Census Profile, 2016 Census
London [Economic region], Ontario and Quebec [Province]

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	London Ontario [Economic region]			Quebec [Province]
	Data quality , London [Economic region], Ontario Map : London [Economic region], Ontario Change geography 1			Data quality : Quebec [Province] Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	655,366	...	...	8,164,361	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	632,331	...	...	7,903,001	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	3.6	...	...	3.3	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	285,312	...	...	3,858,943	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	269,306	...	...	3,531,663	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	90.5	...	...	6.0	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	7,237.91	...	...	1,356,625.27	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	655,365	319,715	335,650	8,164,360	4,016,760	4,147,605
0 to 14 years	111,255	56,920	54,335	1,333,260	682,535	650,720
0 to 4 years	35,760	18,345	17,415	444,930	227,965	216,970
5 to 9 years	38,245	19,585	18,660	469,165	240,225	228,940
10 to 14 years	37,250	18,990	18,265	419,160	214,345	204,815
15 to 64 years	430,540	212,230	218,305	5,335,910	2,664,630	2,671,280
15 to 19 years	39,605	20,195	19,405	429,825	219,070	210,755
20 to 24 years	45,680	23,245	22,435	500,100	252,600	247,500
25 to 29 years	42,645	21,300	21,345	495,410	248,030	247,380
30 to 34 years	41,340	20,365	20,975	515,505	256,440	259,070
35 to 39 years	39,470	19,350	20,115	550,540	274,595	275,945
40 to 44 years	39,845	19,505	20,345	506,525	254,100	252,425
45 to 49 years	42,400	20,815	21,580	519,425	260,410	259,015
50 to 54 years	49,885	24,350	25,535	619,435	309,070	310,370
55 to 59 years	48,030	23,170	24,855	636,475	314,190	322,285
60 to 64 years	41,630	19,925	21,700	562,670	276,140	286,535
65 years and over	113,570	50,560	63,015	1,495,195	669,590	825,605
65 to 69 years	36,955	17,440	19,515	488,175	236,395	251,775
70 to 74 years	26,935	12,630	14,310	373,590	176,905	196,690
75 to 79 years	19,780	9,090	10,685	256,905	116,020	140,890
80 to 84 years	14,465	6,105	8,360	187,835	78,390	109,450
85 years and over	15,440	5,295	10,140	188,685	61,885	126,805
85 to 89 years	9,450	3,605	5,845	120,635	43,795	76,840
90 to 94 years	4,725	1,400	3,325	53,165	15,155	38,015
95 to 99 years	1,115	270	845	13,035	2,685	10,350
100 years and over	145	25	130	1,850	255	1,600
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	17.0	17.8	16.2	16.3	17.0	15.7
15 to 64 years	65.7	66.4	65.0	65.4	66.3	64.4
65 years and over	17.3	15.8	18.8	18.3	16.7	19.9
85 years and over	2.4	1.7	3.0	2.3	1.5	3.1
Average age of the population	40.9	39.8	41.9	41.9	40.9	42.9
Median age of the population	41.0	39.6	42.2	42.5	41.4	43.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	269,305	...	...	3,531,660	...	...
Single-detached house	163,430	...	...	1,602,680	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	36,690	...	...	187,800	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	68,145	...	...	1,717,680	...	...
Semi-detached house	10,550	...	...	188,245	...	...
Row house	24,690	...	...	93,350	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	6,075	...	...	265,195	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	26,370	...	...	1,154,955	...	...
Other single-attached house	465	...	...	15,940	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	1,040	...	...	23,505	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	269,310	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
1 person	77,720	...	...	1,175,230	...	...
2 persons	95,400	...	...	1,227,765	...	...
3 persons	39,815	...	...	489,460	...	...
4 persons	35,645	...	...	426,250	...	...
5 or more persons	20,730	...	...	212,960	...	...
Number of persons in private households	645,295	...	...	7,965,455	...	...
Average household size	2.4	...	...	2.3	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	544,110	262,795	281,315	6,831,105	3,334,220	3,496,885
Married or living common law	312,025	155,830	156,195	3,844,145	1,924,750	1,919,395
Married	261,530	130,620	130,910	2,342,980	1,172,720	1,170,260
Living common law	50,495	25,210	25,285	1,501,160	752,025	749,135
Not married and not living common law	232,085	106,965	125,120	2,986,960	1,409,475	1,577,490
Never married	148,495	79,500	68,995	2,010,580	1,084,300	926,280
Separated	17,690	7,630	10,065	103,625	46,390	57,240
Divorced	33,820	13,305	20,520	483,195	194,430	288,760
Widowed	32,075	6,530	25,545	389,555	84,345	305,210
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	183,860	...	...	2,257,560	...	...
2 persons	95,070	...	...	1,204,955	...	...
3 persons	38,030	...	...	466,310	...	...
4 persons	33,975	...	...	412,160	...	...
5 or more persons	16,785	...	...	174,140	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	183,855	...	...	2,257,560	...	...
Total couple families	153,215	...	...	1,878,095	...	...
Married couples	127,975	...	...	1,128,355	...	...
Common-law couples	25,240	...	...	749,740	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	30,640	...	...	379,460	...	...
Female parent	24,355	...	...	284,900	...	...
Male parent	6,290	...	...	94,565	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	153,215	...	...	1,878,095	...	...
Couples without children	76,465	...	...	970,260	...	...
Couples with children	76,750	...	...	907,840	...	...
1 child	29,260	...	...	356,640	...	...
2 children	31,550	...	...	384,875	...	...
3 or more children	15,945	...	...	166,315	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	30,645	...	...	379,465	...	...
1 child	18,605	...	...	234,695	...	...
2 children	8,770	...	...	109,670	...	...
3 or more children	3,265	...	...	35,100	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	113,435	53,200	60,230	1,579,070	775,765	803,305
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	269,305	...	...	3,531,660	...	...
One-census-family households	176,975	...	...	2,197,340	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	73,880	...	...	947,305	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	103,090	...	...	1,250,040	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	3,395	...	...	29,595	...	...
Non-census-family households	88,935	...	...	1,304,725	...	...
One-person households	77,720	...	...	1,175,230	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	11,220	...	...	129,500	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	647,955	316,780	331,175	8,066,560	3,977,275	4,089,285
English only	601,315	297,105	304,215	372,445	187,595	184,860
French only	265	125	140	4,032,640	1,874,545	2,158,095
English and French	38,930	16,430	22,500	3,586,410	1,884,135	1,702,275
Neither English nor French	7,445	3,125	4,320	75,065	31,000	44,060
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	647,955	316,780	331,175	8,066,555	3,977,270	4,089,285
English	631,520	309,515	322,005	964,120	482,985	481,135
French	6,970	3,200	3,765	6,750,945	3,320,380	3,430,560
English and French	2,210	1,035	1,175	278,710	144,060	134,655
Neither English nor French	7,255	3,030	4,230	72,775	29,845	42,930
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	8,070	3,720	4,350	1,103,480	555,015	548,465
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	1.2	1.2	1.3	13.7	14.0	13.4
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	647,955	316,785	331,175	8,066,555	3,977,270	4,089,285
Single responses	638,355	312,105	326,250	7,881,650	3,884,675	3,996,975
Official languages	533,180	261,450	271,730	6,820,815	3,366,970	3,453,845
English	525,945	258,145	267,800	601,155	301,860	299,300
French	7,230	3,305	3,925	6,219,665	3,065,115	3,154,550
Non-official languages	105,170	50,650	54,520	1,060,830	517,700	543,125
Aboriginal languages	155	55	100	45,570	22,530	23,040
Algonquian languages	75	20	50	33,140	16,365	16,770
Blackfoot	0	0	0	5	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	10	5	10	31,430	15,575	15,855
Atikamekw	0	0	0	6,150	3,135	3,015
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	8,715	4,155	4,555
Moose Cree	5	0	0	0	5	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	590	285	305
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	135	55	80
Plains Cree	5	0	5	5	0	5
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	35	15	15
Swampy Cree	5	0	0	5	5	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	10	5	5
Cree, n.o.s.	5	0	5	15,790	7,920	7,875
Eastern Algonquian languages	5	0	5	485	225	260
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	5	0	5	485	220	260
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	60	20	35	1,215	565	645
Algonquin	0	0	0	1,185	555	630
Ojibway	50	20	35	20	10	15
Oji-Cree	5	0	5	5	0	5
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	5
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	15	10	5
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	5	0	15	10	5
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	5	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	10	5	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	5	5	0	11,970	5,955	6,015
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	5	0	5	11,895	5,925	5,970
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	75	25	45
Iroquoian languages	60	20	40	375	165	210
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	5	365	160	210
Oneida	50	15	30	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	5	5	5
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	5	5	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	5	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	15	10	5	65	30	35
Non-Aboriginal languages	105,020	50,595	54,425	1,015,260	495,175	520,090
Afro-Asiatic languages	13,350	6,820	6,525	197,535	104,185	93,355
Berber languages	15	10	5	20,845	11,125	9,720
Kabyle	10	5	5	12,470	6,625	5,840
Berber languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	8,375	4,500	3,875
Cushitic languages	265	120	135	1,125	545	580
Bilen	5	5	0	10	10	5
Oromo	15	5	10	15	10	5
Somali	240	110	125	1,075	515	560
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	30	20	10
Semitic languages	13,055	6,680	6,380	175,215	92,310	82,900
Amharic	260	130	130	745	340	405
Arabic	10,815	5,540	5,275	169,890	89,590	80,300
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	1,050	525	520	150	80	70
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	210	100	105	15	10	5
Harari	0	5	0	0	5	5
Hebrew	145	80	60	3,885	2,040	1,845
Maltese	260	135	125	25	10	15
Tigrigna	260	130	130	385	185	205
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	55	25	30	110	60	50
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	355	200	155
Austro-Asiatic languages	2,950	1,355	1,600	36,305	17,030	19,275
Khmer (Cambodian)	950	445	510	8,855	4,105	4,750
Vietnamese	2,000	915	1,090	27,425	12,920	14,505
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	25	10	15
Austronesian languages	2,175	815	1,365	21,635	7,800	13,835
Bikol	10	0	5	115	35	80
Cebuano	95	25	70	885	270	610
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	25	5	15	410	125	275
Ilocano	180	85	100	2,060	745	1,315
Malagasy	0	0	0	1,250	590	660
Malay	150	70	80	705	265	440
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10	5	10	205	90	110
Pangasinan	0	0	5	95	40	50
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,670	610	1,060	15,545	5,480	10,065
Waray-Waray	5	0	0	50	10	40
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	320	140	180
Creole languages	95	45	50	56,990	25,220	31,770
Haitian Creole	5	0	0	2,220	1,055	1,170
Creole, n.o.s.	35	20	15	53,785	23,675	30,110
Creole languages, n.i.e.	60	20	35	980	490	490
Dravidian languages	1,430	750	680	14,865	7,435	7,430
Kannada	60	30	25	240	130	110
Malayalam	880	450	435	440	235	205
Tamil	340	175	160	13,600	6,715	6,880
Telugu	150	95	55	570	345	230
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	15	10	5
Hmong-Mien languages	0	5	0	25	10	15
Indo-European languages	68,620	33,135	35,490	553,045	269,625	283,420
Albanian	1,110	570	535	2,795	1,420	1,370
Armenian	105	50	55	16,430	7,970	8,460
Balto-Slavic languages	13,825	6,440	7,390	68,155	30,960	37,195
Baltic languages	325	135	190	850	335	515
Latvian	100	45	55	290	120	175
Lithuanian	230	95	135	555	215	340
Slavic languages	13,500	6,305	7,200	67,310	30,630	36,675
Belarusan	15	5	10	80	45	35
Bosnian	670	335	335	1,620	805	815
Bulgarian	80	35	45	6,985	3,385	3,600
Croatian	1,115	545	565	2,330	1,165	1,170
Czech	440	205	235	1,465	690	775
Macedonian	100	40	55	205	105	95
Polish	6,495	2,975	3,525	13,935	6,065	7,865
Russian	1,460	665	795	28,565	12,715	15,850
Serbian	910	465	440	3,140	1,590	1,545
Serbo-Croatian	345	165	180	1,805	865	940
Slovak	410	195	215	1,040	455	585
Slovene (Slovenian)	270	115	155	755	350	405
Ukrainian	1,135	530	610	5,210	2,285	2,920
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	55	20	30	175	90	85
Celtic languages	50	20	35	155	95	60
Scottish Gaelic	15	5	15	20	15	10
Welsh	25	10	15	40	20	20
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	90	55	30
Germanic languages	21,380	10,215	11,165	27,540	13,280	14,260
Afrikaans	95	45	50	125	60	65
Danish	255	125	125	395	190	200
Dutch	7,375	3,545	3,830	2,825	1,395	1,430
Frisian	160	80	85	10	10	0
German	12,765	6,065	6,695	13,670	6,340	7,330
Icelandic	10	0	5	65	30	35
Norwegian	35	15	20	200	100	100
Swedish	80	45	40	555	255	300
Vlaams (Flemish)	550	250	300	540	240	300
Yiddish	30	15	10	8,985	4,560	4,420
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	40	20	20	175	100	75
Greek	1,960	975	985	38,635	19,435	19,205
Indo-Iranian languages	9,270	4,790	4,475	76,040	39,205	36,835
Indo-Aryan languages	6,100	3,180	2,915	45,845	23,875	21,970
Bengali	465	235	230	10,995	5,620	5,380
Gujarati	840	440	395	6,070	2,980	3,090
Hindi	870	475	400	3,030	1,635	1,390
Kashmiri	0	0	0	20	15	5
Konkani	25	10	15	110	60	55
Marathi	90	45	40	255	145	110
Nepali	725	360	365	1,505	740	765
Oriya (Odia)	10	5	10	35	20	15
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,260	670	585	12,380	6,720	5,660
Sindhi	70	35	35	330	160	165
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	135	65	70	645	310	330
Urdu	1,605	835	775	10,470	5,460	5,010
Iranian languages	3,140	1,595	1,540	29,760	15,105	14,655
Kurdish	995	525	465	985	550	430
Pashto	185	90	95	1,285	680	610
Persian (Farsi)	1,960	980	975	27,490	13,875	13,615
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	30	15	15	440	225	210
Italic (Romance) languages	20,925	10,075	10,850	323,290	157,260	166,030
Catalan	15	10	10	320	170	150
Italian	3,700	1,855	1,845	104,600	51,705	52,895
Portuguese	6,765	3,245	3,515	36,770	17,735	19,035
Romanian	970	455	520	35,840	17,170	18,665
Spanish	9,455	4,505	4,950	145,635	70,405	75,235
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	125	75	50
Japanese	305	125	185	2,525	775	1,750
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	170	80	85
Georgian	5	0	5	170	80	90
Korean	2,950	1,370	1,585	5,160	2,270	2,890
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	190	75	115
Mongolian	0	0	0	195	80	115
Niger-Congo languages	710	350	365	28,355	14,360	13,995
Akan (Twi)	75	35	40	1,050	520	525
Bamanankan	0	0	0	1,200	655	545
Edo	0	0	0	75	45	30
Ewe	15	5	10	730	400	325
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	2,055	1,080	970
Ga	20	5	10	80	40	40
Ganda	20	10	15	35	15	20
Igbo	50	25	25	120	70	50
Lingala	20	10	10	2,465	1,185	1,285
Rundi (Kirundi)	45	20	20	3,345	1,600	1,745
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	40	20	20	2,500	1,115	1,380
Shona	40	20	25	85	45	40
Swahili	140	65	75	3,010	1,460	1,545
Wolof	10	5	0	3,230	1,745	1,485
Yoruba	75	40	30	255	155	100
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	165	75	90	8,135	4,235	3,895
Nilo-Saharan languages	195	85	110	345	180	165
Dinka	110	50	60	5	5	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	90	40	50	335	170	165
Sign languages	225	130	100	1,330	700	630
American Sign Language	135	75	55	65	35	30
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	670	330	340
Sign languages, n.i.e	95	50	50	595	340	255
Sino-Tibetan languages	9,095	4,245	4,850	76,840	35,775	41,065
Chinese languages	8,830	4,110	4,720	76,490	35,600	40,895
Cantonese	2,105	1,000	1,110	24,375	11,505	12,875
Hakka	30	20	10	470	215	260
Mandarin	5,985	2,755	3,230	43,700	20,175	23,525
Min Dong	5	5	0	20	10	15
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	130	55	75	3,225	1,480	1,745
Wu (Shanghainese)	100	40	60	1,075	465	605
Chinese, n.o.s.	470	245	230	3,535	1,710	1,825
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	90	40	45
Tibeto-Burman languages	265	130	130	345	175	170
Burmese	30	20	15	80	30	50
Karenic languages	210	105	105	70	40	30
Tibetan	5	0	0	110	65	50
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	20	10	15	85	45	40
Tai-Kadai languages	260	115	150	4,895	2,185	2,710
Lao	170	85	85	4,115	1,995	2,120
Thai	90	30	65	765	180	585
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	10	5	10
Turkic languages	475	260	215	7,980	4,095	3,880
Azerbaijani	45	25	20	290	160	130
Turkish	360	200	165	7,155	3,685	3,470
Uyghur	25	15	10	205	100	105
Uzbek	10	5	5	145	70	75
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	35	15	15	185	80	105
Uralic languages	2,095	975	1,115	6,400	2,985	3,410
Estonian	60	20	35	195	75	120
Finnish	130	55	80	360	125	240
Hungarian	1,900	900	1,000	5,835	2,790	3,045
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	5
Other languages, n.i.e.	70	30	40	685	385	300
Multiple responses	9,605	4,680	4,925	184,905	92,600	92,310
English and French	1,415	630	790	72,395	36,695	35,695
English and non-official language	7,660	3,800	3,865	27,485	13,545	13,945
French and non-official language	270	135	130	67,075	33,110	33,970
English, French and non-official language	260	115	140	17,950	9,245	8,705
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	647,955	316,780	331,175	8,066,560	3,977,270	4,089,285
Single responses	627,620	306,940	320,675	7,743,740	3,819,315	3,924,425
Official languages	579,760	284,055	295,705	7,157,850	3,536,165	3,621,685
English	577,740	283,120	294,620	782,185	391,125	391,060
French	2,020	935	1,090	6,375,665	3,145,040	3,230,625
Non-official languages	47,860	22,890	24,975	585,890	283,150	302,735
Aboriginal languages	35	15	25	40,190	20,205	19,980
Algonquian languages	10	0	5	28,695	14,385	14,310
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	28,110	14,105	14,005
Atikamekw	0	0	0	5,465	2,825	2,640
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	7,375	3,590	3,790
Moose Cree	0	0	0	5	5	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	590	295	290
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	60	30	30
Plains Cree	0	0	0	5	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	15	5	10
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	5	5	5
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	5	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	14,590	7,355	7,235
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	220	115	110
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	220	110	105
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	5	5	370	170	200
Algonquin	0	0	0	360	165	195
Ojibway	10	5	5	5	5	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	5	0	0	0	0	5
Northern Athabaskan languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	11,375	5,770	5,615
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	5	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	11,350	5,750	5,600
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	15	10
Iroquoian languages	15	5	15	70	35	35
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	5	0	0	70	35	30
Oneida	15	5	15	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	5	5	5
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	5	5	0	35	10	25
Non-Aboriginal languages	47,820	22,875	24,950	545,695	262,940	282,755
Afro-Asiatic languages	7,465	3,675	3,790	91,660	46,550	45,110
Berber languages	5	5	0	7,495	3,895	3,605
Kabyle	5	5	0	5,105	2,660	2,450
Berber languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	2,390	1,235	1,150
Cushitic languages	120	50	70	535	240	295
Bilen	0	0	0	5	0	5
Oromo	0	0	0	5	0	0
Somali	120	50	70	520	230	290
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	5
Semitic languages	7,325	3,620	3,710	83,520	42,365	41,160
Amharic	115	60	60	340	150	185
Arabic	6,225	3,070	3,155	81,105	41,150	39,955
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	660	325	335	95	50	45
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	120	60	60	10	0	5
Harari	0	0	0	5	0	5
Hebrew	55	35	25	1,705	880	825
Maltese	20	10	15	0	0	0
Tigrigna	105	55	50	205	95	105
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	60	25	35
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	105	50	55
Austro-Asiatic languages	1,795	825	970	24,980	11,675	13,305
Khmer (Cambodian)	530	240	290	5,180	2,370	2,805
Vietnamese	1,265	585	680	19,790	9,295	10,495
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	15	5	10
Austronesian languages	815	360	455	9,715	3,960	5,750
Bikol	0	0	0	15	5	10
Cebuano	20	5	15	230	100	125
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	5	130	55	75
Ilocano	60	35	35	740	305	435
Malagasy	0	0	0	360	185	170
Malay	45	20	25	175	85	95
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	5	5	0	60	30	30
Pangasinan	0	0	0	10	5	10
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	680	295	385	7,905	3,150	4,760
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	15	10	10
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	75	35	35
Creole languages	20	10	10	20,705	8,780	11,925
Haitian Creole	0	0	5	855	380	475
Creole, n.o.s.	5	5	0	19,405	8,200	11,210
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	440	200	240
Dravidian languages	745	395	350	11,400	5,595	5,805
Kannada	20	15	5	150	85	65
Malayalam	515	270	245	200	100	100
Tamil	150	80	70	10,720	5,215	5,500
Telugu	65	35	25	330	190	135
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	10	5	5
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	15	5	5
Indo-European languages	27,130	12,980	14,150	303,215	146,100	157,115
Albanian	500	245	255	1,615	795	820
Armenian	40	15	20	11,990	5,680	6,310
Balto-Slavic languages	5,605	2,685	2,915	40,405	19,085	21,325
Baltic languages	60	25	35	190	80	105
Latvian	10	5	5	75	40	40
Lithuanian	50	15	30	115	40	70
Slavic languages	5,545	2,665	2,885	40,220	19,000	21,220
Belarusan	10	0	0	25	15	15
Bosnian	325	160	165	965	475	495
Bulgarian	40	20	20	5,125	2,495	2,630
Croatian	385	190	200	1,015	475	545
Czech	115	60	60	460	220	240
Macedonian	30	15	20	130	65	65
Polish	2,850	1,350	1,505	5,970	2,695	3,270
Russian	750	370	380	20,680	9,775	10,900
Serbian	420	220	200	2,010	1,020	990
Serbo-Croatian	135	65	75	960	470	490
Slovak	100	45	55	245	120	130
Slovene (Slovenian)	45	20	30	225	95	135
Ukrainian	310	140	165	2,365	1,060	1,300
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	40	15	25
Celtic languages	10	5	5	30	20	10
Scottish Gaelic	5	0	5	5	5	0
Welsh	0	0	0	10	10	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	15	5
Germanic languages	5,460	2,655	2,805	9,890	4,980	4,905
Afrikaans	30	15	15	15	10	10
Danish	15	10	10	50	25	25
Dutch	745	370	375	375	170	205
Frisian	15	10	10	0	0	0
German	4,400	2,135	2,260	2,550	1,190	1,365
Icelandic	5	0	0	30	15	20
Norwegian	0	0	0	20	5	10
Swedish	10	5	5	105	50	60
Vlaams (Flemish)	45	20	25	70	35	40
Yiddish	0	0	0	6,665	3,485	3,180
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	195	95	100	10	5	5
Greek	755	355	405	18,545	8,865	9,680
Indo-Iranian languages	5,395	2,690	2,705	53,555	26,845	26,710
Indo-Aryan languages	3,455	1,730	1,720	31,575	15,985	15,585
Bengali	260	135	130	8,180	4,055	4,125
Gujarati	430	210	215	3,840	1,860	1,985
Hindi	435	230	205	1,535	790	745
Kashmiri	0	0	0	5	0	0
Konkani	10	5	5	30	15	15
Marathi	45	25	20	80	40	40
Nepali	660	325	340	1,355	655	700
Oriya (Odia)	5	0	0	15	10	5
Punjabi (Panjabi)	640	335	310	8,840	4,690	4,155
Sindhi	15	5	10	135	65	75
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	70	35	35	365	185	180
Urdu	880	435	445	7,180	3,620	3,565
Iranian languages	1,930	950	980	21,745	10,740	11,010
Kurdish	605	305	300	510	280	235
Pashto	110	55	60	925	460	465
Persian (Farsi)	1,210	595	615	20,310	10,005	10,305
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	235	120	120
Italic (Romance) languages	9,375	4,325	5,045	167,190	79,835	87,355
Catalan	5	0	0	110	50	60
Italian	880	385	495	32,935	14,595	18,340
Portuguese	2,550	1,150	1,400	17,260	8,250	9,005
Romanian	375	185	195	24,520	12,000	12,525
Spanish	5,560	2,605	2,955	92,330	44,920	47,415
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	20	15
Japanese	145	70	70	1,050	425	620
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	70	35	35
Georgian	0	0	0	70	40	35
Korean	2,205	1,010	1,190	3,540	1,630	1,910
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	145	70	75
Mongolian	0	0	0	145	70	75
Niger-Congo languages	185	70	110	7,250	3,450	3,800
Akan (Twi)	15	5	10	445	215	235
Bamanankan	0	0	0	265	135	125
Edo	0	0	0	10	5	5
Ewe	5	0	0	140	60	80
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	530	255	280
Ga	0	0	0	15	5	10
Ganda	0	5	0	5	5	5
Igbo	15	5	10	15	10	10
Lingala	10	5	0	625	270	355
Rundi (Kirundi)	15	10	10	1,110	510	600
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	5	5	530	225	305
Shona	10	5	0	20	10	10
Swahili	55	20	35	1,100	535	565
Wolof	0	0	0	1,035	555	480
Yoruba	15	10	5	55	25	25
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	45	20	30	1,350	635	710
Nilo-Saharan languages	70	35	35	135	70	65
Dinka	35	15	15	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	35	15	20	130	65	65
Sign languages	290	170	120	1,770	1,000	775
American Sign Language	135	80	55	90	35	50
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	700	360	340
Sign languages, n.i.e	155	95	60	985	600	385
Sino-Tibetan languages	6,115	2,855	3,260	60,370	28,925	31,450
Chinese languages	5,940	2,770	3,170	60,155	28,805	31,345
Cantonese	1,200	555	650	17,845	8,470	9,375
Hakka	10	5	5	155	75	80
Mandarin	4,330	2,005	2,325	37,075	17,870	19,200
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	50	20	35	1,830	830	1,000
Wu (Shanghainese)	50	25	25	780	355	420
Chinese, n.o.s.	305	160	140	2,435	1,190	1,240
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	40	20	20
Tibeto-Burman languages	175	90	85	215	115	100
Burmese	15	10	5	35	15	20
Karenic languages	150	75	70	65	40	30
Tibetan	0	0	5	70	45	30
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	40	20	20
Tai-Kadai languages	90	45	45	2,375	1,145	1,230
Lao	55	30	30	2,150	1,055	1,100
Thai	35	15	20	225	90	135
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	235	120	115	5,120	2,540	2,575
Azerbaijani	15	5	5	100	50	55
Turkish	170	85	90	4,715	2,340	2,370
Uyghur	20	10	10	140	75	70
Uzbek	5	5	0	105	50	55
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	30	15	10	65	30	35
Uralic languages	520	235	280	2,025	895	1,130
Estonian	5	0	5	30	10	20
Finnish	10	5	5	50	20	30
Hungarian	500	230	275	1,945	860	1,085
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	150	90	60
Multiple responses	20,335	9,835	10,500	322,820	157,960	164,860
English and French	895	390	500	86,715	43,820	42,890
English and non-official language	18,915	9,210	9,705	54,400	26,255	28,140
French and non-official language	95	40	60	139,385	66,610	72,775
English, French and non-official language	430	200	235	42,320	21,270	21,045
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	647,955	316,780	331,175	8,066,555	3,977,275	4,089,285
None	585,420	286,945	298,475	6,825,240	3,356,340	3,468,900
English	21,285	10,355	10,925	513,410	263,670	249,735
French	6,315	2,605	3,715	320,370	158,340	162,030
Non-official language	33,880	16,370	17,510	317,790	154,450	163,340
Aboriginal	230	90	145	5,700	2,645	3,060
Non-Aboriginal	33,650	16,290	17,365	312,085	151,810	160,280
English and French	210	95	115	36,235	18,285	17,955
English and non-official language	320	170	145	28,630	14,075	14,555
French and non-official language	510	230	280	23,470	11,365	12,095
English, French and non-official language	10	5	10	1,420	740	680
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	534,255	258,910	275,350	6,634,295	3,260,155	3,374,145
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	513,250	248,845	264,410	6,417,615	3,160,595	3,257,020
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	33,876	39,928	29,060	32,975	37,842	28,522
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	513,360	248,855	264,505	6,419,175	3,160,780	3,258,400
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	30,860	35,720	26,846	29,535	33,110	26,119
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	458,070	226,425	231,645	5,685,690	2,866,470	2,819,220
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	32,269	39,150	26,315	30,067	35,597	25,012
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	375,555	167,995	207,555	4,973,245	2,300,800	2,672,445
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	5,692	3,581	6,698	7,307	5,851	8,246
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	377,565	194,625	182,945	4,627,795	2,408,420	2,219,370
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	32,948	38,406	28,392	31,263	35,627	27,219
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	534,255	258,915	275,340	6,634,280	3,260,040	3,374,245
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	512,950	248,575	264,370	6,417,010	3,159,415	3,257,595
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	43,741	50,422	37,459	42,546	49,087	36,203
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	513,055	248,580	264,475	6,418,440	3,159,550	3,258,890
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	36,822	41,632	32,301	34,887	39,292	30,616
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	457,995	226,325	231,670	5,685,905	2,866,415	2,819,485
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	42,549	50,013	35,258	40,505	47,810	33,079
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	375,635	168,420	207,220	4,972,650	2,299,595	2,673,050
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,851	7,211	8,372	8,590	7,846	9,229
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	377,570	194,285	183,285	4,627,775	2,408,655	2,219,120
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	41,691	47,455	35,581	40,382	45,974	34,313
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	534,255	258,915	275,345	6,634,280	3,260,040	3,374,240
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	185,925	104,190	81,740	2,036,965	1,114,940	922,025
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	51,138	55,577	46,662	47,111	51,622	42,433
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	59,616	64,789	53,022	56,564	62,750	49,085
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	86.9	90.4	82.4	84.4	88.3	79.1
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	70.3	73.9	65.6	68.4	71.4	64.6
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	13.1	9.6	17.6	15.6	11.7	20.9
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	534,260	258,910	275,350	6,634,295	3,260,155	3,374,140
Without total income	21,005	10,065	10,940	216,685	99,555	117,125
With total income	513,250	248,840	264,410	6,417,615	3,160,595	3,257,020
Percentage with total income	96.1	96.1	96.0	96.7	96.9	96.5
Under $10,000 (including loss)	71,585	31,660	39,930	789,595	351,935	437,660
$10,000 to $19,999	88,140	35,275	52,860	1,188,135	476,630	711,500
$20,000 to $29,999	72,920	30,195	42,725	976,210	428,390	547,830
$30,000 to $39,999	60,815	27,505	33,310	852,735	414,105	438,625
$40,000 to $49,999	56,945	27,745	29,200	747,995	378,215	369,780
$50,000 to $59,999	43,245	23,135	20,115	540,265	292,110	248,150
$60,000 to $69,999	32,080	18,570	13,505	375,935	214,805	161,130
$70,000 to $79,999	22,400	13,210	9,185	286,025	164,240	121,790
$80,000 to $89,999	16,610	9,915	6,695	189,350	113,715	75,635
$90,000 to $99,999	15,560	8,705	6,865	122,750	80,090	42,660
$100,000 and over	32,960	22,930	10,030	348,620	246,360	102,255
$100,000 to $149,999	23,175	15,785	7,385	236,515	164,145	72,370
$150,000 and over	9,785	7,145	2,640	112,105	82,215	29,885
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	534,260	258,910	275,350	6,634,295	3,260,150	3,374,140
Without after-tax income	20,900	10,055	10,845	215,120	99,375	115,750
With after-tax income	513,360	248,855	264,505	6,419,175	3,160,780	3,258,395
Percentage with after-tax income	96.1	96.1	96.1	96.8	97.0	96.6
Under $10,000 (including loss)	73,685	32,180	41,505	822,725	359,045	463,675
$10,000 to $19,999	92,290	37,090	55,200	1,246,480	505,165	741,315
$20,000 to $29,999	84,475	35,640	48,835	1,192,885	541,080	651,810
$30,000 to $39,999	74,680	35,150	39,530	1,096,510	553,200	543,315
$40,000 to $49,999	63,215	32,680	30,535	793,150	425,040	368,115
$50,000 to $59,999	42,375	24,250	18,125	498,475	283,130	215,345
$60,000 to $69,999	27,605	16,520	11,080	309,415	180,470	128,945
$70,000 to $79,999	21,725	12,545	9,180	167,895	108,500	59,395
$80,000 and over	33,310	22,805	10,505	291,635	205,155	86,485
$80,000 to $89,999	11,960	7,665	4,295	95,010	64,670	30,335
$90,000 to $99,999	6,775	4,640	2,130	55,980	39,080	16,905
$100,000 and over	14,575	10,495	4,080	140,645	101,405	39,240
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	534,255	258,905	275,350	6,634,295	3,260,155	3,374,145
Without employment income	156,690	64,280	92,405	2,006,505	851,730	1,154,775
With employment income	377,570	194,625	182,945	4,627,790	2,408,420	2,219,375
Percentage with employment income	70.7	75.2	66.4	69.8	73.9	65.8
Under $5,000 (including loss)	55,415	27,825	27,585	606,300	311,780	294,520
$5,000 to $9,999	31,385	13,760	17,630	367,030	162,150	204,885
$10,000 to $19,999	49,760	22,275	27,490	681,920	305,995	375,920
$20,000 to $29,999	40,560	18,395	22,160	586,140	269,950	316,195
$30,000 to $39,999	39,570	18,035	21,530	565,425	277,135	288,285
$40,000 to $49,999	39,200	19,455	19,750	476,665	247,105	229,560
$50,000 to $59,999	30,990	17,350	13,640	359,180	203,580	155,600
$60,000 to $69,999	22,975	13,715	9,260	266,650	156,255	110,395
$70,000 to $79,999	16,590	10,105	6,485	224,040	129,890	94,150
$80,000 and over	51,125	33,705	17,420	494,440	344,585	149,855
$80,000 to $89,999	13,405	8,030	5,380	139,830	90,295	49,540
$90,000 to $99,999	13,155	7,485	5,675	93,860	64,160	29,700
$100,000 and over	24,565	18,200	6,365	260,745	190,125	70,620
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	269,305	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	66,279	...	...	59,822	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	58,859	...	...	52,207	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	77,720	...	...	1,175,230	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	34,420	...	...	31,574	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	31,208	...	...	28,469	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	191,590	...	...	2,356,430	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	83,585	...	...	78,645	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	73,658	...	...	67,665	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	269,305	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	83,313	...	...	77,306	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	70,150	...	...	63,404	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	77,715	...	...	1,174,695	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	43,361	...	...	40,042	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	36,699	...	...	33,262	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	191,595	...	...	2,356,970	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	99,519	...	...	95,878	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	83,718	...	...	78,426	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	269,305	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
Under $5,000	4,620	...	...	47,170	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	4,315	...	...	56,315	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	7,960	...	...	119,570	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	10,400	...	...	180,865	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	12,310	...	...	179,690	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	11,015	...	...	154,150	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	11,910	...	...	185,000	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	12,215	...	...	184,435	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	12,300	...	...	179,855	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	12,100	...	...	170,445	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	22,475	...	...	313,600	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	20,270	...	...	273,620	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	18,455	...	...	241,940	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	16,355	...	...	208,620	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	14,955	...	...	176,355	...	...
$100,000 and over	77,650	...	...	860,030	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	27,985	...	...	327,435	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	18,030	...	...	204,105	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	18,570	...	...	192,155	...	...
$200,000 and over	13,070	...	...	136,335	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	269,305	...	...	3,531,660	...	...
Under $5,000	4,875	...	...	50,445	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	4,385	...	...	57,335	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	8,080	...	...	120,860	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	10,915	...	...	190,300	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	13,825	...	...	202,905	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	12,420	...	...	187,365	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	13,890	...	...	231,765	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	14,565	...	...	225,695	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	14,630	...	...	211,990	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	14,080	...	...	202,760	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	25,705	...	...	363,775	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	23,015	...	...	309,825	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	20,880	...	...	256,150	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	17,805	...	...	208,765	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	14,435	...	...	166,295	...	...
$100,000 and over	55,800	...	...	545,440	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	25,200	...	...	269,170	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	13,955	...	...	130,225	...	...
$150,000 and over	16,645	...	...	146,045	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	182,920	...	...	2,261,890	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	84,639	...	...	79,378	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	74,416	...	...	68,152	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	72,420	...	...	930,195	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	78,028	...	...	70,075	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	68,761	...	...	60,224	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	77,365	...	...	911,980	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	108,375	...	...	105,246	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	93,500	...	...	88,844	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	4.0	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	28,760	...	...	364,085	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	49,504	...	...	52,708	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	46,296	...	...	47,805	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	182,990	...	...	2,262,045	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	100,698	...	...	96,863	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	84,565	...	...	79,060	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	72,445	...	...	929,645	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	93,169	...	...	86,304	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	77,968	...	...	70,167	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	77,460	...	...	912,560	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	124,189	...	...	122,835	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	103,410	...	...	99,279	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	28,740	...	...	363,610	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	59,314	...	...	61,753	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	52,426	...	...	53,052	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	102,015	48,395	53,620	1,433,210	711,180	722,030
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	30,202	31,340	29,347	29,195	31,526	27,210
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	27,780	28,547	27,257	26,706	28,214	25,434
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	101,715	48,700	53,020	1,430,625	708,225	722,405
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	39,425	41,243	37,755	37,684	39,840	35,571
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	33,597	34,547	32,725	31,513	32,729	30,321
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	645,295	315,720	329,575	7,965,455	3,941,475	4,023,970
In the bottom half of the distribution	334,870	159,855	175,015	4,577,885	2,216,770	2,361,115
In the bottom decile	70,645	34,200	36,445	747,785	368,385	379,395
In the second decile	66,090	29,770	36,320	898,605	408,705	489,900
In the third decile	66,500	31,605	34,900	997,185	481,975	515,210
In the fourth decile	65,950	31,960	33,995	996,230	490,275	505,960
In the fifth decile	65,680	32,325	33,355	938,080	467,425	470,655
In the top half of the distribution	310,425	155,865	154,560	3,387,565	1,724,710	1,662,855
In the sixth decile	66,600	33,055	33,545	881,640	444,865	436,775
In the seventh decile	65,605	32,725	32,885	806,685	409,470	397,220
In the eighth decile	65,395	32,970	32,430	700,450	357,000	343,455
In the ninth decile	61,930	31,215	30,715	557,160	286,195	270,960
In the top decile	50,890	25,900	24,985	441,630	227,185	214,445
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	645,140	315,645	329,500	7,921,505	3,919,560	4,001,945
0 to 17 years	133,830	68,430	65,400	1,564,410	800,455	763,960
0 to 5 years	43,020	22,070	20,950	532,410	272,790	259,625
18 to 64 years	404,835	198,800	206,035	5,021,875	2,498,900	2,522,980
65 years and over	106,475	48,415	58,060	1,335,220	620,210	715,010
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	101,390	47,205	54,185	1,160,190	542,405	617,785
0 to 17 years	27,170	13,890	13,285	222,955	114,410	108,540
0 to 5 years	9,635	4,935	4,700	75,270	38,595	36,670
18 to 64 years	61,790	28,905	32,885	688,130	334,825	353,305
65 years and over	12,430	4,415	8,020	249,110	93,170	155,930
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	15.7	15.0	16.4	14.6	13.8	15.4
0 to 17 years (%)	20.3	20.3	20.3	14.3	14.3	14.2
0 to 5 years (%)	22.4	22.4	22.4	14.1	14.1	14.1
18 to 64 years (%)	15.3	14.5	16.0	13.7	13.4	14.0
65 years and over (%)	11.7	9.1	13.8	18.7	15.0	21.8
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	55,565	27,355	28,205	731,340	358,085	373,260
0 to 17 years	12,875	6,585	6,280	129,325	66,400	62,925
0 to 5 years	4,685	2,405	2,280	44,375	22,705	21,675
18 to 64 years	40,435	19,815	20,625	514,540	261,485	253,060
65 years and over	2,255	955	1,300	87,475	30,205	57,270
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	8.6	8.7	8.6	9.2	9.1	9.3
0 to 17 years (%)	9.6	9.6	9.6	8.3	8.3	8.2
0 to 5 years (%)	10.9	10.9	10.9	8.3	8.3	8.3
18 to 64 years (%)	10.0	10.0	10.0	10.2	10.5	10.0
65 years and over (%)	2.1	2.0	2.2	6.6	4.9	8.0
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	645,295	315,725	329,575	7,965,450	3,941,440	4,024,015
Official languages	637,875	312,730	325,145	7,891,110	3,911,220	3,979,890
English	637,540	312,570	324,970	3,930,690	2,058,470	1,872,225
French	39,075	16,355	22,710	7,522,350	3,725,145	3,797,200
Non-official languages	129,520	62,535	66,985	1,610,980	776,265	834,720
Aboriginal languages	380	120	255	50,890	25,190	25,700
Algonquian languages	195	70	125	37,515	18,545	18,965
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	30	10	20	34,415	17,050	17,370
Atikamekw	0	0	0	6,640	3,335	3,305
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	9,850	4,735	5,115
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	10	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	775	385	385
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	260	130	130
Plains Cree	0	0	10	10	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	35	25	10
Swampy Cree	0	0	10	15	0	10
Woods Cree	0	0	0	10	10	0
Cree, n.o.s.	20	10	0	17,175	8,600	8,575
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	885	460	420
Malecite	0	0	0	10	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	880	460	425
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	155	50	105	2,340	1,105	1,235
Algonquin	0	0	0	2,240	1,055	1,185
Ojibway	150	50	105	105	50	50
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	10	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	35	20	10
Athabaskan languages	10	0	10	20	10	10
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	10	20	15	10
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	10	0	10
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	10
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	10	0	0	10	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	10	10	10	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	10	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	12,595	6,270	6,330
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	10	0	10	12,485	6,210	6,270
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	115	60	60
Iroquoian languages	160	50	105	740	360	375
Cayuga	10	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	15	0	10	690	350	335
Oneida	130	40	90	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	15	50	15	35
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	15	0	15	30	15	10
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	10	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	10
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	10	0	0	90	40	55
Non-Aboriginal languages	129,150	62,410	66,740	1,560,375	751,215	809,160
Afro-Asiatic languages	17,230	8,875	8,360	301,035	157,545	143,490
Berber languages	15	10	10	27,595	14,650	12,945
Kabyle	0	0	0	16,170	8,580	7,590
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	11,580	6,150	5,425
Cushitic languages	420	185	240	1,550	745	805
Bilen	0	0	0	35	20	10
Oromo	20	10	10	45	30	10
Somali	400	175	225	1,460	680	780
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	10	10	0
Semitic languages	16,785	8,675	8,105	286,625	149,970	136,660
Amharic	410	210	200	1,145	540	600
Arabic	14,640	7,595	7,045	267,965	140,280	127,685
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	1,385	690	695	195	95	95
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	255	135	115	10	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	335	185	145	18,035	9,490	8,540
Maltese	315	150	160	40	10	25
Tigrigna	420	200	215	420	195	225
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	95	60	40	180	85	95
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	50	30	25	810	430	380
Austro-Asiatic languages	3,985	1,880	2,110	46,050	21,955	24,095
Khmer (Cambodian)	1,305	640	665	11,840	5,620	6,220
Vietnamese	2,695	1,250	1,440	34,580	16,520	18,060
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	25	15
Austronesian languages	2,970	1,140	1,825	31,230	11,820	19,410
Bikol	25	0	15	105	45	60
Cebuano	140	35	105	1,105	360	750
Fijian	0	0	0	15	0	10
Hiligaynon	35	10	20	540	195	350
Ilocano	245	95	155	2,500	890	1,610
Malagasy	0	0	0	1,980	940	1,040
Malay	205	105	105	1,210	525	690
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10	10	10	195	95	100
Pangasinan	0	0	0	60	20	40
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	2,615	970	1,650	26,705	9,785	16,915
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	55	10	45
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	50	25	25	540	270	275
Creole languages	235	125	115	115,445	51,970	63,475
Haitian Creole	30	15	15	4,910	2,285	2,620
Creole, n.o.s.	90	40	45	108,315	48,615	59,705
Creole languages, n.i.e.	130	65	60	2,835	1,390	1,445
Dravidian languages	1,860	915	940	18,710	9,495	9,210
Kannada	160	80	80	415	210	205
Malayalam	1,060	505	555	510	285	220
Tamil	575	305	275	17,245	8,680	8,565
Telugu	210	110	95	930	540	390
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	10	15	10	0
Hmong-Mien languages	10	10	0	35	15	25
Indo-European languages	85,910	41,410	44,500	912,945	435,785	477,155
Albanian	1,210	610	600	3,375	1,730	1,645
Armenian	165	65	105	20,290	9,790	10,500
Balto-Slavic languages	16,200	7,930	8,270	88,425	41,725	46,700
Baltic languages	350	170	180	1,080	500	585
Latvian	145	75	70	335	150	185
Lithuanian	205	95	110	755	350	410
Slavic languages	15,875	7,765	8,110	87,520	41,315	46,205
Belarusan	75	35	40	365	150	215
Bosnian	990	540	445	1,975	990	985
Bulgarian	95	40	60	7,345	3,595	3,750
Croatian	1,610	825	790	3,580	1,760	1,820
Czech	550	280	270	2,070	975	1,095
Macedonian	180	85	100	285	140	145
Polish	7,605	3,665	3,940	17,760	8,090	9,665
Russian	2,480	1,180	1,300	46,665	22,265	24,400
Serbian	1,475	755	720	4,050	1,980	2,070
Serbo-Croatian	470	215	255	2,385	1,140	1,245
Slovak	520	265	260	1,520	705	820
Slovene (Slovenian)	315	145	170	970	490	480
Ukrainian	1,290	580	705	9,015	3,885	5,135
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	55	30	25	150	75	75
Celtic languages	165	70	90	495	305	195
Scottish Gaelic	70	20	40	155	95	65
Welsh	45	20	30	85	45	40
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	50	35	15	265	175	95
Germanic languages	25,310	12,035	13,285	63,370	31,835	31,530
Afrikaans	225	110	110	415	260	150
Danish	340	155	180	835	410	420
Dutch	8,690	4,015	4,670	5,060	2,665	2,395
Frisian	195	100	95	15	10	0
German	15,060	7,230	7,825	43,475	21,950	21,530
Icelandic	10	10	0	140	80	60
Norwegian	85	50	40	510	255	255
Swedish	225	110	115	1,580	785	795
Vlaams (Flemish)	610	330	285	760	265	495
Yiddish	25	25	10	12,375	6,225	6,155
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	1,020	535	490	270	125	140
Greek	2,980	1,550	1,425	51,060	25,520	25,540
Indo-Iranian languages	11,780	5,900	5,880	93,655	48,040	45,615
Indo-Aryan languages	8,475	4,290	4,180	59,570	30,870	28,700
Bengali	545	260	280	12,870	6,610	6,260
Gujarati	1,065	570	490	7,950	3,860	4,090
Hindi	3,250	1,725	1,530	15,570	8,285	7,280
Kashmiri	0	0	0	45	35	15
Konkani	15	10	0	150	70	75
Marathi	115	55	55	475	240	230
Nepali	855	425	430	1,445	725	720
Oriya (Odia)	10	10	0	55	35	20
Punjabi (Panjabi)	2,195	1,170	1,020	17,860	9,690	8,165
Sindhi	125	55	70	500	240	255
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	165	65	100	1,335	625	710
Urdu	2,655	1,315	1,340	16,545	8,655	7,890
Iranian languages	3,415	1,670	1,750	35,420	17,830	17,585
Kurdish	1,035	535	500	1,255	665	590
Pashto	280	145	135	1,825	1,005	825
Persian (Farsi)	2,270	1,070	1,200	32,965	16,560	16,405
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	60	40	30	845	425	420
Italic (Romance) languages	30,460	14,570	15,890	627,545	293,620	333,920
Catalan	20	0	10	890	525	365
Italian	5,700	2,820	2,875	173,710	84,430	89,275
Portuguese	8,750	4,285	4,465	55,100	27,620	27,475
Romanian	1,255	605	655	42,655	20,550	22,110
Spanish	15,660	7,270	8,395	390,355	177,610	212,745
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	55	35	25	490	345	145
Japanese	890	435	460	7,040	3,340	3,695
Kartvelian languages	0	0	10	220	110	110
Georgian	0	0	0	215	105	110
Korean	3,265	1,575	1,690	6,260	2,825	3,430
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	270	135	130
Mongolian	0	0	0	265	135	130
Niger-Congo languages	1,365	735	625	52,840	26,665	26,175
Akan (Twi)	170	80	95	1,800	945	855
Bamanankan	0	0	0	2,385	1,240	1,145
Edo	10	0	10	190	95	95
Ewe	10	0	0	1,410	865	545
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	10	0	10	3,400	1,785	1,620
Ga	20	0	20	315	155	160
Ganda	35	20	15	90	40	55
Igbo	100	55	45	275	190	90
Lingala	90	55	40	9,630	4,430	5,200
Rundi (Kirundi)	50	30	15	4,490	2,210	2,285
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	65	25	35	3,535	1,640	1,895
Shona	65	35	30	150	75	80
Swahili	360	180	180	8,015	4,080	3,935
Wolof	10	0	0	6,555	3,545	3,015
Yoruba	260	155	105	885	485	395
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	350	185	165	17,720	9,125	8,595
Nilo-Saharan languages	220	115	105	695	345	350
Dinka	35	20	15	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	185	95	90	695	345	350
Sign languages	1,285	525	760	7,775	3,095	4,675
American Sign Language	660	240	425	675	245	435
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	4,405	1,590	2,815
Sign languages, n.i.e.	645	300	350	2,960	1,350	1,605
Sino-Tibetan languages	9,550	4,565	4,980	90,460	42,695	47,770
Chinese languages	9,290	4,430	4,860	90,060	42,480	47,580
Cantonese	2,555	1,195	1,355	31,885	14,900	16,980
Hakka	45	20	25	545	240	310
Mandarin	6,940	3,265	3,675	59,240	27,560	31,685
Min Dong	15	10	10	15	10	10
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	160	60	105	4,215	1,860	2,350
Wu (Shanghainese)	180	70	110	1,230	535	690
Chinese, n.o.s.	460	245	215	4,800	2,380	2,425
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	90	40	55
Tibeto-Burman languages	260	135	120	430	235	195
Burmese	60	40	25	140	75	60
Karenic languages	155	80	70	105	55	45
Tibetan	10	0	0	65	50	10
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	45	20	25	140	65	80
Tai-Kadai languages	300	130	175	7,280	3,400	3,880
Lao	220	100	115	5,785	2,850	2,935
Thai	125	45	85	2,255	875	1,375
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	10
Turkic languages	730	405	325	12,475	6,265	6,210
Azerbaijani	110	60	50	510	275	235
Turkish	560	310	250	11,415	5,755	5,665
Uyghur	55	35	20	230	110	120
Uzbek	15	0	10	230	105	125
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	235	115	120
Uralic languages	2,485	1,195	1,295	7,870	3,710	4,160
Estonian	60	35	25	150	55	95
Finnish	145	75	65	500	195	305
Hungarian	2,285	1,075	1,210	7,215	3,450	3,765
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	90	45	45	2,140	1,170	970
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	645,295	315,725	329,575	7,965,450	3,941,440	4,024,015
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	613,415	300,210	313,210	7,585,545	3,753,190	3,832,350
Canadian citizens aged under 18	129,270	65,995	63,275	1,521,230	779,620	741,610
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	484,150	234,215	249,930	6,064,310	2,973,575	3,090,740
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	31,880	15,515	16,370	379,910	188,245	191,665
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	645,295	315,720	329,575	7,965,450	3,941,440	4,024,015
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	524,515	257,330	267,190	6,788,085	3,365,345	3,422,735
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	112,105	53,875	58,225	1,091,310	530,325	560,980
Before 1981	42,750	20,385	22,365	238,655	117,080	121,575
1981 to 1990	15,695	7,625	8,070	127,340	63,150	64,190
1991 to 2000	18,165	8,870	9,290	187,860	89,210	98,650
2001 to 2010	22,535	10,730	11,810	322,280	155,785	166,495
2001 to 2005	10,675	5,065	5,615	140,170	67,835	72,335
2006 to 2010	11,860	5,665	6,195	182,115	87,945	94,165
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	12,960	6,270	6,690	215,170	105,105	110,065
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	8,680	4,515	4,160	86,065	45,765	40,295
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	112,100	53,880	58,225	1,091,305	530,325	560,980
Under 5 years	14,855	7,500	7,360	112,930	54,600	58,330
5 to 14 years	24,985	12,765	12,220	174,020	87,165	86,855
15 to 24 years	24,955	11,275	13,675	215,350	98,880	116,475
25 to 44 years	40,255	18,995	21,260	515,770	256,095	259,675
45 years and over	7,050	3,350	3,705	73,230	33,590	39,640
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	112,100	53,875	58,225	1,091,305	530,330	560,980
Americas	21,700	10,140	11,560	247,505	113,190	134,315
Brazil	380	195	180	7,345	3,515	3,830
Colombia	3,530	1,590	1,940	25,580	11,645	13,935
El Salvador	1,680	795	885	11,120	5,500	5,615
Guyana	590	270	320	2,490	1,085	1,410
Haiti	120	55	60	80,965	35,375	45,585
Jamaica	1,415	745	665	4,665	2,040	2,625
Mexico	4,585	2,225	2,365	15,820	7,090	8,730
Peru	170	70	100	13,265	5,945	7,325
Trinidad and Tobago	720	345	375	4,075	1,840	2,240
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	5,365	2,290	3,070	25,955	12,800	13,155
Other places of birth in Americas	3,150	1,565	1,585	56,235	26,370	29,870
Europe	51,255	24,825	26,425	311,090	154,910	156,185
Bosnia and Herzegovina	1,270	665	600	3,785	1,890	1,895
Croatia	1,065	540	520	2,140	1,085	1,050
France	340	165	180	81,225	43,490	37,735
Germany	3,260	1,590	1,665	9,750	4,365	5,390
Greece	1,265	655	610	18,420	9,135	9,285
Hungary	1,255	615	640	3,325	1,620	1,700
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	730	400	325	820	485	330
Italy	2,720	1,435	1,285	51,025	25,370	25,655
Netherlands	6,720	3,300	3,420	1,990	1,035	955
Poland	5,185	2,375	2,815	10,735	4,675	6,060
Portugal	5,190	2,605	2,585	18,985	9,185	9,800
Romania	1,270	610	660	28,695	13,695	15,005
Russian Federation	595	265	330	11,355	4,975	6,375
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	615	305	305	1,790	830	960
Ukraine	720	285	430	8,670	3,800	4,870
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	14,015	6,505	7,510	12,905	6,645	6,260
Other places of birth in Europe	5,045	2,505	2,540	45,500	22,630	22,870
Africa	5,655	2,850	2,800	241,410	125,250	116,165
Algeria	90	50	40	59,465	31,180	28,280
Egypt	1,110	585	530	19,490	10,290	9,200
Ethiopia	325	155	170	995	495	495
Kenya	280	130	155	785	355	430
Morocco	40	20	25	60,700	31,435	29,270
Nigeria	375	195	180	1,340	740	600
Somalia	225	110	120	580	270	310
South Africa, Republic of	575	315	260	865	475	385
Other places of birth in Africa	2,625	1,295	1,330	97,200	50,005	47,190
Asia	33,080	15,800	17,275	289,825	136,175	153,655
Afghanistan	615	300	310	7,280	3,640	3,640
Bangladesh	345	170	175	7,940	3,990	3,950
China^{Census data footnote 59}	3,990	1,745	2,245	49,555	19,905	29,655
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	715	345	370	4,730	2,290	2,435
India	3,775	1,905	1,870	17,865	9,195	8,670
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	1,175	565	615	17,760	8,880	8,885
Iraq	2,775	1,405	1,370	3,735	1,960	1,775
Japan	230	70	165	1,725	395	1,330
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	2,220	1,050	1,165	4,230	1,995	2,230
Lebanon	1,820	955	865	39,135	20,800	18,340
Pakistan	1,660	845	815	10,010	5,260	4,750
Philippines	2,610	945	1,665	24,410	9,040	15,370
Sri Lanka	270	125	145	10,715	5,335	5,380
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	2,140	1,050	1,090	17,775	8,800	8,980
Taiwan	180	75	105	2,735	1,100	1,635
Viet Nam	1,935	865	1,070	25,440	11,765	13,675
Other places of birth in Asia	6,625	3,390	3,235	44,795	21,840	22,950
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	415	255	165	1,480	805	670
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	12,960	6,270	6,690	215,170	105,105	110,065
Americas	2,640	1,215	1,425	47,710	22,625	25,085
Brazil	45	20	20	3,010	1,495	1,520
Colombia	635	240	390	7,540	3,465	4,075
Cuba	80	30	45	2,565	1,260	1,315
Haiti	50	25	25	16,880	7,690	9,190
Jamaica	185	120	65	190	140	55
Mexico	465	245	220	4,210	1,955	2,255
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	640	295	350	3,990	2,265	1,720
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	85	40	45	1,955	935	1,020
Other places of birth in Americas	450	200	250	7,365	3,425	3,935
Europe	1,095	585	505	39,320	20,085	19,235
France	35	15	15	20,030	10,855	9,175
Germany	65	35	30	580	250	330
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	25	15	10	135	105	35
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	0	0	0	3,750	1,695	2,055
Romania	45	20	30	2,945	1,260	1,685
Russian Federation	90	20	60	1,970	865	1,105
Ukraine	95	35	60	2,460	1,110	1,350
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	300	195	105	860	565	290
Other places of birth in Europe	440	250	190	6,590	3,385	3,205
Africa	1,135	565	565	74,200	37,110	37,090
Algeria	15	10	0	16,380	8,060	8,320
Cameroon	60	25	30	7,550	3,705	3,845
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	70	40	30	3,370	1,655	1,715
Côte d'Ivoire	25	10	15	5,070	2,505	2,565
Egypt	300	155	145	4,360	2,260	2,095
Eritrea	65	45	25	50	30	20
Ethiopia	15	0	10	125	65	60
Morocco	0	0	10	13,475	6,675	6,805
Nigeria	105	55	50	540	280	260
Somalia	35	25	15	95	40	50
South Africa, Republic of	45	20	25	175	115	60
Tunisia	15	0	10	5,855	3,025	2,825
Other places of birth in Africa	375	170	210	17,155	8,690	8,470
Asia	8,050	3,885	4,165	53,595	25,070	28,525
Afghanistan	125	60	60	1,555	715	840
Bangladesh	105	60	45	860	455	405
China^{Census data footnote 59}	980	435	545	10,705	4,805	5,895
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	10	0	10	120	35	80
India	1,035	545	490	2,960	1,555	1,405
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	265	130	135	7,505	3,545	3,960
Iraq	925	450	475	985	465	515
Israel	20	10	10	645	390	255
Japan	65	25	35	330	30	295
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	415	210	200	825	370	455
Lebanon	205	100	110	3,955	2,100	1,860
Nepal	250	130	115	360	165	195
Pakistan	265	145	125	1,815	920	895
Philippines	635	245	385	5,635	2,345	3,290
Saudi Arabia	175	80	100	435	210	225
Sri Lanka	45	30	20	860	380	480
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	1,240	625	615	7,455	3,740	3,715
Taiwan	25	10	15	170	60	105
Turkey	85	45	40	585	300	285
United Arab Emirates	170	105	65	300	160	145
Viet Nam	70	15	55	1,505	560	945
Other places of birth in Asia	945	440	500	4,025	1,765	2,265
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	55	20	30	345	215	135
Australia	35	0	30	190	120	70
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	20	15	10	155	95	65
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	645,295	315,725	329,575	7,965,450	3,941,440	4,024,015
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	124,110	60,170	63,940	1,204,895	590,175	614,720
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	131,005	65,010	65,995	792,085	399,535	392,550
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	390,185	190,540	199,640	5,968,475	2,951,730	3,016,745
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	70,575	34,100	36,480	867,685	420,465	447,220
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	29,080	14,690	14,390	469,015	243,915	225,100
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	9,820	6,720	3,105	224,720	137,975	86,745
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	19,265	7,970	11,290	244,300	105,945	138,360
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	19,305	7,860	11,445	241,225	96,130	145,095
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	21,465	11,220	10,245	146,295	75,100	71,195
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	725	335	395	11,150	5,320	5,825
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	645,295	315,720	329,575	7,965,450	3,941,440	4,024,010
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	15,175	7,035	8,140	182,885	91,890	90,995
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	14,645	6,810	7,835	175,960	88,635	87,325
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	10,575	4,900	5,675	92,655	45,510	47,145
Métis	3,955	1,825	2,125	69,365	36,260	33,100
Inuk (Inuit)	115	80	35	13,940	6,865	7,075
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	135	55	80	2,760	1,330	1,430
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	395	170	220	4,170	1,930	2,245
Non-Aboriginal identity	630,120	308,685	321,435	7,782,560	3,849,550	3,933,015
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	645,295	315,720	329,575	7,965,455	3,941,440	4,024,015
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	6,765	2,945	3,815	77,490	38,580	38,915
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	638,530	312,775	325,760	7,887,960	3,902,860	3,985,100
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	645,300	315,725	329,575	7,965,455	3,941,440	4,024,015
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	3,645	1,680	1,965	118,780	58,535	60,245
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	3,610	1,660	1,950	115,480	56,930	58,550
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	3,200	1,430	1,765	87,700	42,730	44,965
Métis single ancestry	365	195	170	17,585	9,225	8,360
Inuit single ancestry	50	35	15	10,200	4,980	5,220
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	30	20	15	3,300	1,605	1,700
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	25	20	0	2,220	1,115	1,105
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	10	0	10	995	455	540
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	65	25	40
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	20	10	15
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	19,345	8,895	10,445	240,650	113,905	126,740
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	19,020	8,755	10,270	235,365	111,205	124,165
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	14,690	6,735	7,950	193,625	90,650	102,975
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	4,135	1,925	2,215	37,080	18,320	18,760
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	195	100	100	4,660	2,230	2,425
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	320	140	180	5,280	2,700	2,575
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	285	115	170	4,040	2,105	1,940
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	30	20	10	990	475	515
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	225	110	115
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	25	15	10
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	622,305	305,145	317,160	7,606,025	3,769,000	3,837,030
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	645,295	315,720	329,575	7,965,450	3,941,440	4,024,015
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	82,490	40,790	41,700	1,032,365	505,180	527,185
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	12,740	6,495	6,245	90,335	46,750	43,585
Chinese	11,010	5,170	5,840	99,505	44,370	55,135
Black	13,140	6,790	6,345	319,230	154,110	165,120
Filipino	4,125	1,730	2,390	34,910	14,275	20,635
Latin American	9,855	4,750	5,105	133,920	64,655	69,260
Arab	13,895	7,245	6,650	213,740	113,420	100,320
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	5,455	2,670	2,785	62,820	29,960	32,865
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	3,325	1,590	1,740	32,405	16,200	16,210
Korean	3,520	1,680	1,845	8,055	3,865	4,190
Japanese	810	365	445	4,570	1,755	2,820
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	2,030	1,065	965	9,840	4,670	5,175
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	2,575	1,230	1,340	23,045	11,160	11,885
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	562,805	274,935	287,875	6,933,085	3,436,260	3,496,830
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	645,295	315,720	329,575	7,965,455	3,941,435	4,024,010
North American Aboriginal origins	22,990	10,580	12,415	359,430	172,440	186,985
First Nations (North American Indian)	18,240	8,325	9,910	289,610	137,550	152,065
Inuit	290	160	130	17,175	8,300	8,880
Métis	4,815	2,260	2,560	61,260	30,915	30,345
Other North American origins	192,495	94,080	98,415	4,850,145	2,390,545	2,459,605
Acadian	630	300	330	34,785	16,440	18,345
American	8,325	3,945	4,380	45,050	21,470	23,580
Canadian	186,825	91,400	95,425	4,647,840	2,288,280	2,359,555
New Brunswicker	10	0	0	750	370	380
Newfoundlander	430	190	240	570	280	295
Nova Scotian	40	15	20	365	155	215
Ontarian	60	30	30	1,345	660	685
Québécois	175	60	110	184,005	93,895	90,110
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	20	10	10	205	110	100
European origins	481,285	234,190	247,095	3,037,890	1,511,060	1,526,825
British Isles origins	325,840	157,115	168,725	745,715	360,135	385,575
Channel Islander	10	0	15	1,440	725	720
Cornish	50	30	25	70	35	40
English	201,055	96,125	104,930	228,520	111,855	116,670
Irish	127,730	59,685	68,050	446,215	211,545	234,665
Manx	155	105	50	200	105	95
Scottish	144,870	69,615	75,255	215,030	103,395	111,635
Welsh	12,560	6,015	6,550	10,765	5,075	5,690
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	20,810	9,535	11,280	32,525	15,440	17,080
French origins	60,160	27,775	32,380	1,878,795	941,770	937,025
Alsatian	70	20	50	1,050	520	525
Breton	10	0	0	11,140	5,410	5,725
Corsican	0	10	0	1,270	690	580
French	60,105	27,760	32,345	1,870,545	937,665	932,875
Western European origins (except French origins)	155,330	75,880	79,455	244,380	119,115	125,260
Austrian	2,955	1,505	1,455	12,710	6,285	6,430
Bavarian	20	15	10	40	30	20
Belgian	9,500	4,670	4,830	51,340	25,295	26,050
Dutch	60,730	30,130	30,605	26,000	12,805	13,190
Flemish	550	265	285	1,345	660	685
Frisian	380	185	190	15	20	0
German	91,775	44,300	47,470	142,225	68,250	73,975
Luxembourger	15	0	10	910	445	460
Swiss	3,485	1,705	1,785	24,500	12,615	11,885
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	55	35	20	125	80	50
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	12,565	5,860	6,710	25,460	12,490	12,975
Danish	3,465	1,735	1,725	5,700	2,815	2,885
Finnish	2,025	875	1,145	3,130	1,430	1,700
Icelandic	495	240	255	955	480	470
Norwegian	3,095	1,440	1,655	7,820	3,835	3,985
Swedish	3,240	1,410	1,825	6,840	3,275	3,565
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	950	445	500	2,500	1,265	1,230
Eastern European origins	64,115	31,295	32,825	249,940	121,660	128,285
Bulgarian	430	185	250	9,570	4,675	4,895
Byelorussian	550	270	280	2,530	1,235	1,295
Czech	2,160	1,095	1,060	6,295	2,965	3,330
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	970	465	505	2,150	1,100	1,050
Estonian	375	185	195	890	460	435
Hungarian	12,110	6,000	6,110	28,280	13,970	14,310
Latvian	520	260	260	1,740	835	905
Lithuanian	1,685	850	830	6,630	3,320	3,305
Moldovan	25	10	10	7,620	3,710	3,900
Polish	24,485	11,805	12,680	79,040	38,705	40,335
Romanian	3,850	1,845	2,010	53,060	25,935	27,125
Russian	8,540	4,120	4,415	55,230	26,405	28,830
Slovak	2,095	1,065	1,035	4,770	2,375	2,395
Ukrainian	15,105	7,390	7,715	42,550	20,575	21,975
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	180	90	90	2,900	1,505	1,400
Southern European origins	64,375	32,175	32,200	549,750	273,670	276,080
Albanian	1,320	645	670	3,760	1,950	1,805
Bosnian	1,220	680	535	2,970	1,485	1,490
Catalan	20	10	0	735	395	340
Croatian	3,500	1,795	1,705	6,745	3,375	3,370
Cypriot	220	85	135	480	240	245
Greek	6,045	3,030	3,020	71,330	36,235	35,090
Italian	26,425	13,090	13,335	326,700	162,650	164,045
Kosovar	190	105	85	505	295	210
Macedonian	525	250	275	775	400	370
Maltese	2,255	1,100	1,155	1,220	615	610
Montenegrin	95	50	45	450	250	200
Portuguese	15,635	8,060	7,575	69,805	34,825	34,980
Serbian	2,110	1,055	1,060	5,950	2,915	3,040
Sicilian	165	65	100	1,435	710	725
Slovenian	1,210	640	575	2,510	1,225	1,280
Spanish	6,200	2,850	3,355	85,360	41,745	43,615
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	1,610	755	860	3,270	1,595	1,670
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	50	25	25	300	155	145
Other European origins	2,700	1,335	1,370	38,670	19,875	18,800
Basque	35	15	20	3,620	1,930	1,690
Jewish	1,270	570	695	25,235	12,955	12,280
Roma (Gypsy)	60	15	45	475	270	205
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	105	70	40	360	180	185
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	1,230	660	565	9,215	4,690	4,530
Caribbean origins	8,380	4,325	4,055	201,625	93,935	107,690
Antiguan	15	10	15	380	170	205
Bahamian	165	95	70	430	205	225
Barbadian	715	390	330	5,570	2,585	2,985
Bermudan	80	40	35	115	50	65
Carib	15	10	10	405	150	255
Cuban	425	195	230	9,830	4,800	5,035
Dominican	200	95	105	11,560	5,320	6,235
Grenadian	190	100	90	1,965	790	1,175
Guadeloupean	10	0	0	1,010	475	535
Haitian	225	125	95	143,165	66,245	76,925
Jamaican	4,470	2,310	2,160	14,100	6,785	7,315
Kittitian/Nevisian	20	15	10	360	200	160
Martinican	0	0	0	1,775	820	950
Montserratan	0	0	0	240	140	105
Puerto Rican	40	25	15	530	270	255
St. Lucian	70	40	30	860	450	405
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	1,190	635	550	6,585	2,925	3,660
Vincentian/Grenadinian	95	65	30	4,020	1,695	2,325
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	685	305	380	5,635	2,610	3,025
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	295	155	140	4,195	1,995	2,205
Latin, Central and South American origins	15,845	7,725	8,120	167,275	81,215	86,065
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	380	190	190	6,100	2,885	3,210
Arawak	15	0	10	180	60	120
Argentinian	210	100	110	4,950	2,490	2,460
Belizean	45	25	25	80	40	40
Bolivian	45	15	25	1,730	815	915
Brazilian	420	210	210	8,345	4,075	4,275
Chilean	375	190	190	14,060	7,055	7,005
Colombian	4,515	2,095	2,415	33,965	15,915	18,050
Costa Rican	85	35	50	1,180	570	610
Ecuadorian	85	45	40	2,720	1,255	1,470
Guatemalan	380	205	175	10,175	5,380	4,795
Guyanese	1,010	485	530	3,670	1,810	1,860
Hispanic	315	140	180	1,155	570	585
Honduran	240	130	110	4,335	2,135	2,200
Maya	115	75	45	1,670	935	735
Mexican	4,495	2,225	2,270	26,930	13,185	13,745
Nicaraguan	555	285	265	2,805	1,360	1,445
Panamanian	35	25	10	1,460	755	710
Paraguayan	25	15	10	365	155	205
Peruvian	330	180	155	19,735	9,240	10,495
Salvadorean	2,050	1,000	1,050	19,200	9,535	9,665
Uruguayan	20	10	10	1,755	815	940
Venezuelan	360	145	210	7,475	3,430	4,045
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	475	255	225	5,845	2,965	2,880
African origins	11,145	5,795	5,345	382,665	196,910	185,755
Central and West African origins	1,620	830	795	86,695	44,720	41,975
Akan	0	0	0	630	325	310
Angolan	50	30	20	875	425	450
Ashanti	25	10	25	120	90	35
Beninese	0	0	0	4,125	2,220	1,915
Burkinabe	0	0	0	2,465	1,325	1,145
Cameroonian	100	45	55	17,095	8,635	8,465
Chadian	0	0	0	1,045	525	520
Congolese	220	115	105	20,210	9,960	10,250
Edo	0	0	0	110	60	45
Ewe	0	0	0	460	265	200
Gabonese	0	0	0	1,165	545	620
Gambian	0	10	0	150	95	55
Ghanaian	355	180	175	3,235	1,660	1,575
Guinean	15	10	0	5,255	2,765	2,485
Ibo	30	20	10	185	95	95
Ivorian	20	0	15	8,545	4,350	4,200
Liberian	105	40	65	150	60	90
Malian	0	0	0	3,535	1,755	1,775
Malinké	15	10	15	635	340	295
Nigerian	530	290	245	2,820	1,510	1,310
Peulh	0	0	0	2,110	1,080	1,030
Senegalese	10	0	0	8,250	4,420	3,835
Sierra Leonean	0	0	10	110	55	55
Togolese	0	0	0	4,080	2,210	1,870
Wolof	0	0	0	660	390	270
Yoruba	140	55	80	460	225	235
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	80	50	30	6,955	3,690	3,275
North African origins	3,315	1,855	1,465	225,125	117,725	107,410
Algerian	100	45	50	60,375	31,185	29,190
Berber	30	15	20	33,825	17,840	15,985
Coptic	50	25	20	685	385	305
Dinka	80	35	50	15	10	10
Egyptian	1,815	1,010	805	29,400	15,295	14,100
Libyan	255	135	120	1,075	590	485
Maure	0	0	0	530	290	240
Moroccan	105	40	65	85,940	44,520	41,420
Sudanese	830	495	340	370	220	150
Tunisian	85	45	35	21,475	11,775	9,695
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	75	50	25	3,340	1,845	1,490
Southern and East African origins	3,410	1,690	1,720	28,925	14,225	14,705
Afrikaner	10	0	10	115	75	40
Amhara	30	10	20	65	30	35
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	50	25	25	1,905	1,040	870
Burundian	75	45	30	6,015	2,945	3,070
Djiboutian	55	25	25	450	205	245
Eritrean	575	300	270	580	290	290
Ethiopian	635	295	340	1,575	785	785
Harari	10	0	0	20	10	10
Kenyan	125	60	60	530	270	260
Malagasy	0	0	10	3,735	1,815	1,920
Mauritian	30	20	0	3,695	1,735	1,960
Oromo	25	0	20	20	15	10
Rwandan	110	35	70	5,130	2,445	2,685
Seychellois	10	0	0	775	345	425
Somali	620	290	330	1,785	865	915
South African	695	370	325	900	490	420
Tanzanian	30	20	10	325	190	140
Tigrian	25	15	15	95	35	55
Ugandan	115	55	60	290	135	160
Zambian	10	0	10	45	20	25
Zimbabwean	110	55	55	300	150	145
Zulu	20	10	10	70	35	35
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	255	115	135	1,790	915	875
Other African origins	2,955	1,510	1,450	46,805	22,845	23,965
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	450	230	220	3,800	1,845	1,950
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	2,520	1,285	1,230	43,785	21,415	22,370
Asian origins	61,555	29,945	31,615	563,150	275,170	287,980
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	21,630	10,960	10,670	240,795	123,985	116,810
Afghan	920	445	480	10,945	5,550	5,395
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	2,750	1,445	1,305	44,875	23,680	21,195
Armenian	415	160	255	27,380	13,515	13,865
Assyrian	1,100	565	535	370	205	165
Azerbaijani	70	35	35	555	295	255
Georgian	0	0	10	635	295	345
Hazara	15	10	10	385	190	200
Iranian	1,890	945	945	25,530	12,845	12,685
Iraqi	2,575	1,305	1,270	5,520	2,780	2,740
Israeli	165	95	65	6,060	3,235	2,830
Jordanian	630	345	285	1,610	840	770
Kazakh	25	15	10	620	295	325
Kurd	1,005	530	470	2,135	1,180	960
Kuwaiti	35	20	15	95	50	50
Kyrgyz	10	0	0	260	140	120
Lebanese	5,140	2,615	2,520	78,140	40,695	37,450
Palestinian	2,400	1,180	1,225	6,865	3,520	3,345
Pashtun	35	15	15	515	280	235
Saudi Arabian	310	165	140	645	390	255
Syrian	2,290	1,105	1,180	27,465	13,845	13,620
Tajik	40	20	15	390	180	210
Tatar	30	15	15	910	430	485
Turk	1,140	595	545	15,060	7,520	7,545
Turkmen	50	35	15	65	45	25
Uighur	50	35	15	375	185	190
Uzbek	40	20	15	465	210	255
Yemeni	85	30	50	805	450	355
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	990	540	450	2,465	1,385	1,075
South Asian origins	13,245	6,665	6,580	95,670	48,925	46,745
Bangladeshi	285	150	140	7,075	3,625	3,450
Bengali	230	95	135	4,125	2,035	2,090
Bhutanese	515	220	295	420	205	215
East Indian	9,180	4,675	4,505	51,650	26,505	25,140
Goan	70	35	35	210	105	110
Gujarati	10	0	0	420	205	215
Kashmiri	20	10	10	260	155	105
Nepali	420	225	195	930	460	470
Pakistani	1,935	1,000	940	13,535	7,000	6,535
Punjabi	350	180	170	2,970	1,675	1,295
Sinhalese	110	50	60	310	135	175
Sri Lankan	355	160	195	14,750	7,300	7,450
Tamil	120	60	60	3,100	1,610	1,495
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	635	300	335	2,135	1,190	945
East and Southeast Asian origins	27,140	12,530	14,615	229,985	103,805	126,180
Burmese	225	135	85	530	270	255
Cambodian (Khmer)	1,720	835	885	15,345	7,360	7,985
Chinese	12,830	5,905	6,925	121,445	54,595	66,850
Filipino	4,715	2,005	2,710	37,910	15,590	22,320
Hmong	20	20	0	35	10	20
Indonesian	340	165	175	1,320	570	755
Japanese	1,040	455	585	6,495	2,615	3,875
Karen	125	60	60	95	55	40
Korean	3,590	1,705	1,885	8,740	4,155	4,580
Laotian	345	190	160	7,625	3,860	3,770
Malaysian	120	45	75	645	300	340
Mongolian	110	55	55	960	470	485
Singaporean	20	15	0	105	65	40
Taiwanese	135	70	70	2,205	940	1,265
Thai	225	105	120	2,695	1,065	1,635
Tibetan	20	10	10	80	45	30
Vietnamese	3,370	1,560	1,805	43,080	20,790	22,290
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	70	35	40	275	125	155
Other Asian origins	315	155	160	1,765	905	865
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	310	155	155	1,770	905	860
Oceania origins	915	420	490	3,250	1,730	1,515
Australian	605	315	295	2,055	1,125	935
New Zealander	195	60	140	490	245	245
Pacific Islands origins	120	50	70	785	410	380
Fijian	35	10	30	70	25	40
Hawaiian	10	0	0	60	40	20
Maori	45	25	20	90	55	35
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	0	0	0	290	145	145
Samoan	10	0	0	15	15	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	30	20	10	295	155	145
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	269,305	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
Owner	179,725	...	...	2,163,735	...	...
Renter	89,585	...	...	1,362,010	...	...
Band housing	0	...	...	5,915	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	269,305	...	...	3,531,660	...	...
Condominium	28,050	...	...	413,325	...	...
Not condominium	241,255	...	...	3,118,340	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	269,305	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
No bedrooms	740	...	...	23,725	...	...
1 bedroom	32,510	...	...	573,370	...	...
2 bedrooms	63,200	...	...	1,100,310	...	...
3 bedrooms	106,895	...	...	1,157,300	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	65,955	...	...	676,955	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	269,310	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	58,135	...	...	1,258,215	...	...
5 rooms	34,425	...	...	620,935	...	...
6 rooms	40,740	...	...	432,090	...	...
7 rooms	39,710	...	...	403,255	...	...
8 or more rooms	96,295	...	...	817,165	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.7	...	...	5.8	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	269,305	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
One person or fewer per room	266,505	...	...	3,492,135	...	...
More than 1 person per room	2,800	...	...	39,530	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	269,305	...	...	3,531,660	...	...
Suitable	259,430	...	...	3,398,910	...	...
Not suitable	9,880	...	...	132,755	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	269,305	...	...	3,531,660	...	...
1960 or before	76,865	...	...	894,495	...	...
1961 to 1980	78,485	...	...	1,116,760	...	...
1981 to 1990	35,595	...	...	503,495	...	...
1991 to 2000	30,225	...	...	369,020	...	...
2001 to 2005	16,225	...	...	196,830	...	...
2006 to 2010	18,075	...	...	241,545	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	13,840	...	...	209,515	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	269,305	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	253,040	...	...	3,304,625	...	...
Major repairs needed	16,265	...	...	227,040	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	269,310	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
1 household maintainer	157,970	...	...	2,221,970	...	...
2 household maintainers	106,430	...	...	1,264,195	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	4,905	...	...	45,500	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	269,305	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
15 to 24 years	10,755	...	...	119,495	...	...
25 to 34 years	39,120	...	...	498,070	...	...
35 to 44 years	43,125	...	...	603,840	...	...
45 to 54 years	53,425	...	...	682,290	...	...
55 to 64 years	52,835	...	...	731,390	...	...
65 to 74 years	39,005	...	...	541,630	...	...
75 to 84 years	22,420	...	...	270,280	...	...
85 years and over	8,620	...	...	84,680	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	264,570	...	...	3,496,460	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	200,330	...	...	2,763,105	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	64,240	...	...	733,355	...	...
30% to less than 100%	55,770	...	...	647,975	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	175,565	...	...	2,141,690	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	61.5	...	...	61.9	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	13.9	...	...	12.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,105	...	...	983	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,207	...	...	1,085	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	259,402	...	...	250,302	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	299,142	...	...	290,484	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	89,240	...	...	1,358,265	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	12.1	...	...	9.3	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	44.7	...	...	33.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	869	...	...	720	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	925	...	...	775	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	534,255	258,915	275,340	6,634,280	3,260,035	3,374,240
No certificate, diploma or degree	101,575	51,830	49,740	1,323,070	674,955	648,115
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	153,265	77,165	76,105	1,426,980	674,820	752,155
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	279,415	129,920	149,495	3,884,235	1,910,260	1,973,970
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	35,240	25,025	10,220	1,120,730	681,515	439,215
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	16,850	10,155	6,695	806,585	435,090	371,495
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	18,395	14,865	3,525	314,145	246,425	67,720
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	128,695	53,925	74,770	1,165,515	506,775	658,740
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	8,835	3,975	4,865	236,255	93,680	142,575
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	106,645	47,000	59,645	1,361,730	628,290	733,440
Bachelor's degree	69,805	28,965	40,850	872,060	384,275	487,790
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	7,385	3,010	4,370	118,955	54,255	64,695
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	4,245	2,365	1,875	39,045	19,865	19,185
Master's degree	19,830	9,210	10,625	281,215	139,280	141,935
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	5,380	3,460	1,920	50,455	30,615	19,840
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	342,900	166,730	176,170	4,371,935	2,167,810	2,204,125
No certificate, diploma or degree	39,770	22,065	17,705	580,635	323,880	256,750
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	90,635	47,760	42,875	808,955	396,620	412,330
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	212,490	96,900	115,585	2,982,345	1,447,305	1,535,040
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	23,670	16,895	6,775	866,595	513,575	353,015
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	11,450	6,985	4,465	631,795	330,140	301,655
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	12,220	9,905	2,315	234,800	183,440	51,360
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	99,955	42,285	57,670	832,430	367,185	465,245
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	6,080	2,795	3,285	167,025	67,530	99,495
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	82,785	34,925	47,860	1,116,300	499,010	617,290
Bachelor's degree	53,570	21,535	32,030	712,935	308,760	404,175
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	5,510	2,100	3,415	94,240	40,085	54,160
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	3,380	1,675	1,705	30,775	13,505	17,270
Master's degree	16,125	7,090	9,035	238,300	113,895	124,410
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	4,200	2,525	1,675	40,050	22,780	17,270
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	534,255	258,915	275,345	6,634,280	3,260,040	3,374,245
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	254,835	128,990	125,850	2,750,050	1,349,775	1,400,270
Education	16,255	4,045	12,215	273,320	62,470	210,845
13. Education	16,260	4,045	12,215	273,320	62,470	210,845
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	10,135	4,475	5,660	156,720	71,485	85,240
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	1,940	1,480	460	25,380	18,280	7,100
50. Visual and performing arts	8,195	2,995	5,195	131,340	53,200	78,140
Humanities	15,625	6,170	9,455	215,735	86,065	129,675
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	1,065	225	840	32,180	7,165	25,020
23. English language and literature/letters	4,290	1,270	3,015	12,900	4,060	8,835
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	3,325	1,265	2,060	103,120	42,685	60,435
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	135	25	110	880	395	485
38. Philosophy and religious studies	1,265	710	560	10,400	6,650	3,755
39. Theology and religious vocations	1,755	1,040	715	10,125	6,200	3,930
54. History	2,825	1,495	1,325	17,055	9,990	7,065
55. French language and literature/letters	970	135	835	29,070	8,920	20,155
Social and behavioural sciences and law	35,405	10,710	24,695	380,995	125,025	255,975
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	335	35	300	4,315	1,165	3,150
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	2,240	970	1,270	48,530	16,690	31,845
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	8,350	605	7,740	77,470	6,070	71,400
22. Legal professions and studies	5,030	1,410	3,625	67,185	25,785	41,395
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	655	170	490	9,905	2,035	7,870
42. Psychology	5,640	1,440	4,195	57,335	14,030	43,305
45. Social sciences	13,155	6,080	7,075	116,255	59,245	57,015
Business, management and public administration	50,435	19,295	31,140	879,190	321,450	557,740
30.16 Accounting and computer science	130	35	95	815	300	520
44. Public administration and social service professions	5,490	1,070	4,425	47,715	10,490	37,225
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	44,810	18,190	26,620	830,660	310,665	519,990
Physical and life sciences and technologies	10,050	4,925	5,125	140,990	76,780	64,215
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	4,870	2,180	2,695	49,705	20,900	28,805
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	1,800	780	1,020	23,210	13,865	9,350
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	135	40	100	21,890	10,810	11,080
40. Physical sciences	2,610	1,720	890	39,060	27,545	11,515
41. Science technologies/technicians	625	215	415	7,120	3,660	3,465
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	10,350	6,580	3,765	152,105	104,850	47,255
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	7,625	5,370	2,255	125,480	92,730	32,750
25. Library science	1,040	210	825	11,110	2,145	8,965
27. Mathematics and statistics	1,560	935	625	13,415	8,365	5,045
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	130	70	55	2,100	1,605	495
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	53,835	50,005	3,830	828,400	758,350	70,055
04. Architecture and related services	1,755	1,260	500	29,015	17,055	11,960
14. Engineering	8,660	7,145	1,515	150,450	124,585	25,865
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	12,365	11,320	1,045	150,640	135,445	15,195
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	60	20	40
46. Construction trades	10,710	10,480	235	185,385	179,995	5,390
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	12,705	12,470	230	184,280	178,510	5,770
48. Precision production	7,635	7,325	310	128,580	122,750	5,830
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	7,525	5,395	2,125	85,485	56,900	28,585
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	5,915	4,360	1,560	51,770	30,870	20,900
03. Natural resources and conservation	1,605	1,035	570	33,715	26,025	7,690
Health and related fields	51,800	9,875	41,920	480,230	95,450	384,780
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	4,350	2,155	2,190	27,955	14,675	13,280
51. Health professions and related programs	45,995	6,890	39,105	441,105	74,630	366,470
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	1,455	830	625	11,160	6,140	5,020
Personal, protective and transportation services	17,920	8,425	9,500	290,005	151,070	138,935
12. Personal and culinary services	9,685	2,175	7,510	164,595	43,720	120,875
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	40	40	0	290	270	20
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	90	80	10	1,345	1,245	100
43. Security and protective services	5,290	3,550	1,745	54,625	42,415	12,210
49. Transportation and materials moving	2,815	2,580	235	69,160	63,425	5,740
Other	85	10	70	1,055	375	680
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	85	10	70	1,055	375	675
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	342,895	166,730	176,165	4,371,935	2,167,805	2,204,130
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	130,410	69,825	60,580	1,389,585	720,500	669,085
Education	10,580	2,515	8,070	180,615	37,990	142,625
13. Education	10,585	2,510	8,070	180,615	37,990	142,625
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	7,915	3,430	4,490	122,045	55,575	66,475
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	1,440	1,050	390	19,510	13,740	5,770
50. Visual and performing arts	6,480	2,375	4,100	102,535	41,830	60,705
Humanities	11,315	4,295	7,020	138,330	54,580	83,750
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	790	170	615	25,220	5,455	19,765
23. English language and literature/letters	3,120	835	2,290	9,585	2,990	6,595
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	2,315	865	1,455	57,730	25,305	32,430
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	110	25	85	600	255	350
38. Philosophy and religious studies	990	540	450	6,980	4,415	2,570
39. Theology and religious vocations	1,200	710	500	5,415	3,380	2,035
54. History	2,130	1,085	1,045	12,235	7,140	5,095
55. French language and literature/letters	660	75	585	20,555	5,640	14,915
Social and behavioural sciences and law	27,885	8,120	19,765	301,550	95,120	206,430
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	290	30	260	3,550	925	2,620
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	1,815	770	1,050	40,275	13,900	26,370
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	6,690	470	6,225	63,120	4,295	58,825
22. Legal professions and studies	4,320	1,020	3,305	53,620	18,830	34,790
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	505	120	385	6,840	1,420	5,420
42. Psychology	4,135	1,015	3,120	44,540	10,255	34,285
45. Social sciences	10,120	4,705	5,420	89,610	45,495	44,110
Business, management and public administration	39,250	14,410	24,840	706,400	248,920	457,480
30.16 Accounting and computer science	115	25	90	615	215	400
44. Public administration and social service professions	4,495	790	3,700	38,320	7,835	30,485
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	34,645	13,590	21,055	667,470	240,870	426,600
Physical and life sciences and technologies	7,585	3,530	4,055	92,480	49,390	43,090
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	3,775	1,615	2,160	40,895	16,635	24,260
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	1,315	530	780	12,450	7,435	5,015
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	120	25	95	4,175	2,385	1,785
40. Physical sciences	1,920	1,215	710	29,705	20,255	9,445
41. Science technologies/technicians	465	155	310	5,255	2,675	2,580
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	8,715	5,550	3,170	132,750	91,865	40,885
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	6,690	4,695	1,995	112,715	83,240	29,470
25. Library science	785	160	625	8,720	1,665	7,055
27. Mathematics and statistics	1,140	645	500	9,725	5,815	3,915
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	105	50	55	1,585	1,150	440
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	40,420	37,225	3,200	639,185	577,845	61,335
04. Architecture and related services	1,490	1,075	415	24,260	13,870	10,385
14. Engineering	6,585	5,315	1,270	126,835	103,165	23,665
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	9,730	8,825	900	116,595	103,710	12,885
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	50	15	30
46. Construction trades	7,645	7,475	170	134,865	130,350	4,510
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	9,345	9,165	185	139,935	135,155	4,780
48. Precision production	5,625	5,365	260	96,655	91,580	5,075
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	5,790	4,020	1,770	69,865	45,215	24,655
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	4,545	3,230	1,315	41,755	23,965	17,795
03. Natural resources and conservation	1,245	790	455	28,110	21,250	6,860
Health and related fields	39,360	7,370	31,995	368,600	72,245	296,355
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	3,355	1,620	1,730	22,660	11,635	11,030
51. Health professions and related programs	34,840	5,140	29,695	337,320	56,510	280,810
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	1,175	610	560	8,620	4,110	4,510
Personal, protective and transportation services	13,590	6,435	7,155	229,640	118,260	111,375
12. Personal and culinary services	7,060	1,555	5,500	129,245	32,830	96,410
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	30	30	0	225	200	25
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	45	35	10	875	795	80
43. Security and protective services	4,245	2,795	1,450	42,550	32,575	9,975
49. Transportation and materials moving	2,215	2,015	195	56,750	51,860	4,890
Other	65	10	55	890	300	595
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	65	0	55	890	300	595
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	534,260	258,915	275,345	6,634,280	3,260,040	3,374,240
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	254,835	128,995	125,845	2,750,045	1,349,775	1,400,270
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	279,420	129,920	149,500	3,884,235	1,910,265	1,973,970
Location of study inside Canada	245,715	112,740	132,980	3,509,610	1,716,730	1,792,880
Same as province or territory of residence	233,595	106,960	126,630	3,367,195	1,642,930	1,724,270
Different than province or territory of residence	12,125	5,780	6,350	142,415	73,800	68,610
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	33,700	17,180	16,520	374,620	193,530	181,090
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	6,385	3,425	2,960	28,320	16,915	11,410
Philippines	1,300	425	870	12,515	3,600	8,920
India	2,360	1,245	1,120	6,805	3,660	3,150
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	4,210	2,440	1,770	11,250	6,535	4,715
China^{Census data footnote 162}	1,715	745	970	17,155	7,755	9,395
France	165	100	65	69,665	39,885	29,780
Other	17,570	8,800	8,765	228,905	115,185	113,725
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	342,900	166,730	176,170	4,371,935	2,167,810	2,204,130
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	130,405	69,830	60,580	1,389,590	720,505	669,085
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	212,490	96,900	115,590	2,982,350	1,447,305	1,535,045
Location of study inside Canada	188,030	85,200	102,830	2,676,230	1,293,455	1,382,780
Same as province or territory of residence	179,620	81,150	98,475	2,567,605	1,238,320	1,329,280
Different than province or territory of residence	8,405	4,050	4,355	108,630	55,125	53,500
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	24,460	11,695	12,765	306,115	153,850	152,265
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	4,660	2,365	2,295	19,655	11,145	8,505
Philippines	1,085	345	740	10,545	2,935	7,610
India	1,790	860	930	4,865	2,465	2,400
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	2,020	1,115	900	7,390	4,245	3,145
China^{Census data footnote 162}	1,415	615	800	15,420	6,865	8,550
France	125	75	50	57,315	32,115	25,205
Other	13,370	6,325	7,050	190,930	94,085	96,850
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	534,260	258,915	275,345	6,634,280	3,260,040	3,374,245
In the labour force	344,320	178,070	166,250	4,255,500	2,214,735	2,040,765
Employed	320,965	165,580	155,385	3,949,325	2,037,105	1,912,220
Unemployed	23,360	12,490	10,870	306,170	177,630	128,540
Not in the labour force	189,935	80,845	109,090	2,378,780	1,045,300	1,333,480
Participation rate	64.4	68.8	60.4	64.1	67.9	60.5
Employment rate	60.1	64.0	56.4	59.5	62.5	56.7
Unemployment rate	6.8	7.0	6.5	7.2	8.0	6.3
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	534,255	258,915	275,340	6,634,280	3,260,035	3,374,240
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	178,805	76,455	102,350	2,228,315	967,660	1,260,655
Worked	355,455	182,460	172,990	4,405,965	2,292,375	2,113,585
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	190,100	106,920	83,180	2,084,020	1,145,805	938,215
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	165,350	75,545	89,810	2,321,945	1,146,575	1,175,375
Average weeks worked in reference year	43.4	43.9	42.8	42.5	42.7	42.3
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	344,320	178,075	166,250	4,255,500	2,214,735	2,040,765
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	7,420	3,755	3,665	101,485	51,640	49,850
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	336,905	174,315	162,590	4,154,015	2,163,095	1,990,915
Employee	298,995	150,165	148,825	3,664,920	1,863,740	1,801,185
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	37,910	24,150	13,760	489,090	299,355	189,730
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	344,325	178,070	166,250	4,255,500	2,214,735	2,040,765
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	7,420	3,760	3,660	101,490	51,640	49,850
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	336,900	174,315	162,590	4,154,010	2,163,095	1,990,915
0 Management occupations	35,380	21,970	13,405	418,450	263,585	154,875
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	46,765	13,070	33,700	677,390	210,525	466,865
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	17,505	13,685	3,825	286,270	222,375	63,895
3 Health occupations	26,660	5,235	21,420	295,765	57,160	238,610
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	39,240	12,350	26,890	502,945	147,145	355,795
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	8,070	3,485	4,590	135,730	64,370	71,365
6 Sales and service occupations	78,700	32,570	46,135	988,610	449,820	538,790
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	51,785	48,430	3,355	574,675	544,100	30,570
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	7,890	5,705	2,190	67,290	55,610	11,685
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	24,910	17,820	7,090	206,875	148,405	58,475
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	344,320	178,070	166,255	4,255,495	2,214,735	2,040,765
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	7,420	3,760	3,665	101,490	51,635	49,850
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	336,905	174,315	162,590	4,154,010	2,163,095	1,990,915
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	10,855	7,240	3,615	84,060	60,460	23,595
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	555	505	55	20,920	18,175	2,745
22 Utilities	1,840	1,405	435	28,410	20,650	7,755
23 Construction	23,725	21,225	2,505	254,055	223,770	30,285
31-33 Manufacturing	44,490	32,455	12,030	458,315	332,080	126,240
41 Wholesale trade	11,560	8,165	3,400	157,365	104,885	52,475
44-45 Retail trade	37,575	17,430	20,145	508,170	239,625	268,545
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	15,795	12,035	3,760	187,550	142,550	45,000
51 Information and cultural industries	5,245	2,750	2,500	100,775	59,705	41,070
52 Finance and insurance	15,885	6,130	9,750	165,140	66,175	98,965
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	5,400	3,005	2,400	61,380	36,505	24,875
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	18,420	9,715	8,710	288,715	161,030	127,685
55 Management of companies and enterprises	220	95	125	3,305	1,270	2,035
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	15,860	8,980	6,880	176,185	108,280	67,905
61 Educational services	27,540	9,200	18,340	306,575	96,170	210,405
62 Health care and social assistance	44,475	7,920	36,555	532,680	99,380	433,295
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	6,660	3,305	3,360	84,130	44,235	39,895
72 Accommodation and food services	23,290	8,925	14,365	278,500	123,235	155,265
81 Other services (except public administration)	14,850	6,970	7,880	193,700	89,455	104,245
91 Public administration	12,645	6,855	5,790	264,085	135,455	128,630
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	320,965	165,580	155,380	3,949,325	2,037,105	1,912,220
Worked at home	23,960	12,600	11,365	266,285	134,325	131,960
Worked outside Canada	1,300	945	355	10,600	7,580	3,020
No fixed workplace address	35,040	26,035	9,000	351,595	265,405	86,185
Worked at usual place	260,660	126,000	134,660	3,320,850	1,629,795	1,691,050
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	260,665	126,000	134,660	3,320,845	1,629,795	1,691,050
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	172,395	78,320	94,080	1,732,155	810,895	921,260
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	39,875	19,790	20,085	485,450	234,700	250,750
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	47,845	27,575	20,275	1,037,125	549,095	488,030
Commute to a different province or territory	540	315	225	66,125	35,110	31,015
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	295,700	152,040	143,660	3,672,445	1,895,200	1,777,240
Car, truck, van - as a driver	236,705	124,800	111,905	2,739,405	1,475,775	1,263,625
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	20,950	9,340	11,610	133,760	51,045	82,715
Public transit	16,670	6,840	9,835	503,285	217,465	285,820
Walked	15,780	7,530	8,245	205,350	93,595	111,760
Bicycle	2,890	2,110	785	54,625	36,470	18,155
Other method	2,705	1,415	1,285	36,010	20,845	15,170
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	295,700	152,040	143,660	3,672,440	1,895,200	1,777,240
Less than 15 minutes	96,650	45,675	50,975	1,035,455	493,225	542,235
15 to 29 minutes	115,840	58,105	57,735	1,200,455	617,010	583,445
30 to 44 minutes	51,705	28,625	23,085	777,955	425,640	352,310
45 to 59 minutes	16,675	9,370	7,300	343,540	184,440	159,100
60 minutes and over	14,830	10,260	4,570	315,035	174,875	140,160
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	295,700	152,040	143,660	3,672,440	1,895,205	1,777,240
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	19,945	13,755	6,195	256,150	192,835	63,315
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	53,475	33,730	19,745	675,585	420,120	255,465
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	77,285	38,965	38,320	1,133,510	527,925	605,580
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	60,875	23,825	37,050	714,935	296,300	418,630
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	29,645	12,080	17,570	349,845	148,715	201,125
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	54,465	29,685	24,780	542,425	309,295	233,125
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	366,240	187,880	178,360	4,529,770	2,352,115	2,177,655
Single responses	363,870	186,875	176,990	4,187,865	2,169,480	2,018,385
Official languages	361,630	185,660	175,970	4,153,710	2,152,290	2,001,420
English	360,040	185,260	174,775	541,720	294,935	246,780
French	1,590	395	1,195	3,611,990	1,857,350	1,754,640
Non-official languages	2,240	1,215	1,020	34,160	17,190	16,970
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	12,670	6,180	6,490
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	8,350	4,095	4,260
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	8,285	4,060	4,220
Atikamekw	0	0	0	1,100	580	515
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	1,800	840	960
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	210	105	100
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	35	20	15
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5,145	2,515	2,630
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	30	20	10
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	25	20	10
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	45	15	25
Algonquin	0	0	0	45	20	30
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	4,305	2,080	2,220
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	4,290	2,075	2,215
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	15	0	15
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	10	0	15
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	10
Non-Aboriginal languages	2,235	1,220	1,020	21,490	11,005	10,480
Afro-Asiatic languages	185	130	50	1,895	1,125	775
Berber languages	0	0	0	35	10	30
Kabyle	0	0	0	15	0	20
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	0	10
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	180	130	55	1,860	1,110	745
Amharic	15	10	0	0	0	0
Arabic	165	125	35	1,715	1,045	665
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	10	0	10
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	10	0	10	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	140	70	70
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	10	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	100	45	55	1,725	850	870
Khmer (Cambodian)	20	10	15	315	140	175
Vietnamese	75	30	45	1,410	710	695
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	20	0	15	135	65	70
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	10	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	10
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	15	0	20	115	50	60
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	275	90	190
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	10	0	10
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	265	90	175
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	150	75	75
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	145	75	70
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	10
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Indo-European languages	1,245	670	580	10,165	5,255	4,910
Albanian	0	0	0	30	20	10
Armenian	0	0	0	275	130	145
Balto-Slavic languages	130	50	80	1,130	500	635
Baltic languages	0	0	0	15	0	10
Latvian	0	0	0	15	10	10
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	10	0
Slavic languages	130	50	80	1,115	495	625
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	55	20	30
Croatian	10	10	0	10	0	10
Czech	0	0	0	10	0	10
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	65	25	40	170	65	105
Russian	45	25	20	735	340	395
Serbian	10	0	10	10	15	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	10	110	35	75
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	720	405	315	1,285	575	715
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	15	10	0
Dutch	110	75	30	25	10	15
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	520	260	255	370	170	195
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	10	10	0	15	10	10
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	860	375	485
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	80	60	25	0	0	0
Greek	10	0	10	525	260	270
Indo-Iranian languages	55	35	20	1,385	780	600
Indo-Aryan languages	25	15	15	680	390	295
Bengali	0	0	0	110	70	35
Gujarati	0	0	0	20	0	10
Hindi	10	0	10	35	20	15
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	20	0	10
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	10	10	0	415	225	190
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	85	50	35
Iranian languages	30	20	0	700	395	305
Kurdish	0	0	0	15	0	15
Pashto	0	0	0	10	0	15
Persian (Farsi)	25	15	0	675	385	285
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	340	180	160	5,525	2,990	2,540
Catalan	0	0	0	15	0	15
Italian	10	0	10	590	315	275
Portuguese	80	50	25	635	365	270
Romanian	0	0	0	320	140	175
Spanish	255	125	130	3,975	2,165	1,810
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Japanese	20	10	10	235	80	150
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Georgian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Korean	125	60	65	300	150	150
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	10	0	0	45	25	20
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	10	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	10	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	10	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	25	20	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	10	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	10
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	75	25	50	205	60	140
American Sign Language	50	10	45	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	125	20	110
Sign languages, n.i.e	20	10	0	70	45	30
Sino-Tibetan languages	450	260	190	6,070	3,125	2,945
Chinese languages	455	265	190	6,075	3,130	2,950
Cantonese	135	80	50	2,655	1,325	1,330
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	300	175	125	3,100	1,630	1,465
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	70	40	30
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	15	10	10
Chinese, n.o.s.	25	10	15	235	130	110
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	10	10	110	40	75
Lao	15	10	10	55	25	30
Thai	0	0	0	55	10	40
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	10	0	0	110	60	50
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	10	0	110	55	55
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	10	0	0	40	10	40
Estonian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Finnish	10	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	10	0	35	0	35
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Multiple responses	2,370	1,000	1,370	341,900	182,635	159,265
English and French	745	235	510	315,620	169,365	146,255
English and non-official language	1,580	755	825	6,545	3,655	2,890
French and non-official language	0	0	0	7,525	3,460	4,065
English, French and non-official language	40	10	30	12,205	6,160	6,055
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	366,240	187,880	178,360	4,529,770	2,352,110	2,177,655
None	354,180	182,365	171,815	3,107,035	1,588,345	1,518,690
English	2,145	880	1,270	1,031,380	555,940	475,440
French	3,405	1,260	2,140	317,490	169,785	147,705
Non-official language	6,280	3,280	3,000	49,850	25,900	23,950
Aboriginal	40	10	30	4,985	2,285	2,705
Non-Aboriginal	6,240	3,270	2,970	44,865	23,620	21,245
English and French	15	0	10	2,185	1,040	1,140
English and non-official language	25	10	15	14,910	7,255	7,655
French and non-official language	180	70	110	6,855	3,795	3,055
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	65	50	20
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	638,245	312,235	326,010	7,880,315	3,897,740	3,982,575
Non-movers	549,180	268,795	280,385	6,965,520	3,447,320	3,518,195
Movers	89,065	43,445	45,625	914,800	450,420	464,380
Non-migrants	52,995	25,950	27,050	547,410	269,850	277,560
Migrants	36,070	17,500	18,570	367,385	180,565	186,820
Internal migrants	29,490	14,205	15,280	305,465	149,335	156,135
Intraprovincial migrants	26,250	12,560	13,690	284,280	137,945	146,330
Interprovincial migrants	3,245	1,645	1,595	21,190	11,385	9,805
External migrants	6,585	3,290	3,290	61,920	31,235	30,685
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	609,405	297,365	312,045	7,520,960	3,714,155	3,806,805
Non-movers	371,500	181,705	189,795	4,825,870	2,388,805	2,437,065
Movers	237,905	115,660	122,250	2,695,090	1,325,345	1,369,740
Non-migrants	136,650	66,420	70,235	1,507,665	741,220	766,440
Migrants	101,255	49,240	52,010	1,187,425	584,125	603,295
Internal migrants	81,735	39,595	42,140	949,170	464,830	484,340
Intraprovincial migrants	74,270	35,980	38,295	893,800	436,525	457,270
Interprovincial migrants	7,465	3,615	3,845	55,370	28,300	27,070
External migrants	19,515	9,645	9,870	238,250	119,295	118,960

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Return to footnote 181 referrer

Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. London [Economic region], Ontario and Quebec [Province] (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 26, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
London [Economic region], Ontario and Quebec [Province]

Census Profile, 2016 Census London [Economic region], Ontario and Quebec [Province]

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
London [Economic region], Ontario and Quebec [Province]