Census Profile, 2016 Census
Toronto [Economic region], Ontario and Manitoba [Province]

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Toronto Ontario [Economic region]			Manitoba [Province]
	Data quality , Toronto [Economic region], Ontario Map : Toronto [Economic region], Ontario Change geography 1			Data quality : Manitoba [Province] Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	6,234,202	...	...	1,278,365	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	5,878,412	...	...	1,208,268	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	6.1	...	...	5.8	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	2,352,468	...	...	539,748	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	2,249,703	...	...	489,050	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	898.1	...	...	2.3	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	6,941.47	...	...	552,370.99	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	6,234,200	3,026,110	3,208,090	1,278,365	631,400	646,970
0 to 14 years	1,039,970	533,790	506,180	243,820	125,110	118,710
0 to 4 years	326,565	167,265	159,305	81,065	41,710	39,355
5 to 9 years	357,060	183,320	173,730	83,375	42,565	40,805
10 to 14 years	356,345	183,200	173,145	79,380	40,835	38,545
15 to 64 years	4,289,265	2,089,550	2,199,715	835,580	417,260	418,320
15 to 19 years	386,265	198,700	187,560	82,440	42,555	39,890
20 to 24 years	432,340	220,945	211,390	86,760	44,465	42,295
25 to 29 years	441,820	218,575	223,250	86,695	43,570	43,125
30 to 34 years	438,180	210,530	227,645	85,185	42,210	42,975
35 to 39 years	425,755	199,810	225,950	81,105	39,885	41,215
40 to 44 years	435,115	205,570	229,540	79,325	39,530	39,795
45 to 49 years	462,125	220,695	241,425	79,350	39,220	40,130
50 to 54 years	486,620	237,875	248,740	89,840	44,485	45,355
55 to 59 years	430,205	209,590	220,620	87,765	43,555	44,210
60 to 64 years	350,840	167,255	183,580	77,110	37,780	39,325
65 years and over	904,970	402,775	502,195	198,965	89,025	109,945
65 to 69 years	296,470	139,530	156,940	64,905	31,280	33,625
70 to 74 years	208,245	96,910	111,330	45,980	21,940	24,040
75 to 79 years	159,900	71,560	88,340	33,555	15,250	18,305
80 to 84 years	119,215	51,655	67,560	25,315	10,740	14,575
85 years and over	121,145	43,115	78,025	29,210	9,810	19,395
85 to 89 years	76,155	29,565	46,595	17,335	6,460	10,875
90 to 94 years	35,235	11,115	24,120	8,945	2,710	6,230
95 to 99 years	8,440	2,195	6,240	2,520	580	1,940
100 years and over	1,315	245	1,070	415	60	350
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16.7	17.6	15.8	19.1	19.8	18.3
15 to 64 years	68.8	69.1	68.6	65.4	66.1	64.7
65 years and over	14.5	13.3	15.7	15.6	14.1	17.0
85 years and over	1.9	1.4	2.4	2.3	1.6	3.0
Average age of the population	39.7	38.7	40.6	39.2	38.2	40.2
Median age of the population	39.4	38.2	40.5	38.3	37.2	39.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	2,249,705	...	...	489,050	...	...
Single-detached house	921,815	...	...	331,420	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	636,695	...	...	39,080	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	690,475	...	...	108,120	...	...
Semi-detached house	163,675	...	...	15,865	...	...
Row house	206,630	...	...	17,225	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	93,835	...	...	7,065	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	222,615	...	...	67,205	...	...
Other single-attached house	3,720	...	...	755	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	715	...	...	10,435	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	2,249,705	...	...	489,050	...	...
1 person	545,140	...	...	135,500	...	...
2 persons	634,980	...	...	164,880	...	...
3 persons	394,035	...	...	71,065	...	...
4 persons	397,735	...	...	66,675	...	...
5 or more persons	277,820	...	...	50,930	...	...
Number of persons in private households	6,165,600	...	...	1,240,700	...	...
Average household size	2.7	...	...	2.5	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	5,194,230	2,492,325	2,701,905	1,034,545	506,280	528,260
Married or living common law	2,902,635	1,451,000	1,451,635	593,615	297,280	296,335
Married	2,587,840	1,291,310	1,296,525	503,390	252,210	251,175
Living common law	314,800	159,685	155,105	90,230	45,075	45,155
Not married and not living common law	2,291,595	1,041,320	1,250,275	440,925	209,000	231,930
Never married	1,607,225	835,095	772,130	300,415	162,440	137,980
Separated	138,685	54,780	83,905	24,845	11,080	13,765
Divorced	287,075	103,290	183,785	54,860	22,780	32,080
Widowed	258,610	48,160	210,450	60,805	12,700	48,100
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	1,713,865	...	...	346,160	...	...
2 persons	723,000	...	...	171,435	...	...
3 persons	418,000	...	...	71,630	...	...
4 persons	411,310	...	...	65,500	...	...
5 or more persons	161,550	...	...	37,600	...	...
Average size of census families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	1,713,865	...	...	346,160	...	...
Total couple families	1,404,700	...	...	287,200	...	...
Married couples	1,247,420	...	...	242,100	...	...
Common-law couples	157,285	...	...	45,100	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	309,160	...	...	58,960	...	...
Female parent	255,305	...	...	45,930	...	...
Male parent	53,860	...	...	13,025	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	1,404,700	...	...	287,205	...	...
Couples without children	539,895	...	...	137,135	...	...
Couples with children	864,810	...	...	150,070	...	...
1 child	327,910	...	...	55,730	...	...
2 children	384,680	...	...	59,965	...	...
3 or more children	152,220	...	...	34,375	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	309,160	...	...	58,960	...	...
1 child	183,105	...	...	34,305	...	...
2 children	90,095	...	...	15,895	...	...
3 or more children	35,965	...	...	8,765	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	964,335	434,985	529,355	212,415	104,435	107,980
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	2,249,705	...	...	489,050	...	...
One-census-family households	1,512,445	...	...	323,125	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	462,620	...	...	130,475	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	1,049,825	...	...	192,650	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	96,820	...	...	11,110	...	...
Non-census-family households	640,440	...	...	154,815	...	...
One-person households	545,135	...	...	135,495	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	95,305	...	...	19,315	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	6,187,365	3,007,255	3,180,105	1,261,620	624,095	637,520
English only	5,433,360	2,690,825	2,742,540	1,135,395	566,980	568,410
French only	5,080	2,140	2,940	1,485	680	800
English and French	488,665	211,120	277,550	108,460	49,205	59,255
Neither English nor French	260,255	103,185	157,075	16,285	7,235	9,050
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	6,187,365	3,007,260	3,180,105	1,261,620	624,100	637,520
English	5,799,765	2,845,905	2,953,860	1,203,025	596,475	606,550
French	78,295	36,160	42,140	39,200	18,880	20,325
English and French	52,755	23,825	28,930	3,545	1,755	1,790
Neither English nor French	256,550	101,370	155,175	15,840	6,985	8,860
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	104,675	48,070	56,605	40,975	19,760	21,215
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	1.7	1.6	1.8	3.2	3.2	3.3
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	6,187,365	3,007,255	3,180,105	1,261,620	624,095	637,520
Single responses	5,945,455	2,890,340	3,055,110	1,230,115	608,820	621,300
Official languages	3,397,250	1,682,940	1,714,310	941,130	468,430	472,705
English	3,326,120	1,649,935	1,676,185	900,610	448,960	451,645
French	71,130	33,005	38,125	40,520	19,465	21,055
Non-official languages	2,548,200	1,207,395	1,340,805	288,985	140,395	148,590
Aboriginal languages	605	265	340	29,710	14,265	15,440
Algonquian languages	415	180	230	28,070	13,505	14,565
Blackfoot	5	10	0	5	0	5
Cree-Montagnais languages	120	45	75	14,820	7,085	7,740
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	5	0	5	0	0
Moose Cree	10	5	10	0	0	5
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	5	5	0	30	5	20
Plains Cree	5	0	5	70	25	40
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	30	15	20	745	305	440
Woods Cree	5	0	0	65	20	40
Cree, n.o.s.	55	25	35	13,915	6,725	7,195
Eastern Algonquian languages	25	10	15	10	5	5
Malecite	0	0	0	0	5	0
Mi'kmaq	25	10	15	10	5	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	255	115	140	13,235	6,410	6,825
Algonquin	5	0	5	0	0	0
Ojibway	230	110	125	6,730	3,180	3,550
Oji-Cree	10	5	5	6,505	3,235	3,265
Ottawa (Odawa)	10	0	10	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	30	10	15	815	375	445
Northern Athabaskan languages	20	10	15	815	380	440
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	5	5	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	5	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	10	5	0	810	375	435
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	10	5	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	5	0	5
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	40	15	25	80	20	60
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Inuktitut	35	15	25	65	20	45
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	15	5	10
Iroquoian languages	20	5	15	0	0	5
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	20	5	10	5	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	5	0	5	80	40	40
Salish languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	5
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	5	0	0	630	305	330
Dakota	0	0	0	630	305	325
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	5	5	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	90	45	40	15	10	5
Non-Aboriginal languages	2,547,600	1,207,135	1,340,465	259,280	126,130	133,155
Afro-Asiatic languages	141,580	70,725	70,855	10,700	5,580	5,120
Berber languages	215	130	90	40	25	15
Kabyle	100	55	45	35	15	10
Berber languages, n.i.e.	115	75	45	10	10	5
Cushitic languages	14,455	6,220	8,240	1,750	875	875
Bilen	80	45	30	155	85	70
Oromo	1,015	490	525	345	175	170
Somali	13,300	5,645	7,650	1,245	610	640
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	65	40	30	10	10	0
Semitic languages	126,545	64,195	62,355	8,840	4,640	4,200
Amharic	7,515	3,410	4,110	1,770	885	885
Arabic	86,605	44,585	42,020	4,695	2,500	2,190
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	9,950	4,870	5,085	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	1,810	905	905	0	0	0
Harari	940	440	495	0	0	0
Hebrew	10,380	5,555	4,825	545	320	225
Maltese	3,695	1,805	1,885	40	20	25
Tigrigna	4,750	2,175	2,570	1,770	905	865
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	905	450	450	10	5	5
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	355	185	175	65	35	30
Austro-Asiatic languages	51,135	23,335	27,800	4,180	1,970	2,205
Khmer (Cambodian)	3,015	1,365	1,655	280	135	145
Vietnamese	48,045	21,945	26,100	3,895	1,840	2,060
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	70	25	40	5	0	0
Austronesian languages	162,855	64,570	98,285	52,905	24,685	28,220
Bikol	470	205	265	175	80	95
Cebuano	5,135	2,040	3,095	1,245	565	675
Fijian	55	30	25	35	15	15
Hiligaynon	2,335	895	1,445	390	170	220
Ilocano	9,435	3,700	5,745	1,365	630	730
Malagasy	30	15	20	0	0	5
Malay	4,470	2,015	2,460	175	65	105
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	1,315	590	725	655	315	340
Pangasinan	460	185	270	135	65	70
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	137,800	54,380	83,420	48,530	22,670	25,855
Waray-Waray	320	105	210	50	30	25
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	1,015	405	610	150	70	85
Creole languages	5,670	2,645	3,025	570	275	305
Haitian Creole	225	105	115	20	10	10
Creole, n.o.s.	3,450	1,630	1,820	290	140	145
Creole languages, n.i.e.	1,990	910	1,085	265	120	145
Dravidian languages	135,105	66,500	68,605	1,565	825	735
Kannada	2,050	1,030	1,020	95	50	40
Malayalam	12,750	6,540	6,205	790	410	380
Tamil	110,915	53,865	57,045	480	255	230
Telugu	9,120	4,930	4,190	195	115	80
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	280	135	140	10	0	5
Hmong-Mien languages	25	10	15	5	0	0
Indo-European languages	1,391,750	673,845	717,905	158,350	77,605	80,750
Albanian	13,295	6,630	6,665	350	170	180
Armenian	12,660	6,110	6,550	65	35	30
Balto-Slavic languages	266,925	122,315	144,610	34,450	15,845	18,605
Baltic languages	5,530	2,220	3,310	165	65	95
Latvian	2,310	925	1,380	80	35	45
Lithuanian	3,215	1,290	1,925	85	35	45
Slavic languages	261,395	120,095	141,300	34,280	15,775	18,510
Belarusan	360	170	190	40	20	25
Bosnian	2,760	1,335	1,425	575	285	290
Bulgarian	7,010	3,380	3,630	140	70	65
Croatian	16,770	8,060	8,705	1,030	505	530
Czech	4,890	2,265	2,625	615	310	310
Macedonian	12,680	6,025	6,655	145	70	75
Polish	72,345	32,690	39,655	6,455	2,905	3,545
Russian	83,105	37,685	45,425	9,130	4,495	4,640
Serbian	21,770	10,615	11,155	655	335	320
Serbo-Croatian	2,460	1,160	1,305	240	110	130
Slovak	5,355	2,475	2,880	405	175	225
Slovene (Slovenian)	3,880	1,710	2,170	270	130	140
Ukrainian	27,470	12,240	15,225	14,505	6,325	8,180
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	540	280	260	75	40	30
Celtic languages	495	235	265	115	60	55
Scottish Gaelic	185	85	100	50	25	20
Welsh	170	75	100	60	30	30
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	140	75	60	10	10	0
Germanic languages	49,180	22,260	26,920	68,670	33,310	35,360
Afrikaans	1,060	510	555	420	220	205
Danish	1,610	735	875	280	145	135
Dutch	10,010	4,695	5,315	2,675	1,335	1,335
Frisian	190	80	110	55	30	25
German	30,915	13,815	17,100	63,825	30,940	32,890
Icelandic	90	45	50	475	210	260
Norwegian	415	180	225	115	45	65
Swedish	1,175	505	670	135	70	70
Vlaams (Flemish)	305	115	185	310	125	180
Yiddish	3,355	1,555	1,800	355	175	180
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	50	20	25	25	10	10
Greek	42,260	20,540	21,720	1,285	665	615
Indo-Iranian languages	595,725	299,925	295,805	32,325	17,135	15,195
Indo-Aryan languages	481,075	242,275	238,800	29,520	15,700	13,820
Bengali	38,805	19,520	19,285	1,170	675	495
Gujarati	64,820	32,465	32,355	3,115	1,660	1,455
Hindi	48,620	24,410	24,215	2,270	1,215	1,060
Kashmiri	275	140	135	5	5	5
Konkani	2,175	1,030	1,145	35	20	15
Marathi	4,510	2,290	2,220	135	80	50
Nepali	4,695	2,360	2,335	720	355	365
Oriya (Odia)	590	320	270	10	5	5
Punjabi (Panjabi)	171,465	87,125	84,340	18,320	9,650	8,670
Sindhi	5,875	2,750	3,125	60	30	30
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	8,035	3,885	4,150	670	345	320
Urdu	131,205	65,985	65,220	3,015	1,655	1,355
Iranian languages	112,705	56,625	56,085	2,705	1,365	1,335
Kurdish	2,800	1,575	1,225	415	210	200
Pashto	7,855	4,050	3,810	275	130	150
Persian (Farsi)	102,050	50,995	51,050	2,020	1,030	990
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	1,950	1,030	920	100	60	40
Italic (Romance) languages	411,210	195,830	215,375	21,100	10,385	10,710
Catalan	170	95	85	0	0	5
Italian	153,095	73,500	79,595	3,840	1,910	1,930
Portuguese	103,775	49,730	54,045	6,585	3,190	3,390
Romanian	25,535	11,875	13,655	645	310	335
Spanish	128,405	60,530	67,875	10,005	4,965	5,040
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	225	105	125	15	5	10
Japanese	9,730	3,400	6,330	540	185	350
Kartvelian languages	1,105	595	510	15	10	10
Georgian	1,110	595	510	15	5	5
Korean	55,300	25,400	29,905	3,760	1,810	1,950
Mongolic languages	350	160	190	20	5	15
Mongolian	350	160	190	20	5	15
Niger-Congo languages	24,615	11,545	13,070	3,895	1,965	1,930
Akan (Twi)	8,540	3,930	4,610	150	90	65
Bamanankan	55	30	30	75	25	45
Edo	1,030	415	615	40	20	15
Ewe	380	185	195	30	20	10
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	230	120	110	65	35	30
Ga	455	205	250	15	10	5
Ganda	520	245	275	50	20	30
Igbo	1,575	805	775	280	155	130
Lingala	395	190	210	75	30	40
Rundi (Kirundi)	370	175	195	135	60	65
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	400	180	220	250	125	120
Shona	720	345	380	110	50	60
Swahili	3,290	1,535	1,750	870	420	455
Wolof	165	85	80	75	50	25
Yoruba	3,445	1,750	1,695	1,030	525	505
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	3,040	1,355	1,685	640	315	325
Nilo-Saharan languages	375	205	160	395	215	180
Dinka	40	25	20	175	90	80
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	330	185	145	225	125	100
Sign languages	1,300	700	605	440	230	210
American Sign Language	505	265	245	240	125	115
Quebec Sign Language	5	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	795	440	360	195	100	95
Sino-Tibetan languages	519,890	241,410	278,480	18,880	9,320	9,565
Chinese languages	513,390	238,240	275,145	18,305	9,025	9,280
Cantonese	248,980	115,625	133,355	6,625	3,140	3,485
Hakka	6,530	2,930	3,600	55	30	25
Mandarin	228,755	106,410	122,345	10,170	5,110	5,060
Min Dong	770	365	400	5	5	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	11,625	5,360	6,265	325	150	165
Wu (Shanghainese)	5,330	2,400	2,935	110	55	50
Chinese, n.o.s.	11,210	5,055	6,160	1,010	530	475
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	190	90	95	5	5	5
Tibeto-Burman languages	6,505	3,170	3,330	575	295	285
Burmese	1,005	455	555	85	50	30
Karenic languages	265	125	140	430	215	220
Tibetan	4,885	2,415	2,470	10	5	5
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	345	175	170	55	20	35
Tai-Kadai languages	3,960	1,610	2,355	1,120	525	595
Lao	2,195	1,060	1,130	875	445	430
Thai	1,740	540	1,205	240	85	165
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	20	5	15	5	0	0
Turkic languages	16,775	8,725	8,050	340	190	150
Azerbaijani	1,615	865	755	30	20	15
Turkish	13,755	7,175	6,580	210	120	95
Uyghur	395	195	195	10	5	10
Uzbek	595	300	295	40	25	15
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	415	190	225	40	25	20
Uralic languages	25,115	11,260	13,850	1,440	655	790
Estonian	2,765	1,160	1,610	30	10	15
Finnish	2,575	1,040	1,535	225	85	135
Hungarian	19,770	9,065	10,710	1,185	550	635
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	970	500	470	155	85	70
Multiple responses	241,910	116,915	124,995	31,505	15,280	16,220
English and French	15,865	7,345	8,520	4,365	2,140	2,230
English and non-official language	213,300	103,825	109,470	25,965	12,530	13,440
French and non-official language	6,205	2,795	3,410	695	380	315
English, French and non-official language	6,550	2,955	3,595	470	230	245
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	6,187,365	3,007,260	3,180,105	1,261,620	624,100	637,520
Single responses	5,618,495	2,733,315	2,885,175	1,197,145	593,020	604,120
Official languages	4,151,660	2,039,295	2,112,370	1,052,345	521,280	531,065
English	4,119,700	2,024,485	2,095,215	1,035,475	513,465	522,010
French	31,965	14,810	17,155	16,865	7,815	9,055
Non-official languages	1,466,830	694,025	772,810	144,800	71,740	73,060
Aboriginal languages	160	85	80	15,770	8,020	7,750
Algonquian languages	75	40	40	15,070	7,675	7,390
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	25	15	10	7,570	3,860	3,715
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	10	5	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	10	5	5
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	5	5	0	120	45	75
Woods Cree	5	0	0	15	10	5
Cree, n.o.s.	15	5	5	7,415	3,790	3,620
Eastern Algonquian languages	5	5	5	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	5	5	5	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	45	25	25	7,495	3,820	3,675
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	35	20	15	2,505	1,280	1,225
Oji-Cree	5	5	5	4,990	2,545	2,455
Ottawa (Odawa)	5	5	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	15	5	5	635	305	330
Northern Athabaskan languages	10	5	5	635	305	330
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	5	630	305	330
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	5	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	5	5	0	0	0
Haida	0	5	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	10	5	5	15	5	10
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	10	10	5	10	5	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5
Iroquoian languages	5	0	5	5	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	5	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	5
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	10	5	10
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	5	5	0	35	25	10
Dakota	0	5	0	35	25	10
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	50	25	25	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	1,466,670	693,945	772,730	129,035	63,725	65,310
Afro-Asiatic languages	74,640	35,765	38,875	6,875	3,475	3,400
Berber languages	65	30	30	20	15	5
Kabyle	35	20	15	15	10	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	30	20	15	0	5	5
Cushitic languages	8,410	3,545	4,865	1,185	550	630
Bilen	40	15	25	120	65	55
Oromo	555	255	295	210	95	115
Somali	7,785	3,255	4,530	845	385	460
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	35	15	20	5	10	0
Semitic languages	65,980	32,100	33,880	5,650	2,895	2,750
Amharic	3,830	1,690	2,145	1,045	520	525
Arabic	45,655	22,470	23,185	3,105	1,600	1,505
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	6,645	3,190	3,460	5	0	5
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	1,075	525	550	0	0	0
Harari	525	240	285	0	0	0
Hebrew	4,385	2,260	2,125	355	195	160
Maltese	915	420	495	10	5	5
Tigrigna	2,480	1,090	1,395	1,135	580	555
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	470	220	245	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	180	85	95	25	15	10
Austro-Asiatic languages	33,420	15,240	18,185	2,900	1,370	1,530
Khmer (Cambodian)	1,615	700	915	125	55	70
Vietnamese	31,775	14,525	17,250	2,775	1,315	1,460
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	30	15	20	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	73,035	31,170	41,860	27,215	13,065	14,155
Bikol	85	35	50	30	15	15
Cebuano	1,895	820	1,080	495	250	245
Fijian	10	5	5	15	5	10
Hiligaynon	780	335	450	125	55	75
Ilocano	3,440	1,475	1,965	390	190	200
Malagasy	15	10	10	0	0	0
Malay	1,465	705	755	55	25	30
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	405	180	225	245	120	130
Pangasinan	75	35	40	30	15	15
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	64,495	27,405	37,090	25,790	12,375	13,420
Waray-Waray	75	30	50	10	5	5
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	285	130	150	30	15	15
Creole languages	2,900	1,340	1,565	290	120	165
Haitian Creole	130	60	65	10	5	5
Creole, n.o.s.	1,970	910	1,060	165	75	85
Creole languages, n.i.e.	800	365	430	115	45	75
Dravidian languages	89,300	43,085	46,215	800	400	400
Kannada	830	420	415	45	25	25
Malayalam	6,530	3,335	3,190	405	195	205
Tamil	76,905	36,645	40,260	240	120	120
Telugu	4,935	2,640	2,295	110	60	50
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	95	40	55	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	5	5	5	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	730,175	350,535	379,640	70,820	35,325	35,495
Albanian	6,395	3,200	3,190	155	80	75
Armenian	7,505	3,550	3,965	20	10	5
Balto-Slavic languages	136,810	63,965	72,845	11,685	5,670	6,015
Baltic languages	1,645	685	960	25	10	15
Latvian	595	240	355	15	5	5
Lithuanian	1,045	445	605	10	5	5
Slavic languages	135,170	63,280	71,885	11,660	5,660	6,000
Belarusan	120	60	65	0	5	0
Bosnian	1,330	645	690	285	145	140
Bulgarian	3,895	1,900	1,995	65	30	30
Croatian	6,015	2,880	3,135	320	145	180
Czech	1,435	695	740	115	55	60
Macedonian	5,140	2,435	2,710	85	35	45
Polish	34,330	16,005	18,325	2,010	910	1,105
Russian	53,515	24,855	28,660	5,530	2,780	2,745
Serbian	12,385	6,000	6,390	335	170	170
Serbo-Croatian	960	450	510	90	40	50
Slovak	2,300	1,120	1,185	70	35	35
Slovene (Slovenian)	920	395	515	55	20	30
Ukrainian	12,680	5,785	6,895	2,690	1,285	1,405
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	145	60	85	10	5	5
Celtic languages	65	35	30	20	15	10
Scottish Gaelic	30	15	10	5	5	0
Welsh	15	10	10	10	5	5
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	0	0	0
Germanic languages	5,550	2,520	3,030	25,825	12,700	13,125
Afrikaans	295	140	155	200	100	100
Danish	135	65	75	10	5	5
Dutch	730	330	400	270	135	130
Frisian	10	5	5	10	5	5
German	3,710	1,665	2,040	24,795	12,185	12,615
Icelandic	25	10	15	35	15	20
Norwegian	45	20	25	10	5	5
Swedish	220	100	125	10	5	5
Vlaams (Flemish)	25	15	15	15	5	10
Yiddish	355	180	180	10	5	5
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	465	240	225
Greek	17,225	8,040	9,180	535	255	280
Indo-Iranian languages	370,650	183,405	187,250	22,810	11,920	10,890
Indo-Aryan languages	295,325	146,735	148,585	21,010	11,055	9,950
Bengali	24,870	12,265	12,600	690	390	305
Gujarati	38,595	18,905	19,690	2,100	1,095	1,005
Hindi	24,215	12,030	12,185	1,335	715	620
Kashmiri	50	25	25	0	0	0
Konkani	445	210	235	10	5	5
Marathi	2,040	1,050	990	40	25	20
Nepali	3,095	1,565	1,530	540	265	280
Oriya (Odia)	275	140	140	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	116,115	58,385	57,725	14,000	7,330	6,670
Sindhi	2,510	1,150	1,365	30	10	15
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	3,620	1,770	1,850	360	190	170
Urdu	79,500	39,245	40,255	1,895	1,035	860
Iranian languages	74,555	36,270	38,280	1,755	835	920
Kurdish	1,480	805	675	275	135	140
Pashto	4,930	2,480	2,455	165	70	95
Persian (Farsi)	68,140	32,995	35,145	1,315	635	685
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	775	400	380	50	25	20
Italic (Romance) languages	185,970	85,810	100,155	9,765	4,670	5,090
Catalan	80	40	45	0	0	0
Italian	52,280	22,440	29,840	1,035	450	590
Portuguese	49,840	23,870	25,970	2,800	1,305	1,500
Romanian	12,410	5,760	6,650	235	110	125
Spanish	71,290	33,675	37,615	5,695	2,810	2,885
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	65	30	35	0	0	0
Japanese	4,590	1,965	2,625	175	75	105
Kartvelian languages	745	405	340	10	5	0
Georgian	745	405	335	10	5	5
Korean	38,610	18,045	20,565	2,915	1,430	1,490
Mongolic languages	205	105	105	5	0	5
Mongolian	205	105	100	5	5	5
Niger-Congo languages	9,050	4,035	5,010	1,410	695	720
Akan (Twi)	4,065	1,760	2,305	45	30	20
Bamanankan	15	5	10	15	5	5
Edo	290	115	175	5	5	0
Ewe	95	40	55	5	5	5
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	80	35	45	35	15	15
Ga	145	65	85	5	0	0
Ganda	155	65	85	5	0	0
Igbo	420	210	215	75	40	35
Lingala	105	45	60	40	20	20
Rundi (Kirundi)	135	65	75	65	35	35
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	125	55	70	105	55	50
Shona	240	115	125	10	5	10
Swahili	1,245	550	695	500	240	265
Wolof	75	45	30	25	20	10
Yoruba	1,095	525	565	345	175	170
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	755	340	415	125	50	75
Nilo-Saharan languages	90	45	45	130	60	70
Dinka	10	10	5	80	35	45
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	75	35	35	55	30	25
Sign languages	2,050	1,170	875	560	310	255
American Sign Language	770	395	370	255	135	120
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	1,280	770	510	305	170	135
Sino-Tibetan languages	387,190	181,130	206,065	13,910	6,920	6,985
Chinese languages	382,595	178,860	203,730	13,445	6,685	6,765
Cantonese	183,450	84,365	99,085	4,455	2,105	2,350
Hakka	2,735	1,245	1,490	25	10	15
Mandarin	180,885	86,115	94,770	8,080	4,105	3,975
Min Dong	245	105	135	5	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5,075	2,320	2,755	135	65	70
Wu (Shanghainese)	3,150	1,480	1,670	65	30	35
Chinese, n.o.s.	6,975	3,195	3,775	675	365	315
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	85	40	45	5	5	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	4,600	2,270	2,330	465	235	225
Burmese	570	265	305	55	30	25
Karenic languages	210	105	105	370	190	180
Tibetan	3,715	1,845	1,865	5	0	5
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	100	55	50	40	15	20
Tai-Kadai languages	1,670	785	885	535	250	280
Lao	1,015	490	520	430	210	220
Thai	650	285	360	105	40	65
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	10	0	5	0	0	0
Turkic languages	9,515	4,770	4,755	135	70	65
Azerbaijani	645	325	320	10	5	10
Turkish	8,175	4,080	4,095	65	35	35
Uyghur	230	125	110	0	0	0
Uzbek	315	165	145	35	20	15
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	155	70	75	25	10	15
Uralic languages	9,160	4,195	4,965	305	140	165
Estonian	650	240	415	0	0	0
Finnish	480	210	270	35	15	15
Hungarian	8,025	3,745	4,285	270	125	145
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	320	165	155	40	25	20
Multiple responses	568,870	273,940	294,930	64,475	31,080	33,400
English and French	13,745	6,285	7,455	3,090	1,440	1,645
English and non-official language	541,750	261,790	279,965	60,090	28,995	31,090
French and non-official language	2,440	1,080	1,365	415	215	205
English, French and non-official language	10,935	4,790	6,145	885	420	455
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	6,187,365	3,007,260	3,180,105	1,261,615	624,095	637,520
None	4,771,940	2,328,490	2,443,445	1,079,050	535,990	543,065
English	601,065	294,730	306,335	76,350	37,795	38,550
French	56,935	24,605	32,330	20,200	9,130	11,075
Non-official language	730,875	347,040	383,835	83,315	39,860	43,455
Aboriginal	525	230	295	16,105	7,590	8,515
Non-Aboriginal	730,350	346,810	383,540	67,215	32,275	34,940
English and French	4,090	1,880	2,210	305	150	150
English and non-official language	13,645	6,675	6,970	1,610	815	790
French and non-official language	8,565	3,725	4,840	770	345	420
English, French and non-official language	255	115	140	20	5	10
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	5,127,565	2,465,145	2,662,420	1,001,305	491,590	509,715
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	4,867,890	2,341,390	2,526,495	954,035	467,790	486,250
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	32,001	37,081	28,205	34,188	40,379	29,220
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	4,868,795	2,341,595	2,527,200	954,205	467,820	486,390
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	29,479	33,581	26,332	30,465	35,150	26,561
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	4,296,980	2,116,635	2,180,340	859,545	431,145	428,400
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	32,895	38,686	28,032	32,592	39,229	26,692
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	3,492,795	1,537,600	1,955,195	701,840	309,530	392,310
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	2,321	1,060	3,854	4,268	1,890	5,434
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	3,634,695	1,844,230	1,790,465	722,785	374,850	347,935
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	34,913	39,713	30,749	33,677	39,365	28,679
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	5,127,565	2,465,135	2,662,435	1,001,305	491,580	509,725
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	4,867,905	2,341,125	2,526,780	953,960	467,575	486,385
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	50,416	60,259	41,296	43,767	51,068	36,747
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	4,868,800	2,341,350	2,527,445	954,175	467,605	486,565
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	40,559	47,030	34,565	35,957	41,013	31,097
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	4,296,625	2,116,255	2,180,375	859,575	431,035	428,540
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	51,882	62,603	41,477	42,776	50,803	34,704
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	3,492,260	1,537,245	1,955,015	701,830	308,940	392,890
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	6,443	5,589	7,115	7,099	6,411	7,640
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	3,634,695	1,844,350	1,790,350	722,785	374,535	348,250
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	51,594	60,847	42,063	42,551	49,417	35,168
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	5,127,565	2,465,135	2,662,435	1,001,310	491,580	509,725
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	1,732,445	956,920	775,520	350,580	201,335	149,245
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	56,715	61,339	52,017	50,026	54,580	44,818
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	74,525	83,831	63,041	59,523	65,410	51,581
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	90.8	93.8	86.7	88.0	91.7	83.1
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	76.3	79.5	72.1	73.6	77.4	68.6
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	9.2	6.2	13.3	12.0	8.3	16.9
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	5,127,570	2,465,145	2,662,420	1,001,310	491,585	509,720
Without total income	259,680	123,755	135,925	47,270	23,800	23,470
With total income	4,867,890	2,341,390	2,526,500	954,040	467,790	486,245
Percentage with total income	94.9	95.0	94.9	95.3	95.2	95.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	850,760	383,365	467,395	137,700	62,550	75,150
$10,000 to $19,999	860,845	362,785	498,065	150,320	58,320	91,995
$20,000 to $29,999	616,775	265,280	351,495	136,510	54,950	81,560
$30,000 to $39,999	488,220	220,375	267,845	123,685	55,805	67,885
$40,000 to $49,999	431,695	200,935	230,760	109,710	54,650	55,060
$50,000 to $59,999	344,940	168,770	176,175	80,625	45,170	35,460
$60,000 to $69,999	273,180	142,460	130,720	58,785	35,250	23,535
$70,000 to $79,999	215,270	117,935	97,330	43,365	26,465	16,895
$80,000 to $89,999	172,035	96,395	75,645	34,000	20,100	13,905
$90,000 to $99,999	146,455	78,960	67,490	21,980	13,545	8,440
$100,000 and over	467,725	304,140	163,580	57,355	40,985	16,370
$100,000 to $149,999	289,295	179,660	109,635	40,870	28,585	12,285
$150,000 and over	178,430	124,485	53,945	16,490	12,395	4,090
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	5,127,565	2,465,145	2,662,420	1,001,305	491,585	509,720
Without after-tax income	258,770	123,550	135,220	47,100	23,770	23,330
With after-tax income	4,868,795	2,341,595	2,527,200	954,205	467,820	486,390
Percentage with after-tax income	95.0	95.0	94.9	95.3	95.2	95.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	865,940	388,325	477,615	142,035	63,525	78,510
$10,000 to $19,999	894,920	378,810	516,110	161,865	63,410	98,460
$20,000 to $29,999	705,330	306,720	398,610	165,880	68,985	96,895
$30,000 to $39,999	583,650	268,290	315,355	153,680	73,335	80,350
$40,000 to $49,999	500,340	240,710	259,635	116,415	63,755	52,660
$50,000 to $59,999	369,040	191,325	177,715	78,105	46,940	31,160
$60,000 to $69,999	271,845	150,780	121,060	53,870	32,165	21,705
$70,000 to $79,999	210,910	116,515	94,400	31,690	19,680	12,010
$80,000 and over	466,820	300,120	166,700	50,655	36,025	14,630
$80,000 to $89,999	140,730	81,340	59,390	18,025	12,260	5,760
$90,000 to $99,999	84,200	53,210	30,995	10,325	7,305	3,015
$100,000 and over	241,885	165,575	76,315	22,305	16,460	5,850
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	5,127,570	2,465,145	2,662,420	1,001,305	491,590	509,720
Without employment income	1,492,870	620,915	871,955	278,525	116,740	161,775
With employment income	3,634,695	1,844,230	1,790,470	722,785	374,845	347,940
Percentage with employment income	70.9	74.8	67.2	72.2	76.3	68.3
Under $5,000 (including loss)	462,940	219,525	243,425	90,045	42,675	47,375
$5,000 to $9,999	299,400	134,955	164,445	54,560	23,875	30,690
$10,000 to $19,999	491,370	230,165	261,200	94,460	41,920	52,535
$20,000 to $29,999	387,370	177,760	209,610	89,540	39,650	49,895
$30,000 to $39,999	352,280	164,255	188,025	88,340	41,905	46,440
$40,000 to $49,999	325,475	154,225	171,250	77,755	40,205	37,550
$50,000 to $59,999	269,240	136,390	132,855	58,900	34,355	24,550
$60,000 to $69,999	217,295	116,415	100,880	44,085	27,115	16,970
$70,000 to $79,999	175,750	99,220	76,530	34,450	21,375	13,075
$80,000 and over	653,575	411,325	242,255	90,650	61,780	28,865
$80,000 to $89,999	145,105	83,190	61,915	28,365	16,860	11,505
$90,000 to $99,999	129,705	69,990	59,715	17,635	11,355	6,275
$100,000 and over	378,765	258,145	120,620	44,650	33,560	11,095
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	2,249,705	...	...	489,050	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	78,676	...	...	68,147	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	68,856	...	...	59,093	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	545,135	...	...	135,495	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	39,604	...	...	35,846	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	35,320	...	...	31,538	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	1,704,565	...	...	353,550	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	94,776	...	...	84,532	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	82,773	...	...	72,688	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	2,249,705	...	...	489,050	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	109,090	...	...	85,373	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	87,778	...	...	70,154	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	545,245	...	...	135,440	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	55,558	...	...	44,208	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	44,604	...	...	36,503	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	1,704,460	...	...	353,605	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	126,214	...	...	101,140	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	101,589	...	...	83,044	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	2,249,700	...	...	489,050	...	...
Under $5,000	48,180	...	...	9,250	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	33,265	...	...	8,175	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	53,350	...	...	11,450	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	78,785	...	...	18,260	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	76,775	...	...	21,395	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	78,400	...	...	19,035	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	80,655	...	...	21,090	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	82,555	...	...	21,745	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	82,940	...	...	21,605	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	81,385	...	...	21,225	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	158,445	...	...	40,240	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	149,175	...	...	37,910	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	138,685	...	...	34,275	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	129,205	...	...	31,555	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	119,740	...	...	27,215	...	...
$100,000 and over	858,155	...	...	144,620	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	242,750	...	...	52,495	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	178,170	...	...	34,595	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	213,020	...	...	34,670	...	...
$200,000 and over	224,220	...	...	22,865	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	2,249,700	...	...	489,050	...	...
Under $5,000	51,015	...	...	9,725	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	33,655	...	...	8,315	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	54,235	...	...	11,860	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	81,805	...	...	19,325	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	84,245	...	...	24,370	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	86,510	...	...	22,665	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	91,825	...	...	25,915	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	97,495	...	...	26,725	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	100,145	...	...	25,965	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	98,460	...	...	25,290	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	189,855	...	...	48,610	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	174,620	...	...	44,280	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	161,990	...	...	38,890	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	145,090	...	...	32,370	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	125,425	...	...	26,890	...	...
$100,000 and over	673,335	...	...	97,850	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	243,325	...	...	46,355	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	159,030	...	...	24,795	...	...
$150,000 and over	270,985	...	...	26,705	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	1,643,655	...	...	341,205	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	94,466	...	...	84,441	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	82,425	...	...	72,563	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.3	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	450,490	...	...	127,580	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	85,144	...	...	79,103	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	73,859	...	...	67,596	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	864,260	...	...	150,585	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	114,898	...	...	104,902	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	99,263	...	...	89,307	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	4.1	...	...	4.2	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	272,855	...	...	52,215	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	57,244	...	...	49,922	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	52,793	...	...	46,048	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	1,642,870	...	...	341,235	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	126,678	...	...	101,410	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	101,694	...	...	83,132	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	450,560	...	...	127,710	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	119,383	...	...	95,583	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	93,957	...	...	77,743	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	864,735	...	...	150,695	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	148,707	...	...	122,176	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	118,866	...	...	99,399	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	271,225	...	...	52,130	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	73,407	...	...	60,006	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	62,688	...	...	52,307	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	781,470	369,605	411,865	175,270	86,935	88,335
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	32,763	33,916	31,879	32,927	35,568	30,818
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	29,985	30,740	29,410	29,429	31,130	28,062
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	779,995	368,475	411,515	174,945	86,380	88,565
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	47,828	50,519	45,418	40,853	43,332	38,434
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	38,980	40,370	37,735	33,961	35,291	32,663
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	6,165,600	2,997,950	3,167,650	1,240,700	614,440	626,260
In the bottom half of the distribution	2,938,540	1,397,320	1,541,230	687,930	332,640	355,290
In the bottom decile	676,120	326,535	349,585	151,750	74,825	76,930
In the second decile	606,155	279,150	327,015	135,485	62,035	73,450
In the third decile	563,160	265,280	297,885	135,395	64,805	70,590
In the fourth decile	544,890	260,960	283,930	132,755	65,185	67,575
In the fifth decile	548,220	265,400	282,820	132,540	65,790	66,750
In the top half of the distribution	3,227,055	1,600,635	1,626,425	552,770	281,805	270,965
In the sixth decile	559,915	272,570	287,340	127,575	64,305	63,265
In the seventh decile	580,740	284,615	296,120	123,505	62,770	60,735
In the eighth decile	617,835	305,590	312,245	116,805	59,460	57,350
In the ninth decile	680,510	338,890	341,620	104,820	53,835	50,980
In the top decile	788,065	398,970	389,095	80,070	41,435	38,640
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	6,165,205	2,997,755	3,167,450	1,175,720	581,585	594,135
0 to 17 years	1,261,825	647,850	613,975	260,905	134,075	126,830
0 to 5 years	394,455	202,140	192,310	85,935	44,240	41,695
18 to 64 years	4,043,815	1,960,900	2,082,915	737,035	365,965	371,070
65 years and over	859,570	389,005	470,560	177,780	81,540	96,235
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	945,120	445,130	499,985	180,880	85,185	95,690
0 to 17 years	244,610	126,045	118,565	57,185	29,390	27,790
0 to 5 years	79,010	40,625	38,385	21,325	10,970	10,355
18 to 64 years	584,600	273,440	311,160	98,920	46,630	52,285
65 years and over	115,905	45,645	70,260	24,785	9,165	15,615
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	15.3	14.8	15.8	15.4	14.6	16.1
0 to 17 years (%)	19.4	19.5	19.3	21.9	21.9	21.9
0 to 5 years (%)	20.0	20.1	20.0	24.8	24.8	24.8
18 to 64 years (%)	14.5	13.9	14.9	13.4	12.7	14.1
65 years and over (%)	13.5	11.7	14.9	13.9	11.2	16.2
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	769,025	368,690	400,335	115,965	56,255	59,705
0 to 17 years	183,495	94,555	88,945	33,260	17,040	16,220
0 to 5 years	59,780	30,725	29,060	12,310	6,325	5,985
18 to 64 years	512,610	246,395	266,210	73,655	35,895	37,760
65 years and over	72,915	27,740	45,175	9,045	3,325	5,725
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	12.5	12.3	12.6	9.9	9.7	10.0
0 to 17 years (%)	14.5	14.6	14.5	12.7	12.7	12.8
0 to 5 years (%)	15.2	15.2	15.1	14.3	14.3	14.4
18 to 64 years (%)	12.7	12.6	12.8	10.0	9.8	10.2
65 years and over (%)	8.5	7.1	9.6	5.1	4.1	5.9
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	6,165,600	2,997,985	3,167,615	1,240,700	614,440	626,260
Official languages	5,906,410	2,895,015	3,011,395	1,224,985	607,375	617,605
English	5,901,645	2,893,055	3,008,590	1,223,665	606,760	616,905
French	490,680	211,075	279,605	108,560	49,435	59,130
Non-official languages	3,153,820	1,503,675	1,650,150	340,250	165,150	175,100
Aboriginal languages	1,195	490	710	40,465	19,410	21,050
Algonquian languages	995	410	585	38,305	18,375	19,930
Blackfoot	10	10	0	10	0	10
Cree-Montagnais languages	225	100	130	20,975	10,025	10,955
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	10
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	10	0	10	85	25	55
Plains Cree	55	30	25	190	90	100
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	45	15	30	1,140	505	640
Woods Cree	20	15	0	130	65	65
Cree, n.o.s.	100	45	60	19,435	9,340	10,095
Eastern Algonquian languages	45	20	25	10	10	0
Malecite	0	0	0	10	10	0
Mi'kmaq	45	20	25	10	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	725	285	435	17,710	8,520	9,185
Algonquin	15	0	10	10	0	0
Ojibway	690	280	415	9,685	4,560	5,125
Oji-Cree	0	0	10	8,045	3,975	4,070
Ottawa (Odawa)	15	10	10	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	20	10	10	1,120	525	595
Northern Athabaskan languages	15	0	15	1,110	520	590
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	15	0	10	1,110	520	595
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	10	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	30	10	20	110	55	55
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	10	10	0
Inuktitut	20	10	15	80	35	45
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	20	15	10
Iroquoian languages	85	40	50	15	10	10
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	70	30	40	15	10	10
Oneida	10	0	10	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	10
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	20	10	10	210	115	95
Salish languages	10	0	0	0	0	10
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	10	0	10
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	10	0	10	760	365	395
Dakota	10	0	0	760	360	400
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	10	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	10	0	0	10	0	10
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	10	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	10	0	10
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	30	15	15	35	15	20
Non-Aboriginal languages	3,152,680	1,503,210	1,649,475	299,900	145,795	154,110
Afro-Asiatic languages	213,065	107,025	106,040	15,730	8,320	7,410
Berber languages	245	135	110	85	50	40
Kabyle	75	40	40	45	25	20
Berber languages, n.i.e.	175	95	80	50	35	10
Cushitic languages	20,520	8,955	11,565	2,300	1,195	1,105
Bilen	85	50	35	210	120	85
Oromo	1,395	600	800	535	275	260
Somali	19,030	8,280	10,750	1,550	790	760
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	85	30	50	15	15	10
Semitic languages	193,560	98,565	94,995	13,685	7,300	6,390
Amharic	11,485	5,350	6,135	2,475	1,370	1,105
Arabic	127,595	65,960	61,625	6,650	3,590	3,055
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	12,225	5,975	6,255	15	0	10
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	2,180	1,085	1,090	10	0	0
Harari	1,270	640	635	0	10	0
Hebrew	38,340	19,560	18,780	3,370	1,735	1,635
Maltese	4,865	2,365	2,500	65	30	35
Tigrigna	5,975	2,790	3,180	2,225	1,175	1,050
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	1,130	555	575	15	10	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	740	340	405	155	80	80
Austro-Asiatic languages	66,875	30,690	36,185	5,230	2,545	2,685
Khmer (Cambodian)	4,165	1,835	2,330	335	185	150
Vietnamese	62,985	29,005	33,985	4,905	2,370	2,535
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	40	10	35	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	208,410	83,040	125,370	65,305	30,220	35,090
Bikol	585	260	330	225	100	125
Cebuano	7,515	3,035	4,485	1,615	805	810
Fijian	50	20	30	65	35	30
Hiligaynon	2,550	1,010	1,530	425	180	245
Ilocano	12,800	5,040	7,765	1,875	880	990
Malagasy	90	45	45	0	0	0
Malay	7,440	3,410	4,030	375	180	195
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	1,650	740	910	945	415	530
Pangasinan	450	200	255	205	100	110
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	195,790	77,565	118,225	64,165	29,640	34,520
Waray-Waray	315	100	220	115	55	55
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	1,305	545	765	200	80	120
Creole languages	17,315	7,775	9,535	1,310	605	705
Haitian Creole	690	305	385	25	10	15
Creole, n.o.s.	9,350	4,200	5,150	635	310	315
Creole languages, n.i.e.	7,430	3,325	4,100	680	305	375
Dravidian languages	178,705	88,885	89,815	1,840	945	895
Kannada	4,525	2,280	2,245	175	95	80
Malayalam	17,550	8,910	8,640	830	400	430
Tamil	147,970	72,895	75,075	655	330	325
Telugu	13,780	7,530	6,255	255	150	110
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	435	230	210	15	10	10
Hmong-Mien languages	25	10	15	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	1,793,870	873,140	920,730	175,950	86,435	89,510
Albanian	15,415	7,700	7,710	390	195	195
Armenian	15,310	7,310	7,995	65	50	15
Balto-Slavic languages	307,305	143,315	163,990	39,530	18,780	20,745
Baltic languages	6,420	2,625	3,790	230	90	140
Latvian	2,670	1,135	1,535	115	45	70
Lithuanian	3,750	1,495	2,260	120	50	65
Slavic languages	302,600	141,410	161,190	39,360	18,720	20,640
Belarusan	955	505	450	65	25	45
Bosnian	4,420	2,145	2,275	835	405	430
Bulgarian	8,080	3,960	4,120	155	95	60
Croatian	24,285	11,845	12,440	1,595	765	825
Czech	6,510	3,095	3,415	735	335	395
Macedonian	17,550	8,435	9,115	140	75	60
Polish	86,300	39,470	46,830	7,655	3,625	4,035
Russian	111,515	51,750	59,760	13,455	6,715	6,740
Serbian	28,010	13,900	14,115	870	470	400
Serbo-Croatian	2,910	1,415	1,500	190	75	115
Slovak	6,205	2,860	3,350	480	215	260
Slovene (Slovenian)	4,610	2,065	2,540	275	100	175
Ukrainian	39,275	17,675	21,605	17,095	7,795	9,305
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	680	390	290	70	35	30
Celtic languages	2,040	1,045	995	225	125	100
Scottish Gaelic	720	365	350	90	65	25
Welsh	260	115	140	90	45	45
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	1,065	570	500	45	15	25
Germanic languages	84,965	40,310	44,655	68,285	33,250	35,035
Afrikaans	4,450	2,170	2,285	715	330	385
Danish	2,200	985	1,210	270	120	150
Dutch	13,180	6,145	7,030	3,120	1,555	1,565
Frisian	265	115	150	90	65	30
German	57,165	27,260	29,905	61,760	30,170	31,600
Icelandic	150	55	85	560	225	335
Norwegian	1,005	490	515	290	115	175
Swedish	2,620	1,200	1,420	270	125	150
Vlaams (Flemish)	290	115	170	270	120	155
Yiddish	6,530	3,210	3,320	545	235	315
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	95	40	50	2,490	1,285	1,205
Greek	61,935	30,450	31,485	2,010	1,015	1,000
Indo-Iranian languages	773,455	390,400	383,055	38,760	20,480	18,280
Indo-Aryan languages	646,525	326,940	319,590	35,830	18,990	16,835
Bengali	49,050	24,905	24,145	1,520	885	635
Gujarati	88,455	44,230	44,225	3,905	2,065	1,840
Hindi	209,850	106,625	103,225	12,900	6,900	6,000
Kashmiri	495	255	240	20	15	10
Konkani	5,055	2,305	2,755	40	30	10
Marathi	8,725	4,505	4,220	275	170	105
Nepali	6,415	3,170	3,245	600	285	315
Oriya (Odia)	930	440	485	15	10	10
Punjabi (Panjabi)	244,900	125,760	119,140	22,900	12,035	10,865
Sindhi	9,805	4,605	5,200	150	85	65
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	15,530	7,770	7,765	920	500	420
Urdu	197,805	100,140	97,675	4,600	2,540	2,060
Iranian languages	132,425	66,075	66,345	3,035	1,525	1,515
Kurdish	3,875	2,205	1,675	600	295	305
Pashto	11,515	6,115	5,400	290	135	150
Persian (Farsi)	121,440	60,310	61,130	2,295	1,175	1,120
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	3,600	1,950	1,650	230	125	105
Italic (Romance) languages	572,510	271,405	301,105	34,360	16,630	17,735
Catalan	320	165	150	15	10	10
Italian	222,755	106,620	116,135	5,350	2,610	2,735
Portuguese	133,265	64,015	69,245	8,460	4,125	4,335
Romanian	30,360	14,060	16,295	785	395	390
Spanish	209,375	97,670	111,705	20,605	9,910	10,695
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	670	335	340	60	45	15
Japanese	17,650	7,610	10,040	1,160	550	605
Kartvelian languages	1,465	740	725	10	0	15
Georgian	1,465	740	720	15	0	15
Korean	62,730	29,345	33,380	4,240	2,100	2,145
Mongolic languages	440	185	255	55	20	35
Mongolian	440	190	255	55	20	30
Niger-Congo languages	48,715	23,215	25,500	7,970	4,125	3,845
Akan (Twi)	13,850	6,425	7,425	260	165	95
Bamanankan	220	120	100	160	95	65
Edo	1,915	835	1,080	95	60	30
Ewe	525	270	255	50	30	20
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	480	240	240	50	25	25
Ga	1,025	495	530	30	10	15
Ganda	860	415	450	230	110	120
Igbo	2,995	1,480	1,510	665	345	325
Lingala	2,205	975	1,235	655	315	345
Rundi (Kirundi)	590	275	320	205	105	105
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	750	325	425	305	155	155
Shona	1,220	540	680	250	110	140
Swahili	10,525	5,210	5,315	1,930	1,020	905
Wolof	425	185	235	150	85	70
Yoruba	8,105	4,055	4,055	2,630	1,330	1,295
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	6,620	3,065	3,545	1,440	765	680
Nilo-Saharan languages	510	295	215	410	225	185
Dinka	85	60	20	180	105	75
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	425	230	195	225	120	105
Sign languages	6,575	2,755	3,820	2,670	985	1,685
American Sign Language	3,895	1,435	2,460	1,710	625	1,090
Quebec Sign Language	15	0	10	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	2,775	1,365	1,405	975	365	610
Sino-Tibetan languages	584,845	274,435	310,410	21,130	10,490	10,650
Chinese languages	577,725	270,930	306,800	20,475	10,185	10,285
Cantonese	308,185	143,230	164,955	8,310	3,920	4,390
Hakka	7,205	3,155	4,045	50	30	20
Mandarin	315,835	146,905	168,925	12,825	6,460	6,365
Min Dong	710	290	425	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	14,050	6,310	7,740	480	230	250
Wu (Shanghainese)	6,965	3,245	3,720	185	95	85
Chinese, n.o.s.	11,660	5,290	6,365	1,115	600	510
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	135	75	60	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	7,505	3,715	3,785	675	310	370
Burmese	1,340	610	730	185	115	70
Karenic languages	245	110	135	465	200	265
Tibetan	5,490	2,740	2,750	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	505	295	215	145	60	80
Tai-Kadai languages	5,090	2,210	2,885	1,565	730	835
Lao	2,825	1,335	1,485	1,120	520	600
Thai	2,555	995	1,555	575	270	305
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	30	10	20	10	10	0
Turkic languages	24,805	12,900	11,900	510	250	265
Azerbaijani	2,665	1,355	1,310	50	25	30
Turkish	20,855	10,895	9,960	365	180	185
Uyghur	490	230	260	30	15	10
Uzbek	815	440	375	40	20	15
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	560	270	295	45	15	30
Uralic languages	28,445	12,950	15,495	1,550	730	815
Estonian	3,045	1,335	1,710	45	20	25
Finnish	2,850	1,230	1,620	265	105	160
Hungarian	22,615	10,395	12,215	1,235	600	635
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	2,355	1,220	1,130	445	290	150
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	6,165,600	2,997,985	3,167,615	1,240,700	614,440	626,260
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	5,427,650	2,647,135	2,780,520	1,133,080	560,165	572,920
Canadian citizens aged under 18	1,168,090	599,370	568,720	266,225	136,640	129,585
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	4,259,560	2,047,765	2,211,795	866,855	423,520	443,335
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	737,950	350,855	387,095	107,620	54,280	53,340
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	6,165,600	2,997,985	3,167,610	1,240,700	614,445	626,255
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	3,270,330	1,634,580	1,635,755	996,860	494,285	502,570
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	2,756,645	1,294,280	1,462,365	227,465	111,095	116,365
Before 1981	634,265	295,550	338,710	50,025	23,340	26,680
1981 to 1990	377,295	180,415	196,875	20,205	10,190	10,010
1991 to 2000	647,110	302,230	344,880	23,040	11,165	11,875
2001 to 2010	737,850	345,745	392,105	70,985	35,305	35,680
2001 to 2005	384,620	181,205	203,415	22,570	11,195	11,370
2006 to 2010	353,235	164,540	188,695	48,415	24,110	24,305
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	360,130	170,340	189,790	63,210	31,095	32,120
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	138,625	69,130	69,500	16,375	9,055	7,320
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	2,756,650	1,294,285	1,462,365	227,470	111,100	116,370
Under 5 years	231,670	115,375	116,290	25,595	12,975	12,625
5 to 14 years	461,170	232,220	228,950	45,570	23,305	22,265
15 to 24 years	600,970	266,960	334,005	44,585	20,820	23,770
25 to 44 years	1,172,935	550,180	622,750	93,700	45,160	48,540
45 years and over	289,905	129,540	160,365	18,010	8,845	9,170
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	2,756,645	1,294,280	1,462,365	227,465	111,095	116,365
Americas	423,325	187,835	235,490	31,980	15,285	16,700
Brazil	10,790	5,005	5,785	435	170	265
Colombia	17,430	7,990	9,440	1,050	510	545
El Salvador	11,190	5,575	5,610	2,480	1,325	1,155
Guyana	71,305	31,565	39,740	1,135	515	620
Haiti	2,715	1,280	1,435	155	75	80
Jamaica	103,900	43,615	60,285	1,810	835	970
Mexico	11,580	5,130	6,450	6,655	3,330	3,320
Peru	8,210	3,640	4,570	235	85	150
Trinidad and Tobago	45,025	19,965	25,060	1,505	785	720
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	48,625	22,570	26,050	7,100	3,100	4,000
Other places of birth in Americas	92,565	41,515	51,050	9,425	4,550	4,875
Europe	637,680	301,330	336,350	56,705	27,815	28,890
Bosnia and Herzegovina	9,835	4,890	4,945	1,055	530	525
Croatia	12,390	5,940	6,445	975	445	535
France	7,080	3,340	3,745	795	425	365
Germany	24,145	11,355	12,790	10,390	5,215	5,175
Greece	28,470	13,915	14,555	820	445	375
Hungary	12,310	5,625	6,685	815	435	375
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	8,670	4,195	4,480	650	310	340
Italy	104,795	51,175	53,625	2,755	1,405	1,350
Netherlands	8,945	4,365	4,580	2,250	1,185	1,060
Poland	59,130	26,505	32,625	5,280	2,455	2,820
Portugal	70,280	33,840	36,445	4,380	2,170	2,210
Romania	26,060	11,880	14,180	720	345	375
Russian Federation	34,575	14,940	19,635	4,245	2,035	2,210
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	13,395	6,500	6,895	355	175	175
Ukraine	32,310	14,790	17,520	4,765	2,250	2,515
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	109,500	52,190	57,315	11,665	5,655	6,015
Other places of birth in Europe	75,770	35,885	39,890	4,790	2,325	2,470
Africa	155,780	75,140	80,640	17,975	9,495	8,485
Algeria	1,250	650	600	115	60	55
Egypt	25,190	13,075	12,115	980	525	455
Ethiopia	10,950	5,000	5,945	2,525	1,360	1,165
Kenya	11,475	5,250	6,230	935	470	465
Morocco	3,545	1,745	1,795	250	140	110
Nigeria	16,770	8,310	8,460	3,820	2,070	1,750
Somalia	10,880	4,370	6,510	755	350	415
South Africa, Republic of	13,525	6,610	6,915	975	465	505
Other places of birth in Africa	62,195	30,125	32,065	7,630	4,055	3,570
Asia	1,532,405	726,320	806,075	120,230	58,215	62,015
Afghanistan	26,255	13,140	13,115	615	285	330
Bangladesh	32,785	16,525	16,265	880	475	400
China^{Census data footnote 59}	268,750	122,405	146,345	9,250	4,460	4,790
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	100,505	47,180	53,325	1,460	715	735
India	309,810	154,460	155,350	21,990	11,395	10,595
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	74,815	37,315	37,505	1,180	655	530
Iraq	29,080	14,555	14,525	860	460	400
Japan	5,935	1,910	4,030	225	70	150
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	46,045	21,475	24,570	2,880	1,415	1,470
Lebanon	13,865	7,450	6,415	265	165	100
Pakistan	121,215	61,240	59,970	3,125	1,675	1,450
Philippines	194,840	79,755	115,085	61,950	28,800	33,150
Sri Lanka	103,020	50,290	52,730	1,015	515	505
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	10,820	5,450	5,370	805	390	410
Taiwan	15,090	6,565	8,525	215	110	110
Viet Nam	59,405	26,825	32,580	4,225	2,035	2,185
Other places of birth in Asia	120,165	59,790	60,375	9,285	4,590	4,695
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	7,460	3,655	3,810	575	290	280
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	360,130	170,340	189,790	63,210	31,095	32,115
Americas	41,650	19,910	21,745	4,130	1,840	2,290
Brazil	2,590	1,220	1,375	100	35	65
Colombia	2,680	1,265	1,415	185	70	120
Cuba	1,225	550	680	75	25	55
Haiti	905	440	465	15	10	0
Jamaica	7,520	3,960	3,555	340	175	165
Mexico	3,065	1,455	1,615	875	415	465
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	8,300	4,180	4,115	970	445	525
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	1,900	885	1,015	75	30	40
Other places of birth in Americas	13,470	5,955	7,510	1,490	640	850
Europe	32,055	15,700	16,355	5,155	2,650	2,505
France	1,400	680	720	135	70	75
Germany	925	495	430	580	310	265
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	1,515	955	565	135	80	60
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	780	365	415	160	85	70
Romania	1,520	605	915	70	30	35
Russian Federation	3,930	1,430	2,505	1,145	530	610
Ukraine	3,665	1,690	1,980	1,320	670	650
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	4,155	2,475	1,675	550	290	265
Other places of birth in Europe	14,170	7,005	7,155	1,060	590	470
Africa	25,155	12,370	12,780	7,860	4,120	3,735
Algeria	205	90	110	20	10	10
Cameroon	815	355	455	65	45	20
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	590	265	325	740	360	380
Côte d'Ivoire	300	145	155	95	35	60
Egypt	6,100	3,165	2,935	415	220	190
Eritrea	1,060	525	540	795	430	360
Ethiopia	1,660	750	915	810	425	380
Morocco	365	140	225	70	30	35
Nigeria	4,885	2,390	2,500	2,630	1,415	1,215
Somalia	1,150	550	595	385	160	215
South Africa, Republic of	855	455	400	225	110	120
Tunisia	130	90	40	65	45	20
Other places of birth in Africa	7,040	3,445	3,600	1,555	820	735
Asia	259,925	121,565	138,365	45,915	22,395	23,520
Afghanistan	4,630	2,315	2,315	60	35	25
Bangladesh	6,910	3,420	3,485	360	195	170
China^{Census data footnote 59}	50,140	22,300	27,845	3,390	1,635	1,760
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	1,825	730	1,095	185	105	80
India	59,255	29,760	29,495	10,915	5,675	5,240
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	18,720	9,065	9,655	425	230	195
Iraq	8,270	4,115	4,155	330	175	155
Israel	1,630	855	775	595	340	260
Japan	985	265	720	45	25	25
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	4,910	2,225	2,680	1,300	665	640
Lebanon	1,440	780	665	140	100	35
Nepal	2,430	1,240	1,190	210	70	140
Pakistan	22,005	10,770	11,230	1,535	800	735
Philippines	43,850	18,045	25,800	22,885	10,645	12,245
Saudi Arabia	2,200	1,130	1,080	325	145	180
Sri Lanka	7,505	3,285	4,220	250	140	115
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	5,455	2,840	2,610	635	325	310
Taiwan	775	310	465	20	0	10
Turkey	2,060	1,150	905	40	30	10
United Arab Emirates	3,390	1,705	1,685	110	55	55
Viet Nam	2,670	1,045	1,625	495	220	275
Other places of birth in Asia	8,875	4,210	4,665	1,650	785	870
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	1,335	790	545	150	80	70
Australia	1,040	645	400	80	25	60
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	300	145	150	65	55	15
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	6,165,600	2,997,985	3,167,615	1,240,695	614,440	626,260
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	2,928,005	1,380,235	1,547,765	249,625	123,035	126,585
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	1,742,215	877,670	864,545	197,530	97,135	100,395
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	1,495,380	740,080	755,300	793,545	394,265	399,280
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	2,158,735	1,016,170	1,142,565	180,810	89,380	91,425
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	1,077,315	532,750	544,560	119,845	60,680	59,165
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	429,475	265,070	164,400	44,415	27,435	16,980
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	647,840	267,680	380,160	75,430	33,250	42,185
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	728,110	297,705	430,410	39,875	17,355	22,525
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	323,445	172,100	151,345	20,550	11,155	9,395
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	29,865	13,615	16,250	540	195	345
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	6,165,600	2,997,985	3,167,615	1,240,700	614,440	626,260
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	54,125	25,590	28,530	223,310	108,495	114,815
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	51,180	24,100	27,080	220,470	107,145	113,330
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	32,170	15,025	17,145	130,510	62,955	67,550
Métis	18,185	8,690	9,495	89,355	43,895	45,465
Inuk (Inuit)	825	390	435	610	295	310
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	1,290	595	690	2,020	985	1,030
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	1,655	895	760	820	365	450
Non-Aboriginal identity	6,111,475	2,972,395	3,139,080	1,017,385	505,945	511,445
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	6,165,600	2,997,990	3,167,615	1,240,700	614,440	626,255
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	16,930	7,945	8,985	127,250	61,300	65,950
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	6,148,665	2,990,040	3,158,630	1,113,450	553,140	560,305
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	6,165,600	2,997,985	3,167,610	1,240,700	614,440	626,255
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	8,525	3,885	4,635	110,630	53,980	56,645
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	8,325	3,795	4,525	108,055	52,775	55,285
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	6,445	2,910	3,530	93,070	45,490	47,580
Métis single ancestry	1,755	840	915	14,835	7,210	7,625
Inuit single ancestry	130	50	80	155	75	80
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	200	90	110	2,570	1,205	1,365
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	145	65	75	2,495	1,160	1,335
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	25	10	15	50	30	15
Métis and Inuit ancestries	15	0	10	15	10	10
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	20	10	10	10	10	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	77,800	36,665	41,130	114,605	55,480	59,120
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	75,720	35,670	40,050	107,535	52,250	55,285
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	57,060	26,935	30,130	40,265	19,440	20,820
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	17,560	8,205	9,355	66,810	32,600	34,215
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	1,100	520	570	460	210	250
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	2,080	1,000	1,080	7,070	3,235	3,835
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	1,800	850	950	6,800	3,100	3,705
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	175	90	85	120	65	55
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	95	55	40	130	55	80
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	10	10	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	6,079,275	2,957,430	3,121,845	1,015,465	504,980	510,485
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	6,165,600	2,997,985	3,167,615	1,240,700	614,440	626,260
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	3,065,110	1,475,720	1,589,385	216,850	108,315	108,530
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	986,160	497,590	488,570	42,060	22,200	19,855
Chinese	636,045	302,585	333,460	22,540	11,340	11,195
Black	461,500	214,100	247,395	30,335	15,790	14,550
Filipino	258,755	110,640	148,120	79,815	37,935	41,885
Latin American	134,630	64,625	70,000	9,895	4,840	5,050
Arab	107,465	55,845	51,620	5,030	2,705	2,325
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	83,575	39,230	44,350	8,565	4,155	4,410
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	125,205	62,610	62,595	2,695	1,420	1,270
Korean	70,160	33,450	36,715	4,375	2,195	2,180
Japanese	21,380	9,355	12,025	1,850	880	975
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	80,105	37,420	42,680	3,195	1,610	1,590
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	100,115	48,265	51,855	6,485	3,235	3,250
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	3,100,495	1,522,265	1,578,230	1,023,850	506,125	517,725
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	6,165,600	2,997,985	3,167,615	1,240,700	614,440	626,255
North American Aboriginal origins	86,320	40,555	45,770	225,230	109,465	115,770
First Nations (North American Indian)	65,675	30,875	34,795	142,820	69,305	73,510
Inuit	1,560	740	815	955	460	500
Métis	21,390	10,035	11,355	91,120	44,150	46,970
Other North American origins	890,400	441,050	449,350	247,670	123,075	124,600
Acadian	4,665	2,295	2,370	645	325	320
American	52,945	25,715	27,230	9,220	4,605	4,615
Canadian	847,465	420,100	427,365	240,835	119,610	121,225
New Brunswicker	105	70	35	10	0	10
Newfoundlander	3,860	1,960	1,900	215	130	90
Nova Scotian	670	325	345	20	15	0
Ontarian	695	395	300	20	20	0
Québécois	1,725	885	840	280	150	125
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	250	135	115	30	10	25
European origins	2,976,435	1,449,425	1,527,010	826,210	406,770	419,445
British Isles origins	1,453,875	708,915	744,960	421,515	206,840	214,675
Channel Islander	455	235	225	45	25	25
Cornish	210	105	105	85	45	40
English	829,660	404,155	425,505	245,960	119,975	125,985
Irish	613,845	292,610	321,235	156,145	74,290	81,850
Manx	910	495	415	200	100	100
Scottish	615,415	297,395	318,025	208,065	100,790	107,265
Welsh	63,700	30,410	33,285	17,760	8,575	9,180
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	118,795	56,595	62,200	19,610	9,260	10,355
French origins	280,315	132,865	147,450	148,810	72,060	76,750
Alsatian	355	130	220	20	15	15
Breton	55	35	20	120	40	75
Corsican	55	30	30	0	10	0
French	279,965	132,705	147,255	148,740	72,020	76,720
Western European origins (except French origins)	438,815	213,090	225,725	286,985	141,285	145,705
Austrian	32,295	15,750	16,550	12,325	6,190	6,135
Bavarian	160	65	95	15	10	0
Belgian	10,695	4,965	5,730	21,510	10,495	11,020
Dutch	114,480	55,130	59,350	55,525	27,375	28,150
Flemish	955	480	480	965	445	515
Frisian	435	250	190	140	75	55
German	298,670	145,360	153,305	220,735	108,650	112,080
Luxembourger	310	150	165	155	65	90
Swiss	15,915	8,000	7,915	5,475	2,660	2,810
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	550	260	285	140	65	75
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	75,360	36,240	39,120	80,295	38,580	41,720
Danish	16,980	8,390	8,590	7,895	3,850	4,050
Finnish	17,505	8,140	9,370	4,000	1,905	2,095
Icelandic	4,450	2,210	2,240	31,090	15,265	15,825
Norwegian	17,730	8,635	9,095	19,600	9,145	10,455
Swedish	20,370	9,430	10,945	22,470	10,530	11,945
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	3,805	1,805	2,005	2,540	1,260	1,285
Eastern European origins	626,465	298,640	327,830	287,695	141,310	146,380
Bulgarian	11,420	5,655	5,765	330	190	145
Byelorussian	8,405	4,140	4,265	885	430	455
Czech	17,435	8,415	9,020	4,590	2,165	2,425
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	4,980	2,355	2,630	2,155	1,120	1,040
Estonian	8,020	3,820	4,200	190	80	115
Hungarian	63,320	30,715	32,605	10,120	4,990	5,125
Latvian	9,945	4,665	5,275	1,365	655	715
Lithuanian	20,030	9,605	10,420	1,455	750	705
Moldovan	3,045	1,560	1,490	325	170	160
Polish	249,230	118,935	130,300	88,090	42,670	45,420
Romanian	51,845	24,690	27,150	5,835	2,790	3,045
Russian	142,520	66,315	76,205	58,225	28,625	29,605
Slovak	15,325	7,415	7,915	2,190	1,055	1,135
Ukrainian	155,850	74,695	81,150	180,055	88,615	91,445
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	7,350	3,450	3,905	895	415	480
Southern European origins	1,016,050	501,945	514,100	59,915	29,445	30,470
Albanian	17,790	8,975	8,810	415	220	195
Bosnian	6,645	3,250	3,395	1,030	505	520
Catalan	165	105	60	15	0	15
Croatian	38,560	19,280	19,275	2,930	1,430	1,500
Cypriot	2,695	1,325	1,370	45	25	15
Greek	103,175	51,765	51,415	4,130	2,070	2,060
Italian	497,450	248,620	248,830	23,210	11,675	11,530
Kosovar	505	260	245	45	20	25
Macedonian	30,255	15,190	15,060	225	120	110
Maltese	21,040	10,295	10,745	360	165	195
Montenegrin	1,480	705	775	40	10	30
Portuguese	212,190	103,565	108,630	14,540	7,215	7,320
Serbian	33,860	17,065	16,795	1,240	660	580
Sicilian	1,755	885	870	235	110	125
Slovenian	13,615	6,820	6,800	1,005	485	520
Spanish	110,580	51,650	58,925	12,625	5,680	6,945
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	7,355	3,570	3,785	1,060	540	525
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	515	210	305	65	40	30
Other European origins	73,765	36,970	36,795	10,950	5,550	5,400
Basque	865	420	450	100	65	35
Jewish	59,740	30,040	29,700	8,455	4,250	4,200
Roma (Gypsy)	1,235	575	660	155	70	85
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	1,040	555	485	185	100	85
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	11,350	5,610	5,745	2,130	1,090	1,040
Caribbean origins	364,700	165,915	198,785	10,805	5,355	5,450
Antiguan	2,590	1,155	1,435	60	20	40
Bahamian	1,375	705	675	60	35	25
Barbadian	19,865	9,065	10,805	740	390	350
Bermudan	1,040	485	550	40	30	15
Carib	1,975	695	1,275	65	30	40
Cuban	9,560	4,335	5,225	340	155	190
Dominican	6,615	3,125	3,490	275	145	135
Grenadian	12,970	5,580	7,390	160	85	80
Guadeloupean	40	15	30	0	0	0
Haitian	5,430	2,555	2,875	235	90	150
Jamaican	210,990	96,185	114,805	4,585	2,250	2,335
Kittitian/Nevisian	1,920	905	1,010	10	10	0
Martinican	155	50	100	0	0	0
Montserratan	460	220	245	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	785	415	370	70	25	45
St. Lucian	5,690	2,500	3,195	30	20	15
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	47,350	21,810	25,540	2,395	1,240	1,160
Vincentian/Grenadinian	10,880	4,620	6,260	190	90	105
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	48,565	21,530	27,040	1,465	705	760
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	13,795	6,170	7,625	665	360	305
Latin, Central and South American origins	220,030	103,845	116,180	23,115	11,555	11,565
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	7,325	3,425	3,900	650	330	320
Arawak	780	340	445	10	10	10
Argentinian	8,410	4,075	4,340	475	230	245
Belizean	390	180	210	200	105	100
Bolivian	1,360	675	685	300	160	140
Brazilian	13,250	6,350	6,900	830	375	455
Chilean	10,735	5,150	5,580	1,520	720	795
Colombian	25,240	12,095	13,145	1,400	680	715
Costa Rican	1,805	930	870	65	40	25
Ecuadorian	17,795	8,390	9,405	125	70	55
Guatemalan	6,115	2,960	3,160	505	240	260
Guyanese	61,130	28,055	33,075	1,485	770	715
Hispanic	3,705	1,805	1,900	425	210	220
Honduran	1,785	830	950	520	245	280
Maya	1,185	590	600	220	135	80
Mexican	20,480	9,570	10,905	8,790	4,440	4,350
Nicaraguan	3,725	1,795	1,935	370	200	170
Panamanian	1,905	820	1,080	50	10	40
Paraguayan	320	145	175	2,080	1,070	1,010
Peruvian	10,905	5,075	5,830	350	130	225
Salvadorean	15,270	7,545	7,725	2,735	1,425	1,315
Uruguayan	3,395	1,750	1,645	35	10	20
Venezuelan	8,585	3,960	4,630	240	95	150
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	9,420	4,590	4,840	1,045	525	520
African origins	274,125	133,800	140,330	28,860	14,980	13,885
Central and West African origins	60,375	29,860	30,515	8,665	4,585	4,085
Akan	720	415	305	35	10	25
Angolan	1,085	540	545	10	10	0
Ashanti	1,085	555	525	25	10	10
Beninese	370	190	185	55	45	0
Burkinabe	100	45	60	20	10	10
Cameroonian	2,700	1,330	1,365	145	80	70
Chadian	190	95	95	10	10	0
Congolese	4,275	2,075	2,205	1,575	785	790
Edo	945	495	445	130	85	45
Ewe	165	90	75	15	10	10
Gabonese	50	10	35	25	20	10
Gambian	555	260	295	10	0	10
Ghanaian	20,780	9,890	10,890	380	220	170
Guinean	695	360	335	70	20	50
Ibo	1,525	800	725	435	205	225
Ivorian	680	300	375	120	45	75
Liberian	305	135	175	80	20	55
Malian	280	145	135	140	85	55
Malinké	225	105	120	35	20	10
Nigerian	19,805	10,015	9,790	3,860	2,130	1,735
Peulh	65	40	20	25	15	15
Senegalese	540	280	260	115	70	40
Sierra Leonean	865	430	435	320	155	165
Togolese	315	205	105	115	60	55
Wolof	45	25	25	25	10	15
Yoruba	3,055	1,605	1,455	1,050	540	510
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	3,010	1,480	1,535	545	260	285
North African origins	54,675	28,110	26,565	3,690	1,980	1,705
Algerian	1,735	850	885	100	35	60
Berber	685	375	315	150	90	55
Coptic	1,845	940	900	85	45	40
Dinka	35	25	10	30	25	10
Egyptian	36,930	18,975	17,955	1,335	720	620
Libyan	1,375	735	635	360	175	185
Maure	240	130	105	100	70	30
Moroccan	8,675	4,490	4,180	350	190	160
Sudanese	3,775	1,845	1,930	1,075	580	500
Tunisian	1,110	595	510	130	65	60
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	895	475	430	75	40	35
Southern and East African origins	81,750	39,080	42,670	10,500	5,420	5,080
Afrikaner	340	175	165	65	40	30
Amhara	490	235	260	140	100	45
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	330	195	140	150	90	65
Burundian	785	420	365	235	110	125
Djiboutian	215	95	115	45	30	15
Eritrean	7,655	3,690	3,970	2,300	1,240	1,055
Ethiopian	16,110	7,725	8,385	2,900	1,505	1,395
Harari	460	250	210	0	0	0
Kenyan	4,075	1,895	2,180	335	165	170
Malagasy	180	75	105	25	15	10
Mauritian	2,855	1,470	1,385	245	125	115
Oromo	840	380	465	325	185	140
Rwandan	1,135	510	625	300	145	155
Seychellois	190	75	115	45	20	30
Somali	25,650	11,860	13,785	1,740	900	845
South African	12,455	6,280	6,175	730	310	420
Tanzanian	1,915	975	940	90	55	30
Tigrian	410	210	205	320	200	120
Ugandan	2,055	1,000	1,050	255	125	130
Zambian	425	215	215	200	95	110
Zimbabwean	1,875	875	995	310	150	160
Zulu	225	110	110	30	15	10
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	5,660	2,495	3,165	440	230	210
Other African origins	81,240	38,620	42,615	6,670	3,350	3,325
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	11,635	5,095	6,535	825	405	415
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	70,510	33,955	36,555	5,925	2,965	2,965
Asian origins	2,469,215	1,197,195	1,272,015	178,655	88,885	89,765
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	335,045	169,465	165,580	11,850	6,130	5,715
Afghan	43,305	21,735	21,570	1,010	485	530
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	23,810	12,320	11,490	1,755	975	785
Armenian	22,005	10,700	11,300	495	250	250
Assyrian	7,530	3,870	3,660	40	30	10
Azerbaijani	3,345	1,625	1,715	55	35	20
Georgian	2,375	1,220	1,160	110	60	45
Hazara	520	280	240	0	0	0
Iranian	97,660	49,065	48,590	1,885	1,015	870
Iraqi	28,895	14,505	14,385	925	480	450
Israeli	14,620	7,585	7,030	775	410	360
Jordanian	5,470	2,955	2,515	235	100	135
Kazakh	980	445	535	335	185	145
Kurd	4,390	2,355	2,040	305	145	160
Kuwaiti	375	215	160	40	20	25
Kyrgyz	260	90	170	45	30	20
Lebanese	30,540	15,475	15,070	1,375	700	675
Palestinian	16,005	8,640	7,365	620	340	275
Pashtun	2,125	1,180	945	65	25	40
Saudi Arabian	1,805	960	850	170	95	70
Syrian	16,450	8,015	8,435	1,115	535	580
Tajik	1,450	685	770	55	20	40
Tatar	1,810	775	1,040	310	155	155
Turk	23,365	11,840	11,525	655	315	340
Turkmen	410	205	200	10	0	0
Uighur	545	260	290	10	10	0
Uzbek	1,800	890	910	70	45	20
Yemeni	2,510	1,200	1,315	100	45	55
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	10,285	5,305	4,980	305	145	155
South Asian origins	1,010,270	507,255	503,010	43,155	22,710	20,440
Bangladeshi	23,725	12,120	11,605	880	500	385
Bengali	12,620	6,455	6,170	200	115	85
Bhutanese	150	80	65	140	55	85
East Indian	653,400	327,990	325,410	34,470	18,110	16,355
Goan	4,090	1,895	2,200	50	30	30
Gujarati	5,045	2,615	2,430	220	120	100
Kashmiri	1,405	735	670	30	10	15
Nepali	5,410	2,655	2,755	500	250	250
Pakistani	125,270	63,625	61,650	3,370	1,795	1,575
Punjabi	47,970	24,665	23,305	3,830	1,995	1,840
Sinhalese	4,085	1,990	2,095	280	145	135
Sri Lankan	116,195	56,715	59,475	1,090	545	545
Tamil	40,605	20,630	19,985	245	145	105
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	50,925	25,770	25,150	725	415	305
East and Southeast Asian origins	1,146,980	531,630	615,350	124,100	60,175	63,925
Burmese	2,240	980	1,260	260	125	135
Cambodian (Khmer)	6,235	2,910	3,330	525	280	240
Chinese	707,805	336,025	371,780	30,150	14,980	15,170
Filipino	279,435	120,465	158,970	83,530	39,955	43,580
Hmong	55	30	30	0	0	0
Indonesian	6,375	2,965	3,410	530	265	265
Japanese	28,960	12,820	16,145	2,675	1,305	1,365
Karen	265	120	150	455	195	255
Korean	73,905	35,210	38,695	4,545	2,300	2,240
Laotian	4,070	2,005	2,060	1,730	820	910
Malaysian	5,745	2,740	3,005	470	240	230
Mongolian	2,005	920	1,085	150	60	90
Singaporean	1,075	485	595	20	10	10
Taiwanese	8,045	3,645	4,395	150	90	60
Thai	3,505	1,360	2,145	750	335	420
Tibetan	6,035	3,030	3,010	15	10	10
Vietnamese	73,730	34,880	38,850	5,850	2,915	2,935
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	3,445	1,695	1,745	145	70	80
Other Asian origins	10,790	5,320	5,470	575	320	260
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	10,790	5,320	5,470	575	320	260
Oceania origins	10,235	5,195	5,040	1,525	740	785
Australian	6,300	3,295	3,000	910	415	495
New Zealander	2,045	1,070	975	315	170	140
Pacific Islands origins	2,125	985	1,150	345	180	165
Fijian	1,230	520	705	80	45	30
Hawaiian	250	125	120	60	30	30
Maori	190	100	85	55	30	25
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	115	45	70	95	45	45
Samoan	90	45	45	25	0	15
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	355	170	185	65	30	35
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	2,249,705	...	...	489,050	...	...
Owner	1,508,050	...	...	336,170	...	...
Renter	741,635	...	...	140,260	...	...
Band housing	15	...	...	12,620	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	2,249,705	...	...	489,050	...	...
Condominium	451,480	...	...	33,325	...	...
Not condominium	1,798,220	...	...	455,725	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	2,249,705	...	...	489,050	...	...
No bedrooms	24,470	...	...	3,745	...	...
1 bedroom	392,455	...	...	63,040	...	...
2 bedrooms	471,420	...	...	121,520	...	...
3 bedrooms	675,530	...	...	175,500	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	685,825	...	...	125,240	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	2,249,705	...	...	489,050	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	769,935	...	...	132,410	...	...
5 rooms	305,120	...	...	82,935	...	...
6 rooms	298,100	...	...	78,750	...	...
7 rooms	268,285	...	...	64,560	...	...
8 or more rooms	608,260	...	...	130,400	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.9	...	...	6.1	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	2,249,700	...	...	489,050	...	...
One person or fewer per room	2,155,575	...	...	473,625	...	...
More than 1 person per room	94,130	...	...	15,420	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	2,249,700	...	...	489,050	...	...
Suitable	2,040,055	...	...	456,365	...	...
Not suitable	209,650	...	...	32,680	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	2,249,705	...	...	489,050	...	...
1960 or before	461,890	...	...	142,200	...	...
1961 to 1980	596,580	...	...	158,180	...	...
1981 to 1990	318,720	...	...	65,190	...	...
1991 to 2000	284,125	...	...	42,740	...	...
2001 to 2005	211,220	...	...	20,815	...	...
2006 to 2010	194,820	...	...	27,880	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	182,345	...	...	32,035	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	2,249,700	...	...	489,050	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	2,126,815	...	...	444,995	...	...
Major repairs needed	122,885	...	...	44,055	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	2,249,705	...	...	489,050	...	...
1 household maintainer	1,268,650	...	...	290,830	...	...
2 household maintainers	889,850	...	...	187,775	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	91,210	...	...	10,445	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	2,249,705	...	...	489,050	...	...
15 to 24 years	50,295	...	...	17,240	...	...
25 to 34 years	309,555	...	...	74,950	...	...
35 to 44 years	427,295	...	...	84,800	...	...
45 to 54 years	523,950	...	...	95,135	...	...
55 to 64 years	438,675	...	...	96,255	...	...
65 to 74 years	280,175	...	...	67,475	...	...
75 to 84 years	158,225	...	...	37,760	...	...
85 years and over	61,535	...	...	15,440	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	2,244,090	...	...	461,870	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	1,503,705	...	...	373,860	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	740,390	...	...	88,010	...	...
30% to less than 100%	614,715	...	...	76,075	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	1,505,930	...	...	324,120	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	63.5	...	...	60.4	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	26.1	...	...	11.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,643	...	...	973	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,741	...	...	1,085	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	601,801	...	...	275,473	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	718,283	...	...	297,444	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	741,470	...	...	138,905	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	14.7	...	...	19.4	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	47.0	...	...	36.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,205	...	...	868	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,258	...	...	891	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	5,127,565	2,465,135	2,662,435	1,001,305	491,580	509,725
No certificate, diploma or degree	835,885	398,720	437,165	220,390	116,570	103,820
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	1,336,090	657,155	678,935	296,355	147,040	149,320
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	2,955,595	1,409,260	1,546,335	484,555	227,975	256,585
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	233,655	157,070	76,585	77,000	54,090	22,910
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	124,295	74,045	50,250	37,490	21,985	15,500
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	109,355	83,020	26,340	39,515	32,110	7,410
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	911,320	398,310	513,015	177,620	72,785	104,840
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	138,905	62,070	76,830	28,940	12,075	16,860
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	1,671,725	791,820	879,905	200,990	89,020	111,970
Bachelor's degree	1,108,835	509,125	599,705	143,780	61,350	82,430
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	110,490	50,230	60,260	16,040	6,675	9,365
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	45,720	22,855	22,870	6,105	3,515	2,595
Master's degree	358,270	180,120	178,150	29,305	13,830	15,470
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	48,405	29,490	18,920	5,765	3,645	2,115
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	3,453,070	1,658,085	1,794,995	654,670	323,300	331,370
No certificate, diploma or degree	330,455	168,305	162,150	94,310	54,700	39,610
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	763,495	383,035	380,460	182,335	93,000	89,330
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	2,359,120	1,106,740	1,252,385	378,030	175,595	202,435
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	159,805	106,765	53,045	53,800	38,185	15,620
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	85,460	50,660	34,800	25,955	15,460	10,490
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	74,340	56,100	18,240	27,850	22,725	5,125
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	713,845	310,985	402,860	137,930	57,445	80,485
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	104,165	46,160	58,005	21,215	8,995	12,220
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	1,381,310	642,835	738,475	165,085	70,970	94,115
Bachelor's degree	903,185	410,675	492,515	119,150	50,120	69,035
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	89,860	39,260	50,595	12,185	4,840	7,350
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	37,365	17,445	19,920	5,075	2,705	2,370
Master's degree	312,795	153,565	159,235	24,410	10,815	13,595
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	38,100	21,890	16,220	4,270	2,495	1,770
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	5,127,570	2,465,130	2,662,435	1,001,305	491,585	509,725
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	2,171,970	1,055,875	1,116,100	516,750	263,605	253,140
Education	152,070	31,295	120,780	44,855	11,705	33,145
13. Education	152,070	31,295	120,775	44,855	11,710	33,145
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	143,925	65,075	78,855	13,170	6,230	6,940
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	19,340	14,390	4,950	2,415	1,860	550
50. Visual and performing arts	124,590	50,685	73,905	10,755	4,365	6,390
Humanities	196,840	69,600	127,245	23,030	9,915	13,110
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	22,870	4,990	17,880	1,775	400	1,380
23. English language and literature/letters	55,685	15,720	39,965	3,905	1,110	2,795
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	58,975	19,690	39,280	7,065	2,820	4,240
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	955	430	525	60	25	30
38. Philosophy and religious studies	12,755	7,105	5,650	1,590	940	650
39. Theology and religious vocations	10,875	6,820	4,055	4,510	2,590	1,925
54. History	27,730	13,795	13,930	3,410	1,855	1,555
55. French language and literature/letters	7,000	1,050	5,950	705	175	530
Social and behavioural sciences and law	422,140	146,075	276,065	46,555	15,805	30,750
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	5,715	1,060	4,655	880	220	660
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	46,600	18,130	28,475	3,115	1,225	1,890
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	60,420	5,555	54,865	10,760	795	9,965
22. Legal professions and studies	73,180	27,680	45,500	7,130	2,365	4,760
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	7,085	1,590	5,495	955	305	650
42. Psychology	59,035	13,965	45,065	8,155	2,385	5,770
45. Social sciences	170,100	78,095	92,005	15,565	8,510	7,055
Business, management and public administration	710,290	316,185	394,110	95,115	34,865	60,255
30.16 Accounting and computer science	1,450	550	900	320	105	210
44. Public administration and social service professions	44,090	8,915	35,175	7,670	1,875	5,790
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	664,745	306,720	358,025	87,125	32,875	54,250
Physical and life sciences and technologies	139,280	65,385	73,895	16,120	8,165	7,950
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	58,500	23,085	35,410	6,625	2,990	3,640
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	34,525	15,160	19,365	4,325	2,285	2,040
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	2,490	780	1,715	470	70	395
40. Physical sciences	38,775	24,610	14,160	3,685	2,585	1,095
41. Science technologies/technicians	4,995	1,745	3,245	1,020	240	780
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	172,415	111,640	60,775	18,425	11,380	7,050
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	133,530	91,695	41,830	15,225	10,050	5,175
25. Library science	6,160	1,010	5,150	1,140	175	965
27. Mathematics and statistics	29,965	17,020	12,945	1,945	1,080	865
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	2,760	1,915	845	120	75	40
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	512,040	443,510	68,535	96,625	89,275	7,350
04. Architecture and related services	31,495	20,350	11,140	2,420	1,380	1,040
14. Engineering	214,355	170,975	43,385	16,205	13,530	2,675
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	89,340	80,240	9,100	17,815	15,975	1,845
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	100	25	75	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	69,290	67,765	1,525	22,160	21,705	450
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	71,415	69,560	1,855	27,485	26,650	830
48. Precision production	36,050	34,595	1,455	10,530	10,030	505
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	33,130	17,945	15,185	14,540	10,260	4,275
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	19,660	11,120	8,545	11,380	8,280	3,100
03. Natural resources and conservation	13,470	6,825	6,640	3,160	1,980	1,180
Health and related fields	350,515	82,575	267,945	87,795	16,505	71,290
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	30,095	15,365	14,730	4,105	1,945	2,155
51. Health professions and related programs	307,835	60,640	247,200	81,865	13,450	68,415
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	12,585	6,570	6,015	1,825	1,110	715
Personal, protective and transportation services	122,605	59,890	62,710	28,275	13,845	14,435
12. Personal and culinary services	73,665	22,575	51,090	16,750	4,095	12,655
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	400	345	55	90	85	10
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	560	530	35	240	230	10
43. Security and protective services	31,600	21,895	9,700	5,005	3,680	1,330
49. Transportation and materials moving	16,380	14,540	1,840	6,185	5,750	435
Other	335	100	240	60	30	35
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	340	100	240	60	25	35
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	3,453,075	1,658,080	1,794,995	654,670	323,300	331,375
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	1,093,950	551,340	542,605	276,645	147,710	128,935
Education	111,515	22,360	89,150	31,645	7,860	23,785
13. Education	111,515	22,360	89,155	31,650	7,865	23,785
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	115,180	51,975	63,205	10,350	4,875	5,475
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	14,710	10,965	3,745	1,815	1,335	480
50. Visual and performing arts	100,465	41,010	59,455	8,540	3,545	4,990
Humanities	152,610	52,495	100,110	17,250	7,370	9,880
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	17,955	3,595	14,365	1,485	330	1,155
23. English language and literature/letters	43,250	11,900	31,350	2,930	810	2,120
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	46,590	15,100	31,485	5,420	2,245	3,180
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	755	350	405	55	30	30
38. Philosophy and religious studies	9,865	5,520	4,345	1,230	715	515
39. Theology and religious vocations	7,970	4,980	2,985	3,255	1,835	1,420
54. History	21,045	10,390	10,650	2,365	1,275	1,090
55. French language and literature/letters	5,180	650	4,525	505	135	370
Social and behavioural sciences and law	343,020	115,640	227,375	38,120	12,380	25,740
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	4,675	895	3,780	740	185	555
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	38,535	14,990	23,540	2,575	965	1,610
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	46,755	3,895	42,860	8,805	605	8,195
22. Legal professions and studies	62,345	21,545	40,805	6,085	1,795	4,285
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	5,560	1,305	4,260	815	265	550
42. Psychology	46,440	10,375	36,065	6,370	1,720	4,645
45. Social sciences	138,705	62,635	76,070	12,730	6,835	5,895
Business, management and public administration	586,770	256,525	330,245	76,370	27,865	48,495
30.16 Accounting and computer science	1,225	450	770	270	95	175
44. Public administration and social service professions	35,730	7,150	28,580	6,145	1,335	4,810
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	549,820	248,930	300,890	69,950	26,440	43,510
Physical and life sciences and technologies	106,185	48,100	58,085	12,195	5,930	6,270
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	44,740	17,110	27,635	5,290	2,265	3,025
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	26,645	11,315	15,325	3,005	1,595	1,405
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	2,045	655	1,390	405	65	345
40. Physical sciences	29,015	17,810	11,205	2,805	1,855	950
41. Science technologies/technicians	3,740	1,205	2,530	690	150	545
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	153,315	99,790	53,525	15,955	9,965	5,985
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	122,125	83,960	38,165	13,600	9,015	4,585
25. Library science	4,420	770	3,645	790	135	650
27. Mathematics and statistics	24,330	13,405	10,920	1,465	760	700
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	2,450	1,650	795	100	60	45
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	394,190	336,265	57,930	73,680	67,440	6,240
04. Architecture and related services	25,855	16,295	9,560	2,025	1,160	865
14. Engineering	175,000	137,235	37,760	13,705	11,305	2,405
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	66,985	59,980	7,005	13,840	12,265	1,575
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	95	20	75	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	50,050	48,900	1,150	16,060	15,690	365
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	51,840	50,495	1,345	20,395	19,765	625
48. Precision production	24,365	23,330	1,030	7,655	7,250	405
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	26,330	13,690	12,640	11,450	7,800	3,645
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	15,345	8,185	7,165	8,760	6,170	2,590
03. Natural resources and conservation	10,985	5,500	5,480	2,695	1,635	1,060
Health and related fields	276,985	64,810	212,175	69,600	13,415	56,185
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	22,850	11,585	11,265	3,310	1,585	1,715
51. Health professions and related programs	244,170	48,335	195,840	64,870	11,020	53,850
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	9,960	4,895	5,070	1,430	810	620
Personal, protective and transportation services	92,740	45,005	47,735	21,365	10,660	10,705
12. Personal and culinary services	55,105	16,430	38,670	12,255	2,980	9,275
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	290	245	45	90	85	10
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	270	255	20	110	105	0
43. Security and protective services	24,105	16,480	7,625	4,025	2,945	1,080
49. Transportation and materials moving	12,975	11,595	1,380	4,885	4,545	340
Other	280	75	205	50	30	25
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	280	80	200	50	25	25
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	5,127,565	2,465,135	2,662,430	1,001,305	491,585	509,725
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	2,171,970	1,055,875	1,116,100	516,750	263,610	253,145
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	2,955,595	1,409,260	1,546,335	484,555	227,975	256,585
Location of study inside Canada	2,030,770	958,975	1,071,795	403,775	188,230	215,540
Same as province or territory of residence	1,876,620	883,400	993,215	352,390	162,050	190,340
Different than province or territory of residence	154,150	75,570	78,585	51,385	26,185	25,200
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	924,825	450,290	474,540	80,785	39,745	41,040
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	87,045	47,790	39,255	9,155	4,910	4,245
Philippines	97,275	34,080	63,195	26,450	11,595	14,860
India	143,425	72,340	71,090	10,365	5,300	5,070
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	62,945	35,240	27,705	4,180	2,350	1,825
China^{Census data footnote 162}	79,715	37,720	41,995	2,865	1,330	1,535
France	6,770	3,685	3,085	395	235	165
Other	447,650	219,440	228,210	27,375	14,030	13,345
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	3,453,070	1,658,080	1,794,990	654,670	323,300	331,375
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	1,093,950	551,345	542,605	276,640	147,705	128,935
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	2,359,125	1,106,740	1,252,385	378,035	175,595	202,440
Location of study inside Canada	1,619,990	756,860	863,130	309,655	142,710	166,950
Same as province or territory of residence	1,497,405	696,605	800,805	270,435	123,090	147,340
Different than province or territory of residence	122,580	60,255	62,325	39,225	19,615	19,610
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	739,135	349,880	389,260	68,375	32,885	35,485
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	69,385	37,000	32,390	6,215	3,005	3,210
Philippines	82,075	28,300	53,775	24,495	10,775	13,720
India	123,205	60,375	62,825	9,430	4,770	4,660
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	38,455	21,100	17,350	2,465	1,385	1,080
China^{Census data footnote 162}	67,305	31,345	35,955	2,630	1,210	1,420
France	5,705	3,090	2,610	340	195	145
Other	353,015	168,670	184,345	22,805	11,555	11,255
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	5,127,570	2,465,135	2,662,435	1,001,305	491,580	509,725
In the labour force	3,395,035	1,751,695	1,643,345	662,155	347,685	314,465
Employed	3,131,310	1,620,650	1,510,665	617,465	322,130	295,335
Unemployed	263,725	131,045	132,680	44,690	25,560	19,130
Not in the labour force	1,732,530	713,440	1,019,095	339,155	143,895	195,260
Participation rate	66.2	71.1	61.7	66.1	70.7	61.7
Employment rate	61.1	65.7	56.7	61.7	65.5	57.9
Unemployment rate	7.8	7.5	8.1	6.7	7.4	6.1
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	5,127,570	2,465,135	2,662,435	1,001,310	491,585	509,725
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	1,676,685	690,615	986,070	312,495	131,600	180,900
Worked	3,450,885	1,774,515	1,676,365	688,810	359,980	328,830
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	1,783,150	991,020	792,130	358,800	206,460	152,330
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	1,667,730	783,495	884,240	330,010	153,520	176,495
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.6	43.3	41.9	42.9	43.5	42.3
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	3,395,035	1,751,695	1,643,340	662,155	347,685	314,465
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	94,665	43,825	50,840	12,625	6,125	6,505
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	3,300,370	1,707,870	1,592,500	649,530	341,560	307,965
Employee	2,886,735	1,438,530	1,448,200	580,885	296,560	284,325
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	413,635	269,335	144,300	68,645	45,000	23,640
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	3,395,035	1,751,695	1,643,345	662,155	347,690	314,470
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	94,665	43,830	50,840	12,625	6,125	6,505
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	3,300,370	1,707,865	1,592,500	649,525	341,565	307,965
0 Management occupations	394,280	239,200	155,080	71,455	45,945	25,510
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	601,285	210,175	391,110	96,050	27,530	68,515
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	279,765	214,135	65,630	34,135	26,895	7,240
3 Health occupations	184,005	43,195	140,810	52,280	10,830	41,450
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	378,750	115,535	263,210	86,055	27,425	58,630
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	131,660	64,385	67,280	14,355	6,025	8,325
6 Sales and service occupations	773,450	355,335	418,115	144,490	62,735	81,760
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	374,450	348,325	26,125	102,660	97,500	5,160
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	26,040	20,920	5,120	18,400	14,490	3,910
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	156,695	96,670	60,030	29,650	22,180	7,475
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	3,395,035	1,751,695	1,643,345	662,155	347,685	314,465
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	94,670	43,825	50,840	12,625	6,120	6,500
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	3,300,370	1,707,870	1,592,505	649,525	341,560	307,965
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	10,650	6,355	4,300	28,680	20,765	7,920
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	4,840	3,360	1,485	5,460	4,830	635
22 Utilities	21,020	14,710	6,315	7,390	5,625	1,765
23 Construction	202,820	176,825	25,995	49,575	43,990	5,585
31-33 Manufacturing	297,095	197,110	99,985	54,645	40,800	13,845
41 Wholesale trade	148,765	92,475	56,290	21,890	16,040	5,850
44-45 Retail trade	357,305	170,725	186,585	69,700	33,960	35,740
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	175,370	128,850	46,515	35,490	28,350	7,145
51 Information and cultural industries	111,260	64,370	46,885	10,875	6,085	4,790
52 Finance and insurance	256,030	122,265	133,765	25,885	9,615	16,270
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	85,340	45,945	39,400	8,235	4,565	3,670
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	349,475	196,515	152,960	28,470	14,790	13,680
55 Management of companies and enterprises	8,980	3,725	5,245	635	250	380
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	170,015	93,700	76,315	22,285	13,105	9,170
61 Educational services	242,880	74,790	168,090	55,025	17,480	37,540
62 Health care and social assistance	306,505	60,805	245,700	93,960	18,345	75,615
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	67,460	35,520	31,935	12,980	6,620	6,360
72 Accommodation and food services	214,090	97,280	116,810	43,655	17,430	26,230
81 Other services (except public administration)	140,750	59,140	81,610	28,055	13,740	14,315
91 Public administration	129,730	63,405	66,325	46,645	25,180	21,465
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	3,131,315	1,620,650	1,510,660	617,465	322,125	295,335
Worked at home	227,805	115,735	112,070	42,530	23,485	19,050
Worked outside Canada	19,885	13,445	6,445	1,935	1,305	630
No fixed workplace address	362,910	258,955	103,960	68,420	52,715	15,710
Worked at usual place	2,520,710	1,232,520	1,288,190	504,580	244,620	259,960
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	2,520,710	1,232,520	1,288,190	504,580	244,620	259,960
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	1,390,920	629,775	761,150	384,465	181,650	202,820
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	296,770	144,860	151,910	50,350	23,760	26,580
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	827,240	454,405	372,840	66,495	37,055	29,435
Commute to a different province or territory	5,780	3,480	2,300	3,275	2,150	1,120
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	2,883,620	1,491,475	1,392,150	573,005	297,335	275,665
Car, truck, van - as a driver	1,822,275	1,038,935	783,340	431,755	237,860	193,895
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	162,250	60,150	102,105	40,595	14,520	26,070
Public transit	682,935	287,755	395,180	53,740	21,780	31,955
Walked	148,075	65,960	82,115	32,330	13,815	18,520
Bicycle	39,580	25,130	14,450	8,175	5,670	2,505
Other method	28,510	13,545	14,965	6,410	3,695	2,715
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	2,883,620	1,491,475	1,392,145	573,000	297,340	275,665
Less than 15 minutes	421,685	190,530	231,160	185,120	87,795	97,320
15 to 29 minutes	828,535	419,575	408,960	208,570	108,680	99,890
30 to 44 minutes	747,815	406,185	341,625	115,090	63,555	51,535
45 to 59 minutes	383,645	205,085	178,565	36,755	20,485	16,270
60 minutes and over	501,935	270,105	231,830	27,470	16,820	10,650
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	2,883,620	1,491,475	1,392,150	573,000	297,335	275,665
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	171,870	123,165	48,705	28,060	20,145	7,915
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	443,415	265,760	177,645	104,545	65,630	38,925
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	733,585	355,240	378,345	168,760	90,125	78,630
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	674,150	309,245	364,905	126,090	50,885	75,200
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	418,610	198,245	220,360	53,120	22,305	30,810
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	441,995	239,820	202,175	92,430	48,240	44,190
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	3,573,895	1,834,125	1,739,765	710,830	370,255	340,575
Single responses	3,491,900	1,794,810	1,697,090	702,445	366,000	336,445
Official languages	3,398,800	1,745,460	1,653,335	694,855	361,770	333,090
English	3,386,000	1,742,070	1,643,925	688,400	359,660	328,730
French	12,795	3,390	9,410	6,455	2,100	4,355
Non-official languages	93,100	49,350	43,755	7,590	4,235	3,360
Aboriginal languages	10	10	10	1,815	1,025	800
Algonquian languages	10	0	0	1,755	990	755
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	10	985	565	420
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	10	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	980	565	415
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	0	0	770	430	335
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	10	0	0	230	125	110
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	535	310	230
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	55	25	30
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	60	25	30
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	55	30	30
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	10
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	10	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	93,095	49,345	43,745	5,770	3,215	2,560
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,860	1,060	800	300	155	145
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	100	45	60	30	10	20
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	15	10	0	0	0	0
Somali	85	35	55	30	10	20
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	1,750	1,015	735	270	145	125
Amharic	55	20	35	15	0	10
Arabic	1,170	765	405	105	70	40
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	110	80	30	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	10	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	340	105	240	115	50	65
Maltese	20	15	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	45	25	20	35	25	10
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	1,800	740	1,055	140	35	100
Khmer (Cambodian)	50	25	20	0	0	0
Vietnamese	1,745	715	1,035	140	35	100
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	1,105	405	700	485	245	240
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	25	10	10	10	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	10	10	10	0	0	0
Ilocano	35	20	20	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	35	15	25	10	10	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10	0	10	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	985	360	625	470	235	240
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	10	0	0	0
Creole languages	20	20	10	10	0	10
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	20	20	10	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	1,935	930	1,005	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	10	0	0	0
Malayalam	65	30	30	10	0	0
Tamil	1,835	890	945	0	0	0
Telugu	35	10	25	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	27,135	14,985	12,150	3,115	1,865	1,255
Albanian	215	120	90	0	0	0
Armenian	145	65	75	10	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	5,340	2,575	2,760	480	245	235
Baltic languages	55	20	30	0	0	0
Latvian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Lithuanian	50	20	25	0	0	0
Slavic languages	5,290	2,555	2,730	480	245	235
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	45	30	10	15	10	10
Bulgarian	110	75	35	0	0	0
Croatian	90	60	30	0	0	0
Czech	15	10	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	80	35	45	0	0	0
Polish	1,510	800	710	65	50	20
Russian	2,500	1,090	1,410	280	145	135
Serbian	170	110	55	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	20	15	10	0	0	0
Slovak	50	30	15	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	10	0	0	0
Ukrainian	690	295	400	110	40	70
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	380	155	230	1,300	790	505
Afrikaans	0	0	0	10	10	0
Danish	20	0	10	0	0	0
Dutch	65	50	20	40	10	30
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	235	80	160	950	585	370
Icelandic	10	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	10	10	0	10	0	10
Swedish	20	10	15	0	10	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	10	0	10	10	0
Yiddish	15	10	15	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	290	185	105
Greek	345	190	150	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	10,900	6,060	4,845	755	505	260
Indo-Aryan languages	8,445	4,520	3,935	685	455	225
Bengali	295	145	155	20	0	15
Gujarati	620	210	410	10	10	10
Hindi	730	355	375	40	40	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	30	15	15	0	0	0
Nepali	55	20	35	10	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	5,655	3,255	2,400	605	400	210
Sindhi	25	10	15	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	30	15	15	0	0	0
Urdu	1,005	495	510	10	0	10
Iranian languages	2,450	1,545	905	75	45	30
Kurdish	80	75	10	10	10	10
Pashto	15	0	10	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	2,355	1,470	890	65	45	20
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	10	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	9,815	5,805	4,005	580	330	245
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	750	405	345	20	10	10
Portuguese	4,975	3,295	1,680	330	215	115
Romanian	245	105	140	10	10	0
Spanish	3,830	1,995	1,835	220	100	125
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0	0	0
Japanese	770	255	525	10	0	0
Kartvelian languages	10	0	10	0	0	0
Georgian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Korean	4,280	2,160	2,115	305	150	150
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	75	40	35	15	15	0
Akan (Twi)	15	0	15	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	10	0	0	0	0
Ganda	20	15	15	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	10	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	10	10	0	0	10	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	10	0	10	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	15	15	0	10	10	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	365	145	220	210	80	135
American Sign Language	255	80	180	155	65	95
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	105	65	45	55	15	45
Sino-Tibetan languages	52,950	28,150	24,795	1,170	650	515
Chinese languages	52,900	28,125	24,775	1,160	650	515
Cantonese	25,385	13,225	12,160	690	380	315
Hakka	35	10	25	0	0	0
Mandarin	26,295	14,290	12,005	440	255	185
Min Dong	30	15	10	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	220	145	75	10	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	30	20	10	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	910	425	490	25	10	10
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	50	30	20	10	10	10
Burmese	10	0	10	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	40	30	10	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	75	30	45	15	0	10
Lao	0	0	10	10	0	10
Thai	70	30	35	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	415	285	130	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	10	10	10	0	0	0
Turkish	400	270	125	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	300	145	160	0	0	0
Estonian	45	10	35	0	0	0
Finnish	35	10	30	0	0	0
Hungarian	220	120	95	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	81,990	39,315	42,680	8,390	4,255	4,125
English and French	17,250	6,625	10,620	2,655	1,150	1,505
English and non-official language	63,475	32,120	31,360	5,680	3,085	2,590
French and non-official language	85	45	40	10	0	0
English, French and non-official language	1,180	520	660	45	20	30
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	3,573,890	1,834,125	1,739,765	710,835	370,255	340,575
None	3,303,720	1,698,930	1,604,790	662,595	346,710	315,885
English	45,255	21,620	23,630	8,550	3,690	4,855
French	50,065	21,430	28,635	13,320	5,825	7,495
Non-official language	170,330	89,990	80,340	25,960	13,815	12,145
Aboriginal	160	45	115	6,500	3,245	3,255
Non-Aboriginal	170,170	89,945	80,220	19,460	10,575	8,890
English and French	80	40	40	10	0	10
English and non-official language	1,240	595	645	65	45	20
French and non-official language	3,180	1,495	1,685	335	160	175
English, French and non-official language	25	20	10	10	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	6,102,380	2,965,875	3,136,510	1,225,480	606,585	618,895
Non-movers	5,339,195	2,590,535	2,748,660	1,064,380	527,020	537,360
Movers	763,190	375,335	387,855	161,100	79,570	81,535
Non-migrants	448,425	219,440	228,980	105,090	52,025	53,065
Migrants	314,765	155,890	158,870	56,010	27,545	28,465
Internal migrants	209,390	103,440	105,950	41,305	20,285	21,020
Intraprovincial migrants	182,460	89,955	92,505	30,395	14,720	15,675
Interprovincial migrants	26,930	13,485	13,445	10,915	5,565	5,345
External migrants	105,375	52,455	52,920	14,705	7,260	7,445
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	5,839,885	2,831,440	3,008,450	1,161,240	573,310	587,930
Non-movers	3,600,585	1,739,465	1,861,115	718,640	355,585	363,050
Movers	2,239,300	1,091,970	1,147,335	442,600	217,725	224,875
Non-migrants	1,222,360	594,025	628,335	261,015	128,560	132,455
Migrants	1,016,945	497,950	518,995	181,585	89,165	92,420
Internal migrants	622,105	304,350	317,760	117,135	56,880	60,260
Intraprovincial migrants	553,000	270,880	282,120	86,295	41,295	45,000
Interprovincial migrants	69,105	33,465	35,635	30,840	15,580	15,260
External migrants	394,840	193,600	201,240	64,445	32,285	32,165

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 35 referrer

Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 36 referrer

Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 38 referrer

Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Return to footnote 180 referrer

Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Return to footnote 181 referrer

Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Toronto [Economic region], Ontario and Manitoba [Province] (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 8, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Toronto [Economic region], Ontario and Manitoba [Province]

Census Profile, 2016 Census Toronto [Economic region], Ontario and Manitoba [Province]

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Toronto [Economic region], Ontario and Manitoba [Province]