Census Profile, 2016 Census
Elgin, County [Census division], Ontario and Division No. 10, Census division [Census division], Manitoba

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Elgin, CTY Ontario [Census division]			Division No. 10, CDR Manitoba [Census division]
	Data quality , Elgin, County [Census division], Ontario Map : Elgin, County [Census division], Ontario Change geography 1			Data quality : Division No. 10, Census division [Census division], Manitoba Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	88,978	...	...	11,941	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	87,461	...	...	10,673	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	1.7	...	...	11.9	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	36,613	...	...	3,786	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	34,995	...	...	3,678	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	47.3	...	...	6.2	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	1,881.03	...	...	1,916.28	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	88,980	43,735	45,240	11,940	6,070	5,870
0 to 14 years	16,700	8,595	8,110	2,655	1,345	1,310
0 to 4 years	5,115	2,640	2,475	815	440	370
5 to 9 years	5,875	3,010	2,865	930	450	485
10 to 14 years	5,710	2,940	2,770	915	455	455
15 to 64 years	56,135	27,725	28,415	7,935	4,040	3,895
15 to 19 years	5,595	2,880	2,710	870	465	405
20 to 24 years	4,880	2,520	2,355	735	395	345
25 to 29 years	4,505	2,185	2,320	610	310	300
30 to 34 years	4,880	2,370	2,520	700	340	360
35 to 39 years	5,105	2,475	2,630	770	385	380
40 to 44 years	5,580	2,730	2,850	835	420	420
45 to 49 years	5,880	2,885	2,995	830	410	415
50 to 54 years	6,895	3,400	3,490	1,020	525	500
55 to 59 years	6,805	3,335	3,465	915	460	455
60 to 64 years	6,015	2,940	3,070	640	330	310
65 years and over	16,140	7,425	8,720	1,350	685	665
65 to 69 years	5,585	2,675	2,910	535	275	260
70 to 74 years	4,030	1,965	2,065	365	195	175
75 to 79 years	2,830	1,345	1,490	245	125	115
80 to 84 years	1,815	805	1,010	120	60	55
85 years and over	1,880	635	1,245	90	25	60
85 to 89 years	1,180	430	750	55	15	40
90 to 94 years	565	175	385	30	10	15
95 to 99 years	120	25	95	0	0	5
100 years and over	20	0	15	0	0	5
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	18.8	19.7	17.9	22.2	22.2	22.3
15 to 64 years	63.1	63.4	62.8	66.5	66.6	66.4
65 years and over	18.1	17.0	19.3	11.3	11.3	11.3
85 years and over	2.1	1.5	2.8	0.8	0.4	1.0
Average age of the population	41.1	40.2	42.0	36.9	36.7	37.1
Median age of the population	42.5	41.5	43.4	37.6	37.3	37.9
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	34,995	...	...	3,680	...	...
Single-detached house	27,125	...	...	3,430	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	775	...	...	0	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	6,750	...	...	115	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,415	...	...	10	...	...
Row house	970	...	...	15	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	730	...	...	5	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	3,535	...	...	65	...	...
Other single-attached house	105	...	...	20	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	340	...	...	135	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	34,995	...	...	3,675	...	...
1 person	8,840	...	...	510	...	...
2 persons	13,130	...	...	1,365	...	...
3 persons	5,235	...	...	605	...	...
4 persons	4,575	...	...	750	...	...
5 or more persons	3,220	...	...	440	...	...
Number of persons in private households	87,605	...	...	10,455	...	...
Average household size	2.5	...	...	2.8	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	72,275	35,145	37,130	9,285	4,725	4,560
Married or living common law	44,570	22,240	22,335	6,355	3,180	3,175
Married	37,850	18,905	18,945	5,650	2,825	2,825
Living common law	6,725	3,335	3,385	705	355	350
Not married and not living common law	27,710	12,905	14,800	2,925	1,545	1,385
Never married	16,495	9,000	7,500	2,265	1,275	990
Separated	2,295	1,015	1,285	140	75	65
Divorced	4,350	1,880	2,465	240	125	115
Widowed	4,565	1,015	3,545	285	70	215
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	25,810	...	...	3,150	...	...
2 persons	13,540	...	...	1,420	...	...
3 persons	5,175	...	...	600	...	...
4 persons	4,385	...	...	750	...	...
5 or more persons	2,710	...	...	380	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	25,810	...	...	3,150	...	...
Total couple families	22,020	...	...	2,895	...	...
Married couples	18,655	...	...	2,545	...	...
Common-law couples	3,360	...	...	355	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	3,790	...	...	250	...	...
Female parent	3,000	...	...	165	...	...
Male parent	790	...	...	90	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	22,020	...	...	2,895	...	...
Couples without children	11,255	...	...	1,270	...	...
Couples with children	10,765	...	...	1,630	...	...
1 child	4,060	...	...	520	...	...
2 children	4,095	...	...	730	...	...
3 or more children	2,605	...	...	380	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	3,790	...	...	255	...	...
1 child	2,290	...	...	150	...	...
2 children	1,110	...	...	85	...	...
3 or more children	390	...	...	20	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	11,900	5,570	6,330	780	445	340
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	34,995	...	...	3,675	...	...
One-census-family households	24,810	...	...	3,065	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	10,850	...	...	1,240	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	13,960	...	...	1,825	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	495	...	...	45	...	...
Non-census-family households	9,690	...	...	570	...	...
One-person households	8,840	...	...	515	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	850	...	...	60	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	87,945	43,280	44,665	11,940	6,070	5,870
English only	83,780	41,520	42,260	10,470	5,370	5,100
French only	5	5	5	10	5	0
English and French	3,545	1,490	2,050	1,385	655	730
Neither English nor French	615	270	350	80	45	35
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	87,940	43,275	44,665	11,940	6,070	5,870
English	86,570	42,650	43,925	11,255	5,735	5,520
French	720	345	370	610	295	310
English and French	55	25	25	10	5	10
Neither English nor French	600	260	340	70	35	30
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	745	360	390	610	295	315
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	0.8	0.8	0.9	5.1	4.9	5.4
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	87,945	43,275	44,665	11,940	6,070	5,870
Single responses	87,230	42,950	44,280	11,725	5,965	5,760
Official languages	75,820	37,385	38,430	9,660	4,940	4,715
English	75,000	36,990	38,010	9,020	4,630	4,385
French	820	395	425	640	315	330
Non-official languages	11,410	5,565	5,845	2,065	1,025	1,045
Aboriginal languages	5	5	0	10	0	5
Algonquian languages	5	0	0	5	5	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	5	0	5	5
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	5	5	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	5	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	0	0	5	5	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	5
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	11,405	5,560	5,845	2,055	1,020	1,040
Afro-Asiatic languages	145	70	75	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	5	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	145	70	80	0	0	5
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	100	50	50	5	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	5	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	50	25	25	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	240	115	120	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	150	70	80	0	0	0
Vietnamese	85	45	40	5	5	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	85	25	65	15	5	10
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	5	5	0	0	0	5
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	5	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	10	0	10	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	75	20	50	15	5	10
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	5	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	10	5	5	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	15	5	5	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	10,460	5,130	5,330	2,005	995	1,015
Albanian	70	35	35	0	0	0
Armenian	15	5	5	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	790	365	430	135	65	70
Baltic languages	35	20	20	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	35	15	20	0	0	0
Slavic languages	760	345	410	135	65	70
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	195	100	100	5	5	0
Czech	40	20	25	0	0	5
Macedonian	0	5	0	0	0	0
Polish	305	130	170	20	5	15
Russian	25	15	15	30	15	15
Serbian	25	10	15	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	5	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	35	20	20	5	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	15	10	5	0	0	0
Ukrainian	80	35	45	65	35	35
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	5	5	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	5	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	8,515	4,180	4,335	1,780	880	895
Afrikaans	20	10	10	5	5	0
Danish	25	15	15	0	5	0
Dutch	1,065	525	540	20	15	5
Frisian	20	10	10	0	0	0
German	7,230	3,535	3,695	1,750	860	885
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	5	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	5	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	135	80	55	0	5	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	20	15	10	0	0	0
Greek	50	30	20	0	5	0
Indo-Iranian languages	140	60	75	40	20	20
Indo-Aryan languages	120	55	65	40	20	20
Bengali	0	0	0	5	0	5
Gujarati	35	15	20	10	5	5
Hindi	10	5	10	5	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	45	20	30	20	15	10
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	5	0	0	0
Urdu	20	10	5	0	0	0
Iranian languages	15	5	10	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	20	5	10	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	880	450	425	50	25	25
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	205	110	95	10	5	5
Portuguese	330	180	150	15	5	5
Romanian	25	10	15	10	5	5
Spanish	315	150	165	25	10	10
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	15	5	5	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	65	25	35	5	5	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	10	10	0	0	0	5
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	5	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	5	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	5	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	20	15	5	5	0	5
American Sign Language	15	10	5	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	10	5	0	5	0	5
Sino-Tibetan languages	90	35	50	10	5	5
Chinese languages	85	30	50	10	10	5
Cantonese	40	15	25	5	5	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	40	15	20	5	0	5
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	0	0	5	5	5
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	5	5	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	5	5	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	30	15	15	5	0	0
Lao	20	10	10	5	0	0
Thai	10	5	5	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	5	5	5	5	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	10	5	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	210	90	115	10	5	5
Estonian	5	5	0	0	0	0
Finnish	15	0	10	0	0	0
Hungarian	190	85	105	5	5	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	710	325	390	215	105	110
English and French	130	55	70	45	25	25
English and non-official language	570	260	305	165	75	85
French and non-official language	10	10	0	0	5	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	5	0	0	0
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	87,940	43,280	44,665	11,940	6,075	5,870
Single responses	86,595	42,650	43,955	11,785	5,995	5,785
Official languages	82,260	40,550	41,710	10,190	5,215	4,975
English	82,120	40,485	41,635	10,015	5,135	4,885
French	135	60	75	175	80	90
Non-official languages	4,340	2,100	2,240	1,590	780	810
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	5	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	4,340	2,100	2,240	1,590	780	810
Afro-Asiatic languages	55	30	30	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	60	25	30	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	50	25	25	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	5	0	5	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	135	70	70	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	70	35	40	0	0	0
Vietnamese	65	30	30	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	20	10	10	10	5	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	20	10	10	5	5	5
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	5	0	5	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	5	0	5	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	3,940	1,895	2,050	1,570	770	805
Albanian	20	5	10	0	0	0
Armenian	5	5	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	230	100	130	30	15	10
Baltic languages	5	5	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	5	0	0	0
Slavic languages	225	100	130	30	15	15
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	10	0	5	0	0	0
Bulgarian	5	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	70	35	35	5	0	0
Czech	10	5	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	100	45	55	0	0	0
Russian	10	5	5	20	10	10
Serbian	10	5	5	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	10	0	5	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	10	5	5	5	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	3,335	1,625	1,705	1,485	730	755
Afrikaans	5	5	0	5	5	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	80	45	35	5	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	3,045	1,485	1,560	1,475	720	755
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	5	5	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	185	90	95	0	0	0
Greek	5	5	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	60	30	35	30	10	15
Indo-Aryan languages	50	25	25	30	10	10
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	15	5	10	5	0	5
Hindi	5	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	25	15	15	15	10	10
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	5	0	0	0	0
Urdu	5	5	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	10	0	5	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	5	0	5	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	295	135	160	40	15	20
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	35	15	20	5	0	0
Portuguese	115	50	65	0	0	0
Romanian	5	0	5	0	0	0
Spanish	135	60	70	35	15	20
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	5	5	5	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	45	20	25	5	5	5
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	5	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	5	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	35	25	10	5	5	0
American Sign Language	10	10	5	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	20	15	10	5	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	50	25	25	5	0	0
Chinese languages	40	25	25	5	5	0
Cantonese	25	10	15	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	20	10	10	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	5	5	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	10	5	5	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	5	5	0	0	0
Lao	5	5	0	0	0	0
Thai	5	5	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	5	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	30	10	15	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	25	10	15	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	1,345	630	710	160	75	85
English and French	60	25	35	30	15	15
English and non-official language	1,275	605	665	125	60	70
French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	10	5	5	0	0	0
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	87,945	43,275	44,665	11,940	6,070	5,870
None	81,480	40,205	41,275	10,415	5,340	5,080
English	1,940	930	1,010	970	470	500
French	620	260	360	295	140	155
Non-official language	3,845	1,860	1,990	250	115	130
Aboriginal	5	0	5	10	5	5
Non-Aboriginal	3,840	1,855	1,980	240	110	130
English and French	10	0	5	0	0	0
English and non-official language	15	5	10	5	5	0
French and non-official language	30	15	15	5	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	70,935	34,550	36,380	8,310	4,255	4,055
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	68,225	33,255	34,970	7,960	4,060	3,890
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	32,886	40,284	26,847	46,309	58,182	36,468
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	68,245	33,255	34,990	7,960	4,065	3,900
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	29,961	36,056	25,069	39,264	48,081	31,730
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	60,485	30,385	30,095	7,695	3,975	3,715
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	30,458	38,335	23,340	43,500	56,293	33,897
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	49,965	22,340	27,620	4,770	1,945	2,825
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,367	6,348	7,882	3,853	4,448	3,842
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	50,100	26,320	23,780	6,725	3,565	3,160
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	31,307	37,602	25,582	43,597	55,881	34,880
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	70,935	34,555	36,380	8,315	4,240	4,075
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	67,980	33,145	34,830	7,955	4,020	3,935
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	40,341	46,788	34,205	57,041	66,445	47,441
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	68,000	33,145	34,850	7,955	4,020	3,940
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	34,591	39,497	29,925	45,081	51,322	38,715
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	60,230	30,275	29,955	7,705	3,935	3,770
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	38,337	45,206	31,395	54,816	64,505	44,708
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	49,810	22,160	27,650	4,780	1,930	2,850
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	8,703	8,237	9,077	6,567	6,851	6,374
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	50,100	26,265	23,830	6,725	3,515	3,205
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	37,767	42,851	32,162	52,000	62,151	40,861
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	70,930	34,555	36,380	8,315	4,240	4,075
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	25,050	14,465	10,590	3,795	2,275	1,520
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	48,815	53,474	43,464	64,590	69,537	55,737
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	54,341	58,343	48,874	69,780	77,026	58,944
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	84.2	88.3	78.8	93.2	95.2	90.0
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	68.9	72.6	64.0	78.5	81.1	74.1
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	15.8	11.7	21.2	6.8	4.9	10.0
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	70,935	34,555	36,380	8,310	4,250	4,060
Without total income	2,710	1,300	1,405	350	190	165
With total income	68,230	33,255	34,970	7,960	4,065	3,895
Percentage with total income	96.2	96.2	96.1	95.8	95.6	95.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	8,975	3,535	5,440	820	305	515
$10,000 to $19,999	12,150	4,530	7,620	970	360	610
$20,000 to $29,999	10,460	4,375	6,085	835	340	500
$30,000 to $39,999	8,705	4,050	4,660	845	345	500
$40,000 to $49,999	7,990	4,235	3,750	800	390	410
$50,000 to $59,999	5,885	3,345	2,540	695	360	335
$60,000 to $69,999	4,170	2,595	1,575	670	370	300
$70,000 to $79,999	2,850	1,870	980	535	330	205
$80,000 to $89,999	1,990	1,290	700	455	280	175
$90,000 to $99,999	1,870	1,090	780	330	225	105
$100,000 and over	3,180	2,335	845	995	760	235
$100,000 to $149,999	2,490	1,825	660	690	510	180
$150,000 and over	690	510	185	305	255	55
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	70,935	34,555	36,380	8,310	4,255	4,060
Without after-tax income	2,690	1,300	1,390	350	190	155
With after-tax income	68,245	33,255	34,990	7,965	4,060	3,895
Percentage with after-tax income	96.2	96.2	96.2	95.8	95.4	95.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	9,270	3,615	5,655	885	320	565
$10,000 to $19,999	12,785	4,840	7,945	1,050	400	650
$20,000 to $29,999	12,115	5,120	7,000	1,045	425	620
$30,000 to $39,999	10,585	5,280	5,305	1,080	480	600
$40,000 to $49,999	8,600	4,785	3,810	985	515	470
$50,000 to $59,999	5,650	3,475	2,175	855	485	370
$60,000 to $69,999	3,400	2,225	1,175	730	460	275
$70,000 to $79,999	2,635	1,615	1,020	480	320	160
$80,000 and over	3,205	2,300	900	850	665	190
$80,000 to $89,999	1,370	955	415	285	215	65
$90,000 to $99,999	685	485	195	165	125	40
$100,000 and over	1,155	855	300	405	320	85
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	70,935	34,555	36,380	8,310	4,255	4,055
Without employment income	20,835	8,235	12,605	1,580	685	895
With employment income	50,095	26,320	23,780	6,725	3,565	3,160
Percentage with employment income	70.6	76.2	65.4	80.9	83.8	77.9
Under $5,000 (including loss)	8,195	4,190	3,995	715	335	380
$5,000 to $9,999	4,165	1,695	2,470	455	195	260
$10,000 to $19,999	6,435	2,775	3,665	725	320	400
$20,000 to $29,999	5,505	2,490	3,015	625	260	370
$30,000 to $39,999	5,670	2,670	3,000	620	260	360
$40,000 to $49,999	5,225	2,775	2,450	550	250	295
$50,000 to $59,999	4,145	2,490	1,660	575	295	285
$60,000 to $69,999	3,030	1,965	1,065	530	295	235
$70,000 to $79,999	2,135	1,440	695	445	280	165
$80,000 and over	5,595	3,840	1,760	1,485	1,080	405
$80,000 to $89,999	1,650	1,080	575	385	245	145
$90,000 to $99,999	1,600	950	655	285	195	95
$100,000 and over	2,345	1,810	535	805	645	160
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	34,995	...	...	3,675	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	66,494	...	...	109,483	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	59,283	...	...	89,639	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	8,840	...	...	510	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	31,370	...	...	43,520	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	28,689	...	...	37,504	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	26,155	...	...	3,165	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	80,327	...	...	119,532	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	71,154	...	...	97,984	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	34,995	...	...	3,680	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	78,364	...	...	123,342	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	67,215	...	...	97,523	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	8,855	...	...	495	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	38,163	...	...	54,708	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	32,797	...	...	44,136	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	26,140	...	...	3,180	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	91,985	...	...	134,044	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	78,877	...	...	105,848	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	34,995	...	...	3,680	...	...
Under $5,000	345	...	...	20	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	445	...	...	15	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	940	...	...	35	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,300	...	...	55	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,675	...	...	70	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,410	...	...	65	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,615	...	...	75	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,565	...	...	85	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,680	...	...	75	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,595	...	...	95	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,090	...	...	185	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,825	...	...	205	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,690	...	...	225	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,285	...	...	210	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,020	...	...	210	...	...
$100,000 and over	9,515	...	...	2,055	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	3,855	...	...	545	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,320	...	...	495	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	2,235	...	...	570	...	...
$200,000 and over	1,110	...	...	450	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	34,995	...	...	3,675	...	...
Under $5,000	385	...	...	30	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	450	...	...	15	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	960	...	...	40	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,375	...	...	60	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,860	...	...	80	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,560	...	...	75	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,820	...	...	105	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,905	...	...	95	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,945	...	...	100	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,920	...	...	130	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,570	...	...	275	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,310	...	...	255	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,960	...	...	290	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,450	...	...	300	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,005	...	...	280	...	...
$100,000 and over	6,525	...	...	1,545	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	3,265	...	...	645	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,700	...	...	410	...	...
$150,000 and over	1,560	...	...	485	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	25,565	...	...	3,130	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	80,321	...	...	119,296	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	71,153	...	...	97,792	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	10,655	...	...	1,215	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	72,485	...	...	100,096	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	64,558	...	...	81,248	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	10,870	...	...	1,635	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	101,613	...	...	141,385	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	88,283	...	...	113,818	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	4.1	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	3,525	...	...	230	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	48,896	...	...	70,042	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	45,426	...	...	60,800	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	25,550	...	...	3,145	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	92,051	...	...	133,868	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	78,882	...	...	105,627	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	10,640	...	...	1,240	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	85,559	...	...	112,426	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	72,812	...	...	87,030	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	10,885	...	...	1,625	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	110,801	...	...	152,706	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	94,620	...	...	121,123	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,525	...	...	230	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	55,878	...	...	124,707	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	49,996	...	...	102,526	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	10,560	4,995	5,565	635	365	265
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	30,009	33,974	27,467	41,301	47,904	34,272
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	27,648	30,552	25,860	35,456	39,712	30,400
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	10,575	5,045	5,530	620	325	300
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	36,935	39,606	34,501	52,004	58,562	44,803
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	31,855	33,447	30,405	42,228	46,805	37,203
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	87,605	43,135	44,470	10,455	5,340	5,110
In the bottom half of the distribution	48,325	23,185	25,135	3,105	1,580	1,525
In the bottom decile	7,655	3,630	4,025	375	210	165
In the second decile	9,935	4,530	5,405	460	215	245
In the third decile	10,900	5,220	5,685	590	300	285
In the fourth decile	10,090	4,935	5,160	675	330	340
In the fifth decile	9,745	4,880	4,860	1,005	525	480
In the top half of the distribution	39,285	19,945	19,335	7,350	3,755	3,590
In the sixth decile	9,690	4,900	4,790	1,235	620	610
In the seventh decile	9,125	4,600	4,525	1,335	685	650
In the eighth decile	8,485	4,350	4,135	1,625	830	800
In the ninth decile	7,295	3,705	3,590	1,665	850	815
In the top decile	4,690	2,400	2,290	1,485	770	715
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	87,605	43,135	44,470	10,450	5,340	5,110
0 to 17 years	20,115	10,320	9,795	2,600	1,330	1,270
0 to 5 years	6,250	3,235	3,010	780	425	355
18 to 64 years	52,245	25,695	26,550	6,625	3,375	3,250
65 years and over	15,245	7,120	8,120	1,230	640	590
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	12,515	5,795	6,715	640	340	300
0 to 17 years	3,785	1,965	1,820	190	105	85
0 to 5 years	1,340	685	655	60	35	30
18 to 64 years	6,785	3,110	3,675	335	185	155
65 years and over	1,945	730	1,220	115	55	65
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	14.3	13.4	15.1	6.1	6.4	5.9
0 to 17 years (%)	18.8	19.0	18.6	7.3	7.9	6.7
0 to 5 years (%)	21.4	21.2	21.8	7.7	8.2	8.5
18 to 64 years (%)	13.0	12.1	13.8	5.1	5.5	4.8
65 years and over (%)	12.8	10.3	15.0	9.3	8.6	11.0
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	5,010	2,415	2,595	155	85	65
0 to 17 years	1,330	690	645	35	25	15
0 to 5 years	465	230	230	5	5	0
18 to 64 years	3,430	1,605	1,825	105	55	45
65 years and over	250	125	125	20	10	5
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	5.7	5.6	5.8	1.5	1.6	1.3
0 to 17 years (%)	6.6	6.7	6.6	1.3	1.9	1.2
0 to 5 years (%)	7.4	7.1	7.6	0.6	1.2	0.0
18 to 64 years (%)	6.6	6.2	6.9	1.6	1.6	1.4
65 years and over (%)	1.6	1.8	1.5	1.6	1.6	0.8
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	87,605	43,135	44,470	10,455	5,340	5,115
Official languages	86,995	42,865	44,135	10,440	5,335	5,105
English	86,980	42,860	44,120	10,420	5,330	5,095
French	3,540	1,460	2,080	1,370	670	705
Non-official languages	12,875	6,175	6,705	860	405	460
Aboriginal languages	10	0	10	0	0	10
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	10
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	10	0	10	0	0	10
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	0	10	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	10	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	10	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	10	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	12,865	6,175	6,695	855	400	450
Afro-Asiatic languages	165	65	95	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	160	60	95	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	80	35	45	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	25	10	20	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	50	20	35	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	370	200	170	10	10	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	135	65	70	0	0	0
Vietnamese	240	135	100	10	10	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	115	35	85	30	10	25
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	10	10	10	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	105	25	80	30	10	20
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	15	0	0	10	0	10
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	0	10	10	0	10
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	10	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	10	10	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	11,560	5,530	6,030	715	345	370
Albanian	60	20	35	0	0	0
Armenian	15	0	15	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	855	425	430	115	60	50
Baltic languages	30	20	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	25	20	10	0	0	0
Slavic languages	830	400	425	115	65	50
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	245	130	115	10	0	0
Czech	75	40	30	0	0	10
Macedonian	15	0	10	0	0	0
Polish	330	155	175	25	10	15
Russian	45	15	25	10	0	10
Serbian	45	15	30	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	40	20	20	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	10	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	80	30	50	70	45	25
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	0	0	0
Celtic languages	15	10	10	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	10	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	8,850	4,195	4,655	480	250	230
Afrikaans	10	0	10	10	10	10
Danish	20	10	15	0	0	0
Dutch	1,120	530	590	0	0	10
Frisian	20	10	10	0	0	0
German	7,235	3,415	3,820	460	240	215
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Swedish	10	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	130	75	50	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	960	500	455	0	0	0
Greek	70	40	25	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	350	140	205	30	10	15
Indo-Aryan languages	315	135	180	30	10	15
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	95	40	55	0	0	0
Hindi	115	50	65	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	10	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	125	50	75	30	10	20
Sindhi	0	0	10	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	75	35	35	0	0	0
Iranian languages	35	10	30	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	35	10	25	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,945	1,090	850	110	35	80
Catalan	10	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	335	190	140	10	0	10
Portuguese	405	230	175	35	10	20
Romanian	60	25	35	0	0	0
Spanish	1,195	665	535	65	20	45
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	45	30	15	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	50	40	15	10	10	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	25	20	0	20	10	10
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	10	10	0	10	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	10	0	10
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	140	55	85	30	10	25
American Sign Language	60	25	40	10	0	10
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	75	30	50	20	0	20
Sino-Tibetan languages	125	80	50	20	10	10
Chinese languages	110	60	50	20	15	10
Cantonese	55	25	30	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	75	35	40	10	0	10
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	10	0	10	10	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	20	15	10	0	0	0
Burmese	10	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	20	15	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	30	15	15	10	10	10
Lao	15	10	10	0	0	0
Thai	25	15	10	10	10	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	20	15	10	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	20	20	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	265	120	145	10	10	10
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	20	10	10	0	0	0
Hungarian	245	110	135	0	10	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	87,605	43,135	44,470	10,455	5,340	5,115
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	85,610	42,185	43,420	10,225	5,255	4,975
Canadian citizens aged under 18	19,920	10,170	9,750	2,615	1,355	1,260
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	65,695	32,020	33,675	7,605	3,890	3,715
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	1,995	950	1,050	230	90	140
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	87,605	43,135	44,470	10,450	5,340	5,110
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	76,830	37,935	38,895	9,850	5,050	4,795
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	10,465	5,060	5,405	585	275	305
Before 1981	5,210	2,480	2,725	215	105	115
1981 to 1990	1,705	810	895	90	50	40
1991 to 2000	1,535	770	765	75	40	40
2001 to 2010	1,335	655	680	160	85	75
2001 to 2005	600	305	290	70	30	35
2006 to 2010	735	345	390	90	50	40
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	685	345	335	40	10	40
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	315	145	175	20	10	10
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	10,465	5,060	5,405	585	275	305
Under 5 years	1,855	940	910	65	40	20
5 to 14 years	2,925	1,510	1,405	175	100	80
15 to 24 years	2,580	1,105	1,470	125	45	85
25 to 44 years	2,620	1,260	1,360	165	70	90
45 years and over	485	235	255	55	30	30
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	10,460	5,060	5,405	585	275	310
Americas	4,820	2,285	2,535	140	50	95
Brazil	25	10	15	0	0	0
Colombia	75	30	45	0	0	0
El Salvador	15	10	10	10	10	0
Guyana	20	10	10	0	10	0
Haiti	10	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	100	50	50	10	10	0
Mexico	3,525	1,695	1,825	15	10	10
Peru	10	0	0	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	35	15	15	0	0	0
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	685	275	405	85	15	70
Other places of birth in Americas	335	195	140	20	10	10
Europe	4,645	2,310	2,330	310	165	150
Bosnia and Herzegovina	75	40	30	0	0	0
Croatia	120	65	60	10	0	10
France	25	10	10	40	20	25
Germany	335	155	185	95	50	45
Greece	30	15	15	0	0	0
Hungary	95	55	45	0	0	0
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	35	15	20	10	0	0
Italy	205	120	80	0	0	0
Netherlands	1,015	540	470	0	0	0
Poland	205	75	125	15	10	0
Portugal	265	145	120	15	0	10
Romania	115	35	80	0	0	0
Russian Federation	20	10	10	0	0	10
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	25	10	10	0	0	0
Ukraine	40	10	30	15	15	10
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	1,545	745	805	85	50	35
Other places of birth in Europe	500	260	240	15	15	0
Africa	135	70	70	30	15	15
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	20	0	15	0	0	0
Ethiopia	10	0	0	0	0	0
Kenya	0	0	0	10	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigeria	20	0	15	10	10	10
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	50	20	25	10	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	40	30	10	0	0	0
Asia	825	380	450	100	50	50
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	75	20	55	20	10	10
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	15	10	0	0	0	0
India	150	65	80	25	15	15
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	25	0	10	0	0	0
Iraq	30	20	10	0	0	0
Japan	10	0	10	0	10	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	10	0	10	0	0	0
Lebanon	45	25	20	0	0	0
Pakistan	35	20	15	0	0	0
Philippines	105	30	70	35	10	20
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	10	0	10	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	135	85	55	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	185	85	100	15	10	0
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	35	10	25	0	0	0
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	685	350	335	45	10	35
Americas	490	255	235	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Colombia	20	0	20	0	0	0
Cuba	10	0	10	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	10	10	0	0	0	0
Mexico	355	190	165	0	0	10
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	65	35	35	0	0	0
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	30	20	10	0	0	0
Europe	55	35	20	10	0	10
France	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germany	0	10	0	0	0	0
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukraine	10	0	0	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	20	15	10	15	10	10
Other places of birth in Europe	20	10	10	0	0	0
Africa	15	10	0	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	10	0	0	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	10	10	0	0	0	0
Asia	120	50	70	25	0	20
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	20	10	15	0	0	10
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	0	0	0	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	10	0	10	0	0	0
Iraq	15	10	0	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	0	0	10	0	0	0
Lebanon	15	10	10	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Philippines	20	0	15	15	0	15
Saudi Arabia	10	0	10	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	30	15	10	10	0	10
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	10	0	10	0	0	0
Australia	10	0	10	0	0	0
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	87,605	43,135	44,470	10,455	5,340	5,115
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	11,295	5,475	5,815	630	295	335
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	17,820	8,705	9,115	1,360	655	705
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	58,495	28,950	29,545	8,465	4,390	4,070
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	5,450	2,675	2,775	380	185	200
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	1,465	755	710	230	115	120
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	420	285	125	65	40	25
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	1,050	465	585	170	75	95
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	2,820	1,320	1,500	145	60	80
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	1,020	525	490	0	0	0
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	145	70	70	0	0	0
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	87,605	43,135	44,470	10,450	5,340	5,110
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	1,975	905	1,070	1,115	545	575
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	1,940	900	1,045	1,090	540	555
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	1,355	640	715	120	55	65
Métis	565	240	320	960	480	480
Inuk (Inuit)	25	15	0	15	0	10
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	0	0	0	25	10	20
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	30	10	20	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal identity	85,630	42,230	43,400	9,335	4,795	4,540
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	87,605	43,135	44,470	10,450	5,340	5,110
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	735	320	420	135	60	75
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	86,870	42,815	44,055	10,320	5,280	5,035
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	87,605	43,135	44,470	10,455	5,340	5,115
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	300	150	150	135	75	60
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	300	150	150	115	70	45
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	250	130	125	20	15	0
Métis single ancestry	40	15	30	90	50	35
Inuit single ancestry	10	10	0	10	10	0
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	0	0	0	20	10	15
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	0	0	0	15	10	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	10	0	10
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	2,825	1,270	1,550	1,250	630	615
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	2,780	1,245	1,535	1,190	615	575
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	2,190	990	1,200	225	120	105
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	580	255	330	960	490	470
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	15	0	15	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	40	25	15	60	20	35
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	30	20	15	50	20	30
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	10	10	0	0	0	0
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	10	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	84,485	41,715	42,765	9,075	4,630	4,445
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	87,605	43,135	44,470	10,455	5,340	5,110
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	2,585	1,240	1,345	305	165	140
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	360	165	200	55	30	25
Chinese	195	95	105	25	15	10
Black	610	325	290	65	45	20
Filipino	180	65	120	60	25	35
Latin American	320	165	155	20	10	10
Arab	90	40	50	10	0	0
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	485	250	240	20	10	10
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	30	15	20	0	0	0
Korean	35	20	20	10	10	0
Japanese	55	25	30	25	15	15
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	80	35	45	10	0	0
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	140	50	85	0	10	0
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	85,015	41,895	43,125	10,145	5,175	4,970
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	87,605	43,135	44,470	10,455	5,340	5,115
North American Aboriginal origins	3,120	1,420	1,700	1,380	705	670
First Nations (North American Indian)	2,485	1,145	1,340	315	160	150
Inuit	25	15	10	15	0	10
Métis	655	285	365	1,130	570	555
Other North American origins	30,505	15,105	15,400	3,195	1,645	1,545
Acadian	80	40	45	0	0	0
American	1,150	525	625	105	50	55
Canadian	29,785	14,770	15,015	3,105	1,605	1,505
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	90	40	50	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ontarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Québécois	40	15	30	0	0	0
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	0	0	0	0	0	0
European origins	69,635	34,135	35,495	8,910	4,510	4,400
British Isles origins	45,675	22,105	23,570	4,850	2,440	2,410
Channel Islander	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cornish	0	0	0	0	0	0
English	30,135	14,620	15,520	2,795	1,420	1,380
Irish	15,870	7,420	8,445	1,655	810	845
Manx	20	15	10	10	0	10
Scottish	19,980	9,670	10,305	2,480	1,195	1,285
Welsh	1,655	730	925	190	100	85
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	2,255	1,070	1,190	215	100	115
French origins	8,145	3,795	4,355	2,090	1,030	1,055
Alsatian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	0	0	0
Corsican	0	0	0	0	0	0
French	8,145	3,790	4,355	2,085	1,030	1,060
Western European origins (except French origins)	27,655	13,665	13,990	3,550	1,765	1,785
Austrian	330	135	190	80	40	45
Bavarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belgian	1,605	855	750	510	240	265
Dutch	9,920	4,965	4,955	720	355	370
Flemish	85	30	50	20	20	0
Frisian	50	15	30	0	0	0
German	17,685	8,615	9,070	2,560	1,305	1,260
Luxembourger	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss	655	330	325	150	65	90
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	10	0	10	0	0	0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	1,515	660	855	1,015	510	510
Danish	385	155	230	60	10	50
Finnish	175	65	110	40	20	20
Icelandic	65	20	40	305	145	155
Norwegian	435	215	220	400	230	170
Swedish	390	175	210	250	120	130
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	115	55	60	10	10	0
Eastern European origins	8,850	4,315	4,535	2,570	1,270	1,295
Bulgarian	65	40	25	0	0	0
Byelorussian	15	0	10	10	0	0
Czech	255	145	110	90	20	75
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	230	105	125	25	20	0
Estonian	30	15	15	0	0	0
Hungarian	1,795	885	910	55	25	25
Latvian	25	25	0	15	0	15
Lithuanian	320	170	150	0	0	10
Moldovan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	2,230	1,075	1,160	765	390	375
Romanian	590	300	290	35	15	20
Russian	2,305	1,100	1,210	575	290	285
Slovak	210	110	105	50	40	10
Ukrainian	1,685	850	840	1,490	745	745
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	15	0	15	10	10	0
Southern European origins	5,475	2,745	2,730	365	155	205
Albanian	65	25	40	0	0	0
Bosnian	35	30	0	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	545	295	250	10	0	10
Cypriot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	395	180	215	15	0	10
Italian	2,175	1,090	1,085	215	105	110
Kosovar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	20	10	15	0	0	0
Maltese	435	205	230	0	0	0
Montenegrin	10	10	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	1,035	575	465	60	20	35
Serbian	90	30	60	20	10	15
Sicilian	15	10	10	0	0	0
Slovenian	65	45	20	0	0	0
Spanish	530	220	310	45	10	35
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	335	160	170	0	10	0
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other European origins	295	145	155	60	30	30
Basque	0	0	0	10	0	0
Jewish	95	40	50	30	15	10
Roma (Gypsy)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	10	0	0	0	0	0
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	190	100	90	30	15	15
Caribbean origins	445	235	215	45	25	15
Antiguan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bahamian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Barbadian	40	20	15	0	0	0
Bermudan	20	10	10	0	0	0
Carib	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuban	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dominican	10	0	0	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	0	0	10	0	0	0
Jamaican	245	120	125	25	15	10
Kittitian/Nevisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Martinican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montserratan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	0	0	0	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	90	55	30	0	0	10
Vincentian/Grenadinian	0	10	0	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	70	15	55	0	0	0
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	20	10	10	15	10	0
Latin, Central and South American origins	3,005	1,465	1,540	65	25	40
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	10	0	0	0	0	0
Arawak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	20	15	10	0	0	0
Belizean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bolivian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Brazilian	35	20	20	0	0	0
Chilean	15	10	0	10	10	0
Colombian	125	40	90	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guatemalan	20	15	0	0	0	0
Guyanese	35	15	15	10	10	0
Hispanic	10	10	10	0	0	0
Honduran	40	25	15	0	0	0
Maya	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mexican	2,605	1,280	1,325	35	0	30
Nicaraguan	25	10	15	0	0	0
Panamanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Paraguayan	15	10	0	0	0	10
Peruvian	15	10	10	0	0	0
Salvadorean	30	15	20	15	10	10
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Venezuelan	45	0	40	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	15	0	10	0	0	0
African origins	485	240	250	50	20	25
Central and West African origins	55	35	20	25	20	0
Akan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Angolan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ashanti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burkinabe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congolese	0	10	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gabonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ibo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Liberian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malinké	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	50	30	20	30	20	10
Peulh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sierra Leonean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Togolese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	0	0	0	0	0	0
North African origins	75	35	45	0	0	0
Algerian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	65	30	30	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maure	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moroccan	10	0	0	0	0	0
Sudanese	10	0	10	0	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins	140	70	70	20	0	10
Afrikaner	10	0	0	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Djiboutian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	10	10	10
Mauritian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Seychellois	0	0	0	15	10	10
Somali	20	10	0	0	0	0
South African	85	35	50	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	10	10	0	0	0	0
Zambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	20	10	10	0	0	0
Zulu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other African origins	215	100	115	10	0	10
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	30	10	20	0	0	0
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	185	90	100	0	0	0
Asian origins	1,795	835	965	285	145	140
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	370	175	195	35	15	15
Afghan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	15	10	10	0	0	0
Armenian	65	25	45	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	10	0	0	0
Hazara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian	40	15	25	10	15	0
Iraqi	35	20	15	0	0	0
Israeli	0	0	0	10	0	0
Jordanian	0	10	0	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurd	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kuwaiti	15	10	10	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanese	160	85	75	0	10	10
Palestinian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saudi Arabian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syrian	0	0	10	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tatar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turk	40	20	15	0	0	0
Turkmen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uighur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Asian origins	395	180	210	80	45	40
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bhutanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
East Indian	325	155	170	75	40	35
Goan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistani	20	10	10	10	10	10
Punjabi	40	15	20	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	20	10	15	0	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins	1,040	480	565	170	80	85
Burmese	15	15	0	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	175	70	110	0	0	0
Chinese	265	120	145	25	15	10
Filipino	200	65	135	80	40	45
Hmong	10	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	15	0	10	0	0	0
Japanese	55	25	30	35	10	25
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	35	20	20	10	10	10
Laotian	40	20	20	10	0	0
Malaysian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwanese	10	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	10	10	10
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	275	155	125	10	10	0
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other Asian origins	10	0	10	0	0	0
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	10	10	10	0	0	0
Oceania origins	80	30	50	10	10	0
Australian	70	30	40	10	10	0
New Zealander	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins	10	0	10	0	0	0
Fijian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Hawaiian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maori	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Samoan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	34,995	...	...	3,675	...	...
Owner	26,400	...	...	3,405	...	...
Renter	8,595	...	...	275	...	...
Band housing	0	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	34,995	...	...	3,680	...	...
Condominium	760	...	...	115	...	...
Not condominium	34,235	...	...	3,565	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	34,995	...	...	3,680	...	...
No bedrooms	60	...	...	0	...	...
1 bedroom	2,800	...	...	100	...	...
2 bedrooms	7,660	...	...	425	...	...
3 bedrooms	15,155	...	...	1,605	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	9,320	...	...	1,550	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	34,995	...	...	3,675	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	4,805	...	...	220	...	...
5 rooms	4,420	...	...	435	...	...
6 rooms	5,820	...	...	635	...	...
7 rooms	5,800	...	...	540	...	...
8 or more rooms	14,150	...	...	1,850	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	7.1	...	...	7.7	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	34,995	...	...	3,675	...	...
One person or fewer per room	34,685	...	...	3,670	...	...
More than 1 person per room	310	...	...	15	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	34,995	...	...	3,680	...	...
Suitable	33,945	...	...	3,645	...	...
Not suitable	1,045	...	...	35	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	34,995	...	...	3,675	...	...
1960 or before	13,290	...	...	670	...	...
1961 to 1980	8,665	...	...	840	...	...
1981 to 1990	3,395	...	...	430	...	...
1991 to 2000	3,685	...	...	680	...	...
2001 to 2005	2,165	...	...	275	...	...
2006 to 2010	2,240	...	...	385	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	1,555	...	...	400	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	34,995	...	...	3,680	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	32,545	...	...	3,495	...	...
Major repairs needed	2,450	...	...	185	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	34,995	...	...	3,680	...	...
1 household maintainer	20,155	...	...	1,635	...	...
2 household maintainers	14,360	...	...	2,015	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	475	...	...	30	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	34,995	...	...	3,675	...	...
15 to 24 years	805	...	...	30	...	...
25 to 34 years	4,185	...	...	445	...	...
35 to 44 years	5,670	...	...	720	...	...
45 to 54 years	7,045	...	...	900	...	...
55 to 64 years	7,345	...	...	795	...	...
65 to 74 years	5,855	...	...	525	...	...
75 to 84 years	2,995	...	...	185	...	...
85 years and over	1,085	...	...	65	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	33,825	...	...	3,430	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	26,740	...	...	3,075	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	7,085	...	...	355	...	...
30% to less than 100%	6,400	...	...	320	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	25,345	...	...	3,175	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	62.8	...	...	67.4	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	14.0	...	...	8.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,066	...	...	1,301	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,137	...	...	1,393	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	224,783	...	...	379,128	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	258,635	...	...	418,932	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	8,505	...	...	265	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	15.9	...	...	0.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	41.6	...	...	28.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	774	...	...	719	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	815	...	...	787	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	70,935	34,555	36,380	8,315	4,240	4,075
No certificate, diploma or degree	17,830	9,290	8,545	1,325	760	560
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	20,820	10,405	10,420	2,375	1,175	1,205
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	32,285	14,865	17,420	4,610	2,300	2,315
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	5,570	4,060	1,510	840	675	165
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	2,620	1,595	1,030	350	225	120
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	2,950	2,465	480	490	450	40
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	18,450	7,490	10,955	1,600	685	915
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	955	400	555	445	210	235
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	7,310	2,915	4,400	1,730	730	1,005
Bachelor's degree	5,505	2,130	3,375	1,295	555	740
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	565	220	345	160	60	100
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	145	95	50	25	15	0
Master's degree	1,020	420	595	220	85	135
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	80	45	35	25	10	10
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	45,255	21,990	23,265	5,735	2,875	2,865
No certificate, diploma or degree	7,675	4,250	3,430	445	300	150
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	13,125	6,840	6,285	1,565	790	785
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	24,450	10,905	13,545	3,725	1,785	1,935
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	3,680	2,720	960	655	510	150
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	1,720	1,060	660	255	155	100
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	1,960	1,665	300	395	355	45
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	14,535	5,850	8,690	1,270	560	710
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	655	295	360	340	155	180
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	5,580	2,040	3,540	1,455	565	895
Bachelor's degree	4,230	1,525	2,705	1,095	425	670
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	425	150	280	125	45	80
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	95	45	45	20	10	10
Master's degree	770	290	480	195	70	125
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	55	30	25	25	15	10
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	70,930	34,555	36,380	8,315	4,235	4,075
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	38,650	19,685	18,960	3,695	1,935	1,760
Education	1,950	520	1,430	370	85	280
13. Education	1,950	525	1,425	370	85	285
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	855	295	560	70	20	50
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	195	135	55	10	15	0
50. Visual and performing arts	665	160	505	60	10	50
Humanities	1,195	450	745	165	55	105
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	25	0	25	10	0	10
23. English language and literature/letters	260	65	195	35	20	10
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	280	80	200	75	20	55
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	20	10	10	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	90	50	45	10	10	10
39. Theology and religious vocations	185	125	60	20	0	20
54. History	255	120	140	10	0	10
55. French language and literature/letters	75	10	65	10	0	10
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,110	745	2,365	355	110	245
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	25	0	30	10	0	10
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	155	55	100	30	0	25
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,075	75	1,005	65	0	65
22. Legal professions and studies	450	85	370	55	15	40
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	45	10	35	10	10	0
42. Psychology	460	155	310	50	10	40
45. Social sciences	900	380	520	140	80	60
Business, management and public administration	5,335	1,660	3,675	895	360	540
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	10	0	10	0	10
44. Public administration and social service professions	525	95	430	90	20	70
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	4,795	1,560	3,235	805	340	470
Physical and life sciences and technologies	575	250	325	155	85	70
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	255	105	150	50	30	20
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	125	45	85	65	40	25
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	10	0	10	15	0	15
40. Physical sciences	110	80	25	15	10	10
41. Science technologies/technicians	80	15	65	10	10	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	765	490	280	110	55	55
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	615	415	205	105	60	50
25. Library science	40	0	40	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	100	65	35	0	0	10
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	10	10	0	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	7,535	7,105	430	1,015	975	40
04. Architecture and related services	165	110	55	20	15	0
14. Engineering	440	370	70	85	80	10
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	1,840	1,670	170	195	180	15
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	1,400	1,365	35	245	250	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,200	2,165	35	370	365	10
48. Precision production	1,490	1,425	65	95	90	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,295	970	330	415	335	80
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	1,040	790	255	395	315	80
03. Natural resources and conservation	250	180	75	15	20	0
Health and related fields	6,885	1,015	5,870	785	75	710
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	420	195	230	40	0	40
51. Health professions and related programs	6,430	800	5,630	735	70	665
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	30	25	10	10	10	10
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,770	1,360	1,405	280	155	130
12. Personal and culinary services	1,345	260	1,085	140	30	110
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	10	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	880	590	295	90	70	20
49. Transportation and materials moving	525	500	25	55	55	0
Other	10	0	10	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	10	0	10	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	45,255	21,995	23,265	5,735	2,875	2,865
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	20,805	11,090	9,720	2,015	1,085	925
Education	1,265	340	930	280	60	220
13. Education	1,270	345	925	280	60	220
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	650	195	460	55	10	45
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	125	80	45	10	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	525	115	410	45	0	45
Humanities	810	300	510	110	35	75
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	15	0	15	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	175	45	130	25	10	15
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	185	50	135	55	15	40
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	15	0	10	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	55	20	35	10	10	10
39. Theology and religious vocations	115	75	45	15	0	10
54. History	195	95	100	10	0	10
55. French language and literature/letters	50	10	40	10	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,515	510	2,005	295	80	210
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	25	0	30	10	0	10
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	125	35	95	25	0	25
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	905	40	865	50	0	50
22. Legal professions and studies	405	55	350	55	15	40
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	25	10	20	10	0	10
42. Psychology	340	105	235	30	0	30
45. Social sciences	680	270	410	115	60	55
Business, management and public administration	4,070	1,150	2,920	755	295	455
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	10	0	0	10
44. Public administration and social service professions	445	80	370	90	20	70
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	3,615	1,065	2,550	665	275	385
Physical and life sciences and technologies	470	185	280	120	55	65
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	215	90	120	45	30	20
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	100	25	75	50	25	20
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	10	0	10	10	0	10
40. Physical sciences	80	60	20	15	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	70	15	55	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	610	395	220	105	50	50
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	530	355	175	105	50	50
25. Library science	15	0	15	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	65	35	30	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	10	10	0	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	5,755	5,410	345	810	780	30
04. Architecture and related services	130	90	40	0	0	0
14. Engineering	315	260	55	80	70	10
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	1,505	1,355	145	160	150	10
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	1,045	1,015	25	190	185	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,605	1,575	30	305	295	10
48. Precision production	1,160	1,110	50	80	75	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	935	675	260	320	260	65
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	750	535	215	305	240	65
03. Natural resources and conservation	180	140	45	20	15	0
Health and related fields	5,245	710	4,535	650	55	600
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	345	155	185	40	0	40
51. Health professions and related programs	4,885	545	4,340	600	50	555
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	15	10	10	10	10	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,120	1,040	1,080	220	100	115
12. Personal and culinary services	1,000	195	810	110	0	100
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	0	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	695	455	245	70	50	20
49. Transportation and materials moving	405	385	20	40	40	0
Other	10	0	10	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	10	0	10	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	70,930	34,555	36,380	8,315	4,240	4,075
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	38,650	19,690	18,960	3,700	1,935	1,760
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	32,285	14,865	17,420	4,615	2,300	2,315
Location of study inside Canada	30,535	13,985	16,550	4,420	2,215	2,205
Same as province or territory of residence	29,335	13,465	15,865	3,880	1,900	1,980
Different than province or territory of residence	1,205	520	680	535	310	225
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	1,750	875	870	200	85	115
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	495	240	255	75	40	40
Philippines	55	10	45	15	0	10
India	60	30	30	10	10	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	375	240	135	20	15	10
China^{Census data footnote 162}	10	10	0	15	10	10
France	0	0	0	10	0	0
Other	745	350	395	50	20	35
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	45,255	21,990	23,265	5,735	2,875	2,865
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	20,810	11,090	9,715	2,015	1,085	930
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	24,445	10,905	13,550	3,725	1,790	1,935
Location of study inside Canada	23,395	10,430	12,960	3,555	1,720	1,835
Same as province or territory of residence	22,600	10,095	12,500	3,115	1,465	1,650
Different than province or territory of residence	800	335	465	440	255	190
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	1,055	470	585	165	65	100
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	340	155	185	60	30	40
Philippines	55	10	40	15	0	15
India	40	20	20	0	10	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	175	95	80	15	10	10
China^{Census data footnote 162}	10	0	10	15	10	10
France	0	0	0	10	10	0
Other	435	180	245	45	20	30
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	70,935	34,555	36,380	8,315	4,235	4,075
In the labour force	44,950	23,745	21,205	6,120	3,275	2,850
Employed	42,095	22,270	19,825	5,855	3,105	2,750
Unemployed	2,850	1,470	1,380	270	165	100
Not in the labour force	25,985	10,810	15,175	2,195	965	1,225
Participation rate	63.4	68.7	58.3	73.6	77.3	69.9
Employment rate	59.3	64.4	54.5	70.4	73.3	67.5
Unemployment rate	6.3	6.2	6.5	4.4	5.0	3.5
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	70,930	34,550	36,380	8,310	4,235	4,075
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	24,240	10,150	14,090	1,795	785	1,005
Worked	46,695	24,405	22,290	6,520	3,455	3,070
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	25,640	14,840	10,805	3,905	2,355	1,550
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	21,055	9,565	11,490	2,615	1,095	1,515
Average weeks worked in reference year	43.5	44.2	42.8	44.7	45.1	44.2
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	44,950	23,745	21,205	6,120	3,275	2,850
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	830	395	435	35	30	10
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	44,120	23,350	20,770	6,090	3,245	2,845
Employee	38,715	19,940	18,775	5,100	2,620	2,480
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	5,405	3,410	1,990	985	625	365
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	44,945	23,745	21,200	6,120	3,270	2,850
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	830	400	430	30	25	10
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	44,120	23,345	20,770	6,090	3,245	2,840
0 Management occupations	4,375	2,840	1,530	1,070	725	340
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	5,630	1,390	4,240	880	220	660
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	1,600	1,260	340	360	295	65
3 Health occupations	3,150	445	2,705	430	45	385
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	4,185	1,180	3,010	850	305	545
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	720	295	425	100	35	65
6 Sales and service occupations	9,375	3,370	6,010	990	350	640
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	8,890	8,270	620	995	950	45
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,810	1,175	635	245	185	60
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	4,380	3,120	1,265	170	140	25
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	44,945	23,745	21,205	6,120	3,270	2,845
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	830	395	430	30	25	10
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	44,120	23,350	20,770	6,090	3,250	2,840
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	2,775	1,770	1,010	600	435	165
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	70	60	10	20	20	0
22 Utilities	290	205	90	100	70	25
23 Construction	3,635	3,270	365	565	515	50
31-33 Manufacturing	7,560	5,570	1,985	400	310	85
41 Wholesale trade	1,340	940	400	340	270	70
44-45 Retail trade	4,540	1,935	2,605	485	230	260
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,710	2,120	590	270	210	60
51 Information and cultural industries	530	295	240	65	45	25
52 Finance and insurance	1,200	425	780	225	90	135
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	590	325	265	50	40	15
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	1,580	725	855	280	120	160
55 Management of companies and enterprises	25	15	15	0	0	10
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,140	1,180	955	170	110	65
61 Educational services	2,470	660	1,810	560	155	405
62 Health care and social assistance	5,480	730	4,745	650	75	575
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	685	315	370	155	55	100
72 Accommodation and food services	2,700	785	1,915	270	55	215
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,090	1,135	960	320	160	155
91 Public administration	1,705	895	815	555	285	270
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	42,095	22,275	19,825	5,850	3,105	2,750
Worked at home	3,495	1,885	1,610	755	460	295
Worked outside Canada	140	110	35	10	10	0
No fixed workplace address	5,215	3,940	1,275	625	515	110
Worked at usual place	33,250	16,340	16,910	4,465	2,125	2,340
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	33,245	16,335	16,910	4,465	2,125	2,340
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	11,405	4,900	6,510	775	325	445
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	7,550	3,715	3,835	145	55	85
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	14,235	7,695	6,540	3,530	1,715	1,810
Commute to a different province or territory	50	30	25	20	20	0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	38,460	20,280	18,185	5,090	2,640	2,455
Car, truck, van - as a driver	33,045	17,625	15,425	4,655	2,450	2,205
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	2,750	1,340	1,410	180	50	125
Public transit	235	60	170	55	40	15
Walked	1,765	810	950	145	55	95
Bicycle	315	245	75	20	15	0
Other method	355	195	160	30	25	10
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	38,460	20,275	18,185	5,090	2,640	2,455
Less than 15 minutes	14,190	6,515	7,680	875	455	415
15 to 29 minutes	11,365	5,940	5,430	1,595	795	805
30 to 44 minutes	8,015	4,555	3,455	1,630	860	765
45 to 59 minutes	2,945	1,755	1,195	735	385	350
60 minutes and over	1,940	1,515	425	260	145	125
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	38,460	20,275	18,185	5,090	2,640	2,450
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	3,335	2,325	1,010	250	165	80
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	9,070	5,895	3,175	1,210	775	435
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	9,695	4,740	4,950	1,750	940	805
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	6,190	2,185	4,000	1,085	465	620
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	2,940	1,000	1,935	335	95	245
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	7,240	4,125	3,115	465	200	270
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	48,165	25,110	23,055	6,645	3,510	3,135
Single responses	47,990	25,035	22,950	6,605	3,495	3,110
Official languages	47,575	24,805	22,770	6,580	3,480	3,095
English	47,450	24,780	22,670	6,500	3,455	3,040
French	125	25	100	85	25	60
Non-official languages	415	235	180	25	10	15
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	415	235	185	25	10	10
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	10	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	10	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	395	230	165	15	0	10
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	375	220	155	15	0	10
Afrikaans	0	0	0	10	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	15	0	10	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	280	150	130	10	0	10
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	80	60	20	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	20	10	10	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	10	0	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	15	10	10	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
American Sign Language	10	0	10	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	10	10	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages	10	0	10	0	0	0
Cantonese	0	0	10	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0	0	10
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	175	70	105	40	15	25
English and French	65	15	50	40	10	25
English and non-official language	100	55	45	0	0	0
French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	10	0	0	0	0	0
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	48,165	25,110	23,055	6,645	3,505	3,140
None	46,570	24,290	22,285	6,365	3,375	2,995
English	340	160	175	65	25	45
French	275	120	160	160	85	75
Non-official language	965	530	435	50	30	20
Aboriginal	0	0	0	0	0	10
Non-Aboriginal	960	530	430	45	25	15
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	10	10	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	86,585	42,605	43,980	10,350	5,300	5,050
Non-movers	76,465	37,650	38,810	9,625	4,955	4,665
Movers	10,125	4,955	5,170	730	345	385
Non-migrants	4,835	2,275	2,560	275	130	145
Migrants	5,290	2,680	2,605	450	215	240
Internal migrants	4,950	2,485	2,465	440	205	230
Intraprovincial migrants	4,590	2,300	2,290	355	145	210
Interprovincial migrants	355	185	170	85	60	25
External migrants	340	195	145	15	10	10
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	82,505	40,520	41,985	9,815	4,970	4,845
Non-movers	53,290	26,460	26,825	6,975	3,610	3,365
Movers	29,215	14,055	15,160	2,835	1,355	1,480
Non-migrants	14,350	6,775	7,575	815	390	425
Migrants	14,865	7,285	7,580	2,020	965	1,055
Internal migrants	14,030	6,905	7,125	1,980	960	1,025
Intraprovincial migrants	13,220	6,485	6,735	1,735	820	910
Interprovincial migrants	815	420	395	245	135	110
External migrants	835	380	455	40	10	30

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Elgin, CTY [Census division], Ontario and Division No. 10, CDR [Census division], Manitoba (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 12, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Elgin, County [Census division], Ontario and Division No. 10, Census division [Census division], Manitoba

Census Profile, 2016 Census Elgin, County [Census division], Ontario and Division No. 10, Census division [Census division], Manitoba

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How to cite

Census Profile, 2016 Census
Elgin, County [Census division], Ontario and Division No. 10, Census division [Census division], Manitoba