Census Profile, 2016 Census
Northeast [Economic region], Ontario and Manitoba [Province]

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Northeast Ontario [Economic region]			Manitoba [Province]
	Data quality , Northeast [Economic region], Ontario Map : Northeast [Economic region], Ontario Change geography 1			Data quality : Manitoba [Province] Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	548,449	...	...	1,278,365	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	551,144	...	...	1,208,268	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	-0.5	...	...	5.8	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	288,783	...	...	539,748	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	238,530	...	...	489,050	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	2.0	...	...	2.3	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	276,367.96	...	...	552,370.99	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	548,450	269,940	278,510	1,278,365	631,400	646,970
0 to 14 years	82,355	42,100	40,250	243,820	125,110	118,710
0 to 4 years	26,705	13,720	12,985	81,065	41,710	39,355
5 to 9 years	28,145	14,375	13,765	83,375	42,565	40,805
10 to 14 years	27,505	14,010	13,495	79,380	40,835	38,545
15 to 64 years	352,495	175,035	177,460	835,580	417,260	418,320
15 to 19 years	30,070	15,560	14,510	82,440	42,555	39,890
20 to 24 years	31,410	16,125	15,285	86,760	44,465	42,295
25 to 29 years	30,510	15,400	15,115	86,695	43,570	43,125
30 to 34 years	30,095	14,805	15,290	85,185	42,210	42,975
35 to 39 years	29,835	14,555	15,280	81,105	39,885	41,215
40 to 44 years	31,230	15,445	15,785	79,325	39,530	39,795
45 to 49 years	34,635	17,085	17,550	79,350	39,220	40,130
50 to 54 years	45,190	22,085	23,105	89,840	44,485	45,355
55 to 59 years	47,290	23,240	24,050	87,765	43,555	44,210
60 to 64 years	42,230	20,735	21,490	77,110	37,780	39,325
65 years and over	113,600	52,795	60,805	198,965	89,025	109,945
65 to 69 years	37,455	18,670	18,785	64,905	31,280	33,625
70 to 74 years	27,340	13,305	14,035	45,980	21,940	24,040
75 to 79 years	20,485	9,545	10,935	33,555	15,250	18,305
80 to 84 years	14,815	6,505	8,315	25,315	10,740	14,575
85 years and over	13,500	4,770	8,730	29,210	9,810	19,395
85 to 89 years	8,845	3,465	5,385	17,335	6,460	10,875
90 to 94 years	3,690	1,105	2,590	8,945	2,710	6,230
95 to 99 years	865	185	680	2,520	580	1,940
100 years and over	100	20	85	415	60	350
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	15.0	15.6	14.5	19.1	19.8	18.3
15 to 64 years	64.3	64.8	63.7	65.4	66.1	64.7
65 years and over	20.7	19.6	21.8	15.6	14.1	17.0
85 years and over	2.5	1.8	3.1	2.3	1.6	3.0
Average age of the population	43.8	42.9	44.6	39.2	38.2	40.2
Median age of the population	46.3	45.3	47.2	38.3	37.2	39.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	238,530	...	...	489,050	...	...
Single-detached house	164,260	...	...	331,420	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	9,950	...	...	39,080	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	62,270	...	...	108,120	...	...
Semi-detached house	11,420	...	...	15,865	...	...
Row house	8,185	...	...	17,225	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	10,395	...	...	7,065	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	31,485	...	...	67,205	...	...
Other single-attached house	785	...	...	755	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	2,050	...	...	10,435	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	238,530	...	...	489,050	...	...
1 person	71,315	...	...	135,500	...	...
2 persons	93,175	...	...	164,880	...	...
3 persons	33,785	...	...	71,065	...	...
4 persons	27,445	...	...	66,675	...	...
5 or more persons	12,810	...	...	50,930	...	...
Number of persons in private households	538,350	...	...	1,240,700	...	...
Average household size	2.3	...	...	2.5	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	466,095	227,830	238,260	1,034,545	506,280	528,260
Married or living common law	275,265	137,635	137,625	593,615	297,280	296,335
Married	217,320	108,755	108,565	503,390	252,210	251,175
Living common law	57,940	28,880	29,065	90,230	45,075	45,155
Not married and not living common law	190,830	90,195	100,635	440,925	209,000	231,930
Never married	112,720	62,535	50,185	300,415	162,440	137,980
Separated	16,115	7,525	8,595	24,845	11,080	13,765
Divorced	27,575	12,600	14,975	54,860	22,780	32,080
Widowed	34,420	7,530	26,890	60,805	12,700	48,100
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	162,505	...	...	346,160	...	...
2 persons	95,055	...	...	171,435	...	...
3 persons	32,270	...	...	71,630	...	...
4 persons	25,555	...	...	65,500	...	...
5 or more persons	9,630	...	...	37,600	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	162,510	...	...	346,160	...	...
Total couple families	135,440	...	...	287,200	...	...
Married couples	106,475	...	...	242,100	...	...
Common-law couples	28,965	...	...	45,100	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	27,065	...	...	58,960	...	...
Female parent	20,695	...	...	45,930	...	...
Male parent	6,370	...	...	13,025	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	135,440	...	...	287,205	...	...
Couples without children	77,905	...	...	137,135	...	...
Couples with children	57,535	...	...	150,070	...	...
1 child	24,970	...	...	55,730	...	...
2 children	23,565	...	...	59,965	...	...
3 or more children	9,000	...	...	34,375	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	27,070	...	...	58,960	...	...
1 child	17,145	...	...	34,305	...	...
2 children	7,295	...	...	15,895	...	...
3 or more children	2,625	...	...	8,765	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	97,840	47,575	50,265	212,415	104,435	107,980
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	238,530	...	...	489,050	...	...
One-census-family households	156,560	...	...	323,125	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	75,520	...	...	130,475	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	81,045	...	...	192,650	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	2,940	...	...	11,110	...	...
Non-census-family households	79,030	...	...	154,815	...	...
One-person households	71,315	...	...	135,495	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	7,710	...	...	19,315	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	542,175	267,475	274,695	1,261,620	624,095	637,520
English only	367,730	185,835	181,900	1,135,395	566,980	568,410
French only	7,155	3,260	3,895	1,485	680	800
English and French	166,125	77,930	88,195	108,460	49,205	59,255
Neither English nor French	1,160	455	705	16,285	7,235	9,050
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	542,170	267,475	274,695	1,261,620	624,100	637,520
English	426,125	211,985	214,140	1,203,025	596,475	606,550
French	112,990	54,130	58,855	39,200	18,880	20,325
English and French	1,990	955	1,035	3,545	1,755	1,790
Neither English nor French	1,070	405	665	15,840	6,985	8,860
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	113,980	54,610	59,375	40,975	19,760	21,215
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	21.0	20.4	21.6	3.2	3.2	3.3
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	542,175	267,475	274,695	1,261,620	624,095	637,520
Single responses	532,295	262,805	269,485	1,230,115	608,820	621,300
Official languages	501,040	247,930	253,110	941,130	468,430	472,705
English	386,630	193,080	193,555	900,610	448,960	451,645
French	114,415	54,850	59,560	40,520	19,465	21,055
Non-official languages	31,255	14,875	16,375	288,985	140,395	148,590
Aboriginal languages	4,530	2,085	2,450	29,710	14,265	15,440
Algonquian languages	4,440	2,040	2,400	28,070	13,505	14,565
Blackfoot	0	0	0	5	0	5
Cree-Montagnais languages	1,795	800	995	14,820	7,085	7,740
Atikamekw	5	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	5	0	5	0	0
Moose Cree	55	30	25	0	0	5
Naskapi	0	0	5	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	20	5	10	30	5	20
Plains Cree	5	0	5	70	25	40
Southern East Cree	5	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	225	85	140	745	305	440
Woods Cree	0	5	5	65	20	40
Cree, n.o.s.	1,480	680	800	13,915	6,725	7,195
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	5	0	10	5	5
Malecite	5	0	0	0	5	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	10	5	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	2,635	1,225	1,405	13,235	6,410	6,825
Algonquin	20	15	10	0	0	0
Ojibway	2,465	1,155	1,310	6,730	3,180	3,550
Oji-Cree	30	5	20	6,505	3,235	3,265
Ottawa (Odawa)	120	55	65	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	10	10	5	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	10	5	0	815	375	445
Northern Athabaskan languages	5	5	0	815	380	440
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	5	5	5	810	375	435
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	5	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	5	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	5	0	5
Haida	5	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	15	5	5	80	20	60
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Inuktitut	5	5	5	65	20	45
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	15	5	10
Iroquoian languages	5	0	0	0	0	5
Cayuga	0	5	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	5	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	5	0	0	80	40	40
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	5
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	5	0	5	630	305	330
Dakota	0	0	0	630	305	325
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	5	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	5	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	5	5	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	55	30	25	15	10	5
Non-Aboriginal languages	26,720	12,790	13,930	259,280	126,130	133,155
Afro-Asiatic languages	860	550	310	10,700	5,580	5,120
Berber languages	25	10	15	40	25	15
Kabyle	15	10	10	35	15	10
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	10	10	5
Cushitic languages	15	5	5	1,750	875	875
Bilen	0	0	0	155	85	70
Oromo	0	0	0	345	175	170
Somali	5	5	0	1,245	610	640
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	10	10	0
Semitic languages	820	530	295	8,840	4,640	4,200
Amharic	10	10	0	1,770	885	885
Arabic	745	485	260	4,695	2,500	2,190
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	10	0	5	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	10	10	0	545	320	225
Maltese	25	15	10	40	20	25
Tigrigna	15	10	5	1,770	905	865
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	10	5	5
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	65	35	30
Austro-Asiatic languages	225	105	125	4,180	1,970	2,205
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	5	5	280	135	145
Vietnamese	215	100	120	3,895	1,840	2,060
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	5	0	0
Austronesian languages	585	160	430	52,905	24,685	28,220
Bikol	0	0	0	175	80	95
Cebuano	35	10	25	1,245	565	675
Fijian	0	0	0	35	15	15
Hiligaynon	15	0	10	390	170	220
Ilocano	35	15	20	1,365	630	730
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	5
Malay	25	10	15	175	65	105
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	655	315	340
Pangasinan	0	0	0	135	65	70
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	480	120	360	48,530	22,670	25,855
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	50	30	25
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	150	70	85
Creole languages	25	15	10	570	275	305
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	20	10	10
Creole, n.o.s.	20	5	10	290	140	145
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	265	120	145
Dravidian languages	270	140	130	1,565	825	735
Kannada	15	10	5	95	50	40
Malayalam	80	35	45	790	410	380
Tamil	90	50	40	480	255	230
Telugu	90	45	40	195	115	80
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	10	0	5
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Indo-European languages	19,460	9,370	10,090	158,350	77,605	80,750
Albanian	5	5	5	350	170	180
Armenian	15	10	10	65	35	30
Balto-Slavic languages	3,940	1,780	2,165	34,450	15,845	18,605
Baltic languages	200	100	100	165	65	95
Latvian	90	45	50	80	35	45
Lithuanian	110	60	50	85	35	45
Slavic languages	3,740	1,680	2,065	34,280	15,775	18,510
Belarusan	5	5	5	40	20	25
Bosnian	10	5	5	575	285	290
Bulgarian	35	20	15	140	70	65
Croatian	535	255	285	1,030	505	530
Czech	180	105	80	615	310	310
Macedonian	25	15	10	145	70	75
Polish	1,360	570	790	6,455	2,905	3,545
Russian	280	115	165	9,130	4,495	4,640
Serbian	125	70	55	655	335	320
Serbo-Croatian	15	5	10	240	110	130
Slovak	125	65	60	405	175	225
Slovene (Slovenian)	145	65	80	270	130	140
Ukrainian	880	375	505	14,505	6,325	8,180
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	75	40	30
Celtic languages	35	10	20	115	60	55
Scottish Gaelic	20	5	15	50	25	20
Welsh	10	5	5	60	30	30
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	10	10	0
Germanic languages	5,110	2,445	2,670	68,670	33,310	35,360
Afrikaans	75	45	35	420	220	205
Danish	110	60	50	280	145	135
Dutch	875	440	435	2,675	1,335	1,335
Frisian	20	10	5	55	30	25
German	3,860	1,815	2,045	63,825	30,940	32,890
Icelandic	0	0	0	475	210	260
Norwegian	35	10	20	115	45	65
Swedish	80	35	50	135	70	70
Vlaams (Flemish)	40	20	20	310	125	180
Yiddish	5	0	5	355	175	180
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	25	10	10
Greek	285	155	130	1,285	665	615
Indo-Iranian languages	1,550	820	725	32,325	17,135	15,195
Indo-Aryan languages	1,380	735	650	29,520	15,700	13,820
Bengali	90	55	40	1,170	675	495
Gujarati	385	210	175	3,115	1,660	1,455
Hindi	265	140	125	2,270	1,215	1,060
Kashmiri	0	0	0	5	5	5
Konkani	0	0	5	35	20	15
Marathi	10	10	5	135	80	50
Nepali	85	40	45	720	355	365
Oriya (Odia)	5	5	0	10	5	5
Punjabi (Panjabi)	235	120	115	18,320	9,650	8,670
Sindhi	15	5	10	60	30	30
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	35	20	15	670	345	320
Urdu	255	135	120	3,015	1,655	1,355
Iranian languages	165	85	80	2,705	1,365	1,335
Kurdish	10	10	5	415	210	200
Pashto	20	10	10	275	130	150
Persian (Farsi)	135	65	65	2,020	1,030	990
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	100	60	40
Italic (Romance) languages	8,520	4,140	4,375	21,100	10,385	10,710
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	5
Italian	6,830	3,335	3,495	3,840	1,910	1,930
Portuguese	665	340	325	6,585	3,190	3,390
Romanian	130	65	65	645	310	335
Spanish	880	395	480	10,005	4,965	5,040
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	20	5	10	15	5	10
Japanese	80	25	55	540	185	350
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	15	10	10
Georgian	0	0	0	15	5	5
Korean	185	95	90	3,760	1,810	1,950
Mongolic languages	0	0	5	20	5	15
Mongolian	0	0	0	20	5	15
Niger-Congo languages	320	175	145	3,895	1,965	1,930
Akan (Twi)	35	15	15	150	90	65
Bamanankan	0	0	5	75	25	45
Edo	0	0	0	40	20	15
Ewe	5	0	0	30	20	10
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	10	5	5	65	35	30
Ga	0	0	0	15	10	5
Ganda	0	0	0	50	20	30
Igbo	15	15	5	280	155	130
Lingala	15	5	10	75	30	40
Rundi (Kirundi)	15	10	5	135	60	65
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	25	10	10	250	125	120
Shona	25	15	10	110	50	60
Swahili	35	20	15	870	420	455
Wolof	10	5	0	75	50	25
Yoruba	35	20	15	1,030	525	505
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	85	50	35	640	315	325
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	0	0	395	215	180
Dinka	0	0	0	175	90	80
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	225	125	100
Sign languages	120	60	65	440	230	210
American Sign Language	40	15	25	240	125	115
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	75	40	35	195	100	95
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,445	690	750	18,880	9,320	9,565
Chinese languages	1,435	685	745	18,305	9,025	9,280
Cantonese	585	280	305	6,625	3,140	3,485
Hakka	5	5	0	55	30	25
Mandarin	660	310	350	10,170	5,110	5,060
Min Dong	0	5	5	5	5	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	5	10	325	150	165
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	5	0	110	55	50
Chinese, n.o.s.	165	80	80	1,010	530	475
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	5
Tibeto-Burman languages	10	5	5	575	295	285
Burmese	5	0	0	85	50	30
Karenic languages	10	5	5	430	215	220
Tibetan	0	0	0	10	5	5
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	55	20	35
Tai-Kadai languages	50	10	35	1,120	525	595
Lao	5	0	5	875	445	430
Thai	40	10	30	240	85	165
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	5	0	0
Turkic languages	45	30	15	340	190	150
Azerbaijani	5	0	0	30	20	15
Turkish	30	25	10	210	120	95
Uyghur	5	5	0	10	5	10
Uzbek	5	0	0	40	25	15
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	40	25	20
Uralic languages	3,015	1,365	1,650	1,440	655	790
Estonian	170	80	90	30	10	15
Finnish	2,455	1,085	1,375	225	85	135
Hungarian	385	205	185	1,185	550	635
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	155	85	70
Multiple responses	9,880	4,665	5,210	31,505	15,280	16,220
English and French	7,125	3,360	3,765	4,365	2,140	2,230
English and non-official language	2,455	1,170	1,280	25,965	12,530	13,440
French and non-official language	180	85	95	695	380	315
English, French and non-official language	115	50	70	470	230	245
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	542,175	267,475	274,695	1,261,620	624,100	637,520
Single responses	530,685	262,165	268,520	1,197,145	593,020	604,120
Official languages	520,715	257,495	263,220	1,052,345	521,280	531,065
English	454,750	226,385	228,365	1,035,475	513,465	522,010
French	65,970	31,105	34,860	16,865	7,815	9,055
Non-official languages	9,970	4,670	5,300	144,800	71,740	73,060
Aboriginal languages	1,585	775	810	15,770	8,020	7,750
Algonquian languages	1,545	760	785	15,070	7,675	7,390
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	680	320	365	7,570	3,860	3,715
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	5	5	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	5	5	5	10	5	0
Plains Cree	0	5	0	10	5	5
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	75	35	40	120	45	75
Woods Cree	0	0	0	15	10	5
Cree, n.o.s.	590	270	320	7,415	3,790	3,620
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	865	440	420	7,495	3,820	3,675
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	785	400	385	2,505	1,280	1,225
Oji-Cree	5	0	0	4,990	2,545	2,455
Ottawa (Odawa)	65	35	30	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	5	0	635	305	330
Northern Athabaskan languages	5	0	0	635	305	330
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	630	305	330
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	5	15	5	10
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	10	5	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	10	5	5
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Cayuga	0	5	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	5
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	10	5	10
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	35	25	10
Dakota	0	0	0	35	25	10
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	30	15	20	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	8,390	3,900	4,490	129,035	63,725	65,310
Afro-Asiatic languages	435	270	160	6,875	3,475	3,400
Berber languages	20	10	10	20	15	5
Kabyle	15	5	10	15	10	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0	5	5
Cushitic languages	5	0	5	1,185	550	630
Bilen	0	0	0	120	65	55
Oromo	0	0	0	210	95	115
Somali	0	0	0	845	385	460
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	5	10	0
Semitic languages	410	260	150	5,650	2,895	2,750
Amharic	5	0	5	1,045	520	525
Arabic	385	245	140	3,105	1,600	1,505
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	5	0	5	5	0	5
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	5	0	5	355	195	160
Maltese	0	0	0	10	5	5
Tigrigna	5	10	5	1,135	580	555
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	15	10
Austro-Asiatic languages	160	80	75	2,900	1,370	1,530
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	125	55	70
Vietnamese	160	85	75	2,775	1,315	1,460
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	190	70	120	27,215	13,065	14,155
Bikol	0	0	0	30	15	15
Cebuano	0	0	0	495	250	245
Fijian	0	0	0	15	5	10
Hiligaynon	5	0	0	125	55	75
Ilocano	5	5	5	390	190	200
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	55	25	30
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	245	120	130
Pangasinan	0	0	0	30	15	15
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	180	70	110	25,790	12,375	13,420
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	10	5	5
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	15	15
Creole languages	10	5	5	290	120	165
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	10	5	5
Creole, n.o.s.	10	0	5	165	75	85
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	115	45	75
Dravidian languages	130	55	75	800	400	400
Kannada	0	0	5	45	25	25
Malayalam	40	10	25	405	195	205
Tamil	45	20	25	240	120	120
Telugu	45	20	25	110	60	50
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	5,610	2,550	3,060	70,820	35,325	35,495
Albanian	0	0	0	155	80	75
Armenian	5	5	5	20	10	5
Balto-Slavic languages	850	365	485	11,685	5,670	6,015
Baltic languages	25	5	15	25	10	15
Latvian	10	5	5	15	5	5
Lithuanian	15	5	10	10	5	5
Slavic languages	830	360	470	11,660	5,660	6,000
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	5	0
Bosnian	0	5	0	285	145	140
Bulgarian	15	5	5	65	30	30
Croatian	125	55	75	320	145	180
Czech	40	20	20	115	55	60
Macedonian	5	5	0	85	35	45
Polish	335	150	185	2,010	910	1,105
Russian	125	60	65	5,530	2,780	2,745
Serbian	20	10	10	335	170	170
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	5	90	40	50
Slovak	15	5	10	70	35	35
Slovene (Slovenian)	25	10	10	55	20	30
Ukrainian	125	50	80	2,690	1,285	1,405
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5
Celtic languages	5	0	5	20	15	10
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	5	5	0
Welsh	0	0	0	10	5	5
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	1,310	645	665	25,825	12,700	13,125
Afrikaans	35	20	20	200	100	100
Danish	5	0	5	10	5	5
Dutch	65	30	35	270	135	130
Frisian	0	0	0	10	5	5
German	1,195	590	600	24,795	12,185	12,615
Icelandic	0	0	0	35	15	20
Norwegian	0	0	0	10	5	5
Swedish	15	10	5	10	5	5
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	15	5	10
Yiddish	0	0	0	10	5	5
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	465	240	225
Greek	105	50	50	535	255	280
Indo-Iranian languages	850	445	410	22,810	11,920	10,890
Indo-Aryan languages	760	400	365	21,010	11,055	9,950
Bengali	40	25	15	690	390	305
Gujarati	245	130	110	2,100	1,095	1,005
Hindi	145	70	75	1,335	715	620
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	10	5	5
Marathi	10	5	5	40	25	20
Nepali	50	25	25	540	265	280
Oriya (Odia)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	145	75	75	14,000	7,330	6,670
Sindhi	0	0	0	30	10	15
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	5	5	360	190	170
Urdu	120	65	55	1,895	1,035	860
Iranian languages	85	40	35	1,755	835	920
Kurdish	5	5	0	275	135	140
Pashto	5	5	0	165	70	95
Persian (Farsi)	65	35	35	1,315	635	685
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	50	25	20
Italic (Romance) languages	2,480	1,035	1,445	9,765	4,670	5,090
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	1,890	750	1,140	1,035	450	590
Portuguese	215	105	110	2,800	1,305	1,500
Romanian	35	15	15	235	110	125
Spanish	335	165	175	5,695	2,810	2,885
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0	0	0
Japanese	15	5	10	175	75	105
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	10	5	0
Georgian	0	0	0	10	5	5
Korean	115	60	55	2,915	1,430	1,490
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	5	0	5
Mongolian	0	0	0	5	5	5
Niger-Congo languages	60	25	35	1,410	695	720
Akan (Twi)	5	0	0	45	30	20
Bamanankan	0	0	0	15	5	5
Edo	0	0	0	5	5	0
Ewe	5	0	0	5	5	5
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	35	15	15
Ga	0	0	0	5	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	5	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	75	40	35
Lingala	5	0	0	40	20	20
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	5	65	35	35
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	15	5	10	105	55	50
Shona	5	0	0	10	5	10
Swahili	5	0	0	500	240	265
Wolof	5	0	0	25	20	10
Yoruba	10	5	5	345	175	170
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	15	5	5	125	50	75
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	5	5	130	60	70
Dinka	0	0	0	80	35	45
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	55	30	25
Sign languages	180	95	85	560	310	255
American Sign Language	45	20	25	255	135	120
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	5	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	130	70	55	305	170	135
Sino-Tibetan languages	825	420	400	13,910	6,920	6,985
Chinese languages	815	420	395	13,445	6,685	6,765
Cantonese	295	150	150	4,455	2,105	2,350
Hakka	0	0	0	25	10	15
Mandarin	420	215	205	8,080	4,105	3,975
Min Dong	0	5	0	5	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	135	65	70
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	5	0	65	30	35
Chinese, n.o.s.	95	50	45	675	365	315
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	10	0	5	465	235	225
Burmese	5	0	5	55	30	25
Karenic languages	10	0	5	370	190	180
Tibetan	0	0	0	5	0	5
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	15	20
Tai-Kadai languages	25	10	15	535	250	280
Lao	0	0	0	430	210	220
Thai	20	10	15	105	40	65
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	5	0	5	135	70	65
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	10	5	10
Turkish	5	0	0	65	35	35
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	35	20	15
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	10	15
Uralic languages	635	255	380	305	140	165
Estonian	20	5	15	0	0	0
Finnish	510	200	310	35	15	15
Hungarian	105	45	55	270	125	145
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	40	25	20
Multiple responses	11,485	5,310	6,175	64,475	31,080	33,400
English and French	6,715	3,060	3,655	3,090	1,440	1,645
English and non-official language	4,485	2,115	2,370	60,090	28,995	31,090
French and non-official language	115	60	50	415	215	205
English, French and non-official language	165	75	95	885	420	455
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	542,175	267,475	274,695	1,261,615	624,095	637,520
None	452,085	225,735	226,355	1,079,050	535,990	543,065
English	35,450	16,615	18,835	76,350	37,795	38,550
French	41,615	19,105	22,510	20,200	9,130	11,075
Non-official language	12,465	5,770	6,690	83,315	39,860	43,455
Aboriginal	3,530	1,615	1,915	16,105	7,590	8,515
Non-Aboriginal	8,935	4,155	4,785	67,215	32,275	34,940
English and French	70	35	40	305	150	150
English and non-official language	160	80	85	1,610	815	790
French and non-official language	310	135	180	770	345	420
English, French and non-official language	10	5	5	20	5	10
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	456,170	223,745	232,420	1,001,305	491,590	509,715
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	440,775	216,870	223,905	954,035	467,790	486,250
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	33,649	41,652	26,956	34,188	40,379	29,220
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	440,985	216,880	224,105	954,205	467,820	486,390
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	30,758	37,385	25,084	30,465	35,150	26,561
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	384,900	193,560	191,340	859,545	431,145	428,400
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	31,098	39,740	24,043	32,592	39,229	26,692
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	329,580	151,165	178,415	701,840	309,530	392,310
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	8,354	8,597	7,969	4,268	1,890	5,434
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	309,860	163,975	145,880	722,785	374,850	347,935
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	31,722	38,633	26,898	33,677	39,365	28,679
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	456,165	223,750	232,420	1,001,305	491,580	509,725
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	440,470	216,595	223,875	953,960	467,575	486,385
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	43,701	52,418	35,267	43,767	51,068	36,747
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	440,675	216,600	224,080	954,175	467,605	486,565
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	36,845	43,208	30,694	35,957	41,013	31,097
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	384,595	193,490	191,100	859,575	431,035	428,540
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	42,133	51,322	32,830	42,776	50,803	34,704
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	329,995	151,265	178,730	701,830	308,940	392,890
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	9,227	9,409	9,073	7,099	6,411	7,640
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	309,855	163,495	146,355	722,785	374,535	348,250
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	41,881	49,034	33,890	42,551	49,417	35,168
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	456,165	223,750	232,415	1,001,310	491,580	509,725
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	136,885	75,645	61,235	350,580	201,335	149,245
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	54,558	63,143	46,410	50,026	54,580	44,818
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	62,401	70,674	52,181	59,523	65,410	51,581
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	84.2	87.5	79.4	88.0	91.7	83.1
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	67.3	70.4	62.8	73.6	77.4	68.6
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	15.8	12.5	20.6	12.0	8.3	16.9
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	456,165	223,750	232,420	1,001,310	491,585	509,720
Without total income	15,395	6,880	8,510	47,270	23,800	23,470
With total income	440,775	216,870	223,910	954,040	467,790	486,245
Percentage with total income	96.6	96.9	96.3	95.3	95.2	95.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	57,315	22,825	34,485	137,700	62,550	75,150
$10,000 to $19,999	79,215	30,210	49,000	150,320	58,320	91,995
$20,000 to $29,999	64,075	26,100	37,975	136,510	54,950	81,560
$30,000 to $39,999	53,085	25,180	27,910	123,685	55,805	67,885
$40,000 to $49,999	45,565	22,980	22,585	109,710	54,650	55,060
$50,000 to $59,999	35,180	18,980	16,200	80,625	45,170	35,460
$60,000 to $69,999	26,215	15,630	10,585	58,785	35,250	23,535
$70,000 to $79,999	19,415	12,190	7,225	43,365	26,465	16,895
$80,000 to $89,999	15,160	9,750	5,410	34,000	20,100	13,905
$90,000 to $99,999	13,600	8,345	5,250	21,980	13,545	8,440
$100,000 and over	31,960	24,675	7,285	57,355	40,985	16,370
$100,000 to $149,999	24,480	18,760	5,715	40,870	28,585	12,285
$150,000 and over	7,485	5,915	1,565	16,490	12,395	4,090
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	456,170	223,750	232,420	1,001,305	491,585	509,720
Without after-tax income	15,180	6,865	8,315	47,100	23,770	23,330
With after-tax income	440,985	216,880	224,105	954,205	467,820	486,390
Percentage with after-tax income	96.7	96.9	96.4	95.3	95.2	95.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	59,440	23,230	36,210	142,035	63,525	78,510
$10,000 to $19,999	82,435	31,550	50,880	161,865	63,410	98,460
$20,000 to $29,999	73,720	30,625	43,095	165,880	68,985	96,895
$30,000 to $39,999	62,765	31,075	31,685	153,680	73,335	80,350
$40,000 to $49,999	51,060	27,035	24,025	116,415	63,755	52,660
$50,000 to $59,999	35,510	21,075	14,435	78,105	46,940	31,160
$60,000 to $69,999	24,870	16,010	8,860	53,870	32,165	21,705
$70,000 to $79,999	20,010	12,740	7,270	31,690	19,680	12,010
$80,000 and over	31,175	23,540	7,635	50,655	36,025	14,630
$80,000 to $89,999	12,310	8,845	3,465	18,025	12,260	5,760
$90,000 to $99,999	6,990	5,425	1,565	10,325	7,305	3,015
$100,000 and over	11,875	9,265	2,605	22,305	16,460	5,850
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	456,170	223,745	232,420	1,001,305	491,590	509,720
Without employment income	146,310	59,770	86,540	278,525	116,740	161,775
With employment income	309,855	163,975	145,880	722,785	374,845	347,940
Percentage with employment income	67.9	73.3	62.8	72.2	76.3	68.3
Under $5,000 (including loss)	54,090	30,495	23,595	90,045	42,675	47,375
$5,000 to $9,999	25,030	10,550	14,475	54,560	23,875	30,690
$10,000 to $19,999	38,425	16,370	22,055	94,460	41,920	52,535
$20,000 to $29,999	31,980	13,715	18,260	89,540	39,650	49,895
$30,000 to $39,999	29,625	12,550	17,070	88,340	41,905	46,440
$40,000 to $49,999	27,255	12,570	14,685	77,755	40,205	37,550
$50,000 to $59,999	22,745	12,275	10,470	58,900	34,355	24,550
$60,000 to $69,999	17,305	10,585	6,720	44,085	27,115	16,970
$70,000 to $79,999	14,195	9,070	5,125	34,450	21,375	13,075
$80,000 and over	49,215	35,795	13,420	90,650	61,780	28,865
$80,000 to $89,999	12,190	7,950	4,240	28,365	16,860	11,505
$90,000 to $99,999	11,815	7,275	4,535	17,635	11,355	6,275
$100,000 and over	25,215	20,570	4,640	44,650	33,560	11,095
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	238,530	...	...	489,050	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	63,938	...	...	68,147	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	57,018	...	...	59,093	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	71,315	...	...	135,495	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	30,399	...	...	35,846	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	28,096	...	...	31,538	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	167,215	...	...	353,550	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	83,009	...	...	84,532	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	72,955	...	...	72,688	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	238,530	...	...	489,050	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	80,698	...	...	85,373	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	68,070	...	...	70,154	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	71,260	...	...	135,440	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	40,444	...	...	44,208	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	34,623	...	...	36,503	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	167,270	...	...	353,605	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	97,847	...	...	101,140	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	82,319	...	...	83,044	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	238,530	...	...	489,050	...	...
Under $5,000	2,630	...	...	9,250	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	3,485	...	...	8,175	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	8,625	...	...	11,450	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	11,230	...	...	18,260	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	12,695	...	...	21,395	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	10,440	...	...	19,035	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	11,430	...	...	21,090	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	11,360	...	...	21,745	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	10,860	...	...	21,605	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	10,420	...	...	21,225	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	19,135	...	...	40,240	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	16,860	...	...	37,910	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	14,980	...	...	34,275	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	13,620	...	...	31,555	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	12,065	...	...	27,215	...	...
$100,000 and over	68,695	...	...	144,620	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	23,815	...	...	52,495	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	16,535	...	...	34,595	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	17,595	...	...	34,670	...	...
$200,000 and over	10,760	...	...	22,865	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	238,530	...	...	489,050	...	...
Under $5,000	2,805	...	...	9,725	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	3,570	...	...	8,315	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	8,700	...	...	11,860	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	11,630	...	...	19,325	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	14,020	...	...	24,370	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	11,670	...	...	22,665	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	13,015	...	...	25,915	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	12,935	...	...	26,725	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	12,785	...	...	25,965	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	11,900	...	...	25,290	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	22,610	...	...	48,610	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	19,165	...	...	44,280	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	17,340	...	...	38,890	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	14,905	...	...	32,370	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	12,505	...	...	26,890	...	...
$100,000 and over	48,960	...	...	97,850	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	22,335	...	...	46,355	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	12,830	...	...	24,795	...	...
$150,000 and over	13,800	...	...	26,705	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	161,585	...	...	341,205	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	83,281	...	...	84,441	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	73,091	...	...	72,563	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	73,955	...	...	127,580	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	75,038	...	...	79,103	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	66,334	...	...	67,596	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	58,270	...	...	150,585	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	116,856	...	...	104,902	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	99,279	...	...	89,307	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	3.9	...	...	4.2	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	25,340	...	...	52,215	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	47,666	...	...	49,922	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	44,878	...	...	46,048	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	161,670	...	...	341,235	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	98,200	...	...	101,410	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	82,503	...	...	83,132	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	73,835	...	...	127,710	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	87,878	...	...	95,583	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	74,064	...	...	77,743	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	58,260	...	...	150,695	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	129,032	...	...	122,176	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	106,702	...	...	99,399	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	25,310	...	...	52,130	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	58,341	...	...	60,006	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	51,848	...	...	52,307	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	87,870	43,050	44,820	175,270	86,935	88,335
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	28,608	32,438	25,982	32,927	35,568	30,818
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	26,629	29,629	24,678	29,429	31,130	28,062
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	87,605	42,665	44,935	174,945	86,380	88,565
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	38,502	42,754	34,465	40,853	43,332	38,434
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	33,085	35,813	30,495	33,961	35,291	32,663
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	538,350	265,760	272,590	1,240,700	614,440	626,260
In the bottom half of the distribution	271,930	129,335	142,590	687,930	332,640	355,290
In the bottom decile	55,590	26,790	28,800	151,750	74,825	76,930
In the second decile	57,480	25,110	32,370	135,485	62,035	73,450
In the third decile	53,570	25,275	28,295	135,395	64,805	70,590
In the fourth decile	52,470	25,710	26,760	132,755	65,185	67,575
In the fifth decile	52,820	26,440	26,375	132,540	65,790	66,750
In the top half of the distribution	266,420	136,425	130,000	552,770	281,805	270,965
In the sixth decile	52,175	26,185	25,995	127,575	64,305	63,265
In the seventh decile	54,725	27,850	26,875	123,505	62,770	60,735
In the eighth decile	57,480	29,435	28,040	116,805	59,460	57,350
In the ninth decile	58,760	30,310	28,455	104,820	53,835	50,980
In the top decile	43,280	22,645	20,635	80,070	41,435	38,640
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	523,820	258,455	265,360	1,175,720	581,585	594,135
0 to 17 years	95,670	49,040	46,625	260,905	134,075	126,830
0 to 5 years	30,550	15,705	14,845	85,935	44,240	41,695
18 to 64 years	322,770	159,520	163,255	737,035	365,965	371,070
65 years and over	105,385	49,900	55,485	177,780	81,540	96,235
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	78,175	35,635	42,545	180,880	85,185	95,690
0 to 17 years	18,115	9,330	8,780	57,185	29,390	27,790
0 to 5 years	6,810	3,470	3,340	21,325	10,970	10,355
18 to 64 years	46,055	21,350	24,710	98,920	46,630	52,285
65 years and over	14,015	4,960	9,055	24,785	9,165	15,615
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	14.9	13.8	16.0	15.4	14.6	16.1
0 to 17 years (%)	18.9	19.0	18.8	21.9	21.9	21.9
0 to 5 years (%)	22.3	22.1	22.5	24.8	24.8	24.8
18 to 64 years (%)	14.3	13.4	15.1	13.4	12.7	14.1
65 years and over (%)	13.3	9.9	16.3	13.9	11.2	16.2
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	34,075	16,780	17,295	115,965	56,255	59,705
0 to 17 years	7,205	3,710	3,495	33,260	17,040	16,220
0 to 5 years	2,955	1,510	1,440	12,310	6,325	5,985
18 to 64 years	25,270	12,450	12,815	73,655	35,895	37,760
65 years and over	1,600	620	985	9,045	3,325	5,725
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	6.5	6.5	6.5	9.9	9.7	10.0
0 to 17 years (%)	7.5	7.6	7.5	12.7	12.7	12.8
0 to 5 years (%)	9.7	9.6	9.7	14.3	14.3	14.4
18 to 64 years (%)	7.8	7.8	7.8	10.0	9.8	10.2
65 years and over (%)	1.5	1.2	1.8	5.1	4.1	5.9
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	538,350	265,760	272,590	1,240,700	614,440	626,260
Official languages	537,125	265,275	271,850	1,224,985	607,375	617,605
English	530,045	262,115	267,930	1,223,665	606,760	616,905
French	172,415	80,900	91,525	108,560	49,435	59,130
Non-official languages	42,540	20,540	22,005	340,250	165,150	175,100
Aboriginal languages	7,555	3,480	4,080	40,465	19,410	21,050
Algonquian languages	7,325	3,385	3,945	38,305	18,375	19,930
Blackfoot	0	0	0	10	0	10
Cree-Montagnais languages	2,635	1,215	1,420	20,975	10,025	10,955
Atikamekw	10	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	125	65	55	0	0	10
Naskapi	0	0	10	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	35	10	20	85	25	55
Plains Cree	15	10	10	190	90	100
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	375	170	205	1,140	505	640
Woods Cree	10	10	0	130	65	65
Cree, n.o.s.	2,105	965	1,140	19,435	9,340	10,095
Eastern Algonquian languages	10	10	0	10	10	0
Malecite	0	10	0	10	10	0
Mi'kmaq	10	0	0	10	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	4,725	2,180	2,540	17,710	8,520	9,185
Algonquin	50	30	25	10	0	0
Ojibway	4,485	2,065	2,415	9,685	4,560	5,125
Oji-Cree	65	25	40	8,045	3,975	4,070
Ottawa (Odawa)	160	85	70	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	20	10	10	1,120	525	595
Northern Athabaskan languages	15	10	10	1,110	520	590
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	10	10	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	1,110	520	595
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	10	10	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	40	20	30	110	55	55
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	10	10	0
Inuktitut	15	10	10	80	35	45
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	30	0	20	20	15	10
Iroquoian languages	10	10	10	15	10	10
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	10	0	0	15	10	10
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	10
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	85	40	50	210	115	95
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	10
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	10	0	10
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	10	0	0	760	365	395
Dakota	0	10	0	760	360	400
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	10	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	10	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	10	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	10	0	10
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	90	40	45	35	15	20
Non-Aboriginal languages	35,005	17,065	17,945	299,900	145,795	154,110
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,260	735	525	15,730	8,320	7,410
Berber languages	20	10	15	85	50	40
Kabyle	20	10	10	45	25	20
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	50	35	10
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	2,300	1,195	1,105
Bilen	0	0	0	210	120	85
Oromo	0	0	0	535	275	260
Somali	10	0	10	1,550	790	760
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	15	10
Semitic languages	1,245	725	515	13,685	7,300	6,390
Amharic	10	0	10	2,475	1,370	1,105
Arabic	1,115	665	455	6,650	3,590	3,055
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	15	0	10
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	10	10	0	10	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	10	0
Hebrew	55	20	30	3,370	1,735	1,635
Maltese	50	35	15	65	30	35
Tigrigna	10	0	10	2,225	1,175	1,050
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	15	10	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	155	80	80
Austro-Asiatic languages	315	150	170	5,230	2,545	2,685
Khmer (Cambodian)	15	10	10	335	185	150
Vietnamese	300	145	155	4,905	2,370	2,535
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	715	220	500	65,305	30,220	35,090
Bikol	10	0	10	225	100	125
Cebuano	85	30	60	1,615	805	810
Fijian	10	0	0	65	35	30
Hiligaynon	15	0	10	425	180	245
Ilocano	45	15	30	1,875	880	990
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	65	40	25	375	180	195
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	945	415	530
Pangasinan	0	0	0	205	100	110
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	625	165	460	64,165	29,640	34,520
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	115	55	55
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	10	200	80	120
Creole languages	95	60	30	1,310	605	705
Haitian Creole	20	10	10	25	10	15
Creole, n.o.s.	25	15	15	635	310	315
Creole languages, n.i.e.	50	40	15	680	305	375
Dravidian languages	380	200	180	1,840	945	895
Kannada	15	10	10	175	95	80
Malayalam	50	25	25	830	400	430
Tamil	160	95	60	655	330	325
Telugu	180	80	100	255	150	110
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	10
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	25,725	12,500	13,225	175,950	86,435	89,510
Albanian	20	10	15	390	195	195
Armenian	10	10	0	65	50	15
Balto-Slavic languages	3,950	1,810	2,140	39,530	18,780	20,745
Baltic languages	210	120	95	230	90	140
Latvian	110	60	45	115	45	70
Lithuanian	105	60	45	120	50	65
Slavic languages	3,755	1,700	2,055	39,360	18,720	20,640
Belarusan	0	10	0	65	25	45
Bosnian	20	10	0	835	405	430
Bulgarian	35	25	10	155	95	60
Croatian	630	280	350	1,595	765	825
Czech	260	130	130	735	335	395
Macedonian	20	20	10	140	75	60
Polish	1,370	580	790	7,655	3,625	4,035
Russian	390	155	240	13,455	6,715	6,740
Serbian	155	90	70	870	470	400
Serbo-Croatian	30	15	10	190	75	115
Slovak	130	85	40	480	215	260
Slovene (Slovenian)	125	40	85	275	100	175
Ukrainian	845	380	470	17,095	7,795	9,305
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	35	20	15	70	35	30
Celtic languages	100	60	40	225	125	100
Scottish Gaelic	50	25	25	90	65	25
Welsh	20	10	10	90	45	45
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	35	25	0	45	15	25
Germanic languages	6,070	2,970	3,100	68,285	33,250	35,035
Afrikaans	165	110	55	715	330	385
Danish	120	75	50	270	120	150
Dutch	1,085	520	565	3,120	1,555	1,565
Frisian	10	0	10	90	65	30
German	4,720	2,300	2,415	61,760	30,170	31,600
Icelandic	0	0	0	560	225	335
Norwegian	70	25	45	290	115	175
Swedish	130	55	75	270	125	150
Vlaams (Flemish)	25	15	10	270	120	155
Yiddish	20	10	10	545	235	315
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	2,490	1,285	1,205
Greek	465	230	235	2,010	1,015	1,000
Indo-Iranian languages	2,065	1,085	975	38,760	20,480	18,280
Indo-Aryan languages	1,865	980	890	35,830	18,990	16,835
Bengali	140	75	75	1,520	885	635
Gujarati	450	260	195	3,905	2,065	1,840
Hindi	980	520	460	12,900	6,900	6,000
Kashmiri	0	0	0	20	15	10
Konkani	0	0	0	40	30	10
Marathi	45	25	20	275	170	105
Nepali	95	40	60	600	285	315
Oriya (Odia)	10	0	10	15	10	10
Punjabi (Panjabi)	320	175	150	22,900	12,035	10,865
Sindhi	10	0	10	150	85	65
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	35	30	10	920	500	420
Urdu	420	205	210	4,600	2,540	2,060
Iranian languages	220	125	95	3,035	1,525	1,515
Kurdish	30	20	10	600	295	305
Pashto	30	25	10	290	135	150
Persian (Farsi)	165	85	80	2,295	1,175	1,120
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	20	10	15	230	125	105
Italic (Romance) languages	13,545	6,585	6,965	34,360	16,630	17,735
Catalan	0	0	0	15	10	10
Italian	9,250	4,495	4,760	5,350	2,610	2,735
Portuguese	910	505	405	8,460	4,125	4,335
Romanian	130	60	75	785	395	390
Spanish	3,585	1,640	1,940	20,605	9,910	10,695
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	50	30	20	60	45	15
Japanese	185	90	95	1,160	550	605
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	10	0	15
Georgian	0	0	0	15	0	15
Korean	280	145	135	4,240	2,100	2,145
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	55	20	35
Mongolian	0	0	0	55	20	30
Niger-Congo languages	465	285	175	7,970	4,125	3,845
Akan (Twi)	50	35	20	260	165	95
Bamanankan	0	0	0	160	95	65
Edo	0	0	0	95	60	30
Ewe	0	0	0	50	30	20
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	50	25	25
Ga	0	0	0	30	10	15
Ganda	0	0	0	230	110	120
Igbo	25	15	10	665	345	325
Lingala	70	30	35	655	315	345
Rundi (Kirundi)	25	10	15	205	105	105
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	15	10	10	305	155	155
Shona	35	20	15	250	110	140
Swahili	90	45	50	1,930	1,020	905
Wolof	10	10	0	150	85	70
Yoruba	65	50	20	2,630	1,330	1,295
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	165	120	45	1,440	765	680
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	410	225	185
Dinka	0	0	0	180	105	75
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	225	120	105
Sign languages	940	395	550	2,670	985	1,685
American Sign Language	405	160	245	1,710	625	1,090
Quebec Sign Language	35	10	25	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	520	230	290	975	365	610
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,680	905	775	21,130	10,490	10,650
Chinese languages	1,680	905	780	20,475	10,185	10,285
Cantonese	780	415	360	8,310	3,920	4,390
Hakka	0	0	0	50	30	20
Mandarin	840	455	380	12,825	6,460	6,365
Min Dong	10	10	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	30	15	15	480	230	250
Wu (Shanghainese)	15	10	10	185	95	85
Chinese, n.o.s.	170	80	85	1,115	600	510
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	675	310	370
Burmese	0	0	0	185	115	70
Karenic languages	0	10	0	465	200	265
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	145	60	80
Tai-Kadai languages	40	10	30	1,565	730	835
Lao	10	0	0	1,120	520	600
Thai	30	10	20	575	270	305
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Turkic languages	55	40	15	510	250	265
Azerbaijani	15	10	10	50	25	30
Turkish	30	25	10	365	180	185
Uyghur	0	10	0	30	15	10
Uzbek	0	0	0	40	20	15
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	45	15	30
Uralic languages	3,385	1,585	1,800	1,550	730	815
Estonian	170	90	80	45	20	25
Finnish	2,820	1,265	1,555	265	105	160
Hungarian	395	230	165	1,235	600	635
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	60	30	35	445	290	150
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	538,350	265,760	272,595	1,240,700	614,440	626,260
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	530,975	262,190	268,785	1,133,080	560,165	572,920
Canadian citizens aged under 18	99,465	51,115	48,355	266,225	136,640	129,585
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	431,510	211,080	220,430	866,855	423,520	443,335
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	7,375	3,570	3,810	107,620	54,280	53,340
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	538,355	265,755	272,595	1,240,700	614,445	626,255
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	507,470	250,805	256,670	996,860	494,285	502,570
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	29,385	14,125	15,260	227,465	111,095	116,365
Before 1981	18,755	9,015	9,745	50,025	23,340	26,680
1981 to 1990	2,235	1,155	1,080	20,205	10,190	10,010
1991 to 2000	2,375	1,085	1,285	23,040	11,165	11,875
2001 to 2010	3,765	1,835	1,925	70,985	35,305	35,680
2001 to 2005	1,595	795	810	22,570	11,195	11,370
2006 to 2010	2,165	1,045	1,125	48,415	24,110	24,305
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	2,255	1,040	1,220	63,210	31,095	32,120
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	1,495	830	665	16,375	9,055	7,320
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	29,385	14,130	15,255	227,470	111,100	116,370
Under 5 years	4,595	2,315	2,280	25,595	12,975	12,625
5 to 14 years	6,255	3,175	3,080	45,570	23,305	22,265
15 to 24 years	7,865	3,545	4,315	44,585	20,820	23,770
25 to 44 years	9,450	4,555	4,900	93,700	45,160	48,540
45 years and over	1,225	540	680	18,010	8,845	9,170
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	29,385	14,125	15,255	227,465	111,095	116,365
Americas	4,580	1,955	2,625	31,980	15,285	16,700
Brazil	50	15	35	435	170	265
Colombia	70	40	30	1,050	510	545
El Salvador	50	25	20	2,480	1,325	1,155
Guyana	75	30	45	1,135	515	620
Haiti	45	25	20	155	75	80
Jamaica	300	140	165	1,810	835	970
Mexico	155	45	110	6,655	3,330	3,320
Peru	50	0	40	235	85	150
Trinidad and Tobago	105	65	45	1,505	785	720
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	3,130	1,325	1,805	7,100	3,100	4,000
Other places of birth in Americas	550	245	305	9,425	4,550	4,875
Europe	18,850	9,255	9,595	56,705	27,815	28,890
Bosnia and Herzegovina	60	40	25	1,055	530	525
Croatia	325	150	175	975	445	535
France	290	125	165	795	425	365
Germany	2,445	1,180	1,270	10,390	5,215	5,175
Greece	235	125	110	820	445	375
Hungary	325	195	125	815	435	375
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	240	150	90	650	310	340
Italy	4,525	2,275	2,245	2,755	1,405	1,350
Netherlands	775	450	325	2,250	1,185	1,060
Poland	735	290	445	5,280	2,455	2,820
Portugal	515	280	240	4,380	2,170	2,210
Romania	155	80	70	720	345	375
Russian Federation	165	55	105	4,245	2,035	2,210
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	115	80	35	355	175	175
Ukraine	165	65	95	4,765	2,250	2,515
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	4,975	2,330	2,640	11,665	5,655	6,015
Other places of birth in Europe	2,820	1,385	1,435	4,790	2,325	2,470
Africa	1,150	650	500	17,975	9,495	8,485
Algeria	65	30	30	115	60	55
Egypt	100	65	35	980	525	455
Ethiopia	10	0	10	2,525	1,360	1,165
Kenya	25	10	15	935	470	465
Morocco	25	20	10	250	140	110
Nigeria	125	65	55	3,820	2,070	1,750
Somalia	10	0	0	755	350	415
South Africa, Republic of	170	100	65	975	465	505
Other places of birth in Africa	625	345	275	7,630	4,055	3,570
Asia	4,575	2,130	2,445	120,230	58,215	62,015
Afghanistan	50	20	25	615	285	330
Bangladesh	90	45	45	880	475	400
China^{Census data footnote 59}	930	390	540	9,250	4,460	4,790
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	135	70	60	1,460	715	735
India	1,070	510	560	21,990	11,395	10,595
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	95	50	40	1,180	655	530
Iraq	25	25	10	860	460	400
Japan	45	10	35	225	70	150
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	150	70	80	2,880	1,415	1,470
Lebanon	110	70	45	265	165	100
Pakistan	265	125	135	3,125	1,675	1,450
Philippines	635	175	455	61,950	28,800	33,150
Sri Lanka	95	60	30	1,015	515	505
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	80	40	35	805	390	410
Taiwan	40	25	15	215	110	110
Viet Nam	325	170	160	4,225	2,035	2,185
Other places of birth in Asia	455	260	195	9,285	4,590	4,695
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	235	145	90	575	290	280
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	2,260	1,040	1,220	63,210	31,095	32,115
Americas	380	175	210	4,130	1,840	2,290
Brazil	0	0	10	100	35	65
Colombia	0	0	0	185	70	120
Cuba	0	0	0	75	25	55
Haiti	0	0	10	15	10	0
Jamaica	25	20	0	340	175	165
Mexico	25	10	10	875	415	465
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	230	105	125	970	445	525
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	10	10	10	75	30	40
Other places of birth in Americas	75	35	45	1,490	640	850
Europe	255	110	145	5,155	2,650	2,505
France	0	0	0	135	70	75
Germany	10	0	10	580	310	265
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	0	0	0	135	80	60
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	0	0	0	160	85	70
Romania	15	10	0	70	30	35
Russian Federation	20	0	20	1,145	530	610
Ukraine	30	15	15	1,320	670	650
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	90	45	40	550	290	265
Other places of birth in Europe	90	45	45	1,060	590	470
Africa	330	170	160	7,860	4,120	3,735
Algeria	0	0	0	20	10	10
Cameroon	30	15	15	65	45	20
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	45	20	25	740	360	380
Côte d'Ivoire	30	10	15	95	35	60
Egypt	35	30	10	415	220	190
Eritrea	10	0	10	795	430	360
Ethiopia	0	0	0	810	425	380
Morocco	0	10	0	70	30	35
Nigeria	40	20	20	2,630	1,415	1,215
Somalia	0	0	0	385	160	215
South Africa, Republic of	35	20	10	225	110	120
Tunisia	20	10	10	65	45	20
Other places of birth in Africa	85	35	50	1,555	820	735
Asia	1,215	530	685	45,915	22,395	23,520
Afghanistan	0	0	0	60	35	25
Bangladesh	15	0	10	360	195	170
China^{Census data footnote 59}	115	40	70	3,390	1,635	1,760
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	0	0	0	185	105	80
India	410	205	210	10,915	5,675	5,240
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	35	25	0	425	230	195
Iraq	0	10	0	330	175	155
Israel	0	0	0	595	340	260
Japan	25	10	25	45	25	25
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	15	15	0	1,300	665	640
Lebanon	10	0	0	140	100	35
Nepal	20	10	10	210	70	140
Pakistan	90	40	55	1,535	800	735
Philippines	200	65	135	22,885	10,645	12,245
Saudi Arabia	10	0	0	325	145	180
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	250	140	115
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	65	35	30	635	325	310
Taiwan	0	0	0	20	0	10
Turkey	0	0	0	40	30	10
United Arab Emirates	0	0	10	110	55	55
Viet Nam	95	45	50	495	220	275
Other places of birth in Asia	95	30	60	1,650	785	870
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	75	55	15	150	80	70
Australia	65	55	15	80	25	60
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	10	10	0	65	55	15
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	538,350	265,760	272,590	1,240,695	614,440	626,260
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	32,380	15,730	16,655	249,625	123,035	126,585
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	57,330	28,115	29,220	197,530	97,135	100,395
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	448,635	221,920	226,715	793,545	394,265	399,280
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	10,945	5,280	5,660	180,810	89,380	91,425
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	4,985	2,625	2,365	119,845	60,680	59,165
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	2,160	1,490	670	44,415	27,435	16,980
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	2,825	1,135	1,695	75,430	33,250	42,185
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	4,690	1,900	2,790	39,875	17,355	22,525
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	1,155	690	470	20,550	11,155	9,395
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	110	70	35	540	195	345
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	538,355	265,760	272,590	1,240,700	614,440	626,260
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	69,515	34,005	35,505	223,310	108,495	114,815
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	67,705	33,150	34,555	220,470	107,145	113,330
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	41,465	19,715	21,750	130,510	62,955	67,550
Métis	25,975	13,295	12,680	89,355	43,895	45,465
Inuk (Inuit)	260	140	120	610	295	310
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	775	355	415	2,020	985	1,030
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	1,030	500	535	820	365	450
Non-Aboriginal identity	468,840	231,750	237,090	1,017,385	505,945	511,445
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	538,350	265,760	272,590	1,240,700	614,440	626,255
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	35,995	17,205	18,795	127,250	61,300	65,950
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	502,355	248,555	253,800	1,113,450	553,140	560,305
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	538,350	265,755	272,590	1,240,700	614,440	626,255
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	24,900	12,245	12,655	110,630	53,980	56,645
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	24,585	12,065	12,520	108,055	52,775	55,285
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	21,300	10,290	11,010	93,070	45,490	47,580
Métis single ancestry	3,195	1,735	1,460	14,835	7,210	7,625
Inuit single ancestry	95	40	55	155	75	80
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	315	180	135	2,570	1,205	1,365
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	230	135	95	2,495	1,160	1,335
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	65	40	25	50	30	15
Métis and Inuit ancestries	25	10	10	15	10	10
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	10	10	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	55,685	26,840	28,845	114,605	55,480	59,120
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	53,990	25,995	27,990	107,535	52,250	55,285
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	30,690	14,490	16,200	40,265	19,440	20,820
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	22,955	11,360	11,595	66,810	32,600	34,215
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	340	145	195	460	210	250
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	1,700	845	855	7,070	3,235	3,835
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	1,570	795	775	6,800	3,100	3,705
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	100	45	50	120	65	55
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	20	0	25	130	55	80
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	10	0	10	10	10	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	457,765	226,675	231,095	1,015,465	504,980	510,485
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	538,355	265,760	272,590	1,240,700	614,440	626,260
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	13,250	6,670	6,580	216,850	108,315	108,530
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	2,970	1,540	1,430	42,060	22,200	19,855
Chinese	2,400	1,225	1,170	22,540	11,340	11,195
Black	3,165	1,680	1,490	30,335	15,790	14,550
Filipino	925	320	610	79,815	37,935	41,885
Latin American	715	320	395	9,895	4,840	5,050
Arab	995	570	420	5,030	2,705	2,325
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	570	265	305	8,565	4,155	4,410
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	210	95	115	2,695	1,420	1,270
Korean	330	180	150	4,375	2,195	2,180
Japanese	255	115	140	1,850	880	975
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	300	150	150	3,195	1,610	1,590
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	420	210	210	6,485	3,235	3,250
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	525,095	259,085	266,010	1,023,850	506,125	517,725
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	538,350	265,760	272,595	1,240,700	614,440	626,255
North American Aboriginal origins	80,590	39,085	41,500	225,230	109,465	115,770
First Nations (North American Indian)	53,960	25,790	28,165	142,820	69,305	73,510
Inuit	650	280	370	955	460	500
Métis	28,000	14,040	13,965	91,120	44,150	46,970
Other North American origins	240,375	117,830	122,540	247,670	123,075	124,600
Acadian	845	420	425	645	325	320
American	4,955	2,430	2,525	9,220	4,605	4,615
Canadian	236,030	115,655	120,375	240,835	119,610	121,225
New Brunswicker	25	10	15	10	0	10
Newfoundlander	505	250	250	215	130	90
Nova Scotian	80	30	45	20	15	0
Ontarian	235	135	105	20	20	0
Québécois	700	355	345	280	150	125
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	0	0	0	30	10	25
European origins	387,640	190,620	197,015	826,210	406,770	419,445
British Isles origins	233,880	114,075	119,810	421,515	206,840	214,675
Channel Islander	15	10	0	45	25	25
Cornish	50	20	35	85	45	40
English	129,260	62,670	66,595	245,960	119,975	125,985
Irish	103,860	49,355	54,505	156,145	74,290	81,850
Manx	100	30	65	200	100	100
Scottish	94,835	46,020	48,815	208,065	100,790	107,265
Welsh	7,540	3,660	3,880	17,760	8,575	9,180
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	9,875	4,780	5,095	19,610	9,260	10,355
French origins	167,220	80,810	86,410	148,810	72,060	76,750
Alsatian	10	10	0	20	15	15
Breton	25	15	10	120	40	75
Corsican	0	0	0	0	10	0
French	167,200	80,795	86,405	148,740	72,020	76,720
Western European origins (except French origins)	65,480	32,135	33,345	286,985	141,285	145,705
Austrian	2,125	1,030	1,085	12,325	6,190	6,135
Bavarian	25	10	20	15	10	0
Belgian	1,495	750	745	21,510	10,495	11,020
Dutch	15,155	7,480	7,680	55,525	27,375	28,150
Flemish	65	40	35	965	445	515
Frisian	0	0	0	140	75	55
German	48,975	23,875	25,095	220,735	108,650	112,080
Luxembourger	30	20	15	155	65	90
Swiss	2,185	1,035	1,155	5,475	2,660	2,810
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	30	25	10	140	65	75
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	26,280	12,755	13,525	80,295	38,580	41,720
Danish	2,290	1,120	1,170	7,895	3,850	4,050
Finnish	15,860	7,765	8,090	4,000	1,905	2,095
Icelandic	660	260	400	31,090	15,265	15,825
Norwegian	3,670	1,775	1,900	19,600	9,145	10,455
Swedish	5,280	2,490	2,790	22,470	10,530	11,945
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	515	270	245	2,540	1,260	1,285
Eastern European origins	40,220	20,030	20,190	287,695	141,310	146,380
Bulgarian	205	100	105	330	190	145
Byelorussian	125	75	50	885	430	455
Czech	1,025	535	490	4,590	2,165	2,425
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	625	330	300	2,155	1,120	1,040
Estonian	790	460	330	190	80	115
Hungarian	2,800	1,360	1,440	10,120	4,990	5,125
Latvian	450	220	230	1,365	655	715
Lithuanian	845	420	425	1,455	750	705
Moldovan	10	0	0	325	170	160
Polish	15,635	7,860	7,775	88,090	42,670	45,420
Romanian	1,225	675	550	5,835	2,790	3,045
Russian	2,935	1,290	1,645	58,225	28,625	29,605
Slovak	910	475	435	2,190	1,055	1,135
Ukrainian	18,050	8,855	9,195	180,055	88,615	91,445
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	50	25	25	895	415	480
Southern European origins	51,130	25,360	25,765	59,915	29,445	30,470
Albanian	35	20	15	415	220	195
Bosnian	35	15	15	1,030	505	520
Catalan	0	0	0	15	0	15
Croatian	2,435	1,230	1,195	2,930	1,430	1,500
Cypriot	20	10	10	45	25	15
Greek	1,645	785	855	4,130	2,070	2,060
Italian	42,075	21,040	21,035	23,210	11,675	11,530
Kosovar	0	0	0	45	20	25
Macedonian	215	130	85	225	120	110
Maltese	470	250	220	360	165	195
Montenegrin	30	15	10	40	10	30
Portuguese	1,965	1,040	920	14,540	7,215	7,320
Serbian	375	215	165	1,240	660	580
Sicilian	70	45	25	235	110	125
Slovenian	570	275	295	1,005	485	520
Spanish	2,105	805	1,300	12,625	5,680	6,945
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	710	350	365	1,060	540	525
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	30	0	20	65	40	30
Other European origins	1,485	800	675	10,950	5,550	5,400
Basque	25	10	20	100	65	35
Jewish	640	335	300	8,455	4,250	4,200
Roma (Gypsy)	55	25	30	155	70	85
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	20	15	0	185	100	85
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	740	420	320	2,130	1,090	1,040
Caribbean origins	2,280	1,125	1,155	10,805	5,355	5,450
Antiguan	45	20	25	60	20	40
Bahamian	25	15	15	60	35	25
Barbadian	130	50	75	740	390	350
Bermudan	35	15	25	40	30	15
Carib	0	0	0	65	30	40
Cuban	70	30	45	340	155	190
Dominican	90	40	50	275	145	135
Grenadian	25	10	15	160	85	80
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	110	65	45	235	90	150
Jamaican	1,190	620	570	4,585	2,250	2,335
Kittitian/Nevisian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Martinican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montserratan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	70	30	40	70	25	45
St. Lucian	50	30	20	30	20	15
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	240	125	110	2,395	1,240	1,160
Vincentian/Grenadinian	30	20	15	190	90	105
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	170	95	70	1,465	705	760
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	70	30	45	665	360	305
Latin, Central and South American origins	1,665	785	880	23,115	11,555	11,565
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	75	35	45	650	330	320
Arawak	10	10	10	10	10	10
Argentinian	65	30	35	475	230	245
Belizean	0	0	0	200	105	100
Bolivian	15	10	0	300	160	140
Brazilian	75	50	30	830	375	455
Chilean	65	30	35	1,520	720	795
Colombian	135	75	60	1,400	680	715
Costa Rican	10	0	10	65	40	25
Ecuadorian	50	25	25	125	70	55
Guatemalan	45	25	20	505	240	260
Guyanese	170	75	95	1,485	770	715
Hispanic	40	15	25	425	210	220
Honduran	15	15	0	520	245	280
Maya	30	15	20	220	135	80
Mexican	545	235	310	8,790	4,440	4,350
Nicaraguan	10	0	0	370	200	170
Panamanian	0	10	0	50	10	40
Paraguayan	0	0	0	2,080	1,070	1,010
Peruvian	170	80	90	350	130	225
Salvadorean	85	50	35	2,735	1,425	1,315
Uruguayan	25	10	15	35	10	20
Venezuelan	20	0	20	240	95	150
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	40	10	30	1,045	525	520
African origins	2,980	1,505	1,485	28,860	14,980	13,885
Central and West African origins	685	395	295	8,665	4,585	4,085
Akan	0	0	0	35	10	25
Angolan	0	0	0	10	10	0
Ashanti	0	0	0	25	10	10
Beninese	0	0	0	55	45	0
Burkinabe	0	0	0	20	10	10
Cameroonian	45	25	25	145	80	70
Chadian	10	10	0	10	10	0
Congolese	155	90	70	1,575	785	790
Edo	0	0	0	130	85	45
Ewe	0	0	0	15	10	10
Gabonese	0	0	0	25	20	10
Gambian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Ghanaian	95	70	30	380	220	170
Guinean	0	0	0	70	20	50
Ibo	10	10	0	435	205	225
Ivorian	55	30	20	120	45	75
Liberian	0	0	0	80	20	55
Malian	0	0	0	140	85	55
Malinké	0	0	0	35	20	10
Nigerian	230	115	115	3,860	2,130	1,735
Peulh	0	0	0	25	15	15
Senegalese	0	0	0	115	70	40
Sierra Leonean	10	10	10	320	155	165
Togolese	0	0	0	115	60	55
Wolof	0	0	0	25	10	15
Yoruba	35	20	15	1,050	540	510
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	40	25	15	545	260	285
North African origins	485	240	250	3,690	1,980	1,705
Algerian	95	50	45	100	35	60
Berber	20	10	10	150	90	55
Coptic	0	0	0	85	45	40
Dinka	0	0	0	30	25	10
Egyptian	145	80	65	1,335	720	620
Libyan	0	10	10	360	175	185
Maure	0	0	0	100	70	30
Moroccan	45	25	20	350	190	160
Sudanese	40	20	20	1,075	580	500
Tunisian	75	25	50	130	65	60
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	55	25	30	75	40	35
Southern and East African origins	550	285	265	10,500	5,420	5,080
Afrikaner	0	0	0	65	40	30
Amhara	0	0	0	140	100	45
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	0	0	0	150	90	65
Burundian	30	15	20	235	110	125
Djiboutian	10	10	0	45	30	15
Eritrean	15	0	10	2,300	1,240	1,055
Ethiopian	15	10	10	2,900	1,505	1,395
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	55	25	30	335	165	170
Malagasy	10	0	0	25	15	10
Mauritian	10	0	0	245	125	115
Oromo	0	0	0	325	185	140
Rwandan	15	10	0	300	145	155
Seychellois	15	10	0	45	20	30
Somali	50	35	15	1,740	900	845
South African	225	105	120	730	310	420
Tanzanian	10	0	10	90	55	30
Tigrian	0	0	0	320	200	120
Ugandan	10	10	0	255	125	130
Zambian	10	0	0	200	95	110
Zimbabwean	50	30	25	310	150	160
Zulu	0	0	0	30	15	10
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	110	70	40	440	230	210
Other African origins	1,330	620	710	6,670	3,350	3,325
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	230	85	140	825	405	415
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	1,120	540	580	5,925	2,965	2,965
Asian origins	10,970	5,410	5,560	178,655	88,885	89,765
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	2,455	1,320	1,140	11,850	6,130	5,715
Afghan	65	25	35	1,010	485	530
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	390	255	140	1,755	975	785
Armenian	80	45	40	495	250	250
Assyrian	10	0	10	40	30	10
Azerbaijani	15	10	0	55	35	20
Georgian	10	10	0	110	60	45
Hazara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian	245	135	115	1,885	1,015	870
Iraqi	30	20	10	925	480	450
Israeli	40	30	10	775	410	360
Jordanian	25	10	25	235	100	135
Kazakh	10	10	0	335	185	145
Kurd	40	30	15	305	145	160
Kuwaiti	0	0	0	40	20	25
Kyrgyz	0	0	0	45	30	20
Lebanese	885	410	470	1,375	700	675
Palestinian	80	30	50	620	340	275
Pashtun	30	20	10	65	25	40
Saudi Arabian	115	85	35	170	95	70
Syrian	240	140	95	1,115	535	580
Tajik	20	0	15	55	20	40
Tatar	0	0	0	310	155	155
Turk	170	90	75	655	315	340
Turkmen	0	0	0	10	0	0
Uighur	0	0	0	10	10	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	70	45	20
Yemeni	0	0	10	100	45	55
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	90	50	35	305	145	155
South Asian origins	3,320	1,690	1,625	43,155	22,710	20,440
Bangladeshi	85	50	35	880	500	385
Bengali	45	25	20	200	115	85
Bhutanese	0	0	0	140	55	85
East Indian	2,470	1,275	1,195	34,470	18,110	16,355
Goan	15	10	10	50	30	30
Gujarati	25	15	10	220	120	100
Kashmiri	0	0	0	30	10	15
Nepali	60	15	40	500	250	250
Pakistani	375	185	190	3,370	1,795	1,575
Punjabi	50	15	30	3,830	1,995	1,840
Sinhalese	10	10	0	280	145	135
Sri Lankan	190	115	75	1,090	545	545
Tamil	15	0	10	245	145	105
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	155	65	90	725	415	305
East and Southeast Asian origins	5,290	2,450	2,845	124,100	60,175	63,925
Burmese	10	0	0	260	125	135
Cambodian (Khmer)	65	30	30	525	280	240
Chinese	3,055	1,485	1,570	30,150	14,980	15,170
Filipino	1,055	350	705	83,530	39,955	43,580
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	85	40	40	530	265	265
Japanese	330	155	175	2,675	1,305	1,365
Karen	0	0	0	455	195	255
Korean	315	170	145	4,545	2,300	2,240
Laotian	20	10	0	1,730	820	910
Malaysian	35	10	25	470	240	230
Mongolian	20	10	15	150	60	90
Singaporean	0	0	0	20	10	10
Taiwanese	20	10	15	150	90	60
Thai	35	20	20	750	335	420
Tibetan	0	0	0	15	10	10
Vietnamese	495	260	240	5,850	2,915	2,935
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	0	0	0	145	70	80
Other Asian origins	40	20	15	575	320	260
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	40	25	15	575	320	260
Oceania origins	520	265	260	1,525	740	785
Australian	425	210	210	910	415	495
New Zealander	50	30	25	315	170	140
Pacific Islands origins	55	30	30	345	180	165
Fijian	15	10	10	80	45	30
Hawaiian	15	10	10	60	30	30
Maori	0	10	0	55	30	25
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	10	10	0	95	45	45
Samoan	0	0	0	25	0	15
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	10	10	10	65	30	35
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	238,530	...	...	489,050	...	...
Owner	167,185	...	...	336,170	...	...
Renter	70,005	...	...	140,260	...	...
Band housing	1,335	...	...	12,620	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	238,530	...	...	489,050	...	...
Condominium	5,195	...	...	33,325	...	...
Not condominium	233,335	...	...	455,725	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	238,530	...	...	489,050	...	...
No bedrooms	650	...	...	3,745	...	...
1 bedroom	26,645	...	...	63,040	...	...
2 bedrooms	58,805	...	...	121,520	...	...
3 bedrooms	96,595	...	...	175,500	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	55,835	...	...	125,240	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	238,530	...	...	489,050	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	54,565	...	...	132,410	...	...
5 rooms	39,065	...	...	82,935	...	...
6 rooms	40,765	...	...	78,750	...	...
7 rooms	34,855	...	...	64,560	...	...
8 or more rooms	69,280	...	...	130,400	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.3	...	...	6.1	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	238,530	...	...	489,050	...	...
One person or fewer per room	237,385	...	...	473,625	...	...
More than 1 person per room	1,140	...	...	15,420	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	238,530	...	...	489,050	...	...
Suitable	232,905	...	...	456,365	...	...
Not suitable	5,620	...	...	32,680	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	238,530	...	...	489,050	...	...
1960 or before	78,100	...	...	142,200	...	...
1961 to 1980	86,025	...	...	158,180	...	...
1981 to 1990	30,760	...	...	65,190	...	...
1991 to 2000	21,530	...	...	42,740	...	...
2001 to 2005	6,685	...	...	20,815	...	...
2006 to 2010	8,305	...	...	27,880	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	7,125	...	...	32,035	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	238,530	...	...	489,050	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	216,690	...	...	444,995	...	...
Major repairs needed	21,840	...	...	44,055	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	238,530	...	...	489,050	...	...
1 household maintainer	148,430	...	...	290,830	...	...
2 household maintainers	87,160	...	...	187,775	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	2,935	...	...	10,445	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	238,530	...	...	489,050	...	...
15 to 24 years	7,580	...	...	17,240	...	...
25 to 34 years	28,840	...	...	74,950	...	...
35 to 44 years	33,160	...	...	84,800	...	...
45 to 54 years	45,650	...	...	95,135	...	...
55 to 64 years	51,560	...	...	96,255	...	...
65 to 74 years	40,260	...	...	67,475	...	...
75 to 84 years	23,425	...	...	37,760	...	...
85 years and over	8,050	...	...	15,440	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	231,595	...	...	461,870	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	181,020	...	...	373,860	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	50,575	...	...	88,010	...	...
30% to less than 100%	45,695	...	...	76,075	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	162,995	...	...	324,120	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	55.4	...	...	60.4	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	13.0	...	...	11.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	942	...	...	973	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,099	...	...	1,085	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	219,732	...	...	275,473	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	252,568	...	...	297,444	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	68,835	...	...	138,905	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	20.1	...	...	19.4	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	42.7	...	...	36.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	806	...	...	868	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	840	...	...	891	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	456,170	223,750	232,420	1,001,305	491,580	509,725
No certificate, diploma or degree	101,945	52,135	49,810	220,390	116,570	103,820
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	122,390	58,050	64,345	296,355	147,040	149,320
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	231,830	113,570	118,260	484,555	227,975	256,585
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	42,155	32,475	9,685	77,000	54,090	22,910
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	20,785	14,500	6,290	37,490	21,985	15,500
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	21,370	17,980	3,395	39,515	32,110	7,410
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	118,675	51,245	67,430	177,620	72,785	104,840
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	6,625	2,735	3,890	28,940	12,075	16,860
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	64,370	27,110	37,265	200,990	89,020	111,970
Bachelor's degree	46,905	18,525	28,380	143,780	61,350	82,430
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	4,915	2,105	2,815	16,040	6,675	9,365
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	1,920	1,270	650	6,105	3,515	2,595
Master's degree	9,090	4,195	4,895	29,305	13,830	15,470
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	1,535	1,010	525	5,765	3,645	2,115
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	288,370	141,660	146,705	654,670	323,300	331,370
No certificate, diploma or degree	38,435	21,330	17,105	94,310	54,700	39,610
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	75,730	37,220	38,510	182,335	93,000	89,330
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	174,205	83,115	91,095	378,030	175,595	202,435
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	27,575	21,320	6,250	53,800	38,185	15,620
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	13,630	9,615	4,020	25,955	15,460	10,490
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	13,945	11,710	2,230	27,850	22,725	5,125
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	93,355	40,340	53,015	137,930	57,445	80,485
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	4,410	1,905	2,505	21,215	8,995	12,220
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	48,870	19,545	29,325	165,085	70,970	94,115
Bachelor's degree	35,770	13,720	22,050	119,150	50,120	69,035
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	3,610	1,425	2,185	12,185	4,840	7,350
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	1,475	890	590	5,075	2,705	2,370
Master's degree	6,880	2,830	4,050	24,410	10,815	13,595
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	1,130	685	450	4,270	2,495	1,770
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	456,165	223,750	232,420	1,001,305	491,585	509,725
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	224,335	110,180	114,160	516,750	263,605	253,140
Education	15,805	3,840	11,970	44,855	11,705	33,145
13. Education	15,805	3,845	11,965	44,855	11,710	33,145
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	4,625	2,230	2,395	13,170	6,230	6,940
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	1,045	780	260	2,415	1,860	550
50. Visual and performing arts	3,580	1,445	2,135	10,755	4,365	6,390
Humanities	8,100	3,165	4,930	23,030	9,915	13,110
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	635	130	505	1,775	400	1,380
23. English language and literature/letters	1,890	500	1,385	3,905	1,110	2,795
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,975	715	1,260	7,065	2,820	4,240
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	50	10	40	60	25	30
38. Philosophy and religious studies	695	340	350	1,590	940	650
39. Theology and religious vocations	835	495	340	4,510	2,590	1,925
54. History	1,490	850	640	3,410	1,855	1,555
55. French language and literature/letters	535	125	405	705	175	530
Social and behavioural sciences and law	23,195	6,755	16,435	46,555	15,805	30,750
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	415	105	310	880	220	660
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	1,780	615	1,165	3,115	1,225	1,890
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	6,075	470	5,600	10,760	795	9,965
22. Legal professions and studies	3,725	1,275	2,450	7,130	2,365	4,760
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	480	95	385	955	305	650
42. Psychology	4,285	965	3,320	8,155	2,385	5,770
45. Social sciences	6,430	3,230	3,205	15,565	8,510	7,055
Business, management and public administration	39,415	11,705	27,705	95,115	34,865	60,255
30.16 Accounting and computer science	80	15	60	320	105	210
44. Public administration and social service professions	6,925	1,210	5,710	7,670	1,875	5,790
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	32,410	10,480	21,935	87,125	32,875	54,250
Physical and life sciences and technologies	6,360	3,440	2,925	16,120	8,165	7,950
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	2,810	1,200	1,605	6,625	2,990	3,640
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	795	410	390	4,325	2,285	2,040
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	80	15	60	470	70	395
40. Physical sciences	2,140	1,535	600	3,685	2,585	1,095
41. Science technologies/technicians	540	270	270	1,020	240	780
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	5,245	3,160	2,085	18,425	11,380	7,050
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	4,070	2,685	1,385	15,225	10,050	5,175
25. Library science	410	35	380	1,140	175	965
27. Mathematics and statistics	695	390	300	1,945	1,080	865
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	75	55	20	120	75	40
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	59,955	56,905	3,050	96,625	89,275	7,350
04. Architecture and related services	790	610	185	2,420	1,380	1,040
14. Engineering	4,570	4,050	520	16,205	13,530	2,675
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	15,325	13,980	1,345	17,815	15,975	1,845
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	11,980	11,660	320	22,160	21,705	450
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	18,680	18,285	395	27,485	26,650	830
48. Precision production	8,605	8,330	275	10,530	10,030	505
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	6,000	4,300	1,700	14,540	10,260	4,275
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	1,740	1,030	710	11,380	8,280	3,100
03. Natural resources and conservation	4,255	3,265	990	3,160	1,980	1,180
Health and related fields	43,220	7,100	36,120	87,795	16,505	71,290
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	2,915	1,510	1,405	4,105	1,945	2,155
51. Health professions and related programs	39,710	5,170	34,540	81,865	13,450	68,415
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	595	415	175	1,825	1,110	715
Personal, protective and transportation services	19,875	10,955	8,920	28,275	13,845	14,435
12. Personal and culinary services	8,675	1,960	6,715	16,750	4,095	12,655
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	40	35	0	90	85	10
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	145	140	10	240	230	10
43. Security and protective services	5,785	3,965	1,820	5,005	3,680	1,330
49. Transportation and materials moving	5,225	4,855	370	6,185	5,750	435
Other	40	10	35	60	30	35
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	40	10	35	60	25	35
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	288,370	141,660	146,705	654,670	323,300	331,375
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	114,165	58,545	55,615	276,645	147,710	128,935
Education	10,415	2,310	8,105	31,645	7,860	23,785
13. Education	10,415	2,310	8,110	31,650	7,865	23,785
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	3,495	1,655	1,840	10,350	4,875	5,475
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	750	545	205	1,815	1,335	480
50. Visual and performing arts	2,745	1,110	1,635	8,540	3,545	4,990
Humanities	5,390	2,040	3,345	17,250	7,370	9,880
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	480	95	385	1,485	330	1,155
23. English language and literature/letters	1,230	300	930	2,930	810	2,120
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,430	525	905	5,420	2,245	3,180
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	45	15	35	55	30	30
38. Philosophy and religious studies	360	165	195	1,230	715	515
39. Theology and religious vocations	520	320	200	3,255	1,835	1,420
54. History	1,020	575	445	2,365	1,275	1,090
55. French language and literature/letters	310	50	250	505	135	370
Social and behavioural sciences and law	18,545	5,010	13,535	38,120	12,380	25,740
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	275	75	210	740	185	555
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	1,515	545	970	2,575	965	1,610
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	5,040	355	4,685	8,805	605	8,195
22. Legal professions and studies	3,145	960	2,190	6,085	1,795	4,285
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	415	80	330	815	265	550
42. Psychology	3,285	640	2,645	6,370	1,720	4,645
45. Social sciences	4,865	2,365	2,500	12,730	6,835	5,895
Business, management and public administration	31,060	8,780	22,285	76,370	27,865	48,495
30.16 Accounting and computer science	50	15	40	270	95	175
44. Public administration and social service professions	5,760	970	4,790	6,145	1,335	4,810
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	25,250	7,795	17,455	69,950	26,440	43,510
Physical and life sciences and technologies	4,715	2,440	2,275	12,195	5,930	6,270
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	2,110	895	1,215	5,290	2,265	3,025
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	565	270	290	3,005	1,595	1,405
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	55	15	45	405	65	345
40. Physical sciences	1,590	1,080	515	2,805	1,855	950
41. Science technologies/technicians	390	180	210	690	150	545
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	4,345	2,610	1,735	15,955	9,965	5,985
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	3,500	2,295	1,205	13,600	9,015	4,585
25. Library science	290	20	270	790	135	650
27. Mathematics and statistics	495	250	240	1,465	760	700
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	60	40	20	100	60	45
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	43,545	41,105	2,445	73,680	67,440	6,240
04. Architecture and related services	590	440	150	2,025	1,160	865
14. Engineering	3,385	2,960	430	13,705	11,305	2,405
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	11,675	10,575	1,095	13,840	12,265	1,575
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	10	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	8,260	8,000	260	16,060	15,690	365
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	13,615	13,320	295	20,395	19,765	625
48. Precision production	6,020	5,810	210	7,655	7,250	405
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	4,635	3,185	1,450	11,450	7,800	3,645
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	1,325	715	610	8,760	6,170	2,590
03. Natural resources and conservation	3,310	2,470	840	2,695	1,635	1,060
Health and related fields	32,510	5,445	27,070	69,600	13,415	56,185
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	2,285	1,175	1,115	3,310	1,585	1,715
51. Health professions and related programs	29,755	3,965	25,790	64,870	11,020	53,850
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	470	305	165	1,430	810	620
Personal, protective and transportation services	15,505	8,525	6,980	21,365	10,660	10,705
12. Personal and culinary services	6,520	1,430	5,090	12,255	2,980	9,275
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	40	35	0	90	85	10
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	70	65	0	110	105	0
43. Security and protective services	4,725	3,175	1,550	4,025	2,945	1,080
49. Transportation and materials moving	4,150	3,820	335	4,885	4,545	340
Other	35	10	35	50	30	25
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	35	0	30	50	25	25
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	456,170	223,745	232,420	1,001,305	491,585	509,725
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	224,340	110,180	114,160	516,750	263,610	253,145
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	231,830	113,570	118,260	484,555	227,975	256,585
Location of study inside Canada	220,440	107,490	112,945	403,775	188,230	215,540
Same as province or territory of residence	210,895	102,655	108,245	352,390	162,050	190,340
Different than province or territory of residence	9,540	4,835	4,705	51,385	26,185	25,200
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	11,390	6,080	5,315	80,785	39,745	41,040
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	4,640	2,525	2,120	9,155	4,910	4,245
Philippines	345	90	255	26,450	11,595	14,860
India	685	330	355	10,365	5,300	5,070
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	1,520	845	675	4,180	2,350	1,825
China^{Census data footnote 162}	175	50	125	2,865	1,330	1,535
France	100	50	45	395	235	165
Other	3,930	2,190	1,745	27,375	14,030	13,345
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	288,365	141,660	146,705	654,670	323,300	331,375
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	114,160	58,550	55,615	276,640	147,705	128,935
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	174,200	83,110	91,090	378,035	175,595	202,440
Location of study inside Canada	166,915	79,510	87,405	309,655	142,710	166,950
Same as province or territory of residence	160,270	76,135	84,135	270,435	123,090	147,340
Different than province or territory of residence	6,640	3,380	3,265	39,225	19,615	19,610
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	7,290	3,600	3,690	68,375	32,885	35,485
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	3,210	1,630	1,585	6,215	3,005	3,210
Philippines	270	65	205	24,495	10,775	13,720
India	595	295	300	9,430	4,770	4,660
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	610	335	275	2,465	1,385	1,080
China^{Census data footnote 162}	165	50	115	2,630	1,210	1,420
France	65	30	30	340	195	145
Other	2,375	1,195	1,180	22,805	11,555	11,255
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	456,165	223,750	232,420	1,001,305	491,580	509,725
In the labour force	267,400	138,310	129,085	662,155	347,685	314,465
Employed	242,415	123,010	119,400	617,465	322,130	295,335
Unemployed	24,985	15,295	9,685	44,690	25,560	19,130
Not in the labour force	188,770	85,440	103,335	339,155	143,895	195,260
Participation rate	58.6	61.8	55.5	66.1	70.7	61.7
Employment rate	53.1	55.0	51.4	61.7	65.5	57.9
Unemployment rate	9.3	11.1	7.5	6.7	7.4	6.1
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	456,165	223,750	232,420	1,001,310	491,585	509,725
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	174,030	77,435	96,595	312,495	131,600	180,900
Worked	282,135	146,315	135,820	688,810	359,980	328,830
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	140,180	77,795	62,385	358,800	206,460	152,330
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	141,960	68,525	73,435	330,010	153,520	176,495
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.1	42.1	42.1	42.9	43.5	42.3
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	267,395	138,310	129,085	662,155	347,685	314,465
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	5,440	2,755	2,690	12,625	6,125	6,505
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	261,955	135,555	126,395	649,530	341,560	307,965
Employee	237,945	120,695	117,250	580,885	296,560	284,325
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	24,005	14,860	9,145	68,645	45,000	23,640
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	267,400	138,315	129,090	662,155	347,690	314,470
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	5,445	2,755	2,690	12,625	6,125	6,505
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	261,955	135,555	126,395	649,525	341,565	307,965
0 Management occupations	24,115	14,630	9,490	71,455	45,945	25,510
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	36,185	8,505	27,680	96,050	27,530	68,515
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	13,425	10,700	2,725	34,135	26,895	7,240
3 Health occupations	21,965	3,755	18,210	52,280	10,830	41,450
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	32,050	9,455	22,595	86,055	27,425	58,630
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	4,560	1,835	2,725	14,355	6,025	8,325
6 Sales and service occupations	62,525	24,520	38,005	144,490	62,735	81,760
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	47,380	44,575	2,805	102,660	97,500	5,160
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	11,445	10,500	945	18,400	14,490	3,910
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	8,300	7,080	1,220	29,650	22,180	7,475
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	267,400	138,310	129,085	662,155	347,685	314,465
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	5,445	2,750	2,690	12,625	6,120	6,500
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	261,955	135,555	126,395	649,525	341,560	307,965
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	4,870	3,635	1,240	28,680	20,765	7,920
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	15,525	14,050	1,475	5,460	4,830	635
22 Utilities	2,535	1,980	555	7,390	5,625	1,765
23 Construction	21,080	18,825	2,255	49,575	43,990	5,585
31-33 Manufacturing	16,625	13,995	2,635	54,645	40,800	13,845
41 Wholesale trade	6,170	4,830	1,340	21,890	16,040	5,850
44-45 Retail trade	33,295	15,225	18,070	69,700	33,960	35,740
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	12,270	9,020	3,255	35,490	28,350	7,145
51 Information and cultural industries	3,285	1,650	1,635	10,875	6,085	4,790
52 Finance and insurance	6,055	1,965	4,090	25,885	9,615	16,270
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	3,605	2,130	1,475	8,235	4,565	3,670
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	10,365	5,245	5,120	28,470	14,790	13,680
55 Management of companies and enterprises	135	95	45	635	250	380
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	10,950	6,075	4,870	22,285	13,105	9,170
61 Educational services	20,805	5,930	14,870	55,025	17,480	37,540
62 Health care and social assistance	39,260	6,125	33,135	93,960	18,345	75,615
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	4,895	2,490	2,410	12,980	6,620	6,360
72 Accommodation and food services	19,470	7,015	12,460	43,655	17,430	26,230
81 Other services (except public administration)	11,140	5,510	5,630	28,055	13,740	14,315
91 Public administration	19,620	9,770	9,850	46,645	25,180	21,465
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	242,415	123,015	119,400	617,465	322,125	295,335
Worked at home	12,440	6,115	6,330	42,530	23,485	19,050
Worked outside Canada	525	335	190	1,935	1,305	630
No fixed workplace address	26,830	20,240	6,590	68,420	52,715	15,710
Worked at usual place	202,625	96,330	106,290	504,580	244,620	259,960
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	202,620	96,325	106,295	504,580	244,620	259,960
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	159,205	73,520	85,685	384,465	181,650	202,820
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	27,160	13,275	13,890	50,350	23,760	26,580
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	14,970	8,480	6,485	66,495	37,055	29,435
Commute to a different province or territory	1,280	1,045	230	3,275	2,150	1,120
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	229,450	116,565	112,885	573,005	297,335	275,665
Car, truck, van - as a driver	186,505	96,830	89,670	431,755	237,860	193,895
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	15,750	6,875	8,875	40,595	14,520	26,070
Public transit	7,730	3,320	4,415	53,740	21,780	31,955
Walked	14,590	6,205	8,385	32,330	13,815	18,520
Bicycle	1,485	1,125	365	8,175	5,670	2,505
Other method	3,395	2,215	1,175	6,410	3,695	2,715
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	229,450	116,570	112,885	573,000	297,340	275,665
Less than 15 minutes	104,230	48,095	56,135	185,120	87,795	97,320
15 to 29 minutes	75,550	38,150	37,400	208,570	108,680	99,890
30 to 44 minutes	28,105	15,775	12,330	115,090	63,555	51,535
45 to 59 minutes	10,380	6,265	4,115	36,755	20,485	16,270
60 minutes and over	11,190	8,285	2,905	27,470	16,820	10,650
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	229,450	116,570	112,885	573,000	297,335	275,665
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	17,435	13,655	3,780	28,060	20,145	7,915
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	41,330	26,230	15,100	104,545	65,630	38,925
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	63,290	32,240	31,045	168,760	90,125	78,630
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	52,295	18,230	34,065	126,090	50,885	75,200
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	19,475	7,100	12,370	53,120	22,305	30,810
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	35,635	19,115	16,525	92,430	48,240	44,190
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	290,610	150,225	140,390	710,830	370,255	340,575
Single responses	281,950	146,505	135,450	702,445	366,000	336,445
Official languages	281,175	146,105	135,070	694,855	361,770	333,090
English	263,705	139,300	124,410	688,400	359,660	328,730
French	17,465	6,805	10,660	6,455	2,100	4,355
Non-official languages	775	395	375	7,590	4,235	3,360
Aboriginal languages	240	110	125	1,815	1,025	800
Algonquian languages	230	110	125	1,755	990	755
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	90	45	45	985	565	420
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	95	45	45	980	565	415
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	135	60	75	770	430	335
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	135	50	75	230	125	110
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	535	310	230
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	55	25	30
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	60	25	30
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	55	30	30
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	10
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	10	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	535	285	250	5,770	3,215	2,560
Afro-Asiatic languages	10	10	0	300	155	145
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	30	10	20
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	30	10	20
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	10	10	0	270	145	125
Amharic	0	0	0	15	0	10
Arabic	0	10	0	105	70	40
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	115	50	65
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	35	25	10
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10	10	0	140	35	100
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	10	10	0	140	35	100
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	485	245	240
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	10	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	10	10	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	470	235	240
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	10	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	340	160	175	3,115	1,865	1,255
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	10	0	10	480	245	235
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	10	480	245	235
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	15	10	10
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	65	50	20
Russian	0	0	10	280	145	135
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	110	40	70
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	265	130	135	1,300	790	505
Afrikaans	0	0	0	10	10	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	15	10	10	40	10	30
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	250	125	130	950	585	370
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Swedish	0	0	10	0	10	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	10	10	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	290	185	105
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	10	0	10	755	505	260
Indo-Aryan languages	10	0	10	685	455	225
Bengali	0	0	0	20	0	15
Gujarati	10	0	0	10	10	10
Hindi	0	0	0	40	40	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	10	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	605	400	210
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	10	0	10
Iranian languages	0	0	0	75	45	30
Kurdish	0	0	0	10	10	10
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	65	45	20
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	55	35	25	580	330	245
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	10	0	0	20	10	10
Portuguese	20	20	0	330	215	115
Romanian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Spanish	25	10	15	220	100	125
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	10	0	10	10	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	305	150	150
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	15	15	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	10	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	10	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	35	25	0	210	80	135
American Sign Language	20	15	10	155	65	95
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	15	10	0	55	15	45
Sino-Tibetan languages	125	80	45	1,170	650	515
Chinese languages	125	80	45	1,160	650	515
Cantonese	70	50	30	690	380	315
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	40	15	20	440	255	185
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	10	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	10	0	25	10	10
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	10	10	10
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	15	0	10
Lao	0	0	0	10	0	10
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	20	0	10	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	10	0	10	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	10	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	8,665	3,720	4,945	8,390	4,255	4,125
English and French	8,270	3,545	4,725	2,655	1,150	1,505
English and non-official language	330	135	195	5,680	3,085	2,590
French and non-official language	10	0	10	10	0	0
English, French and non-official language	60	35	20	45	20	30
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	290,610	150,220	140,390	710,835	370,255	340,575
None	237,655	125,535	112,125	662,595	346,710	315,885
English	11,120	4,665	6,455	8,550	3,690	4,855
French	39,270	18,790	20,485	13,320	5,825	7,495
Non-official language	2,385	1,145	1,240	25,960	13,815	12,145
Aboriginal	1,245	520	730	6,500	3,245	3,255
Non-Aboriginal	1,140	630	510	19,460	10,575	8,890
English and French	0	0	0	10	0	10
English and non-official language	20	20	10	65	45	20
French and non-official language	150	70	80	335	160	175
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	10	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	533,415	263,145	270,265	1,225,480	606,585	618,895
Non-movers	471,690	233,505	238,185	1,064,380	527,020	537,360
Movers	61,725	29,645	32,080	161,100	79,570	81,535
Non-migrants	40,035	18,935	21,100	105,090	52,025	53,065
Migrants	21,690	10,710	10,980	56,010	27,545	28,465
Internal migrants	20,635	10,195	10,440	41,305	20,285	21,020
Intraprovincial migrants	18,695	9,160	9,530	30,395	14,720	15,675
Interprovincial migrants	1,940	1,035	905	10,915	5,565	5,345
External migrants	1,060	515	545	14,705	7,260	7,445
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	511,745	251,950	259,795	1,161,240	573,310	587,930
Non-movers	340,760	169,310	171,450	718,640	355,585	363,050
Movers	170,985	82,645	88,345	442,600	217,725	224,875
Non-migrants	106,080	51,155	54,925	261,015	128,560	132,455
Migrants	64,905	31,480	33,420	181,585	89,165	92,420
Internal migrants	61,360	29,725	31,630	117,135	56,880	60,260
Intraprovincial migrants	55,740	26,810	28,930	86,295	41,295	45,000
Interprovincial migrants	5,615	2,920	2,695	30,840	15,580	15,260
External migrants	3,550	1,760	1,790	64,445	32,285	32,165

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

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Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

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Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

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Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

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Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

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Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

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Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

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Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

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Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

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Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

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Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

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Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

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Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

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Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

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Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 35 referrer

Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 36 referrer

Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 37 referrer

Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 38 referrer

Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

Return to footnote 39 referrer

Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Northeast [Economic region], Ontario and Manitoba [Province] (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 17, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Northeast [Economic region], Ontario and Manitoba [Province]

Census Profile, 2016 Census Northeast [Economic region], Ontario and Manitoba [Province]

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Northeast [Economic region], Ontario and Manitoba [Province]