Census Profile, 2016 Census
London [Economic region], Ontario and Nunavut [Territory]

Feedback

Charts (using rates) Download Hierarchies

The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	London Ontario [Economic region]			Nunavut [Territory]
	Data quality , London [Economic region], Ontario Map : London [Economic region], Ontario Change geography 1			Data quality : Nunavut [Territory] Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	655,366	...	...	35,944	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	632,331	...	...	31,906	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	3.6	...	...	12.7	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	285,312	...	...	11,433	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	269,306	...	...	9,819	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	90.5	...	...	0.0	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	7,237.91	...	...	1,877,778.53	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	655,365	319,715	335,650	35,945	18,390	17,550
0 to 14 years	111,255	56,920	54,335	11,685	5,975	5,710
0 to 4 years	35,760	18,345	17,415	4,155	2,130	2,025
5 to 9 years	38,245	19,585	18,660	4,120	2,130	1,985
10 to 14 years	37,250	18,990	18,265	3,415	1,720	1,700
15 to 64 years	430,540	212,230	218,305	22,895	11,710	11,190
15 to 19 years	39,605	20,195	19,405	3,140	1,600	1,535
20 to 24 years	45,680	23,245	22,435	3,045	1,535	1,510
25 to 29 years	42,645	21,300	21,345	3,185	1,610	1,580
30 to 34 years	41,340	20,365	20,975	2,815	1,390	1,425
35 to 39 years	39,470	19,350	20,115	2,385	1,210	1,180
40 to 44 years	39,845	19,505	20,345	2,030	1,065	965
45 to 49 years	42,400	20,815	21,580	2,065	1,055	1,005
50 to 54 years	49,885	24,350	25,535	1,840	955	890
55 to 59 years	48,030	23,170	24,855	1,405	750	655
60 to 64 years	41,630	19,925	21,700	975	535	440
65 years and over	113,570	50,560	63,015	1,360	710	655
65 to 69 years	36,955	17,440	19,515	655	340	310
70 to 74 years	26,935	12,630	14,310	345	180	165
75 to 79 years	19,780	9,090	10,685	205	110	100
80 to 84 years	14,465	6,105	8,360	105	50	50
85 years and over	15,440	5,295	10,140	55	25	25
85 to 89 years	9,450	3,605	5,845	40	20	25
90 to 94 years	4,725	1,400	3,325	10	5	5
95 to 99 years	1,115	270	845	5	5	5
100 years and over	145	25	130	0	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	17.0	17.8	16.2	32.5	32.5	32.5
15 to 64 years	65.7	66.4	65.0	63.7	63.7	63.8
65 years and over	17.3	15.8	18.8	3.8	3.9	3.7
85 years and over	2.4	1.7	3.0	0.2	0.1	0.1
Average age of the population	40.9	39.8	41.9	27.7	27.8	27.5
Median age of the population	41.0	39.6	42.2	25.1	25.2	25.1
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	269,305	...	...	9,820	...	...
Single-detached house	163,430	...	...	4,355	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	36,690	...	...	110	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	68,145	...	...	5,335	...	...
Semi-detached house	10,550	...	...	875	...	...
Row house	24,690	...	...	2,960	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	6,075	...	...	175	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	26,370	...	...	1,300	...	...
Other single-attached house	465	...	...	15	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	1,040	...	...	20	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	269,310	...	...	9,820	...	...
1 person	77,720	...	...	1,855	...	...
2 persons	95,400	...	...	1,890	...	...
3 persons	39,815	...	...	1,495	...	...
4 persons	35,645	...	...	1,545	...	...
5 or more persons	20,730	...	...	3,030	...	...
Number of persons in private households	645,295	...	...	35,580	...	...
Average household size	2.4	...	...	3.6	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	544,110	262,795	281,315	24,260	12,415	11,840
Married or living common law	312,025	155,830	156,195	12,895	6,480	6,420
Married	261,530	130,620	130,910	6,625	3,350	3,280
Living common law	50,495	25,210	25,285	6,270	3,130	3,140
Not married and not living common law	232,085	106,965	125,120	11,360	5,935	5,425
Never married	148,495	79,500	68,995	9,790	5,345	4,450
Separated	17,690	7,630	10,065	405	185	215
Divorced	33,820	13,305	20,520	440	190	255
Widowed	32,075	6,530	25,545	720	220	505
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	183,860	...	...	8,780	...	...
2 persons	95,070	...	...	2,825	...	...
3 persons	38,030	...	...	2,145	...	...
4 persons	33,975	...	...	1,690	...	...
5 or more persons	16,785	...	...	2,115	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	3.5	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	183,855	...	...	8,780	...	...
Total couple families	153,215	...	...	6,225	...	...
Married couples	127,975	...	...	3,095	...	...
Common-law couples	25,240	...	...	3,135	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	30,640	...	...	2,550	...	...
Female parent	24,355	...	...	1,820	...	...
Male parent	6,290	...	...	735	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	153,215	...	...	6,230	...	...
Couples without children	76,465	...	...	1,465	...	...
Couples with children	76,750	...	...	4,760	...	...
1 child	29,260	...	...	1,440	...	...
2 children	31,550	...	...	1,400	...	...
3 or more children	15,945	...	...	1,920	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	30,645	...	...	2,555	...	...
1 child	18,605	...	...	1,360	...	...
2 children	8,770	...	...	700	...	...
3 or more children	3,265	...	...	485	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	113,435	53,200	60,230	4,475	2,555	1,915
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	269,305	...	...	9,820	...	...
One-census-family households	176,975	...	...	6,355	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	73,880	...	...	1,065	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	103,090	...	...	5,290	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	3,395	...	...	1,140	...	...
Non-census-family households	88,935	...	...	2,320	...	...
One-person households	77,720	...	...	1,855	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	11,220	...	...	470	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	647,955	316,780	331,175	35,690	18,200	17,490
English only	601,315	297,105	304,215	32,065	16,345	15,715
French only	265	125	140	60	35	20
English and French	38,930	16,430	22,500	1,525	795	725
Neither English nor French	7,445	3,125	4,320	2,045	1,025	1,025
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	647,955	316,780	331,175	35,690	18,200	17,490
English	631,520	309,515	322,005	32,990	16,795	16,195
French	6,970	3,200	3,765	580	340	240
English and French	2,210	1,035	1,175	90	50	40
Neither English nor French	7,255	3,030	4,230	2,025	1,015	1,015
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	8,070	3,720	4,350	625	365	260
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	1.2	1.2	1.3	1.8	2.0	1.5
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	647,955	316,785	331,175	35,695	18,200	17,490
Single responses	638,355	312,105	326,250	34,960	17,830	17,130
Official languages	533,180	261,450	271,730	11,615	6,085	5,530
English	525,945	258,145	267,800	11,020	5,740	5,280
French	7,230	3,305	3,925	595	350	240
Non-official languages	105,170	50,650	54,520	23,345	11,740	11,605
Aboriginal languages	155	55	100	22,610	11,360	11,250
Algonquian languages	75	20	50	15	5	10
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	10	5	10	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	5	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	5	0	5	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	5	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	5	0	5	5	0	5
Eastern Algonquian languages	5	0	5	5	5	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	5	0	5	5	5	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	60	20	35	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	50	20	35	5	0	0
Oji-Cree	5	0	5	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	5	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	5
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	5	5	0	22,600	11,355	11,245
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	495	220	275
Inuktitut	5	0	5	22,070	11,125	10,945
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	30	10	20
Iroquoian languages	60	20	40	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	5	0	0	0
Oneida	50	15	30	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	15	10	5	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	105,020	50,595	54,425	735	380	350
Afro-Asiatic languages	13,350	6,820	6,525	75	60	20
Berber languages	15	10	5	0	0	0
Kabyle	10	5	5	5	5	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	265	120	135	10	10	0
Bilen	5	5	0	0	0	0
Oromo	15	5	10	5	5	0
Somali	240	110	125	10	5	5
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	13,055	6,680	6,380	60	45	15
Amharic	260	130	130	20	10	5
Arabic	10,815	5,540	5,275	40	30	10
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	1,050	525	520	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	210	100	105	0	0	0
Harari	0	5	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	145	80	60	0	0	0
Maltese	260	135	125	0	0	0
Tigrigna	260	130	130	5	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	55	25	30	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	2,950	1,355	1,600	5	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	950	445	510	0	5	0
Vietnamese	2,000	915	1,090	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	2,175	815	1,365	175	65	105
Bikol	10	0	5	0	0	0
Cebuano	95	25	70	5	5	5
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	25	5	15	5	5	5
Ilocano	180	85	100	20	5	10
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	150	70	80	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10	5	10	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	5	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,670	610	1,060	135	50	80
Waray-Waray	5	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	0	0	0
Creole languages	95	45	50	0	0	5
Haitian Creole	5	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	35	20	15	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	60	20	35	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	1,430	750	680	20	10	10
Kannada	60	30	25	0	0	0
Malayalam	880	450	435	5	0	0
Tamil	340	175	160	15	10	5
Telugu	150	95	55	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	5	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	68,620	33,135	35,490	270	145	120
Albanian	1,110	570	535	0	0	0
Armenian	105	50	55	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	13,825	6,440	7,390	40	30	15
Baltic languages	325	135	190	0	0	0
Latvian	100	45	55	0	0	0
Lithuanian	230	95	135	0	0	0
Slavic languages	13,500	6,305	7,200	45	30	15
Belarusan	15	5	10	0	0	0
Bosnian	670	335	335	0	0	0
Bulgarian	80	35	45	0	5	0
Croatian	1,115	545	565	0	0	0
Czech	440	205	235	5	0	0
Macedonian	100	40	55	0	0	0
Polish	6,495	2,975	3,525	15	15	0
Russian	1,460	665	795	10	5	5
Serbian	910	465	440	5	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	345	165	180	0	0	0
Slovak	410	195	215	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	270	115	155	0	0	0
Ukrainian	1,135	530	610	5	5	5
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	55	20	30	0	0	0
Celtic languages	50	20	35	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	15	5	15	0	0	0
Welsh	25	10	15	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0	0	0
Germanic languages	21,380	10,215	11,165	70	40	30
Afrikaans	95	45	50	0	0	0
Danish	255	125	125	5	5	0
Dutch	7,375	3,545	3,830	15	5	5
Frisian	160	80	85	0	0	0
German	12,765	6,065	6,695	35	20	15
Icelandic	10	0	5	0	0	0
Norwegian	35	15	20	10	5	5
Swedish	80	45	40	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	550	250	300	0	0	0
Yiddish	30	15	10	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	40	20	20	5	0	0
Greek	1,960	975	985	5	5	0
Indo-Iranian languages	9,270	4,790	4,475	85	45	45
Indo-Aryan languages	6,100	3,180	2,915	80	40	35
Bengali	465	235	230	25	15	15
Gujarati	840	440	395	5	0	0
Hindi	870	475	400	5	5	5
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	25	10	15	0	0	0
Marathi	90	45	40	0	0	5
Nepali	725	360	365	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	10	5	10	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,260	670	585	5	5	0
Sindhi	70	35	35	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	135	65	70	0	0	5
Urdu	1,605	835	775	25	15	15
Iranian languages	3,140	1,595	1,540	10	5	5
Kurdish	995	525	465	0	5	0
Pashto	185	90	95	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	1,960	980	975	10	5	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	30	15	15	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	20,925	10,075	10,850	60	30	30
Catalan	15	10	10	0	0	0
Italian	3,700	1,855	1,845	5	5	5
Portuguese	6,765	3,245	3,515	5	5	0
Romanian	970	455	520	10	0	5
Spanish	9,455	4,505	4,950	45	20	25
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	0	0	0
Japanese	305	125	185	0	0	5
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	5	0	5	0	0	0
Korean	2,950	1,370	1,585	10	0	5
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	710	350	365	75	50	30
Akan (Twi)	75	35	40	5	5	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	15	5	10	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	20	5	10	0	0	0
Ganda	20	10	15	0	0	0
Igbo	50	25	25	5	0	0
Lingala	20	10	10	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	45	20	20	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	40	20	20	0	0	0
Shona	40	20	25	15	10	5
Swahili	140	65	75	5	0	0
Wolof	10	5	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	75	40	30	10	5	5
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	165	75	90	30	15	15
Nilo-Saharan languages	195	85	110	0	0	0
Dinka	110	50	60	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	90	40	50	0	0	0
Sign languages	225	130	100	20	10	10
American Sign Language	135	75	55	5	0	5
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	95	50	50	10	5	5
Sino-Tibetan languages	9,095	4,245	4,850	50	20	30
Chinese languages	8,830	4,110	4,720	50	20	30
Cantonese	2,105	1,000	1,110	15	5	10
Hakka	30	20	10	0	0	0
Mandarin	5,985	2,755	3,230	10	5	5
Min Dong	5	5	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	130	55	75	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	100	40	60	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	470	245	230	20	10	15
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	5	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	265	130	130	5	0	0
Burmese	30	20	15	0	0	0
Karenic languages	210	105	105	0	0	0
Tibetan	5	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	20	10	15	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	260	115	150	0	0	5
Lao	170	85	85	0	0	0
Thai	90	30	65	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	475	260	215	5	0	5
Azerbaijani	45	25	20	0	0	0
Turkish	360	200	165	5	0	0
Uyghur	25	15	10	0	0	0
Uzbek	10	5	5	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	35	15	15	0	0	0
Uralic languages	2,095	975	1,115	20	10	5
Estonian	60	20	35	0	0	0
Finnish	130	55	80	5	5	5
Hungarian	1,900	900	1,000	10	5	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	70	30	40	5	0	5
Multiple responses	9,605	4,680	4,925	735	370	365
English and French	1,415	630	790	25	10	15
English and non-official language	7,660	3,800	3,865	685	355	335
French and non-official language	270	135	130	10	5	10
English, French and non-official language	260	115	140	10	5	5
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	647,955	316,780	331,175	35,695	18,200	17,490
Single responses	627,620	306,940	320,675	35,085	17,895	17,185
Official languages	579,760	284,055	295,705	17,030	8,660	8,370
English	577,740	283,120	294,620	16,685	8,470	8,215
French	2,020	935	1,090	345	190	155
Non-official languages	47,860	22,890	24,975	18,055	9,240	8,815
Aboriginal languages	35	15	25	17,735	9,070	8,665
Algonquian languages	10	0	5	5	5	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	5	5	5	5	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	10	5	5	5	5	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	17,735	9,070	8,665
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	110	45	60
Inuktitut	0	0	0	17,600	9,015	8,590
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	10	15
Iroquoian languages	15	5	15	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	5	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	15	5	15	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	47,820	22,875	24,950	320	165	150
Afro-Asiatic languages	7,465	3,675	3,790	30	20	15
Berber languages	5	5	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	5	5	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	120	50	70	5	5	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	5	0
Somali	120	50	70	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	7,325	3,620	3,710	25	15	10
Amharic	115	60	60	15	5	5
Arabic	6,225	3,070	3,155	15	5	5
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	660	325	335	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	120	60	60	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	55	35	25	0	0	0
Maltese	20	10	15	0	0	0
Tigrigna	105	55	50	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	1,795	825	970	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	530	240	290	0	0	0
Vietnamese	1,265	585	680	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	815	360	455	120	55	60
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	20	5	15	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	5	0	0	0
Ilocano	60	35	35	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	45	20	25	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	5	5	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	680	295	385	110	55	60
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	5	0	5
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	20	10	10	5	5	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	5	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	5	0	5	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	745	395	350	15	10	5
Kannada	20	15	5	0	0	0
Malayalam	515	270	245	0	0	0
Tamil	150	80	70	15	10	5
Telugu	65	35	25	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	27,130	12,980	14,150	85	50	35
Albanian	500	245	255	0	0	0
Armenian	40	15	20	5	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	5,605	2,685	2,915	10	5	5
Baltic languages	60	25	35	0	0	0
Latvian	10	5	5	0	0	0
Lithuanian	50	15	30	0	0	0
Slavic languages	5,545	2,665	2,885	10	5	5
Belarusan	10	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	325	160	165	0	0	0
Bulgarian	40	20	20	0	0	0
Croatian	385	190	200	0	0	0
Czech	115	60	60	0	0	0
Macedonian	30	15	20	0	0	0
Polish	2,850	1,350	1,505	5	0	0
Russian	750	370	380	5	0	0
Serbian	420	220	200	0	5	0
Serbo-Croatian	135	65	75	0	0	0
Slovak	100	45	55	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	45	20	30	0	0	0
Ukrainian	310	140	165	0	5	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	0	0	0
Celtic languages	10	5	5	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	5	0	5	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	5,460	2,655	2,805	5	5	5
Afrikaans	30	15	15	0	0	0
Danish	15	10	10	0	0	0
Dutch	745	370	375	0	0	0
Frisian	15	10	10	0	0	0
German	4,400	2,135	2,260	0	5	0
Icelandic	5	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	10	5	5	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	45	20	25	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	195	95	100	0	0	0
Greek	755	355	405	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	5,395	2,690	2,705	45	25	20
Indo-Aryan languages	3,455	1,730	1,720	45	25	20
Bengali	260	135	130	20	15	10
Gujarati	430	210	215	0	0	0
Hindi	435	230	205	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	10	5	5	0	0	0
Marathi	45	25	20	5	0	0
Nepali	660	325	340	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	640	335	310	0	5	0
Sindhi	15	5	10	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	70	35	35	0	0	0
Urdu	880	435	445	15	5	5
Iranian languages	1,930	950	980	5	5	0
Kurdish	605	305	300	0	0	0
Pashto	110	55	60	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	1,210	595	615	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	9,375	4,325	5,045	25	15	10
Catalan	5	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	880	385	495	0	0	0
Portuguese	2,550	1,150	1,400	0	0	0
Romanian	375	185	195	0	5	0
Spanish	5,560	2,605	2,955	15	10	5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	145	70	70	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	2,205	1,010	1,190	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	185	70	110	20	10	10
Akan (Twi)	15	5	10	0	5	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	5	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	5	0	0	0	0
Igbo	15	5	10	5	5	5
Lingala	10	5	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	15	10	10	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	5	5	0	0	0
Shona	10	5	0	5	0	0
Swahili	55	20	35	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	15	10	5	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	45	20	30	5	5	5
Nilo-Saharan languages	70	35	35	0	0	0
Dinka	35	15	15	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	35	15	20	0	0	0
Sign languages	290	170	120	35	20	15
American Sign Language	135	80	55	5	0	5
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	155	95	60	25	15	15
Sino-Tibetan languages	6,115	2,855	3,260	15	5	10
Chinese languages	5,940	2,770	3,170	15	5	10
Cantonese	1,200	555	650	5	0	5
Hakka	10	5	5	0	0	0
Mandarin	4,330	2,005	2,325	5	0	5
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	50	20	35	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	50	25	25	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	305	160	140	5	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	175	90	85	0	0	0
Burmese	15	10	5	0	0	0
Karenic languages	150	75	70	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	5	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	90	45	45	0	0	0
Lao	55	30	30	0	0	0
Thai	35	15	20	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	235	120	115	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	15	5	5	0	0	0
Turkish	170	85	90	0	0	0
Uyghur	20	10	10	0	0	0
Uzbek	5	5	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	30	15	10	0	0	0
Uralic languages	520	235	280	0	0	0
Estonian	5	0	5	0	0	0
Finnish	10	5	5	0	0	0
Hungarian	500	230	275	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	20,335	9,835	10,500	610	305	305
English and French	895	390	500	20	10	10
English and non-official language	18,915	9,210	9,705	585	290	295
French and non-official language	95	40	60	5	5	0
English, French and non-official language	430	200	235	5	5	5
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	647,955	316,780	331,175	35,690	18,205	17,490
None	585,420	286,945	298,475	17,430	8,995	8,435
English	21,285	10,355	10,925	9,555	4,885	4,670
French	6,315	2,605	3,715	240	130	110
Non-official language	33,880	16,370	17,510	8,425	4,175	4,250
Aboriginal	230	90	145	7,990	3,960	4,025
Non-Aboriginal	33,650	16,290	17,365	435	215	220
English and French	210	95	115	0	0	0
English and non-official language	320	170	145	20	15	10
French and non-official language	510	230	280	15	5	10
English, French and non-official language	10	5	10	0	0	0
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	534,255	258,910	275,350	23,930	12,180	11,755
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	513,250	248,845	264,410	22,435	11,345	11,090
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	33,876	39,928	29,060	29,743	28,817	30,326
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	513,360	248,855	264,505	22,435	11,345	11,090
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	30,860	35,720	26,846	28,635	27,517	29,403
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	458,070	226,425	231,645	19,220	9,910	9,315
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	32,269	39,150	26,315	30,583	31,667	29,517
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	375,555	167,995	207,555	21,890	11,040	10,840
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	5,692	3,581	6,698	2,524	1,275	4,682
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	377,565	194,625	182,945	18,590	9,605	8,985
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	32,948	38,406	28,392	29,724	30,603	28,640
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	534,255	258,915	275,340	23,935	12,175	11,755
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	512,950	248,575	264,370	22,435	11,345	11,090
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	43,741	50,422	37,459	50,689	50,882	50,492
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	513,055	248,580	264,475	22,435	11,345	11,090
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	36,822	41,632	32,301	43,247	42,937	43,564
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	457,995	226,325	231,670	19,225	9,905	9,310
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	42,549	50,013	35,258	52,115	53,453	50,693
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	375,635	168,420	207,220	21,885	11,045	10,845
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,851	7,211	8,372	6,191	4,314	8,103
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	377,570	194,285	183,285	18,590	9,605	8,980
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	41,691	47,455	35,581	51,195	52,454	49,849
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	534,255	258,915	275,345	23,930	12,175	11,755
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	185,925	104,190	81,740	7,580	3,925	3,655
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	51,138	55,577	46,662	90,230	88,548	91,332
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	59,616	64,789	53,022	88,321	89,311	87,259
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	86.9	90.4	82.4	88.1	91.8	84.3
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	70.3	73.9	65.6	83.7	87.2	80.0
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	13.1	9.6	17.6	11.9	8.3	15.7
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	534,260	258,910	275,350	23,930	12,180	11,755
Without total income	21,005	10,065	10,940	1,495	830	665
With total income	513,250	248,840	264,410	22,435	11,345	11,095
Percentage with total income	96.1	96.1	96.0	93.8	93.1	94.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	71,585	31,660	39,930	5,320	3,165	2,155
$10,000 to $19,999	88,140	35,275	52,860	3,350	1,480	1,870
$20,000 to $29,999	72,920	30,195	42,725	2,610	1,135	1,475
$30,000 to $39,999	60,815	27,505	33,310	1,810	840	965
$40,000 to $49,999	56,945	27,745	29,200	1,190	575	610
$50,000 to $59,999	43,245	23,135	20,115	810	400	410
$60,000 to $69,999	32,080	18,570	13,505	730	375	360
$70,000 to $79,999	22,400	13,210	9,185	735	370	365
$80,000 to $89,999	16,610	9,915	6,695	820	440	380
$90,000 to $99,999	15,560	8,705	6,865	835	375	460
$100,000 and over	32,960	22,930	10,030	4,230	2,185	2,045
$100,000 to $149,999	23,175	15,785	7,385	3,215	1,570	1,645
$150,000 and over	9,785	7,145	2,640	1,010	615	400
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	534,260	258,910	275,350	23,930	12,180	11,755
Without after-tax income	20,900	10,055	10,845	1,495	835	665
With after-tax income	513,360	248,855	264,505	22,435	11,345	11,095
Percentage with after-tax income	96.1	96.1	96.1	93.8	93.1	94.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	73,685	32,180	41,505	5,335	3,165	2,170
$10,000 to $19,999	92,290	37,090	55,200	3,410	1,530	1,880
$20,000 to $29,999	84,475	35,640	48,835	2,825	1,250	1,570
$30,000 to $39,999	74,680	35,150	39,530	1,920	915	1,005
$40,000 to $49,999	63,215	32,680	30,535	1,270	605	665
$50,000 to $59,999	42,375	24,250	18,125	980	500	485
$60,000 to $69,999	27,605	16,520	11,080	1,015	505	510
$70,000 to $79,999	21,725	12,545	9,180	1,085	555	530
$80,000 and over	33,310	22,805	10,505	4,595	2,315	2,280
$80,000 to $89,999	11,960	7,665	4,295	1,095	500	590
$90,000 to $99,999	6,775	4,640	2,130	1,025	480	550
$100,000 and over	14,575	10,495	4,080	2,475	1,335	1,145
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	534,255	258,905	275,350	23,930	12,180	11,755
Without employment income	156,690	64,280	92,405	5,340	2,575	2,770
With employment income	377,570	194,625	182,945	18,590	9,600	8,985
Percentage with employment income	70.7	75.2	66.4	77.7	78.8	76.4
Under $5,000 (including loss)	55,415	27,825	27,585	3,930	1,925	2,000
$5,000 to $9,999	31,385	13,760	17,630	1,800	875	925
$10,000 to $19,999	49,760	22,275	27,490	2,150	1,135	1,015
$20,000 to $29,999	40,560	18,395	22,160	1,440	815	620
$30,000 to $39,999	39,570	18,035	21,530	1,025	580	445
$40,000 to $49,999	39,200	19,455	19,750	815	430	380
$50,000 to $59,999	30,990	17,350	13,640	710	350	360
$60,000 to $69,999	22,975	13,715	9,260	655	355	295
$70,000 to $79,999	16,590	10,105	6,485	680	360	320
$80,000 and over	51,125	33,705	17,420	5,390	2,775	2,615
$80,000 to $89,999	13,405	8,030	5,380	755	410	345
$90,000 to $99,999	13,155	7,485	5,675	805	345	460
$100,000 and over	24,565	18,200	6,365	3,830	2,020	1,810
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	269,305	...	...	9,820	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	66,279	...	...	97,441	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	58,859	...	...	85,605	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	77,720	...	...	1,855	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	34,420	...	...	72,960	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	31,208	...	...	61,184	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	191,590	...	...	7,965	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	83,585	...	...	102,778	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	73,658	...	...	91,402	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	269,305	...	...	9,815	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	83,313	...	...	115,823	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	70,150	...	...	98,818	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	77,715	...	...	1,855	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	43,361	...	...	79,545	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	36,699	...	...	65,262	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	191,595	...	...	7,965	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	99,519	...	...	124,267	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	83,718	...	...	106,628	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	269,305	...	...	9,820	...	...
Under $5,000	4,620	...	...	105	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	4,315	...	...	265	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	7,960	...	...	205	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	10,400	...	...	235	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	12,310	...	...	295	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	11,015	...	...	300	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	11,910	...	...	325	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	12,215	...	...	325	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	12,300	...	...	340	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	12,100	...	...	305	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	22,475	...	...	550	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	20,270	...	...	520	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	18,455	...	...	435	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	16,355	...	...	415	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	14,955	...	...	410	...	...
$100,000 and over	77,650	...	...	4,795	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	27,985	...	...	1,070	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	18,030	...	...	920	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	18,570	...	...	1,160	...	...
$200,000 and over	13,070	...	...	1,645	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	269,305	...	...	9,820	...	...
Under $5,000	4,875	...	...	100	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	4,385	...	...	270	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	8,080	...	...	210	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	10,915	...	...	240	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	13,825	...	...	300	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	12,420	...	...	325	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	13,890	...	...	330	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	14,565	...	...	350	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	14,630	...	...	340	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	14,080	...	...	355	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	25,705	...	...	615	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	23,015	...	...	590	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	20,880	...	...	560	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	17,805	...	...	575	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	14,435	...	...	565	...	...
$100,000 and over	55,800	...	...	4,100	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	25,200	...	...	1,200	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	13,955	...	...	835	...	...
$150,000 and over	16,645	...	...	2,070	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	182,920	...	...	7,705	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	84,639	...	...	99,421	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	74,416	...	...	88,747	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...	4.3	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	72,420	...	...	1,005	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	78,028	...	...	162,304	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	68,761	...	...	136,265	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	77,365	...	...	4,640	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	108,375	...	...	110,476	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	93,500	...	...	98,481	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	4.0	...	...	5.2	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	28,760	...	...	1,700	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	49,504	...	...	53,760	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	46,296	...	...	52,070	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	3.3	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	182,990	...	...	7,705	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	100,698	...	...	121,531	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	84,565	...	...	104,373	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	72,445	...	...	1,005	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	93,169	...	...	162,943	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	77,968	...	...	134,556	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	77,460	...	...	4,635	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	124,189	...	...	132,126	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	103,410	...	...	113,780	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	28,740	...	...	1,700	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	59,314	...	...	72,190	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	52,426	...	...	64,121	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	102,015	48,395	53,620	2,705	1,580	1,130
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	30,202	31,340	29,347	61,995	50,048	78,080
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	27,780	28,547	27,257	54,496	45,227	66,918
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	101,715	48,700	53,020	2,705	1,585	1,130
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	39,425	41,243	37,755	74,013	68,372	81,933
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	33,597	34,547	32,725	61,196	56,528	67,748
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	645,295	315,720	329,575	35,580	18,135	17,440
In the bottom half of the distribution	334,870	159,855	175,015	19,105	9,740	9,360
In the bottom decile	70,645	34,200	36,445	5,315	2,730	2,590
In the second decile	66,090	29,770	36,320	4,460	2,250	2,210
In the third decile	66,500	31,605	34,900	3,725	1,915	1,815
In the fourth decile	65,950	31,960	33,995	2,865	1,470	1,395
In the fifth decile	65,680	32,325	33,355	2,725	1,380	1,355
In the top half of the distribution	310,425	155,865	154,560	16,475	8,390	8,085
In the sixth decile	66,600	33,055	33,545	2,285	1,195	1,085
In the seventh decile	65,605	32,725	32,885	2,420	1,250	1,175
In the eighth decile	65,395	32,970	32,430	2,555	1,290	1,260
In the ninth decile	61,930	31,215	30,715	3,180	1,635	1,550
In the top decile	50,890	25,900	24,985	6,035	3,020	3,015
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	645,140	315,645	329,500	0	0	0
0 to 17 years	133,830	68,430	65,400	0	0	0
0 to 5 years	43,020	22,070	20,950	0	0	0
18 to 64 years	404,835	198,800	206,035	0	0	0
65 years and over	106,475	48,415	58,060	0	0	0
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	101,390	47,205	54,185	0	0	0
0 to 17 years	27,170	13,890	13,285	0	0	0
0 to 5 years	9,635	4,935	4,700	0	0	0
18 to 64 years	61,790	28,905	32,885	0	0	0
65 years and over	12,430	4,415	8,020	0	0	0
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	15.7	15.0	16.4	...	...	...
0 to 17 years (%)	20.3	20.3	20.3	...	...	...
0 to 5 years (%)	22.4	22.4	22.4	...	...	...
18 to 64 years (%)	15.3	14.5	16.0	...	...	...
65 years and over (%)	11.7	9.1	13.8	...	...	...
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	55,565	27,355	28,205	0	0	0
0 to 17 years	12,875	6,585	6,280	0	0	0
0 to 5 years	4,685	2,405	2,280	0	0	0
18 to 64 years	40,435	19,815	20,625	0	0	0
65 years and over	2,255	955	1,300	0	0	0
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	8.6	8.7	8.6	...	...	...
0 to 17 years (%)	9.6	9.6	9.6	...	...	...
0 to 5 years (%)	10.9	10.9	10.9	...	...	...
18 to 64 years (%)	10.0	10.0	10.0	...	...	...
65 years and over (%)	2.1	2.0	2.2	...	...	...
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	645,295	315,725	329,575	35,580	18,135	17,445
Official languages	637,875	312,730	325,145	33,535	17,120	16,420
English	637,540	312,570	324,970	33,485	17,080	16,400
French	39,075	16,355	22,710	1,565	820	745
Non-official languages	129,520	62,535	66,985	28,440	14,375	14,065
Aboriginal languages	380	120	255	27,345	13,815	13,530
Algonquian languages	195	70	125	30	15	15
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	30	10	20	15	10	10
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	10	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	10	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	20	10	0	15	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	10	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	155	50	105	10	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	150	50	105	10	10	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	10	0	10	10	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	10	10	0	10
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	10	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	10	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	27,320	13,805	13,520
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	1,135	525	615
Inuktitut	10	0	10	26,215	13,305	12,910
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	15	20
Iroquoian languages	160	50	105	0	0	0
Cayuga	10	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	15	0	10	0	0	0
Oneida	130	40	90	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	15	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	15	0	15	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	129,150	62,410	66,740	1,235	625	605
Afro-Asiatic languages	17,230	8,875	8,360	120	80	40
Berber languages	15	10	10	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	420	185	240	25	15	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	20	10	10	0	0	0
Somali	400	175	225	25	15	10
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	16,785	8,675	8,105	85	60	30
Amharic	410	210	200	20	20	0
Arabic	14,640	7,595	7,045	55	45	20
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	1,385	690	695	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	255	135	115	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	335	185	145	10	10	10
Maltese	315	150	160	0	0	0
Tigrigna	420	200	215	10	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	95	60	40	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	50	30	25	10	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	3,985	1,880	2,110	10	10	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	1,305	640	665	0	0	0
Vietnamese	2,695	1,250	1,440	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	2,970	1,140	1,825	215	80	130
Bikol	25	0	15	10	0	0
Cebuano	140	35	105	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	35	10	20	0	0	0
Ilocano	245	95	155	15	10	10
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	205	105	105	0	10	10
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10	10	10	10	10	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	2,615	970	1,650	200	80	125
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	50	25	25	0	0	0
Creole languages	235	125	115	15	0	10
Haitian Creole	30	15	15	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	90	40	45	10	0	10
Creole languages, n.i.e.	130	65	60	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	1,860	915	940	20	10	10
Kannada	160	80	80	0	0	0
Malayalam	1,060	505	555	0	0	0
Tamil	575	305	275	20	15	0
Telugu	210	110	95	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	10	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	10	10	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	85,910	41,410	44,500	565	290	275
Albanian	1,210	610	600	10	0	0
Armenian	165	65	105	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	16,200	7,930	8,270	75	40	35
Baltic languages	350	170	180	0	0	0
Latvian	145	75	70	0	0	0
Lithuanian	205	95	110	0	0	0
Slavic languages	15,875	7,765	8,110	75	45	35
Belarusan	75	35	40	0	0	0
Bosnian	990	540	445	0	10	0
Bulgarian	95	40	60	10	10	0
Croatian	1,610	825	790	0	0	0
Czech	550	280	270	0	10	0
Macedonian	180	85	100	0	0	0
Polish	7,605	3,665	3,940	25	15	10
Russian	2,480	1,180	1,300	35	15	20
Serbian	1,475	755	720	10	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	470	215	255	0	0	0
Slovak	520	265	260	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	315	145	170	0	0	0
Ukrainian	1,290	580	705	10	0	10
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	55	30	25	0	0	0
Celtic languages	165	70	90	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	70	20	40	0	0	0
Welsh	45	20	30	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	50	35	15	0	0	0
Germanic languages	25,310	12,035	13,285	150	70	75
Afrikaans	225	110	110	15	10	10
Danish	340	155	180	15	0	0
Dutch	8,690	4,015	4,670	15	0	10
Frisian	195	100	95	0	0	0
German	15,060	7,230	7,825	105	50	55
Icelandic	10	10	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	85	50	40	10	0	0
Swedish	225	110	115	10	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	610	330	285	0	0	10
Yiddish	25	25	10	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	1,020	535	490	0	0	0
Greek	2,980	1,550	1,425	10	10	0
Indo-Iranian languages	11,780	5,900	5,880	100	55	45
Indo-Aryan languages	8,475	4,290	4,180	95	50	40
Bengali	545	260	280	30	15	15
Gujarati	1,065	570	490	10	0	0
Hindi	3,250	1,725	1,530	30	20	10
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	15	10	0	0	0	0
Marathi	115	55	55	0	0	0
Nepali	855	425	430	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	10	10	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	2,195	1,170	1,020	15	10	10
Sindhi	125	55	70	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	165	65	100	0	0	10
Urdu	2,655	1,315	1,340	35	20	15
Iranian languages	3,415	1,670	1,750	10	10	0
Kurdish	1,035	535	500	0	0	0
Pashto	280	145	135	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	2,270	1,070	1,200	10	10	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	60	40	30	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	30,460	14,570	15,890	255	125	130
Catalan	20	0	10	0	0	0
Italian	5,700	2,820	2,875	40	20	20
Portuguese	8,750	4,285	4,465	10	10	0
Romanian	1,255	605	655	10	0	0
Spanish	15,660	7,270	8,395	210	105	105
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	55	35	25	0	0	0
Japanese	890	435	460	10	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	10	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	3,265	1,575	1,690	10	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	1,365	735	625	110	70	40
Akan (Twi)	170	80	95	10	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	10	0	10	0	0	0
Ewe	10	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	10	0	10	0	0	0
Ga	20	0	20	0	0	0
Ganda	35	20	15	10	0	10
Igbo	100	55	45	0	0	0
Lingala	90	55	40	10	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	50	30	15	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	65	25	35	0	0	0
Shona	65	35	30	20	15	0
Swahili	360	180	180	20	15	10
Wolof	10	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	260	155	105	15	10	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	350	185	165	50	35	20
Nilo-Saharan languages	220	115	105	0	0	0
Dinka	35	20	15	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	185	95	90	0	0	0
Sign languages	1,285	525	760	135	60	75
American Sign Language	660	240	425	70	35	40
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	645	300	350	70	30	40
Sino-Tibetan languages	9,550	4,565	4,980	80	40	40
Chinese languages	9,290	4,430	4,860	75	40	40
Cantonese	2,555	1,195	1,355	25	10	15
Hakka	45	20	25	0	0	0
Mandarin	6,940	3,265	3,675	30	10	15
Min Dong	15	10	10	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	160	60	105	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	180	70	110	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	460	245	215	30	15	10
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	260	135	120	10	0	0
Burmese	60	40	25	10	0	0
Karenic languages	155	80	70	0	0	0
Tibetan	10	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	45	20	25	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	300	130	175	0	0	10
Lao	220	100	115	0	0	0
Thai	125	45	85	0	0	10
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	730	405	325	10	0	10
Azerbaijani	110	60	50	0	0	0
Turkish	560	310	250	10	10	0
Uyghur	55	35	20	0	0	0
Uzbek	15	0	10	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	0	0	0
Uralic languages	2,485	1,195	1,295	20	10	10
Estonian	60	35	25	0	0	0
Finnish	145	75	65	10	10	0
Hungarian	2,285	1,075	1,210	10	10	10
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	90	45	45	15	10	0
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	645,295	315,725	329,575	35,580	18,140	17,440
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	613,415	300,210	313,210	35,285	17,990	17,290
Canadian citizens aged under 18	129,270	65,995	63,275	13,480	6,915	6,560
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	484,150	234,215	249,930	21,805	11,080	10,725
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	31,880	15,515	16,370	300	145	155
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	645,295	315,720	329,575	35,580	18,140	17,445
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	524,515	257,330	267,190	34,600	17,630	16,980
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	112,105	53,875	58,225	915	485	435
Before 1981	42,750	20,385	22,365	155	95	55
1981 to 1990	15,695	7,625	8,070	100	60	40
1991 to 2000	18,165	8,870	9,290	160	85	75
2001 to 2010	22,535	10,730	11,810	335	170	165
2001 to 2005	10,675	5,065	5,615	165	90	70
2006 to 2010	11,860	5,665	6,195	175	80	95
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	12,960	6,270	6,690	165	75	90
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	8,680	4,515	4,160	55	25	35
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	112,100	53,880	58,225	920	485	430
Under 5 years	14,855	7,500	7,360	100	50	55
5 to 14 years	24,985	12,765	12,220	160	95	65
15 to 24 years	24,955	11,275	13,675	165	85	75
25 to 44 years	40,255	18,995	21,260	435	225	215
45 years and over	7,050	3,350	3,705	55	35	25
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	112,100	53,875	58,225	920	485	430
Americas	21,700	10,140	11,560	160	75	85
Brazil	380	195	180	0	0	0
Colombia	3,530	1,590	1,940	0	0	0
El Salvador	1,680	795	885	0	0	0
Guyana	590	270	320	10	0	0
Haiti	120	55	60	0	0	0
Jamaica	1,415	745	665	25	10	15
Mexico	4,585	2,225	2,365	0	10	0
Peru	170	70	100	10	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	720	345	375	10	0	0
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	5,365	2,290	3,070	65	30	35
Other places of birth in Americas	3,150	1,565	1,585	45	25	25
Europe	51,255	24,825	26,425	195	120	70
Bosnia and Herzegovina	1,270	665	600	0	0	0
Croatia	1,065	540	520	0	0	0
France	340	165	180	10	0	10
Germany	3,260	1,590	1,665	25	15	10
Greece	1,265	655	610	0	0	0
Hungary	1,255	615	640	0	10	0
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	730	400	325	0	0	0
Italy	2,720	1,435	1,285	10	0	10
Netherlands	6,720	3,300	3,420	10	0	0
Poland	5,185	2,375	2,815	15	10	0
Portugal	5,190	2,605	2,585	0	10	0
Romania	1,270	610	660	10	0	0
Russian Federation	595	265	330	10	0	10
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	615	305	305	10	0	0
Ukraine	720	285	430	10	10	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	14,015	6,505	7,510	80	50	30
Other places of birth in Europe	5,045	2,505	2,540	30	15	10
Africa	5,655	2,850	2,800	190	110	80
Algeria	90	50	40	0	0	0
Egypt	1,110	585	530	0	0	0
Ethiopia	325	155	170	20	10	10
Kenya	280	130	155	0	0	10
Morocco	40	20	25	10	10	0
Nigeria	375	195	180	30	10	15
Somalia	225	110	120	10	10	0
South Africa, Republic of	575	315	260	10	10	10
Other places of birth in Africa	2,625	1,295	1,330	105	60	40
Asia	33,080	15,800	17,275	370	175	195
Afghanistan	615	300	310	0	0	0
Bangladesh	345	170	175	25	10	10
China^{Census data footnote 59}	3,990	1,745	2,245	20	10	10
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	715	345	370	10	10	0
India	3,775	1,905	1,870	30	15	15
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	1,175	565	615	10	0	0
Iraq	2,775	1,405	1,370	0	0	0
Japan	230	70	165	10	0	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	2,220	1,050	1,165	10	0	10
Lebanon	1,820	955	865	15	15	0
Pakistan	1,660	845	815	30	15	15
Philippines	2,610	945	1,665	185	75	110
Sri Lanka	270	125	145	10	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	2,140	1,050	1,090	0	0	0
Taiwan	180	75	105	0	0	0
Viet Nam	1,935	865	1,070	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	6,625	3,390	3,235	35	15	20
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	415	255	165	10	10	10
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	12,960	6,270	6,690	165	75	90
Americas	2,640	1,215	1,425	35	15	15
Brazil	45	20	20	0	0	0
Colombia	635	240	390	0	0	0
Cuba	80	30	45	0	0	0
Haiti	50	25	25	0	0	10
Jamaica	185	120	65	0	10	0
Mexico	465	245	220	0	0	0
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	640	295	350	15	0	10
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	85	40	45	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	450	200	250	10	10	0
Europe	1,095	585	505	10	0	10
France	35	15	15	10	0	0
Germany	65	35	30	0	0	0
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	25	15	10	0	0	0
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romania	45	20	30	0	0	0
Russian Federation	90	20	60	0	0	0
Ukraine	95	35	60	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	300	195	105	10	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	440	250	190	10	0	0
Africa	1,135	565	565	45	25	20
Algeria	15	10	0	0	0	0
Cameroon	60	25	30	10	0	10
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	70	40	30	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	25	10	15	10	10	0
Egypt	300	155	145	0	0	0
Eritrea	65	45	25	0	0	0
Ethiopia	15	0	10	0	0	10
Morocco	0	0	10	0	10	0
Nigeria	105	55	50	10	10	0
Somalia	35	25	15	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	45	20	25	0	10	0
Tunisia	15	0	10	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	375	170	210	0	0	0
Asia	8,050	3,885	4,165	75	30	45
Afghanistan	125	60	60	0	0	0
Bangladesh	105	60	45	10	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	980	435	545	0	0	0
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	10	0	10	0	0	0
India	1,035	545	490	10	0	0
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	265	130	135	0	0	0
Iraq	925	450	475	0	0	0
Israel	20	10	10	0	0	0
Japan	65	25	35	0	0	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	415	210	200	0	0	0
Lebanon	205	100	110	0	0	0
Nepal	250	130	115	0	0	0
Pakistan	265	145	125	0	0	0
Philippines	635	245	385	50	20	30
Saudi Arabia	175	80	100	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	45	30	20	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	1,240	625	615	0	0	10
Taiwan	25	10	15	0	0	0
Turkey	85	45	40	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	170	105	65	0	0	0
Viet Nam	70	15	55	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	945	440	500	0	0	0
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	55	20	30	10	0	0
Australia	35	0	30	10	0	0
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	20	15	10	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	645,295	315,725	329,575	35,580	18,135	17,440
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	124,110	60,170	63,940	1,025	530	495
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	131,005	65,010	65,995	925	480	445
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	390,185	190,540	199,640	33,630	17,125	16,500
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	70,575	34,100	36,480	770	390	380
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	29,080	14,690	14,390	430	210	220
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	9,820	6,720	3,105	230	115	115
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	19,265	7,970	11,290	195	90	110
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	19,305	7,860	11,445	235	115	120
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	21,465	11,220	10,245	105	65	35
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	725	335	395	0	0	0
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	645,295	315,720	329,575	35,580	18,140	17,445
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	15,175	7,035	8,140	30,555	15,415	15,140
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	14,645	6,810	7,835	30,495	15,385	15,105
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	10,575	4,900	5,675	190	90	100
Métis	3,955	1,825	2,125	165	85	75
Inuk (Inuit)	115	80	35	30,135	15,205	14,925
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	135	55	80	55	20	30
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	395	170	220	10	10	10
Non-Aboriginal identity	630,120	308,685	321,435	5,025	2,725	2,300
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	645,295	315,720	329,575	35,580	18,140	17,440
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	6,765	2,945	3,815	165	75	90
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	638,530	312,775	325,760	35,410	18,060	17,355
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	645,300	315,725	329,575	35,580	18,135	17,445
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	3,645	1,680	1,965	25,215	12,745	12,470
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	3,610	1,660	1,950	25,025	12,665	12,365
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	3,200	1,430	1,765	100	50	55
Métis single ancestry	365	195	170	40	15	25
Inuit single ancestry	50	35	15	24,890	12,600	12,290
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	30	20	15	190	85	110
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	25	20	0	0	10	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	10	0	10	165	70	95
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	15	10	10
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	19,345	8,895	10,445	5,205	2,595	2,610
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	19,020	8,755	10,270	4,985	2,495	2,495
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	14,690	6,735	7,950	255	140	120
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	4,135	1,925	2,215	65	40	25
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	195	100	100	4,665	2,315	2,355
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	320	140	180	215	100	115
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	285	115	170	10	10	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	30	20	10	160	75	85
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	55	25	25
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	622,305	305,145	317,160	5,160	2,795	2,365
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	645,295	315,720	329,575	35,580	18,135	17,440
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	82,490	40,790	41,700	905	450	460
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	12,740	6,495	6,245	115	60	55
Chinese	11,010	5,170	5,840	75	30	45
Black	13,140	6,790	6,345	330	180	150
Filipino	4,125	1,730	2,390	230	95	135
Latin American	9,855	4,750	5,105	40	20	20
Arab	13,895	7,245	6,650	40	30	10
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	5,455	2,670	2,785	30	10	15
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	3,325	1,590	1,740	10	0	10
Korean	3,520	1,680	1,845	10	10	10
Japanese	810	365	445	10	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	2,030	1,065	965	20	10	10
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	2,575	1,230	1,340	10	10	10
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	562,805	274,935	287,875	34,670	17,685	16,985
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	645,295	315,720	329,575	35,580	18,140	17,445
North American Aboriginal origins	22,990	10,580	12,415	30,420	15,340	15,075
First Nations (North American Indian)	18,240	8,325	9,910	690	345	350
Inuit	290	160	130	29,950	15,095	14,855
Métis	4,815	2,260	2,560	185	95	95
Other North American origins	192,495	94,080	98,415	1,815	960	860
Acadian	630	300	330	105	50	55
American	8,325	3,945	4,380	230	120	110
Canadian	186,825	91,400	95,425	1,305	685	630
New Brunswicker	10	0	0	10	10	0
Newfoundlander	430	190	240	125	70	50
Nova Scotian	40	15	20	10	0	10
Ontarian	60	30	30	0	0	0
Québécois	175	60	110	50	40	15
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	20	10	10	0	0	0
European origins	481,285	234,190	247,095	8,315	4,345	3,975
British Isles origins	325,840	157,115	168,725	5,815	3,015	2,790
Channel Islander	10	0	15	0	0	0
Cornish	50	30	25	0	0	0
English	201,055	96,125	104,930	1,625	825	800
Irish	127,730	59,685	68,050	1,745	895	850
Manx	155	105	50	10	0	0
Scottish	144,870	69,615	75,255	3,265	1,695	1,575
Welsh	12,560	6,015	6,550	160	85	80
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	20,810	9,535	11,280	355	200	150
French origins	60,160	27,775	32,380	1,485	785	700
Alsatian	70	20	50	0	0	0
Breton	10	0	0	10	0	10
Corsican	0	10	0	0	0	0
French	60,105	27,760	32,345	1,475	780	695
Western European origins (except French origins)	155,330	75,880	79,455	975	470	505
Austrian	2,955	1,505	1,455	35	25	15
Bavarian	20	15	10	0	0	0
Belgian	9,500	4,670	4,830	30	20	15
Dutch	60,730	30,130	30,605	190	90	105
Flemish	550	265	285	0	0	0
Frisian	380	185	190	0	0	0
German	91,775	44,300	47,470	745	355	390
Luxembourger	15	0	10	0	0	0
Swiss	3,485	1,705	1,785	20	0	10
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	55	35	20	10	10	0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	12,565	5,860	6,710	675	335	340
Danish	3,465	1,735	1,725	290	145	150
Finnish	2,025	875	1,145	50	25	25
Icelandic	495	240	255	30	10	25
Norwegian	3,095	1,440	1,655	145	70	80
Swedish	3,240	1,410	1,825	115	65	55
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	950	445	500	85	45	40
Eastern European origins	64,115	31,295	32,825	515	260	255
Bulgarian	430	185	250	10	10	0
Byelorussian	550	270	280	0	0	0
Czech	2,160	1,095	1,060	15	0	10
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	970	465	505	0	0	0
Estonian	375	185	195	10	0	0
Hungarian	12,110	6,000	6,110	45	20	25
Latvian	520	260	260	10	0	10
Lithuanian	1,685	850	830	0	0	0
Moldovan	25	10	10	0	0	0
Polish	24,485	11,805	12,680	145	90	55
Romanian	3,850	1,845	2,010	20	10	15
Russian	8,540	4,120	4,415	100	60	40
Slovak	2,095	1,065	1,035	15	10	0
Ukrainian	15,105	7,390	7,715	190	90	100
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	180	90	90	30	15	15
Southern European origins	64,375	32,175	32,200	420	215	205
Albanian	1,320	645	670	10	0	0
Bosnian	1,220	680	535	0	0	0
Catalan	20	10	0	0	0	0
Croatian	3,500	1,795	1,705	10	10	0
Cypriot	220	85	135	0	0	0
Greek	6,045	3,030	3,020	20	10	0
Italian	26,425	13,090	13,335	175	95	85
Kosovar	190	105	85	0	0	0
Macedonian	525	250	275	0	0	0
Maltese	2,255	1,100	1,155	0	10	0
Montenegrin	95	50	45	0	0	0
Portuguese	15,635	8,060	7,575	115	60	55
Serbian	2,110	1,055	1,060	0	0	10
Sicilian	165	65	100	0	0	0
Slovenian	1,210	640	575	0	0	0
Spanish	6,200	2,850	3,355	75	35	40
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	1,610	755	860	10	0	0
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	50	25	25	10	0	0
Other European origins	2,700	1,335	1,370	345	190	155
Basque	35	15	20	0	0	0
Jewish	1,270	570	695	30	20	15
Roma (Gypsy)	60	15	45	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	105	70	40	0	0	0
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	1,230	660	565	305	170	140
Caribbean origins	8,380	4,325	4,055	95	50	45
Antiguan	15	10	15	0	0	0
Bahamian	165	95	70	0	0	0
Barbadian	715	390	330	10	10	0
Bermudan	80	40	35	0	0	0
Carib	15	10	10	0	10	0
Cuban	425	195	230	0	0	0
Dominican	200	95	105	10	0	0
Grenadian	190	100	90	10	0	10
Guadeloupean	10	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	225	125	95	10	0	0
Jamaican	4,470	2,310	2,160	40	20	20
Kittitian/Nevisian	20	15	10	0	0	0
Martinican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montserratan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	40	25	15	0	0	0
St. Lucian	70	40	30	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	1,190	635	550	10	10	0
Vincentian/Grenadinian	95	65	30	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	685	305	380	15	10	10
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	295	155	140	10	0	10
Latin, Central and South American origins	15,845	7,725	8,120	65	30	35
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	380	190	190	0	0	0
Arawak	15	0	10	0	0	0
Argentinian	210	100	110	10	0	0
Belizean	45	25	25	0	0	0
Bolivian	45	15	25	0	0	0
Brazilian	420	210	210	0	0	0
Chilean	375	190	190	10	0	0
Colombian	4,515	2,095	2,415	10	0	10
Costa Rican	85	35	50	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	85	45	40	10	10	0
Guatemalan	380	205	175	0	0	0
Guyanese	1,010	485	530	10	0	0
Hispanic	315	140	180	10	0	10
Honduran	240	130	110	0	0	0
Maya	115	75	45	0	0	0
Mexican	4,495	2,225	2,270	10	10	0
Nicaraguan	555	285	265	0	0	0
Panamanian	35	25	10	0	10	0
Paraguayan	25	15	10	0	0	0
Peruvian	330	180	155	0	0	0
Salvadorean	2,050	1,000	1,050	10	10	10
Uruguayan	20	10	10	0	0	0
Venezuelan	360	145	210	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	475	255	225	10	0	0
African origins	11,145	5,795	5,345	465	255	210
Central and West African origins	1,620	830	795	65	35	30
Akan	0	0	0	10	10	0
Angolan	50	30	20	0	0	0
Ashanti	25	10	25	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burkinabe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroonian	100	45	55	15	10	10
Chadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congolese	220	115	105	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gabonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gambian	0	10	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	355	180	175	10	10	10
Guinean	15	10	0	0	0	0
Ibo	30	20	10	10	10	0
Ivorian	20	0	15	0	0	0
Liberian	105	40	65	0	0	0
Malian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malinké	15	10	15	0	0	0
Nigerian	530	290	245	20	15	10
Peulh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Senegalese	10	0	0	0	0	0
Sierra Leonean	0	0	10	0	10	0
Togolese	0	0	0	10	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	140	55	80	15	0	10
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	80	50	30	10	0	0
North African origins	3,315	1,855	1,465	30	15	10
Algerian	100	45	50	0	0	0
Berber	30	15	20	0	10	0
Coptic	50	25	20	0	0	0
Dinka	80	35	50	0	0	0
Egyptian	1,815	1,010	805	15	0	10
Libyan	255	135	120	0	0	0
Maure	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moroccan	105	40	65	10	10	0
Sudanese	830	495	340	0	10	0
Tunisian	85	45	35	0	0	0
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	75	50	25	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins	3,410	1,690	1,720	80	60	25
Afrikaner	10	0	10	10	0	0
Amhara	30	10	20	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	50	25	25	10	0	10
Burundian	75	45	30	0	0	0
Djiboutian	55	25	25	0	0	0
Eritrean	575	300	270	0	10	0
Ethiopian	635	295	340	30	15	10
Harari	10	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	125	60	60	0	10	0
Malagasy	0	0	10	0	0	0
Mauritian	30	20	0	0	0	0
Oromo	25	0	20	0	0	0
Rwandan	110	35	70	0	0	0
Seychellois	10	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	620	290	330	10	0	0
South African	695	370	325	10	0	0
Tanzanian	30	20	10	0	0	0
Tigrian	25	15	15	0	0	0
Ugandan	115	55	60	0	0	0
Zambian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	110	55	55	15	10	10
Zulu	20	10	10	0	0	10
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	255	115	135	0	0	10
Other African origins	2,955	1,510	1,450	285	145	140
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	450	230	220	50	25	25
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	2,520	1,285	1,230	240	120	120
Asian origins	61,555	29,945	31,615	615	280	335
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	21,630	10,960	10,670	100	60	40
Afghan	920	445	480	10	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	2,750	1,445	1,305	10	10	0
Armenian	415	160	255	10	0	0
Assyrian	1,100	565	535	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	70	35	35	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	10	0	0	0
Hazara	15	10	10	0	0	0
Iranian	1,890	945	945	20	15	0
Iraqi	2,575	1,305	1,270	10	0	0
Israeli	165	95	65	0	0	0
Jordanian	630	345	285	0	0	0
Kazakh	25	15	10	0	0	10
Kurd	1,005	530	470	0	0	0
Kuwaiti	35	20	15	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	10	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanese	5,140	2,615	2,520	40	20	15
Palestinian	2,400	1,180	1,225	0	0	0
Pashtun	35	15	15	0	0	0
Saudi Arabian	310	165	140	0	0	0
Syrian	2,290	1,105	1,180	0	0	0
Tajik	40	20	15	0	0	0
Tatar	30	15	15	0	0	0
Turk	1,140	595	545	15	10	10
Turkmen	50	35	15	0	0	0
Uighur	50	35	15	0	0	0
Uzbek	40	20	15	0	0	0
Yemeni	85	30	50	0	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	990	540	450	0	0	0
South Asian origins	13,245	6,665	6,580	130	65	65
Bangladeshi	285	150	140	20	10	10
Bengali	230	95	135	0	0	0
Bhutanese	515	220	295	0	0	0
East Indian	9,180	4,675	4,505	65	35	35
Goan	70	35	35	0	0	0
Gujarati	10	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	20	10	10	0	0	0
Nepali	420	225	195	0	0	0
Pakistani	1,935	1,000	940	15	10	0
Punjabi	350	180	170	10	0	0
Sinhalese	110	50	60	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	355	160	195	10	0	10
Tamil	120	60	60	0	0	0
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	635	300	335	15	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins	27,140	12,530	14,615	385	155	225
Burmese	225	135	85	0	0	10
Cambodian (Khmer)	1,720	835	885	0	0	0
Chinese	12,830	5,905	6,925	115	50	70
Filipino	4,715	2,005	2,710	245	100	145
Hmong	20	20	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	340	165	175	10	0	0
Japanese	1,040	455	585	15	0	10
Karen	125	60	60	0	0	0
Korean	3,590	1,705	1,885	10	0	0
Laotian	345	190	160	0	0	0
Malaysian	120	45	75	10	0	0
Mongolian	110	55	55	0	0	0
Singaporean	20	15	0	0	0	0
Taiwanese	135	70	70	0	0	0
Thai	225	105	120	10	0	0
Tibetan	20	10	10	0	0	0
Vietnamese	3,370	1,560	1,805	10	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	70	35	40	0	0	0
Other Asian origins	315	155	160	10	10	0
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	310	155	155	10	10	0
Oceania origins	915	420	490	15	0	0
Australian	605	315	295	10	0	0
New Zealander	195	60	140	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins	120	50	70	0	0	0
Fijian	35	10	30	0	0	10
Hawaiian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Maori	45	25	20	0	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Samoan	10	0	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	30	20	10	0	0	0
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	269,305	...	...	9,820	...	...
Owner	179,725	...	...	1,960	...	...
Renter	89,585	...	...	7,860	...	...
Band housing	0	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	269,305	...	...	9,820	...	...
Condominium	28,050	...	...	265	...	...
Not condominium	241,255	...	...	9,555	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	269,305	...	...	9,820	...	...
No bedrooms	740	...	...	25	...	...
1 bedroom	32,510	...	...	1,365	...	...
2 bedrooms	63,200	...	...	3,835	...	...
3 bedrooms	106,895	...	...	3,100	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	65,955	...	...	1,495	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	269,310	...	...	9,820	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	58,135	...	...	4,865	...	...
5 rooms	34,425	...	...	2,515	...	...
6 rooms	40,740	...	...	1,435	...	...
7 rooms	39,710	...	...	625	...	...
8 or more rooms	96,295	...	...	380	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.7	...	...	4.6	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	269,305	...	...	9,820	...	...
One person or fewer per room	266,505	...	...	7,650	...	...
More than 1 person per room	2,800	...	...	2,170	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	269,305	...	...	9,815	...	...
Suitable	259,430	...	...	6,785	...	...
Not suitable	9,880	...	...	3,035	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	269,305	...	...	9,820	...	...
1960 or before	76,865	...	...	170	...	...
1961 to 1980	78,485	...	...	2,150	...	...
1981 to 1990	35,595	...	...	1,995	...	...
1991 to 2000	30,225	...	...	2,095	...	...
2001 to 2005	16,225	...	...	860	...	...
2006 to 2010	18,075	...	...	1,285	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	13,840	...	...	1,260	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	269,305	...	...	9,820	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	253,040	...	...	7,255	...	...
Major repairs needed	16,265	...	...	2,560	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	269,310	...	...	9,820	...	...
1 household maintainer	157,970	...	...	6,830	...	...
2 household maintainers	106,430	...	...	2,780	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	4,905	...	...	205	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	269,305	...	...	9,820	...	...
15 to 24 years	10,755	...	...	400	...	...
25 to 34 years	39,120	...	...	2,480	...	...
35 to 44 years	43,125	...	...	2,370	...	...
45 to 54 years	53,425	...	...	2,285	...	...
55 to 64 years	52,835	...	...	1,460	...	...
65 to 74 years	39,005	...	...	610	...	...
75 to 84 years	22,420	...	...	180	...	...
85 years and over	8,620	...	...	30	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	264,570	...	...	9,810	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	200,330	...	...	9,240	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	64,240	...	...	570	...	...
30% to less than 100%	55,770	...	...	465	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	175,565	...	...	1,955	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	61.5	...	...	60.2	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	13.9	...	...	7.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,105	...	...	1,497	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,207	...	...	1,700	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	259,402	...	...	300,924	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	299,142	...	...	352,070	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	89,240	...	...	7,860	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	12.1	...	...	83.5	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	44.7	...	...	5.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	869	...	...	281	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	925	...	...	736	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	534,255	258,915	275,340	23,935	12,175	11,755
No certificate, diploma or degree	101,575	51,830	49,740	12,140	6,175	5,960
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	153,265	77,165	76,105	3,615	1,825	1,785
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	279,415	129,920	149,495	8,175	4,170	4,010
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	35,240	25,025	10,220	1,840	1,450	385
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	16,850	10,155	6,695	1,140	835	305
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	18,395	14,865	3,525	695	615	80
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	128,695	53,925	74,770	3,580	1,530	2,050
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	8,835	3,975	4,865	215	95	125
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	106,645	47,000	59,645	2,545	1,095	1,445
Bachelor's degree	69,805	28,965	40,850	1,680	710	970
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	7,385	3,010	4,370	90	45	45
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	4,245	2,365	1,875	25	10	15
Master's degree	19,830	9,210	10,625	700	305	395
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	5,380	3,460	1,920	50	25	20
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	342,900	166,730	176,170	16,485	8,395	8,090
No certificate, diploma or degree	39,770	22,065	17,705	6,750	3,435	3,315
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	90,635	47,760	42,875	2,405	1,265	1,140
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	212,490	96,900	115,585	7,325	3,690	3,635
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	23,670	16,895	6,775	1,595	1,255	335
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	11,450	6,985	4,465	995	725	265
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	12,220	9,905	2,315	600	530	70
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	99,955	42,285	57,670	3,185	1,345	1,840
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	6,080	2,795	3,285	200	85	115
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	82,785	34,925	47,860	2,355	1,005	1,345
Bachelor's degree	53,570	21,535	32,030	1,545	645	895
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	5,510	2,100	3,415	75	40	40
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	3,380	1,675	1,705	25	10	15
Master's degree	16,125	7,090	9,035	665	295	375
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	4,200	2,525	1,675	45	25	20
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	534,255	258,915	275,345	23,930	12,180	11,755
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	254,835	128,990	125,850	15,755	8,005	7,745
Education	16,255	4,045	12,215	1,005	290	715
13. Education	16,260	4,045	12,215	1,010	295	715
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	10,135	4,475	5,660	195	110	85
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	1,940	1,480	460	35	25	0
50. Visual and performing arts	8,195	2,995	5,195	160	85	75
Humanities	15,625	6,170	9,455	370	155	210
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	1,065	225	840	105	15	85
23. English language and literature/letters	4,290	1,270	3,015	60	15	45
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	3,325	1,265	2,060	75	35	40
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	135	25	110	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	1,265	710	560	25	15	10
39. Theology and religious vocations	1,755	1,040	715	40	30	10
54. History	2,825	1,495	1,325	60	40	25
55. French language and literature/letters	970	135	835	10	10	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	35,405	10,710	24,695	1,010	320	690
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	335	35	300	180	45	135
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	2,240	970	1,270	50	25	25
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	8,350	605	7,740	310	20	290
22. Legal professions and studies	5,030	1,410	3,625	130	60	70
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	655	170	490	25	0	25
42. Psychology	5,640	1,440	4,195	60	25	35
45. Social sciences	13,155	6,080	7,075	250	140	110
Business, management and public administration	50,435	19,295	31,140	1,655	555	1,105
30.16 Accounting and computer science	130	35	95	10	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	5,490	1,070	4,425	210	55	155
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	44,810	18,190	26,620	1,445	500	950
Physical and life sciences and technologies	10,050	4,925	5,125	210	110	100
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	4,870	2,180	2,695	70	30	35
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	1,800	780	1,020	70	35	40
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	135	40	100	10	0	0
40. Physical sciences	2,610	1,720	890	30	15	15
41. Science technologies/technicians	625	215	415	40	30	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	10,350	6,580	3,765	175	105	70
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	7,625	5,370	2,255	140	90	50
25. Library science	1,040	210	825	10	10	10
27. Mathematics and statistics	1,560	935	625	20	10	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	130	70	55	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	53,835	50,005	3,830	1,620	1,475	145
04. Architecture and related services	1,755	1,260	500	45	30	15
14. Engineering	8,660	7,145	1,515	105	90	15
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	12,365	11,320	1,045	310	255	50
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	10,710	10,480	235	715	680	40
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	12,705	12,470	230	365	350	15
48. Precision production	7,635	7,325	310	75	75	10
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	7,525	5,395	2,125	215	155	60
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	5,915	4,360	1,560	15	10	10
03. Natural resources and conservation	1,605	1,035	570	195	150	50
Health and related fields	51,800	9,875	41,920	750	195	560
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	4,350	2,155	2,190	110	65	40
51. Health professions and related programs	45,995	6,890	39,105	645	125	520
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	1,455	830	625	0	0	10
Personal, protective and transportation services	17,920	8,425	9,500	980	710	270
12. Personal and culinary services	9,685	2,175	7,510	315	110	205
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	40	40	0	0	10	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	90	80	10	0	10	0
43. Security and protective services	5,290	3,550	1,745	160	130	30
49. Transportation and materials moving	2,815	2,580	235	505	465	40
Other	85	10	70	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	85	10	70	10	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	342,895	166,730	176,165	16,480	8,395	8,090
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	130,410	69,825	60,580	9,155	4,700	4,455
Education	10,580	2,515	8,070	905	260	650
13. Education	10,585	2,510	8,070	905	260	650
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	7,915	3,430	4,490	170	95	75
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	1,440	1,050	390	30	25	10
50. Visual and performing arts	6,480	2,375	4,100	140	75	70
Humanities	11,315	4,295	7,020	320	130	190
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	790	170	615	95	15	75
23. English language and literature/letters	3,120	835	2,290	60	15	45
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	2,315	865	1,455	60	30	40
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	110	25	85	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	990	540	450	20	10	10
39. Theology and religious vocations	1,200	710	500	30	25	10
54. History	2,130	1,085	1,045	45	35	20
55. French language and literature/letters	660	75	585	0	10	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	27,885	8,120	19,765	900	280	615
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	290	30	260	140	40	100
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	1,815	770	1,050	50	25	25
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	6,690	470	6,225	280	20	265
22. Legal professions and studies	4,320	1,020	3,305	120	55	65
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	505	120	385	25	10	20
42. Psychology	4,135	1,015	3,120	55	15	35
45. Social sciences	10,120	4,705	5,420	230	125	105
Business, management and public administration	39,250	14,410	24,840	1,510	495	1,015
30.16 Accounting and computer science	115	25	90	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	4,495	790	3,700	190	50	140
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	34,645	13,590	21,055	1,325	450	875
Physical and life sciences and technologies	7,585	3,530	4,055	185	95	90
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	3,775	1,615	2,160	65	30	30
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	1,315	530	780	65	25	35
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	120	25	95	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	1,920	1,215	710	30	15	15
41. Science technologies/technicians	465	155	310	30	25	10
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	8,715	5,550	3,170	160	95	65
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	6,690	4,695	1,995	135	85	50
25. Library science	785	160	625	10	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	1,140	645	500	20	10	10
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	105	50	55	10	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	40,420	37,225	3,200	1,410	1,285	125
04. Architecture and related services	1,490	1,075	415	45	25	15
14. Engineering	6,585	5,315	1,270	100	80	15
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	9,730	8,825	900	275	230	45
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	7,645	7,475	170	635	595	35
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	9,345	9,165	185	305	290	10
48. Precision production	5,625	5,365	260	60	60	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	5,790	4,020	1,770	190	140	55
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	4,545	3,230	1,315	15	10	10
03. Natural resources and conservation	1,245	790	455	175	135	45
Health and related fields	39,360	7,370	31,995	690	180	510
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	3,355	1,620	1,730	100	65	35
51. Health professions and related programs	34,840	5,140	29,695	590	115	480
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	1,175	610	560	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	13,590	6,435	7,155	865	625	245
12. Personal and culinary services	7,060	1,555	5,500	280	100	185
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	30	30	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	45	35	10	0	10	0
43. Security and protective services	4,245	2,795	1,450	140	115	30
49. Transportation and materials moving	2,215	2,015	195	445	410	35
Other	65	10	55	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	65	0	55	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	534,260	258,915	275,345	23,930	12,175	11,755
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	254,835	128,995	125,845	15,755	8,005	7,745
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	279,420	129,920	149,500	8,175	4,170	4,010
Location of study inside Canada	245,715	112,740	132,980	7,645	3,900	3,745
Same as province or territory of residence	233,595	106,960	126,630	3,330	1,485	1,850
Different than province or territory of residence	12,125	5,780	6,350	4,310	2,415	1,895
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	33,700	17,180	16,520	535	270	265
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	6,385	3,425	2,960	120	60	55
Philippines	1,300	425	870	135	45	85
India	2,360	1,245	1,120	20	10	10
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	4,210	2,440	1,770	70	40	30
China^{Census data footnote 162}	1,715	745	970	10	0	0
France	165	100	65	10	0	0
Other	17,570	8,800	8,765	180	105	75
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	342,900	166,730	176,170	16,480	8,395	8,090
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	130,405	69,830	60,580	9,155	4,700	4,455
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	212,490	96,900	115,590	7,325	3,690	3,635
Location of study inside Canada	188,030	85,200	102,830	6,840	3,445	3,390
Same as province or territory of residence	179,620	81,150	98,475	2,975	1,290	1,680
Different than province or territory of residence	8,405	4,050	4,355	3,860	2,150	1,710
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	24,460	11,695	12,765	490	245	240
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	4,660	2,365	2,295	105	55	45
Philippines	1,085	345	740	120	40	80
India	1,790	860	930	20	10	10
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	2,020	1,115	900	60	35	25
China^{Census data footnote 162}	1,415	615	800	10	0	0
France	125	75	50	0	0	0
Other	13,370	6,325	7,050	170	95	75
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	534,260	258,915	275,345	23,935	12,180	11,755
In the labour force	344,320	178,070	166,250	16,340	8,515	7,820
Employed	320,965	165,580	155,385	12,820	6,430	6,395
Unemployed	23,360	12,490	10,870	3,515	2,090	1,425
Not in the labour force	189,935	80,845	109,090	7,590	3,660	3,935
Participation rate	64.4	68.8	60.4	68.3	69.9	66.5
Employment rate	60.1	64.0	56.4	53.6	52.8	54.4
Unemployment rate	6.8	7.0	6.5	21.5	24.5	18.2
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	534,255	258,915	275,340	23,935	12,175	11,755
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	178,805	76,455	102,350	7,420	3,600	3,815
Worked	355,455	182,460	172,990	16,515	8,575	7,935
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	190,100	106,920	83,180	7,760	4,035	3,720
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	165,350	75,545	89,810	8,755	4,540	4,215
Average weeks worked in reference year	43.4	43.9	42.8	38.0	37.6	38.4
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	344,320	178,075	166,250	16,335	8,520	7,825
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	7,420	3,755	3,665	1,385	740	650
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	336,905	174,315	162,590	14,955	7,780	7,170
Employee	298,995	150,165	148,825	14,505	7,485	7,020
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	37,910	24,150	13,760	445	295	150
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	344,325	178,070	166,250	16,340	8,515	7,825
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	7,420	3,760	3,660	1,390	735	650
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	336,900	174,315	162,590	14,955	7,780	7,170
0 Management occupations	35,380	21,970	13,405	1,400	850	550
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	46,765	13,070	33,700	2,205	610	1,590
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	17,505	13,685	3,825	455	355	100
3 Health occupations	26,660	5,235	21,420	450	65	385
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	39,240	12,350	26,890	3,310	1,045	2,265
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	8,070	3,485	4,590	570	285	285
6 Sales and service occupations	78,700	32,570	46,135	3,505	1,690	1,815
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	51,785	48,430	3,355	2,565	2,435	130
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	7,890	5,705	2,190	300	275	15
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	24,910	17,820	7,090	205	165	45
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	344,320	178,070	166,255	16,340	8,515	7,820
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	7,420	3,760	3,665	1,385	735	650
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	336,905	174,315	162,590	14,955	7,780	7,175
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	10,855	7,240	3,615	155	145	15
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	555	505	55	595	440	160
22 Utilities	1,840	1,405	435	285	240	40
23 Construction	23,725	21,225	2,505	930	815	115
31-33 Manufacturing	44,490	32,455	12,030	150	100	50
41 Wholesale trade	11,560	8,165	3,400	105	80	25
44-45 Retail trade	37,575	17,430	20,145	1,720	835	885
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	15,795	12,035	3,760	795	625	175
51 Information and cultural industries	5,245	2,750	2,500	195	110	85
52 Finance and insurance	15,885	6,130	9,750	115	30	75
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	5,400	3,005	2,400	495	335	165
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	18,420	9,715	8,710	290	155	135
55 Management of companies and enterprises	220	95	125	10	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	15,860	8,980	6,880	385	245	135
61 Educational services	27,540	9,200	18,340	1,840	520	1,315
62 Health care and social assistance	44,475	7,920	36,555	1,245	220	1,030
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	6,660	3,305	3,360	285	175	110
72 Accommodation and food services	23,290	8,925	14,365	565	220	345
81 Other services (except public administration)	14,850	6,970	7,880	460	255	205
91 Public administration	12,645	6,855	5,790	4,345	2,240	2,105
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	320,965	165,580	155,380	12,820	6,425	6,395
Worked at home	23,960	12,600	11,365	385	215	170
Worked outside Canada	1,300	945	355	10	0	0
No fixed workplace address	35,040	26,035	9,000	945	815	135
Worked at usual place	260,660	126,000	134,660	11,485	5,395	6,090
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	260,665	126,000	134,660	11,485	5,395	6,090
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	172,395	78,320	94,080	11,050	5,110	5,940
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	39,875	19,790	20,085	350	235	120
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	47,845	27,575	20,275	30	20	10
Commute to a different province or territory	540	315	225	50	35	20
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	295,700	152,040	143,660	12,430	6,210	6,225
Car, truck, van - as a driver	236,705	124,800	111,905	3,605	2,135	1,470
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	20,950	9,340	11,610	2,225	1,045	1,175
Public transit	16,670	6,840	9,835	105	50	50
Walked	15,780	7,530	8,245	5,495	2,395	3,100
Bicycle	2,890	2,110	785	20	15	10
Other method	2,705	1,415	1,285	995	565	430
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	295,700	152,040	143,660	12,430	6,210	6,225
Less than 15 minutes	96,650	45,675	50,975	10,585	5,255	5,330
15 to 29 minutes	115,840	58,105	57,735	1,330	625	705
30 to 44 minutes	51,705	28,625	23,085	145	60	80
45 to 59 minutes	16,675	9,370	7,300	60	45	20
60 minutes and over	14,830	10,260	4,570	315	230	85
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	295,700	152,040	143,660	12,430	6,210	6,220
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	19,945	13,755	6,195	135	110	25
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	53,475	33,730	19,745	580	425	160
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	77,285	38,965	38,320	2,060	1,365	690
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	60,875	23,825	37,050	6,595	2,860	3,735
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	29,645	12,080	17,570	1,545	765	780
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	54,465	29,685	24,780	1,510	685	830
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	366,240	187,880	178,360	17,000	8,780	8,215
Single responses	363,870	186,875	176,990	16,715	8,635	8,080
Official languages	361,630	185,660	175,970	12,215	6,465	5,745
English	360,040	185,260	174,775	12,145	6,430	5,710
French	1,590	395	1,195	70	40	35
Non-official languages	2,240	1,215	1,020	4,500	2,170	2,330
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	4,475	2,155	2,320
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	4,475	2,160	2,320
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	25	10	20
Inuktitut	0	0	0	4,450	2,155	2,300
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	2,235	1,220	1,020	15	0	10
Afro-Asiatic languages	185	130	50	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	180	130	55	0	0	0
Amharic	15	10	0	0	0	0
Arabic	165	125	35	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	10	0	10	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	100	45	55	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	20	10	15	0	0	0
Vietnamese	75	30	45	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	20	0	15	10	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	15	0	20	0	0	10
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	1,245	670	580	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	130	50	80	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	130	50	80	0	0	0
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	65	25	40	0	0	0
Russian	45	25	20	0	0	0
Serbian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	10	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	720	405	315	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	110	75	30	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	520	260	255	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	10	10	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	80	60	25	0	0	0
Greek	10	0	10	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	55	35	20	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	25	15	15	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	10	0	10	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	10	10	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	30	20	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	25	15	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	340	180	160	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Portuguese	80	50	25	0	10	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	255	125	130	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	20	10	10	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	125	60	65	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	10	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	75	25	50	0	10	10
American Sign Language	50	10	45	0	0	10
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	20	10	0	10	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	450	260	190	0	0	0
Chinese languages	455	265	190	0	0	0
Cantonese	135	80	50	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	300	175	125	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	25	10	15	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	10	10	0	0	0
Lao	15	10	10	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	10	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	10	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	10	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	2,370	1,000	1,370	285	145	140
English and French	745	235	510	15	10	10
English and non-official language	1,580	755	825	270	135	135
French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	40	10	30	0	0	0
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	366,240	187,880	178,360	17,000	8,780	8,220
None	354,180	182,365	171,815	7,360	4,060	3,295
English	2,145	880	1,270	3,665	1,705	1,960
French	3,405	1,260	2,140	355	210	140
Non-official language	6,280	3,280	3,000	5,560	2,770	2,785
Aboriginal	40	10	30	5,520	2,760	2,765
Non-Aboriginal	6,240	3,270	2,970	40	10	25
English and French	15	0	10	10	10	0
English and non-official language	25	10	15	0	0	0
French and non-official language	180	70	110	55	25	30
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	638,245	312,235	326,010	34,880	17,750	17,125
Non-movers	549,180	268,795	280,385	29,485	15,105	14,375
Movers	89,065	43,445	45,625	5,400	2,640	2,750
Non-migrants	52,995	25,950	27,050	3,560	1,760	1,800
Migrants	36,070	17,500	18,570	1,835	885	955
Internal migrants	29,490	14,205	15,280	1,785	865	925
Intraprovincial migrants	26,250	12,560	13,690	795	380	415
Interprovincial migrants	3,245	1,645	1,595	990	480	510
External migrants	6,585	3,290	3,290	50	20	30
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	609,405	297,365	312,045	31,435	16,015	15,420
Non-movers	371,500	181,705	189,795	18,455	9,575	8,880
Movers	237,905	115,660	122,250	12,975	6,440	6,535
Non-migrants	136,650	66,420	70,235	8,745	4,355	4,395
Migrants	101,255	49,240	52,010	4,235	2,085	2,150
Internal migrants	81,735	39,595	42,140	4,045	2,005	2,040
Intraprovincial migrants	74,270	35,980	38,295	1,510	755	755
Interprovincial migrants	7,465	3,615	3,845	2,535	1,250	1,285
External migrants	19,515	9,645	9,870	185	80	105

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 35 referrer

Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 36 referrer

Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 37 referrer

Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 38 referrer

Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

Return to footnote 39 referrer

Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 40 referrer

Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

Return to footnote 41 referrer

Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 42 referrer

Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Return to footnote 43 referrer

Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 44 referrer

Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 45 referrer

Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

Return to footnote 46 referrer

Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

Return to footnote 47 referrer

Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 48 referrer

Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

Return to footnote 49 referrer

Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 50 referrer

Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 51 referrer

Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

Return to footnote 52 referrer

Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 53 referrer

Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 54 referrer

Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Return to footnote 55 referrer

Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Return to footnote 56 referrer

Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

Return to footnote 57 referrer

Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Return to footnote 58 referrer

Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Return to footnote 59 referrer

Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Return to footnote 60 referrer

Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Return to footnote 61 referrer

Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Return to footnote 62 referrer

Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Return to footnote 63 referrer

Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Return to footnote 64 referrer

Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

Return to footnote 65 referrer

Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

Return to footnote 66 referrer

Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Return to footnote 67 referrer

Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 68 referrer

Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

Return to footnote 69 referrer

Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

Return to footnote 70 referrer

Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

Return to footnote 71 referrer

Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 72 referrer

Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

Return to footnote 73 referrer

Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Return to footnote 74 referrer

Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Return to footnote 75 referrer

Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

Return to footnote 76 referrer

Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

Return to footnote 77 referrer

Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

Return to footnote 78 referrer

Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 79 referrer

Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Return to footnote 80 referrer

Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Return to footnote 81 referrer

Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 82 referrer

Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Return to footnote 83 referrer

Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

Return to footnote 84 referrer

Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 85 referrer

Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Return to footnote 86 referrer

Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 87 referrer

Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Return to footnote 88 referrer

Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Return to footnote 89 referrer

Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Return to footnote 90 referrer

Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Return to footnote 91 referrer

Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Return to footnote 92 referrer

Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Return to footnote 93 referrer

Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

Return to footnote 94 referrer

Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 95 referrer

Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

Return to footnote 96 referrer

Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

Return to footnote 97 referrer

Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

Return to footnote 98 referrer

Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

Return to footnote 99 referrer

Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

Return to footnote 100 referrer

Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

Return to footnote 101 referrer

Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

Return to footnote 102 referrer

Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 103 referrer

Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

Return to footnote 104 referrer

Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

Return to footnote 105 referrer

Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

Return to footnote 106 referrer

Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

Return to footnote 107 referrer

Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

Return to footnote 108 referrer

Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

Return to footnote 109 referrer

Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

Return to footnote 110 referrer

Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

Return to footnote 111 referrer

Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

Return to footnote 112 referrer

Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

Return to footnote 113 referrer

Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

Return to footnote 114 referrer

Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

Return to footnote 115 referrer

Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

Return to footnote 116 referrer

Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

Return to footnote 117 referrer

Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

Return to footnote 118 referrer

Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

Return to footnote 119 referrer

Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

Return to footnote 120 referrer

Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

Return to footnote 121 referrer

Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

Return to footnote 122 referrer

Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

Return to footnote 123 referrer

Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

Return to footnote 124 referrer

Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

Return to footnote 125 referrer

Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

Return to footnote 126 referrer

Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

Return to footnote 127 referrer

Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

Return to footnote 128 referrer

Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

Return to footnote 129 referrer

Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

Return to footnote 130 referrer

Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

Return to footnote 131 referrer

Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

Return to footnote 132 referrer

Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

Return to footnote 133 referrer

Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

Return to footnote 134 referrer

Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

Return to footnote 135 referrer

Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

Return to footnote 136 referrer

Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 137 referrer

Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

Return to footnote 138 referrer

Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

Return to footnote 139 referrer

Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

Return to footnote 140 referrer

Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

Return to footnote 141 referrer

Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

Return to footnote 142 referrer

Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

Return to footnote 143 referrer

Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

Return to footnote 144 referrer

Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

Return to footnote 145 referrer

Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Return to footnote 146 referrer

Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

Return to footnote 147 referrer

Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

Return to footnote 148 referrer

Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

Return to footnote 149 referrer

Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

Return to footnote 150 referrer

Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

Return to footnote 151 referrer

Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

Return to footnote 152 referrer

Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

Return to footnote 153 referrer

Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

Return to footnote 154 referrer

Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

Return to footnote 155 referrer

Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

Return to footnote 156 referrer

Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Return to footnote 157 referrer

Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

Return to footnote 158 referrer

Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

Return to footnote 159 referrer

Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Return to footnote 160 referrer

Footnote 161

Return to footnote 161 referrer

Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Return to footnote 162 referrer

Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

Return to footnote 163 referrer

Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

Return to footnote 164 referrer

Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

Return to footnote 165 referrer

Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

Return to footnote 166 referrer

Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

Return to footnote 167 referrer

Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

Return to footnote 168 referrer

Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

Return to footnote 169 referrer

Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

Return to footnote 170 referrer

Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

Return to footnote 171 referrer

Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

Return to footnote 172 referrer

Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

Return to footnote 173 referrer

Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

Return to footnote 174 referrer

Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

Return to footnote 175 referrer

Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

Return to footnote 176 referrer

Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

Return to footnote 177 referrer

Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

Return to footnote 178 referrer

Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 179 referrer

Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Return to footnote 180 referrer

Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Return to footnote 181 referrer

Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. London [Economic region], Ontario and Nunavut [Territory] (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 17, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

Language selection

Search and menus

Search

Census Profile, 2016 Census
London [Economic region], Ontario and Nunavut [Territory]

Census Profile, 2016 Census London [Economic region], Ontario and Nunavut [Territory]

Source

How to cite

Census Profile, 2016 Census
London [Economic region], Ontario and Nunavut [Territory]