Census Profile, 2016 Census
Greater Sudbury, Census division [Census division], Ontario and Saint-Césaire [Population centre], Quebec

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Greater Sudbury, CDR Ontario [Census division]			Saint-Césaire Quebec [Population centre]
	Data quality , Greater Sudbury, Census division [Census division], Ontario Map : Greater Sudbury, Census division [Census division], Ontario Change geography 1			Data quality : Saint-Césaire [Population centre], Quebec Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	161,647	...	...	3,815	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	160,376	...	...	3,522^r	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	0.8	...	...	8.3	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	75,103	...	...	1,691	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	69,200	...	...	1,663	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	49.9	...	...	1,622.2	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	3,239.02	...	...	2.35	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	161,650	79,010	82,640	3,815	1,870	1,950
0 to 14 years	25,095	12,875	12,215	720	360	360
0 to 4 years	8,155	4,215	3,945	250	120	125
5 to 9 years	8,630	4,450	4,175	270	125	145
10 to 14 years	8,315	4,215	4,095	195	115	85
15 to 64 years	106,875	52,865	54,010	2,495	1,245	1,250
15 to 19 years	9,280	4,730	4,550	185	90	100
20 to 24 years	10,435	5,365	5,065	250	120	125
25 to 29 years	9,955	4,955	4,995	235	120	115
30 to 34 years	9,810	4,885	4,925	260	130	135
35 to 39 years	9,800	4,775	5,030	315	170	150
40 to 44 years	10,025	5,010	5,015	220	100	115
45 to 49 years	10,605	5,280	5,325	195	105	90
50 to 54 years	13,300	6,540	6,760	300	145	155
55 to 59 years	12,730	6,105	6,625	290	155	130
60 to 64 years	10,945	5,215	5,725	250	115	130
65 years and over	29,675	13,265	16,410	605	265	340
65 to 69 years	9,435	4,670	4,765	180	80	100
70 to 74 years	7,000	3,260	3,740	145	70	75
75 to 79 years	5,330	2,390	2,935	85	40	45
80 to 84 years	4,075	1,655	2,420	85	40	40
85 years and over	3,835	1,285	2,550	110	35	75
85 to 89 years	2,510	930	1,580	60	10	45
90 to 94 years	1,060	295	765	40	15	20
95 to 99 years	250	65	190	10	0	10
100 years and over	20	5	15	0	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	15.5	16.3	14.8	18.9	19.3	18.5
15 to 64 years	66.1	66.9	65.4	65.4	66.6	64.1
65 years and over	18.4	16.8	19.9	15.9	14.2	17.4
85 years and over	2.4	1.6	3.1	2.9	1.9	3.8
Average age of the population	42.2	41.1	43.3	40.1	39.4	40.7
Median age of the population	43.3	41.9	44.5	39.2	38.6	39.7
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	69,200	...	...	1,665	...	...
Single-detached house	42,625	...	...	755	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	4,455	...	...	0	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	21,620	...	...	910	...	...
Semi-detached house	3,235	...	...	70	...	...
Row house	2,870	...	...	10	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	4,210	...	...	175	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	11,150	...	...	635	...	...
Other single-attached house	160	...	...	25	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	505	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	69,200	...	...	1,660	...	...
1 person	20,500	...	...	585	...	...
2 persons	25,570	...	...	570	...	...
3 persons	10,440	...	...	205	...	...
4 persons	8,985	...	...	205	...	...
5 or more persons	3,705	...	...	95	...	...
Number of persons in private households	158,780	...	...	3,685	...	...
Average household size	2.3	...	...	2.2	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	136,555	66,130	70,425	3,100	1,510	1,590
Married or living common law	78,490	39,205	39,285	1,700	850	850
Married	61,870	30,905	30,960	800	400	405
Living common law	16,620	8,295	8,325	900	455	445
Not married and not living common law	58,065	26,930	31,135	1,405	665	740
Never married	35,720	19,500	16,215	910	480	425
Separated	4,670	2,085	2,580	35	15	25
Divorced	7,865	3,380	4,485	260	120	140
Widowed	9,805	1,960	7,850	200	45	155
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	46,925	...	...	1,035	...	...
2 persons	25,765	...	...	560	...	...
3 persons	10,000	...	...	195	...	...
4 persons	8,385	...	...	200	...	...
5 or more persons	2,775	...	...	75	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	46,925	...	...	1,035	...	...
Total couple families	38,675	...	...	830	...	...
Married couples	30,365	...	...	380	...	...
Common-law couples	8,310	...	...	445	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	8,250	...	...	210	...	...
Female parent	6,375	...	...	155	...	...
Male parent	1,880	...	...	55	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	38,675	...	...	830	...	...
Couples without children	20,575	...	...	425	...	...
Couples with children	18,095	...	...	405	...	...
1 child	7,680	...	...	145	...	...
2 children	7,790	...	...	185	...	...
3 or more children	2,620	...	...	75	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	8,250	...	...	210	...	...
1 child	5,195	...	...	135	...	...
2 children	2,315	...	...	55	...	...
3 or more children	745	...	...	20	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	29,095	13,865	15,230	745	405	345
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	69,200	...	...	1,660	...	...
One-census-family households	45,220	...	...	1,000	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	19,845	...	...	405	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	25,375	...	...	595	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	845	...	...	20	...	...
Non-census-family households	23,135	...	...	640	...	...
One-person households	20,500	...	...	585	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	2,635	...	...	55	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	159,860	78,315	81,545	3,695	1,830	1,865
English only	96,305	48,980	47,325	5	0	5
French only	1,300	545	755	2,745	1,300	1,440
English and French	61,865	28,645	33,215	940	520	425
Neither English nor French	395	145	250	0	0	0
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	159,855	78,315	81,545	3,695	1,830	1,870
English	118,150	58,775	59,375	40	15	25
French	40,500	19,000	21,500	3,645	1,805	1,840
English and French	850	405	440	10	5	5
Neither English nor French	360	125	235	5	0	0
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	40,925	19,205	21,720	45	20	25
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	25.6	24.5	26.6	1.2	1.1	1.3
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	159,855	78,315	81,545	3,695	1,825	1,865
Single responses	156,180	76,585	79,595	3,670	1,810	1,855
Official languages	146,310	71,970	74,345	3,635	1,795	1,835
English	105,355	52,710	52,645	35	10	20
French	40,955	19,260	21,695	3,600	1,780	1,820
Non-official languages	9,860	4,610	5,250	35	15	20
Aboriginal languages	230	90	135	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	220	90	130	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	60	25	30	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	5	5	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	5	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	10	5	10	0	0	0
Woods Cree	5	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	35	15	20	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	160	65	100	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	155	55	95	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	5	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	9,635	4,520	5,115	30	15	15
Afro-Asiatic languages	450	260	190	0	0	0
Berber languages	15	5	10	0	0	0
Kabyle	10	5	5	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	5	5	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	5	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	430	245	185	5	5	0
Amharic	5	5	5	0	0	0
Arabic	415	240	175	5	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	5	0	5	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	5	0	5	0	0	0
Maltese	5	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	5	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	125	65	70	5	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	0	5	0	0	0
Vietnamese	120	60	60	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	220	75	145	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	10	5	5	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	5	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	20	5	10	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	15	0	15	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	165	55	110	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	0	0	0
Creole languages	10	5	5	5	0	0
Haitian Creole	5	0	0	5	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	115	55	55	0	0	0
Kannada	5	5	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	35	10	25	0	0	0
Tamil	35	20	15	0	0	0
Telugu	40	20	20	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	6,290	2,965	3,325	20	5	10
Albanian	5	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	10	5	5	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,560	675	890	0	0	0
Baltic languages	75	40	35	0	0	0
Latvian	30	15	15	0	0	0
Lithuanian	45	20	25	0	0	0
Slavic languages	1,485	635	850	5	5	0
Belarusan	5	5	5	0	0	0
Bosnian	5	5	0	5	0	0
Bulgarian	10	5	5	0	0	0
Croatian	220	100	120	0	0	0
Czech	55	35	20	0	0	0
Macedonian	5	5	0	0	0	0
Polish	450	180	265	0	0	0
Russian	115	45	70	0	0	0
Serbian	90	45	40	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	5	5	5	0	0	0
Slovak	40	15	25	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	40	15	25	0	0	0
Ukrainian	450	175	275	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	10	5	5	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	5	0	5	0	0	0
Welsh	5	5	5	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0	0	0
Germanic languages	860	390	465	5	5	0
Afrikaans	20	10	10	0	0	0
Danish	30	10	15	0	0	0
Dutch	120	60	55	0	0	0
Frisian	5	0	0	0	0	0
German	665	290	375	5	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	5	0	5	0	0	0
Swedish	20	10	5	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	0	5	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	135	65	65	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	710	375	335	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	640	340	300	0	0	0
Bengali	30	20	15	0	0	0
Gujarati	155	90	65	0	0	0
Hindi	115	55	60	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	5	5	5	0	0	0
Nepali	35	20	15	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	110	60	55	0	0	0
Sindhi	15	5	5	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	20	10	10	0	0	0
Urdu	150	80	70	0	0	0
Iranian languages	60	35	30	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	10	5	5	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	55	30	25	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,995	1,445	1,550	15	5	10
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	2,390	1,140	1,245	0	0	0
Portuguese	215	115	105	5	0	0
Romanian	35	20	15	0	0	0
Spanish	345	160	180	10	5	10
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	15	5	5	0	0	0
Japanese	25	10	15	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	75	40	35	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	5	0	5	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	175	90	85	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	15	5	10	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	5	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	10	0	5	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	5	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	5	0	5	0	0	0
Lingala	20	5	10	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	15	5	5	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	25	10	15	0	0	0
Shona	15	5	10	0	0	0
Swahili	25	15	5	0	0	0
Wolof	5	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	5	0	5	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	45	25	15	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	35	10	20	5	5	5
American Sign Language	15	5	10	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	25	10	15	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	685	340	345	5	0	5
Chinese languages	680	335	345	5	0	5
Cantonese	240	110	130	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	375	180	190	5	0	5
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	0	5	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	5	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	60	35	25	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	5	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	5	5	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	20	5	15	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	5	0	0	0
Thai	20	0	20	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	25	15	5	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	5	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	25	20	5	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	1,375	590	785	0	0	0
Estonian	35	15	15	0	0	0
Finnish	1,250	525	725	0	0	0
Hungarian	90	45	45	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0	0	0
Multiple responses	3,680	1,730	1,950	25	20	10
English and French	2,795	1,305	1,490	15	10	10
English and non-official language	745	360	385	0	0	0
French and non-official language	90	45	45	10	5	5
English, French and non-official language	50	20	30	0	5	0
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	159,860	78,310	81,545	3,695	1,825	1,865
Single responses	155,525	76,335	79,185	3,665	1,810	1,855
Official languages	152,265	74,835	77,435	3,655	1,805	1,850
English	131,545	65,350	66,190	25	15	10
French	20,725	9,485	11,240	3,635	1,795	1,835
Non-official languages	3,255	1,500	1,755	10	0	5
Aboriginal languages	50	20	30	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	50	20	30	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	15	10	10	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	5	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	15	5	5	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	35	15	15	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	35	15	20	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	5	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	3,205	1,475	1,730	10	5	5
Afro-Asiatic languages	250	145	100	0	0	0
Berber languages	15	10	10	0	0	0
Kabyle	10	5	10	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	235	145	95	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	235	140	95	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	100	55	50	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	105	55	45	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	80	35	45	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	80	30	50	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	5	5	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	50	15	35	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	20	5	15	0	0	0
Tamil	15	10	10	0	0	0
Telugu	15	5	10	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	1,865	835	1,035	5	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	5	5	5	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	360	145	210	0	0	0
Baltic languages	15	5	5	0	0	0
Latvian	5	0	5	0	0	0
Lithuanian	5	5	5	0	0	0
Slavic languages	345	140	205	0	0	0
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	5	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	70	30	45	0	0	0
Czech	15	5	5	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	100	45	60	0	0	0
Russian	50	25	25	0	0	0
Serbian	15	10	10	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	5	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	5	5	0	0	0
Ukrainian	75	25	50	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	5	5	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	85	40	45	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	10	5	5	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	70	35	35	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	5	5	5	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	65	35	35	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	405	215	190	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	365	195	170	0	0	0
Bengali	10	10	5	0	0	0
Gujarati	100	55	40	0	0	0
Hindi	70	35	35	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	5	5	5	0	0	0
Nepali	25	15	10	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	5	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	70	30	35	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	5	5	0	0	0
Urdu	80	40	40	0	0	0
Iranian languages	35	20	15	0	0	0
Kurdish	5	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	5	5	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	30	20	10	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	940	390	545	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	700	275	425	0	0	0
Portuguese	95	50	40	0	0	0
Romanian	10	5	5	0	0	0
Spanish	140	65	70	5	0	5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0	0	0
Japanese	5	0	0	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	45	30	20	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	25	10	10	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	5	5	0	0	0
Shona	0	5	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	5	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	5	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	50	25	25	0	0	0
American Sign Language	15	10	5	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	5	0	5	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	35	15	20	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	405	205	200	5	0	5
Chinese languages	405	205	200	5	5	5
Cantonese	120	55	65	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	240	125	120	10	5	5
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	40	20	15	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	15	5	5	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	10	0	10	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	5	0	5	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	300	110	190	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	5	0	0	0
Finnish	280	105	180	0	0	0
Hungarian	15	10	10	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	4,335	1,975	2,360	30	15	15
English and French	2,665	1,175	1,495	20	10	10
English and non-official language	1,525	745	780	0	0	0
French and non-official language	65	30	40	10	5	0
English, French and non-official language	75	35	40	0	0	0
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	159,860	78,310	81,545	3,690	1,825	1,865
None	125,335	62,610	62,725	3,540	1,745	1,795
English	13,345	6,135	7,210	115	55	55
French	17,270	7,810	9,455	20	10	10
Non-official language	3,660	1,640	2,015	15	10	5
Aboriginal	295	115	180	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	3,365	1,525	1,835	15	10	5
English and French	40	25	20	0	0	0
English and non-official language	70	40	35	5	5	0
French and non-official language	130	50	80	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	10	5	5	0	0	0
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	133,735	65,065	68,670	2,970	1,470	1,500
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	129,075	62,975	66,095	2,905	1,445	1,465
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	37,891	47,116	29,927	34,149	39,403	28,205
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	129,155	62,985	66,175	2,905	1,440	1,465
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	34,145	41,455	27,334	30,200	34,048	25,621
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	115,805	57,715	58,090	2,615	1,330	1,285
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	35,550	44,940	27,183	30,624	37,888	23,552
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	93,175	41,400	51,775	2,240	1,030	1,215
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,024	7,346	6,906	7,237	5,621	8,144
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	95,460	50,485	44,970	2,310	1,210	1,095
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	35,806	43,796	30,135	31,662	37,461	25,824
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	133,735	65,065	68,665	3,025	1,470	1,560
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	128,815	62,815	66,000	2,950	1,440	1,515
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	48,443	59,076	38,322	37,667	43,153	32,468
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	128,905	62,825	66,085	2,950	1,435	1,520
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	40,071	47,701	32,818	32,054	35,662	28,634
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	115,695	57,555	58,135	2,650	1,330	1,315
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	47,157	58,385	36,040	34,578	41,094	28,001
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	93,250	41,240	52,010	2,195	965	1,225
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	8,410	8,493	8,345	8,963	7,598	10,040
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	95,460	50,300	45,165	2,300	1,195	1,100
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	46,093	54,544	36,680	33,636	38,058	28,831
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	133,730	65,065	68,670	3,025	1,470	1,560
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	44,425	24,595	19,830	1,170	630	540
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	58,521	69,260	49,206	41,334	48,116	36,384
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	67,530	77,416	55,270	44,205	49,168	38,450
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	87.4	90.6	82.6	82.4	87.1	75.7
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	70.4	73.6	65.7	72.7	76.4	68.1
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	12.6	9.4	17.4	17.6	12.6	24.2
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	133,730	65,060	68,665	2,970	1,470	1,500
Without total income	4,665	2,085	2,575	60	25	40
With total income	129,070	62,975	66,090	2,905	1,440	1,465
Percentage with total income	96.5	96.8	96.2	97.8	98.0	97.7
Under $10,000 (including loss)	15,930	6,220	9,710	275	115	160
$10,000 to $19,999	20,595	7,545	13,045	520	185	335
$20,000 to $29,999	16,325	5,975	10,350	490	200	290
$30,000 to $39,999	14,940	6,725	8,220	470	240	225
$40,000 to $49,999	13,775	6,875	6,895	395	215	180
$50,000 to $59,999	11,225	5,735	5,490	295	175	115
$60,000 to $69,999	8,330	4,780	3,545	200	125	70
$70,000 to $79,999	6,115	3,635	2,485	110	65	40
$80,000 to $89,999	5,040	3,105	1,935	55	40	15
$90,000 to $99,999	4,505	2,735	1,770	40	30	15
$100,000 and over	12,295	9,640	2,655	65	50	15
$100,000 to $149,999	9,250	7,220	2,030	50	35	10
$150,000 and over	3,045	2,420	620	15	10	0
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	133,735	65,065	68,670	2,965	1,465	1,500
Without after-tax income	4,575	2,080	2,495	65	25	40
With after-tax income	129,155	62,980	66,170	2,905	1,440	1,465
Percentage with after-tax income	96.6	96.8	96.4	98.0	98.3	97.7
Under $10,000 (including loss)	16,590	6,335	10,255	280	115	165
$10,000 to $19,999	21,475	7,910	13,560	550	190	360
$20,000 to $29,999	18,985	7,050	11,935	600	260	335
$30,000 to $39,999	18,395	8,845	9,550	620	345	275
$40,000 to $49,999	16,000	8,205	7,795	425	255	170
$50,000 to $59,999	11,195	6,350	4,840	225	135	90
$60,000 to $69,999	7,945	4,940	3,010	105	65	40
$70,000 to $79,999	6,840	4,305	2,535	55	30	20
$80,000 and over	11,730	9,030	2,700	45	40	10
$80,000 to $89,999	4,365	3,235	1,125	20	15	5
$90,000 to $99,999	2,665	2,090	575	5	5	0
$100,000 and over	4,700	3,710	990	20	15	5
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	133,730	65,065	68,670	2,970	1,470	1,500
Without employment income	38,270	14,580	23,695	655	255	400
With employment income	95,460	50,485	44,970	2,310	1,215	1,095
Percentage with employment income	71.4	77.6	65.5	77.8	82.7	73.0
Under $5,000 (including loss)	15,490	8,885	6,600	265	140	130
$5,000 to $9,999	7,025	2,895	4,130	175	75	95
$10,000 to $19,999	11,135	4,645	6,490	350	135	215
$20,000 to $29,999	8,965	3,775	5,190	315	125	190
$30,000 to $39,999	8,800	3,630	5,170	355	185	170
$40,000 to $49,999	8,450	3,640	4,810	300	165	135
$50,000 to $59,999	7,340	3,650	3,690	200	145	55
$60,000 to $69,999	5,700	3,350	2,350	155	100	50
$70,000 to $79,999	4,445	2,700	1,740	75	55	25
$80,000 and over	18,120	13,310	4,805	120	85	30
$80,000 to $89,999	4,165	2,610	1,555	55	35	20
$90,000 to $99,999	3,895	2,405	1,495	25	20	5
$100,000 and over	10,055	8,300	1,760	40	30	10
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	69,200	...	...	1,665	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	71,791	...	...	56,192	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	62,845	...	...	48,525	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	20,500	...	...	585	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	34,564	...	...	32,352	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	31,420	...	...	28,448	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	48,700	...	...	1,075	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	93,672	...	...	75,674	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	80,715	...	...	64,853	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	69,200	...	...	1,650	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	90,174	...	...	67,322	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	74,644	...	...	57,289	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	20,470	...	...	610	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	43,859	...	...	35,793	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	36,896	...	...	30,653	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	48,730	...	...	1,040	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	109,629	...	...	85,857	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	90,501	...	...	72,948	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	69,200	...	...	1,660	...	...
Under $5,000	655	...	...	0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	1,095	...	...	30	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	2,335	...	...	60	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	2,705	...	...	105	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	3,110	...	...	80	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,565	...	...	70	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,665	...	...	105	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,915	...	...	110	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,865	...	...	80	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,850	...	...	85	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	5,215	...	...	175	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,840	...	...	130	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	4,195	...	...	115	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,940	...	...	85	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,555	...	...	105	...	...
$100,000 and over	23,690	...	...	320	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	7,365	...	...	150	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	5,525	...	...	75	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	6,375	...	...	75	...	...
$200,000 and over	4,425	...	...	15	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	69,200	...	...	1,665	...	...
Under $5,000	700	...	...	5	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	1,130	...	...	30	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	2,375	...	...	60	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	2,820	...	...	105	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	3,480	...	...	85	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,895	...	...	105	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	3,225	...	...	135	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	3,365	...	...	120	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	3,415	...	...	110	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	3,230	...	...	125	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	6,265	...	...	170	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	5,455	...	...	125	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	5,080	...	...	125	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	4,410	...	...	110	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,960	...	...	75	...	...
$100,000 and over	17,400	...	...	185	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	7,400	...	...	120	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,585	...	...	50	...	...
$150,000 and over	5,415	...	...	20	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	46,715	...	...	1,025	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	94,408	...	...	76,288	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	81,133	...	...	66,150	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	19,400	...	...	405	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	83,104	...	...	67,456	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	72,427	...	...	58,675	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	18,305	...	...	410	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	130,620	...	...	100,608	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	108,924	...	...	84,941	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	3.8	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	7,800	...	...	200	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	52,174	...	...	47,744	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	48,363	...	...	43,904	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	46,785	...	...	1,020	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	110,462	...	...	86,642	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	91,036	...	...	73,539	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	19,340	...	...	415	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	98,857	...	...	81,368	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	81,769	...	...	68,593	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	18,310	...	...	420	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	143,364	...	...	107,003	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	116,240	...	...	90,243	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	7,785	...	...	180	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	63,775	...	...	50,833	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	55,680	...	...	45,616	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	26,200	12,585	13,620	700	375	325
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	31,564	36,626	28,486	30,784	35,328	25,216
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	28,959	32,869	26,632	27,563	30,272	24,384
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	25,995	12,440	13,555	670	330	340
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	41,243	46,999	35,961	34,629	38,326	31,086
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	34,864	38,581	31,452	29,757	32,218	27,400
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	158,780	77,920	80,865	3,685	1,825	1,860
In the bottom half of the distribution	69,345	32,295	37,045	2,290	1,080	1,210
In the bottom decile	14,595	6,865	7,730	285	135	155
In the second decile	12,860	5,400	7,460	455	200	255
In the third decile	13,015	5,895	7,115	515	250	265
In the fourth decile	14,020	6,770	7,250	485	230	260
In the fifth decile	14,860	7,370	7,490	550	270	280
In the top half of the distribution	89,440	45,620	43,820	1,395	745	650
In the sixth decile	15,535	7,745	7,790	425	235	200
In the seventh decile	16,925	8,575	8,345	440	235	205
In the eighth decile	19,400	9,865	9,530	310	165	140
In the ninth decile	21,035	10,760	10,280	155	85	75
In the top decile	16,545	8,680	7,870	65	30	30
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	158,665	77,860	80,805	3,685	1,825	1,860
0 to 17 years	30,250	15,535	14,715	835	410	430
0 to 5 years	9,725	5,020	4,705	295	140	155
18 to 64 years	100,790	49,680	51,110	2,370	1,190	1,180
65 years and over	27,625	12,645	14,980	475	225	250
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	20,265	9,110	11,155	490	220	275
0 to 17 years	4,960	2,560	2,400	110	55	55
0 to 5 years	1,955	1,010	940	30	15	15
18 to 64 years	12,610	5,765	6,840	285	130	155
65 years and over	2,700	785	1,915	100	35	65
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	12.8	11.7	13.8	13.3	12.1	14.8
0 to 17 years (%)	16.4	16.5	16.3	13.2	13.4	12.8
0 to 5 years (%)	20.1	20.1	20.0	10.2	10.7	9.7
18 to 64 years (%)	12.5	11.6	13.4	12.0	10.9	13.1
65 years and over (%)	9.8	6.2	12.8	21.1	15.6	26.0
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	11,095	5,325	5,770	175	95	80
0 to 17 years	2,370	1,205	1,165	30	15	15
0 to 5 years	1,030	535	495	10	10	0
18 to 64 years	8,250	3,955	4,295	130	70	60
65 years and over	470	165	310	5	5	5
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	7.0	6.8	7.1	4.7	5.2	4.3
0 to 17 years (%)	7.8	7.8	7.9	3.6	3.7	3.5
0 to 5 years (%)	10.6	10.7	10.5	3.4	7.1	0.0
18 to 64 years (%)	8.2	8.0	8.4	5.5	5.9	5.1
65 years and over (%)	1.7	1.3	2.1	1.1	2.2	2.0
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	158,780	77,920	80,865	3,640	1,760	1,880
Official languages	158,395	77,775	80,625	3,640	1,765	1,875
English	157,095	77,255	79,845	920	495	430
French	62,860	29,205	33,655	3,630	1,765	1,865
Non-official languages	13,600	6,460	7,140	85	30	50
Aboriginal languages	690	280	410	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	645	270	380	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	100	45	50	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	15	10	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	15	0	10	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	10	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	20	0	15	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	50	25	25	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	550	225	330	0	0	0
Algonquin	10	0	10	0	0	0
Ojibway	515	205	310	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	15	10	10	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	10	10	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	50	25	25	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	12,905	6,180	6,725	85	35	50
Afro-Asiatic languages	725	375	350	0	0	0
Berber languages	10	0	10	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	10	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	710	370	340	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	685	355	330	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	15	10	10	0	0	0
Maltese	0	10	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	205	105	95	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	205	110	100	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	300	130	165	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	40	20	20	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	10	0	0	0
Ilocano	35	15	20	0	0	0
Malagasy	10	10	0	0	0	0
Malay	35	20	15	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	250	110	140	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	40	30	10	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	10	10	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	15	0	10	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	20	15	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	210	110	110	0	0	0
Kannada	10	0	10	0	0	0
Malayalam	25	20	10	0	0	0
Tamil	90	50	35	0	0	0
Telugu	110	50	65	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	8,540	4,025	4,520	40	20	25
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,440	645	795	0	0	0
Baltic languages	60	25	35	0	0	0
Latvian	35	20	15	0	0	0
Lithuanian	25	0	20	0	0	0
Slavic languages	1,390	620	765	0	0	0
Belarusan	10	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	15	15	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	15	10	10	0	0	0
Croatian	295	130	165	0	0	0
Czech	70	45	25	0	0	0
Macedonian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	395	170	225	0	0	0
Russian	120	50	65	0	0	0
Serbian	80	50	30	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	45	20	20	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	40	10	25	0	0	0
Ukrainian	400	160	240	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	0	0	0
Celtic languages	25	0	25	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	15	0	15	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	10	0	0	0
Germanic languages	1,120	495	625	0	0	0
Afrikaans	40	30	15	0	0	0
Danish	20	10	10	0	0	0
Dutch	190	75	115	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	865	380	490	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	10	10	10	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	15	10	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	240	115	120	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	1,020	535	485	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	920	485	435	0	0	0
Bengali	45	25	20	0	0	0
Gujarati	200	125	80	0	0	0
Hindi	470	250	215	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	25	15	10	0	0	0
Nepali	30	10	15	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	10	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	175	90	85	0	0	0
Sindhi	10	0	10	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	35	25	10	0	0	0
Urdu	275	120	150	0	0	0
Iranian languages	120	65	50	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	30	25	10	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	90	45	40	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	4,880	2,320	2,565	40	20	20
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	3,340	1,610	1,725	0	0	0
Portuguese	240	130	110	10	10	0
Romanian	35	20	15	0	0	0
Spanish	1,385	595	790	25	10	15
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	35	15	15	0	0	0
Japanese	65	25	40	10	10	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	85	55	35	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	280	170	105	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	35	20	10	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	60	30	35	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	20	10	15	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	15	10	10	0	0	0
Shona	25	10	15	0	0	0
Swahili	45	20	25	0	0	0
Wolof	0	10	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	25	20	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	95	70	20	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	300	100	200	10	0	10
American Sign Language	145	50	95	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	15	0	20	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	140	50	90	10	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	810	455	350	30	10	20
Chinese languages	805	455	355	30	15	20
Cantonese	335	175	160	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	480	285	190	30	15	20
Min Dong	10	0	10	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	0	10	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	10	10	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	45	25	15	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	10	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	10	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	30	15	10	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	20	10	10	0	0	0
Turkish	10	10	10	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	1,550	685	865	0	0	0
Estonian	30	10	15	0	0	0
Finnish	1,445	640	805	0	0	0
Hungarian	75	35	40	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	158,780	77,915	80,865	3,645	1,765	1,880
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	156,145	76,590	79,555	3,620	1,755	1,865
Canadian citizens aged under 18	30,090	15,500	14,590	785	380	405
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	126,055	61,090	64,965	2,835	1,370	1,460
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	2,635	1,330	1,305	25	10	15
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	158,780	77,915	80,865	3,645	1,765	1,885
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	148,785	73,050	75,725	3,590	1,740	1,850
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	9,290	4,465	4,825	50	25	30
Before 1981	5,335	2,500	2,835	20	0	15
1981 to 1990	720	405	310	0	0	0
1991 to 2000	830	405	430	10	10	10
2001 to 2010	1,405	690	715	20	10	10
2001 to 2005	630	300	335	20	15	10
2006 to 2010	770	390	380	10	0	0
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	1,000	465	535	0	0	0
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	710	395	315	10	0	10
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	9,290	4,465	4,830	55	25	25
Under 5 years	1,260	605	655	0	0	0
5 to 14 years	1,800	860	935	15	0	0
15 to 24 years	2,665	1,265	1,400	0	0	0
25 to 44 years	3,170	1,555	1,615	25	10	20
45 years and over	400	180	215	0	0	0
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	9,290	4,460	4,830	50	25	30
Americas	1,160	495	670	10	10	0
Brazil	15	0	15	0	0	0
Colombia	40	25	20	0	0	0
El Salvador	30	20	10	0	0	0
Guyana	10	0	10	0	0	0
Haiti	25	10	15	0	0	10
Jamaica	180	90	90	0	0	0
Mexico	35	10	35	0	0	0
Peru	30	10	20	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	30	20	0	0	0	0
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	615	255	360	10	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	160	60	100	10	0	0
Europe	5,430	2,585	2,845	10	0	0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	35	20	15	0	0	0
Croatia	165	85	85	0	0	0
France	110	50	60	10	0	0
Germany	545	245	300	0	0	0
Greece	145	65	80	0	0	0
Hungary	50	20	25	0	0	0
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	90	55	30	0	0	0
Italy	1,485	735	745	0	0	0
Netherlands	125	75	55	0	0	0
Poland	210	80	135	0	0	0
Portugal	130	70	60	0	0	0
Romania	35	20	15	0	0	0
Russian Federation	60	10	50	0	0	0
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	20	15	0	0	0	0
Ukraine	70	35	40	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	1,100	540	560	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	1,050	465	580	0	0	0
Africa	585	295	290	0	0	0
Algeria	55	25	25	0	0	0
Egypt	40	25	20	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	10	0	0	0
Kenya	0	0	10	0	0	0
Morocco	20	15	0	0	0	0
Nigeria	10	0	10	0	0	0
Somalia	10	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	30	15	20	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	405	195	210	0	0	0
Asia	2,075	1,060	1,015	30	10	20
Afghanistan	25	10	10	0	0	0
Bangladesh	25	10	10	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	360	195	170	20	0	15
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	60	35	30	0	0	0
India	515	235	285	0	0	0
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	55	30	25	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	20	0	15	10	0	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	50	25	20	0	0	0
Lebanon	85	50	35	0	0	0
Pakistan	150	65	80	0	0	0
Philippines	245	110	130	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	65	35	25	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	20	10	10	0	0	10
Taiwan	15	10	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	190	100	90	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	210	125	85	0	0	0
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	40	30	10	0	0	0
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	1,000	465	535	0	0	0
Americas	115	60	50	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	15	15	0	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	0	0	0
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	75	40	30	0	0	0
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	10	10	10	0	0	0
Europe	120	55	65	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romania	15	10	10	0	0	0
Russian Federation	10	0	10	0	0	0
Ukraine	25	10	15	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	30	10	25	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	40	20	25	0	0	0
Africa	180	65	115	0	0	0
Algeria	10	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroon	25	15	15	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	30	0	25	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	30	10	15	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tunisia	20	10	15	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	65	25	40	0	0	0
Asia	580	275	305	0	0	0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	55	25	35	0	0	0
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	0	0	0	0	0	0
India	170	80	90	0	0	0
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	20	20	0	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	20	10	10	0	0	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	10	10	0	0	0	0
Lebanon	10	0	0	0	0	0
Nepal	0	10	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	80	35	45	0	0	0
Philippines	85	45	40	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	10	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	10	10	0	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	75	35	40	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	35	15	20	0	0	0
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	15	15	10	0	0	0
Australia	10	10	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	10	10	0	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	158,780	77,920	80,865	3,645	1,760	1,880
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	10,380	5,055	5,325	55	25	30
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	17,080	8,450	8,630	120	50	65
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	131,320	64,405	66,910	3,470	1,690	1,785
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	4,035	2,010	2,025	30	15	15
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	2,060	1,105	955	20	10	10
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	870	595	275	0	0	0
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	1,185	505	680	10	0	15
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	1,460	610	855	15	10	10
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	470	265	200	0	0	0
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	50	30	20	0	0	0
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	158,780	77,920	80,865	3,645	1,765	1,880
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	15,055	7,455	7,605	10	10	0
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	14,585	7,245	7,335	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	6,935	3,305	3,625	0	0	0
Métis	7,585	3,905	3,680	0	0	0
Inuk (Inuit)	70	35	35	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	210	100	115	0	0	0
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	260	105	150	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal identity	143,720	70,465	73,255	3,640	1,760	1,880
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	158,780	77,915	80,865	3,645	1,765	1,880
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	5,585	2,720	2,865	0	0	0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	153,195	75,195	78,000	3,645	1,765	1,880
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	158,780	77,915	80,865	3,645	1,760	1,880
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	3,545	1,820	1,725	30	20	10
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	3,510	1,810	1,705	30	15	10
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	2,470	1,195	1,270	25	15	10
Métis single ancestry	1,015	605	405	0	0	0
Inuit single ancestry	35	10	25	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	35	15	20	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	25	10	15	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	10	10	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	10	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	16,335	8,015	8,315	70	30	40
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	15,995	7,865	8,130	70	30	40
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	8,250	4,000	4,245	50	20	30
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	7,620	3,805	3,820	15	10	10
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	120	55	70	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	340	155	180	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	330	150	180	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	10	10	0	0	0	0
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	10	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	138,900	68,080	70,825	3,540	1,715	1,830
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	158,780	77,915	80,865	3,645	1,760	1,880
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	5,990	3,090	2,895	45	20	25
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	1,465	770	695	0	0	0
Chinese	980	535	450	25	10	15
Black	1,455	780	675	15	10	0
Filipino	355	150	205	0	0	0
Latin American	275	105	165	0	0	0
Arab	610	300	300	10	0	10
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	325	170	160	0	0	0
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	115	55	60	0	0	0
Korean	90	50	45	0	0	0
Japanese	95	40	50	0	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	65	35	25	0	0	0
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	165	95	70	10	0	0
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	152,795	74,825	77,970	3,595	1,745	1,850
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	158,780	77,915	80,865	3,645	1,765	1,880
North American Aboriginal origins	19,880	9,840	10,040	100	45	50
First Nations (North American Indian)	11,085	5,370	5,715	75	40	40
Inuit	170	70	105	0	0	0
Métis	9,000	4,570	4,430	20	10	15
Other North American origins	73,660	35,570	38,085	3,070	1,475	1,590
Acadian	360	175	180	10	0	10
American	1,230	600	630	20	10	15
Canadian	72,315	34,900	37,415	2,890	1,385	1,500
New Brunswicker	10	10	0	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	190	100	90	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	50	15	30	0	0	0
Ontarian	85	45	35	0	0	0
Québécois	235	120	115	160	90	70
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	10	0	10	0	0	0
European origins	116,935	57,120	59,815	1,055	535	520
British Isles origins	63,850	31,050	32,800	235	115	115
Channel Islander	0	10	0	0	0	0
Cornish	10	0	10	0	0	0
English	31,805	15,535	16,270	65	25	45
Irish	30,355	14,285	16,065	155	80	70
Manx	20	10	10	0	0	0
Scottish	24,990	12,070	12,925	25	15	10
Welsh	2,050	960	1,090	0	0	0
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	2,635	1,265	1,370	0	0	0
French origins	59,890	28,785	31,105	845	430	415
Alsatian	0	0	10	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	0	0	0
Corsican	0	0	0	0	0	0
French	59,895	28,785	31,105	845	430	415
Western European origins (except French origins)	17,150	8,420	8,725	30	20	10
Austrian	655	365	290	0	0	0
Bavarian	10	10	10	0	0	0
Belgian	475	215	260	0	10	0
Dutch	3,675	1,740	1,930	10	10	10
Flemish	30	20	10	0	0	0
Frisian	10	0	0	0	0	0
German	12,910	6,375	6,535	10	10	10
Luxembourger	10	10	0	0	0	0
Swiss	345	185	160	0	0	0
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	10,025	4,915	5,110	10	0	0
Danish	680	305	375	0	0	0
Finnish	7,375	3,700	3,675	0	0	0
Icelandic	185	65	120	0	0	0
Norwegian	835	365	465	0	0	0
Swedish	1,545	725	825	0	0	0
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	60	35	25	0	0	10
Eastern European origins	13,805	6,765	7,045	10	10	0
Bulgarian	45	15	25	0	0	0
Byelorussian	65	40	30	0	0	0
Czech	355	200	150	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	230	110	120	0	0	0
Estonian	210	125	90	0	0	0
Hungarian	800	380	420	0	0	0
Latvian	145	70	75	0	0	0
Lithuanian	290	110	175	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	4,815	2,420	2,395	10	0	0
Romanian	275	150	130	0	0	0
Russian	835	325	510	0	0	0
Slovak	315	140	180	0	0	0
Ukrainian	7,390	3,630	3,760	0	0	0
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	10	10	10	0	0	0
Southern European origins	16,545	8,245	8,305	65	30	35
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	20	10	10	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	915	485	430	0	0	0
Cypriot	10	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	720	325	390	0	0	0
Italian	13,420	6,810	6,605	45	20	25
Kosovar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	80	60	25	0	0	0
Maltese	70	25	45	0	0	0
Montenegrin	15	15	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	515	260	255	10	10	0
Serbian	195	125	70	0	0	0
Sicilian	15	0	10	0	0	0
Slovenian	210	105	100	0	0	0
Spanish	730	260	470	10	10	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	255	125	125	0	0	0
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	15	10	10	0	0	0
Other European origins	360	175	180	0	0	0
Basque	10	0	10	0	0	0
Jewish	135	70	60	0	0	0
Roma (Gypsy)	15	10	10	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	200	100	105	0	0	0
Caribbean origins	890	425	465	15	10	0
Antiguan	20	10	10	0	0	0
Bahamian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Barbadian	50	20	25	0	0	0
Bermudan	30	10	20	0	0	0
Carib	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuban	25	10	15	0	10	0
Dominican	10	0	0	0	0	0
Grenadian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	60	30	30	10	0	0
Jamaican	525	270	260	0	0	0
Kittitian/Nevisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Martinican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montserratan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	25	0	20	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	10	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	80	35	40	0	0	0
Vincentian/Grenadinian	10	0	10	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	50	25	25	0	0	0
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	10	10	0	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins	645	310	335	0	0	0
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	20	10	10	0	0	0
Arawak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Belizean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bolivian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Brazilian	15	10	0	0	0	0
Chilean	50	20	30	0	0	0
Colombian	80	55	30	0	0	0
Costa Rican	10	10	0	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	25	10	15	0	0	0
Guatemalan	30	15	15	0	0	0
Guyanese	40	15	30	0	0	0
Hispanic	25	10	15	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	10	0	0	0
Maya	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mexican	195	85	110	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Panamanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Peruvian	90	50	40	0	0	0
Salvadorean	35	15	15	0	0	0
Uruguayan	20	0	15	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	0	0	10	0	0	0
African origins	1,425	690	735	10	0	0
Central and West African origins	315	185	130	10	10	0
Akan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Angolan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ashanti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burkinabe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroonian	45	25	20	10	0	0
Chadian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Congolese	115	55	60	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gabonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	25	20	0	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ibo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ivorian	20	0	15	0	0	0
Liberian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malinké	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	45	35	15	0	0	0
Peulh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Senegalese	10	10	0	0	0	0
Sierra Leonean	10	0	0	0	0	0
Togolese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	25	20	10	0	0	0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	10	10	0	0	0	0
North African origins	335	150	190	0	0	0
Algerian	85	45	45	0	0	0
Berber	20	10	10	0	0	0
Coptic	10	10	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	85	35	45	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maure	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moroccan	25	15	15	0	0	0
Sudanese	15	10	10	0	0	0
Tunisian	65	20	45	0	0	0
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	35	20	20	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins	275	160	115	0	0	0
Afrikaner	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burundian	30	15	15	0	0	0
Djiboutian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopian	10	10	10	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	45	25	20	0	0	0
Malagasy	10	0	0	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rwandan	15	10	0	0	0	0
Seychellois	15	10	10	0	0	0
Somali	35	25	15	0	0	0
South African	65	35	30	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zambian	0	10	0	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	10	0	0	0
Zulu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	70	55	20	0	0	0
Other African origins	535	205	330	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	70	15	55	0	0	0
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	485	195	295	10	10	0
Asian origins	4,735	2,450	2,285	45	15	30
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	1,165	625	545	15	10	10
Afghan	40	15	25	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	240	135	110	0	0	0
Armenian	20	15	0	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	15	10	10	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hazara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian	105	60	45	0	0	0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Israeli	45	30	10	0	0	0
Jordanian	25	0	20	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurd	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kuwaiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanese	395	205	190	0	0	0
Palestinian	60	25	35	0	0	0
Pashtun	30	20	10	0	0	0
Saudi Arabian	45	35	10	0	0	0
Syrian	30	20	10	10	0	10
Tajik	20	0	15	0	0	0
Tatar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turk	75	35	40	0	0	0
Turkmen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uighur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yemeni	10	0	10	0	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	70	30	40	0	0	0
South Asian origins	1,585	830	750	0	0	0
Bangladeshi	15	10	10	0	0	0
Bengali	20	15	10	0	0	0
Bhutanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
East Indian	1,170	615	555	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	15	10	10	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	15	0	10	0	0	0
Pakistani	200	95	100	0	0	0
Punjabi	40	15	25	0	0	0
Sinhalese	10	10	0	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	100	65	30	0	0	0
Tamil	10	0	10	0	0	0
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	70	40	30	0	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins	2,010	1,020	995	30	15	20
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	10	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese	1,200	635	570	30	10	20
Filipino	365	145	220	0	0	0
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	35	15	15	0	0	0
Japanese	95	45	55	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	85	50	40	0	0	0
Laotian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malaysian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	10	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	295	165	130	0	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other Asian origins	25	15	10	10	0	10
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	25	10	10	0	0	0
Oceania origins	135	65	70	0	0	0
Australian	110	50	60	0	0	0
New Zealander	15	10	10	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins	10	10	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hawaiian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Maori	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Samoan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	69,200	...	...	1,655	...	...
Owner	45,515	...	...	930	...	...
Renter	23,680	...	...	725	...	...
Band housing	0	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	69,200	...	...	1,650	...	...
Condominium	1,095	...	...	110	...	...
Not condominium	68,105	...	...	1,545	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	69,200	...	...	1,655	...	...
No bedrooms	285	...	...	15	...	...
1 bedroom	8,385	...	...	265	...	...
2 bedrooms	16,650	...	...	525	...	...
3 bedrooms	27,020	...	...	485	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	16,855	...	...	365	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	69,200	...	...	1,655	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	17,155	...	...	615	...	...
5 rooms	10,555	...	...	280	...	...
6 rooms	10,855	...	...	160	...	...
7 rooms	10,350	...	...	185	...	...
8 or more rooms	20,285	...	...	420	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.3	...	...	5.8	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	69,200	...	...	1,650	...	...
One person or fewer per room	68,960	...	...	1,650	...	...
More than 1 person per room	245	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	69,200	...	...	1,650	...	...
Suitable	67,570	...	...	1,630	...	...
Not suitable	1,625	...	...	25	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	69,200	...	...	1,650	...	...
1960 or before	22,105	...	...	390	...	...
1961 to 1980	25,660	...	...	555	...	...
1981 to 1990	8,030	...	...	185	...	...
1991 to 2000	6,605	...	...	130	...	...
2001 to 2005	1,840	...	...	145	...	...
2006 to 2010	2,730	...	...	150	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	2,235	...	...	90	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	69,200	...	...	1,655	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	64,050	...	...	1,535	...	...
Major repairs needed	5,155	...	...	115	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	69,200	...	...	1,650	...	...
1 household maintainer	42,280	...	...	1,060	...	...
2 household maintainers	26,000	...	...	580	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	920	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	69,200	...	...	1,655	...	...
15 to 24 years	2,555	...	...	80	...	...
25 to 34 years	9,730	...	...	180	...	...
35 to 44 years	10,890	...	...	315	...	...
45 to 54 years	13,900	...	...	325	...	...
55 to 64 years	13,555	...	...	405	...	...
65 to 74 years	10,285	...	...	230	...	...
75 to 84 years	6,115	...	...	100	...	...
85 years and over	2,170	...	...	15	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	68,975	...	...	1,650	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	54,125	...	...	1,330	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	14,855	...	...	325	...	...
30% to less than 100%	13,295	...	...	315	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	45,370	...	...	930	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	58.2	...	...	66.1	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	11.4	...	...	11.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,138	...	...	1,030	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,250	...	...	1,009	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	259,097	...	...	224,781	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	298,842	...	...	228,929	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	23,675	...	...	725	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	17.8	...	...	6.2	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	40.9	...	...	30.3	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	892	...	...	624	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	901	...	...	651	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	133,735	65,065	68,670	3,025	1,475	1,560
No certificate, diploma or degree	26,580	13,495	13,080	910	480	430
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	34,975	16,405	18,575	720	330	385
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	72,175	35,165	37,010	1,400	660	740
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	11,080	8,595	2,480	635	375	260
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	5,470	3,870	1,600	465	240	225
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	5,605	4,725	875	170	140	35
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	36,780	16,110	20,670	465	160	300
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,585	670	915	75	30	45
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	22,730	9,790	12,945	225	90	135
Bachelor's degree	16,085	6,445	9,640	180	70	115
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,715	775	940	15	10	0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	720	445	275	0	0	0
Master's degree	3,515	1,650	1,865	25	10	10
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	705	475	230	0	0	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	86,595	42,675	43,915	2,050	1,010	1,040
No certificate, diploma or degree	9,325	5,280	4,045	475	275	205
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	21,315	10,455	10,865	465	235	225
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	55,950	26,940	29,010	1,110	505	605
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	7,430	5,855	1,570	495	270	225
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	3,650	2,615	1,035	390	200	190
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	3,780	3,240	540	110	75	30
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	29,665	13,200	16,460	375	135	240
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,105	490	610	65	25	40
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	17,755	7,395	10,365	180	75	105
Bachelor's degree	12,550	4,980	7,575	150	60	90
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,235	510	720	10	0	10
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	620	350	270	0	0	0
Master's degree	2,825	1,230	1,595	10	10	10
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	525	315	205	0	0	10
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	133,730	65,065	68,670	3,030	1,470	1,560
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	61,555	29,900	31,655	1,630	810	820
Education	4,240	1,040	3,200	100	0	90
13. Education	4,240	1,035	3,205	100	10	90
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,350	650	700	40	10	25
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	340	230	110	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	1,010	420	590	35	10	25
Humanities	2,810	1,055	1,750	45	25	15
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	265	30	240	10	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	630	165	460	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	685	260	430	30	15	15
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	20	10	15	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	260	105	160	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	175	100	70	10	10	0
54. History	575	360	215	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/letters	195	35	160	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	8,055	2,455	5,600	80	25	60
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	115	35	80	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	840	255	585	0	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,885	170	1,715	50	0	50
22. Legal professions and studies	1,520	570	950	0	0	0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	200	40	160	0	0	0
42. Psychology	1,295	225	1,070	0	10	0
45. Social sciences	2,195	1,160	1,035	20	20	0
Business, management and public administration	12,400	3,710	8,690	325	90	235
30.16 Accounting and computer science	35	10	25	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	2,090	380	1,715	10	10	10
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	10,280	3,325	6,960	315	85	230
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,805	1,540	1,270	45	20	25
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,105	410	695	20	10	10
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	290	130	160	15	0	10
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	25	0	15	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	1,185	900	290	0	10	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	200	95	105	0	0	10
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,760	1,020	740	25	15	10
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,325	875	450	25	15	15
25. Library science	145	10	135	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	260	105	150	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	30	25	0	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	19,225	18,110	1,110	395	385	15
04. Architecture and related services	255	185	65	0	0	0
14. Engineering	1,895	1,650	245	35	35	0
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	5,745	5,185	555	70	55	15
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	10	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	3,320	3,250	75	110	105	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	5,555	5,450	105	85	85	0
48. Precision production	2,450	2,390	60	100	100	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,050	665	385	70	40	30
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	345	165	180	60	35	30
03. Natural resources and conservation	705	500	205	0	0	0
Health and related fields	13,185	2,190	10,995	140	0	140
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	930	465	460	10	0	10
51. Health professions and related programs	11,965	1,535	10,425	135	0	135
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	300	185	110	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	5,300	2,730	2,570	140	45	100
12. Personal and culinary services	2,540	670	1,865	85	0	90
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	10	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	20	20	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	1,610	970	640	25	15	10
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,120	1,060	65	30	30	0
Other	0	0	0	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	10	10	0	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	86,595	42,675	43,920	2,050	1,010	1,040
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	30,640	15,735	14,905	940	505	430
Education	2,750	630	2,120	60	10	55
13. Education	2,755	635	2,120	60	0	55
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,075	530	540	30	10	25
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	255	175	80	0	0	10
50. Visual and performing arts	815	355	460	30	10	20
Humanities	2,005	725	1,275	25	15	10
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	225	15	205	10	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	430	105	325	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	540	200	335	15	10	10
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	20	10	10	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	155	55	95	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	115	75	40	0	0	0
54. History	405	245	165	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/letters	120	15	110	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	6,630	1,935	4,695	70	20	50
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	85	30	60	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	745	245	500	0	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,560	145	1,415	40	0	45
22. Legal professions and studies	1,305	445	855	10	0	0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	180	40	145	0	0	0
42. Psychology	1,060	170	890	0	10	0
45. Social sciences	1,685	860	830	15	10	10
Business, management and public administration	9,990	2,905	7,090	285	70	210
30.16 Accounting and computer science	25	10	20	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,795	330	1,460	10	0	10
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	8,175	2,565	5,605	270	70	205
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,165	1,145	1,015	40	20	25
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	850	330	525	20	10	10
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	210	75	130	15	0	10
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	25	10	20	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	920	660	260	10	10	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	160	80	80	10	0	10
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,515	870	640	20	15	0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,165	765	405	20	10	10
25. Library science	125	10	115	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	200	80	115	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	25	20	10	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	14,610	13,700	910	295	285	15
04. Architecture and related services	215	160	55	0	0	0
14. Engineering	1,490	1,285	205	30	30	0
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	4,415	3,950	460	60	45	10
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	10	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	2,365	2,310	50	70	70	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	4,295	4,225	70	65	60	0
48. Precision production	1,825	1,770	55	70	70	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	880	545	340	60	35	25
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	300	140	160	55	30	30
03. Natural resources and conservation	580	405	175	0	10	0
Health and related fields	10,150	1,745	8,400	110	0	115
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	690	355	335	0	0	10
51. Health professions and related programs	9,185	1,230	7,955	110	0	110
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	275	165	110	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	4,175	2,190	1,985	115	40	75
12. Personal and culinary services	1,930	515	1,415	70	0	70
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	0	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	1,340	820	520	25	15	10
49. Transportation and materials moving	895	850	50	25	25	0
Other	10	0	0	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	0	10	0	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	133,730	65,060	68,665	3,030	1,475	1,555
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	61,560	29,900	31,660	1,630	810	815
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	72,180	35,165	37,010	1,395	660	740
Location of study inside Canada	69,080	33,520	35,565	1,375	655	720
Same as province or territory of residence	66,220	32,030	34,185	1,375	655	720
Different than province or territory of residence	2,865	1,490	1,380	0	0	0
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	3,095	1,645	1,445	20	0	20
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	775	450	325	0	0	0
Philippines	155	65	85	0	0	0
India	320	155	165	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	415	225	190	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 162}	65	20	45	10	0	10
France	40	25	15	0	0	0
Other	1,330	710	620	10	0	10
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	86,595	42,675	43,920	2,055	1,010	1,040
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	30,640	15,735	14,910	940	505	430
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	55,950	26,940	29,010	1,110	505	605
Location of study inside Canada	53,905	25,920	27,980	1,095	505	595
Same as province or territory of residence	51,855	24,870	26,985	1,095	500	590
Different than province or territory of residence	2,045	1,050	995	0	0	0
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	2,055	1,015	1,030	15	10	15
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	505	275	235	10	0	0
Philippines	125	50	70	0	0	0
India	265	130	135	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	215	115	100	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 162}	50	15	35	10	0	10
France	25	15	10	0	0	0
Other	865	420	445	10	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	133,730	65,060	68,670	3,025	1,470	1,555
In the labour force	83,740	43,060	40,675	2,155	1,105	1,045
Employed	76,755	38,940	37,815	2,020	1,040	985
Unemployed	6,985	4,125	2,865	130	65	65
Not in the labour force	49,995	22,000	27,990	875	365	510
Participation rate	62.6	66.2	59.2	71.2	75.2	67.2
Employment rate	57.4	59.9	55.1	66.8	70.7	63.3
Unemployment rate	8.3	9.6	7.0	6.0	5.9	6.2
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	133,730	65,060	68,665	3,025	1,470	1,555
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	46,660	20,190	26,475	810	320	495
Worked	87,070	44,875	42,195	2,215	1,155	1,065
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	45,335	25,205	20,125	1,175	635	545
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	41,735	19,670	22,070	1,040	515	525
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.9	43.1	42.7	43.1	42.9	43.3
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	83,740	43,065	40,675	2,155	1,105	1,045
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	1,805	910	890	25	10	20
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	81,935	42,155	39,785	2,125	1,100	1,025
Employee	75,590	38,245	37,345	1,920	995	925
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	6,350	3,910	2,440	210	105	100
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	83,740	43,060	40,680	2,150	1,110	1,045
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	1,805	910	890	25	10	20
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	81,940	42,155	39,785	2,130	1,100	1,025
0 Management occupations	7,365	4,500	2,860	130	80	50
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	12,930	3,110	9,820	295	75	220
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	4,650	3,675	980	90	65	25
3 Health occupations	7,210	1,295	5,910	80	0	75
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	9,695	2,895	6,800	220	30	185
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,570	665	900	45	35	15
6 Sales and service occupations	19,555	8,110	11,445	500	180	315
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	13,430	12,830	605	455	445	10
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	3,995	3,785	210	60	55	0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,540	1,280	265	260	135	130
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	83,740	43,060	40,680	2,150	1,105	1,045
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	1,805	915	890	25	10	20
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	81,940	42,150	39,785	2,125	1,100	1,025
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	460	295	165	110	70	40
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	6,755	6,165	585	10	0	0
22 Utilities	465	320	150	0	0	0
23 Construction	5,960	5,240	720	160	145	15
31-33 Manufacturing	3,675	3,120	560	485	295	190
41 Wholesale trade	2,635	2,095	535	105	75	30
44-45 Retail trade	10,225	4,840	5,380	225	95	135
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	3,270	2,535	730	155	120	40
51 Information and cultural industries	1,195	630	565	10	10	0
52 Finance and insurance	2,220	800	1,420	65	15	50
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,360	805	555	15	0	10
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	3,900	2,010	1,895	60	15	50
55 Management of companies and enterprises	85	55	30	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	3,505	2,015	1,495	75	55	20
61 Educational services	6,960	2,155	4,810	120	25	90
62 Health care and social assistance	12,120	1,885	10,240	205	15	195
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,345	625	715	25	10	15
72 Accommodation and food services	5,920	2,300	3,620	145	55	90
81 Other services (except public administration)	3,490	1,730	1,760	100	50	50
91 Public administration	6,390	2,535	3,855	40	25	20
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	76,755	38,945	37,810	2,020	1,040	980
Worked at home	3,170	1,410	1,755	110	55	55
Worked outside Canada	110	80	30	0	0	0
No fixed workplace address	8,280	6,230	2,050	175	145	30
Worked at usual place	65,190	31,220	33,970	1,735	835	900
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	65,190	31,220	33,975	1,735	835	900
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	63,100	29,775	33,320	535	190	340
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	35	20	10	460	260	205
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	1,840	1,220	615	740	385	360
Commute to a different province or territory	220	200	20	0	0	0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	73,475	37,450	36,025	1,910	975	930
Car, truck, van - as a driver	60,705	31,825	28,880	1,655	875	780
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	4,550	1,810	2,735	65	25	35
Public transit	3,635	1,500	2,130	10	0	0
Walked	3,320	1,450	1,875	160	65	90
Bicycle	320	230	90	20	15	0
Other method	950	630	315	10	0	10
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	73,475	37,450	36,025	1,910	980	930
Less than 15 minutes	24,735	11,440	13,295	850	365	485
15 to 29 minutes	30,770	15,345	15,425	520	310	210
30 to 44 minutes	12,050	6,695	5,355	310	165	145
45 to 59 minutes	3,560	2,265	1,290	140	80	60
60 minutes and over	2,350	1,700	655	90	60	30
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	73,475	37,450	36,020	1,910	975	930
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	5,770	4,715	1,055	165	120	40
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	14,450	8,815	5,635	420	285	135
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	21,090	10,245	10,845	605	260	340
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	14,515	5,380	9,140	180	40	140
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	6,165	2,335	3,835	155	55	95
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	11,485	5,965	5,510	390	215	175
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	89,490	46,040	43,450	2,245	1,165	1,085
Single responses	86,595	44,945	41,645	2,225	1,145	1,080
Official languages	86,440	44,870	41,570	2,225	1,145	1,080
English	82,325	43,770	38,550	20	15	0
French	4,115	1,095	3,020	2,210	1,125	1,080
Non-official languages	155	80	70	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	150	85	75	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10	10	0	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	10	0	10	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	30	10	20	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	0	0	10	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	10	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	20	10	15	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	10	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	10	0	0	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	15	10	0	0	0	0
American Sign Language	10	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	80	50	30	0	0	0
Chinese languages	80	50	30	0	0	0
Cantonese	35	25	15	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	35	15	15	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	10	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	10	0	10	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	15	0	10	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	2,900	1,095	1,805	20	15	10
English and French	2,775	1,025	1,745	15	10	0
English and non-official language	100	45	50	0	0	0
French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	10	0
English, French and non-official language	20	20	0	0	0	0
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	89,490	46,040	43,450	2,245	1,160	1,085
None	70,810	37,810	33,000	1,950	970	985
English	2,450	710	1,740	280	180	100
French	15,715	7,220	8,500	10	10	0
Non-official language	450	260	190	10	0	0
Aboriginal	50	25	25	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	400	235	165	10	10	0
English and French	0	0	10	0	0	0
English and non-official language	20	15	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language	40	25	15	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	157,145	77,115	80,035	3,620	1,750	1,865
Non-movers	139,025	68,425	70,600	3,290	1,620	1,665
Movers	18,120	8,685	9,430	330	130	195
Non-migrants	13,955	6,620	7,340	145	50	95
Migrants	4,165	2,070	2,095	190	80	100
Internal migrants	3,755	1,810	1,945	185	85	100
Intraprovincial migrants	3,270	1,575	1,695	180	80	95
Interprovincial migrants	480	235	245	0	0	0
External migrants	410	260	145	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	150,635	73,715	76,920	3,415	1,680	1,735
Non-movers	98,340	48,365	49,975	2,070	1,045	1,020
Movers	52,290	25,345	26,945	1,350	635	715
Non-migrants	39,480	19,110	20,370	620	290	335
Migrants	12,805	6,235	6,570	730	345	385
Internal migrants	11,415	5,520	5,900	725	345	385
Intraprovincial migrants	9,930	4,700	5,230	715	340	375
Interprovincial migrants	1,485	820	665	10	0	10
External migrants	1,395	720	670	0	10	0

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

^r

revised. The 2011 count for this area has been revised.

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Greater Sudbury, CDR [Census division], Ontario and Saint-Césaire [Population centre], Quebec (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 5, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Greater Sudbury, Census division [Census division], Ontario and Saint-Césaire [Population centre], Quebec

Census Profile, 2016 Census Greater Sudbury, Census division [Census division], Ontario and Saint-Césaire [Population centre], Quebec

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How to cite

Census Profile, 2016 Census
Greater Sudbury, Census division [Census division], Ontario and Saint-Césaire [Population centre], Quebec