Census Profile, 2016 Census
Northeast [Economic region], Ontario and Canada [Country]

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Northeast Ontario [Economic region]			Canada [Country]
	Data quality , Northeast [Economic region], Ontario Map : Northeast [Economic region], Ontario Change geography 1			Data quality : Canada [Country] Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	548,449	...	...	35,151,728	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	551,144	...	...	33,476,688	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	-0.5	...	...	5.0	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	288,783	...	...	15,412,443	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	238,530	...	...	14,072,079	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	2.0	...	...	3.9	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	276,367.96	...	...	8,965,588.85	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	548,450	269,940	278,510	35,151,730	17,264,200	17,887,530
0 to 14 years	82,355	42,100	40,250	5,839,565	2,992,920	2,846,645
0 to 4 years	26,705	13,720	12,985	1,898,790	973,030	925,760
5 to 9 years	28,145	14,375	13,765	2,018,130	1,034,685	983,445
10 to 14 years	27,505	14,010	13,495	1,922,645	985,200	937,445
15 to 64 years	352,495	175,035	177,460	23,376,530	11,576,130	11,800,400
15 to 19 years	30,070	15,560	14,510	2,026,160	1,039,215	986,940
20 to 24 years	31,410	16,125	15,285	2,242,690	1,144,495	1,098,200
25 to 29 years	30,510	15,400	15,115	2,285,990	1,144,470	1,141,515
30 to 34 years	30,095	14,805	15,290	2,329,395	1,148,290	1,181,110
35 to 39 years	29,835	14,555	15,280	2,288,365	1,118,635	1,169,730
40 to 44 years	31,230	15,445	15,785	2,255,135	1,104,440	1,150,695
45 to 49 years	34,635	17,085	17,550	2,359,965	1,157,760	1,202,210
50 to 54 years	45,190	22,085	23,105	2,678,075	1,318,755	1,359,320
55 to 59 years	47,290	23,240	24,050	2,620,240	1,285,190	1,335,055
60 to 64 years	42,230	20,735	21,490	2,290,510	1,114,885	1,175,630
65 years and over	113,600	52,795	60,805	5,935,630	2,695,150	3,240,485
65 to 69 years	37,455	18,670	18,785	1,972,480	953,075	1,019,405
70 to 74 years	27,340	13,305	14,035	1,420,875	677,975	742,900
75 to 79 years	20,485	9,545	10,935	1,021,850	469,550	552,300
80 to 84 years	14,815	6,505	8,315	749,650	325,765	423,880
85 years and over	13,500	4,770	8,730	770,780	268,790	501,990
85 to 89 years	8,845	3,465	5,385	482,525	185,535	296,990
90 to 94 years	3,690	1,105	2,590	223,510	68,675	154,835
95 to 99 years	865	185	680	56,525	13,240	43,280
100 years and over	100	20	85	8,230	1,340	6,890
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	15.0	15.6	14.5	16.6	17.3	15.9
15 to 64 years	64.3	64.8	63.7	66.5	67.1	66.0
65 years and over	20.7	19.6	21.8	16.9	15.6	18.1
85 years and over	2.5	1.8	3.1	2.2	1.6	2.8
Average age of the population	43.8	42.9	44.6	41.0	40.1	41.9
Median age of the population	46.3	45.3	47.2	41.2	40.2	42.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	238,530	...	...	14,072,080	...	...
Single-detached house	164,260	...	...	7,541,495	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	9,950	...	...	1,391,040	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	62,270	...	...	4,949,795	...	...
Semi-detached house	11,420	...	...	698,800	...	...
Row house	8,185	...	...	891,305	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	10,395	...	...	784,300	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	31,485	...	...	2,539,390	...	...
Other single-attached house	785	...	...	36,005	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	2,050	...	...	189,755	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	238,530	...	...	14,072,080	...	...
1 person	71,315	...	...	3,969,790	...	...
2 persons	93,175	...	...	4,834,605	...	...
3 persons	33,785	...	...	2,140,640	...	...
4 persons	27,445	...	...	1,946,275	...	...
5 or more persons	12,810	...	...	1,180,770	...	...
Number of persons in private households	538,350	...	...	34,460,060	...	...
Average household size	2.3	...	...	2.4	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	466,095	227,830	238,260	29,312,160	14,271,280	15,040,885
Married or living common law	275,265	137,635	137,625	16,893,720	8,452,135	8,441,585
Married	217,320	108,755	108,565	13,383,455	6,693,465	6,689,990
Living common law	57,940	28,880	29,065	3,510,265	1,758,670	1,751,590
Not married and not living common law	190,830	90,195	100,635	12,418,440	5,819,140	6,599,300
Never married	112,720	62,535	50,185	8,254,340	4,444,425	3,809,915
Separated	16,115	7,525	8,595	718,295	309,905	408,400
Divorced	27,575	12,600	14,975	1,816,005	725,535	1,090,470
Widowed	34,420	7,530	26,890	1,629,800	339,280	1,290,525
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	162,505	...	...	9,840,730	...	...
2 persons	95,055	...	...	5,007,790	...	...
3 persons	32,270	...	...	2,107,830	...	...
4 persons	25,555	...	...	1,909,935	...	...
5 or more persons	9,630	...	...	815,170	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	162,510	...	...	9,840,730	...	...
Total couple families	135,440	...	...	8,227,925	...	...
Married couples	106,475	...	...	6,474,005	...	...
Common-law couples	28,965	...	...	1,753,920	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	27,065	...	...	1,612,805	...	...
Female parent	20,695	...	...	1,262,340	...	...
Male parent	6,370	...	...	350,465	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	135,440	...	...	8,227,925	...	...
Couples without children	77,905	...	...	4,024,305	...	...
Couples with children	57,535	...	...	4,203,615	...	...
1 child	24,970	...	...	1,650,165	...	...
2 children	23,565	...	...	1,783,080	...	...
3 or more children	9,000	...	...	770,375	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	27,070	...	...	1,612,805	...	...
1 child	17,145	...	...	983,485	...	...
2 children	7,295	...	...	457,670	...	...
3 or more children	2,625	...	...	171,655	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	97,840	47,575	50,265	6,107,260	2,941,395	3,165,865
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	238,530	...	...	14,072,075	...	...
One-census-family households	156,560	...	...	9,218,225	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	75,520	...	...	3,782,095	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	81,045	...	...	5,436,135	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	2,940	...	...	301,715	...	...
Non-census-family households	79,030	...	...	4,552,135	...	...
One-person households	71,315	...	...	3,969,790	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	7,710	...	...	582,350	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	542,175	267,475	274,695	34,767,255	17,101,170	17,666,080
English only	367,730	185,835	181,900	23,757,525	11,838,075	11,919,455
French only	7,155	3,260	3,895	4,144,685	1,925,845	2,218,840
English and French	166,125	77,930	88,195	6,216,065	3,071,325	3,144,740
Neither English nor French	1,160	455	705	648,970	265,920	383,045
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	542,170	267,475	274,695	34,767,250	17,101,165	17,666,085
English	426,125	211,985	214,140	26,007,500	12,852,330	13,155,165
French	112,990	54,130	58,855	7,705,755	3,780,105	3,925,650
English and French	1,990	955	1,035	417,485	209,130	208,355
Neither English nor French	1,070	405	665	636,515	259,600	376,910
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	113,980	54,610	59,375	7,914,495	3,884,670	4,029,825
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	21.0	20.4	21.6	22.8	22.7	22.8
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	542,175	267,475	274,695	34,767,255	17,101,170	17,666,085
Single responses	532,295	262,805	269,485	33,948,620	16,702,840	17,245,775
Official languages	501,040	247,930	253,110	26,627,555	13,201,620	13,425,940
English	386,630	193,080	193,555	19,460,850	9,680,125	9,780,725
French	114,415	54,850	59,560	7,166,705	3,521,495	3,645,215
Non-official languages	31,255	14,875	16,375	7,321,065	3,501,220	3,819,840
Aboriginal languages	4,530	2,085	2,450	195,700	94,795	100,900
Algonquian languages	4,440	2,040	2,400	130,450	62,930	67,520
Blackfoot	0	0	0	2,815	1,325	1,490
Cree-Montagnais languages	1,795	800	995	88,445	42,920	45,530
Atikamekw	5	0	0	6,150	3,135	3,015
Montagnais (Innu)	0	5	0	10,230	4,885	5,350
Moose Cree	55	30	25	100	50	55
Naskapi	0	0	5	1,205	590	620
Northern East Cree	20	5	10	315	125	190
Plains Cree	5	0	5	3,065	1,360	1,710
Southern East Cree	5	0	0	45	20	25
Swampy Cree	225	85	140	1,440	585	850
Woods Cree	0	5	5	1,840	865	975
Cree, n.o.s.	1,480	680	800	64,050	31,305	32,745
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	5	0	6,990	3,310	3,680
Malecite	5	0	0	305	140	160
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	6,690	3,170	3,520
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	2,635	1,225	1,405	32,150	15,350	16,800
Algonquin	20	15	10	1,260	590	670
Ojibway	2,465	1,155	1,310	17,890	8,440	9,450
Oji-Cree	30	5	20	12,855	6,260	6,595
Ottawa (Odawa)	120	55	65	150	65	85
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	10	10	5	45	25	20
Athabaskan languages	10	5	0	17,365	8,325	9,045
Northern Athabaskan languages	5	5	0	17,315	8,310	9,010
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	110	55	60
Beaver	0	0	0	190	85	105
Carrier	0	0	0	1,025	465	565
Chilcotin	0	0	0	660	295	360
Dene	5	5	5	10,700	5,185	5,515
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	1,645	840	815
Gwich'in	0	0	0	260	110	145
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	80	25	50
Sekani	0	0	0	90	45	45
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	1,995	950	1,045
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	765	365	400
South Slavey	0	0	0	945	455	495
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	280	130	150
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	270	135	140
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	180	90	90
Tahltan	0	0	0	95	40	50
Tutchone languages	0	0	5	290	120	170
Northern Tutchone	5	0	0	215	90	135
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	70	30	40
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	50	20	35
Haida	5	0	0	75	35	40
Inuit languages	15	5	5	36,545	18,100	18,445
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	1,025	445	575
Inuktitut	5	5	5	35,215	17,530	17,680
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	315	125	185
Iroquoian languages	5	0	0	1,115	485	635
Cayuga	0	5	0	45	20	20
Mohawk	0	0	0	980	430	555
Oneida	0	0	0	55	20	40
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	15	20
Kutenai	0	0	0	105	55	55
Michif	5	0	0	465	230	235
Salish languages	0	0	0	2,305	1,130	1,180
Comox	0	0	0	80	45	40
Halkomelem	0	0	0	475	225	245
Lillooet	0	0	0	315	155	155
Okanagan	0	0	0	270	135	135
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	445	225	220
Squamish	0	0	0	40	20	20
Straits	0	0	0	80	40	40
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	335	150	185
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	255	135	125
Siouan languages	5	0	5	4,285	2,070	2,220
Dakota	0	0	0	1,215	570	635
Stoney	0	0	0	3,025	1,465	1,555
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	55	30	25
Tlingit	0	0	0	95	40	55
Tsimshian languages	5	0	0	1,480	730	755
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	880	435	445
Nisga'a	0	0	5	400	200	200
Tsimshian	0	0	0	200	90	110
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	805	370	435
Haisla	0	0	0	90	40	50
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	95	40	55
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	325	145	185
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	285	135	140
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	55	30	25	585	295	295
Non-Aboriginal languages	26,720	12,790	13,930	7,125,365	3,406,425	3,718,945
Afro-Asiatic languages	860	550	310	575,365	298,060	277,300
Berber languages	25	10	15	22,135	11,865	10,270
Kabyle	15	10	10	13,150	6,995	6,155
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	8,985	4,865	4,115
Cushitic languages	15	5	5	42,885	20,095	22,790
Bilen	0	0	0	805	455	350
Oromo	0	0	0	4,960	2,560	2,400
Somali	5	5	0	36,755	16,895	19,865
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	365	195	170
Semitic languages	820	530	295	509,190	265,465	243,725
Amharic	10	10	0	22,465	10,720	11,745
Arabic	745	485	260	419,890	220,785	199,105
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	10	0	5	16,070	7,910	8,160
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	5,545	2,780	2,770
Harari	0	0	0	1,320	635	685
Hebrew	10	10	0	19,530	10,480	9,045
Maltese	25	15	10	5,565	2,765	2,800
Tigrigna	15	10	5	16,650	8,310	8,340
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	2,155	1,085	1,070
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	1,155	635	520
Austro-Asiatic languages	225	105	125	176,725	81,810	94,920
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	5	5	20,130	9,270	10,860
Vietnamese	215	100	120	156,425	72,470	83,955
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	170	65	100
Austronesian languages	585	160	430	511,480	211,580	299,900
Bikol	0	0	0	1,790	790	1,000
Cebuano	35	10	25	19,890	7,930	11,960
Fijian	0	0	0	745	400	345
Hiligaynon	15	0	10	6,885	2,680	4,205
Ilocano	35	15	20	26,345	10,620	15,720
Malagasy	0	0	0	1,430	665	760
Malay	25	10	15	12,275	5,255	7,020
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	4,040	1,865	2,175
Pangasinan	0	0	0	1,390	590	800
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	480	120	360	431,380	178,575	252,810
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	1,110	430	675
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	4,195	1,770	2,425
Creole languages	25	15	10	72,125	32,310	39,820
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	3,030	1,445	1,590
Creole, n.o.s.	20	5	10	64,105	28,455	35,660
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	4,985	2,410	2,575
Dravidian languages	270	140	130	189,405	94,765	94,640
Kannada	15	10	5	3,970	2,040	1,935
Malayalam	80	35	45	28,570	14,770	13,800
Tamil	90	50	40	140,720	69,080	71,640
Telugu	90	45	40	15,655	8,640	7,020
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	490	240	250
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	795	395	405
Indo-European languages	19,460	9,370	10,090	3,877,330	1,889,400	1,987,930
Albanian	5	5	5	26,890	13,610	13,285
Armenian	15	10	10	33,455	16,270	17,185
Balto-Slavic languages	3,940	1,780	2,165	701,975	323,640	378,340
Baltic languages	200	100	100	12,530	5,315	7,215
Latvian	90	45	50	5,455	2,350	3,105
Lithuanian	110	60	50	7,075	2,965	4,115
Slavic languages	3,740	1,680	2,065	689,450	318,325	371,115
Belarusan	5	5	5	810	385	430
Bosnian	10	5	5	12,210	6,035	6,180
Bulgarian	35	20	15	20,025	9,675	10,345
Croatian	535	255	285	48,200	23,540	24,665
Czech	180	105	80	22,290	10,525	11,765
Macedonian	25	15	10	16,775	8,050	8,725
Polish	1,360	570	790	181,710	82,435	99,275
Russian	280	115	165	188,255	85,400	102,855
Serbian	125	70	55	57,350	28,535	28,815
Serbo-Croatian	15	5	10	9,555	4,565	4,985
Slovak	125	65	60	17,580	8,075	9,510
Slovene (Slovenian)	145	65	80	9,790	4,415	5,370
Ukrainian	880	375	505	102,485	45,440	57,040
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	2,415	1,255	1,165
Celtic languages	35	10	20	2,690	1,335	1,360
Scottish Gaelic	20	5	15	1,090	540	550
Welsh	10	5	5	1,075	495	575
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	530	295	235
Germanic languages	5,110	2,445	2,670	538,765	258,410	280,350
Afrikaans	75	45	35	10,265	5,115	5,145
Danish	110	60	50	12,630	6,245	6,390
Dutch	875	440	435	99,020	48,200	50,820
Frisian	20	10	5	2,100	1,095	1,005
German	3,860	1,815	2,045	384,035	183,215	200,820
Icelandic	0	0	0	1,285	600	685
Norwegian	35	10	20	4,615	2,170	2,445
Swedish	80	35	50	6,840	3,015	3,825
Vlaams (Flemish)	40	20	20	3,895	1,730	2,165
Yiddish	5	0	5	13,555	6,750	6,800
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	525	280	240
Greek	285	155	130	106,525	53,350	53,170
Indo-Iranian languages	1,550	820	725	1,312,750	664,120	648,630
Indo-Aryan languages	1,380	735	650	1,064,760	538,530	526,235
Bengali	90	55	40	73,125	37,410	35,720
Gujarati	385	210	175	108,780	55,105	53,670
Hindi	265	140	125	110,640	55,880	54,765
Kashmiri	0	0	0	565	300	265
Konkani	0	0	5	3,330	1,625	1,710
Marathi	10	10	5	8,295	4,300	3,995
Nepali	85	40	45	18,275	9,230	9,045
Oriya (Odia)	5	5	0	1,055	560	495
Punjabi (Panjabi)	235	120	115	501,680	253,515	248,160
Sindhi	15	5	10	11,860	5,605	6,260
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	35	20	15	16,335	8,050	8,285
Urdu	255	135	120	210,815	106,960	103,860
Iranian languages	165	85	80	242,805	122,835	119,970
Kurdish	10	10	5	11,705	6,345	5,355
Pashto	20	10	10	16,910	8,760	8,145
Persian (Farsi)	135	65	65	214,200	107,725	106,470
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	5,180	2,755	2,425
Italic (Romance) languages	8,520	4,140	4,375	1,154,270	558,660	595,615
Catalan	0	0	0	865	440	425
Italian	6,830	3,335	3,495	375,635	184,415	191,220
Portuguese	665	340	325	221,540	106,630	114,910
Romanian	130	65	65	96,665	46,195	50,470
Spanish	880	395	480	458,850	220,605	238,245
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	20	5	10	720	380	340
Japanese	80	25	55	43,640	14,790	28,855
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	1,715	910	805
Georgian	0	0	0	1,715	910	805
Korean	185	95	90	153,425	70,310	83,115
Mongolic languages	0	0	5	1,575	690	885
Mongolian	0	0	0	1,575	690	880
Niger-Congo languages	320	175	145	91,375	45,075	46,305
Akan (Twi)	35	15	15	13,455	6,490	6,970
Bamanankan	0	0	5	1,535	815	720
Edo	0	0	0	1,670	770	900
Ewe	5	0	0	1,760	950	805
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	10	5	5	2,825	1,495	1,335
Ga	0	0	0	920	445	470
Ganda	0	0	0	1,295	625	665
Igbo	15	15	5	4,235	2,265	1,970
Lingala	15	5	10	3,810	1,785	2,025
Rundi (Kirundi)	15	10	5	5,845	2,785	3,060
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	25	10	10	5,250	2,355	2,895
Shona	25	15	10	3,180	1,520	1,665
Swahili	35	20	15	13,370	6,385	6,990
Wolof	10	5	0	3,990	2,170	1,820
Yoruba	35	20	15	9,085	4,785	4,300
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	85	50	35	19,135	9,435	9,695
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	0	0	5,870	3,025	2,845
Dinka	0	0	0	2,120	1,115	1,000
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	3,755	1,910	1,840
Sign languages	120	60	65	7,500	3,925	3,575
American Sign Language	40	15	25	2,685	1,320	1,360
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	695	340	355
Sign languages, n.i.e	75	40	35	4,120	2,265	1,860
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,445	690	750	1,269,215	589,570	679,645
Chinese languages	1,435	685	745	1,253,360	581,650	671,715
Cantonese	585	280	305	565,270	262,865	302,405
Hakka	5	5	0	10,910	4,900	6,015
Mandarin	660	310	350	592,040	274,630	317,410
Min Dong	0	5	5	1,230	580	650
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	5	10	31,795	14,450	17,350
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	5	0	12,915	5,780	7,140
Chinese, n.o.s.	165	80	80	38,580	18,165	20,410
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	610	275	335
Tibeto-Burman languages	10	5	5	15,850	7,925	7,935
Burmese	5	0	0	3,585	1,795	1,790
Karenic languages	10	5	5	4,705	2,355	2,350
Tibetan	0	0	0	6,165	3,080	3,080
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,400	695	705
Tai-Kadai languages	50	10	35	22,010	8,870	13,145
Lao	5	0	5	12,670	6,145	6,525
Thai	40	10	30	9,255	2,690	6,565
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	80	35	55
Turkic languages	45	30	15	40,140	21,120	19,025
Azerbaijani	5	0	0	3,260	1,785	1,470
Turkish	30	25	10	32,815	17,375	15,440
Uyghur	5	5	0	1,035	510	525
Uzbek	5	0	0	1,715	855	865
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	1,315	590	720
Uralic languages	3,015	1,365	1,650	81,985	37,790	44,195
Estonian	170	80	90	5,445	2,325	3,115
Finnish	2,455	1,085	1,375	15,295	6,395	8,900
Hungarian	385	205	185	61,235	29,060	32,175
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5
Other languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	3,690	2,045	1,645
Multiple responses	9,880	4,665	5,210	818,635	398,325	420,305
English and French	7,125	3,360	3,765	165,320	80,460	84,860
English and non-official language	2,455	1,170	1,280	533,265	259,160	274,100
French and non-official language	180	85	95	86,150	42,170	43,985
English, French and non-official language	115	50	70	33,900	16,535	17,365
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	542,175	267,475	274,695	34,767,250	17,101,165	17,666,085
Single responses	530,685	262,165	268,520	33,103,860	16,298,475	16,805,395
Official languages	520,715	257,495	263,220	29,106,670	14,383,020	14,723,645
English	454,750	226,385	228,365	22,162,865	10,966,135	11,196,730
French	65,970	31,105	34,860	6,943,800	3,416,890	3,526,910
Non-official languages	9,970	4,670	5,300	3,997,195	1,915,450	2,081,750
Aboriginal languages	1,585	775	810	118,470	59,720	58,750
Algonquian languages	1,545	760	785	75,080	37,825	37,260
Blackfoot	0	0	0	1,115	555	555
Cree-Montagnais languages	680	320	365	55,825	28,135	27,685
Atikamekw	0	0	0	5,465	2,825	2,640
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	8,590	4,195	4,395
Moose Cree	5	5	0	10	5	5
Naskapi	0	0	0	1,200	595	605
Northern East Cree	5	5	5	110	55	60
Plains Cree	0	5	0	1,350	665	685
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	20	5	15
Swampy Cree	75	35	40	330	140	190
Woods Cree	0	0	0	800	410	390
Cree, n.o.s.	590	270	320	37,945	19,240	18,710
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	3,615	1,795	1,820
Malecite	0	0	0	55	30	30
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	3,560	1,770	1,795
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	865	440	420	14,525	7,335	7,190
Algonquin	0	0	0	370	170	200
Ojibway	785	400	385	6,175	3,165	3,015
Oji-Cree	5	0	0	7,900	3,960	3,940
Ottawa (Odawa)	65	35	30	75	40	35
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	5	5	5
Athabaskan languages	0	5	0	10,265	5,125	5,135
Northern Athabaskan languages	5	0	0	10,255	5,120	5,135
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	15	10	10
Beaver	0	0	0	50	30	20
Carrier	0	0	0	245	115	130
Chilcotin	0	0	0	255	125	130
Dene	0	0	0	7,710	3,805	3,905
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	1,020	550	475
Gwich'in	0	0	0	45	25	25
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	10	5	5
Sekani	0	0	0	15	10	5
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	820	425	395
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	340	180	155
South Slavey	0	0	0	370	190	185
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	105	55	55
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	25	15	15
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	25	10	10
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	5	5
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	30	15	15
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	25	15	10
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	10	0	5
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	5	5
Haida	0	0	0	10	5	0
Inuit languages	0	0	5	29,490	14,995	14,495
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	165	75	90
Inuktitut	0	0	0	29,230	14,885	14,345
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	90	40	55
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	285	135	155
Cayuga	0	5	0	10	0	5
Mohawk	0	0	0	255	115	140
Oneida	0	0	0	15	5	10
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	5
Kutenai	0	0	0	15	10	5
Michif	0	0	0	85	40	45
Salish languages	0	0	0	285	130	150
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	45	20	25
Lillooet	0	0	0	25	15	10
Okanagan	0	0	0	85	35	45
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	55	30	20
Squamish	0	0	0	5	0	5
Straits	0	0	0	20	10	15
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	20	10	10
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	15	10
Siouan languages	0	0	0	2,225	1,085	1,140
Dakota	0	0	0	255	140	120
Stoney	0	0	0	1,950	940	1,010
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	10	15
Tlingit	0	0	0	5	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	410	210	190
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	315	155	155
Nisga'a	0	0	0	70	40	30
Tsimshian	0	0	0	25	15	15
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	75	45	35
Haisla	0	0	0	20	10	15
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	5	5	5
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	20	10	10
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	30	15	15
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	30	15	20	235	110	125
Non-Aboriginal languages	8,390	3,900	4,490	3,878,725	1,855,730	2,022,995
Afro-Asiatic languages	435	270	160	307,755	153,275	154,480
Berber languages	20	10	10	8,105	4,215	3,895
Kabyle	15	5	10	5,490	2,855	2,640
Berber languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	2,620	1,365	1,260
Cushitic languages	5	0	5	27,095	12,455	14,640
Bilen	0	0	0	620	330	285
Oromo	0	0	0	3,410	1,700	1,710
Somali	0	0	0	22,895	10,340	12,555
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	185	85	95
Semitic languages	410	260	150	272,100	136,390	135,720
Amharic	5	0	5	12,780	6,010	6,770
Arabic	385	245	140	223,540	112,690	110,850
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	5	0	5	10,510	5,090	5,425
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	3,445	1,695	1,750
Harari	0	0	0	735	335	400
Hebrew	5	0	5	8,560	4,425	4,135
Maltese	0	0	0	1,130	525	605
Tigrigna	5	10	5	10,205	5,040	5,170
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	1,200	585	620
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	440	215	230
Austro-Asiatic languages	160	80	75	115,210	53,500	61,710
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	10,880	4,940	5,945
Vietnamese	160	85	75	104,245	48,525	55,725
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	85	40	45
Austronesian languages	190	70	120	239,785	108,110	131,680
Bikol	0	0	0	290	140	155
Cebuano	0	0	0	7,210	3,325	3,880
Fijian	0	0	0	195	105	90
Hiligaynon	5	0	0	2,205	970	1,240
Ilocano	5	5	5	9,125	4,045	5,080
Malagasy	0	0	0	435	220	210
Malay	0	0	0	3,620	1,710	1,910
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	1,200	565	630
Pangasinan	0	0	0	240	110	135
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	180	70	110	213,790	96,235	117,555
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	310	135	170
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,160	545	620
Creole languages	10	5	5	27,860	12,005	15,850
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	1,280	575	705
Creole, n.o.s.	10	0	5	24,575	10,510	14,060
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	2,005	920	1,085
Dravidian languages	130	55	75	122,490	59,780	62,710
Kannada	0	0	5	1,630	825	800
Malayalam	40	10	25	15,440	7,865	7,575
Tamil	45	20	25	96,955	46,570	50,385
Telugu	45	20	25	8,280	4,430	3,850
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	190	85	105
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	340	160	180
Indo-European languages	5,610	2,550	3,060	1,911,215	927,225	983,985
Albanian	0	0	0	13,135	6,575	6,560
Armenian	5	5	5	21,505	10,165	11,345
Balto-Slavic languages	850	365	485	314,965	149,315	165,650
Baltic languages	25	5	15	3,275	1,400	1,870
Latvian	10	5	5	1,255	530	725
Lithuanian	15	5	10	2,020	870	1,150
Slavic languages	830	360	470	311,690	147,910	163,780
Belarusan	0	0	0	230	105	120
Bosnian	0	5	0	6,045	3,010	3,040
Bulgarian	15	5	5	11,985	5,835	6,150
Croatian	125	55	75	16,775	7,980	8,795
Czech	40	20	20	6,235	3,060	3,180
Macedonian	5	5	0	6,830	3,250	3,580
Polish	335	150	185	74,780	34,910	39,870
Russian	125	60	65	116,595	55,175	61,425
Serbian	20	10	10	31,750	15,665	16,085
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	5	3,885	1,865	2,020
Slovak	15	5	10	5,615	2,685	2,920
Slovene (Slovenian)	25	10	10	2,050	905	1,145
Ukrainian	125	50	80	28,250	13,150	15,100
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	670	310	360
Celtic languages	5	0	5	360	205	155
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	185	105	80
Welsh	0	0	0	95	50	45
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	80	50	30
Germanic languages	1,310	645	665	146,455	71,835	74,615
Afrikaans	35	20	20	4,790	2,355	2,435
Danish	5	0	5	855	410	445
Dutch	65	30	35	9,565	4,630	4,935
Frisian	0	0	0	185	95	90
German	1,195	590	600	120,335	58,905	61,435
Icelandic	0	0	0	270	120	150
Norwegian	0	0	0	345	145	200
Swedish	15	10	5	1,045	500	545
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	355	170	185
Yiddish	0	0	0	7,080	3,695	3,385
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,625	820	810
Greek	105	50	50	44,545	21,110	23,440
Indo-Iranian languages	850	445	410	838,755	416,960	421,795
Indo-Aryan languages	760	400	365	676,185	337,440	338,745
Bengali	40	25	15	47,350	23,585	23,765
Gujarati	245	130	110	64,150	31,740	32,405
Hindi	145	70	75	55,510	27,805	27,710
Kashmiri	0	0	0	135	70	70
Konkani	0	0	0	720	355	370
Marathi	10	5	5	3,780	1,940	1,840
Nepali	50	25	25	13,375	6,710	6,670
Oriya (Odia)	5	0	0	470	235	240
Punjabi (Panjabi)	145	75	75	349,145	174,905	174,240
Sindhi	0	0	0	4,975	2,280	2,695
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	5	5	7,790	3,860	3,925
Urdu	120	65	55	128,785	63,965	64,820
Iranian languages	85	40	35	160,195	78,310	81,880
Kurdish	5	5	0	6,580	3,400	3,175
Pashto	5	5	0	10,590	5,305	5,290
Persian (Farsi)	65	35	35	143,020	69,600	73,425
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	2,375	1,215	1,160
Italic (Romance) languages	2,480	1,035	1,445	531,485	251,050	280,440
Catalan	0	0	0	355	165	190
Italian	1,890	750	1,140	115,415	49,975	65,440
Portuguese	215	105	110	98,710	46,915	51,795
Romanian	35	15	15	53,320	25,795	27,525
Spanish	335	165	175	263,510	128,110	135,400
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	180	85	95
Japanese	15	5	10	19,785	8,265	11,515
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	1,040	565	475
Georgian	0	0	0	1,035	565	475
Korean	115	60	55	109,705	51,385	58,320
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	910	440	470
Mongolian	0	0	0	910	435	470
Niger-Congo languages	60	25	35	28,665	13,340	15,320
Akan (Twi)	5	0	0	5,990	2,695	3,295
Bamanankan	0	0	0	340	180	160
Edo	0	0	0	415	175	240
Ewe	5	0	0	410	185	225
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	825	400	425
Ga	0	0	0	250	105	140
Ganda	0	0	0	345	160	185
Igbo	0	0	0	1,000	485	510
Lingala	5	0	0	1,045	455	590
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	5	2,110	990	1,115
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	15	5	10	1,530	670	865
Shona	5	0	0	1,035	475	560
Swahili	5	0	0	5,370	2,500	2,870
Wolof	5	0	0	1,380	745	635
Yoruba	10	5	5	2,615	1,275	1,340
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	15	5	5	4,010	1,850	2,160
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	5	5	2,650	1,305	1,350
Dinka	0	0	0	1,130	580	550
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	1,525	730	800
Sign languages	180	95	85	10,445	5,870	4,570
American Sign Language	45	20	25	3,015	1,560	1,460
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	5	730	375	355
Sign languages, n.i.e	130	70	55	6,690	3,935	2,755
Sino-Tibetan languages	825	420	400	924,720	433,530	491,190
Chinese languages	815	420	395	913,365	427,860	485,505
Cantonese	295	150	150	400,215	184,340	215,885
Hakka	0	0	0	4,080	1,820	2,265
Mandarin	420	215	205	462,890	220,075	242,815
Min Dong	0	5	0	345	150	195
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	13,965	6,345	7,625
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	5	0	7,650	3,580	4,075
Chinese, n.o.s.	95	50	45	23,935	11,440	12,500
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	280	130	150
Tibeto-Burman languages	10	0	5	11,350	5,670	5,680
Burmese	5	0	5	2,245	1,115	1,125
Karenic languages	10	0	5	3,865	1,935	1,930
Tibetan	0	0	0	4,590	2,305	2,280
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	655	305	345
Tai-Kadai languages	25	10	15	9,565	4,455	5,110
Lao	0	0	0	6,175	2,995	3,180
Thai	20	10	15	3,360	1,450	1,915
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	30	15	15
Turkic languages	5	0	5	22,250	11,205	11,045
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	1,245	640	610
Turkish	5	0	0	18,955	9,525	9,430
Uyghur	0	0	0	610	315	290
Uzbek	0	0	0	990	505	490
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	455	230	225
Uralic languages	635	255	380	23,245	10,715	12,535
Estonian	20	5	15	975	365	610
Finnish	510	200	310	2,790	1,220	1,565
Hungarian	105	45	55	19,485	9,125	10,355
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	1,110	605	500
Multiple responses	11,485	5,310	6,175	1,663,390	802,695	860,690
English and French	6,715	3,060	3,655	160,185	77,940	82,235
English and non-official language	4,485	2,115	2,370	1,284,975	620,375	664,600
French and non-official language	115	60	50	148,915	70,915	78,000
English, French and non-official language	165	75	95	69,315	33,465	35,850
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	542,175	267,475	274,695	34,767,255	17,101,165	17,666,080
None	452,085	225,735	226,355	29,615,245	14,612,175	15,003,065
English	35,450	16,615	18,835	2,109,340	1,045,215	1,064,120
French	41,615	19,105	22,510	731,095	342,245	388,855
Non-official language	12,465	5,770	6,690	2,151,690	1,023,940	1,127,750
Aboriginal	3,530	1,615	1,915	90,740	42,890	47,850
Non-Aboriginal	8,935	4,155	4,785	2,060,945	981,055	1,079,895
English and French	70	35	40	47,970	23,785	24,190
English and non-official language	160	80	85	61,075	30,045	31,030
French and non-official language	310	135	180	48,755	22,690	26,065
English, French and non-official language	10	5	5	2,080	1,075	1,010
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	456,170	223,745	232,420	28,642,980	13,990,620	14,652,355
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	440,775	216,870	223,905	27,488,530	13,444,335	14,044,190
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	33,649	41,652	26,956	34,204	40,782	28,860
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	440,985	216,880	224,105	27,499,185	13,449,010	14,050,175
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	30,758	37,385	25,084	30,866	35,933	26,621
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	384,900	193,560	191,340	24,583,315	12,296,595	12,286,725
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	31,098	39,740	24,043	32,762	39,925	26,613
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	329,580	151,165	178,415	19,743,240	8,755,815	10,987,430
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	8,354	8,597	7,969	5,453	4,199	6,136
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	309,860	163,975	145,880	20,428,685	10,547,760	9,880,925
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	31,722	38,633	26,898	33,684	39,836	28,474
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	456,165	223,750	232,420	28,643,015	13,990,430	14,652,585
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	440,470	216,595	223,875	27,489,395	13,441,555	14,047,845
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	43,701	52,418	35,267	47,487	56,740	38,632
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	440,675	216,600	224,080	27,500,230	13,446,230	14,053,995
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	36,845	43,208	30,694	38,977	45,404	32,828
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	384,595	193,490	191,100	24,584,065	12,295,015	12,289,055
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	42,133	51,322	32,830	46,885	56,803	36,962
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	329,995	151,265	178,730	19,742,130	8,752,070	10,990,060
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	9,227	9,409	9,073	7,738	7,345	8,050
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	309,855	163,495	146,355	20,428,670	10,542,540	9,886,130
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	41,881	49,034	33,890	46,057	54,369	37,193
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	456,165	223,750	232,415	28,643,015	13,990,430	14,652,585
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	136,885	75,645	61,235	9,367,045	5,231,015	4,136,035
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	54,558	63,143	46,410	53,431	59,326	47,420
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	62,401	70,674	52,181	65,997	74,289	55,510
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	84.2	87.5	79.4	88.3	91.6	83.7
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	67.3	70.4	62.8	72.0	75.2	67.7
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	15.8	12.5	20.6	11.7	8.4	16.3
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	456,165	223,750	232,420	28,642,980	13,990,620	14,652,360
Without total income	15,395	6,880	8,510	1,154,450	546,285	608,165
With total income	440,775	216,870	223,910	27,488,530	13,444,335	14,044,195
Percentage with total income	96.6	96.9	96.3	96.0	96.1	95.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	57,315	22,825	34,485	3,877,620	1,668,960	2,208,655
$10,000 to $19,999	79,215	30,210	49,000	4,680,380	1,867,600	2,812,785
$20,000 to $29,999	64,075	26,100	37,975	3,807,840	1,593,335	2,214,505
$30,000 to $39,999	53,085	25,180	27,910	3,206,175	1,472,670	1,733,510
$40,000 to $49,999	45,565	22,980	22,585	2,827,045	1,376,565	1,450,480
$50,000 to $59,999	35,180	18,980	16,200	2,179,775	1,145,685	1,034,090
$60,000 to $69,999	26,215	15,630	10,585	1,655,070	938,755	716,310
$70,000 to $79,999	19,415	12,190	7,225	1,271,850	745,830	526,015
$80,000 to $89,999	15,160	9,750	5,410	966,885	579,290	387,590
$90,000 to $99,999	13,600	8,345	5,250	749,290	452,240	297,050
$100,000 and over	31,960	24,675	7,285	2,266,600	1,603,400	663,195
$100,000 to $149,999	24,480	18,760	5,715	1,493,570	1,024,210	469,365
$150,000 and over	7,485	5,915	1,565	773,025	579,190	193,830
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	456,170	223,750	232,420	28,642,980	13,990,620	14,652,360
Without after-tax income	15,180	6,865	8,315	1,143,795	541,620	602,175
With after-tax income	440,985	216,880	224,105	27,499,185	13,449,010	14,050,175
Percentage with after-tax income	96.7	96.9	96.4	96.0	96.1	95.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	59,440	23,230	36,210	4,004,475	1,706,825	2,297,645
$10,000 to $19,999	82,435	31,550	50,880	4,905,055	1,972,920	2,932,130
$20,000 to $29,999	73,720	30,625	43,095	4,489,925	1,926,175	2,563,755
$30,000 to $39,999	62,765	31,075	31,685	3,924,960	1,870,705	2,054,250
$40,000 to $49,999	51,060	27,035	24,025	3,144,200	1,619,670	1,524,525
$50,000 to $59,999	35,510	21,075	14,435	2,209,280	1,245,570	963,705
$60,000 to $69,999	24,870	16,010	8,860	1,540,300	912,230	628,065
$70,000 to $79,999	20,010	12,740	7,270	1,076,180	654,570	421,610
$80,000 and over	31,175	23,540	7,635	2,204,820	1,540,335	664,485
$80,000 to $89,999	12,310	8,845	3,465	688,705	444,550	244,145
$90,000 to $99,999	6,990	5,425	1,565	420,975	291,090	129,885
$100,000 and over	11,875	9,265	2,605	1,095,140	804,690	290,445
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	456,170	223,745	232,420	28,642,980	13,990,625	14,652,360
Without employment income	146,310	59,770	86,540	8,214,295	3,442,860	4,771,430
With employment income	309,855	163,975	145,880	20,428,690	10,547,760	9,880,925
Percentage with employment income	67.9	73.3	62.8	71.3	75.4	67.4
Under $5,000 (including loss)	54,090	30,495	23,595	2,778,990	1,357,430	1,421,560
$5,000 to $9,999	25,030	10,550	14,475	1,602,140	697,025	905,120
$10,000 to $19,999	38,425	16,370	22,055	2,736,010	1,212,855	1,523,155
$20,000 to $29,999	31,980	13,715	18,260	2,293,785	1,022,090	1,271,695
$30,000 to $39,999	29,625	12,550	17,070	2,149,860	1,001,065	1,148,795
$40,000 to $49,999	27,255	12,570	14,685	1,928,565	946,625	981,940
$50,000 to $59,999	22,745	12,275	10,470	1,554,100	839,045	715,055
$60,000 to $69,999	17,305	10,585	6,720	1,220,310	708,270	512,040
$70,000 to $79,999	14,195	9,070	5,125	992,170	591,945	400,225
$80,000 and over	49,215	35,795	13,420	3,172,770	2,171,415	1,001,355
$80,000 to $89,999	12,190	7,950	4,240	773,755	475,700	298,055
$90,000 to $99,999	11,815	7,275	4,535	623,980	382,330	241,650
$100,000 and over	25,215	20,570	4,640	1,775,030	1,313,385	461,645
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	238,530	...	...	14,072,080	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	63,938	...	...	70,336	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	57,018	...	...	61,348	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	71,315	...	...	3,969,790	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	30,399	...	...	35,174	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	28,096	...	...	31,446	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	167,215	...	...	10,102,290	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	83,009	...	...	88,249	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	72,955	...	...	76,419	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	238,530	...	...	14,072,075	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	80,698	...	...	92,764	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	68,070	...	...	76,171	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	71,260	...	...	3,967,765	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	40,444	...	...	46,799	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	34,623	...	...	38,685	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	167,270	...	...	10,104,315	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	97,847	...	...	110,813	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	82,319	...	...	90,890	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	238,530	...	...	14,072,075	...	...
Under $5,000	2,630	...	...	228,790	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	3,485	...	...	200,315	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	8,625	...	...	374,575	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	11,230	...	...	565,940	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	12,695	...	...	602,800	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	10,440	...	...	538,710	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	11,430	...	...	603,480	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	11,360	...	...	606,600	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	10,860	...	...	596,110	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	10,420	...	...	578,325	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	19,135	...	...	1,097,345	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	16,860	...	...	1,010,415	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	14,980	...	...	924,320	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	13,620	...	...	836,765	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	12,065	...	...	745,655	...	...
$100,000 and over	68,695	...	...	4,561,920	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	23,815	...	...	1,470,255	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	16,535	...	...	1,016,245	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	17,595	...	...	1,116,140	...	...
$200,000 and over	10,760	...	...	959,285	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	238,530	...	...	14,072,075	...	...
Under $5,000	2,805	...	...	243,780	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	3,570	...	...	203,865	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	8,700	...	...	380,680	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	11,630	...	...	591,660	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	14,020	...	...	673,740	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	11,670	...	...	628,225	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	13,015	...	...	719,825	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	12,935	...	...	725,675	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	12,785	...	...	711,180	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	11,900	...	...	691,695	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	22,610	...	...	1,299,680	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	19,165	...	...	1,169,515	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	17,340	...	...	1,041,635	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	14,905	...	...	900,055	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	12,505	...	...	757,295	...	...
$100,000 and over	48,960	...	...	3,333,575	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	22,335	...	...	1,371,945	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	12,830	...	...	809,540	...	...
$150,000 and over	13,800	...	...	1,152,090	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	161,585	...	...	9,688,845	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	83,281	...	...	88,306	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	73,091	...	...	76,372	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	73,955	...	...	3,706,220	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	75,038	...	...	78,976	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	66,334	...	...	68,309	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	58,270	...	...	4,222,140	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	116,856	...	...	113,465	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	99,279	...	...	96,608	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	3.9	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	25,340	...	...	1,481,410	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	47,666	...	...	53,193	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	44,878	...	...	48,856	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	161,670	...	...	9,689,855	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	98,200	...	...	111,235	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	82,503	...	...	91,040	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	73,835	...	...	3,706,400	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	87,878	...	...	101,086	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	74,064	...	...	82,296	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	58,260	...	...	4,225,855	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	129,032	...	...	137,094	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	106,702	...	...	111,307	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	25,310	...	...	1,477,190	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	58,341	...	...	65,549	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	51,848	...	...	56,687	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	87,870	43,050	44,820	5,313,545	2,608,845	2,704,705
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	28,608	32,438	25,982	31,890	34,483	29,801
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	26,629	29,629	24,678	28,959	30,746	27,495
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	87,605	42,665	44,935	5,299,050	2,596,985	2,702,070
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	38,502	42,754	34,465	42,939	46,085	39,915
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	33,085	35,813	30,495	35,801	37,724	33,952
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	538,350	265,760	272,590	34,460,065	16,971,550	17,488,515
In the bottom half of the distribution	271,930	129,335	142,590	17,229,835	8,256,970	8,972,865
In the bottom decile	55,590	26,790	28,800	3,445,950	1,672,900	1,773,050
In the second decile	57,480	25,110	32,370	3,445,660	1,564,965	1,880,700
In the third decile	53,570	25,275	28,295	3,446,165	1,641,930	1,804,235
In the fourth decile	52,470	25,710	26,760	3,445,850	1,677,120	1,768,730
In the fifth decile	52,820	26,440	26,375	3,446,210	1,700,060	1,746,150
In the top half of the distribution	266,420	136,425	130,000	17,230,230	8,714,580	8,515,650
In the sixth decile	52,175	26,185	25,995	3,445,695	1,716,510	1,729,185
In the seventh decile	54,725	27,850	26,875	3,446,470	1,730,975	1,715,500
In the eighth decile	57,480	29,435	28,040	3,445,940	1,741,640	1,704,300
In the ninth decile	58,760	30,310	28,455	3,446,045	1,751,850	1,694,195
In the top decile	43,280	22,645	20,635	3,446,080	1,773,600	1,672,475
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	523,820	258,455	265,360	33,968,295	16,724,265	17,244,035
0 to 17 years	95,670	49,040	46,625	6,836,380	3,504,250	3,332,125
0 to 5 years	30,550	15,705	14,845	2,228,770	1,142,505	1,086,270
18 to 64 years	322,770	159,520	163,255	21,695,090	10,690,090	11,005,005
65 years and over	105,385	49,900	55,485	5,436,830	2,529,930	2,906,905
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	78,175	35,635	42,545	4,809,940	2,243,200	2,566,740
0 to 17 years	18,115	9,330	8,780	1,163,830	597,570	566,255
0 to 5 years	6,810	3,470	3,340	396,095	203,055	193,030
18 to 64 years	46,055	21,350	24,710	2,855,290	1,341,590	1,513,700
65 years and over	14,015	4,960	9,055	790,825	304,040	486,780
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	14.9	13.8	16.0	14.2	13.4	14.9
0 to 17 years (%)	18.9	19.0	18.8	17.0	17.1	17.0
0 to 5 years (%)	22.3	22.1	22.5	17.8	17.8	17.8
18 to 64 years (%)	14.3	13.4	15.1	13.2	12.5	13.8
65 years and over (%)	13.3	9.9	16.3	14.5	12.0	16.7
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	34,075	16,780	17,295	3,128,995	1,519,370	1,609,630
0 to 17 years	7,205	3,710	3,495	696,025	357,255	338,770
0 to 5 years	2,955	1,510	1,440	236,435	121,170	115,260
18 to 64 years	25,270	12,450	12,815	2,157,745	1,057,585	1,100,160
65 years and over	1,600	620	985	275,225	104,525	170,695
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	6.5	6.5	6.5	9.2	9.1	9.3
0 to 17 years (%)	7.5	7.6	7.5	10.2	10.2	10.2
0 to 5 years (%)	9.7	9.6	9.7	10.6	10.6	10.6
18 to 64 years (%)	7.8	7.8	7.8	9.9	9.9	10.0
65 years and over (%)	1.5	1.2	1.8	5.1	4.1	5.9
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	538,350	265,760	272,590	34,460,065	16,971,575	17,488,485
Official languages	537,125	265,275	271,850	33,818,210	16,709,290	17,108,920
English	530,045	262,115	267,930	29,748,265	14,806,270	14,941,995
French	172,415	80,900	91,525	10,242,945	4,952,455	5,290,495
Non-official languages	42,540	20,540	22,005	9,369,280	4,488,185	4,881,090
Aboriginal languages	7,555	3,480	4,080	263,845	127,550	136,295
Algonquian languages	7,325	3,385	3,945	177,570	85,505	92,065
Blackfoot	0	0	0	5,645	2,695	2,950
Cree-Montagnais languages	2,635	1,215	1,420	116,585	56,515	60,070
Atikamekw	10	0	0	6,640	3,335	3,305
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	11,440	5,500	5,945
Moose Cree	125	65	55	195	80	115
Naskapi	0	0	10	1,465	710	755
Northern East Cree	35	10	20	545	225	320
Plains Cree	15	10	10	5,905	2,705	3,200
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	40	30	10
Swampy Cree	375	170	205	2,345	995	1,350
Woods Cree	10	10	0	2,665	1,230	1,435
Cree, n.o.s.	2,105	965	1,140	86,115	42,080	44,035
Eastern Algonquian languages	10	10	0	9,765	4,710	5,050
Malecite	0	10	0	755	370	390
Mi'kmaq	10	0	0	9,025	4,350	4,670
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	4,725	2,180	2,540	46,685	22,100	24,585
Algonquin	50	30	25	2,480	1,165	1,315
Ojibway	4,485	2,065	2,415	28,585	13,365	15,220
Oji-Cree	65	25	40	15,610	7,575	8,030
Ottawa (Odawa)	160	85	70	205	105	105
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	120	60	60
Athabaskan languages	20	10	10	23,655	11,340	12,320
Northern Athabaskan languages	15	10	10	23,570	11,300	12,265
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	210	105	100
Beaver	0	0	0	340	180	165
Carrier	10	10	0	2,105	955	1,145
Chilcotin	0	0	0	1,150	535	610
Dene	0	0	0	13,060	6,270	6,790
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	2,375	1,210	1,165
Gwich'in	0	0	0	360	165	200
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	150	60	90
Sekani	0	0	0	185	85	100
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	2,815	1,340	1,475
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	1,010	475	530
South Slavey	0	0	0	1,365	660	710
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	680	320	360
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	630	340	285
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	365	205	170
Tahltan	0	0	0	270	140	130
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	420	160	260
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	285	115	170
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	145	50	95
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	85	35	50
Haida	0	0	0	465	205	260
Inuit languages	40	20	30	42,980	21,355	21,630
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	1,975	895	1,080
Inuktitut	15	10	10	40,620	20,280	20,340
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	30	0	20	470	225	240
Iroquoian languages	10	10	10	2,800	1,240	1,555
Cayuga	0	0	0	125	40	85
Mohawk	10	0	0	2,415	1,120	1,295
Oneida	0	0	0	180	60	125
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	115	45	75
Kutenai	0	0	0	175	95	80
Michif	85	40	50	1,210	585	625
Salish languages	0	0	0	5,750	2,730	3,015
Comox	0	0	0	185	75	110
Halkomelem	0	0	0	1,060	475	585
Lillooet	0	0	0	790	405	385
Okanagan	0	0	0	820	370	450
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	1,305	640	665
Squamish	0	0	0	285	125	155
Straits	0	0	0	360	160	200
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	450	220	235
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	565	295	270
Siouan languages	10	0	0	5,430	2,665	2,770
Dakota	0	10	0	1,760	870	890
Stoney	0	0	0	3,675	1,805	1,875
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	140	70	70
Tlingit	0	0	0	260	140	120
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	2,730	1,350	1,380
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	1,305	645	660
Nisga'a	10	0	0	1,060	545	515
Tsimshian	0	0	0	410	180	235
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	1,490	680	805
Haisla	0	0	0	175	65	110
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	125	50	75
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	605	285	320
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	565	265	300
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	20	10
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	90	40	45	665	310	360
Non-Aboriginal languages	35,005	17,065	17,945	9,107,075	4,361,420	4,745,660
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,260	735	525	837,355	432,560	404,795
Berber languages	20	10	15	29,460	15,745	13,715
Kabyle	20	10	10	17,120	9,100	8,015
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	12,505	6,735	5,775
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	57,125	26,870	30,250
Bilen	0	0	0	1,085	625	470
Oromo	0	0	0	6,245	3,070	3,175
Somali	10	0	10	49,665	23,070	26,590
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	480	220	265
Semitic languages	1,245	725	515	771,130	400,780	370,350
Amharic	10	0	10	33,670	16,675	16,995
Arabic	1,115	665	455	629,055	329,235	299,820
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	19,745	9,720	10,020
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	10	10	0	7,115	3,505	3,610
Harari	0	0	0	1,710	855	860
Hebrew	55	20	30	75,020	38,730	36,290
Maltese	50	35	15	7,625	3,760	3,870
Tigrigna	10	0	10	21,340	10,640	10,705
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	3,220	1,655	1,565
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	2,775	1,440	1,335
Austro-Asiatic languages	315	150	170	224,865	105,845	119,020
Khmer (Cambodian)	15	10	10	27,035	12,640	14,400
Vietnamese	300	145	155	198,895	93,735	105,155
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	190	70	120
Austronesian languages	715	220	500	656,200	273,075	383,125
Bikol	10	0	10	2,075	885	1,190
Cebuano	85	30	60	27,045	10,960	16,085
Fijian	10	0	0	1,660	955	705
Hiligaynon	15	0	10	7,925	3,200	4,720
Ilocano	45	15	30	34,530	13,805	20,730
Malagasy	0	0	0	2,335	1,120	1,220
Malay	65	40	25	22,470	10,370	12,100
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	5,425	2,445	2,980
Pangasinan	0	0	0	1,800	790	1,015
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	625	165	460	612,735	253,210	359,530
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	1,395	530	860
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	10	5,585	2,540	3,040
Creole languages	95	60	30	155,615	70,545	85,070
Haitian Creole	20	10	10	6,850	3,140	3,710
Creole, n.o.s.	25	15	15	133,045	59,890	73,160
Creole languages, n.i.e.	50	40	15	16,635	7,955	8,675
Dravidian languages	380	200	180	250,180	126,220	123,960
Kannada	15	10	10	8,245	4,180	4,065
Malayalam	50	25	25	37,810	19,410	18,400
Tamil	160	95	60	189,860	94,640	95,220
Telugu	180	80	100	23,160	12,770	10,390
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	790	385	405
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	870	435	435
Indo-European languages	25,725	12,500	13,225	5,158,010	2,506,455	2,651,555
Albanian	20	10	15	31,930	16,140	15,790
Armenian	10	10	0	41,295	19,980	21,315
Balto-Slavic languages	3,950	1,810	2,140	817,315	384,960	432,350
Baltic languages	210	120	95	14,675	6,470	8,205
Latvian	110	60	45	6,500	2,960	3,540
Lithuanian	105	60	45	8,185	3,510	4,675
Slavic languages	3,755	1,700	2,055	805,915	379,965	425,945
Belarusan	0	10	0	2,265	1,070	1,195
Bosnian	20	10	0	18,265	9,055	9,215
Bulgarian	35	25	10	22,425	10,920	11,505
Croatian	630	280	350	69,840	34,515	35,325
Czech	260	130	130	28,720	13,675	15,050
Macedonian	20	20	10	23,075	11,190	11,880
Polish	1,370	580	790	214,965	99,365	115,600
Russian	390	155	240	269,645	127,055	142,595
Serbian	155	90	70	73,775	37,040	36,740
Serbo-Croatian	30	15	10	11,275	5,525	5,750
Slovak	130	85	40	21,470	10,215	11,255
Slovene (Slovenian)	125	40	85	11,495	5,205	6,290
Ukrainian	845	380	470	132,115	58,820	73,300
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	35	20	15	3,000	1,590	1,405
Celtic languages	100	60	40	9,165	4,705	4,455
Scottish Gaelic	50	25	25	3,980	2,010	1,975
Welsh	20	10	10	1,690	830	860
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	35	25	0	3,590	1,915	1,680
Germanic languages	6,070	2,970	3,100	695,535	337,215	358,320
Afrikaans	165	110	55	23,410	11,795	11,610
Danish	120	75	50	15,745	7,320	8,425
Dutch	1,085	520	565	120,865	57,885	62,990
Frisian	10	0	10	2,910	1,515	1,395
German	4,720	2,300	2,415	502,730	245,745	256,985
Icelandic	0	0	0	1,780	830	945
Norwegian	70	25	45	8,120	3,860	4,260
Swedish	130	55	75	14,140	6,510	7,635
Vlaams (Flemish)	25	15	10	4,400	1,945	2,455
Yiddish	20	10	10	20,985	10,435	10,550
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	8,710	4,425	4,285
Greek	465	230	235	150,965	75,510	75,455
Indo-Iranian languages	2,065	1,085	975	1,658,220	840,850	817,365
Indo-Aryan languages	1,865	980	890	1,387,805	704,370	683,435
Bengali	140	75	75	91,220	46,935	44,285
Gujarati	450	260	195	149,045	74,765	74,285
Hindi	980	520	460	433,365	221,665	211,700
Kashmiri	0	0	0	905	490	420
Konkani	0	0	0	6,790	3,185	3,605
Marathi	45	25	20	15,570	8,200	7,365
Nepali	95	40	60	21,380	10,915	10,470
Oriya (Odia)	10	0	10	1,535	755	775
Punjabi (Panjabi)	320	175	150	668,240	341,450	326,790
Sindhi	10	0	10	20,260	9,310	10,945
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	35	30	10	27,825	13,970	13,855
Urdu	420	205	210	322,220	164,685	157,535
Iranian languages	220	125	95	281,715	142,030	139,680
Kurdish	30	20	10	15,290	8,290	7,000
Pashto	30	25	10	23,180	12,465	10,715
Persian (Farsi)	165	85	80	252,320	126,565	125,755
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	20	10	15	8,875	4,715	4,155
Italic (Romance) languages	13,545	6,585	6,965	1,897,630	898,530	999,100
Catalan	0	0	0	2,035	1,145	890
Italian	9,250	4,495	4,760	574,725	278,500	296,225
Portuguese	910	505	405	295,955	144,465	151,485
Romanian	130	60	75	115,050	55,275	59,770
Spanish	3,585	1,640	1,940	995,255	460,250	535,010
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	50	30	20	2,680	1,610	1,075
Japanese	185	90	95	83,090	36,760	46,335
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	2,150	1,075	1,075
Georgian	0	0	0	2,150	1,080	1,070
Korean	280	145	135	172,755	80,170	92,590
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	2,090	960	1,130
Mongolian	0	0	0	2,090	960	1,130
Niger-Congo languages	465	285	175	177,215	88,135	89,080
Akan (Twi)	50	35	20	22,145	10,810	11,340
Bamanankan	0	0	0	3,190	1,660	1,530
Edo	0	0	0	3,220	1,510	1,705
Ewe	0	0	0	3,000	1,685	1,315
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	4,725	2,460	2,260
Ga	0	0	0	2,250	1,140	1,110
Ganda	0	0	0	2,495	1,175	1,320
Igbo	25	15	10	8,850	4,710	4,140
Lingala	70	30	35	17,010	7,865	9,145
Rundi (Kirundi)	25	10	15	8,590	4,075	4,515
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	15	10	10	7,860	3,600	4,260
Shona	35	20	15	5,425	2,530	2,905
Swahili	90	45	50	38,680	19,565	19,115
Wolof	10	10	0	8,240	4,455	3,785
Yoruba	65	50	20	22,420	11,475	10,940
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	165	120	45	40,760	20,375	20,385
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	7,015	3,520	3,495
Dinka	0	0	0	2,475	1,280	1,190
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	4,555	2,240	2,315
Sign languages	940	395	550	48,115	18,985	29,130
American Sign Language	405	160	245	21,930	7,780	14,155
Quebec Sign Language	35	10	25	4,665	1,665	3,005
Sign languages, n.i.e.	520	230	290	22,275	9,835	12,440
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,680	905	775	1,430,440	672,100	758,340
Chinese languages	1,680	905	780	1,413,110	663,465	749,640
Cantonese	780	415	360	699,125	325,840	373,285
Hakka	0	0	0	12,445	5,555	6,890
Mandarin	840	455	380	814,450	377,635	436,815
Min Dong	10	10	0	1,045	440	600
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	30	15	15	42,840	19,005	23,835
Wu (Shanghainese)	15	10	10	16,530	7,490	9,040
Chinese, n.o.s.	170	80	85	41,690	19,995	21,690
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	590	250	340
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	18,270	9,100	9,175
Burmese	0	0	0	4,995	2,490	2,500
Karenic languages	0	10	0	4,895	2,425	2,475
Tibetan	0	0	0	7,050	3,555	3,490
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	2,375	1,160	1,220
Tai-Kadai languages	40	10	30	30,400	13,210	17,195
Lao	10	0	0	17,235	8,240	8,990
Thai	30	10	20	15,390	5,875	9,520
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	115	50	65
Turkic languages	55	40	15	60,530	31,585	28,945
Azerbaijani	15	10	10	5,450	2,885	2,565
Turkish	30	25	10	50,775	26,605	24,165
Uyghur	0	10	0	1,385	685	700
Uzbek	0	0	0	2,465	1,230	1,235
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,870	905	965
Uralic languages	3,385	1,585	1,800	94,810	44,270	50,545
Estonian	170	90	80	6,070	2,750	3,315
Finnish	2,820	1,265	1,555	17,595	7,540	10,050
Hungarian	395	230	165	71,285	34,005	37,280
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	10	10
Other languages, n.i.e.	60	30	35	9,730	5,375	4,355
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	538,350	265,760	272,595	34,460,065	16,971,580	17,488,490
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	530,975	262,190	268,785	32,034,590	15,799,495	16,235,090
Canadian citizens aged under 18	99,465	51,115	48,355	6,652,795	3,412,785	3,240,010
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	431,510	211,080	220,430	25,381,795	12,386,710	12,995,080
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	7,375	3,570	3,810	2,425,480	1,172,085	1,253,400
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	538,355	265,755	272,595	34,460,065	16,971,575	17,488,485
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	507,470	250,805	256,670	26,412,610	13,124,325	13,288,290
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	29,385	14,125	15,260	7,540,830	3,586,495	3,954,330
Before 1981	18,755	9,015	9,745	1,941,510	927,795	1,013,715
1981 to 1990	2,235	1,155	1,080	915,555	439,245	476,310
1991 to 2000	2,375	1,085	1,285	1,486,655	696,720	789,940
2001 to 2010	3,765	1,835	1,925	1,985,035	940,570	1,044,465
2001 to 2005	1,595	795	810	928,935	439,890	489,050
2006 to 2010	2,165	1,045	1,125	1,056,095	500,680	555,415
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	2,255	1,040	1,220	1,212,075	582,175	629,895
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	1,495	830	665	506,625	260,755	245,870
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	29,385	14,130	15,255	7,540,830	3,586,500	3,954,335
Under 5 years	4,595	2,315	2,280	731,340	364,165	367,175
5 to 14 years	6,255	3,175	3,080	1,311,810	665,870	645,945
15 to 24 years	7,865	3,545	4,315	1,604,430	724,430	880,005
25 to 44 years	9,450	4,555	4,900	3,198,920	1,513,970	1,684,950
45 years and over	1,225	540	680	694,320	318,060	376,260
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	29,385	14,125	15,255	7,540,830	3,586,495	3,954,330
Americas	4,580	1,955	2,625	1,128,745	510,650	618,100
Brazil	50	15	35	29,320	13,235	16,080
Colombia	70	40	30	70,035	32,065	37,965
El Salvador	50	25	20	48,080	23,865	24,215
Guyana	75	30	45	87,685	38,940	48,745
Haiti	45	25	20	93,480	40,955	52,525
Jamaica	300	140	165	138,345	59,960	78,390
Mexico	155	45	110	80,585	37,530	43,055
Peru	50	0	40	29,615	12,950	16,665
Trinidad and Tobago	105	65	45	65,040	29,325	35,710
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	3,130	1,325	1,805	253,715	113,505	140,215
Other places of birth in Americas	550	245	305	232,850	108,325	124,530
Europe	18,850	9,255	9,595	2,088,410	1,015,145	1,073,260
Bosnia and Herzegovina	60	40	25	36,135	18,050	18,085
Croatia	325	150	175	40,045	20,005	20,035
France	290	125	165	105,565	55,395	50,170
Germany	2,445	1,180	1,270	145,845	69,525	76,320
Greece	235	125	110	62,715	31,580	31,135
Hungary	325	195	125	36,820	17,945	18,875
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	240	150	90	28,325	14,355	13,970
Italy	4,525	2,275	2,245	236,640	118,595	118,040
Netherlands	775	450	325	88,475	45,185	43,295
Poland	735	290	445	146,465	66,450	80,020
Portugal	515	280	240	139,450	68,150	71,300
Romania	155	80	70	90,305	42,795	47,510
Russian Federation	165	55	105	78,685	34,265	44,420
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	115	80	35	33,320	16,325	17,000
Ukraine	165	65	95	73,030	33,360	39,665
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	4,975	2,330	2,640	499,115	243,225	255,890
Other places of birth in Europe	2,820	1,385	1,435	247,470	119,945	127,530
Africa	1,150	650	500	637,485	322,510	314,970
Algeria	65	30	30	64,620	33,920	30,705
Egypt	100	65	35	64,615	34,125	30,495
Ethiopia	10	0	10	32,790	15,980	16,810
Kenya	25	10	15	27,150	12,810	14,340
Morocco	25	20	10	69,655	36,120	33,535
Nigeria	125	65	55	42,430	21,830	20,600
Somalia	10	0	0	27,230	12,070	15,160
South Africa, Republic of	170	100	65	44,660	22,205	22,460
Other places of birth in Africa	625	345	275	264,320	133,450	130,870
Asia	4,575	2,130	2,445	3,629,160	1,709,985	1,919,175
Afghanistan	50	20	25	51,955	26,030	25,930
Bangladesh	90	45	45	58,735	29,875	28,865
China^{Census data footnote 59}	930	390	540	649,260	290,800	358,460
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	135	70	60	208,940	98,020	110,915
India	1,070	510	560	668,565	334,030	334,540
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	95	50	40	154,425	77,970	76,455
Iraq	25	25	10	68,485	34,785	33,705
Japan	45	10	35	27,240	7,955	19,285
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	150	70	80	123,305	57,170	66,140
Lebanon	110	70	45	88,745	47,295	41,450
Pakistan	265	125	135	202,260	103,225	99,035
Philippines	635	175	455	588,305	247,095	341,210
Sri Lanka	95	60	30	131,995	64,825	67,170
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	80	40	35	52,960	26,595	26,365
Taiwan	40	25	15	63,770	28,170	35,605
Viet Nam	325	170	160	169,250	78,000	91,250
Other places of birth in Asia	455	260	195	320,965	158,150	162,815
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	235	145	90	57,030	28,210	28,825
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	2,260	1,040	1,220	1,212,075	582,180	629,895
Americas	380	175	210	152,595	72,870	79,720
Brazil	0	0	10	8,500	4,000	4,490
Colombia	0	0	0	15,300	6,885	8,415
Cuba	0	0	0	5,370	2,545	2,820
Haiti	0	0	10	19,985	9,160	10,830
Jamaica	25	20	0	12,495	6,680	5,820
Mexico	25	10	10	18,660	9,090	9,575
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	230	105	125	33,060	16,480	16,580
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	10	10	10	6,425	2,990	3,435
Other places of birth in Americas	75	35	45	32,790	15,040	17,750
Europe	255	110	145	140,030	70,995	69,035
France	0	0	0	24,150	13,000	11,150
Germany	10	0	10	6,300	3,255	3,045
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	0	0	0	5,660	3,540	2,120
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	0	0	0	5,900	2,735	3,165
Romania	15	10	0	7,610	3,330	4,280
Russian Federation	20	0	20	11,565	4,485	7,080
Ukraine	30	15	15	13,425	6,015	7,410
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	90	45	40	24,445	14,235	10,215
Other places of birth in Europe	90	45	45	40,970	20,405	20,570
Africa	330	170	160	162,800	81,545	81,245
Algeria	0	0	0	17,175	8,440	8,735
Cameroon	30	15	15	10,265	5,005	5,255
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	45	20	25	7,400	3,570	3,835
Côte d'Ivoire	30	10	15	6,240	3,030	3,210
Egypt	35	30	10	16,115	8,445	7,665
Eritrea	10	0	10	6,050	3,195	2,855
Ethiopia	0	0	0	7,510	3,625	3,890
Morocco	0	10	0	15,105	7,470	7,635
Nigeria	40	20	20	17,285	8,850	8,435
Somalia	0	0	0	5,335	2,600	2,730
South Africa, Republic of	35	20	10	5,765	2,935	2,830
Tunisia	20	10	10	6,700	3,475	3,230
Other places of birth in Africa	85	35	50	41,855	20,905	20,950
Asia	1,215	530	685	748,700	352,095	396,610
Afghanistan	0	0	0	9,240	4,530	4,710
Bangladesh	15	0	10	12,900	6,445	6,460
China^{Census data footnote 59}	115	40	70	129,020	57,745	71,270
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	0	0	0	4,975	2,090	2,880
India	410	205	210	147,190	75,145	72,045
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	35	25	0	42,070	20,580	21,490
Iraq	0	10	0	20,665	10,345	10,320
Israel	0	0	0	4,740	2,615	2,130
Japan	25	10	25	4,905	1,250	3,655
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	15	15	0	21,710	9,630	12,075
Lebanon	10	0	0	9,375	4,980	4,400
Nepal	20	10	10	7,505	3,780	3,715
Pakistan	90	40	55	41,480	20,530	20,945
Philippines	200	65	135	188,810	83,050	105,760
Saudi Arabia	10	0	0	5,465	2,820	2,640
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	11,495	5,190	6,305
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	65	35	30	29,945	15,245	14,700
Taiwan	0	0	0	4,310	1,685	2,625
Turkey	0	0	0	4,255	2,365	1,890
United Arab Emirates	0	0	10	6,135	3,220	2,910
Viet Nam	95	45	50	11,210	4,500	6,705
Other places of birth in Asia	95	30	60	31,320	14,345	16,970
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	75	55	15	7,955	4,670	3,280
Australia	65	55	15	4,965	2,950	2,010
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	10	10	0	2,990	1,720	1,270
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	538,350	265,760	272,590	34,460,060	16,971,575	17,488,485
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	32,380	15,730	16,655	8,219,555	3,936,045	4,283,505
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	57,330	28,115	29,220	6,100,725	3,053,075	3,047,650
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	448,635	221,920	226,715	20,139,790	9,982,460	10,157,330
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	10,945	5,280	5,660	5,703,615	2,709,530	2,994,085
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	4,985	2,625	2,365	2,994,130	1,496,240	1,497,885
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	2,160	1,490	670	1,220,755	755,370	465,380
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	2,825	1,135	1,695	1,773,380	740,870	1,032,510
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	4,690	1,900	2,790	1,782,490	728,085	1,054,400
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	1,155	690	470	858,845	453,675	405,175
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	110	70	35	68,145	31,530	36,615
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	538,355	265,760	272,590	34,460,065	16,971,575	17,488,485
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	69,515	34,005	35,505	1,673,785	813,520	860,265
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	67,705	33,150	34,555	1,629,805	792,970	836,835
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	41,465	19,715	21,750	977,235	471,510	505,725
Métis	25,975	13,295	12,680	587,545	289,435	298,115
Inuk (Inuit)	260	140	120	65,030	32,030	32,995
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	775	355	415	21,310	10,165	11,145
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	1,030	500	535	22,670	10,385	12,290
Non-Aboriginal identity	468,840	231,750	237,090	32,786,280	16,158,060	16,628,225
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	538,350	265,760	272,590	34,460,065	16,971,580	17,488,490
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	35,995	17,205	18,795	820,120	395,670	424,445
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	502,355	248,555	253,800	33,639,945	16,575,905	17,064,040
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	538,350	265,755	272,590	34,460,065	16,971,575	17,488,490
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	24,900	12,245	12,655	727,790	356,970	370,815
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	24,585	12,065	12,520	709,235	347,985	361,245
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	21,300	10,290	11,010	573,215	280,040	293,180
Métis single ancestry	3,195	1,735	1,460	91,255	45,740	45,515
Inuit single ancestry	95	40	55	44,765	22,210	22,555
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	315	180	135	18,555	8,985	9,565
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	230	135	95	15,140	7,305	7,835
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	65	40	25	2,470	1,205	1,265
Métis and Inuit ancestries	25	10	10	770	390	380
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	170	85	85
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	55,685	26,840	28,845	1,402,735	669,710	733,025
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	53,990	25,995	27,990	1,347,610	644,210	703,400
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	30,690	14,490	16,200	881,455	418,215	463,235
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	22,955	11,360	11,595	441,000	213,940	227,065
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	340	145	195	25,155	12,045	13,105
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	1,700	845	855	55,125	25,505	29,625
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	1,570	795	775	49,325	22,740	26,585
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	100	45	50	3,470	1,655	1,815
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	20	0	25	2,005	940	1,065
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	10	0	10	325	170	160
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	457,765	226,675	231,095	32,329,545	15,944,900	16,384,645
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	538,355	265,760	272,590	34,460,065	16,971,575	17,488,485
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	13,250	6,670	6,580	7,674,580	3,725,090	3,949,495
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	2,970	1,540	1,430	1,924,635	977,690	946,945
Chinese	2,400	1,225	1,170	1,577,060	746,400	830,665
Black	3,165	1,680	1,490	1,198,540	580,070	618,475
Filipino	925	320	610	780,125	341,800	438,330
Latin American	715	320	395	447,325	215,460	231,860
Arab	995	570	420	523,235	276,425	246,810
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	570	265	305	313,260	148,880	164,385
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	210	95	115	264,305	133,475	130,825
Korean	330	180	150	188,710	89,110	99,600
Japanese	255	115	140	92,920	40,105	52,815
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	300	150	150	132,090	62,540	69,550
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	420	210	210	232,375	113,140	119,230
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	525,095	259,085	266,010	26,785,480	13,246,485	13,539,000
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	538,350	265,760	272,595	34,460,065	16,971,575	17,488,485
North American Aboriginal origins	80,590	39,085	41,500	2,130,520	1,026,675	1,103,840
First Nations (North American Indian)	53,960	25,790	28,165	1,525,570	731,410	794,155
Inuit	650	280	370	79,130	38,695	40,435
Métis	28,000	14,040	13,965	599,995	291,310	308,690
Other North American origins	240,375	117,830	122,540	11,628,535	5,745,695	5,882,835
Acadian	845	420	425	119,675	57,805	61,865
American	4,955	2,430	2,525	377,405	182,690	194,715
Canadian	236,030	115,655	120,375	11,135,965	5,501,595	5,634,370
New Brunswicker	25	10	15	1,490	800	685
Newfoundlander	505	250	250	22,215	11,420	10,800
Nova Scotian	80	30	45	3,700	1,770	1,930
Ontarian	235	135	105	3,925	1,980	1,945
Québécois	700	355	345	194,560	99,320	95,235
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	0	0	0	1,895	950	945
European origins	387,640	190,620	197,015	19,683,320	9,687,715	9,995,605
British Isles origins	233,880	114,075	119,810	11,211,850	5,474,735	5,737,115
Channel Islander	15	10	0	3,595	1,740	1,855
Cornish	50	20	35	1,975	995	975
English	129,260	62,670	66,595	6,320,085	3,069,515	3,250,570
Irish	103,860	49,355	54,505	4,627,000	2,195,620	2,431,385
Manx	100	30	65	6,125	3,090	3,040
Scottish	94,835	46,020	48,815	4,799,005	2,323,390	2,475,620
Welsh	7,540	3,660	3,880	474,805	226,600	248,210
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	9,875	4,780	5,095	644,695	307,090	337,610
French origins	167,220	80,810	86,410	4,680,820	2,283,480	2,397,340
Alsatian	10	10	0	2,800	1,300	1,495
Breton	25	15	10	11,845	5,765	6,080
Corsican	0	0	0	1,750	950	805
French	167,200	80,795	86,405	4,670,595	2,278,430	2,392,165
Western European origins (except French origins)	65,480	32,135	33,345	4,600,855	2,258,095	2,342,760
Austrian	2,125	1,030	1,085	207,050	100,775	106,275
Bavarian	25	10	20	940	485	455
Belgian	1,495	750	745	186,665	91,395	95,270
Dutch	15,155	7,480	7,680	1,111,655	546,565	565,090
Flemish	65	40	35	11,685	5,730	5,960
Frisian	0	0	0	4,590	2,395	2,195
German	48,975	23,875	25,095	3,322,405	1,626,785	1,695,615
Luxembourger	30	20	15	3,915	2,025	1,890
Swiss	2,185	1,035	1,155	155,120	76,935	78,185
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	30	25	10	3,365	1,645	1,720
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	26,280	12,755	13,525	1,201,320	579,005	622,315
Danish	2,290	1,120	1,170	207,470	100,660	106,810
Finnish	15,860	7,765	8,090	143,645	69,045	74,600
Icelandic	660	260	400	101,795	49,875	51,915
Norwegian	3,670	1,775	1,900	463,275	223,075	240,200
Swedish	5,280	2,490	2,790	349,645	163,545	186,095
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	515	270	245	52,780	26,965	25,820
Eastern European origins	40,220	20,030	20,190	3,431,245	1,666,740	1,764,505
Bulgarian	205	100	105	34,565	16,935	17,625
Byelorussian	125	75	50	20,710	10,190	10,515
Czech	1,025	535	490	104,580	51,555	53,030
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	625	330	300	40,715	19,235	21,480
Estonian	790	460	330	24,530	11,715	12,815
Hungarian	2,800	1,360	1,440	348,085	170,040	178,045
Latvian	450	220	230	30,725	14,920	15,805
Lithuanian	845	420	425	59,285	28,745	30,535
Moldovan	10	0	0	14,915	7,265	7,650
Polish	15,635	7,860	7,775	1,106,585	533,830	572,750
Romanian	1,225	675	550	238,050	114,705	123,345
Russian	2,935	1,290	1,645	622,445	297,600	324,850
Slovak	910	475	435	72,285	35,360	36,925
Ukrainian	18,050	8,855	9,195	1,359,655	663,560	696,095
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	50	25	25	20,415	9,895	10,520
Southern European origins	51,130	25,360	25,765	3,012,375	1,494,605	1,517,775
Albanian	35	20	15	36,185	18,385	17,800
Bosnian	35	15	15	26,740	13,320	13,420
Catalan	0	0	0	1,280	740	535
Croatian	2,435	1,230	1,195	133,970	67,825	66,140
Cypriot	20	10	10	5,650	2,850	2,795
Greek	1,645	785	855	271,410	137,405	134,005
Italian	42,075	21,040	21,035	1,587,965	794,525	793,445
Kosovar	0	0	0	2,865	1,470	1,395
Macedonian	215	130	85	43,110	21,650	21,460
Maltese	470	250	220	41,920	20,955	20,965
Montenegrin	30	15	10	4,160	2,180	1,985
Portuguese	1,965	1,040	920	482,605	239,360	243,250
Serbian	375	215	165	96,530	49,095	47,440
Sicilian	70	45	25	6,940	3,500	3,435
Slovenian	570	275	295	40,470	20,105	20,365
Spanish	2,105	805	1,300	396,460	184,520	211,945
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	710	350	365	38,480	18,620	19,860
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	30	0	20	2,170	1,030	1,135
Other European origins	1,485	800	675	226,695	115,110	111,580
Basque	25	10	20	6,965	3,690	3,275
Jewish	640	335	300	143,660	72,625	71,035
Roma (Gypsy)	55	25	30	4,630	2,195	2,440
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	20	15	0	4,870	2,560	2,310
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	740	420	320	67,890	34,730	33,160
Caribbean origins	2,280	1,125	1,155	749,155	349,810	399,345
Antiguan	45	20	25	4,500	2,115	2,385
Bahamian	25	15	15	3,675	1,915	1,760
Barbadian	130	50	75	37,780	17,745	20,035
Bermudan	35	15	25	3,075	1,435	1,640
Carib	0	0	0	3,030	1,175	1,860
Cuban	70	30	45	29,065	13,800	15,270
Dominican	90	40	50	23,130	11,000	12,125
Grenadian	25	10	15	17,915	7,835	10,080
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	1,125	515	605
Haitian	110	65	45	165,095	76,460	88,635
Jamaican	1,190	620	570	309,485	145,080	164,410
Kittitian/Nevisian	0	0	0	2,915	1,460	1,460
Martinican	0	0	0	2,010	900	1,110
Montserratan	0	0	0	930	460	470
Puerto Rican	70	30	40	3,405	1,645	1,765
St. Lucian	50	30	20	8,985	4,095	4,890
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	240	125	110	78,965	37,325	41,635
Vincentian/Grenadinian	30	20	15	17,420	7,475	9,945
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	170	95	70	70,270	31,625	38,645
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	70	30	45	26,830	12,520	14,310
Latin, Central and South American origins	1,665	785	880	674,640	325,210	349,430
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	75	35	45	22,725	10,875	11,850
Arawak	10	10	10	1,440	610	830
Argentinian	65	30	35	20,680	10,130	10,545
Belizean	0	0	0	1,755	915	845
Bolivian	15	10	0	5,055	2,480	2,580
Brazilian	75	50	30	36,830	17,380	19,455
Chilean	65	30	35	45,190	22,280	22,910
Colombian	135	75	60	96,325	45,590	50,735
Costa Rican	10	0	10	5,535	2,680	2,855
Ecuadorian	50	25	25	25,405	11,995	13,415
Guatemalan	45	25	20	26,275	13,360	12,915
Guyanese	170	75	95	84,275	39,530	44,745
Hispanic	40	15	25	11,055	5,380	5,670
Honduran	15	15	0	10,650	5,235	5,415
Maya	30	15	20	6,285	3,350	2,940
Mexican	545	235	310	128,485	62,890	65,595
Nicaraguan	10	0	0	13,705	6,650	7,055
Panamanian	0	10	0	4,700	2,210	2,495
Paraguayan	0	0	0	4,325	2,165	2,160
Peruvian	170	80	90	42,145	19,645	22,505
Salvadorean	85	50	35	66,220	32,960	33,255
Uruguayan	25	10	15	6,795	3,390	3,410
Venezuelan	20	0	20	26,345	12,220	14,125
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	40	10	30	28,455	13,930	14,525
African origins	2,980	1,505	1,485	1,067,930	539,805	528,120
Central and West African origins	685	395	295	230,110	118,040	112,070
Akan	0	0	0	1,955	1,090	870
Angolan	0	0	0	2,960	1,475	1,480
Ashanti	0	0	0	1,585	855	735
Beninese	0	0	0	4,995	2,670	2,320
Burkinabe	0	0	0	3,150	1,665	1,485
Cameroonian	45	25	25	24,615	12,390	12,230
Chadian	10	10	0	1,845	955	885
Congolese	155	90	70	38,365	18,925	19,440
Edo	0	0	0	1,945	1,095	855
Ewe	0	0	0	845	470	375
Gabonese	0	0	0	1,405	660	750
Gambian	0	0	0	975	495	475
Ghanaian	95	70	30	35,495	17,720	17,770
Guinean	0	0	0	7,240	3,785	3,455
Ibo	10	10	0	5,315	2,850	2,470
Ivorian	55	30	20	10,935	5,485	5,450
Liberian	0	0	0	2,485	1,130	1,360
Malian	0	0	0	4,490	2,280	2,210
Malinké	0	0	0	1,125	585	535
Nigerian	230	115	115	51,835	27,025	24,805
Peulh	0	0	0	2,435	1,270	1,170
Senegalese	0	0	0	10,175	5,500	4,670
Sierra Leonean	10	10	10	2,620	1,330	1,295
Togolese	0	0	0	5,300	2,870	2,430
Wolof	0	0	0	840	495	345
Yoruba	35	20	15	9,585	5,075	4,515
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	40	25	15	15,380	7,940	7,445
North African origins	485	240	250	355,045	185,775	169,270
Algerian	95	50	45	67,335	34,755	32,580
Berber	20	10	10	37,060	19,685	17,375
Coptic	0	0	0	3,535	1,860	1,680
Dinka	0	0	0	900	500	400
Egyptian	145	80	65	99,140	51,730	47,410
Libyan	0	10	10	7,740	4,135	3,605
Maure	0	0	0	1,190	655	535
Moroccan	45	25	20	103,940	54,005	49,945
Sudanese	40	20	20	19,960	10,315	9,645
Tunisian	75	25	50	25,645	13,985	11,665
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	55	25	30	6,115	3,320	2,795
Southern and East African origins	550	285	265	260,145	128,325	131,815
Afrikaner	0	0	0	1,870	955	915
Amhara	0	0	0	1,530	815	715
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	0	0	0	3,965	2,175	1,785
Burundian	30	15	20	10,990	5,405	5,580
Djiboutian	10	10	0	1,710	790	920
Eritrean	15	0	10	25,255	12,830	12,430
Ethiopian	15	10	10	44,065	21,680	22,385
Harari	0	0	0	665	355	305
Kenyan	55	25	30	10,915	5,230	5,685
Malagasy	10	0	0	4,500	2,175	2,325
Mauritian	10	0	0	9,325	4,655	4,665
Oromo	0	0	0	3,350	1,745	1,605
Rwandan	15	10	0	10,775	5,065	5,705
Seychellois	15	10	0	1,285	575	710
Somali	50	35	15	62,550	30,215	32,330
South African	225	105	120	41,375	20,575	20,800
Tanzanian	10	0	10	4,710	2,400	2,310
Tigrian	0	0	0	2,155	1,160	995
Ugandan	10	10	0	5,705	2,875	2,830
Zambian	10	0	0	1,860	935	920
Zimbabwean	50	30	25	8,090	3,975	4,110
Zulu	0	0	0	945	475	475
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	110	70	40	17,305	8,445	8,860
Other African origins	1,330	620	710	239,560	116,400	123,165
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	230	85	140	30,385	14,015	16,370
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	1,120	540	580	212,005	103,790	108,215
Asian origins	10,970	5,410	5,560	6,095,235	2,958,120	3,137,115
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	2,455	1,320	1,140	1,011,145	518,170	492,980
Afghan	65	25	35	83,995	42,320	41,675
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	390	255	140	111,400	58,930	52,475
Armenian	80	45	40	63,810	31,505	32,305
Assyrian	10	0	10	13,835	7,115	6,720
Azerbaijani	15	10	0	6,425	3,230	3,200
Georgian	10	10	0	4,775	2,430	2,345
Hazara	0	0	0	1,515	810	705
Iranian	245	135	115	210,405	106,565	103,840
Iraqi	30	20	10	70,925	35,965	34,955
Israeli	40	30	10	28,735	15,065	13,675
Jordanian	25	10	25	14,250	7,520	6,735
Kazakh	10	10	0	3,330	1,615	1,710
Kurd	40	30	15	16,315	8,810	7,515
Kuwaiti	0	0	0	2,235	1,185	1,055
Kyrgyz	0	0	0	1,060	510	550
Lebanese	885	410	470	219,555	112,970	106,590
Palestinian	80	30	50	44,820	23,900	20,920
Pashtun	30	20	10	4,810	2,565	2,245
Saudi Arabian	115	85	35	6,810	3,935	2,880
Syrian	240	140	95	77,045	38,445	38,600
Tajik	20	0	15	2,905	1,410	1,495
Tatar	0	0	0	4,825	2,155	2,670
Turk	170	90	75	63,955	32,855	31,100
Turkmen	0	0	0	1,040	540	500
Uighur	0	0	0	1,555	775	785
Uzbek	0	0	0	3,920	1,920	2,000
Yemeni	0	0	10	6,645	3,335	3,305
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	90	50	35	25,280	13,180	12,100
South Asian origins	3,320	1,690	1,625	1,963,330	993,595	969,735
Bangladeshi	85	50	35	45,940	23,645	22,300
Bengali	45	25	20	22,900	11,730	11,180
Bhutanese	0	0	0	3,600	1,765	1,835
East Indian	2,470	1,275	1,195	1,374,710	694,990	679,720
Goan	15	10	10	6,070	2,915	3,155
Gujarati	25	15	10	8,350	4,305	4,050
Kashmiri	0	0	0	3,115	1,605	1,510
Nepali	60	15	40	17,140	8,715	8,420
Pakistani	375	185	190	215,555	110,420	105,140
Punjabi	50	15	30	118,400	61,155	57,240
Sinhalese	10	10	0	7,285	3,605	3,685
Sri Lankan	190	115	75	152,595	75,010	77,585
Tamil	15	0	10	48,670	24,845	23,825
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	155	65	90	76,400	38,815	37,585
East and Southeast Asian origins	5,290	2,450	2,845	3,163,360	1,467,205	1,696,155
Burmese	10	0	0	9,335	4,535	4,795
Cambodian (Khmer)	65	30	30	38,490	18,515	19,980
Chinese	3,055	1,485	1,570	1,769,195	836,150	933,045
Filipino	1,055	350	705	837,130	369,105	468,025
Hmong	0	0	0	805	420	390
Indonesian	85	40	40	21,390	9,950	11,440
Japanese	330	155	175	121,485	53,415	68,070
Karen	0	0	0	4,510	2,275	2,240
Korean	315	170	145	198,210	93,680	104,525
Laotian	20	10	0	24,580	12,190	12,390
Malaysian	35	10	25	16,920	7,735	9,185
Mongolian	20	10	15	7,480	3,560	3,915
Singaporean	0	0	0	2,850	1,325	1,520
Taiwanese	20	10	15	36,510	16,570	19,945
Thai	35	20	20	19,010	7,330	11,680
Tibetan	0	0	0	8,040	4,055	3,985
Vietnamese	495	260	240	240,615	115,935	124,680
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	0	0	0	6,500	3,150	3,355
Other Asian origins	40	20	15	22,745	11,280	11,460
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	40	25	15	22,740	11,280	11,460
Oceania origins	520	265	260	85,470	43,030	42,440
Australian	425	210	210	42,315	21,710	20,605
New Zealander	50	30	25	15,395	8,065	7,330
Pacific Islands origins	55	30	30	29,485	14,240	15,250
Fijian	15	10	10	19,375	9,280	10,090
Hawaiian	15	10	10	3,295	1,500	1,795
Maori	0	10	0	2,500	1,310	1,195
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	10	10	0	1,530	725	805
Samoan	0	0	0	1,100	625	475
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	10	10	10	2,335	1,145	1,185
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	238,530	...	...	14,072,075	...	...
Owner	167,185	...	...	9,541,320	...	...
Renter	70,005	...	...	4,474,530	...	...
Band housing	1,335	...	...	56,230	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	238,530	...	...	14,072,075	...	...
Condominium	5,195	...	...	1,874,840	...	...
Not condominium	233,335	...	...	12,197,240	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	238,530	...	...	14,072,080	...	...
No bedrooms	650	...	...	93,345	...	...
1 bedroom	26,645	...	...	1,925,015	...	...
2 bedrooms	58,805	...	...	3,547,090	...	...
3 bedrooms	96,595	...	...	4,836,485	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	55,835	...	...	3,670,145	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	238,530	...	...	14,072,075	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	54,565	...	...	4,068,915	...	...
5 rooms	39,065	...	...	2,177,045	...	...
6 rooms	40,765	...	...	1,981,585	...	...
7 rooms	34,855	...	...	1,790,180	...	...
8 or more rooms	69,280	...	...	4,054,355	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.3	...	...	6.2	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	238,530	...	...	14,072,080	...	...
One person or fewer per room	237,385	...	...	13,802,060	...	...
More than 1 person per room	1,140	...	...	270,020	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	238,530	...	...	14,072,075	...	...
Suitable	232,905	...	...	13,376,345	...	...
Not suitable	5,620	...	...	695,730	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	238,530	...	...	14,072,080	...	...
1960 or before	78,100	...	...	3,126,380	...	...
1961 to 1980	86,025	...	...	4,185,510	...	...
1981 to 1990	30,760	...	...	1,977,640	...	...
1991 to 2000	21,530	...	...	1,746,390	...	...
2001 to 2005	6,685	...	...	976,390	...	...
2006 to 2010	8,305	...	...	1,089,750	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	7,125	...	...	970,015	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	238,530	...	...	14,072,080	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	216,690	...	...	13,151,600	...	...
Major repairs needed	21,840	...	...	920,480	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	238,530	...	...	14,072,080	...	...
1 household maintainer	148,430	...	...	8,324,865	...	...
2 household maintainers	87,160	...	...	5,404,800	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	2,935	...	...	342,415	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	238,530	...	...	14,072,080	...	...
15 to 24 years	7,580	...	...	437,230	...	...
25 to 34 years	28,840	...	...	1,991,685	...	...
35 to 44 years	33,160	...	...	2,414,920	...	...
45 to 54 years	45,650	...	...	2,862,870	...	...
55 to 64 years	51,560	...	...	2,859,315	...	...
65 to 74 years	40,260	...	...	2,034,220	...	...
75 to 84 years	23,425	...	...	1,084,700	...	...
85 years and over	8,050	...	...	387,135	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	231,595	...	...	13,798,305	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	181,020	...	...	10,472,355	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	50,575	...	...	3,325,950	...	...
30% to less than 100%	45,695	...	...	2,861,615	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	162,995	...	...	9,368,330	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	55.4	...	...	60.7	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	13.0	...	...	16.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	942	...	...	1,130	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,099	...	...	1,313	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	219,732	...	...	341,556	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	252,568	...	...	443,058	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	68,835	...	...	4,452,850	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	20.1	...	...	13.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	42.7	...	...	40.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	806	...	...	910	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	840	...	...	1,002	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	456,170	223,750	232,420	28,643,015	13,990,435	14,652,580
No certificate, diploma or degree	101,945	52,135	49,810	5,239,575	2,667,995	2,571,585
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	122,390	58,050	64,345	7,576,400	3,686,630	3,889,770
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	231,830	113,570	118,260	15,827,040	7,635,805	8,191,230
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	42,155	32,475	9,685	2,800,260	1,906,610	893,650
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	20,785	14,500	6,290	1,549,880	880,365	669,515
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	21,370	17,980	3,395	1,250,385	1,026,250	224,140
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	118,675	51,245	67,430	5,553,825	2,326,940	3,226,890
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	6,625	2,735	3,890	813,335	331,940	481,395
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	64,370	27,110	37,265	6,659,615	3,070,315	3,589,300
Bachelor's degree	46,905	18,525	28,380	4,443,835	1,967,905	2,475,935
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	4,915	2,105	2,815	462,295	203,725	258,570
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	1,920	1,270	650	190,925	102,530	88,395
Master's degree	9,090	4,195	4,895	1,331,045	651,510	679,535
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	1,535	1,010	525	231,510	144,640	86,870
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	288,370	141,660	146,705	18,931,380	9,268,555	9,662,830
No certificate, diploma or degree	38,435	21,330	17,105	2,169,790	1,200,110	969,685
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	75,730	37,220	38,510	4,494,585	2,247,020	2,247,565
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	174,205	83,115	91,095	12,267,005	5,821,425	6,445,580
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	27,575	21,320	6,250	2,042,430	1,377,775	664,650
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	13,630	9,615	4,020	1,145,035	639,785	505,250
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	13,945	11,710	2,230	897,390	737,990	159,405
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	93,355	40,340	53,015	4,241,985	1,786,065	2,455,920
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	4,410	1,905	2,505	580,885	240,040	340,850
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	48,870	19,545	29,325	5,401,705	2,417,555	2,984,155
Bachelor's degree	35,770	13,720	22,050	3,590,080	1,562,160	2,027,925
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	3,610	1,425	2,185	362,455	151,205	211,250
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	1,475	890	590	153,290	74,440	78,855
Master's degree	6,880	2,830	4,050	1,120,190	527,335	592,850
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	1,130	685	450	175,685	102,415	73,275
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	456,165	223,750	232,420	28,643,015	13,990,430	14,652,585
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	224,335	110,180	114,160	12,815,980	6,354,625	6,461,350
Education	15,805	3,840	11,970	1,060,095	251,290	808,800
13. Education	15,805	3,845	11,965	1,060,095	251,290	808,805
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	4,625	2,230	2,395	596,230	268,050	328,180
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	1,045	780	260	99,020	72,865	26,150
50. Visual and performing arts	3,580	1,445	2,135	497,210	195,185	302,025
Humanities	8,100	3,165	4,930	850,840	330,490	520,345
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	635	130	505	98,000	22,100	75,900
23. English language and literature/letters	1,890	500	1,385	178,590	52,785	125,810
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,975	715	1,260	275,525	104,135	171,390
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	50	10	40	4,160	1,640	2,520
38. Philosophy and religious studies	695	340	350	51,930	30,185	21,750
39. Theology and religious vocations	835	495	340	77,490	46,285	31,200
54. History	1,490	850	640	111,465	59,965	51,500
55. French language and literature/letters	535	125	405	53,680	13,400	40,290
Social and behavioural sciences and law	23,195	6,755	16,435	1,761,900	586,455	1,175,445
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	415	105	310	24,685	5,660	19,025
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	1,780	615	1,165	182,275	68,030	114,245
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	6,075	470	5,600	324,660	26,065	298,595
22. Legal professions and studies	3,725	1,275	2,450	289,600	102,660	186,945
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	480	95	385	35,445	8,150	27,295
42. Psychology	4,285	965	3,320	281,470	71,230	210,230
45. Social sciences	6,430	3,230	3,205	623,775	304,660	319,110
Business, management and public administration	39,415	11,705	27,705	3,360,045	1,272,475	2,087,565
30.16 Accounting and computer science	80	15	60	6,190	1,850	4,340
44. Public administration and social service professions	6,925	1,210	5,710	237,835	48,815	189,015
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	32,410	10,480	21,935	3,116,025	1,221,805	1,894,215
Physical and life sciences and technologies	6,360	3,440	2,925	614,280	315,665	298,615
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	2,810	1,200	1,605	249,955	105,560	144,400
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	795	410	390	125,600	61,685	63,915
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	80	15	60	28,155	12,625	15,530
40. Physical sciences	2,140	1,535	600	179,305	122,815	56,485
41. Science technologies/technicians	540	270	270	31,270	12,980	18,290
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	5,245	3,160	2,085	651,480	420,370	231,110
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	4,070	2,685	1,385	514,685	356,435	158,250
25. Library science	410	35	380	40,820	6,495	34,320
27. Mathematics and statistics	695	390	300	86,655	50,930	35,725
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	75	55	20	9,325	6,510	2,815
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	59,955	56,905	3,050	3,327,405	3,022,700	304,700
04. Architecture and related services	790	610	185	114,315	72,880	41,435
14. Engineering	4,570	4,050	520	752,465	615,880	136,585
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	15,325	13,980	1,345	620,065	551,855	68,205
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	410	85	325
46. Construction trades	11,980	11,660	320	702,155	682,710	19,445
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	18,680	18,285	395	731,135	709,430	21,705
48. Precision production	8,605	8,330	275	406,855	389,850	17,005
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	6,000	4,300	1,700	339,050	219,040	120,010
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	1,740	1,030	710	205,930	127,925	78,005
03. Natural resources and conservation	4,255	3,265	990	133,120	91,115	42,005
Health and related fields	43,220	7,100	36,120	2,266,720	441,180	1,825,545
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	2,915	1,510	1,405	164,295	81,260	83,040
51. Health professions and related programs	39,710	5,170	34,540	2,047,680	329,010	1,718,670
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	595	415	175	54,740	30,910	23,830
Personal, protective and transportation services	19,875	10,955	8,920	995,825	507,200	488,630
12. Personal and culinary services	8,675	1,960	6,715	565,555	151,530	414,025
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	40	35	0	3,505	3,080	420
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	145	140	10	7,900	7,230	670
43. Security and protective services	5,785	3,965	1,820	206,745	150,540	56,205
49. Transportation and materials moving	5,225	4,855	370	212,125	194,810	17,315
Other	40	10	35	3,170	885	2,280
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	40	10	35	3,170	890	2,280
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	288,370	141,660	146,705	18,931,385	9,268,555	9,662,825
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	114,165	58,545	55,615	6,664,380	3,447,130	3,217,250
Education	10,415	2,310	8,105	727,515	160,315	567,205
13. Education	10,415	2,310	8,110	727,515	160,315	567,200
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	3,495	1,655	1,840	467,905	208,365	259,545
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	750	545	205	74,530	53,995	20,535
50. Visual and performing arts	2,745	1,110	1,635	393,375	154,370	239,005
Humanities	5,390	2,040	3,345	614,815	232,425	382,390
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	480	95	385	76,540	16,200	60,340
23. English language and literature/letters	1,230	300	930	133,800	38,310	95,485
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,430	525	905	191,005	71,770	119,235
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	45	15	35	3,140	1,250	1,895
38. Philosophy and religious studies	360	165	195	37,870	21,930	15,940
39. Theology and religious vocations	520	320	200	52,295	31,200	21,090
54. History	1,020	575	445	82,565	43,475	39,085
55. French language and literature/letters	310	50	250	37,600	8,285	29,315
Social and behavioural sciences and law	18,545	5,010	13,535	1,417,625	453,100	964,525
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	275	75	210	20,300	4,595	15,705
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	1,515	545	970	152,080	56,125	95,955
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	5,040	355	4,685	259,845	19,160	240,685
22. Legal professions and studies	3,145	960	2,190	241,170	76,720	164,445
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	415	80	330	27,310	6,390	20,920
42. Psychology	3,285	640	2,645	218,470	51,570	166,900
45. Social sciences	4,865	2,365	2,500	498,450	238,540	259,915
Business, management and public administration	31,060	8,780	22,285	2,696,770	1,000,895	1,695,875
30.16 Accounting and computer science	50	15	40	4,955	1,480	3,475
44. Public administration and social service professions	5,760	970	4,790	192,190	36,890	155,305
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	25,250	7,795	17,455	2,499,625	962,530	1,537,095
Physical and life sciences and technologies	4,715	2,440	2,275	449,870	222,120	227,755
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	2,110	895	1,215	195,830	79,945	115,880
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	565	270	290	89,205	42,265	46,945
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	55	15	45	9,280	3,850	5,430
40. Physical sciences	1,590	1,080	515	132,935	87,025	45,905
41. Science technologies/technicians	390	180	210	22,625	9,035	13,590
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	4,345	2,610	1,735	567,415	368,840	198,575
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	3,500	2,295	1,205	464,000	321,805	142,190
25. Library science	290	20	270	29,955	4,870	25,080
27. Mathematics and statistics	495	250	240	65,620	36,895	28,725
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	60	40	20	7,840	5,270	2,575
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	43,545	41,105	2,445	2,532,555	2,271,735	260,820
04. Architecture and related services	590	440	150	93,135	57,280	35,850
14. Engineering	3,385	2,960	430	612,265	490,980	121,285
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	11,675	10,575	1,095	475,045	418,595	56,450
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	10	0	0	350	70	275
46. Construction trades	8,260	8,000	260	515,630	499,670	15,960
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	13,615	13,320	295	540,800	523,425	17,375
48. Precision production	6,020	5,810	210	295,335	281,715	13,620
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	4,635	3,185	1,450	269,445	167,680	101,770
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	1,325	715	610	159,975	94,680	65,295
03. Natural resources and conservation	3,310	2,470	840	109,470	73,000	36,470
Health and related fields	32,510	5,445	27,070	1,749,545	342,395	1,407,145
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	2,285	1,175	1,115	129,560	63,315	66,245
51. Health professions and related programs	29,755	3,965	25,790	1,576,945	256,895	1,320,050
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	470	305	165	43,040	22,185	20,860
Personal, protective and transportation services	15,505	8,525	6,980	770,950	392,820	378,135
12. Personal and culinary services	6,520	1,430	5,090	431,415	114,395	317,025
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	40	35	0	2,725	2,355	375
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	70	65	0	4,425	3,975	445
43. Security and protective services	4,725	3,175	1,550	162,995	116,750	46,240
49. Transportation and materials moving	4,150	3,820	335	169,400	155,340	14,050
Other	35	10	35	2,590	745	1,845
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	35	0	30	2,585	740	1,845
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	456,170	223,745	232,420	28,643,015	13,990,435	14,652,585
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	224,340	110,180	114,160	12,815,975	6,354,625	6,461,350
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	231,830	113,570	118,260	15,827,040	7,635,805	8,191,235
Location of study inside Canada	220,440	107,490	112,945	13,117,190	6,299,305	6,817,890
Same as province or territory of residence	210,895	102,655	108,245	11,519,215	5,503,640	6,015,575
Different than province or territory of residence	9,540	4,835	4,705	1,597,975	795,655	802,315
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	11,390	6,080	5,315	2,709,850	1,336,505	1,373,345
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	4,640	2,525	2,120	349,540	189,995	159,545
Philippines	345	90	255	298,830	109,820	189,020
India	685	330	355	281,415	142,410	138,995
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	1,520	845	675	232,035	131,050	100,980
China^{Census data footnote 162}	175	50	125	205,375	94,690	110,685
France	100	50	45	88,860	50,400	38,455
Other	3,930	2,190	1,745	1,253,790	618,135	635,655
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	288,365	141,660	146,705	18,931,380	9,268,555	9,662,830
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	114,160	58,550	55,615	6,664,380	3,447,125	3,217,250
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	174,200	83,110	91,090	12,267,005	5,821,430	6,445,575
Location of study inside Canada	166,915	79,510	87,405	10,134,590	4,807,045	5,327,545
Same as province or territory of residence	160,270	76,135	84,135	8,918,160	4,207,495	4,710,665
Different than province or territory of residence	6,640	3,380	3,265	1,216,425	599,545	616,875
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	7,290	3,600	3,690	2,132,415	1,014,385	1,118,030
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	3,210	1,630	1,585	254,245	131,955	122,290
Philippines	270	65	205	263,095	96,025	167,065
India	595	295	300	239,535	117,445	122,090
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	610	335	275	133,655	73,575	60,085
China^{Census data footnote 162}	165	50	115	175,825	79,635	96,190
France	65	30	30	72,920	40,610	32,310
Other	2,375	1,195	1,180	993,135	475,145	517,990
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	456,165	223,750	232,420	28,643,020	13,990,430	14,652,585
In the labour force	267,400	138,310	129,085	18,672,475	9,731,830	8,940,645
Employed	242,415	123,010	119,400	17,230,040	8,923,540	8,306,490
Unemployed	24,985	15,295	9,685	1,442,435	808,285	634,150
Not in the labour force	188,770	85,440	103,335	9,970,545	4,258,605	5,711,945
Participation rate	58.6	61.8	55.5	65.2	69.6	61.0
Employment rate	53.1	55.0	51.4	60.2	63.8	56.7
Unemployment rate	9.3	11.1	7.5	7.7	8.3	7.1
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	456,165	223,750	232,420	28,643,020	13,990,430	14,652,580
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	174,030	77,435	96,595	9,282,005	3,930,570	5,351,440
Worked	282,135	146,315	135,820	19,361,010	10,059,865	9,301,150
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	140,180	77,795	62,385	9,626,010	5,402,110	4,223,895
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	141,960	68,525	73,435	9,735,005	4,657,755	5,077,245
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.1	42.1	42.1	42.4	42.9	42.0
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	267,395	138,310	129,085	18,672,470	9,731,825	8,940,640
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	5,440	2,755	2,690	404,350	197,705	206,640
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	261,955	135,555	126,395	18,268,125	9,534,120	8,734,000
Employee	237,945	120,695	117,250	16,073,685	8,158,745	7,914,940
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	24,005	14,860	9,145	2,194,440	1,375,380	819,060
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	267,400	138,315	129,090	18,672,470	9,731,830	8,940,645
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	5,445	2,755	2,690	404,350	197,710	206,640
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	261,955	135,555	126,395	18,268,120	9,534,120	8,734,005
0 Management occupations	24,115	14,630	9,490	2,013,370	1,251,165	762,205
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	36,185	8,505	27,680	2,874,305	862,870	2,011,440
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	13,425	10,700	2,725	1,273,660	990,560	283,105
3 Health occupations	21,965	3,755	18,210	1,245,885	244,730	1,001,155
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	32,050	9,455	22,595	2,138,445	672,945	1,465,495
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	4,560	1,835	2,725	557,275	255,705	301,570
6 Sales and service occupations	62,525	24,520	38,005	4,265,895	1,843,510	2,422,390
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	47,380	44,575	2,805	2,668,875	2,504,290	164,585
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	11,445	10,500	945	416,135	331,920	84,215
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	8,300	7,080	1,220	814,285	576,435	237,845
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	267,400	138,310	129,085	18,672,475	9,731,830	8,940,640
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	5,445	2,750	2,690	404,350	197,710	206,640
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	261,955	135,555	126,395	18,268,125	9,534,120	8,734,000
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	4,870	3,635	1,240	444,680	310,000	134,675
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	15,525	14,050	1,475	271,300	219,880	51,420
22 Utilities	2,535	1,980	555	136,350	100,135	36,210
23 Construction	21,080	18,825	2,255	1,365,010	1,196,550	168,455
31-33 Manufacturing	16,625	13,995	2,635	1,596,570	1,149,745	446,820
41 Wholesale trade	6,170	4,830	1,340	665,685	451,230	214,455
44-45 Retail trade	33,295	15,225	18,070	2,110,200	984,090	1,126,115
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	12,270	9,020	3,255	876,050	656,375	219,670
51 Information and cultural industries	3,285	1,650	1,635	420,350	243,650	176,705
52 Finance and insurance	6,055	1,965	4,090	790,580	327,865	462,715
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	3,605	2,130	1,475	333,305	184,350	148,955
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	10,365	5,245	5,120	1,335,125	740,520	594,605
55 Management of companies and enterprises	135	95	45	28,795	12,795	16,000
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	10,950	6,075	4,870	802,420	462,825	339,590
61 Educational services	20,805	5,930	14,870	1,346,585	420,845	925,735
62 Health care and social assistance	39,260	6,125	33,135	2,138,025	383,755	1,754,270
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	4,895	2,490	2,410	379,740	192,875	186,865
72 Accommodation and food services	19,470	7,015	12,460	1,283,725	535,210	748,515
81 Other services (except public administration)	11,140	5,510	5,630	814,695	371,880	442,815
91 Public administration	19,620	9,770	9,850	1,128,945	589,530	539,405
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	242,415	123,015	119,400	17,230,035	8,923,540	8,306,495
Worked at home	12,440	6,115	6,330	1,272,285	639,500	632,785
Worked outside Canada	525	335	190	78,815	54,235	24,580
No fixed workplace address	26,830	20,240	6,590	1,987,260	1,487,445	499,820
Worked at usual place	202,625	96,330	106,290	13,891,675	6,742,360	7,149,315
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	202,620	96,325	106,295	13,891,680	6,742,365	7,149,315
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	159,205	73,520	85,685	8,102,115	3,723,115	4,379,005
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	27,160	13,275	13,890	2,906,390	1,435,640	1,470,750
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	14,970	8,480	6,485	2,725,205	1,492,170	1,233,030
Commute to a different province or territory	1,280	1,045	230	157,970	91,445	66,525
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	229,450	116,565	112,885	15,878,940	8,229,810	7,649,135
Car, truck, van - as a driver	186,505	96,830	89,670	11,748,095	6,380,120	5,367,975
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	15,750	6,875	8,875	868,920	349,855	519,065
Public transit	7,730	3,320	4,415	1,968,215	846,735	1,121,485
Walked	14,590	6,205	8,385	877,985	392,950	485,030
Bicycle	1,485	1,125	365	222,130	146,615	75,515
Other method	3,395	2,215	1,175	193,595	113,525	80,060
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	229,450	116,570	112,885	15,878,945	8,229,810	7,649,130
Less than 15 minutes	104,230	48,095	56,135	4,449,920	2,071,365	2,378,555
15 to 29 minutes	75,550	38,150	37,400	5,314,295	2,725,165	2,589,130
30 to 44 minutes	28,105	15,775	12,330	3,228,845	1,782,680	1,446,165
45 to 59 minutes	10,380	6,265	4,115	1,391,060	768,115	622,940
60 minutes and over	11,190	8,285	2,905	1,494,830	882,485	612,345
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	229,450	116,570	112,885	15,878,940	8,229,810	7,649,135
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	17,435	13,655	3,780	1,073,680	781,230	292,455
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	41,330	26,230	15,100	2,814,750	1,754,045	1,060,710
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	63,290	32,240	31,045	4,458,835	2,217,210	2,241,620
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	52,295	18,230	34,065	3,349,975	1,408,710	1,941,265
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	19,475	7,100	12,370	1,756,265	752,940	1,003,325
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	35,635	19,115	16,525	2,425,435	1,315,670	1,109,765
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	290,610	150,225	140,390	19,956,255	10,342,970	9,613,285
Single responses	281,950	146,505	135,450	19,365,980	10,042,855	9,323,130
Official languages	281,175	146,105	135,070	19,090,545	9,897,470	9,193,075
English	263,705	139,300	124,410	15,265,335	7,952,010	7,313,320
French	17,465	6,805	10,660	3,825,215	1,945,465	1,879,750
Non-official languages	775	395	375	275,430	145,380	130,055
Aboriginal languages	240	110	125	24,950	12,385	12,565
Algonquian languages	230	110	125	14,440	7,370	7,070
Blackfoot	0	0	0	80	45	35
Cree-Montagnais languages	90	45	45	11,540	5,820	5,720
Atikamekw	0	0	0	1,095	580	515
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	2,055	970	1,085
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	370	180	190
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	40	25	10
Plains Cree	0	0	0	95	60	35
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	15	10	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	75	35	40
Cree, n.o.s.	95	45	45	7,795	3,965	3,835
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	925	510	420
Malecite	0	0	0	10	0	10
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	915	505	410
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	135	60	75	1,895	995	900
Algonquin	0	0	0	45	20	25
Ojibway	135	50	75	765	380	385
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	1,080	595	485
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	10	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	1,140	530	610
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	1,135	525	610
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	20	0	15
Chilcotin	0	0	0	20	0	10
Dene	0	0	0	770	360	405
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	165	80	80
Gwich'in	0	0	0	10	10	10
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	10	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	135	65	70
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	95	45	45
South Slavey	0	0	0	35	20	20
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	10	10	10
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	10	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	10
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	10
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	10	0	10
Inuit languages	0	0	0	8,845	4,255	4,595
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	35	10	25
Inuktitut	0	0	0	8,800	4,240	4,555
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	10
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	35	10	30
Cayuga	0	0	0	10	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	35	10	25
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	10	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	110	25	85
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	15	10	10
Lillooet	0	0	0	15	10	10
Okanagan	0	0	0	20	10	20
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	35	0	30
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	15	0	15
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	10
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	260	155	105
Dakota	0	0	0	20	10	10
Stoney	0	0	0	240	145	95
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	10	10	10
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	25	0	20
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	10	10	10
Nisga'a	0	0	0	10	10	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	10
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	35	15	20
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	15	10	10
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	10	10	10
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	10	0	0	30	15	15
Non-Aboriginal languages	535	285	250	250,485	132,990	117,490
Afro-Asiatic languages	10	10	0	7,380	4,530	2,850
Berber languages	0	0	0	35	10	30
Kabyle	0	0	0	20	0	20
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	15
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	275	105	170
Bilen	0	0	0	10	10	10
Oromo	0	0	0	45	25	20
Somali	0	0	0	220	80	145
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	10	10	0	7,065	4,420	2,650
Amharic	0	0	0	200	95	100
Arabic	0	10	0	5,585	3,695	1,890
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	205	155	55
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	30	20	15
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	825	335	490
Maltese	0	0	0	25	15	10
Tigrigna	0	0	0	135	70	60
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	65	35	30
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Austro-Asiatic languages	10	10	0	8,550	3,790	4,760
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	475	230	245
Vietnamese	10	10	0	8,070	3,560	4,510
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	3,850	1,750	2,095
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	75	20	55
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	25	0	15
Ilocano	0	0	0	110	50	60
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	140	75	65
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	10	0	10
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	3,450	1,580	1,875
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	25	15
Creole languages	0	0	0	350	125	225
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	25	10	15
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	315	110	200
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	0	10
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	2,225	1,060	1,165
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	90	50	45
Tamil	0	0	0	2,090	1,005	1,080
Telugu	0	0	0	45	10	35
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	10	10	0
Indo-European languages	340	160	175	85,550	47,305	38,245
Albanian	0	0	0	350	220	125
Armenian	0	0	0	450	220	230
Balto-Slavic languages	10	0	10	10,075	4,745	5,330
Baltic languages	0	0	0	95	35	60
Latvian	0	0	0	40	10	25
Lithuanian	0	0	0	60	25	30
Slavic languages	0	0	10	9,980	4,710	5,270
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	155	90	65
Bulgarian	0	0	0	205	110	90
Croatian	0	0	0	220	130	95
Czech	0	0	0	70	40	30
Macedonian	0	0	0	95	45	55
Polish	0	0	0	2,500	1,265	1,235
Russian	0	0	10	4,850	2,135	2,720
Serbian	0	0	0	530	320	210
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	30	25	0
Slovak	0	0	0	100	60	40
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	15	0	10
Ukrainian	0	0	0	1,210	485	725
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	25	20	10
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	15	15	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	10
Germanic languages	265	130	135	13,285	7,455	5,835
Afrikaans	0	0	0	85	40	40
Danish	0	0	0	90	50	35
Dutch	15	10	10	1,165	630	540
Frisian	0	0	0	40	25	15
German	250	125	130	10,065	5,715	4,345
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	10	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	65	30	40
Swedish	0	0	10	125	55	70
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	35	20	15
Yiddish	0	0	0	895	390	505
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	720	495	225
Greek	0	0	0	1,020	545	475
Indo-Iranian languages	10	0	10	37,330	21,140	16,190
Indo-Aryan languages	10	0	10	32,485	18,125	14,360
Bengali	0	0	0	530	275	245
Gujarati	10	0	0	880	300	585
Hindi	0	0	0	1,405	755	650
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	10	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	30	15	15
Nepali	0	0	0	195	95	100
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	27,870	15,945	11,920
Sindhi	0	0	0	35	10	30
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	40	25	20
Urdu	0	0	0	1,495	705	790
Iranian languages	0	0	0	4,820	3,000	1,815
Kurdish	0	0	0	185	150	40
Pashto	0	0	0	50	20	25
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	4,580	2,830	1,750
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	10	15
Italic (Romance) languages	55	35	25	23,025	12,965	10,060
Catalan	0	0	0	30	10	20
Italian	10	0	0	1,705	895	805
Portuguese	20	20	0	7,490	4,795	2,695
Romanian	0	0	0	745	365	380
Spanish	25	10	15	13,030	6,885	6,145
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	10	10
Japanese	10	0	10	3,255	1,195	2,065
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	30	10	20
Georgian	0	0	0	30	10	20
Korean	0	0	0	12,150	6,260	5,885
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	10	10	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	235	120	115
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	25	10	20
Bamanankan	0	0	0	10	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	10	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	20	10	10
Igbo	0	0	0	10	10	0
Lingala	0	0	0	10	0	10
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	25	0	15
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	80	50	30
Wolof	0	0	0	10	0	10
Yoruba	0	0	0	15	0	15
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	20	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	35	25	0	1,920	740	1,180
American Sign Language	20	15	10	1,145	340	810
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	135	15	115
Sign languages, n.i.e	15	10	0	640	390	255
Sino-Tibetan languages	125	80	45	122,880	65,030	57,850
Chinese languages	125	80	45	122,610	64,880	57,730
Cantonese	70	50	30	58,815	30,485	28,340
Hakka	0	0	0	70	25	45
Mandarin	40	15	20	60,090	32,430	27,665
Min Dong	0	0	0	25	15	10
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	565	335	225
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	105	65	45
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	10	0	2,930	1,530	1,405
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	270	155	115
Burmese	0	0	0	75	35	35
Karenic languages	0	0	0	135	75	55
Tibetan	0	0	0	50	30	20
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	10
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	675	270	405
Lao	0	0	0	150	70	80
Thai	0	0	0	525	205	325
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	750	475	275
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	30	20	0
Turkish	0	0	0	685	435	255
Uyghur	0	0	0	15	15	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	15	10	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	20	0	10	595	270	325
Estonian	0	0	0	50	15	40
Finnish	10	0	10	105	40	65
Hungarian	0	0	10	435	225	215
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	80	45	35
Multiple responses	8,665	3,720	4,945	590,270	300,115	290,155
English and French	8,270	3,545	4,725	412,680	211,095	201,585
English and non-official language	330	135	195	154,285	77,870	76,420
French and non-official language	10	0	10	7,830	3,595	4,235
English, French and non-official language	60	35	20	15,475	7,565	7,915
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	290,610	150,220	140,390	19,956,250	10,342,970	9,613,290
None	237,655	125,535	112,125	17,456,725	9,056,235	8,400,490
English	11,120	4,665	6,455	1,259,225	661,460	597,765
French	39,270	18,790	20,485	705,780	349,035	356,745
Non-official language	2,385	1,145	1,240	496,565	257,455	239,105
Aboriginal	1,245	520	730	37,615	17,215	20,400
Non-Aboriginal	1,140	630	510	458,945	240,245	218,710
English and French	0	0	0	2,535	1,200	1,335
English and non-official language	20	20	10	18,040	8,765	9,280
French and non-official language	150	70	80	17,265	8,730	8,540
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	115	90	30
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	533,415	263,145	270,265	34,091,785	16,783,745	17,308,035
Non-movers	471,690	233,505	238,185	29,644,795	14,593,190	15,051,605
Movers	61,725	29,645	32,080	4,446,990	2,190,555	2,256,435
Non-migrants	40,035	18,935	21,100	2,623,515	1,292,750	1,330,760
Migrants	21,690	10,710	10,980	1,823,475	897,805	925,670
Internal migrants	20,635	10,195	10,440	1,451,005	713,060	737,945
Intraprovincial migrants	18,695	9,160	9,530	1,189,525	580,895	608,630
Interprovincial migrants	1,940	1,035	905	261,475	132,160	129,315
External migrants	1,060	515	545	372,475	184,745	187,730
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	511,745	251,950	259,795	32,568,560	16,004,315	16,564,245
Non-movers	340,760	169,310	171,450	20,134,760	9,902,645	10,232,115
Movers	170,985	82,645	88,345	12,433,805	6,101,675	6,332,130
Non-migrants	106,080	51,155	54,925	6,755,630	3,314,730	3,440,905
Migrants	64,905	31,480	33,420	5,678,175	2,786,945	2,891,230
Internal migrants	61,360	29,725	31,630	4,296,720	2,104,325	2,192,395
Intraprovincial migrants	55,740	26,810	28,930	3,467,670	1,689,950	1,777,720
Interprovincial migrants	5,615	2,920	2,695	829,045	414,375	414,670
External migrants	3,550	1,760	1,790	1,381,460	682,625	698,835

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

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Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 35 referrer

Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 36 referrer

Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 37 referrer

Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 38 referrer

Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

Return to footnote 39 referrer

Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 42 referrer

Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Return to footnote 43 referrer

Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 44 referrer

Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 45 referrer

Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

Return to footnote 46 referrer

Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

Return to footnote 47 referrer

Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 48 referrer

Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Northeast [Economic region], Ontario and Canada [Country] (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 24, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Northeast [Economic region], Ontario and Canada [Country]

Census Profile, 2016 Census Northeast [Economic region], Ontario and Canada [Country]

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Northeast [Economic region], Ontario and Canada [Country]