Census Profile, 2016 Census
Northwest [Economic region], Ontario and Alberta [Province]

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Northwest Ontario [Economic region]			Alberta [Province]
	Data quality , Northwest [Economic region], Ontario Map : Northwest [Economic region], Ontario Change geography 1			Data quality : Alberta [Province] Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	231,691	...	...	4,067,175	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	224,034	...	...	3,645,257	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	3.4	...	...	11.6	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	114,959	...	...	1,654,129	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	95,362	...	...	1,527,678	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	0.4	...	...	6.4	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	526,478.23	...	...	640,330.46	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	231,695	115,160	116,530	4,067,175	2,039,410	2,027,765
0 to 14 years	39,820	20,495	19,325	779,155	399,570	379,580
0 to 4 years	12,970	6,725	6,240	266,515	136,520	129,995
5 to 9 years	13,710	7,010	6,695	270,715	138,990	131,725
10 to 14 years	13,140	6,755	6,385	241,920	124,060	117,860
15 to 64 years	150,405	75,295	75,110	2,787,805	1,408,150	1,379,655
15 to 19 years	13,990	7,280	6,710	240,035	123,625	116,410
20 to 24 years	15,055	7,725	7,330	261,830	133,990	127,840
25 to 29 years	14,245	7,175	7,070	310,940	156,715	154,225
30 to 34 years	13,165	6,535	6,625	333,175	167,555	165,620
35 to 39 years	12,820	6,265	6,560	305,505	153,655	151,850
40 to 44 years	13,065	6,415	6,650	281,205	142,545	138,660
45 to 49 years	14,505	7,090	7,415	269,030	135,855	133,180
50 to 54 years	17,770	8,765	9,010	284,310	142,205	142,100
55 to 59 years	19,130	9,585	9,545	275,540	138,565	136,970
60 to 64 years	16,660	8,455	8,200	226,230	113,440	112,790
65 years and over	41,465	19,375	22,095	500,215	231,690	268,530
65 to 69 years	14,250	7,205	7,045	173,680	85,500	88,180
70 to 74 years	9,430	4,605	4,825	117,035	56,430	60,610
75 to 79 years	7,060	3,290	3,770	83,955	39,105	44,845
80 to 84 years	5,240	2,350	2,890	62,165	27,590	34,575
85 years and over	5,480	1,920	3,560	63,385	23,065	40,320
85 to 89 years	3,375	1,315	2,065	39,965	16,050	23,915
90 to 94 years	1,640	510	1,135	18,025	5,755	12,275
95 to 99 years	400	95	305	4,735	1,145	3,595
100 years and over	65	10	50	650	115	535
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	17.2	17.8	16.6	19.2	19.6	18.7
15 to 64 years	64.9	65.4	64.5	68.5	69.0	68.0
65 years and over	17.9	16.8	19.0	12.3	11.4	13.2
85 years and over	2.4	1.7	3.1	1.6	1.1	2.0
Average age of the population	41.5	40.7	42.3	37.8	37.2	38.4
Median age of the population	42.6	41.7	43.5	36.7	36.2	37.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	95,365	...	...	1,527,675	...	...
Single-detached house	72,005	...	...	946,225	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	2,735	...	...	62,395	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	18,930	...	...	471,090	...	...
Semi-detached house	2,850	...	...	86,765	...	...
Row house	2,340	...	...	116,625	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	3,080	...	...	43,090	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	10,385	...	...	223,360	...	...
Other single-attached house	270	...	...	1,245	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	1,690	...	...	47,970	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	95,365	...	...	1,527,675	...	...
1 person	28,465	...	...	366,080	...	...
2 persons	34,240	...	...	524,415	...	...
3 persons	13,655	...	...	245,075	...	...
4 persons	11,360	...	...	233,770	...	...
5 or more persons	7,640	...	...	158,335	...	...
Number of persons in private households	227,455	...	...	3,978,145	...	...
Average household size	2.4	...	...	2.6	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	191,870	94,670	97,200	3,288,020	1,639,835	1,648,185
Married or living common law	108,180	54,070	54,115	1,969,300	988,410	980,895
Married	84,025	42,045	41,980	1,648,945	828,155	820,790
Living common law	24,160	12,025	12,130	320,350	160,250	160,100
Not married and not living common law	83,690	40,605	43,090	1,318,720	651,430	667,290
Never married	53,875	29,910	23,965	905,700	505,310	400,390
Separated	6,260	2,865	3,390	76,150	34,000	42,150
Divorced	10,610	4,950	5,660	195,850	82,040	113,815
Widowed	12,945	2,865	10,075	141,020	30,080	110,940
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	65,865	...	...	1,114,585	...	...
2 persons	35,980	...	...	540,850	...	...
3 persons	13,685	...	...	235,245	...	...
4 persons	10,695	...	...	227,165	...	...
5 or more persons	5,505	...	...	111,330	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	65,865	...	...	1,114,585	...	...
Total couple families	53,045	...	...	953,325	...	...
Married couples	40,970	...	...	793,195	...	...
Common-law couples	12,075	...	...	160,130	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	12,815	...	...	161,260	...	...
Female parent	9,555	...	...	123,490	...	...
Male parent	3,260	...	...	37,770	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	53,045	...	...	953,325	...	...
Couples without children	28,325	...	...	443,665	...	...
Couples with children	24,725	...	...	509,655	...	...
1 child	10,225	...	...	190,010	...	...
2 children	9,560	...	...	213,910	...	...
3 or more children	4,940	...	...	105,735	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	12,820	...	...	161,260	...	...
1 child	7,660	...	...	97,180	...	...
2 children	3,460	...	...	45,235	...	...
3 or more children	1,700	...	...	18,845	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	41,295	20,760	20,540	678,535	356,875	321,655
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	95,365	...	...	1,527,675	...	...
One-census-family households	61,665	...	...	1,039,985	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	27,165	...	...	414,570	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	34,505	...	...	625,415	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	2,025	...	...	36,120	...	...
Non-census-family households	31,675	...	...	451,570	...	...
One-person households	28,465	...	...	366,080	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	3,210	...	...	85,490	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	229,190	114,080	115,110	4,026,650	2,020,510	2,006,140
English only	211,890	106,295	105,590	3,698,765	1,869,670	1,829,095
French only	295	155	140	3,895	1,725	2,165
English and French	16,000	7,250	8,755	264,720	124,400	140,315
Neither English nor French	1,005	380	620	59,280	24,715	34,565
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	229,190	114,085	115,105	4,026,650	2,020,510	2,006,140
English	222,260	110,720	111,545	3,880,685	1,950,980	1,929,705
French	5,785	2,920	2,875	71,535	37,205	34,330
English and French	205	105	95	16,605	8,350	8,255
Neither English nor French	935	345	595	57,830	23,970	33,860
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	5,895	2,970	2,925	79,840	41,380	38,455
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	2.6	2.6	2.5	2.0	2.0	1.9
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	229,190	114,080	115,110	4,026,650	2,020,510	2,006,140
Single responses	225,995	112,550	113,445	3,934,580	1,975,615	1,958,970
Official languages	195,500	97,905	97,600	3,063,640	1,552,475	1,511,165
English	189,265	94,780	94,485	2,991,485	1,515,025	1,476,460
French	6,240	3,125	3,115	72,150	37,450	34,705
Non-official languages	30,500	14,645	15,850	870,940	423,140	447,805
Aboriginal languages	15,040	7,365	7,670	23,835	11,290	12,550
Algonquian languages	15,010	7,355	7,660	18,295	8,665	9,630
Blackfoot	0	0	0	2,750	1,305	1,445
Cree-Montagnais languages	2,865	1,500	1,360	14,960	7,105	7,850
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	5	0
Moose Cree	10	0	5	10	0	5
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	10	0	0	50	15	35
Plains Cree	5	0	5	720	280	435
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	35	15	25	50	20	35
Woods Cree	5	5	0	910	430	480
Cree, n.o.s.	2,805	1,480	1,325	13,220	6,355	6,865
Eastern Algonquian languages	10	5	5	30	15	15
Malecite	0	0	0	0	5	0
Mi'kmaq	5	5	0	35	20	15
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	12,145	5,850	6,295	550	235	315
Algonquin	0	5	0	5	0	5
Ojibway	5,880	2,850	3,030	525	230	300
Oji-Cree	6,255	2,995	3,260	15	5	15
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	5	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	5
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	1,865	865	1,000
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	1,855	860	990
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	35	15	15
Carrier	0	0	0	15	0	15
Chilcotin	0	0	0	5	0	0
Dene	0	0	5	1,470	710	760
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	40	10	30
Gwich'in	0	0	0	15	5	10
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	70	20	45
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	200	90	115
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	10	5	10
South Slavey	0	0	0	155	70	80
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	35	15	25
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	5	0	5
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	120	35	85
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	25	5	10
Inuktitut	0	0	0	60	20	45
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	10	30
Iroquoian languages	5	0	5	10	10	5
Cayuga	0	0	5	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	5	5	5
Oneida	0	0	0	0	5	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	5
Kutenai	0	0	0	5	0	0
Michif	5	5	0	80	45	35
Salish languages	0	0	0	15	5	10
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	5	5
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	5	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	5
Siouan languages	0	0	0	3,370	1,630	1,745
Dakota	0	0	0	350	165	185
Stoney	0	0	0	3,020	1,460	1,555
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	5	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	15	5	5
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	10	5	5
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	5	5	5
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	5
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	5	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	20	10	10	55	30	25
Non-Aboriginal languages	15,455	7,280	8,175	847,105	411,850	435,255
Afro-Asiatic languages	325	190	130	68,415	36,215	32,200
Berber languages	0	5	0	340	190	145
Kabyle	0	0	5	165	90	75
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	175	100	75
Cushitic languages	5	5	5	12,525	6,495	6,030
Bilen	0	0	0	315	185	130
Oromo	0	0	0	2,650	1,375	1,275
Somali	0	0	0	9,520	4,915	4,605
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	20	20
Semitic languages	310	190	125	55,425	29,450	25,980
Amharic	10	5	5	7,320	3,605	3,720
Arabic	290	175	115	40,540	21,840	18,705
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	5	0	0	400	210	190
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	145	80	65
Harari	0	0	0	260	135	120
Hebrew	5	0	5	960	505	460
Maltese	0	0	0	75	30	40
Tigrigna	0	5	0	5,415	2,880	2,535
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	305	155	145
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	130	80	50
Austro-Asiatic languages	160	60	95	25,295	11,760	13,535
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	0	5	1,925	910	1,010
Vietnamese	150	60	90	23,350	10,840	12,505
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	25	10	15
Austronesian languages	495	165	330	115,405	50,190	65,210
Bikol	5	5	5	425	205	225
Cebuano	25	10	20	5,135	2,155	2,980
Fijian	5	0	0	125	75	50
Hiligaynon	5	0	5	1,500	640	855
Ilocano	15	5	10	5,350	2,310	3,040
Malagasy	0	0	0	35	10	25
Malay	20	5	15	1,460	615	845
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	5	0	5	765	370	390
Pangasinan	0	0	0	290	115	175
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	405	130	275	99,035	43,120	55,920
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	305	145	160
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	10	980	430	550
Creole languages	20	15	10	1,895	990	910
Haitian Creole	5	5	0	95	45	50
Creole, n.o.s.	5	5	0	1,175	640	540
Creole languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	625	305	325
Dravidian languages	215	115	100	13,490	7,075	6,415
Kannada	10	5	5	535	270	265
Malayalam	135	65	70	6,345	3,285	3,060
Tamil	45	30	15	4,430	2,360	2,070
Telugu	25	15	10	2,130	1,135	995
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	50	25	25
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	105	55	45
Indo-European languages	10,465	4,995	5,475	442,685	220,330	222,355
Albanian	5	5	0	2,345	1,270	1,075
Armenian	5	0	0	500	250	245
Balto-Slavic languages	2,925	1,245	1,680	80,330	37,750	42,580
Baltic languages	40	15	25	1,010	475	535
Latvian	25	10	10	415	195	220
Lithuanian	15	0	10	600	285	315
Slavic languages	2,885	1,230	1,655	79,325	37,275	42,050
Belarusan	0	5	0	65	30	30
Bosnian	0	0	5	1,835	915	920
Bulgarian	10	5	5	1,545	790	755
Croatian	290	145	145	4,655	2,340	2,320
Czech	60	35	25	3,000	1,430	1,575
Macedonian	0	0	5	360	185	175
Polish	1,100	475	630	20,130	9,425	10,705
Russian	125	50	75	17,810	8,150	9,665
Serbian	45	15	30	4,020	2,035	1,985
Serbo-Croatian	10	5	5	970	480	485
Slovak	165	70	95	2,185	1,070	1,115
Slovene (Slovenian)	100	50	50	695	320	370
Ukrainian	950	370	575	21,835	9,985	11,850
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	25	15	15	215	120	100
Celtic languages	10	0	10	370	200	170
Scottish Gaelic	5	0	5	135	70	65
Welsh	5	0	5	175	85	80
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	65	40	25
Germanic languages	2,340	1,105	1,235	104,260	51,525	52,735
Afrikaans	15	10	5	3,010	1,475	1,535
Danish	85	45	45	2,380	1,245	1,135
Dutch	500	245	255	16,135	8,095	8,045
Frisian	10	5	10	360	200	160
German	1,590	745	845	80,050	39,435	40,615
Icelandic	10	5	5	115	55	60
Norwegian	30	10	20	815	370	445
Swedish	80	30	45	875	405	470
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	0	5	320	150	170
Yiddish	0	0	0	140	70	70
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	55	30	25
Greek	160	80	80	3,130	1,655	1,475
Indo-Iranian languages	730	415	320	166,805	85,250	81,560
Indo-Aryan languages	605	345	260	145,900	74,320	71,580
Bengali	80	50	35	7,000	3,630	3,370
Gujarati	125	70	45	13,140	6,785	6,355
Hindi	130	80	55	17,055	8,675	8,385
Kashmiri	0	0	5	105	60	50
Konkani	0	0	0	370	190	185
Marathi	10	5	0	1,510	775	730
Nepali	30	15	10	5,175	2,690	2,490
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	190	100	90
Punjabi (Panjabi)	100	60	45	68,695	34,935	33,760
Sindhi	5	0	5	2,770	1,300	1,475
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	15	10	5	2,590	1,320	1,265
Urdu	110	55	55	27,295	13,865	13,430
Iranian languages	130	70	60	19,600	10,235	9,365
Kurdish	0	0	0	1,550	845	705
Pashto	10	5	5	2,560	1,320	1,235
Persian (Farsi)	125	65	55	15,490	8,070	7,425
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	1,310	695	615
Italic (Romance) languages	4,295	2,135	2,160	84,940	42,425	42,515
Catalan	0	0	0	75	30	45
Italian	3,265	1,635	1,630	11,375	5,760	5,615
Portuguese	535	265	270	9,050	4,380	4,670
Romanian	60	30	30	8,035	4,080	3,955
Spanish	430	210	225	56,370	28,160	28,205
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	35	20	15
Japanese	45	10	30	4,875	1,715	3,160
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	230	130	105
Georgian	0	0	0	230	130	100
Korean	90	45	45	17,920	8,485	9,435
Mongolic languages	5	0	0	545	255	290
Mongolian	5	0	0	540	255	290
Niger-Congo languages	80	45	35	15,360	7,870	7,495
Akan (Twi)	20	10	15	1,755	915	835
Bamanankan	5	0	0	35	20	15
Edo	0	0	0	275	155	120
Ewe	0	0	0	245	145	100
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	5	230	120	100
Ga	5	0	5	145	80	65
Ganda	5	0	0	280	145	135
Igbo	10	5	5	1,165	625	540
Lingala	0	0	0	270	130	140
Rundi (Kirundi)	5	0	0	605	305	295
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	0	0	805	405	400
Shona	10	10	0	1,100	545	555
Swahili	5	0	5	2,380	1,160	1,215
Wolof	5	0	5	280	165	110
Yoruba	5	0	0	2,435	1,305	1,125
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	3,370	1,640	1,735
Nilo-Saharan languages	15	10	5	2,720	1,395	1,330
Dinka	0	5	0	1,345	705	640
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	10	5	10	1,375	685	690
Sign languages	55	20	30	830	440	390
American Sign Language	30	10	15	335	165	165
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	30	10	10	495	275	225
Sino-Tibetan languages	885	435	450	122,450	57,740	64,705
Chinese languages	635	310	325	120,375	56,675	63,700
Cantonese	235	105	135	59,145	27,755	31,385
Hakka	0	0	5	990	465	530
Mandarin	335	170	160	50,660	23,940	26,720
Min Dong	0	0	0	115	50	65
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	20	5	10	3,060	1,375	1,695
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	0	0	630	305	330
Chinese, n.o.s.	45	25	20	5,725	2,770	2,955
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	15	25
Tibeto-Burman languages	250	125	125	2,075	1,065	1,005
Burmese	40	20	15	430	230	200
Karenic languages	205	105	100	795	415	380
Tibetan	5	0	0	575	295	275
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	275	130	140
Tai-Kadai languages	25	5	20	2,670	955	1,710
Lao	0	0	5	1,020	485	535
Thai	25	5	20	1,630	465	1,165
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	20	10	15
Turkic languages	20	10	5	4,050	2,250	1,800
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	365	215	155
Turkish	15	10	5	3,140	1,760	1,375
Uyghur	0	0	0	130	70	60
Uzbek	0	0	0	205	115	90
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	215	95	120
Uralic languages	2,550	1,140	1,410	7,470	3,600	3,870
Estonian	45	25	15	190	90	105
Finnish	2,305	1,010	1,300	810	330	480
Hungarian	200	110	95	6,470	3,185	3,285
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	690	415	280
Multiple responses	3,190	1,530	1,660	92,070	44,900	47,175
English and French	635	310	320	10,230	4,950	5,280
English and non-official language	2,480	1,180	1,300	77,520	37,815	39,705
French and non-official language	45	25	25	2,685	1,375	1,305
English, French and non-official language	35	15	15	1,640	760	880
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	229,190	114,080	115,110	4,026,655	2,020,510	2,006,145
Single responses	225,060	112,190	112,870	3,837,615	1,928,230	1,909,385
Official languages	214,170	106,810	107,355	3,354,885	1,690,490	1,664,395
English	212,105	105,790	106,315	3,327,255	1,676,360	1,650,895
French	2,065	1,020	1,045	27,630	14,130	13,500
Non-official languages	10,895	5,380	5,510	482,725	237,740	244,990
Aboriginal languages	6,760	3,430	3,325	9,970	4,940	5,020
Algonquian languages	6,750	3,430	3,325	7,175	3,575	3,605
Blackfoot	0	0	0	1,110	555	555
Cree-Montagnais languages	1,580	840	740	5,875	2,925	2,945
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	5	0	0	20	10	10
Plains Cree	0	0	0	125	60	60
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	15	5	5	5	0	5
Woods Cree	0	0	5	600	300	295
Cree, n.o.s.	1,570	830	735	5,120	2,540	2,575
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	5	5	5
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	5	5	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5,170	2,585	2,580	190	95	95
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	2,265	1,170	1,100	185	90	95
Oji-Cree	2,900	1,420	1,480	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	620	320	300
Northern Athabaskan languages	5	0	0	620	325	300
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	10	5	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	5	0	0	540	280	260
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	5	0	5
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	5	5	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	60	35	30
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	55	30	25
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	5	5
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	5
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	5
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	10	5	5
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	2,125	1,025	1,095
Dakota	0	0	0	175	85	85
Stoney	0	0	0	1,945	935	1,010
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	5	0	0	25	15	10
Non-Aboriginal languages	4,135	1,950	2,185	472,760	232,800	239,965
Afro-Asiatic languages	150	95	60	43,770	22,535	21,235
Berber languages	0	0	0	200	105	95
Kabyle	0	0	0	90	45	40
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	105	60	45
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	9,220	4,750	4,470
Bilen	0	0	0	280	160	115
Oromo	0	0	0	2,075	1,060	1,015
Somali	0	0	0	6,850	3,520	3,325
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	5	10
Semitic languages	155	90	60	34,310	17,660	16,655
Amharic	5	0	0	4,915	2,390	2,530
Arabic	150	90	60	24,230	12,555	11,675
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	5	0	0	260	130	130
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	95	50	40
Harari	0	0	0	165	80	85
Hebrew	0	0	0	460	235	225
Maltese	0	0	0	15	10	10
Tigrigna	0	0	0	3,955	2,095	1,860
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	210	110	100
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	45	20	20
Austro-Asiatic languages	85	40	45	16,355	7,635	8,715
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	960	460	500
Vietnamese	85	40	45	15,380	7,175	8,205
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	15	0	10
Austronesian languages	155	65	95	60,860	28,765	32,100
Bikol	0	0	0	70	40	35
Cebuano	0	0	5	2,110	1,015	1,090
Fijian	0	0	0	45	25	20
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	470	215	255
Ilocano	10	5	5	1,975	935	1,035
Malagasy	0	0	0	20	10	10
Malay	0	0	0	405	205	195
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	220	110	110
Pangasinan	0	0	0	45	20	30
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	135	55	85	55,105	26,005	29,100
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	125	60	60
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	280	120	155
Creole languages	10	5	5	970	495	475
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	50	25	25
Creole, n.o.s.	5	0	0	655	345	310
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	270	125	140
Dravidian languages	100	50	50	8,460	4,335	4,125
Kannada	0	0	0	210	105	105
Malayalam	55	25	30	4,060	2,070	1,990
Tamil	20	15	10	2,915	1,515	1,395
Telugu	20	10	5	1,245	635	615
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	10	15
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	70	35	35
Indo-European languages	2,350	1,075	1,275	230,270	115,280	114,995
Albanian	0	0	0	1,060	570	485
Armenian	0	0	0	215	115	105
Balto-Slavic languages	510	200	310	30,220	14,820	15,400
Baltic languages	5	0	0	410	210	200
Latvian	5	0	5	165	85	80
Lithuanian	0	0	0	250	125	120
Slavic languages	505	205	300	29,815	14,610	15,205
Belarusan	0	0	0	15	10	5
Bosnian	0	0	0	785	400	385
Bulgarian	5	0	5	825	415	405
Croatian	75	30	45	1,800	905	895
Czech	10	5	5	875	440	430
Macedonian	0	0	0	175	90	85
Polish	245	105	150	7,705	3,675	4,030
Russian	35	15	20	10,145	4,965	5,175
Serbian	10	5	10	2,100	1,045	1,055
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	315	160	155
Slovak	5	5	5	710	345	365
Slovene (Slovenian)	30	10	15	150	70	75
Ukrainian	75	25	50	4,180	2,060	2,110
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	55	30	25
Celtic languages	0	0	0	40	25	15
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	15	15	5
Welsh	0	0	0	15	5	5
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	0
Germanic languages	165	80	85	40,915	20,280	20,625
Afrikaans	5	5	0	1,705	835	875
Danish	0	5	5	150	75	75
Dutch	15	5	10	1,980	985	1,000
Frisian	5	0	0	60	30	30
German	140	70	75	36,295	18,010	18,290
Icelandic	0	0	0	30	15	15
Norwegian	0	0	5	60	20	35
Swedish	0	0	0	145	65	80
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	60	30	25
Yiddish	0	0	0	15	5	5
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	425	215	210
Greek	40	15	20	1,015	490	525
Indo-Iranian languages	410	220	190	111,975	56,535	55,445
Indo-Aryan languages	345	185	155	98,610	49,790	48,815
Bengali	40	25	20	4,530	2,300	2,225
Gujarati	60	35	25	8,025	4,085	3,935
Hindi	65	45	25	9,945	5,115	4,825
Kashmiri	0	0	0	50	20	25
Konkani	0	0	0	75	40	40
Marathi	0	0	5	845	440	405
Nepali	25	10	15	3,710	1,905	1,805
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	95	50	45
Punjabi (Panjabi)	55	35	25	51,010	25,720	25,295
Sindhi	0	0	0	1,240	575	665
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	5	0	1,480	750	730
Urdu	85	35	50	17,600	8,795	8,810
Iranian languages	65	35	30	12,720	6,415	6,305
Kurdish	0	0	0	850	440	410
Pashto	0	0	0	1,640	845	795
Persian (Farsi)	65	35	30	10,230	5,135	5,100
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	650	325	325
Italic (Romance) languages	1,225	555	670	44,830	22,445	22,385
Catalan	0	0	0	35	10	20
Italian	875	390	485	2,840	1,275	1,560
Portuguese	150	65	85	3,905	1,875	2,030
Romanian	25	15	10	4,135	2,115	2,020
Spanish	175	85	90	33,910	17,160	16,755
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5
Japanese	10	5	5	2,245	945	1,300
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	160	85	70
Georgian	0	0	0	160	85	70
Korean	50	25	25	12,775	6,205	6,570
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	335	160	175
Mongolian	0	0	0	335	155	175
Niger-Congo languages	20	10	5	5,600	2,725	2,875
Akan (Twi)	5	0	5	845	415	430
Bamanankan	0	0	0	10	10	0
Edo	0	0	0	70	35	35
Ewe	0	0	0	80	45	35
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	105	55	45
Ga	0	0	0	40	20	20
Ganda	0	0	0	95	50	50
Igbo	5	0	0	265	125	145
Lingala	0	0	0	85	35	45
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	280	135	145
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	350	175	170
Shona	5	5	5	410	190	225
Swahili	0	0	0	1,090	530	565
Wolof	0	0	0	170	95	75
Yoruba	5	0	5	690	340	350
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	1,015	485	535
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	5	5	1,525	765	755
Dinka	0	0	0	800	420	380
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	725	350	375
Sign languages	100	50	50	1,095	630	465
American Sign Language	35	15	20	325	170	155
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	70	35	30	765	455	310
Sino-Tibetan languages	525	270	245	82,380	39,230	43,155
Chinese languages	355	190	165	80,880	38,455	42,420
Cantonese	110	60	55	38,275	17,810	20,460
Hakka	0	0	0	315	135	185
Mandarin	200	105	95	37,125	18,030	19,095
Min Dong	0	0	0	20	5	10
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	5	5	1,245	540	705
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	340	175	165
Chinese, n.o.s.	30	20	10	3,550	1,760	1,785
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5
Tibeto-Burman languages	170	85	80	1,500	770	730
Burmese	15	10	5	280	145	130
Karenic languages	150	75	75	665	340	320
Tibetan	0	0	0	420	220	200
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	140	65	75
Tai-Kadai languages	15	5	10	1,130	505	625
Lao	0	0	0	465	215	245
Thai	10	5	5	655	285	370
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	10	5	10
Turkic languages	0	0	5	2,390	1,270	1,120
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	155	90	75
Turkish	0	0	0	1,945	1,030	915
Uyghur	0	0	0	80	45	40
Uzbek	0	0	0	135	70	65
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	70	35	25
Uralic languages	550	245	310	2,130	1,040	1,085
Estonian	0	0	5	25	10	15
Finnish	530	235	295	105	50	50
Hungarian	25	15	10	1,995	980	1,015
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	5	5	240	140	95
Multiple responses	4,130	1,890	2,240	189,040	92,280	96,760
English and French	410	205	205	6,885	3,410	3,475
English and non-official language	3,675	1,665	2,005	178,070	86,895	91,170
French and non-official language	5	5	5	1,125	540	580
English, French and non-official language	40	20	20	2,965	1,430	1,530
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	229,190	114,080	115,105	4,026,650	2,020,510	2,006,140
None	207,700	103,770	103,930	3,492,295	1,760,240	1,732,055
English	6,010	3,045	2,960	221,305	110,655	110,650
French	3,290	1,515	1,775	41,840	19,470	22,375
Non-official language	12,045	5,685	6,355	262,255	125,640	136,615
Aboriginal	7,150	3,400	3,745	17,430	8,325	9,105
Non-Aboriginal	4,890	2,280	2,610	244,825	117,315	127,510
English and French	10	5	10	1,535	775	760
English and non-official language	40	25	20	4,545	2,345	2,195
French and non-official language	100	40	65	2,795	1,340	1,455
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	85	50	40
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	187,740	92,840	94,895	3,206,050	1,602,690	1,603,360
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	181,180	89,620	91,560	3,053,470	1,528,275	1,525,190
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	34,573	41,245	29,437	42,717	54,891	33,213
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	181,245	89,620	91,625	3,054,135	1,528,420	1,525,715
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	31,611	37,069	27,189	38,067	47,131	30,478
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	159,235	80,225	79,010	2,839,590	1,458,560	1,381,030
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	32,189	39,062	26,256	42,330	54,528	32,099
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	134,820	63,045	71,775	1,785,065	711,210	1,073,855
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,590	7,339	7,692	4,093	3,834	4,185
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	130,170	67,180	62,990	2,473,665	1,301,630	1,172,030
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	32,240	37,371	28,319	42,679	54,361	32,982
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	187,740	92,840	94,900	3,206,045	1,602,810	1,603,235
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	181,215	89,605	91,610	3,054,555	1,528,100	1,526,455
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	43,368	50,408	36,481	62,778	80,001	45,535
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	181,275	89,605	91,670	3,055,230	1,528,240	1,526,995
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	36,819	41,924	31,829	50,683	62,938	38,417
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	159,210	80,105	79,105	2,840,675	1,458,210	1,382,465
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	41,838	49,634	33,945	62,997	80,282	44,766
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	134,940	63,040	71,900	1,784,345	710,105	1,074,240
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	8,876	8,580	9,135	7,175	7,298	7,093
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	130,170	67,070	63,100	2,473,665	1,299,805	1,173,855
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	41,231	47,589	34,473	59,343	74,073	43,031
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	187,735	92,840	94,900	3,206,050	1,602,810	1,603,240
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	56,965	30,785	26,180	1,152,385	669,770	482,615
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	53,793	60,751	47,462	64,090	73,781	53,836
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	60,960	68,218	52,425	81,586	94,822	63,218
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	84.8	88.0	80.5	93.3	95.8	89.1
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	68.2	70.5	65.1	76.5	78.9	72.3
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	15.2	12.0	19.5	6.7	4.2	10.9
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	187,740	92,840	94,900	3,206,050	1,602,690	1,603,360
Without total income	6,560	3,220	3,340	152,585	74,410	78,170
With total income	181,180	89,620	91,560	3,053,470	1,528,280	1,525,190
Percentage with total income	96.5	96.5	96.5	95.2	95.4	95.1
Under $10,000 (including loss)	25,295	11,750	13,545	389,580	146,450	243,130
$10,000 to $19,999	29,850	11,775	18,070	385,235	147,125	238,110
$20,000 to $29,999	25,135	10,300	14,835	364,915	142,810	222,105
$30,000 to $39,999	21,890	9,780	12,105	305,680	131,185	174,490
$40,000 to $49,999	19,610	9,340	10,270	286,615	133,715	152,900
$50,000 to $59,999	15,785	8,365	7,425	247,830	124,720	123,115
$60,000 to $69,999	11,615	6,950	4,660	205,840	114,405	91,430
$70,000 to $79,999	8,405	5,215	3,190	165,640	99,645	65,995
$80,000 to $89,999	6,220	3,880	2,340	132,720	82,700	50,020
$90,000 to $99,999	5,260	3,230	2,030	114,010	70,655	43,350
$100,000 and over	12,115	9,025	3,090	455,410	334,865	120,550
$100,000 to $149,999	9,190	6,800	2,390	274,185	191,710	82,475
$150,000 and over	2,925	2,225	695	181,225	143,150	38,075
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	187,740	92,840	94,895	3,206,050	1,602,690	1,603,365
Without after-tax income	6,495	3,220	3,275	151,915	74,270	77,645
With after-tax income	181,245	89,620	91,625	3,054,135	1,528,420	1,525,715
Percentage with after-tax income	96.5	96.5	96.6	95.3	95.4	95.2
Under $10,000 (including loss)	26,090	11,875	14,215	399,005	149,280	249,725
$10,000 to $19,999	31,240	12,355	18,885	402,780	154,330	248,450
$20,000 to $29,999	29,020	12,135	16,880	420,955	166,650	254,300
$30,000 to $39,999	25,925	12,000	13,925	377,590	169,665	207,925
$40,000 to $49,999	22,665	11,650	11,020	347,960	172,595	175,365
$50,000 to $59,999	15,600	9,180	6,415	276,970	153,985	122,985
$60,000 to $69,999	10,650	6,650	4,000	208,265	127,045	81,220
$70,000 to $79,999	7,765	4,790	2,970	160,580	100,970	59,610
$80,000 and over	12,285	8,985	3,305	460,030	333,895	126,140
$80,000 to $89,999	4,945	3,375	1,570	121,015	78,400	42,620
$90,000 to $99,999	2,555	1,965	585	82,020	57,375	24,645
$100,000 and over	4,790	3,645	1,150	257,000	198,120	58,875
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	187,740	92,840	94,895	3,206,050	1,602,690	1,603,360
Without employment income	57,565	25,660	31,910	732,385	301,060	431,330
With employment income	130,170	67,180	62,990	2,473,665	1,301,630	1,172,035
Percentage with employment income	69.3	72.4	66.4	77.2	81.2	73.1
Under $5,000 (including loss)	20,870	10,790	10,080	273,835	122,830	151,005
$5,000 to $9,999	10,445	4,715	5,730	164,095	68,100	95,990
$10,000 to $19,999	16,675	7,440	9,230	274,105	113,680	160,430
$20,000 to $29,999	14,025	6,330	7,690	235,620	96,855	138,760
$30,000 to $39,999	13,165	5,705	7,460	227,450	100,650	126,805
$40,000 to $49,999	12,380	5,395	6,980	219,155	103,680	115,475
$50,000 to $59,999	10,355	5,405	4,955	195,145	99,285	95,860
$60,000 to $69,999	7,690	4,605	3,085	163,465	92,950	70,515
$70,000 to $79,999	5,995	3,750	2,245	135,150	83,240	51,910
$80,000 and over	18,580	13,045	5,540	585,640	420,365	165,280
$80,000 to $89,999	4,865	3,055	1,810	111,045	71,210	39,835
$90,000 to $99,999	4,440	2,700	1,740	99,785	62,305	37,480
$100,000 and over	9,275	7,290	1,990	374,815	286,855	87,960
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	95,365	...	...	1,527,680	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	67,193	...	...	93,835	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	59,924	...	...	80,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	28,465	...	...	366,080	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	34,330	...	...	47,948	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	31,270	...	...	41,502	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	66,895	...	...	1,161,600	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	85,941	...	...	111,435	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	75,855	...	...	94,830	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	95,360	...	...	1,527,675	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	82,411	...	...	125,522	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	69,989	...	...	101,361	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	28,420	...	...	365,000	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	42,816	...	...	64,341	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	36,594	...	...	52,116	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	66,940	...	...	1,162,675	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	99,220	...	...	144,729	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	84,167	...	...	116,821	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	95,360	...	...	1,527,680	...	...
Under $5,000	1,395	...	...	21,660	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	1,515	...	...	13,555	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	3,145	...	...	18,070	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	3,845	...	...	33,045	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	4,580	...	...	51,505	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	3,760	...	...	38,615	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	4,240	...	...	42,580	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	4,280	...	...	46,630	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	4,105	...	...	46,520	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	4,055	...	...	46,825	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	7,725	...	...	95,425	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	6,940	...	...	95,340	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	6,405	...	...	92,345	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	5,675	...	...	88,775	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	5,075	...	...	84,570	...	...
$100,000 and over	28,620	...	...	712,215	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	10,225	...	...	184,595	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	6,845	...	...	142,910	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	7,260	...	...	181,960	...	...
$200,000 and over	4,285	...	...	202,745	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	95,365	...	...	1,527,680	...	...
Under $5,000	1,465	...	...	23,395	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	1,535	...	...	13,860	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	3,205	...	...	18,600	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	4,005	...	...	34,540	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	5,045	...	...	55,010	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	4,305	...	...	44,170	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	4,845	...	...	50,280	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	4,940	...	...	55,645	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	4,895	...	...	57,695	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	4,765	...	...	59,195	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	8,745	...	...	119,200	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	8,055	...	...	116,250	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	7,205	...	...	112,675	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	6,285	...	...	106,235	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	5,325	...	...	95,600	...	...
$100,000 and over	20,745	...	...	565,335	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	9,530	...	...	192,795	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	5,455	...	...	132,240	...	...
$150,000 and over	5,765	...	...	240,305	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	64,755	...	...	1,099,900	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	86,112	...	...	109,997	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	75,960	...	...	93,588	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	26,515	...	...	407,300	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	81,924	...	...	101,283	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	71,677	...	...	86,043	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	25,010	...	...	511,375	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	114,020	...	...	133,186	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	98,894	...	...	111,951	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	4.1	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	11,315	...	...	146,045	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	49,672	...	...	62,909	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	47,099	...	...	57,079	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.8	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	64,835	...	...	1,101,485	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	99,541	...	...	144,493	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	84,343	...	...	116,343	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	26,445	...	...	408,625	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	94,183	...	...	137,805	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	79,169	...	...	110,236	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	25,050	...	...	512,615	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	124,974	...	...	169,354	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	105,121	...	...	135,623	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	11,300	...	...	145,115	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	58,937	...	...	80,406	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	52,870	...	...	68,470	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	35,130	17,745	17,390	577,475	308,835	268,640
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	31,766	34,234	29,781	42,598	47,903	37,344
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	29,165	31,006	27,689	37,648	41,340	33,785
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	34,835	17,425	17,415	573,385	306,195	267,190
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	40,333	43,368	37,295	56,856	63,468	49,280
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	34,616	36,525	32,706	46,559	50,990	41,481
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	227,455	113,290	114,165	3,978,150	1,998,500	1,979,650
In the bottom half of the distribution	114,985	55,740	59,250	1,527,695	739,210	788,485
In the bottom decile	27,910	13,930	13,975	293,490	143,880	149,605
In the second decile	23,300	10,695	12,605	278,635	128,055	150,575
In the third decile	21,265	10,145	11,120	297,695	142,090	155,605
In the fourth decile	21,065	10,185	10,885	315,570	154,815	160,760
In the fifth decile	21,440	10,775	10,660	342,305	170,375	171,935
In the top half of the distribution	112,475	57,550	54,920	2,450,450	1,259,285	1,191,160
In the sixth decile	22,560	11,225	11,335	366,250	183,860	182,390
In the seventh decile	22,890	11,645	11,250	397,275	201,465	195,810
In the eighth decile	24,260	12,420	11,835	443,585	227,385	216,200
In the ninth decile	24,420	12,675	11,745	522,545	268,995	253,555
In the top decile	18,340	9,590	8,760	720,795	377,585	343,215
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	198,485	98,470	100,015	3,925,220	1,971,735	1,953,485
0 to 17 years	36,975	19,025	17,955	893,255	458,330	434,925
0 to 5 years	11,755	6,110	5,640	310,080	158,825	151,260
18 to 64 years	124,265	61,715	62,545	2,580,730	1,298,440	1,282,295
65 years and over	37,240	17,730	19,515	451,235	214,965	236,265
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	26,215	12,240	13,970	363,890	171,945	191,940
0 to 17 years	6,920	3,580	3,345	114,215	58,665	55,555
0 to 5 years	2,590	1,335	1,255	41,755	21,350	20,400
18 to 64 years	15,230	7,225	7,995	210,870	98,415	112,455
65 years and over	4,070	1,435	2,630	38,800	14,875	23,925
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	13.2	12.4	14.0	9.3	8.7	9.8
0 to 17 years (%)	18.7	18.8	18.6	12.8	12.8	12.8
0 to 5 years (%)	22.0	21.8	22.3	13.5	13.4	13.5
18 to 64 years (%)	12.3	11.7	12.8	8.2	7.6	8.8
65 years and over (%)	10.9	8.1	13.5	8.6	6.9	10.1
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	13,045	6,620	6,420	273,515	134,180	139,335
0 to 17 years	3,080	1,625	1,455	76,930	39,385	37,550
0 to 5 years	1,255	660	590	28,190	14,420	13,770
18 to 64 years	9,350	4,760	4,590	181,805	88,715	93,095
65 years and over	615	230	380	14,780	6,085	8,695
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	6.6	6.7	6.4	7.0	6.8	7.1
0 to 17 years (%)	8.3	8.5	8.1	8.6	8.6	8.6
0 to 5 years (%)	10.7	10.8	10.5	9.1	9.1	9.1
18 to 64 years (%)	7.5	7.7	7.3	7.0	6.8	7.3
65 years and over (%)	1.7	1.3	1.9	3.3	2.8	3.7
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	227,455	113,290	114,165	3,978,145	1,998,500	1,979,645
Official languages	226,500	112,920	113,580	3,920,530	1,974,435	1,946,095
English	226,205	112,760	113,435	3,916,805	1,972,800	1,944,005
French	16,180	7,375	8,800	264,600	123,940	140,660
Non-official languages	37,745	18,225	19,520	1,082,425	527,770	554,655
Aboriginal languages	18,575	9,120	9,455	36,465	17,415	19,045
Algonquian languages	18,525	9,100	9,430	29,675	14,120	15,555
Blackfoot	0	0	0	5,575	2,665	2,905
Cree-Montagnais languages	3,290	1,700	1,590	23,465	11,155	12,310
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	25	0	15
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	90	20	70
Plains Cree	10	10	0	1,580	620	965
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	10	10	0
Swampy Cree	85	40	45	45	25	25
Woods Cree	0	0	0	1,135	525	610
Cree, n.o.s.	3,225	1,670	1,560	20,665	9,990	10,675
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	10	0	35	15	15
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	10	0	10	35	15	15
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	15,305	7,425	7,880	955	425	530
Algonquin	0	0	0	10	10	0
Ojibway	8,010	3,950	4,060	925	415	505
Oji-Cree	7,415	3,550	3,865	20	10	15
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	10
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	2,640	1,255	1,385
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	2,630	1,250	1,380
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	10	0
Beaver	0	0	0	85	50	35
Carrier	0	0	0	45	10	35
Chilcotin	0	0	0	20	15	10
Dene	0	0	0	2,010	975	1,035
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	75	30	45
Gwich'in	0	0	0	10	0	10
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	150	65	85
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	285	140	145
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	25	15	10
South Slavey	0	0	0	190	90	100
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	75	35	45
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	10
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	10	0	10
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Haida	0	0	0	10	0	10
Inuit languages	0	0	0	135	50	80
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	35	10	25
Inuktitut	0	0	0	60	20	35
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	25	20
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	40	25	10
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	10	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	35	25	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	10	10
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	10	0	0	145	75	70
Salish languages	0	0	0	50	25	25
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	10	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	15	10	10
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	10	0	10
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	10	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	10	0	10
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Siouan languages	10	0	10	4,050	2,005	2,045
Dakota	0	10	0	530	285	245
Stoney	0	0	0	3,650	1,790	1,855
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	10	0	10
Tlingit	0	0	0	10	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	35	15	15
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	20	10	10
Nisga'a	0	0	0	15	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	10	10	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	10	10	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	45	15	30	30	15	15
Non-Aboriginal languages	19,200	9,135	10,065	1,046,245	510,495	535,750
Afro-Asiatic languages	545	315	230	96,210	50,675	45,535
Berber languages	0	0	0	540	335	205
Kabyle	0	0	0	225	125	90
Berber languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	315	210	110
Cushitic languages	10	0	10	15,445	8,055	7,385
Bilen	0	0	0	370	235	135
Oromo	0	0	0	3,125	1,625	1,500
Somali	0	0	10	12,030	6,240	5,795
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	55	20	40
Semitic languages	525	295	230	82,200	43,405	38,800
Amharic	0	0	0	10,870	5,595	5,275
Arabic	485	265	215	62,730	33,365	29,370
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	20	15	10	430	225	210
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	150	70	75
Harari	0	0	0	340	150	185
Hebrew	25	15	10	3,250	1,650	1,600
Maltese	0	0	0	145	85	55
Tigrigna	0	0	0	7,315	3,915	3,400
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	450	250	205
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	375	225	145
Austro-Asiatic languages	150	50	100	32,730	15,440	17,290
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	10	2,700	1,375	1,330
Vietnamese	150	50	100	30,150	14,130	16,015
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	0	10
Austronesian languages	665	220	450	145,745	63,615	82,130
Bikol	0	0	0	330	150	180
Cebuano	35	0	35	6,690	2,940	3,750
Fijian	0	0	0	340	195	145
Hiligaynon	15	10	10	1,760	745	1,020
Ilocano	35	10	20	7,370	3,160	4,215
Malagasy	0	0	0	80	40	40
Malay	60	25	30	3,040	1,435	1,610
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	1,185	565	625
Pangasinan	0	0	0	445	190	250
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	570	180	390	138,440	60,115	78,325
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	420	170	245
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	35	20	15	1,160	505	650
Creole languages	90	70	25	4,585	2,390	2,195
Haitian Creole	10	0	10	255	140	115
Creole, n.o.s.	10	0	0	2,675	1,425	1,250
Creole languages, n.i.e.	80	60	20	1,680	840	850
Dravidian languages	185	100	90	18,190	9,660	8,525
Kannada	10	0	0	1,035	520	515
Malayalam	115	55	60	8,150	4,255	3,900
Tamil	55	25	30	7,195	3,900	3,295
Telugu	20	15	0	2,910	1,560	1,345
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	150	80	70
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	115	55	55
Indo-European languages	13,010	6,325	6,685	550,490	274,510	275,980
Albanian	0	0	0	2,880	1,550	1,325
Armenian	0	0	0	530	255	275
Balto-Slavic languages	3,015	1,330	1,680	93,150	44,750	48,395
Baltic languages	20	10	15	1,360	660	705
Latvian	10	0	10	590	300	290
Lithuanian	10	0	10	775	360	415
Slavic languages	2,990	1,330	1,665	92,300	44,340	47,960
Belarusan	0	0	0	200	95	105
Bosnian	10	0	0	2,880	1,450	1,435
Bulgarian	0	0	0	1,795	945	850
Croatian	340	190	145	6,280	3,260	3,025
Czech	85	50	40	3,590	1,650	1,940
Macedonian	0	0	0	535	270	265
Polish	1,325	600	725	23,650	11,455	12,195
Russian	180	70	110	27,375	13,195	14,175
Serbian	115	45	70	5,355	2,630	2,730
Serbo-Croatian	20	15	0	1,095	550	540
Slovak	185	85	100	2,780	1,495	1,285
Slovene (Slovenian)	105	40	65	735	360	375
Ukrainian	865	330	535	26,600	11,980	14,620
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	250	120	130
Celtic languages	20	10	10	1,180	615	560
Scottish Gaelic	0	10	0	440	215	225
Welsh	10	10	0	315	180	130
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	450	220	225
Germanic languages	2,670	1,275	1,395	112,670	56,325	56,345
Afrikaans	30	25	0	5,165	2,655	2,515
Danish	100	45	50	2,800	1,360	1,440
Dutch	455	240	215	19,480	9,595	9,890
Frisian	30	10	25	475	275	205
German	1,935	910	1,025	83,010	41,905	41,105
Icelandic	0	0	0	160	70	95
Norwegian	60	20	35	1,450	635	810
Swedish	125	50	75	1,635	800	835
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	0	0	380	170	215
Yiddish	10	0	10	250	130	115
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	2,115	1,095	1,015
Greek	235	135	105	4,935	2,535	2,400
Indo-Iranian languages	1,085	595	485	206,725	106,045	100,675
Indo-Aryan languages	890	485	405	186,005	95,045	90,960
Bengali	200	115	80	8,530	4,385	4,140
Gujarati	155	85	70	18,005	8,945	9,055
Hindi	365	215	155	61,290	31,900	29,385
Kashmiri	0	0	0	125	80	45
Konkani	0	0	0	625	300	320
Marathi	20	10	10	2,575	1,385	1,195
Nepali	50	35	20	5,510	3,000	2,510
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	255	135	120
Punjabi (Panjabi)	150	70	80	90,485	46,350	44,135
Sindhi	0	0	0	4,595	2,065	2,530
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	10	0	3,800	1,925	1,875
Urdu	210	110	105	41,235	21,245	20,000
Iranian languages	205	120	90	22,140	11,665	10,475
Kurdish	0	0	0	1,930	1,100	825
Pashto	25	20	10	3,330	1,795	1,530
Persian (Farsi)	190	105	85	17,600	9,220	8,375
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	1,760	960	805
Italic (Romance) languages	6,165	3,050	3,115	142,340	69,885	72,450
Catalan	0	0	0	170	95	80
Italian	4,245	2,155	2,095	19,900	9,875	10,020
Portuguese	665	325	340	12,670	6,255	6,415
Romanian	35	15	25	9,915	5,185	4,735
Spanish	1,320	610	705	104,445	50,960	53,490
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	20	0	15	250	130	125
Japanese	90	50	40	9,215	4,115	5,100
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	225	130	100
Georgian	0	0	0	230	130	100
Korean	185	85	100	19,950	9,405	10,545
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	800	375	430
Mongolian	0	0	0	800	370	430
Niger-Congo languages	235	135	100	29,430	14,980	14,450
Akan (Twi)	40	25	15	2,925	1,505	1,420
Bamanankan	0	0	0	60	30	30
Edo	0	0	0	620	325	290
Ewe	15	10	0	335	170	165
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	10	0	10	300	165	135
Ga	10	0	10	345	190	155
Ganda	0	0	0	610	305	305
Igbo	15	15	0	2,550	1,345	1,210
Lingala	10	0	0	1,240	640	605
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	830	420	410
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	1,155	605	550
Shona	20	15	0	1,810	850	960
Swahili	10	0	0	6,700	3,470	3,235
Wolof	10	0	10	600	365	235
Yoruba	35	20	15	5,930	3,035	2,890
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	90	40	55	6,585	3,265	3,320
Nilo-Saharan languages	25	15	15	3,070	1,495	1,575
Dinka	0	0	0	1,655	825	825
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	25	15	15	1,425	675	750
Sign languages	340	130	210	5,910	2,350	3,555
American Sign Language	135	35	95	3,085	1,130	1,955
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	10
Sign languages, n.i.e.	210	95	115	2,855	1,230	1,625
Sino-Tibetan languages	985	470	520	141,860	67,945	73,915
Chinese languages	680	325	355	139,385	66,700	72,685
Cantonese	290	125	160	74,770	35,490	39,280
Hakka	0	0	0	1,180	515	660
Mandarin	365	185	180	70,510	33,310	37,195
Min Dong	0	0	0	85	50	40
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	35	10	25	4,140	1,765	2,380
Wu (Shanghainese)	10	0	10	855	380	470
Chinese, n.o.s.	50	25	25	6,335	3,160	3,175
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	55	25	35
Tibeto-Burman languages	315	150	165	2,590	1,290	1,300
Burmese	90	55	35	605	305	295
Karenic languages	270	125	150	805	415	390
Tibetan	0	0	0	860	430	430
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	445	215	235
Tai-Kadai languages	45	15	25	3,705	1,510	2,195
Lao	20	10	10	1,520	730	795
Thai	30	10	25	2,400	850	1,545
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	45	25	25
Turkic languages	35	15	20	5,795	3,180	2,625
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	630	325	300
Turkish	35	10	20	4,255	2,420	1,835
Uyghur	0	0	0	290	135	155
Uzbek	0	0	0	425	200	225
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	355	170	180
Uralic languages	2,900	1,275	1,625	8,895	4,315	4,575
Estonian	60	20	40	185	85	105
Finnish	2,635	1,150	1,485	1,045	455	590
Hungarian	210	110	100	7,660	3,770	3,890
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	1,820	1,025	790
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	227,455	113,290	114,165	3,978,145	1,998,495	1,979,645
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	223,355	111,325	112,025	3,622,740	1,825,135	1,797,600
Canadian citizens aged under 18	47,875	24,755	23,120	854,815	439,065	415,755
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	175,475	86,575	88,905	2,767,920	1,386,070	1,381,850
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	4,105	1,965	2,140	355,410	173,365	182,045
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	227,460	113,290	114,170	3,978,145	1,998,495	1,979,650
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	210,945	105,115	105,830	3,062,775	1,550,445	1,512,335
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	15,280	7,535	7,745	845,220	412,320	432,895
Before 1981	9,675	4,710	4,965	163,460	81,620	81,840
1981 to 1990	1,405	695	710	86,350	41,690	44,660
1991 to 2000	1,365	665	700	131,560	62,930	68,630
2001 to 2010	1,800	955	840	256,055	125,235	130,820
2001 to 2005	785	425	360	109,145	53,425	55,720
2006 to 2010	1,010	530	485	146,910	71,810	75,100
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	1,050	520	530	207,790	100,845	106,945
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	1,225	640	590	70,155	35,735	34,420
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	15,285	7,535	7,750	845,220	412,320	432,895
Under 5 years	2,515	1,340	1,180	82,175	42,200	39,975
5 to 14 years	3,315	1,740	1,575	149,815	77,820	71,995
15 to 24 years	4,025	1,875	2,145	168,965	78,215	90,755
25 to 44 years	4,890	2,345	2,545	372,805	180,265	192,535
45 years and over	540	240	300	71,450	33,820	37,630
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	15,280	7,535	7,745	845,215	412,325	432,895
Americas	2,725	1,245	1,485	103,540	49,345	54,190
Brazil	25	20	10	2,545	1,100	1,440
Colombia	55	30	30	9,535	4,570	4,960
El Salvador	30	20	10	7,255	3,725	3,530
Guyana	20	10	10	2,555	1,200	1,355
Haiti	0	0	0	1,270	675	600
Jamaica	45	25	20	6,845	3,170	3,680
Mexico	130	40	85	15,665	7,860	7,805
Peru	25	20	10	1,920	780	1,140
Trinidad and Tobago	30	10	20	3,415	1,670	1,750
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	2,155	955	1,200	30,460	13,675	16,785
Other places of birth in Americas	205	115	90	22,075	10,925	11,150
Europe	9,515	4,760	4,755	189,770	95,355	94,415
Bosnia and Herzegovina	20	10	10	4,555	2,325	2,230
Croatia	205	125	80	3,080	1,615	1,465
France	105	50	60	2,535	1,215	1,320
Germany	1,070	560	505	19,205	9,485	9,715
Greece	100	45	45	2,005	1,115	890
Hungary	115	75	35	3,665	1,880	1,785
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	105	60	40	3,935	2,100	1,835
Italy	2,410	1,270	1,140	8,110	4,370	3,745
Netherlands	395	205	190	14,035	7,420	6,610
Poland	740	345	395	16,925	8,045	8,880
Portugal	385	190	190	4,050	1,985	2,070
Romania	45	20	20	7,725	3,930	3,795
Russian Federation	80	30	50	7,260	3,135	4,125
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	75	35	45	2,255	1,080	1,170
Ukraine	115	50	70	8,150	3,700	4,455
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	1,725	840	885	59,215	30,280	28,935
Other places of birth in Europe	1,840	850	990	23,060	11,670	11,390
Africa	445	280	165	89,740	46,705	43,030
Algeria	10	10	0	1,340	715	625
Egypt	20	25	0	5,320	2,940	2,375
Ethiopia	0	0	0	10,570	5,355	5,215
Kenya	35	15	20	5,120	2,555	2,565
Morocco	0	0	0	1,695	1,005	695
Nigeria	35	30	10	12,405	6,520	5,880
Somalia	10	10	0	7,060	3,665	3,395
South Africa, Republic of	40	25	20	7,355	3,670	3,685
Other places of birth in Africa	290	170	120	38,865	20,275	18,590
Asia	2,460	1,155	1,305	452,225	215,955	236,265
Afghanistan	20	15	10	5,190	2,765	2,430
Bangladesh	125	70	50	5,085	2,590	2,500
China^{Census data footnote 59}	290	140	150	57,690	26,510	31,185
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	75	40	35	19,110	9,265	9,850
India	260	165	95	91,660	46,625	45,035
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	125	70	55	8,910	4,655	4,250
Iraq	25	10	15	5,935	3,205	2,730
Japan	15	0	15	3,065	905	2,160
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	40	20	25	13,850	6,530	7,320
Lebanon	45	30	15	10,395	5,640	4,750
Pakistan	135	60	75	28,075	14,630	13,445
Philippines	620	210	415	123,830	54,075	69,755
Sri Lanka	20	0	15	4,835	2,475	2,365
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	35	15	15	4,800	2,515	2,280
Taiwan	10	0	10	3,455	1,460	2,000
Viet Nam	105	50	60	27,080	12,645	14,435
Other places of birth in Asia	520	260	265	39,250	19,485	19,765
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	140	100	40	9,940	4,950	4,990
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	1,045	515	530	207,790	100,845	106,945
Americas	245	115	130	20,060	9,660	10,400
Brazil	0	0	0	860	370	490
Colombia	0	0	0	2,295	1,020	1,275
Cuba	0	0	10	465	215	255
Haiti	0	0	0	385	240	150
Jamaica	20	10	10	1,660	765	895
Mexico	15	10	10	4,405	2,250	2,150
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	170	85	90	4,645	2,130	2,515
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	0	0	0	1,570	745	820
Other places of birth in Americas	35	15	20	3,785	1,930	1,855
Europe	95	50	45	20,870	10,830	10,045
France	10	10	10	425	240	180
Germany	10	0	0	1,370	710	655
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	0	0	0	1,355	835	520
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	0	0	0	715	365	350
Romania	0	0	0	1,100	545	555
Russian Federation	0	0	10	1,235	430	805
Ukraine	10	10	10	2,340	1,060	1,280
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	20	10	10	6,225	3,570	2,650
Other places of birth in Europe	35	15	20	6,100	3,065	3,040
Africa	100	45	50	27,770	14,165	13,610
Algeria	0	10	0	255	115	135
Cameroon	0	10	10	1,055	515	545
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	805	365	440
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	420	210	210
Egypt	0	10	0	1,940	1,045	895
Eritrea	0	0	0	2,390	1,335	1,055
Ethiopia	0	0	0	3,445	1,670	1,780
Morocco	0	0	0	515	265	250
Nigeria	0	0	0	6,110	3,200	2,910
Somalia	0	0	0	2,120	1,110	1,010
South Africa, Republic of	20	0	10	1,590	800	785
Tunisia	0	0	0	255	135	125
Other places of birth in Africa	60	25	40	6,870	3,400	3,470
Asia	580	280	300	137,110	65,055	72,050
Afghanistan	10	0	0	810	435	375
Bangladesh	15	10	10	1,355	635	715
China^{Census data footnote 59}	60	35	20	10,525	4,700	5,825
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	0	0	10	750	305	450
India	95	70	25	28,820	14,915	13,900
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	40	10	25	3,265	1,665	1,600
Iraq	0	0	0	2,010	1,045	960
Israel	0	0	0	480	250	230
Japan	0	0	0	665	195	475
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	10	0	0	3,840	1,710	2,125
Lebanon	0	0	0	1,470	755	710
Nepal	40	25	10	2,615	1,380	1,240
Pakistan	30	10	25	6,910	3,420	3,490
Philippines	155	40	115	59,390	26,960	32,435
Saudi Arabia	15	10	10	820	435	385
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	1,345	650	695
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	20	0	15	3,340	1,705	1,630
Taiwan	10	0	10	505	165	340
Turkey	0	0	0	390	215	180
United Arab Emirates	10	0	0	810	430	375
Viet Nam	10	0	0	2,040	795	1,240
Other places of birth in Asia	80	45	30	4,965	2,285	2,680
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	25	25	0	1,980	1,135	845
Australia	20	20	0	1,065	600	465
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	10	10	0	915	535	375
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	227,455	113,290	114,165	3,978,145	1,998,500	1,979,650
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	17,195	8,570	8,630	938,500	460,015	478,480
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	34,520	16,820	17,700	742,455	374,065	368,390
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	175,735	87,900	87,835	2,297,195	1,164,420	1,132,775
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	5,835	2,925	2,915	694,945	337,380	357,565
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	2,405	1,255	1,145	387,275	195,845	191,430
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	1,045	680	365	154,700	96,855	57,850
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	1,360	580	780	232,570	98,990	133,575
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	2,420	1,090	1,330	198,575	81,650	116,920
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	975	560	415	103,785	57,130	46,650
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	45	15	25	5,320	2,745	2,570
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	227,455	113,290	114,165	3,978,145	1,998,495	1,979,650
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	58,955	29,145	29,805	258,640	125,445	133,195
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	58,275	28,805	29,475	253,460	123,115	130,340
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	48,665	24,115	24,550	136,585	65,755	70,835
Métis	9,550	4,660	4,890	114,370	56,170	58,200
Inuk (Inuit)	60	25	40	2,500	1,195	1,305
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	350	190	160	2,905	1,350	1,555
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	325	155	170	2,280	975	1,300
Non-Aboriginal identity	168,505	84,145	84,355	3,719,505	1,873,055	1,846,450
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	227,455	113,290	114,165	3,978,145	1,998,500	1,979,645
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	47,035	23,315	23,720	123,235	59,065	64,170
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	180,425	89,980	90,445	3,854,915	1,939,430	1,915,475
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	227,455	113,290	114,165	3,978,145	1,998,500	1,979,645
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	36,970	18,530	18,435	103,600	50,680	52,915
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	36,805	18,460	18,340	99,940	48,860	51,070
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	35,670	17,865	17,805	81,685	39,815	41,870
Métis single ancestry	1,100	590	510	17,515	8,690	8,820
Inuit single ancestry	35	0	25	735	355	380
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	165	75	90	3,665	1,820	1,845
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	160	65	90	3,490	1,725	1,765
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	10	0	0	105	55	50
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	50	35	15
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	20	0	15
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	22,535	10,945	11,590	200,215	97,055	103,160
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	21,720	10,595	11,125	189,830	92,295	97,530
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	14,350	7,010	7,340	104,875	50,595	54,280
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	7,255	3,535	3,720	82,585	40,530	42,060
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	115	50	65	2,365	1,170	1,195
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	815	355	465	10,385	4,760	5,625
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	755	330	430	9,760	4,465	5,295
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	40	10	30	310	155	155
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	20	10	0	270	110	160
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	40	25	20
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	167,950	83,810	84,140	3,674,330	1,850,760	1,823,570
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	227,460	113,290	114,165	3,978,145	1,998,495	1,979,645
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	6,455	3,265	3,185	933,165	461,460	471,705
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	1,215	655	555	230,930	118,535	112,390
Chinese	905	440	465	158,200	77,035	81,165
Black	975	555	420	129,390	66,960	62,440
Filipino	850	330	520	166,195	74,770	91,425
Latin American	450	235	215	55,090	27,560	27,525
Arab	410	230	180	56,700	30,245	26,450
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	615	270	350	43,985	21,025	22,960
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	175	95	80	20,980	11,010	9,965
Korean	210	105	95	21,275	10,130	11,145
Japanese	315	180	135	12,165	5,495	6,670
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	70	40	35	9,900	4,700	5,205
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	260	140	120	28,360	13,985	14,375
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	221,005	110,020	110,980	3,044,980	1,537,040	1,507,940
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	227,455	113,290	114,165	3,978,150	1,998,500	1,979,645
North American Aboriginal origins	59,505	29,475	30,030	303,815	147,735	156,075
First Nations (North American Indian)	50,985	25,285	25,700	200,290	96,845	103,445
Inuit	215	80	130	3,900	1,915	1,985
Métis	9,290	4,535	4,755	113,735	55,590	58,150
Other North American origins	53,600	26,885	26,720	955,040	486,735	468,305
Acadian	200	95	105	5,545	2,970	2,570
American	2,400	1,145	1,255	72,355	35,480	36,875
Canadian	51,805	26,025	25,780	902,315	460,335	441,975
New Brunswicker	25	10	15	50	35	15
Newfoundlander	195	125	70	1,985	1,135	850
Nova Scotian	10	0	0	190	115	70
Ontarian	30	10	20	110	65	45
Québécois	80	40	45	1,380	750	630
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	15	10	10	415	210	205
European origins	163,025	80,715	82,305	2,580,720	1,292,280	1,288,440
British Isles origins	96,815	47,215	49,600	1,581,265	787,205	794,060
Channel Islander	10	0	0	225	115	115
Cornish	10	0	0	210	90	115
English	55,815	27,110	28,705	899,440	444,010	455,440
Irish	38,195	18,215	19,980	596,750	288,710	308,040
Manx	35	30	10	945	450	495
Scottish	43,635	21,285	22,350	704,205	347,740	356,460
Welsh	3,605	1,750	1,860	80,455	38,715	41,740
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	3,465	1,715	1,755	90,865	44,055	46,815
French origins	37,555	18,325	19,230	411,560	201,160	210,395
Alsatian	0	0	0	200	120	80
Breton	15	0	10	60	25	35
Corsican	0	0	0	125	65	70
French	37,530	18,315	19,215	411,315	201,030	210,290
Western European origins (except French origins)	34,310	17,055	17,255	915,185	455,115	460,065
Austrian	1,505	740	765	39,530	19,225	20,305
Bavarian	0	0	0	110	60	55
Belgian	735	420	315	21,210	10,320	10,890
Dutch	8,185	4,200	3,985	195,720	97,735	97,990
Flemish	125	50	80	2,005	870	1,140
Frisian	30	10	20	685	380	305
German	25,220	12,415	12,805	712,955	353,755	359,195
Luxembourger	20	15	0	680	355	320
Swiss	1,370	610	760	24,310	11,905	12,410
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	10	0	0	830	390	440
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	34,350	16,570	17,780	329,990	159,695	170,295
Danish	2,205	1,155	1,045	60,380	29,240	31,135
Finnish	17,630	8,575	9,055	17,755	8,780	8,975
Icelandic	1,645	790	860	20,225	10,050	10,175
Norwegian	6,405	3,005	3,400	156,595	75,160	81,430
Swedish	10,625	4,920	5,710	97,840	46,445	51,385
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	545	295	255	13,515	7,005	6,505
Eastern European origins	39,530	19,375	20,145	685,270	336,430	348,845
Bulgarian	75	30	50	2,935	1,510	1,425
Byelorussian	60	20	40	2,200	1,165	1,035
Czech	590	340	250	20,865	10,405	10,460
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	490	225	260	10,055	4,800	5,255
Estonian	380	175	200	2,715	1,240	1,470
Hungarian	1,830	875	950	56,270	27,385	28,885
Latvian	305	150	150	3,245	1,585	1,660
Lithuanian	320	135	190	6,090	2,915	3,175
Moldovan	0	0	0	1,585	790	790
Polish	12,525	6,375	6,155	186,510	91,115	95,395
Romanian	800	315	490	34,230	16,520	17,710
Russian	2,330	1,175	1,150	107,800	51,840	55,960
Slovak	2,505	1,100	1,405	11,010	5,495	5,515
Ukrainian	24,745	12,085	12,655	369,090	181,600	187,490
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	60	50	15	1,910	1,015	895
Southern European origins	25,075	12,740	12,330	215,725	107,495	108,230
Albanian	10	0	0	2,935	1,555	1,385
Bosnian	45	25	25	3,870	1,985	1,890
Catalan	10	0	0	85	55	25
Croatian	1,355	690	660	14,220	7,535	6,690
Cypriot	0	0	0	160	90	70
Greek	970	500	470	15,025	7,790	7,235
Italian	20,330	10,350	9,980	101,265	50,975	50,285
Kosovar	0	0	0	420	210	210
Macedonian	25	20	10	1,015	485	535
Maltese	50	25	25	1,560	845	715
Montenegrin	0	0	0	290	185	105
Portuguese	1,485	780	710	22,385	11,395	10,985
Serbian	255	125	130	7,755	3,875	3,875
Sicilian	25	20	10	330	160	170
Slovenian	380	180	205	3,885	2,010	1,875
Spanish	665	295	365	48,055	22,225	25,835
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	365	165	200	5,120	2,495	2,625
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	0	10	10	245	120	125
Other European origins	715	355	360	22,805	11,700	11,105
Basque	15	10	10	425	210	215
Jewish	270	125	145	9,780	4,890	4,885
Roma (Gypsy)	60	15	40	465	220	245
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	20	0	15	995	505	490
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	350	200	155	11,255	5,940	5,310
Caribbean origins	530	295	230	36,120	18,050	18,070
Antiguan	0	0	0	455	265	190
Bahamian	20	0	15	310	180	130
Barbadian	65	40	20	2,065	980	1,080
Bermudan	10	10	0	210	120	90
Carib	10	0	10	135	45	85
Cuban	45	20	20	2,175	1,110	1,060
Dominican	0	0	0	930	530	395
Grenadian	20	15	0	595	300	295
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	30	20	0	2,235	1,210	1,025
Jamaican	250	140	110	17,325	8,540	8,785
Kittitian/Nevisian	0	0	0	95	65	30
Martinican	0	0	0	10	0	0
Montserratan	0	0	0	30	10	25
Puerto Rican	0	0	0	460	225	240
St. Lucian	10	0	0	595	295	300
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	65	30	35	5,180	2,685	2,490
Vincentian/Grenadinian	0	0	0	535	215	325
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	25	15	10	2,670	1,275	1,395
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	10	10	0	2,305	1,110	1,200
Latin, Central and South American origins	955	485	470	78,405	39,030	39,375
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	0	0	0	1,980	965	1,015
Arawak	0	0	0	105	30	70
Argentinian	15	0	10	1,385	705	680
Belizean	45	20	25	445	250	190
Bolivian	0	10	0	590	305	285
Brazilian	80	20	60	3,030	1,330	1,700
Chilean	80	45	45	8,105	4,115	3,990
Colombian	85	45	40	12,585	6,060	6,525
Costa Rican	30	15	10	575	270	305
Ecuadorian	10	0	10	890	405	485
Guatemalan	35	10	20	2,395	1,270	1,120
Guyanese	55	45	15	3,095	1,545	1,555
Hispanic	10	10	0	1,785	905	885
Honduran	20	0	15	760	405	355
Maya	10	0	0	580	310	275
Mexican	310	165	145	22,475	11,430	11,045
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	1,675	825	855
Panamanian	0	0	0	320	150	170
Paraguayan	0	0	0	340	155	190
Peruvian	20	15	0	2,740	1,245	1,495
Salvadorean	70	35	35	8,810	4,545	4,270
Uruguayan	0	0	0	315	180	135
Venezuelan	10	10	10	4,690	2,295	2,390
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	70	45	25	3,430	1,735	1,695
African origins	1,165	685	480	136,510	70,620	65,885
Central and West African origins	305	185	115	33,170	17,430	15,735
Akan	0	0	0	130	80	50
Angolan	0	0	0	295	155	140
Ashanti	10	0	0	130	70	55
Beninese	0	0	0	200	90	105
Burkinabe	0	0	0	100	50	50
Cameroonian	15	10	0	2,040	1,010	1,035
Chadian	0	0	0	75	55	20
Congolese	20	0	10	4,095	2,100	1,990
Edo	0	0	0	555	320	235
Ewe	0	0	0	125	70	55
Gabonese	0	0	0	25	10	20
Gambian	0	0	0	110	60	50
Ghanaian	90	60	25	4,470	2,365	2,100
Guinean	0	0	0	455	235	215
Ibo	0	0	0	1,760	935	825
Ivorian	0	0	0	655	355	295
Liberian	10	0	0	1,040	495	540
Malian	0	0	0	70	45	25
Malinké	0	0	0	95	55	45
Nigerian	80	40	40	13,010	6,815	6,200
Peulh	0	0	0	105	70	35
Senegalese	0	0	10	575	370	205
Sierra Leonean	40	25	15	740	395	345
Togolese	0	0	0	150	70	80
Wolof	0	0	0	70	45	25
Yoruba	15	0	0	2,990	1,600	1,385
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	55	35	20	1,865	985	875
North African origins	170	110	60	23,235	12,305	10,935
Algerian	20	15	0	1,620	805	815
Berber	10	10	0	685	415	270
Coptic	0	0	0	225	115	110
Dinka	0	0	0	565	320	250
Egyptian	30	25	10	8,525	4,515	4,010
Libyan	25	10	15	1,300	665	635
Maure	0	0	0	95	70	25
Moroccan	0	0	0	2,510	1,380	1,130
Sudanese	90	55	35	7,070	3,695	3,375
Tunisian	10	0	10	940	480	455
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	0	0	0	575	315	260
Southern and East African origins	250	160	90	56,560	29,285	27,275
Afrikaner	15	10	0	315	155	160
Amhara	0	0	0	450	240	215
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	0	0	0	700	395	310
Burundian	0	0	0	975	555	420
Djiboutian	0	0	0	170	90	75
Eritrean	0	0	0	7,960	4,250	3,715
Ethiopian	15	10	10	13,225	6,710	6,510
Harari	0	0	0	165	85	80
Kenyan	0	0	0	2,175	1,035	1,140
Malagasy	0	0	0	125	55	70
Mauritian	15	10	0	550	310	235
Oromo	0	0	0	1,355	765	595
Rwandan	0	0	0	1,420	745	675
Seychellois	0	0	0	35	25	10
Somali	15	0	0	14,100	7,315	6,790
South African	145	105	45	6,635	3,310	3,320
Tanzanian	0	0	0	1,030	525	505
Tigrian	0	0	0	700	380	320
Ugandan	0	10	0	1,155	645	510
Zambian	0	10	0	265	155	110
Zimbabwean	10	10	0	2,590	1,300	1,285
Zulu	10	0	0	295	135	160
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	30	20	10	3,875	2,010	1,870
Other African origins	465	245	215	26,150	12,995	13,155
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	45	30	20	2,525	1,220	1,305
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	415	215	200	23,960	11,950	12,010
Asian origins	5,575	2,755	2,820	756,335	370,390	385,945
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	1,105	595	510	97,355	51,035	46,315
Afghan	50	35	10	8,540	4,545	3,995
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	230	130	100	10,470	5,690	4,780
Armenian	35	25	10	1,780	865	910
Assyrian	25	15	10	560	300	255
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	615	280	335
Georgian	10	0	10	400	230	165
Hazara	0	0	0	365	190	170
Iranian	205	105	100	13,925	7,220	6,705
Iraqi	15	10	10	6,165	3,250	2,915
Israeli	15	10	0	1,565	830	740
Jordanian	0	0	0	1,325	670	655
Kazakh	0	0	0	565	260	310
Kurd	10	0	0	2,040	1,160	880
Kuwaiti	0	0	0	185	110	80
Kyrgyz	0	0	0	200	110	90
Lebanese	310	155	150	32,365	16,835	15,525
Palestinian	10	0	0	4,880	2,675	2,210
Pashtun	0	0	0	645	305	345
Saudi Arabian	85	45	40	390	205	180
Syrian	70	45	20	7,215	3,605	3,610
Tajik	0	0	0	265	160	105
Tatar	0	0	0	530	215	315
Turk	50	25	30	5,745	3,155	2,595
Turkmen	0	0	0	105	55	50
Uighur	0	0	0	270	125	140
Uzbek	0	0	0	485	225	260
Yemeni	10	0	10	930	440	485
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	25	10	15	2,445	1,305	1,140
South Asian origins	1,185	650	535	231,550	118,855	112,695
Bangladeshi	105	70	35	4,155	2,085	2,070
Bengali	10	0	10	1,660	870	790
Bhutanese	0	0	0	815	410	400
East Indian	790	415	375	174,510	89,140	85,370
Goan	0	0	0	495	265	225
Gujarati	10	0	0	855	445	410
Kashmiri	0	0	0	720	355	365
Nepali	45	35	10	4,600	2,490	2,110
Pakistani	100	60	35	29,265	15,075	14,190
Punjabi	40	30	10	15,645	8,230	7,420
Sinhalese	0	0	0	750	400	355
Sri Lankan	35	10	25	5,585	2,885	2,695
Tamil	15	10	0	1,050	565	485
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	80	35	45	4,845	2,500	2,335
East and Southeast Asian origins	3,330	1,520	1,815	431,135	202,400	228,735
Burmese	55	30	20	1,270	650	615
Cambodian (Khmer)	20	0	10	4,260	2,245	2,015
Chinese	1,175	575	605	188,280	90,735	97,545
Filipino	905	355	555	175,130	79,150	95,975
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	85	45	45	3,005	1,425	1,575
Japanese	460	235	220	16,595	7,510	9,085
Karen	275	125	155	740	390	345
Korean	200	110	95	22,410	10,655	11,755
Laotian	20	10	10	2,050	1,020	1,030
Malaysian	20	0	15	2,970	1,340	1,630
Mongolian	60	35	25	1,565	725	835
Singaporean	0	0	0	370	180	190
Taiwanese	10	0	0	1,995	855	1,140
Thai	20	10	15	2,735	980	1,750
Tibetan	0	10	0	965	500	465
Vietnamese	230	100	130	36,780	17,720	19,060
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	0	10	0	735	385	345
Other Asian origins	50	35	20	3,115	1,580	1,530
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	50	30	20	3,115	1,585	1,530
Oceania origins	215	115	105	15,500	7,825	7,680
Australian	115	60	55	7,785	3,975	3,810
New Zealander	65	35	30	2,905	1,535	1,370
Pacific Islands origins	40	15	25	5,150	2,510	2,635
Fijian	0	0	0	3,325	1,580	1,745
Hawaiian	10	0	10	425	190	235
Maori	25	10	20	640	325	320
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	0	0	0	205	105	95
Samoan	0	0	0	280	180	100
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	0	0	0	375	195	180
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	95,365	...	...	1,527,680	...	...
Owner	66,450	...	...	1,105,795	...	...
Renter	23,075	...	...	412,150	...	...
Band housing	5,835	...	...	9,730	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	95,360	...	...	1,527,675	...	...
Condominium	2,335	...	...	256,015	...	...
Not condominium	93,020	...	...	1,271,660	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	95,365	...	...	1,527,680	...	...
No bedrooms	220	...	...	5,440	...	...
1 bedroom	9,765	...	...	139,820	...	...
2 bedrooms	23,780	...	...	322,370	...	...
3 bedrooms	37,870	...	...	540,505	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	23,720	...	...	519,545	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	95,360	...	...	1,527,680	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	21,235	...	...	358,650	...	...
5 rooms	17,445	...	...	238,870	...	...
6 rooms	17,175	...	...	224,335	...	...
7 rooms	13,190	...	...	201,560	...	...
8 or more rooms	26,315	...	...	504,270	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.3	...	...	6.5	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	95,365	...	...	1,527,675	...	...
One person or fewer per room	93,520	...	...	1,494,875	...	...
More than 1 person per room	1,840	...	...	32,805	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	95,365	...	...	1,527,675	...	...
Suitable	90,925	...	...	1,458,550	...	...
Not suitable	4,440	...	...	69,125	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	95,365	...	...	1,527,680	...	...
1960 or before	32,505	...	...	177,780	...	...
1961 to 1980	30,405	...	...	439,505	...	...
1981 to 1990	13,045	...	...	193,360	...	...
1991 to 2000	10,030	...	...	216,410	...	...
2001 to 2005	3,435	...	...	157,420	...	...
2006 to 2010	3,015	...	...	180,645	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	2,925	...	...	162,560	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	95,365	...	...	1,527,680	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	84,020	...	...	1,440,440	...	...
Major repairs needed	11,340	...	...	87,240	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	95,365	...	...	1,527,680	...	...
1 household maintainer	58,900	...	...	873,125	...	...
2 household maintainers	34,870	...	...	605,830	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	1,595	...	...	48,725	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	95,360	...	...	1,527,680	...	...
15 to 24 years	2,900	...	...	53,955	...	...
25 to 34 years	12,265	...	...	281,820	...	...
35 to 44 years	14,080	...	...	307,930	...	...
45 to 54 years	18,500	...	...	310,435	...	...
55 to 64 years	21,310	...	...	288,480	...	...
65 to 74 years	14,780	...	...	169,505	...	...
75 to 84 years	8,310	...	...	86,970	...	...
85 years and over	3,210	...	...	28,585	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	87,020	...	...	1,479,270	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	71,070	...	...	1,170,780	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	15,945	...	...	308,485	...	...
30% to less than 100%	14,300	...	...	268,795	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	64,680	...	...	1,075,465	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	51.4	...	...	65.2	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	10.5	...	...	15.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	843	...	...	1,481	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,027	...	...	1,531	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	200,692	...	...	400,104	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	238,381	...	...	449,790	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	22,375	...	...	410,225	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	25.4	...	...	10.4	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	40.9	...	...	36.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	803	...	...	1,243	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	830	...	...	1,279	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	187,735	92,840	94,900	3,206,050	1,602,810	1,603,235
No certificate, diploma or degree	47,380	24,350	23,030	540,665	284,020	256,640
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	48,350	23,340	25,010	895,885	440,665	455,220
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	92,010	45,150	46,860	1,769,500	878,130	891,375
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	16,825	13,480	3,340	309,465	242,160	67,305
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	7,540	5,310	2,230	94,735	56,255	38,480
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	9,285	8,170	1,110	214,730	185,905	28,825
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	42,330	17,730	24,605	615,480	250,590	364,895
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,650	1,585	2,065	94,620	36,875	57,750
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	29,200	12,355	16,845	749,930	348,510	401,425
Bachelor's degree	21,340	8,560	12,780	530,085	235,610	294,470
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	2,015	850	1,160	39,955	18,075	21,880
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	880	500	380	21,850	11,810	10,045
Master's degree	4,135	1,940	2,195	133,265	67,215	66,055
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	835	505	325	24,770	15,805	8,965
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	119,995	59,315	60,685	2,257,820	1,131,030	1,126,795
No certificate, diploma or degree	20,615	11,195	9,415	244,755	136,085	108,675
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	30,445	15,000	15,450	569,435	283,290	286,145
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	68,940	33,115	35,820	1,443,635	711,655	731,975
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	11,420	9,280	2,140	238,220	189,180	49,035
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	5,070	3,665	1,405	69,415	42,445	26,970
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	6,350	5,620	735	168,805	146,740	22,065
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	32,705	13,705	19,000	496,375	203,350	293,020
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,455	1,045	1,410	73,315	29,315	44,005
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	22,350	9,080	13,275	635,730	289,810	345,920
Bachelor's degree	16,290	6,365	9,915	448,235	197,045	251,195
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,480	605	870	32,095	14,155	17,940
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	635	305	325	18,855	9,505	9,350
Master's degree	3,320	1,420	1,895	116,975	57,230	59,740
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	635	380	260	19,570	11,875	7,695
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	187,740	92,840	94,900	3,206,045	1,602,810	1,603,235
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	95,735	47,690	48,040	1,436,545	724,680	711,865
Education	7,880	2,030	5,850	121,930	29,000	92,930
13. Education	7,885	2,035	5,850	121,930	29,000	92,930
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,940	1,015	920	49,660	20,960	28,705
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	485	375	110	9,130	6,305	2,820
50. Visual and performing arts	1,455	640	815	40,535	14,650	25,885
Humanities	3,635	1,535	2,100	69,305	27,480	41,830
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	150	30	120	6,790	1,620	5,170
23. English language and literature/letters	1,010	320	690	15,110	4,270	10,840
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,120	400	720	20,660	7,275	13,390
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	10	0	0	225	105	125
38. Philosophy and religious studies	145	75	70	4,890	2,750	2,140
39. Theology and religious vocations	475	295	185	11,435	6,560	4,865
54. History	585	390	195	8,600	4,560	4,045
55. French language and literature/letters	145	20	125	1,595	345	1,250
Social and behavioural sciences and law	8,745	2,510	6,230	159,735	51,705	108,030
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	190	45	150	2,345	470	1,875
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	330	160	170	17,180	6,320	10,865
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	2,665	255	2,410	28,750	2,185	26,570
22. Legal professions and studies	955	325	625	29,000	9,355	19,645
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	290	30	260	2,190	605	1,580
42. Psychology	1,695	430	1,270	27,275	6,765	20,515
45. Social sciences	2,620	1,270	1,345	52,985	26,000	26,985
Business, management and public administration	15,880	4,885	10,995	361,530	133,045	228,485
30.16 Accounting and computer science	35	0	30	670	155	520
44. Public administration and social service professions	3,325	645	2,680	21,565	4,015	17,555
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	12,520	4,240	8,280	339,295	128,885	210,410
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,765	1,530	1,235	72,850	38,330	34,525
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,250	610	640	25,850	10,955	14,895
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	500	255	250	15,410	7,270	8,145
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	55	35	15	555	170	385
40. Physical sciences	795	570	225	26,130	17,875	8,255
41. Science technologies/technicians	160	55	105	4,900	2,055	2,845
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,700	845	855	60,830	37,710	23,120
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,215	710	505	48,975	32,855	16,125
25. Library science	320	20	300	4,295	515	3,780
27. Mathematics and statistics	160	110	50	7,050	4,020	3,035
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	10	10	0	515	330	185
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	22,280	21,165	1,110	463,185	415,665	47,520
04. Architecture and related services	410	305	100	11,325	7,140	4,190
14. Engineering	2,105	1,870	235	110,345	89,275	21,070
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	4,640	4,205	435	84,800	72,145	12,655
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	60	10	50
46. Construction trades	5,105	5,010	95	100,370	96,810	3,560
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	6,980	6,850	130	103,880	100,100	3,785
48. Precision production	3,045	2,920	120	52,400	50,195	2,205
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	2,915	2,205	715	44,270	27,245	17,025
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	590	365	225	28,440	17,860	10,580
03. Natural resources and conservation	2,325	1,840	490	15,830	9,390	6,445
Health and related fields	16,760	2,985	13,775	270,920	51,220	219,700
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	1,255	575	680	19,300	9,110	10,195
51. Health professions and related programs	15,260	2,270	12,990	245,265	38,460	206,810
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	240	140	100	6,350	3,650	2,695
Personal, protective and transportation services	7,510	4,440	3,070	95,140	45,720	49,415
12. Personal and culinary services	3,080	790	2,290	57,285	14,985	42,305
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	15	10	10	250	230	20
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	20	20	0	740	655	85
43. Security and protective services	1,990	1,420	570	16,985	11,590	5,400
49. Transportation and materials moving	2,405	2,205	195	19,880	18,270	1,610
Other	10	0	10	150	60	95
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	0	0	0	145	60	95
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	120,000	59,310	60,685	2,257,820	1,131,025	1,126,795
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	51,060	26,195	24,860	814,190	419,370	394,820
Education	5,570	1,345	4,220	91,020	19,920	71,105
13. Education	5,570	1,345	4,220	91,025	19,920	71,100
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,395	705	690	40,255	16,670	23,585
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	330	235	95	7,095	4,810	2,285
50. Visual and performing arts	1,065	470	595	33,155	11,860	21,300
Humanities	2,525	1,040	1,480	55,985	21,840	34,145
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	125	25	100	5,690	1,310	4,380
23. English language and literature/letters	680	205	475	12,345	3,425	8,920
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	820	285	540	17,320	6,020	11,300
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	10	0	0	200	95	100
38. Philosophy and religious studies	95	50	40	3,930	2,205	1,725
39. Theology and religious vocations	330	220	105	8,500	4,960	3,545
54. History	390	240	145	6,855	3,565	3,285
55. French language and literature/letters	90	15	80	1,140	245	895
Social and behavioural sciences and law	6,925	1,825	5,100	135,545	42,855	92,685
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	170	35	140	2,025	425	1,600
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	260	130	135	14,880	5,360	9,520
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	2,215	230	1,985	23,730	1,770	21,960
22. Legal professions and studies	805	240	565	25,095	7,395	17,705
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	245	25	220	1,790	530	1,255
42. Psychology	1,280	285	990	22,460	5,290	17,170
45. Social sciences	1,955	890	1,065	45,565	22,095	23,465
Business, management and public administration	12,490	3,755	8,740	301,995	110,825	191,170
30.16 Accounting and computer science	35	0	30	560	135	420
44. Public administration and social service professions	2,770	520	2,250	18,035	3,130	14,910
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	9,690	3,235	6,455	283,400	107,560	175,840
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,105	1,145	960	58,120	29,655	28,465
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,020	515	515	20,925	8,620	12,310
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	350	170	180	12,175	5,740	6,435
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	30	25	10	460	155	305
40. Physical sciences	605	415	190	20,785	13,645	7,140
41. Science technologies/technicians	95	25	70	3,775	1,500	2,270
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,380	705	675	53,975	33,590	20,385
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,030	610	420	44,735	29,980	14,750
25. Library science	240	15	225	3,400	440	2,965
27. Mathematics and statistics	105	75	30	5,420	2,915	2,500
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	10	0	0	420	255	165
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	16,065	15,175	885	376,875	335,210	41,670
04. Architecture and related services	335	240	95	9,335	5,630	3,710
14. Engineering	1,485	1,305	185	95,005	75,840	19,170
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	3,520	3,175	345	69,300	58,610	10,690
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	55	10	50
46. Construction trades	3,685	3,605	80	80,455	77,430	3,020
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	4,965	4,865	95	81,470	78,290	3,180
48. Precision production	2,075	1,995	85	41,255	39,405	1,850
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	2,290	1,655	630	35,820	21,060	14,760
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	425	235	190	21,990	12,970	9,025
03. Natural resources and conservation	1,860	1,420	440	13,825	8,090	5,740
Health and related fields	12,345	2,280	10,065	217,640	42,225	175,410
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	945	410	535	15,955	7,530	8,425
51. Health professions and related programs	11,215	1,785	9,435	196,250	31,775	164,475
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	185	85	95	5,435	2,925	2,505
Personal, protective and transportation services	5,845	3,470	2,370	76,300	37,755	38,540
12. Personal and culinary services	2,295	580	1,710	44,755	12,085	32,670
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	10	10	190	170	20
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	460	410	50
43. Security and protective services	1,600	1,090	515	14,100	9,595	4,505
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,930	1,785	145	16,795	15,490	1,305
Other	10	0	10	115	55	60
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	10	0	0	110	55	60
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	187,740	92,840	94,900	3,206,045	1,602,810	1,603,235
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	95,730	47,690	48,040	1,436,545	724,685	711,865
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	92,010	45,150	46,860	1,769,505	878,130	891,370
Location of study inside Canada	86,680	42,480	44,205	1,424,855	709,950	714,905
Same as province or territory of residence	77,120	38,020	39,100	1,064,560	530,135	534,430
Different than province or territory of residence	9,560	4,460	5,105	360,290	179,815	180,475
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	5,325	2,675	2,655	344,645	168,180	176,465
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	2,240	1,110	1,130	45,690	25,545	20,145
Philippines	325	100	225	68,760	26,480	42,280
India	270	135	130	41,560	21,025	20,535
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	525	280	245	28,630	16,255	12,370
China^{Census data footnote 162}	95	55	40	18,850	8,805	10,050
France	40	20	15	2,150	1,275	875
Other	1,840	970	875	139,010	68,800	70,210
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	119,995	59,315	60,680	2,257,820	1,131,030	1,126,795
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	51,060	26,200	24,860	814,190	419,375	394,820
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	68,935	33,115	35,820	1,443,630	711,655	731,980
Location of study inside Canada	65,550	31,535	34,015	1,150,780	572,180	578,595
Same as province or territory of residence	58,540	28,350	30,185	857,370	426,365	431,010
Different than province or territory of residence	7,010	3,180	3,825	293,410	145,820	147,590
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	3,390	1,585	1,805	292,850	139,470	153,380
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	1,415	595	820	34,655	18,640	16,015
Philippines	275	85	185	64,000	24,435	39,565
India	185	105	85	37,240	18,505	18,740
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	220	120	95	20,065	11,390	8,675
China^{Census data footnote 162}	85	45	35	16,600	7,630	8,965
France	30	20	15	1,870	1,105	765
Other	1,180	605	570	118,425	57,770	60,655
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	187,740	92,840	94,900	3,206,050	1,602,810	1,603,235
In the labour force	113,320	58,235	55,085	2,302,945	1,238,280	1,064,655
Employed	102,865	51,795	51,075	2,096,105	1,114,360	981,745
Unemployed	10,455	6,445	4,015	206,835	123,925	82,910
Not in the labour force	74,420	34,605	39,815	903,105	364,525	538,580
Participation rate	60.4	62.7	58.0	71.8	77.3	66.4
Employment rate	54.8	55.8	53.8	65.4	69.5	61.2
Unemployment rate	9.2	11.1	7.3	9.0	10.0	7.8
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	187,740	92,840	94,900	3,206,050	1,602,810	1,603,235
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	67,830	31,295	36,530	806,150	318,845	487,310
Worked	119,905	61,540	58,365	2,399,895	1,283,965	1,115,930
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	58,375	31,665	26,715	1,193,860	698,530	495,330
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	61,535	29,880	31,655	1,206,035	585,430	620,595
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.5	41.2	41.8	42.5	43.1	41.7
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	113,320	58,235	55,085	2,302,940	1,238,285	1,064,660
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	2,695	1,570	1,130	40,005	18,650	21,360
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	110,620	56,665	53,955	2,262,935	1,219,635	1,043,300
Employee	101,850	51,275	50,570	1,984,225	1,042,630	941,595
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	8,775	5,390	3,385	278,710	177,010	101,705
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	113,320	58,235	55,085	2,302,940	1,238,280	1,064,660
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	2,695	1,565	1,130	40,010	18,645	21,360
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	110,625	56,670	53,955	2,262,935	1,219,635	1,043,300
0 Management occupations	9,690	5,660	4,030	261,505	167,260	94,245
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	14,765	3,475	11,285	353,965	95,685	258,280
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	5,600	4,615	990	175,025	136,240	38,795
3 Health occupations	9,435	1,845	7,585	150,415	28,130	122,290
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	17,175	5,345	11,825	228,325	74,105	154,220
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	2,100	855	1,245	50,170	19,960	30,210
6 Sales and service occupations	25,750	10,690	15,055	491,495	204,245	287,255
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	19,255	18,185	1,065	406,495	376,375	30,120
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	3,785	3,285	495	72,465	59,465	13,000
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	3,075	2,695	380	73,070	58,170	14,895
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	113,320	58,235	55,085	2,302,940	1,238,280	1,064,660
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	2,695	1,565	1,130	40,005	18,650	21,360
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	110,625	56,670	53,955	2,262,935	1,219,630	1,043,305
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	2,955	2,260	695	64,035	43,045	20,990
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	3,390	2,930	460	142,490	109,105	33,390
22 Utilities	1,260	1,090	170	21,940	15,345	6,595
23 Construction	8,805	7,865	940	236,370	201,640	34,730
31-33 Manufacturing	5,650	4,710	940	127,535	96,045	31,490
41 Wholesale trade	2,095	1,590	500	80,610	56,840	23,775
44-45 Retail trade	13,110	6,160	6,950	249,880	115,065	134,810
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	5,925	4,665	1,265	115,295	83,675	31,620
51 Information and cultural industries	1,705	995	710	33,045	18,625	14,420
52 Finance and insurance	2,165	640	1,525	69,225	25,230	43,995
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,290	760	525	41,520	23,075	18,450
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	4,415	2,305	2,110	167,800	94,565	73,240
55 Management of companies and enterprises	35	20	15	5,560	2,760	2,795
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	3,250	1,875	1,380	87,350	49,595	37,760
61 Educational services	10,270	3,055	7,215	147,270	44,160	103,110
62 Health care and social assistance	19,135	3,725	15,410	245,875	41,235	204,645
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,785	890	895	44,880	21,550	23,335
72 Accommodation and food services	8,645	3,300	5,345	153,790	62,220	91,570
81 Other services (except public administration)	4,620	2,225	2,395	105,865	50,455	55,405
91 Public administration	10,125	5,600	4,520	122,595	65,420	57,175
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	102,865	51,795	51,070	2,096,110	1,114,360	981,745
Worked at home	4,335	2,005	2,330	162,465	77,935	84,530
Worked outside Canada	250	140	110	6,270	4,715	1,555
No fixed workplace address	11,500	8,720	2,780	307,065	236,995	70,070
Worked at usual place	86,775	40,930	45,845	1,620,310	794,720	825,595
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	86,780	40,930	45,850	1,620,310	794,720	825,595
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	68,475	31,310	37,170	1,186,170	554,850	631,330
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	16,120	8,155	7,970	358,010	190,730	167,280
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	1,620	1,075	545	64,360	41,925	22,435
Commute to a different province or territory	560	395	170	11,770	7,210	4,560
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	98,280	49,645	48,630	1,927,375	1,031,710	895,665
Car, truck, van - as a driver	79,555	40,580	38,975	1,497,440	832,890	664,545
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	6,300	2,835	3,460	99,635	40,215	59,420
Public transit	2,425	1,085	1,340	194,560	88,325	106,235
Walked	7,550	3,460	4,095	85,805	38,030	47,775
Bicycle	915	640	275	21,925	14,685	7,240
Other method	1,530	1,050	480	28,015	17,560	10,455
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	98,280	49,650	48,630	1,927,375	1,031,710	895,665
Less than 15 minutes	51,870	24,185	27,685	519,085	237,105	281,980
15 to 29 minutes	32,125	16,715	15,410	706,940	377,165	329,780
30 to 44 minutes	8,310	4,740	3,565	422,070	243,905	178,165
45 to 59 minutes	2,180	1,230	950	148,620	86,485	62,135
60 minutes and over	3,800	2,780	1,020	130,665	87,060	43,605
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	98,275	49,645	48,630	1,927,375	1,031,710	895,665
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	5,560	4,145	1,415	145,660	107,460	38,200
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	12,945	7,965	4,985	395,425	254,225	141,200
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	25,370	14,005	11,365	567,530	297,825	269,705
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	28,320	10,405	17,910	347,270	147,425	199,845
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	10,660	4,260	6,395	188,660	77,175	111,490
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	15,430	8,865	6,565	282,820	147,600	135,225
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	123,535	63,270	60,265	2,467,410	1,314,320	1,153,090
Single responses	122,550	62,840	59,710	2,446,600	1,304,240	1,142,360
Official languages	121,325	62,185	59,140	2,425,545	1,292,940	1,132,610
English	120,535	61,895	58,640	2,418,990	1,290,870	1,128,120
French	785	285	500	6,560	2,070	4,490
Non-official languages	1,225	660	570	21,055	11,305	9,750
Aboriginal languages	1,145	625	525	1,000	550	450
Algonquian languages	1,150	620	530	670	355	315
Blackfoot	0	0	0	75	50	30
Cree-Montagnais languages	260	165	90	565	295	270
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	10	10	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	30	10	20
Cree, n.o.s.	255	165	90	535	280	255
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	890	460	435	20	15	10
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	345	170	175	25	15	10
Oji-Cree	545	290	255	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	75	45	30
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	75	40	35
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	60	35	25
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	10	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	15	10	10
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	10	10	10
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	255	155	105
Dakota	0	0	0	15	10	10
Stoney	0	0	0	240	140	95
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	75	35	45	20,050	10,755	9,300
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	10	0	940	575	360
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	100	45	55
Bilen	0	0	0	10	0	10
Oromo	0	0	0	25	15	15
Somali	0	0	0	60	25	35
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	10	10	0	840	530	305
Amharic	0	0	0	85	50	35
Arabic	0	0	0	610	415	195
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	10	10	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	50	15	35
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	40	15	25
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	50	25	25
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	1,305	515	790
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	15	10	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	1,290	505	780
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	850	420	430
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	15	0	10
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	10	0	10
Ilocano	0	0	0	30	10	20
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	10	10	10
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	785	405	380
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	55	25	35
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	15	10	0
Tamil	0	0	0	35	15	15
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	40	20	20	8,280	4,855	3,425
Albanian	0	0	0	30	20	10
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	10	0	0	690	335	355
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	10	695	335	360
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	15	15	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Croatian	0	0	0	15	10	15
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Polish	10	0	0	220	135	85
Russian	0	0	0	275	120	160
Serbian	0	0	0	25	0	20
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	25	0	20
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	100	40	55
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	10	0	10	2,535	1,700	840
Afrikaans	0	0	0	30	10	20
Danish	0	0	0	10	0	10
Dutch	0	0	0	145	80	65
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	0	0	10	2,160	1,455	700
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Swedish	0	0	0	15	10	10
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	10
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	165	135	30
Greek	0	0	0	20	15	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	3,215	1,870	1,350
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	3,010	1,735	1,275
Bengali	0	0	0	25	10	15
Gujarati	0	0	0	75	15	60
Hindi	0	0	0	210	110	100
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	40	20	15
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	2,480	1,510	970
Sindhi	0	0	0	10	0	10
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	10	10	0
Urdu	0	0	0	155	50	100
Iranian languages	0	0	0	200	130	70
Kurdish	0	0	0	15	10	0
Pashto	0	0	0	15	15	0
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	175	105	70
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	30	20	10	1,780	920	860
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	30	10	15
Portuguese	0	0	0	140	70	70
Romanian	0	0	0	50	30	20
Spanish	30	20	10	1,560	800	760
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	195	75	125
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	785	350	435
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	35	10	30
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	30	10	25
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	10
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	10	10	230	120	115
American Sign Language	0	0	0	125	40	85
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	10	0	0	105	80	30
Sino-Tibetan languages	20	10	0	7,080	3,665	3,420
Chinese languages	15	10	10	7,035	3,635	3,400
Cantonese	10	10	0	4,545	2,340	2,205
Hakka	0	0	0	15	0	10
Mandarin	10	0	10	2,170	1,125	1,045
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	30	10	15
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	275	155	125
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	45	30	20
Burmese	0	0	0	10	10	10
Karenic languages	0	0	0	25	15	10
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	10
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	125	60	65
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	130	60	65
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	80	35	45
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	65	30	30
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	10	0	10
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Uralic languages	0	0	0	70	45	25
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	10	10	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	65	40	25
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Multiple responses	980	430	550	20,810	10,080	10,735
English and French	310	140	170	4,525	2,050	2,475
English and non-official language	665	285	375	15,935	7,860	8,075
French and non-official language	0	0	0	55	25	30
English, French and non-official language	10	0	0	295	140	155
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	123,530	63,270	60,260	2,467,410	1,314,320	1,153,095
None	115,755	59,645	56,110	2,370,575	1,264,955	1,105,620
English	1,325	600	730	13,805	6,540	7,270
French	2,080	1,015	1,070	23,920	11,380	12,545
Non-official language	4,300	1,985	2,310	57,640	30,700	26,935
Aboriginal	3,685	1,675	2,015	5,045	2,370	2,680
Non-Aboriginal	610	315	295	52,590	28,335	24,260
English and French	0	0	0	30	15	15
English and non-official language	0	0	0	215	105	110
French and non-official language	65	20	50	1,220	625	595
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	10	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	225,020	112,055	112,960	3,925,440	1,971,515	1,953,920
Non-movers	200,330	99,970	100,365	3,318,340	1,667,060	1,651,280
Movers	24,690	12,085	12,595	607,095	304,450	302,640
Non-migrants	15,535	7,570	7,960	394,230	199,640	194,590
Migrants	9,150	4,515	4,640	212,865	104,815	108,050
Internal migrants	8,545	4,255	4,295	166,390	82,335	84,055
Intraprovincial migrants	6,750	3,280	3,475	120,105	59,845	60,260
Interprovincial migrants	1,795	970	820	46,280	22,490	23,795
External migrants	605	260	345	46,475	22,480	23,995
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	214,610	106,705	107,900	3,714,635	1,863,450	1,851,190
Non-movers	149,200	74,500	74,700	2,052,580	1,028,510	1,024,070
Movers	65,415	32,210	33,205	1,662,055	834,935	827,120
Non-migrants	40,720	19,900	20,815	899,165	454,700	444,465
Migrants	24,700	12,310	12,385	762,890	380,235	382,655
Internal migrants	22,590	11,295	11,295	559,860	280,255	279,610
Intraprovincial migrants	17,705	8,740	8,965	333,775	165,900	167,875
Interprovincial migrants	4,885	2,560	2,325	226,090	114,355	111,730
External migrants	2,105	1,010	1,090	203,025	99,980	103,045

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 35 referrer

Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 36 referrer

Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Northwest [Economic region], Ontario and Alberta [Province] (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 6, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Northwest [Economic region], Ontario and Alberta [Province]

Census Profile, 2016 Census Northwest [Economic region], Ontario and Alberta [Province]

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Northwest [Economic region], Ontario and Alberta [Province]