	6,570	6,015	54,740	30,910	23,830
Personal, protective and transportation services	122,605	59,890	62,710	995,825	507,200	488,630
12. Personal and culinary services	73,665	22,575	51,090	565,555	151,530	414,025
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	400	345	55	3,505	3,080	420
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	560	530	35	7,900	7,230	670
43. Security and protective services	31,600	21,895	9,700	206,745	150,540	56,205
49. Transportation and materials moving	16,380	14,540	1,840	212,125	194,810	17,315
Other	335	100	240	3,170	885	2,280
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	340	100	240	3,170	890	2,280
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	3,453,075	1,658,080	1,794,995	18,931,385	9,268,555	9,662,825
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	1,093,950	551,340	542,605	6,664,380	3,447,130	3,217,250
Education	111,515	22,360	89,150	727,515	160,315	567,205
13. Education	111,515	22,360	89,155	727,515	160,315	567,200
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	115,180	51,975	63,205	467,905	208,365	259,545
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	14,710	10,965	3,745	74,530	53,995	20,535
50. Visual and performing arts	100,465	41,010	59,455	393,375	154,370	239,005
Humanities	152,610	52,495	100,110	614,815	232,425	382,390
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	17,955	3,595	14,365	76,540	16,200	60,340
23. English language and literature/letters	43,250	11,900	31,350	133,800	38,310	95,485
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	46,590	15,100	31,485	191,005	71,770	119,235
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	755	350	405	3,140	1,250	1,895
38. Philosophy and religious studies	9,865	5,520	4,345	37,870	21,930	15,940
39. Theology and religious vocations	7,970	4,980	2,985	52,295	31,200	21,090
54. History	21,045	10,390	10,650	82,565	43,475	39,085
55. French language and literature/letters	5,180	650	4,525	37,600	8,285	29,315
Social and behavioural sciences and law	343,020	115,640	227,375	1,417,625	453,100	964,525
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	4,675	895	3,780	20,300	4,595	15,705
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	38,535	14,990	23,540	152,080	56,125	95,955
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	46,755	3,895	42,860	259,845	19,160	240,685
22. Legal professions and studies	62,345	21,545	40,805	241,170	76,720	164,445
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	5,560	1,305	4,260	27,310	6,390	20,920
42. Psychology	46,440	10,375	36,065	218,470	51,570	166,900
45. Social sciences	138,705	62,635	76,070	498,450	238,540	259,915
Business, management and public administration	586,770	256,525	330,245	2,696,770	1,000,895	1,695,875
30.16 Accounting and computer science	1,225	450	770	4,955	1,480	3,475
44. Public administration and social service professions	35,730	7,150	28,580	192,190	36,890	155,305
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	549,820	248,930	300,890	2,499,625	962,530	1,537,095
Physical and life sciences and technologies	106,185	48,100	58,085	449,870	222,120	227,755
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	44,740	17,110	27,635	195,830	79,945	115,880
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	26,645	11,315	15,325	89,205	42,265	46,945
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	2,045	655	1,390	9,280	3,850	5,430
40. Physical sciences	29,015	17,810	11,205	132,935	87,025	45,905
41. Science technologies/technicians	3,740	1,205	2,530	22,625	9,035	13,590
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	153,315	99,790	53,525	567,415	368,840	198,575
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	122,125	83,960	38,165	464,000	321,805	142,190
25. Library science	4,420	770	3,645	29,955	4,870	25,080
27. Mathematics and statistics	24,330	13,405	10,920	65,620	36,895	28,725
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	2,450	1,650	795	7,840	5,270	2,575
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	394,190	336,265	57,930	2,532,555	2,271,735	260,820
04. Architecture and related services	25,855	16,295	9,560	93,135	57,280	35,850
14. Engineering	175,000	137,235	37,760	612,265	490,980	121,285
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	66,985	59,980	7,005	475,045	418,595	56,450
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	95	20	75	350	70	275
46. Construction trades	50,050	48,900	1,150	515,630	499,670	15,960
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	51,840	50,495	1,345	540,800	523,425	17,375
48. Precision production	24,365	23,330	1,030	295,335	281,715	13,620
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	26,330	13,690	12,640	269,445	167,680	101,770
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	15,345	8,185	7,165	159,975	94,680	65,295
03. Natural resources and conservation	10,985	5,500	5,480	109,470	73,000	36,470
Health and related fields	276,985	64,810	212,175	1,749,545	342,395	1,407,145
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	22,850	11,585	11,265	129,560	63,315	66,245
51. Health professions and related programs	244,170	48,335	195,840	1,576,945	256,895	1,320,050
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	9,960	4,895	5,070	43,040	22,185	20,860
Personal, protective and transportation services	92,740	45,005	47,735	770,950	392,820	378,135
12. Personal and culinary services	55,105	16,430	38,670	431,415	114,395	317,025
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	290	245	45	2,725	2,355	375
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	270	255	20	4,425	3,975	445
43. Security and protective services	24,105	16,480	7,625	162,995	116,750	46,240
49. Transportation and materials moving	12,975	11,595	1,380	169,400	155,340	14,050
Other	280	75	205	2,590	745	1,845
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	280	80	200	2,585	740	1,845
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	5,127,565	2,465,135	2,662,430	28,643,015	13,990,435	14,652,585
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	2,171,970	1,055,875	1,116,100	12,815,975	6,354,625	6,461,350
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	2,955,595	1,409,260	1,546,335	15,827,040	7,635,805	8,191,235
Location of study inside Canada	2,030,770	958,975	1,071,795	13,117,190	6,299,305	6,817,890
Same as province or territory of residence	1,876,620	883,400	993,215	11,519,215	5,503,640	6,015,575
Different than province or territory of residence	154,150	75,570	78,585	1,597,975	795,655	802,315
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	924,825	450,290	474,540	2,709,850	1,336,505	1,373,345
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	87,045	47,790	39,255	349,540	189,995	159,545
Philippines	97,275	34,080	63,195	298,830	109,820	189,020
India	143,425	72,340	71,090	281,415	142,410	138,995
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	62,945	35,240	27,705	232,035	131,050	100,980
China^{Census data footnote 162}	79,715	37,720	41,995	205,375	94,690	110,685
France	6,770	3,685	3,085	88,860	50,400	38,455
Other	447,650	219,440	228,210	1,253,790	618,135	635,655
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	3,453,070	1,658,080	1,794,990	18,931,380	9,268,555	9,662,830
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	1,093,950	551,345	542,605	6,664,380	3,447,125	3,217,250
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	2,359,125	1,106,740	1,252,385	12,267,005	5,821,430	6,445,575
Location of study inside Canada	1,619,990	756,860	863,130	10,134,590	4,807,045	5,327,545
Same as province or territory of residence	1,497,405	696,605	800,805	8,918,160	4,207,495	4,710,665
Different than province or territory of residence	122,580	60,255	62,325	1,216,425	599,545	616,875
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	739,135	349,880	389,260	2,132,415	1,014,385	1,118,030
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	69,385	37,000	32,390	254,245	131,955	122,290
Philippines	82,075	28,300	53,775	263,095	96,025	167,065
India	123,205	60,375	62,825	239,535	117,445	122,090
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	38,455	21,100	17,350	133,655	73,575	60,085
China^{Census data footnote 162}	67,305	31,345	35,955	175,825	79,635	96,190
France	5,705	3,090	2,610	72,920	40,610	32,310
Other	353,015	168,670	184,345	993,135	475,145	517,990
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	5,127,570	2,465,135	2,662,435	28,643,020	13,990,430	14,652,585
In the labour force	3,395,035	1,751,695	1,643,345	18,672,475	9,731,830	8,940,645
Employed	3,131,310	1,620,650	1,510,665	17,230,040	8,923,540	8,306,490
Unemployed	263,725	131,045	132,680	1,442,435	808,285	634,150
Not in the labour force	1,732,530	713,440	1,019,095	9,970,545	4,258,605	5,711,945
Participation rate	66.2	71.1	61.7	65.2	69.6	61.0
Employment rate	61.1	65.7	56.7	60.2	63.8	56.7
Unemployment rate	7.8	7.5	8.1	7.7	8.3	7.1
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	5,127,570	2,465,135	2,662,435	28,643,020	13,990,430	14,652,580
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	1,676,685	690,615	986,070	9,282,005	3,930,570	5,351,440
Worked	3,450,885	1,774,515	1,676,365	19,361,010	10,059,865	9,301,150
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	1,783,150	991,020	792,130	9,626,010	5,402,110	4,223,895
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	1,667,730	783,495	884,240	9,735,005	4,657,755	5,077,245
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.6	43.3	41.9	42.4	42.9	42.0
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	3,395,035	1,751,695	1,643,340	18,672,470	9,731,825	8,940,640
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	94,665	43,825	50,840	404,350	197,705	206,640
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	3,300,370	1,707,870	1,592,500	18,268,125	9,534,120	8,734,000
Employee	2,886,735	1,438,530	1,448,200	16,073,685	8,158,745	7,914,940
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	413,635	269,335	144,300	2,194,440	1,375,380	819,060
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	3,395,035	1,751,695	1,643,345	18,672,470	9,731,830	8,940,645
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	94,665	43,830	50,840	404,350	197,710	206,640
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	3,300,370	1,707,865	1,592,500	18,268,120	9,534,120	8,734,005
0 Management occupations	394,280	239,200	155,080	2,013,370	1,251,165	762,205
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	601,285	210,175	391,110	2,874,305	862,870	2,011,440
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	279,765	214,135	65,630	1,273,660	990,560	283,105
3 Health occupations	184,005	43,195	140,810	1,245,885	244,730	1,001,155
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	378,750	115,535	263,210	2,138,445	672,945	1,465,495
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	131,660	64,385	67,280	557,275	255,705	301,570
6 Sales and service occupations	773,450	355,335	418,115	4,265,895	1,843,510	2,422,390
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	374,450	348,325	26,125	2,668,875	2,504,290	164,585
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	26,040	20,920	5,120	416,135	331,920	84,215
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	156,695	96,670	60,030	814,285	576,435	237,845
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	3,395,035	1,751,695	1,643,345	18,672,475	9,731,830	8,940,640
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	94,670	43,825	50,840	404,350	197,710	206,640
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	3,300,370	1,707,870	1,592,505	18,268,125	9,534,120	8,734,000
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	10,650	6,355	4,300	444,680	310,000	134,675
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	4,840	3,360	1,485	271,300	219,880	51,420
22 Utilities	21,020	14,710	6,315	136,350	100,135	36,210
23 Construction	202,820	176,825	25,995	1,365,010	1,196,550	168,455
31-33 Manufacturing	297,095	197,110	99,985	1,596,570	1,149,745	446,820
41 Wholesale trade	148,765	92,475	56,290	665,685	451,230	214,455
44-45 Retail trade	357,305	170,725	186,585	2,110,200	984,090	1,126,115
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	175,370	128,850	46,515	876,050	656,375	219,670
51 Information and cultural industries	111,260	64,370	46,885	420,350	243,650	176,705
52 Finance and insurance	256,030	122,265	133,765	790,580	327,865	462,715
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	85,340	45,945	39,400	333,305	184,350	148,955
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	349,475	196,515	152,960	1,335,125	740,520	594,605
55 Management of companies and enterprises	8,980	3,725	5,245	28,795	12,795	16,000
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	170,015	93,700	76,315	802,420	462,825	339,590
61 Educational services	242,880	74,790	168,090	1,346,585	420,845	925,735
62 Health care and social assistance	306,505	60,805	245,700	2,138,025	383,755	1,754,270
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	67,460	35,520	31,935	379,740	192,875	186,865
72 Accommodation and food services	214,090	97,280	116,810	1,283,725	535,210	748,515
81 Other services (except public administration)	140,750	59,140	81,610	814,695	371,880	442,815
91 Public administration	129,730	63,405	66,325	1,128,945	589,530	539,405
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	3,131,315	1,620,650	1,510,660	17,230,035	8,923,540	8,306,495
Worked at home	227,805	115,735	112,070	1,272,285	639,500	632,785
Worked outside Canada	19,885	13,445	6,445	78,815	54,235	24,580
No fixed workplace address	362,910	258,955	103,960	1,987,260	1,487,445	499,820
Worked at usual place	2,520,710	1,232,520	1,288,190	13,891,675	6,742,360	7,149,315
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	2,520,710	1,232,520	1,288,190	13,891,680	6,742,365	7,149,315
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	1,390,920	629,775	761,150	8,102,115	3,723,115	4,379,005
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	296,770	144,860	151,910	2,906,390	1,435,640	1,470,750
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	827,240	454,405	372,840	2,725,205	1,492,170	1,233,030
Commute to a different province or territory	5,780	3,480	2,300	157,970	91,445	66,525
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	2,883,620	1,491,475	1,392,150	15,878,940	8,229,810	7,649,135
Car, truck, van - as a driver	1,822,275	1,038,935	783,340	11,748,095	6,380,120	5,367,975
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	162,250	60,150	102,105	868,920	349,855	519,065
Public transit	682,935	287,755	395,180	1,968,215	846,735	1,121,485
Walked	148,075	65,960	82,115	877,985	392,950	485,030
Bicycle	39,580	25,130	14,450	222,130	146,615	75,515
Other method	28,510	13,545	14,965	193,595	113,525	80,060
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	2,883,620	1,491,475	1,392,145	15,878,945	8,229,810	7,649,130
Less than 15 minutes	421,685	190,530	231,160	4,449,920	2,071,365	2,378,555
15 to 29 minutes	828,535	419,575	408,960	5,314,295	2,725,165	2,589,130
30 to 44 minutes	747,815	406,185	341,625	3,228,845	1,782,680	1,446,165
45 to 59 minutes	383,645	205,085	178,565	1,391,060	768,115	622,940
60 minutes and over	501,935	270,105	231,830	1,494,830	882,485	612,345
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	2,883,620	1,491,475	1,392,150	15,878,940	8,229,810	7,649,135
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	171,870	123,165	48,705	1,073,680	781,230	292,455
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	443,415	265,760	177,645	2,814,750	1,754,045	1,060,710
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	733,585	355,240	378,345	4,458,835	2,217,210	2,241,620
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	674,150	309,245	364,905	3,349,975	1,408,710	1,941,265
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	418,610	198,245	220,360	1,756,265	752,940	1,003,325
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	441,995	239,820	202,175	2,425,435	1,315,670	1,109,765
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	3,573,895	1,834,125	1,739,765	19,956,255	10,342,970	9,613,285
Single responses	3,491,900	1,794,810	1,697,090	19,365,980	10,042,855	9,323,130
Official languages	3,398,800	1,745,460	1,653,335	19,090,545	9,897,470	9,193,075
English	3,386,000	1,742,070	1,643,925	15,265,335	7,952,010	7,313,320
French	12,795	3,390	9,410	3,825,215	1,945,465	1,879,750
Non-official languages	93,100	49,350	43,755	275,430	145,380	130,055
Aboriginal languages	10	10	10	24,950	12,385	12,565
Algonquian languages	10	0	0	14,440	7,370	7,070
Blackfoot	0	0	0	80	45	35
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	10	11,540	5,820	5,720
Atikamekw	0	0	0	1,095	580	515
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	2,055	970	1,085
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	370	180	190
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	40	25	10
Plains Cree	0	0	0	95	60	35
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	15	10	0
Woods Cree	10	0	0	75	35	40
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	7,795	3,965	3,835
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	925	510	420
Malecite	0	0	0	10	0	10
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	915	505	410
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	0	0	1,895	995	900
Algonquin	0	0	0	45	20	25
Ojibway	10	0	0	765	380	385
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	1,080	595	485
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	10	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	1,140	530	610
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	1,135	525	610
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	20	0	15
Chilcotin	0	0	0	20	0	10
Dene	0	0	0	770	360	405
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	165	80	80
Gwich'in	0	0	0	10	10	10
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	10	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	135	65	70
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	95	45	45
South Slavey	0	0	0	35	20	20
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	10	10	10
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	10	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	10
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	10
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	10	0	10
Inuit languages	0	0	0	8,845	4,255	4,595
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	35	10	25
Inuktitut	0	0	0	8,800	4,240	4,555
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	10
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	35	10	30
Cayuga	0	0	0	10	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	35	10	25
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	10	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	110	25	85
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	15	10	10
Lillooet	0	0	0	15	10	10
Okanagan	0	0	0	20	10	20
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	35	0	30
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	15	0	15
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	10
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	260	155	105
Dakota	0	0	0	20	10	10
Stoney	0	0	0	240	145	95
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	10	10	10
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	25	0	20
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	10	10	10
Nisga'a	0	0	0	10	10	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	10
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	35	15	20
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	15	10	10
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	10	10	10
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	30	15	15
Non-Aboriginal languages	93,095	49,345	43,745	250,485	132,990	117,490
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,860	1,060	800	7,380	4,530	2,850
Berber languages	0	0	0	35	10	30
Kabyle	0	0	0	20	0	20
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	15
Cushitic languages	100	45	60	275	105	170
Bilen	0	0	0	10	10	10
Oromo	15	10	0	45	25	20
Somali	85	35	55	220	80	145
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	1,750	1,015	735	7,065	4,420	2,650
Amharic	55	20	35	200	95	100
Arabic	1,170	765	405	5,585	3,695	1,890
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	110	80	30	205	155	55
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	10	0	30	20	15
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	340	105	240	825	335	490
Maltese	20	15	0	25	15	10
Tigrigna	45	25	20	135	70	60
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	65	35	30
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	10	0	10
Austro-Asiatic languages	1,800	740	1,055	8,550	3,790	4,760
Khmer (Cambodian)	50	25	20	475	230	245
Vietnamese	1,745	715	1,035	8,070	3,560	4,510
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	1,105	405	700	3,850	1,750	2,095
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	25	10	10	75	20	55
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	10	10	10	25	0	15
Ilocano	35	20	20	110	50	60
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	35	15	25	140	75	65
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10	0	10	10	0	10
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	985	360	625	3,450	1,580	1,875
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	10	40	25	15
Creole languages	20	20	10	350	125	225
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	25	10	15
Creole, n.o.s.	20	20	10	315	110	200
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	15	0	10
Dravidian languages	1,935	930	1,005	2,225	1,060	1,165
Kannada	0	0	10	0	0	0
Malayalam	65	30	30	90	50	45
Tamil	1,835	890	945	2,090	1,005	1,080
Telugu	35	10	25	45	10	35
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	10	10	0
Indo-European languages	27,135	14,985	12,150	85,550	47,305	38,245
Albanian	215	120	90	350	220	125
Armenian	145	65	75	450	220	230
Balto-Slavic languages	5,340	2,575	2,760	10,075	4,745	5,330
Baltic languages	55	20	30	95	35	60
Latvian	10	0	10	40	10	25
Lithuanian	50	20	25	60	25	30
Slavic languages	5,290	2,555	2,730	9,980	4,710	5,270
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	45	30	10	155	90	65
Bulgarian	110	75	35	205	110	90
Croatian	90	60	30	220	130	95
Czech	15	10	0	70	40	30
Macedonian	80	35	45	95	45	55
Polish	1,510	800	710	2,500	1,265	1,235
Russian	2,500	1,090	1,410	4,850	2,135	2,720
Serbian	170	110	55	530	320	210
Serbo-Croatian	20	15	10	30	25	0
Slovak	50	30	15	100	60	40
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	10	15	0	10
Ukrainian	690	295	400	1,210	485	725
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	10	10	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	25	20	10
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	15	15	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	10	10	10
Germanic languages	380	155	230	13,285	7,455	5,835
Afrikaans	0	0	0	85	40	40
Danish	20	0	10	90	50	35
Dutch	65	50	20	1,165	630	540
Frisian	0	0	0	40	25	15
German	235	80	160	10,065	5,715	4,345
Icelandic	10	0	0	0	10	0
Norwegian	10	10	0	65	30	40
Swedish	20	10	15	125	55	70
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	10	0	35	20	15
Yiddish	15	10	15	895	390	505
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	720	495	225
Greek	345	190	150	1,020	545	475
Indo-Iranian languages	10,900	6,060	4,845	37,330	21,140	16,190
Indo-Aryan languages	8,445	4,520	3,935	32,485	18,125	14,360
Bengali	295	145	155	530	275	245
Gujarati	620	210	410	880	300	585
Hindi	730	355	375	1,405	755	650
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	10	0	0
Marathi	30	15	15	30	15	15
Nepali	55	20	35	195	95	100
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	5,655	3,255	2,400	27,870	15,945	11,920
Sindhi	25	10	15	35	10	30
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	30	15	15	40	25	20
Urdu	1,005	495	510	1,495	705	790
Iranian languages	2,450	1,545	905	4,820	3,000	1,815
Kurdish	80	75	10	185	150	40
Pashto	15	0	10	50	20	25
Persian (Farsi)	2,355	1,470	890	4,580	2,830	1,750
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	10	20	10	15
Italic (Romance) languages	9,815	5,805	4,005	23,025	12,965	10,060
Catalan	0	0	0	30	10	20
Italian	750	405	345	1,705	895	805
Portuguese	4,975	3,295	1,680	7,490	4,795	2,695
Romanian	245	105	140	745	365	380
Spanish	3,830	1,995	1,835	13,030	6,885	6,145
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	25	10	10
Japanese	770	255	525	3,255	1,195	2,065
Kartvelian languages	10	0	10	30	10	20
Georgian	10	10	0	30	10	20
Korean	4,280	2,160	2,115	12,150	6,260	5,885
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	10	10	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Niger-Congo languages	75	40	35	235	120	115
Akan (Twi)	15	0	15	25	10	20
Bamanankan	0	0	0	10	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	10	0	10	0	0
Ganda	20	15	15	20	10	10
Igbo	0	0	0	10	10	0
Lingala	0	0	0	10	0	10
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	25	0	15
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	10	10	0	80	50	30
Wolof	0	0	0	10	0	10
Yoruba	10	0	10	15	0	15
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	15	15	0	30	20	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	365	145	220	1,920	740	1,180
American Sign Language	255	80	180	1,145	340	810
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	135	15	115
Sign languages, n.i.e	105	65	45	640	390	255
Sino-Tibetan languages	52,950	28,150	24,795	122,880	65,030	57,850
Chinese languages	52,900	28,125	24,775	122,610	64,880	57,730
Cantonese	25,385	13,225	12,160	58,815	30,485	28,340
Hakka	35	10	25	70	25	45
Mandarin	26,295	14,290	12,005	60,090	32,430	27,665
Min Dong	30	15	10	25	15	10
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	220	145	75	565	335	225
Wu (Shanghainese)	30	20	10	105	65	45
Chinese, n.o.s.	910	425	490	2,930	1,530	1,405
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	50	30	20	270	155	115
Burmese	10	0	10	75	35	35
Karenic languages	0	0	0	135	75	55
Tibetan	40	30	10	50	30	20
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	10
Tai-Kadai languages	75	30	45	675	270	405
Lao	0	0	10	150	70	80
Thai	70	30	35	525	205	325
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	415	285	130	750	475	275
Azerbaijani	10	10	10	30	20	0
Turkish	400	270	125	685	435	255
Uyghur	0	0	0	15	15	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	15	10	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	300	145	160	595	270	325
Estonian	45	10	35	50	15	40
Finnish	35	10	30	105	40	65
Hungarian	220	120	95	435	225	215
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	80	45	35
Multiple responses	81,990	39,315	42,680	590,270	300,115	290,155
English and French	17,250	6,625	10,620	412,680	211,095	201,585
English and non-official language	63,475	32,120	31,360	154,285	77,870	76,420
French and non-official language	85	45	40	7,830	3,595	4,235
English, French and non-official language	1,180	520	660	15,475	7,565	7,915
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	3,573,890	1,834,125	1,739,765	19,956,250	10,342,970	9,613,290
None	3,303,720	1,698,930	1,604,790	17,456,725	9,056,235	8,400,490
English	45,255	21,620	23,630	1,259,225	661,460	597,765
French	50,065	21,430	28,635	705,780	349,035	356,745
Non-official language	170,330	89,990	80,340	496,565	257,455	239,105
Aboriginal	160	45	115	37,615	17,215	20,400
Non-Aboriginal	170,170	89,945	80,220	458,945	240,245	218,710
English and French	80	40	40	2,535	1,200	1,335
English and non-official language	1,240	595	645	18,040	8,765	9,280
French and non-official language	3,180	1,495	1,685	17,265	8,730	8,540
English, French and non-official language	25	20	10	115	90	30
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	6,102,380	2,965,875	3,136,510	34,091,785	16,783,745	17,308,035
Non-movers	5,339,195	2,590,535	2,748,660	29,644,795	14,593,190	15,051,605
Movers	763,190	375,335	387,855	4,446,990	2,190,555	2,256,435
Non-migrants	448,425	219,440	228,980	2,623,515	1,292,750	1,330,760
Migrants	314,765	155,890	158,870	1,823,475	897,805	925,670
Internal migrants	209,390	103,440	105,950	1,451,005	713,060	737,945
Intraprovincial migrants	182,460	89,955	92,505	1,189,525	580,895	608,630
Interprovincial migrants	26,930	13,485	13,445	261,475	132,160	129,315
External migrants	105,375	52,455	52,920	372,475	184,745	187,730
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	5,839,885	2,831,440	3,008,450	32,568,560	16,004,315	16,564,245
Non-movers	3,600,585	1,739,465	1,861,115	20,134,760	9,902,645	10,232,115
Movers	2,239,300	1,091,970	1,147,335	12,433,805	6,101,675	6,332,130
Non-migrants	1,222,360	594,025	628,335	6,755,630	3,314,730	3,440,905
Migrants	1,016,945	497,950	518,995	5,678,175	2,786,945	2,891,230
Internal migrants	622,105	304,350	317,760	4,296,720	2,104,325	2,192,395
Intraprovincial migrants	553,000	270,880	282,120	3,467,670	1,689,950	1,777,720
Interprovincial migrants	69,105	33,465	35,635	829,045	414,375	414,670
External migrants	394,840	193,600	201,240	1,381,460	682,625	698,835

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Toronto [Economic region], Ontario and Canada [Country] (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 31, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Toronto [Economic region], Ontario and Canada [Country]

Census Profile, 2016 Census Toronto [Economic region], Ontario and Canada [Country]

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Toronto [Economic region], Ontario and Canada [Country]