Census Profile, 2016 Census
Southwest [Economic region], Manitoba and Manitoba [Province]

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Southwest Manitoba [Economic region]			Manitoba [Province]
	Data quality , Southwest [Economic region], Manitoba Map : Southwest [Economic region], Manitoba Change geography 1			Data quality : Manitoba [Province] Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	113,618	...	...	1,278,365	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	108,868	...	...	1,208,268	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	4.4	...	...	5.8	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	51,677	...	...	539,748	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	45,740	...	...	489,050	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	4.2	...	...	2.3	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	27,248.21	...	...	552,370.99	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	113,615	56,160	57,455	1,278,365	631,400	646,970
0 to 14 years	21,810	11,285	10,530	243,820	125,110	118,710
0 to 4 years	7,465	3,885	3,580	81,065	41,710	39,355
5 to 9 years	7,470	3,865	3,600	83,375	42,565	40,805
10 to 14 years	6,875	3,535	3,345	79,380	40,835	38,545
15 to 64 years	71,590	35,795	35,790	835,580	417,260	418,320
15 to 19 years	6,640	3,335	3,300	82,440	42,555	39,890
20 to 24 years	6,925	3,525	3,400	86,760	44,465	42,295
25 to 29 years	7,555	3,775	3,780	86,695	43,570	43,125
30 to 34 years	7,645	3,855	3,795	85,185	42,210	42,975
35 to 39 years	7,405	3,750	3,660	81,105	39,885	41,215
40 to 44 years	6,875	3,480	3,395	79,325	39,530	39,795
45 to 49 years	6,215	3,115	3,100	79,350	39,220	40,130
50 to 54 years	7,330	3,530	3,800	89,840	44,485	45,355
55 to 59 years	7,895	3,915	3,975	87,765	43,555	44,210
60 to 64 years	7,100	3,510	3,585	77,110	37,780	39,325
65 years and over	20,220	9,075	11,140	198,965	89,025	109,945
65 to 69 years	6,260	3,025	3,235	64,905	31,280	33,625
70 to 74 years	4,420	2,110	2,310	45,980	21,940	24,040
75 to 79 years	3,430	1,570	1,860	33,555	15,250	18,305
80 to 84 years	2,630	1,135	1,495	25,315	10,740	14,575
85 years and over	3,490	1,235	2,255	29,210	9,810	19,395
85 to 89 years	1,985	810	1,180	17,335	6,460	10,875
90 to 94 years	1,105	330	775	8,945	2,710	6,230
95 to 99 years	350	90	255	2,520	580	1,940
100 years and over	45	5	40	415	60	350
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	19.2	20.1	18.3	19.1	19.8	18.3
15 to 64 years	63.0	63.7	62.3	65.4	66.1	64.7
65 years and over	17.8	16.2	19.4	15.6	14.1	17.0
85 years and over	3.1	2.2	3.9	2.3	1.6	3.0
Average age of the population	40.3	39.1	41.3	39.2	38.2	40.2
Median age of the population	39.2	38.0	40.4	38.3	37.2	39.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	45,740	...	...	489,050	...	...
Single-detached house	32,155	...	...	331,420	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	715	...	...	39,080	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	10,275	...	...	108,120	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,355	...	...	15,865	...	...
Row house	2,150	...	...	17,225	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	725	...	...	7,065	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	5,930	...	...	67,205	...	...
Other single-attached house	115	...	...	755	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	2,595	...	...	10,435	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	45,740	...	...	489,050	...	...
1 person	13,285	...	...	135,500	...	...
2 persons	17,230	...	...	164,880	...	...
3 persons	6,070	...	...	71,065	...	...
4 persons	5,550	...	...	66,675	...	...
5 or more persons	3,610	...	...	50,930	...	...
Number of persons in private households	108,215	...	...	1,240,700	...	...
Average household size	2.4	...	...	2.5	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	91,810	44,875	46,935	1,034,545	506,280	528,260
Married or living common law	56,280	28,305	27,975	593,615	297,280	296,335
Married	47,430	23,870	23,560	503,390	252,210	251,175
Living common law	8,850	4,435	4,415	90,230	45,075	45,155
Not married and not living common law	35,530	16,570	18,960	440,925	209,000	231,930
Never married	22,355	12,285	10,070	300,415	162,440	137,980
Separated	2,010	945	1,070	24,845	11,080	13,765
Divorced	4,845	2,080	2,765	54,860	22,780	32,080
Widowed	6,315	1,255	5,060	60,805	12,700	48,100
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	31,175	...	...	346,160	...	...
2 persons	17,145	...	...	171,435	...	...
3 persons	5,755	...	...	71,630	...	...
4 persons	5,390	...	...	65,500	...	...
5 or more persons	2,885	...	...	37,600	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	31,175	...	...	346,160	...	...
Total couple families	26,935	...	...	287,200	...	...
Married couples	22,515	...	...	242,100	...	...
Common-law couples	4,420	...	...	45,100	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	4,240	...	...	58,960	...	...
Female parent	3,325	...	...	45,930	...	...
Male parent	920	...	...	13,025	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	26,935	...	...	287,205	...	...
Couples without children	14,660	...	...	137,135	...	...
Couples with children	12,275	...	...	150,070	...	...
1 child	4,610	...	...	55,730	...	...
2 children	4,985	...	...	59,965	...	...
3 or more children	2,680	...	...	34,375	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	4,240	...	...	58,960	...	...
1 child	2,490	...	...	34,305	...	...
2 children	1,140	...	...	15,895	...	...
3 or more children	610	...	...	8,765	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	19,485	9,710	9,770	212,415	104,435	107,980
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	45,740	...	...	489,050	...	...
One-census-family households	30,095	...	...	323,125	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	14,275	...	...	130,475	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	15,815	...	...	192,650	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	530	...	...	11,110	...	...
Non-census-family households	15,110	...	...	154,815	...	...
One-person households	13,280	...	...	135,495	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	1,830	...	...	19,315	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	111,840	55,500	56,335	1,261,620	624,095	637,520
English only	105,435	52,515	52,915	1,135,395	566,980	568,410
French only	50	25	20	1,485	680	800
English and French	4,940	2,285	2,660	108,460	49,205	59,255
Neither English nor French	1,415	680	735	16,285	7,235	9,050
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	111,840	55,505	56,335	1,261,620	624,100	637,520
English	108,800	53,995	54,805	1,203,025	596,475	606,550
French	1,500	780	725	39,200	18,880	20,325
English and French	170	85	90	3,545	1,755	1,790
Neither English nor French	1,365	645	715	15,840	6,985	8,860
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	1,590	820	770	40,975	19,760	21,215
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	1.4	1.5	1.4	3.2	3.2	3.3
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	111,840	55,505	56,335	1,261,620	624,095	637,520
Single responses	110,385	54,750	55,635	1,230,115	608,820	621,300
Official languages	94,140	46,575	47,565	941,130	468,430	472,705
English	92,485	45,735	46,755	900,610	448,960	451,645
French	1,655	845	815	40,520	19,465	21,055
Non-official languages	16,245	8,170	8,075	288,985	140,395	148,590
Aboriginal languages	900	410	490	29,710	14,265	15,440
Algonquian languages	340	140	195	28,070	13,505	14,565
Blackfoot	0	0	0	5	0	5
Cree-Montagnais languages	115	45	70	14,820	7,085	7,740
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	5
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	30	5	20
Plains Cree	0	0	0	70	25	40
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	30	10	20	745	305	440
Woods Cree	0	0	0	65	20	40
Cree, n.o.s.	80	35	50	13,915	6,725	7,195
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	10	5	5
Malecite	0	0	0	0	5	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	10	5	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	220	95	125	13,235	6,410	6,825
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	210	90	115	6,730	3,180	3,550
Oji-Cree	15	5	10	6,505	3,235	3,265
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	5	815	375	445
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	5	815	380	440
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	810	375	435
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	5
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	5	0	5	80	20	60
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Inuktitut	5	5	5	65	20	45
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	5	10
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	5
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	5	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	10	5	5	80	40	40
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	5
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	545	260	280	630	305	330
Dakota	540	260	280	630	305	325
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	5	5	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	15	10	5
Non-Aboriginal languages	15,345	7,760	7,585	259,280	126,130	133,155
Afro-Asiatic languages	420	240	180	10,700	5,580	5,120
Berber languages	5	0	0	40	25	15
Kabyle	0	0	0	35	15	10
Berber languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	10	10	5
Cushitic languages	35	20	10	1,750	875	875
Bilen	20	15	10	155	85	70
Oromo	5	5	0	345	175	170
Somali	5	0	0	1,245	610	640
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Semitic languages	380	220	170	8,840	4,640	4,200
Amharic	225	120	105	1,770	885	885
Arabic	105	65	40	4,695	2,500	2,190
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	5	0	0	545	320	225
Maltese	0	0	0	40	20	25
Tigrigna	50	30	20	1,770	905	865
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	65	35	30
Austro-Asiatic languages	55	25	35	4,180	1,970	2,205
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	5	280	135	145
Vietnamese	55	25	30	3,895	1,840	2,060
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	5	0	0
Austronesian languages	2,045	1,075	970	52,905	24,685	28,220
Bikol	15	10	5	175	80	95
Cebuano	150	75	70	1,245	565	675
Fijian	5	0	0	35	15	15
Hiligaynon	15	10	10	390	170	220
Ilocano	45	20	25	1,365	630	730
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	5
Malay	10	0	5	175	65	105
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	25	15	10	655	315	340
Pangasinan	5	0	0	135	65	70
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,770	930	835	48,530	22,670	25,855
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	50	30	25
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	150	70	85
Creole languages	110	55	55	570	275	305
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	20	10	10
Creole, n.o.s.	85	40	45	290	140	145
Creole languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	265	120	145
Dravidian languages	90	50	40	1,565	825	735
Kannada	0	0	0	95	50	40
Malayalam	60	30	30	790	410	380
Tamil	20	15	10	480	255	230
Telugu	15	10	5	195	115	80
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	5
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Indo-European languages	10,485	5,270	5,210	158,350	77,605	80,750
Albanian	0	0	0	350	170	180
Armenian	0	5	0	65	35	30
Balto-Slavic languages	1,795	845	945	34,450	15,845	18,605
Baltic languages	15	5	10	165	65	95
Latvian	10	5	10	80	35	45
Lithuanian	5	0	0	85	35	45
Slavic languages	1,785	845	935	34,280	15,775	18,510
Belarusan	0	0	0	40	20	25
Bosnian	10	5	10	575	285	290
Bulgarian	5	0	5	140	70	65
Croatian	20	10	10	1,030	505	530
Czech	25	10	15	615	310	310
Macedonian	5	0	0	145	70	75
Polish	165	60	100	6,455	2,905	3,545
Russian	310	150	165	9,130	4,495	4,640
Serbian	0	0	5	655	335	320
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	240	110	130
Slovak	10	5	5	405	175	225
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	270	130	140
Ukrainian	1,235	600	635	14,505	6,325	8,180
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	75	40	30
Celtic languages	20	10	10	115	60	55
Scottish Gaelic	5	5	5	50	25	20
Welsh	15	5	10	60	30	30
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Germanic languages	5,125	2,560	2,560	68,670	33,310	35,360
Afrikaans	135	70	65	420	220	205
Danish	25	10	15	280	145	135
Dutch	230	115	120	2,675	1,335	1,335
Frisian	5	0	5	55	30	25
German	4,635	2,325	2,310	63,825	30,940	32,890
Icelandic	15	10	10	475	210	260
Norwegian	15	10	10	115	45	65
Swedish	5	5	5	135	70	70
Vlaams (Flemish)	55	25	30	310	125	180
Yiddish	0	0	0	355	175	180
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	10	10
Greek	35	25	10	1,285	665	615
Indo-Iranian languages	1,095	610	485	32,325	17,135	15,195
Indo-Aryan languages	1,055	590	465	29,520	15,700	13,820
Bengali	25	15	10	1,170	675	495
Gujarati	600	335	260	3,115	1,660	1,455
Hindi	65	45	25	2,270	1,215	1,060
Kashmiri	0	0	0	5	5	5
Konkani	0	0	0	35	20	15
Marathi	0	5	0	135	80	50
Nepali	5	5	0	720	355	365
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	10	5	5
Punjabi (Panjabi)	215	120	100	18,320	9,650	8,670
Sindhi	5	0	0	60	30	30
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	20	15	5	670	345	320
Urdu	115	60	55	3,015	1,655	1,355
Iranian languages	35	15	20	2,705	1,365	1,335
Kurdish	5	0	5	415	210	200
Pashto	10	5	5	275	130	150
Persian (Farsi)	15	10	10	2,020	1,030	990
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	100	60	40
Italic (Romance) languages	2,415	1,215	1,195	21,100	10,385	10,710
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	5
Italian	50	30	20	3,840	1,910	1,930
Portuguese	50	25	30	6,585	3,190	3,390
Romanian	20	10	5	645	310	335
Spanish	2,290	1,155	1,135	10,005	4,965	5,040
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	5	10
Japanese	15	5	10	540	185	350
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	15	10	10
Georgian	0	0	0	15	5	5
Korean	210	100	110	3,760	1,810	1,950
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	20	5	15
Mongolian	5	0	0	20	5	15
Niger-Congo languages	145	75	70	3,895	1,965	1,930
Akan (Twi)	5	5	0	150	90	65
Bamanankan	0	0	0	75	25	45
Edo	0	0	0	40	20	15
Ewe	0	0	0	30	20	10
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	5	0	5	65	35	30
Ga	0	0	0	15	10	5
Ganda	0	0	0	50	20	30
Igbo	10	5	0	280	155	130
Lingala	0	0	0	75	30	40
Rundi (Kirundi)	5	0	0	135	60	65
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	0	0	250	125	120
Shona	0	0	0	110	50	60
Swahili	10	5	5	870	420	455
Wolof	0	0	0	75	50	25
Yoruba	100	50	50	1,030	525	505
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	15	5	5	640	315	325
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	395	215	180
Dinka	0	5	0	175	90	80
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	225	125	100
Sign languages	20	10	10	440	230	210
American Sign Language	10	5	5	240	125	115
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	10	0	5	195	100	95
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,660	825	830	18,880	9,320	9,565
Chinese languages	1,655	830	830	18,305	9,025	9,280
Cantonese	385	190	200	6,625	3,140	3,485
Hakka	0	5	0	55	30	25
Mandarin	1,160	590	575	10,170	5,110	5,060
Min Dong	0	0	0	5	5	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	5	5	325	150	165
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	0	5	110	55	50
Chinese, n.o.s.	95	45	50	1,010	530	475
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	5
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	5	575	295	285
Burmese	0	0	0	85	50	30
Karenic languages	0	0	0	430	215	220
Tibetan	0	0	0	10	5	5
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	55	20	35
Tai-Kadai languages	15	5	15	1,120	525	595
Lao	5	5	0	875	445	430
Thai	10	0	5	240	85	165
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	5	0	0
Turkic languages	15	10	10	340	190	150
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	30	20	15
Turkish	10	5	5	210	120	95
Uyghur	0	0	0	10	5	10
Uzbek	0	0	5	40	25	15
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	25	20
Uralic languages	45	20	30	1,440	655	790
Estonian	0	0	0	30	10	15
Finnish	15	5	10	225	85	135
Hungarian	35	15	20	1,185	550	635
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	155	85	70
Multiple responses	1,455	755	700	31,505	15,280	16,220
English and French	195	115	80	4,365	2,140	2,230
English and non-official language	1,185	600	585	25,965	12,530	13,440
French and non-official language	35	20	15	695	380	315
English, French and non-official language	40	25	15	470	230	245
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	111,840	55,505	56,335	1,261,620	624,100	637,520
Single responses	108,985	54,055	54,930	1,197,145	593,020	604,120
Official languages	99,300	49,095	50,210	1,052,345	521,280	531,065
English	98,790	48,815	49,975	1,035,475	513,465	522,010
French	505	280	230	16,865	7,815	9,055
Non-official languages	9,690	4,965	4,725	144,800	71,740	73,060
Aboriginal languages	80	40	35	15,770	8,020	7,750
Algonquian languages	55	25	30	15,070	7,675	7,390
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	20	5	10	7,570	3,860	3,715
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	10	5	0
Plains Cree	5	0	0	10	5	5
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	5	0	5	120	45	75
Woods Cree	0	0	0	15	10	5
Cree, n.o.s.	5	5	5	7,415	3,790	3,620
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	35	20	15	7,495	3,820	3,675
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	30	15	10	2,505	1,280	1,225
Oji-Cree	5	5	0	4,990	2,545	2,455
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	635	305	330
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	635	305	330
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	630	305	330
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	15	5	10
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	10	5	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	5
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	10	5	10
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	20	15	5	35	25	10
Dakota	20	15	5	35	25	10
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	9,610	4,925	4,685	129,035	63,725	65,310
Afro-Asiatic languages	300	160	145	6,875	3,475	3,400
Berber languages	0	0	0	20	15	5
Kabyle	0	0	0	15	10	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	5	5
Cushitic languages	20	10	10	1,185	550	630
Bilen	20	15	10	120	65	55
Oromo	0	0	0	210	95	115
Somali	0	0	0	845	385	460
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	10	0
Semitic languages	280	140	135	5,650	2,895	2,750
Amharic	165	85	80	1,045	520	525
Arabic	65	30	35	3,105	1,600	1,505
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	5	0	5
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	355	195	160
Maltese	0	0	0	10	5	5
Tigrigna	50	25	20	1,135	580	555
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	25	15	10
Austro-Asiatic languages	35	10	25	2,900	1,370	1,530
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	125	55	70
Vietnamese	35	15	25	2,775	1,315	1,460
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	1,190	665	530	27,215	13,065	14,155
Bikol	5	5	0	30	15	15
Cebuano	85	50	35	495	250	245
Fijian	5	0	0	15	5	10
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	125	55	75
Ilocano	20	15	5	390	190	200
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	5	0	55	25	30
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10	0	5	245	120	130
Pangasinan	0	0	0	30	15	15
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,060	595	465	25,790	12,375	13,420
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	10	5	5
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	30	15	15
Creole languages	85	35	45	290	120	165
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	10	5	5
Creole, n.o.s.	75	35	40	165	75	85
Creole languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	115	45	75
Dravidian languages	55	30	30	800	400	400
Kannada	5	0	0	45	25	25
Malayalam	35	15	20	405	195	205
Tamil	5	5	0	240	120	120
Telugu	15	10	5	110	60	50
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	6,205	3,145	3,060	70,820	35,325	35,495
Albanian	0	0	0	155	80	75
Armenian	0	0	0	20	10	5
Balto-Slavic languages	615	320	295	11,685	5,670	6,015
Baltic languages	0	0	0	25	10	15
Latvian	0	0	0	15	5	5
Lithuanian	0	5	0	10	5	5
Slavic languages	615	315	300	11,660	5,660	6,000
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	5	0
Bosnian	5	0	0	285	145	140
Bulgarian	0	0	0	65	30	30
Croatian	5	5	5	320	145	180
Czech	5	0	0	115	55	60
Macedonian	0	0	0	85	35	45
Polish	25	15	10	2,010	910	1,105
Russian	210	95	110	5,530	2,780	2,745
Serbian	0	0	0	335	170	170
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	90	40	50
Slovak	0	0	0	70	35	35
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	55	20	30
Ukrainian	365	195	165	2,690	1,285	1,405
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5
Celtic languages	5	0	5	20	15	10
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	5	5	0
Welsh	5	5	5	10	5	5
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	2,920	1,460	1,460	25,825	12,700	13,125
Afrikaans	75	35	40	200	100	100
Danish	5	5	0	10	5	5
Dutch	35	15	20	270	135	130
Frisian	0	0	0	10	5	5
German	2,800	1,400	1,400	24,795	12,185	12,615
Icelandic	0	0	5	35	15	20
Norwegian	5	0	5	10	5	5
Swedish	5	0	0	10	5	5
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	15	5	10
Yiddish	0	0	0	10	5	5
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	465	240	225
Greek	10	5	5	535	255	280
Indo-Iranian languages	805	440	365	22,810	11,920	10,890
Indo-Aryan languages	790	435	355	21,010	11,055	9,950
Bengali	5	0	5	690	390	305
Gujarati	485	270	215	2,100	1,095	1,005
Hindi	40	25	20	1,335	715	620
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	10	5	5
Marathi	0	0	0	40	25	20
Nepali	5	0	0	540	265	280
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	155	80	75	14,000	7,330	6,670
Sindhi	0	0	0	30	10	15
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	5	5	360	190	170
Urdu	85	45	40	1,895	1,035	860
Iranian languages	15	10	10	1,755	835	920
Kurdish	5	0	0	275	135	140
Pashto	0	5	5	165	70	95
Persian (Farsi)	10	5	5	1,315	635	685
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	50	25	20
Italic (Romance) languages	1,840	910	925	9,765	4,670	5,090
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	5	5	5	1,035	450	590
Portuguese	10	5	5	2,800	1,305	1,500
Romanian	5	5	5	235	110	125
Spanish	1,820	905	915	5,695	2,810	2,885
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	5	5	0	175	75	105
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	10	5	0
Georgian	0	0	0	10	5	5
Korean	170	80	85	2,915	1,430	1,490
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	5	0	5
Mongolian	0	0	0	5	5	5
Niger-Congo languages	60	25	30	1,410	695	720
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	45	30	20
Bamanankan	0	0	0	15	5	5
Edo	0	0	0	5	5	0
Ewe	0	0	0	5	5	5
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	35	15	15
Ga	0	0	0	5	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	5	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	75	40	35
Lingala	0	0	0	40	20	20
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	65	35	35
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	0	5	105	55	50
Shona	0	0	0	10	5	10
Swahili	10	5	5	500	240	265
Wolof	0	0	0	25	20	10
Yoruba	35	15	15	345	175	170
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	10	5	125	50	75
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	130	60	70
Dinka	0	0	0	80	35	45
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	55	30	25
Sign languages	25	15	10	560	310	255
American Sign Language	10	5	5	255	135	120
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	20	10	10	305	170	135
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,455	745	710	13,910	6,920	6,985
Chinese languages	1,460	745	715	13,445	6,685	6,765
Cantonese	330	160	165	4,455	2,105	2,350
Hakka	0	0	0	25	10	15
Mandarin	1,045	540	510	8,080	4,105	3,975
Min Dong	0	0	0	5	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	5	0	135	65	70
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	0	5	65	30	35
Chinese, n.o.s.	75	40	35	675	365	315
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	465	235	225
Burmese	0	0	0	55	30	25
Karenic languages	0	0	0	370	190	180
Tibetan	0	0	0	5	0	5
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	15	20
Tai-Kadai languages	5	5	5	535	250	280
Lao	5	5	0	430	210	220
Thai	0	0	0	105	40	65
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	5	5	0	135	70	65
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	10	5	10
Turkish	5	5	0	65	35	35
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	35	20	15
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	10	15
Uralic languages	10	5	5	305	140	165
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	35	15	15
Hungarian	10	5	0	270	125	145
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	40	25	20
Multiple responses	2,855	1,445	1,405	64,475	31,080	33,400
English and French	105	55	55	3,090	1,440	1,645
English and non-official language	2,680	1,355	1,325	60,090	28,995	31,090
French and non-official language	15	10	5	415	215	205
English, French and non-official language	50	30	25	885	420	455
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	111,840	55,500	56,340	1,261,615	624,095	637,520
None	102,980	51,095	51,880	1,079,050	535,990	543,065
English	4,275	2,205	2,065	76,350	37,795	38,550
French	880	390	490	20,200	9,130	11,075
Non-official language	3,585	1,745	1,835	83,315	39,860	43,455
Aboriginal	560	240	315	16,105	7,590	8,515
Non-Aboriginal	3,020	1,500	1,520	67,215	32,275	34,940
English and French	25	15	15	305	150	150
English and non-official language	65	35	35	1,610	815	790
French and non-official language	30	15	15	770	345	420
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	20	5	10
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	87,400	43,000	44,400	1,001,305	491,590	509,715
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	84,585	41,650	42,935	954,035	467,790	486,250
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	35,768	43,165	29,470	34,188	40,379	29,220
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	84,600	41,655	42,945	954,205	467,820	486,390
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	31,544	37,069	26,640	30,465	35,150	26,561
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	78,725	39,485	39,240	859,545	431,145	428,400
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	32,845	40,945	25,479	32,592	39,229	26,692
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	61,260	27,010	34,250	701,840	309,530	392,310
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	5,280	3,302	6,030	4,268	1,890	5,434
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	66,425	34,660	31,765	722,785	374,850	347,935
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	33,281	40,170	26,632	33,677	39,365	28,679
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	87,400	43,030	44,365	1,001,305	491,580	509,725
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	84,575	41,720	42,855	953,960	467,575	486,385
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	44,157	51,746	36,769	43,767	51,068	36,747
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	84,595	41,725	42,865	954,175	467,605	486,565
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	36,000	41,189	30,949	35,957	41,013	31,097
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	78,535	39,490	39,045	859,575	431,035	428,540
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	41,799	49,976	33,530	42,776	50,803	34,704
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	61,345	27,110	34,240	701,830	308,940	392,890
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,367	6,842	7,782	7,099	6,411	7,640
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	66,430	34,650	31,775	722,785	374,535	348,250
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	41,226	48,204	33,617	42,551	49,417	35,168
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	87,395	43,035	44,365	1,001,310	491,580	509,725
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	32,255	19,290	12,965	350,580	201,335	149,245
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	47,586	52,939	42,162	50,026	54,580	44,818
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	56,586	60,690	50,479	59,523	65,410	51,581
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	87.8	91.5	82.6	88.0	91.7	83.1
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	73.0	77.3	67.0	73.6	77.4	68.6
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	12.2	8.5	17.4	12.0	8.3	16.9
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	87,400	43,000	44,400	1,001,310	491,585	509,720
Without total income	2,815	1,350	1,465	47,270	23,800	23,470
With total income	84,585	41,650	42,935	954,040	467,790	486,245
Percentage with total income	96.8	96.9	96.7	95.3	95.2	95.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	9,935	4,110	5,820	137,700	62,550	75,150
$10,000 to $19,999	13,300	5,000	8,295	150,320	58,320	91,995
$20,000 to $29,999	12,500	4,785	7,710	136,510	54,950	81,560
$30,000 to $39,999	11,580	5,185	6,395	123,685	55,805	67,885
$40,000 to $49,999	10,550	5,405	5,145	109,710	54,650	55,060
$50,000 to $59,999	7,340	4,255	3,080	80,625	45,170	35,460
$60,000 to $69,999	5,650	3,635	2,015	58,785	35,250	23,535
$70,000 to $79,999	4,075	2,580	1,500	43,365	26,465	16,895
$80,000 to $89,999	3,045	1,905	1,140	34,000	20,100	13,905
$90,000 to $99,999	1,950	1,280	665	21,980	13,545	8,440
$100,000 and over	4,660	3,500	1,160	57,355	40,985	16,370
$100,000 to $149,999	3,420	2,540	880	40,870	28,585	12,285
$150,000 and over	1,240	955	275	16,490	12,395	4,090
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	87,400	43,000	44,400	1,001,305	491,585	509,720
Without after-tax income	2,805	1,350	1,455	47,100	23,770	23,330
With after-tax income	84,600	41,655	42,940	954,205	467,820	486,390
Percentage with after-tax income	96.8	96.9	96.7	95.3	95.2	95.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	10,335	4,220	6,110	142,035	63,525	78,510
$10,000 to $19,999	14,405	5,465	8,945	161,865	63,410	98,460
$20,000 to $29,999	15,235	6,025	9,210	165,880	68,985	96,895
$30,000 to $39,999	14,810	7,195	7,615	153,680	73,335	80,350
$40,000 to $49,999	10,850	6,225	4,625	116,415	63,755	52,660
$50,000 to $59,999	7,300	4,685	2,615	78,105	46,940	31,160
$60,000 to $69,999	5,005	3,115	1,890	53,870	32,165	21,705
$70,000 to $79,999	2,720	1,785	935	31,690	19,680	12,010
$80,000 and over	3,940	2,945	995	50,655	36,025	14,630
$80,000 to $89,999	1,455	1,050	400	18,025	12,260	5,760
$90,000 to $99,999	875	660	210	10,325	7,305	3,015
$100,000 and over	1,620	1,245	380	22,305	16,460	5,850
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	87,400	43,000	44,400	1,001,305	491,590	509,720
Without employment income	20,975	8,340	12,630	278,525	116,740	161,775
With employment income	66,425	34,665	31,770	722,785	374,845	347,940
Percentage with employment income	76.0	80.6	71.6	72.2	76.3	68.3
Under $5,000 (including loss)	8,605	3,975	4,630	90,045	42,675	47,375
$5,000 to $9,999	5,245	2,165	3,080	54,560	23,875	30,690
$10,000 to $19,999	8,700	3,680	5,025	94,460	41,920	52,535
$20,000 to $29,999	7,970	3,335	4,630	89,540	39,650	49,895
$30,000 to $39,999	8,500	4,095	4,405	88,340	41,905	46,440
$40,000 to $49,999	7,430	4,010	3,425	77,755	40,205	37,550
$50,000 to $59,999	5,165	3,150	2,020	58,900	34,355	24,550
$60,000 to $69,999	4,145	2,805	1,340	44,085	27,115	16,970
$70,000 to $79,999	3,195	2,065	1,130	34,450	21,375	13,075
$80,000 and over	7,475	5,390	2,090	90,650	61,780	28,865
$80,000 to $89,999	2,420	1,535	885	28,365	16,860	11,505
$90,000 to $99,999	1,530	1,045	490	17,635	11,355	6,275
$100,000 and over	3,520	2,810	715	44,650	33,560	11,095
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	45,740	...	...	489,050	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	66,316	...	...	68,147	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	57,336	...	...	59,093	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	13,280	...	...	135,495	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	34,388	...	...	35,846	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	30,475	...	...	31,538	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	32,460	...	...	353,550	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	83,588	...	...	84,532	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	71,345	...	...	72,688	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	45,740	...	...	489,050	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	81,649	...	...	85,373	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	66,580	...	...	70,154	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	13,230	...	...	135,440	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	43,128	...	...	44,208	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	35,320	...	...	36,503	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	32,510	...	...	353,605	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	97,323	...	...	101,140	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	79,300	...	...	83,044	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	45,740	...	...	489,050	...	...
Under $5,000	620	...	...	9,250	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	620	...	...	8,175	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	1,045	...	...	11,450	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,830	...	...	18,260	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,165	...	...	21,395	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,945	...	...	19,035	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,205	...	...	21,090	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,240	...	...	21,745	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,065	...	...	21,605	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,035	...	...	21,225	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,685	...	...	40,240	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,630	...	...	37,910	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,235	...	...	34,275	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,010	...	...	31,555	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,640	...	...	27,215	...	...
$100,000 and over	12,760	...	...	144,620	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,005	...	...	52,495	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,165	...	...	34,595	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	3,015	...	...	34,670	...	...
$200,000 and over	1,580	...	...	22,865	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	45,740	...	...	489,050	...	...
Under $5,000	685	...	...	9,725	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	640	...	...	8,315	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	1,075	...	...	11,860	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,955	...	...	19,325	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,480	...	...	24,370	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,325	...	...	22,665	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,710	...	...	25,915	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,655	...	...	26,725	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,420	...	...	25,965	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,420	...	...	25,290	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,660	...	...	48,610	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,210	...	...	44,280	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,765	...	...	38,890	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,080	...	...	32,370	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,535	...	...	26,890	...	...
$100,000 and over	8,105	...	...	97,850	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,195	...	...	46,355	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,085	...	...	24,795	...	...
$150,000 and over	1,820	...	...	26,705	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	31,210	...	...	341,205	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	82,676	...	...	84,441	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	70,634	...	...	72,563	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.9	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	14,120	...	...	127,580	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	77,240	...	...	79,103	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	66,067	...	...	67,596	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	12,335	...	...	150,585	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	103,406	...	...	104,902	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	87,364	...	...	89,307	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	4.0	...	...	4.2	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	3,980	...	...	52,215	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	45,077	...	...	49,922	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	41,999	...	...	46,048	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.8	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	31,235	...	...	341,235	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	96,676	...	...	101,410	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	78,636	...	...	83,132	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	14,110	...	...	127,710	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	91,000	...	...	95,583	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	73,696	...	...	77,743	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	12,345	...	...	150,695	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	118,245	...	...	122,176	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	95,095	...	...	99,399	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,005	...	...	52,130	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	53,643	...	...	60,006	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	47,454	...	...	52,307	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	17,350	8,655	8,695	175,270	86,935	88,335
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	33,421	38,076	29,389	32,927	35,568	30,818
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	29,687	33,024	26,814	29,429	31,130	28,062
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	17,270	8,540	8,725	174,945	86,380	88,565
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	41,404	46,294	36,616	40,853	43,332	38,434
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	34,122	36,846	31,455	33,961	35,291	32,663
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	108,215	53,770	54,445	1,240,700	614,440	626,260
In the bottom half of the distribution	60,470	29,010	31,460	687,930	332,640	355,290
In the bottom decile	11,310	5,390	5,920	151,750	74,825	76,930
In the second decile	11,890	5,235	6,655	135,485	62,035	73,450
In the third decile	12,450	6,005	6,445	135,395	64,805	70,590
In the fourth decile	12,395	6,115	6,285	132,755	65,185	67,575
In the fifth decile	12,420	6,265	6,155	132,540	65,790	66,750
In the top half of the distribution	47,745	24,755	22,985	552,770	281,805	270,965
In the sixth decile	11,675	6,035	5,645	127,575	64,305	63,265
In the seventh decile	11,435	5,965	5,470	123,505	62,770	60,735
In the eighth decile	10,350	5,310	5,035	116,805	59,460	57,350
In the ninth decile	8,470	4,430	4,040	104,820	53,835	50,980
In the top decile	5,815	3,015	2,800	80,070	41,435	38,640
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	105,685	52,505	53,190	1,175,720	581,585	594,135
0 to 17 years	23,715	12,190	11,525	260,905	134,075	126,830
0 to 5 years	8,225	4,310	3,910	85,935	44,240	41,695
18 to 64 years	64,120	32,050	32,075	737,035	365,965	371,070
65 years and over	17,850	8,265	9,585	177,780	81,540	96,235
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	15,260	6,965	8,290	180,880	85,185	95,690
0 to 17 years	4,680	2,375	2,305	57,185	29,390	27,790
0 to 5 years	1,795	915	875	21,325	10,970	10,355
18 to 64 years	7,810	3,575	4,230	98,920	46,630	52,285
65 years and over	2,770	1,015	1,755	24,785	9,165	15,615
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	14.4	13.3	15.6	15.4	14.6	16.1
0 to 17 years (%)	19.7	19.5	20.0	21.9	21.9	21.9
0 to 5 years (%)	21.8	21.2	22.4	24.8	24.8	24.8
18 to 64 years (%)	12.2	11.2	13.2	13.4	12.7	14.1
65 years and over (%)	15.5	12.3	18.3	13.9	11.2	16.2
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	6,575	3,140	3,435	115,965	56,255	59,705
0 to 17 years	1,915	960	960	33,260	17,040	16,220
0 to 5 years	740	360	380	12,310	6,325	5,985
18 to 64 years	4,325	2,025	2,300	73,655	35,895	37,760
65 years and over	330	155	175	9,045	3,325	5,725
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	6.2	6.0	6.5	9.9	9.7	10.0
0 to 17 years (%)	8.1	7.9	8.3	12.7	12.7	12.8
0 to 5 years (%)	9.0	8.4	9.7	14.3	14.3	14.4
18 to 64 years (%)	6.7	6.3	7.2	10.0	9.8	10.2
65 years and over (%)	1.8	1.9	1.8	5.1	4.1	5.9
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	108,215	53,770	54,445	1,240,700	614,440	626,260
Official languages	106,940	53,150	53,785	1,224,985	607,375	617,605
English	106,890	53,125	53,765	1,223,665	606,760	616,905
French	4,935	2,340	2,595	108,560	49,435	59,130
Non-official languages	16,270	8,110	8,160	340,250	165,150	175,100
Aboriginal languages	1,195	540	660	40,465	19,410	21,050
Algonquian languages	525	220	305	38,305	18,375	19,930
Blackfoot	0	0	0	10	0	10
Cree-Montagnais languages	200	75	125	20,975	10,025	10,955
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	10
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	10	0	10	85	25	55
Plains Cree	15	0	15	190	90	100
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	50	25	25	1,140	505	640
Woods Cree	0	0	0	130	65	65
Cree, n.o.s.	130	50	80	19,435	9,340	10,095
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	10	10	0
Malecite	0	0	0	10	10	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	10	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	335	155	185	17,710	8,520	9,185
Algonquin	0	0	0	10	0	0
Ojibway	320	145	170	9,685	4,560	5,125
Oji-Cree	15	0	15	8,045	3,975	4,070
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	10	10	10	1,120	525	595
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	1,110	520	590
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	10	0	0	1,110	520	595
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	10	10	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	110	55	55
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	10	10	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	80	35	45
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	15	10
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	15	10	10
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	15	10	10
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	10
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	40	30	15	210	115	95
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	10
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	10	0	10
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	625	285	340	760	365	395
Dakota	625	290	335	760	360	400
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	10	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	10	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	10	0	10
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	35	15	20
Non-Aboriginal languages	15,085	7,575	7,510	299,900	145,795	154,110
Afro-Asiatic languages	525	305	215	15,730	8,320	7,410
Berber languages	0	0	0	85	50	40
Kabyle	0	0	0	45	25	20
Berber languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	50	35	10
Cushitic languages	50	30	20	2,300	1,195	1,105
Bilen	45	25	20	210	120	85
Oromo	0	0	0	535	275	260
Somali	0	0	0	1,550	790	760
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	15	10
Semitic languages	475	285	195	13,685	7,300	6,390
Amharic	275	170	105	2,475	1,370	1,105
Arabic	170	80	90	6,650	3,590	3,055
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	15	0	10
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	10	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	10	0
Hebrew	10	15	0	3,370	1,735	1,635
Maltese	0	0	0	65	30	35
Tigrigna	75	50	30	2,225	1,175	1,050
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	155	80	80
Austro-Asiatic languages	65	30	35	5,230	2,545	2,685
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	0	0	335	185	150
Vietnamese	60	20	30	4,905	2,370	2,535
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	2,600	1,255	1,345	65,305	30,220	35,090
Bikol	0	0	0	225	100	125
Cebuano	235	120	115	1,615	805	810
Fijian	20	0	15	65	35	30
Hiligaynon	25	15	15	425	180	245
Ilocano	30	15	15	1,875	880	990
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	30	15	15	375	180	195
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	20	10	10	945	415	530
Pangasinan	0	0	0	205	100	110
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	2,505	1,220	1,285	64,165	29,640	34,520
Waray-Waray	15	10	10	115	55	55
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	30	15	15	200	80	120
Creole languages	210	95	110	1,310	605	705
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	25	10	15
Creole, n.o.s.	150	70	80	635	310	315
Creole languages, n.i.e.	65	30	30	680	305	375
Dravidian languages	130	90	35	1,840	945	895
Kannada	0	0	0	175	95	80
Malayalam	60	40	15	830	400	430
Tamil	55	35	15	655	330	325
Telugu	15	10	0	255	150	110
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	10
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	9,205	4,655	4,555	175,950	86,435	89,510
Albanian	0	0	0	390	195	195
Armenian	10	0	0	65	50	15
Balto-Slavic languages	2,020	950	1,070	39,530	18,780	20,745
Baltic languages	15	10	15	230	90	140
Latvian	15	10	10	115	45	70
Lithuanian	0	0	0	120	50	65
Slavic languages	2,010	950	1,060	39,360	18,720	20,640
Belarusan	0	0	0	65	25	45
Bosnian	15	0	10	835	405	430
Bulgarian	0	0	0	155	95	60
Croatian	45	20	20	1,595	765	825
Czech	35	20	15	735	335	395
Macedonian	10	0	0	140	75	60
Polish	160	80	85	7,655	3,625	4,035
Russian	570	275	290	13,455	6,715	6,740
Serbian	0	0	0	870	470	400
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	190	75	115
Slovak	10	10	10	480	215	260
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	275	100	175
Ukrainian	1,410	665	750	17,095	7,795	9,305
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	70	35	30
Celtic languages	70	40	35	225	125	100
Scottish Gaelic	20	10	10	90	65	25
Welsh	35	15	25	90	45	45
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	20	15	0	45	15	25
Germanic languages	2,770	1,435	1,330	68,285	33,250	35,035
Afrikaans	220	95	130	715	330	385
Danish	20	10	15	270	120	150
Dutch	275	130	145	3,120	1,555	1,565
Frisian	10	0	0	90	65	30
German	2,205	1,170	1,030	61,760	30,170	31,600
Icelandic	25	0	15	560	225	335
Norwegian	25	15	10	290	115	175
Swedish	15	10	0	270	125	150
Vlaams (Flemish)	50	30	20	270	120	155
Yiddish	0	0	0	545	235	315
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	10	0	2,490	1,285	1,205
Greek	50	20	25	2,010	1,015	1,000
Indo-Iranian languages	1,330	740	585	38,760	20,480	18,280
Indo-Aryan languages	1,305	725	580	35,830	18,990	16,835
Bengali	35	30	10	1,520	885	635
Gujarati	650	355	300	3,905	2,065	1,840
Hindi	655	365	290	12,900	6,900	6,000
Kashmiri	0	0	0	20	15	10
Konkani	0	0	0	40	30	10
Marathi	25	20	10	275	170	105
Nepali	0	0	0	600	285	315
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	15	10	10
Punjabi (Panjabi)	290	170	120	22,900	12,035	10,865
Sindhi	0	0	0	150	85	65
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	25	25	10	920	500	420
Urdu	185	90	100	4,600	2,540	2,060
Iranian languages	40	25	15	3,035	1,525	1,515
Kurdish	0	0	0	600	295	305
Pashto	20	15	10	290	135	150
Persian (Farsi)	15	0	0	2,295	1,175	1,120
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	10	0	230	125	105
Italic (Romance) languages	3,195	1,585	1,615	34,360	16,630	17,735
Catalan	0	0	0	15	10	10
Italian	110	50	70	5,350	2,610	2,735
Portuguese	80	45	35	8,460	4,125	4,335
Romanian	40	20	20	785	395	390
Spanish	2,995	1,485	1,510	20,605	9,910	10,695
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	60	45	15
Japanese	25	10	15	1,160	550	605
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	10	0	15
Georgian	0	0	0	15	0	15
Korean	175	85	90	4,240	2,100	2,145
Mongolic languages	10	0	0	55	20	35
Mongolian	10	0	10	55	20	30
Niger-Congo languages	285	175	105	7,970	4,125	3,845
Akan (Twi)	25	25	0	260	165	95
Bamanankan	0	0	0	160	95	65
Edo	0	0	0	95	60	30
Ewe	0	0	0	50	30	20
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	50	25	25
Ga	0	0	0	30	10	15
Ganda	35	25	10	230	110	120
Igbo	15	15	0	665	345	325
Lingala	0	10	0	655	315	345
Rundi (Kirundi)	15	10	10	205	105	105
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	305	155	155
Shona	0	0	0	250	110	140
Swahili	45	25	15	1,930	1,020	905
Wolof	0	0	0	150	85	70
Yoruba	140	75	60	2,630	1,330	1,295
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	60	40	20	1,440	765	680
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	410	225	185
Dinka	0	0	0	180	105	75
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	225	120	105
Sign languages	180	60	115	2,670	985	1,685
American Sign Language	110	35	75	1,710	625	1,090
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	70	30	40	975	365	610
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,850	920	925	21,130	10,490	10,650
Chinese languages	1,850	920	930	20,475	10,185	10,285
Cantonese	400	185	210	8,310	3,920	4,390
Hakka	0	0	0	50	30	20
Mandarin	1,390	695	695	12,825	6,460	6,365
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	35	20	10	480	230	250
Wu (Shanghainese)	20	10	15	185	95	85
Chinese, n.o.s.	185	100	85	1,115	600	510
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	10	0	10	675	310	370
Burmese	0	0	0	185	115	70
Karenic languages	0	0	0	465	200	265
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	145	60	80
Tai-Kadai languages	30	20	15	1,565	730	835
Lao	10	10	0	1,120	520	600
Thai	25	15	10	575	270	305
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Turkic languages	20	10	10	510	250	265
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	50	25	30
Turkish	10	0	0	365	180	185
Uyghur	0	0	0	30	15	10
Uzbek	15	10	10	40	20	15
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	45	15	30
Uralic languages	35	0	25	1,550	730	815
Estonian	0	0	0	45	20	25
Finnish	20	0	10	265	105	160
Hungarian	20	0	15	1,235	600	635
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	445	290	150
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	108,220	53,770	54,445	1,240,700	614,440	626,260
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	99,590	49,490	50,110	1,133,080	560,165	572,920
Canadian citizens aged under 18	22,900	11,830	11,070	266,225	136,640	129,585
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	76,690	37,655	39,035	866,855	423,520	443,335
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	8,620	4,280	4,340	107,620	54,280	53,340
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	108,215	53,770	54,445	1,240,700	614,445	626,255
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	94,895	47,095	47,800	996,860	494,285	502,570
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	12,180	6,015	6,160	227,465	111,095	116,365
Before 1981	1,580	700	875	50,025	23,340	26,680
1981 to 1990	495	270	225	20,205	10,190	10,010
1991 to 2000	945	460	490	23,040	11,165	11,875
2001 to 2010	4,750	2,535	2,215	70,985	35,305	35,680
2001 to 2005	980	585	390	22,570	11,195	11,370
2006 to 2010	3,775	1,945	1,825	48,415	24,110	24,305
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	4,405	2,050	2,355	63,210	31,095	32,120
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	1,140	660	485	16,375	9,055	7,320
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	12,180	6,015	6,165	227,470	111,100	116,370
Under 5 years	1,220	600	620	25,595	12,975	12,625
5 to 14 years	2,525	1,215	1,310	45,570	23,305	22,265
15 to 24 years	1,925	910	1,010	44,585	20,820	23,770
25 to 44 years	5,690	2,855	2,835	93,700	45,160	48,540
45 years and over	820	435	385	18,010	8,845	9,170
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	12,175	6,015	6,160	227,465	111,095	116,365
Americas	2,865	1,340	1,520	31,980	15,285	16,700
Brazil	0	0	0	435	170	265
Colombia	440	240	200	1,050	510	545
El Salvador	920	485	435	2,480	1,325	1,155
Guyana	10	0	0	1,135	515	620
Haiti	10	0	0	155	75	80
Jamaica	40	15	25	1,810	835	970
Mexico	150	70	75	6,655	3,330	3,320
Peru	15	0	15	235	85	150
Trinidad and Tobago	40	25	15	1,505	785	720
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	565	205	365	7,100	3,100	4,000
Other places of birth in Americas	680	300	380	9,425	4,550	4,875
Europe	3,330	1,680	1,645	56,705	27,815	28,890
Bosnia and Herzegovina	20	10	10	1,055	530	525
Croatia	10	0	0	975	445	535
France	45	15	30	795	425	365
Germany	555	340	215	10,390	5,215	5,175
Greece	15	15	0	820	445	375
Hungary	0	10	0	815	435	375
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	80	40	35	650	310	340
Italy	45	10	35	2,755	1,405	1,350
Netherlands	205	95	110	2,250	1,185	1,060
Poland	85	40	40	5,280	2,455	2,820
Portugal	15	10	10	4,380	2,170	2,210
Romania	35	15	20	720	345	375
Russian Federation	160	80	75	4,245	2,035	2,210
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	0	0	0	355	175	175
Ukraine	405	200	210	4,765	2,250	2,515
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	1,460	715	740	11,665	5,655	6,015
Other places of birth in Europe	190	95	95	4,790	2,325	2,470
Africa	1,000	580	425	17,975	9,495	8,485
Algeria	10	0	0	115	60	55
Egypt	30	10	20	980	525	455
Ethiopia	190	120	70	2,525	1,360	1,165
Kenya	20	15	0	935	470	465
Morocco	0	0	0	250	140	110
Nigeria	145	80	65	3,820	2,070	1,750
Somalia	0	0	0	755	350	415
South Africa, Republic of	180	85	90	975	465	505
Other places of birth in Africa	435	255	180	7,630	4,055	3,570
Asia	4,960	2,405	2,560	120,230	58,215	62,015
Afghanistan	0	0	0	615	285	330
Bangladesh	20	15	10	880	475	400
China^{Census data footnote 59}	1,410	700	705	9,250	4,460	4,790
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	25	15	10	1,460	715	735
India	890	500	395	21,990	11,395	10,595
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	15	10	10	1,180	655	530
Iraq	0	0	0	860	460	400
Japan	0	0	0	225	70	150
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	130	60	70	2,880	1,415	1,470
Lebanon	0	0	0	265	165	100
Pakistan	120	65	55	3,125	1,675	1,450
Philippines	2,095	915	1,180	61,950	28,800	33,150
Sri Lanka	30	15	15	1,015	515	505
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	10	10	0	805	390	410
Taiwan	0	0	0	215	110	110
Viet Nam	30	15	15	4,225	2,035	2,185
Other places of birth in Asia	190	95	100	9,285	4,590	4,695
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	25	15	15	575	290	280
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	4,405	2,050	2,355	63,210	31,095	32,115
Americas	790	325	465	4,130	1,840	2,290
Brazil	10	0	10	100	35	65
Colombia	80	40	40	185	70	120
Cuba	15	0	10	75	25	55
Haiti	0	0	0	15	10	0
Jamaica	20	15	10	340	175	165
Mexico	35	10	20	875	415	465
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	55	0	45	970	445	525
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	0	0	0	75	30	40
Other places of birth in Americas	590	250	340	1,490	640	850
Europe	315	140	170	5,155	2,650	2,505
France	0	0	0	135	70	75
Germany	15	10	10	580	310	265
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	25	10	15	135	80	60
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	15	10	10	160	85	70
Romania	0	0	0	70	30	35
Russian Federation	30	15	10	1,145	530	610
Ukraine	135	70	65	1,320	670	650
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	60	20	40	550	290	265
Other places of birth in Europe	25	15	15	1,060	590	470
Africa	425	240	180	7,860	4,120	3,735
Algeria	0	0	0	20	10	10
Cameroon	0	0	0	65	45	20
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	740	360	380
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	95	35	60
Egypt	0	0	0	415	220	190
Eritrea	40	20	20	795	430	360
Ethiopia	70	40	30	810	425	380
Morocco	0	0	0	70	30	35
Nigeria	115	70	50	2,630	1,415	1,215
Somalia	0	0	0	385	160	215
South Africa, Republic of	70	40	30	225	110	120
Tunisia	0	0	0	65	45	20
Other places of birth in Africa	120	70	55	1,555	820	735
Asia	2,875	1,340	1,535	45,915	22,395	23,520
Afghanistan	0	0	0	60	35	25
Bangladesh	10	10	10	360	195	170
China^{Census data footnote 59}	420	210	210	3,390	1,635	1,760
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	10	0	10	185	105	80
India	575	320	250	10,915	5,675	5,240
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	10	0	0	425	230	195
Iraq	0	0	0	330	175	155
Israel	0	0	0	595	340	260
Japan	0	0	0	45	25	25
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	50	10	40	1,300	665	640
Lebanon	0	0	0	140	100	35
Nepal	0	0	0	210	70	140
Pakistan	35	15	20	1,535	800	735
Philippines	1,690	730	955	22,885	10,645	12,245
Saudi Arabia	10	10	0	325	145	180
Sri Lanka	25	15	10	250	140	115
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	0	0	0	635	325	310
Taiwan	0	0	0	20	0	10
Turkey	0	0	0	40	30	10
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	110	55	55
Viet Nam	0	0	0	495	220	275
Other places of birth in Asia	45	20	30	1,650	785	870
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	10	0	10	150	80	70
Australia	0	0	0	80	25	60
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	0	0	0	65	55	15
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	108,220	53,770	54,445	1,240,695	614,440	626,260
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	13,795	6,915	6,880	249,625	123,035	126,585
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	12,270	5,980	6,290	197,530	97,135	100,395
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	82,155	40,875	41,280	793,545	394,265	399,280
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	10,675	5,350	5,330	180,810	89,380	91,425
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	8,840	4,485	4,355	119,845	60,680	59,165
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	3,195	2,430	765	44,415	27,435	16,980
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	5,645	2,055	3,590	75,430	33,250	42,185
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	1,450	625	820	39,875	17,355	22,525
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	380	240	135	20,550	11,155	9,395
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	15	0	15	540	195	345
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	108,215	53,770	54,445	1,240,700	614,440	626,260
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	12,750	6,070	6,680	223,310	108,495	114,815
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	12,555	5,975	6,575	220,470	107,145	113,330
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	7,255	3,370	3,885	130,510	62,955	67,550
Métis	5,260	2,590	2,670	89,355	43,895	45,465
Inuk (Inuit)	45	20	25	610	295	310
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	145	80	70	2,020	985	1,030
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	50	20	30	820	365	450
Non-Aboriginal identity	95,470	47,700	47,770	1,017,385	505,945	511,445
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	108,215	53,770	54,450	1,240,700	614,440	626,255
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	6,990	3,240	3,750	127,250	61,300	65,950
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	101,225	50,530	50,690	1,113,450	553,140	560,305
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	108,215	53,770	54,445	1,240,700	614,440	626,255
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	5,815	2,795	3,025	110,630	53,980	56,645
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	5,640	2,735	2,900	108,055	52,775	55,285
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	4,715	2,260	2,455	93,070	45,490	47,580
Métis single ancestry	910	475	445	14,835	7,210	7,625
Inuit single ancestry	10	0	10	155	75	80
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	175	55	125	2,570	1,205	1,365
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	175	60	120	2,495	1,160	1,335
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	50	30	15
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	10	15	10	10
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	10	10	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	7,325	3,510	3,815	114,605	55,480	59,120
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	6,865	3,340	3,520	107,535	52,250	55,285
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	2,850	1,330	1,525	40,265	19,440	20,820
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	3,975	1,995	1,985	66,810	32,600	34,215
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	35	20	15	460	210	250
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	460	170	290	7,070	3,235	3,835
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	450	165	280	6,800	3,100	3,705
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	120	65	55
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	10	0	10	130	55	80
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	10	10	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	95,075	47,465	47,605	1,015,465	504,980	510,485
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	108,215	53,770	54,445	1,240,700	614,440	626,260
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	10,885	5,600	5,285	216,850	108,315	108,530
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	1,550	870	685	42,060	22,200	19,855
Chinese	1,975	980	1,000	22,540	11,340	11,195
Black	1,250	720	530	30,335	15,790	14,550
Filipino	2,660	1,295	1,360	79,815	37,935	41,885
Latin American	2,460	1,225	1,235	9,895	4,840	5,050
Arab	125	65	60	5,030	2,705	2,325
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	200	100	105	8,565	4,155	4,410
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	30	20	10	2,695	1,420	1,270
Korean	220	115	105	4,375	2,195	2,180
Japanese	50	30	25	1,850	880	975
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	130	55	75	3,195	1,610	1,590
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	235	135	100	6,485	3,235	3,250
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	97,330	48,170	49,160	1,023,850	506,125	517,725
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	108,215	53,770	54,445	1,240,700	614,440	626,255
North American Aboriginal origins	13,140	6,305	6,835	225,230	109,465	115,770
First Nations (North American Indian)	8,190	3,810	4,375	142,820	69,305	73,510
Inuit	60	30	30	955	460	500
Métis	5,525	2,690	2,840	91,120	44,150	46,970
Other North American origins	27,765	13,715	14,050	247,670	123,075	124,600
Acadian	30	20	10	645	325	320
American	755	340	415	9,220	4,605	4,615
Canadian	27,250	13,490	13,755	240,835	119,610	121,225
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	10	0	10
Newfoundlander	15	15	0	215	130	90
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	20	15	0
Ontarian	10	0	0	20	20	0
Québécois	10	0	0	280	150	125
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	0	0	0	30	10	25
European origins	79,260	39,105	40,155	826,210	406,770	419,445
British Isles origins	55,860	27,315	28,545	421,515	206,840	214,675
Channel Islander	0	0	0	45	25	25
Cornish	10	0	10	85	45	40
English	35,275	17,295	17,975	245,960	119,975	125,985
Irish	20,795	9,615	11,180	156,145	74,290	81,850
Manx	45	10	35	200	100	100
Scottish	29,365	13,965	15,405	208,065	100,790	107,265
Welsh	2,255	1,095	1,160	17,760	8,575	9,180
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	1,520	745	780	19,610	9,260	10,355
French origins	10,390	4,865	5,530	148,810	72,060	76,750
Alsatian	0	0	0	20	15	15
Breton	0	0	0	120	40	75
Corsican	0	0	0	0	10	0
French	10,390	4,865	5,525	148,740	72,020	76,720
Western European origins (except French origins)	22,845	11,290	11,555	286,985	141,285	145,705
Austrian	1,035	535	505	12,325	6,190	6,135
Bavarian	0	0	0	15	10	0
Belgian	3,455	1,700	1,755	21,510	10,495	11,020
Dutch	4,555	2,190	2,370	55,525	27,375	28,150
Flemish	145	75	65	965	445	515
Frisian	10	0	10	140	75	55
German	15,510	7,660	7,850	220,735	108,650	112,080
Luxembourger	20	10	10	155	65	90
Swiss	410	210	200	5,475	2,660	2,810
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	0	0	0	140	65	75
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	7,300	3,455	3,840	80,295	38,580	41,720
Danish	1,075	545	540	7,895	3,850	4,050
Finnish	325	155	170	4,000	1,905	2,095
Icelandic	1,715	740	975	31,090	15,265	15,825
Norwegian	2,445	1,115	1,325	19,600	9,145	10,455
Swedish	2,320	1,175	1,145	22,470	10,530	11,945
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	240	110	130	2,540	1,260	1,285
Eastern European origins	21,160	10,500	10,660	287,695	141,310	146,380
Bulgarian	0	0	0	330	190	145
Byelorussian	35	10	25	885	430	455
Czech	300	170	130	4,590	2,165	2,425
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	150	65	85	2,155	1,120	1,040
Estonian	10	0	10	190	80	115
Hungarian	730	295	430	10,120	4,990	5,125
Latvian	105	65	35	1,365	655	715
Lithuanian	140	70	65	1,455	750	705
Moldovan	0	0	0	325	170	160
Polish	6,615	3,220	3,395	88,090	42,670	45,420
Romanian	480	205	275	5,835	2,790	3,045
Russian	3,065	1,500	1,565	58,225	28,625	29,605
Slovak	110	65	50	2,190	1,055	1,135
Ukrainian	13,970	6,995	6,980	180,055	88,615	91,445
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	50	25	25	895	415	480
Southern European origins	2,245	1,170	1,070	59,915	29,445	30,470
Albanian	0	0	0	415	220	195
Bosnian	35	20	20	1,030	505	520
Catalan	0	0	0	15	0	15
Croatian	105	60	45	2,930	1,430	1,500
Cypriot	0	0	0	45	25	15
Greek	220	105	115	4,130	2,070	2,060
Italian	915	505	410	23,210	11,675	11,530
Kosovar	0	0	0	45	20	25
Macedonian	10	10	10	225	120	110
Maltese	45	15	30	360	165	195
Montenegrin	0	0	0	40	10	30
Portuguese	300	160	135	14,540	7,215	7,320
Serbian	20	10	10	1,240	660	580
Sicilian	15	15	0	235	110	125
Slovenian	20	10	10	1,005	485	520
Spanish	655	310	345	12,625	5,680	6,945
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	55	25	30	1,060	540	525
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	0	0	0	65	40	30
Other European origins	350	180	170	10,950	5,550	5,400
Basque	0	0	0	100	65	35
Jewish	125	80	45	8,455	4,250	4,200
Roma (Gypsy)	10	0	10	155	70	85
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	20	15	0	185	100	85
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	195	85	110	2,130	1,090	1,040
Caribbean origins	330	165	165	10,805	5,355	5,450
Antiguan	0	0	0	60	20	40
Bahamian	0	0	0	60	35	25
Barbadian	30	25	10	740	390	350
Bermudan	0	0	0	40	30	15
Carib	0	0	0	65	30	40
Cuban	55	20	35	340	155	190
Dominican	0	0	0	275	145	135
Grenadian	0	0	0	160	85	80
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	10	0	10	235	90	150
Jamaican	155	65	85	4,585	2,250	2,335
Kittitian/Nevisian	0	10	0	10	10	0
Martinican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montserratan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	0	0	0	70	25	45
St. Lucian	0	0	0	30	20	15
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	40	20	15	2,395	1,240	1,160
Vincentian/Grenadinian	0	0	0	190	90	105
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	35	15	15	1,465	705	760
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	30	15	15	665	360	305
Latin, Central and South American origins	2,640	1,305	1,330	23,115	11,555	11,565
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	95	35	55	650	330	320
Arawak	0	0	0	10	10	10
Argentinian	0	0	0	475	230	245
Belizean	15	10	0	200	105	100
Bolivian	20	15	10	300	160	140
Brazilian	45	25	20	830	375	455
Chilean	40	15	25	1,520	720	795
Colombian	485	235	245	1,400	680	715
Costa Rican	0	0	0	65	40	25
Ecuadorian	15	10	15	125	70	55
Guatemalan	0	0	0	505	240	260
Guyanese	20	15	10	1,485	770	715
Hispanic	85	50	35	425	210	220
Honduran	415	195	220	520	245	280
Maya	55	30	30	220	135	80
Mexican	275	120	150	8,790	4,440	4,350
Nicaraguan	65	45	15	370	200	170
Panamanian	0	0	0	50	10	40
Paraguayan	0	0	10	2,080	1,070	1,010
Peruvian	15	0	10	350	130	225
Salvadorean	950	485	460	2,735	1,425	1,315
Uruguayan	0	0	0	35	10	20
Venezuelan	10	0	0	240	95	150
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	135	75	60	1,045	525	520
African origins	1,465	780	675	28,860	14,980	13,885
Central and West African origins	230	130	100	8,665	4,585	4,085
Akan	0	0	0	35	10	25
Angolan	0	0	0	10	10	0
Ashanti	0	0	0	25	10	10
Beninese	0	0	0	55	45	0
Burkinabe	0	0	0	20	10	10
Cameroonian	0	0	0	145	80	70
Chadian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Congolese	0	0	0	1,575	785	790
Edo	0	0	0	130	85	45
Ewe	0	0	0	15	10	10
Gabonese	0	0	0	25	20	10
Gambian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Ghanaian	15	15	0	380	220	170
Guinean	0	0	10	70	20	50
Ibo	0	0	10	435	205	225
Ivorian	0	0	0	120	45	75
Liberian	0	0	0	80	20	55
Malian	0	0	0	140	85	55
Malinké	0	0	0	35	20	10
Nigerian	160	80	80	3,860	2,130	1,735
Peulh	0	0	0	25	15	15
Senegalese	0	0	0	115	70	40
Sierra Leonean	0	0	0	320	155	165
Togolese	0	0	0	115	60	55
Wolof	0	0	0	25	10	15
Yoruba	30	20	15	1,050	540	510
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	20	15	0	545	260	285
North African origins	90	45	45	3,690	1,980	1,705
Algerian	0	0	0	100	35	60
Berber	0	10	0	150	90	55
Coptic	10	0	0	85	45	40
Dinka	0	0	0	30	25	10
Egyptian	30	10	20	1,335	720	620
Libyan	35	20	15	360	175	185
Maure	0	0	0	100	70	30
Moroccan	0	0	0	350	190	160
Sudanese	15	0	0	1,075	580	500
Tunisian	10	0	0	130	65	60
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	0	0	0	75	40	35
Southern and East African origins	770	410	365	10,500	5,420	5,080
Afrikaner	0	0	0	65	40	30
Amhara	25	15	10	140	100	45
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	0	0	0	150	90	65
Burundian	20	10	10	235	110	125
Djiboutian	0	0	0	45	30	15
Eritrean	90	50	35	2,300	1,240	1,055
Ethiopian	275	175	100	2,900	1,505	1,395
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	25	15	15	335	165	170
Malagasy	0	0	0	25	15	10
Mauritian	115	60	60	245	125	115
Oromo	0	0	0	325	185	140
Rwandan	0	0	0	300	145	155
Seychellois	0	0	0	45	20	30
Somali	10	0	10	1,740	900	845
South African	150	60	95	730	310	420
Tanzanian	0	0	0	90	55	30
Tigrian	0	10	0	320	200	120
Ugandan	65	40	30	255	125	130
Zambian	0	0	0	200	95	110
Zimbabwean	0	0	10	310	150	160
Zulu	0	0	0	30	15	10
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	0	0	0	440	230	210
Other African origins	375	200	170	6,670	3,350	3,325
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	25	15	10	825	405	415
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	360	195	160	5,925	2,965	2,965
Asian origins	7,445	3,850	3,590	178,655	88,885	89,765
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	400	235	170	11,850	6,130	5,715
Afghan	0	0	0	1,010	485	530
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	55	35	25	1,755	975	785
Armenian	90	60	30	495	250	250
Assyrian	0	0	0	40	30	10
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	55	35	20
Georgian	0	0	0	110	60	45
Hazara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian	65	30	30	1,885	1,015	870
Iraqi	0	0	0	925	480	450
Israeli	15	15	0	775	410	360
Jordanian	10	0	0	235	100	135
Kazakh	0	0	0	335	185	145
Kurd	0	0	0	305	145	160
Kuwaiti	0	0	0	40	20	25
Kyrgyz	0	0	0	45	30	20
Lebanese	65	25	40	1,375	700	675
Palestinian	30	25	0	620	340	275
Pashtun	0	0	0	65	25	40
Saudi Arabian	20	10	10	170	95	70
Syrian	30	20	15	1,115	535	580
Tajik	0	0	10	55	20	40
Tatar	0	0	10	310	155	155
Turk	25	15	10	655	315	340
Turkmen	0	0	0	10	0	0
Uighur	0	0	0	10	10	0
Uzbek	10	10	0	70	45	20
Yemeni	0	0	0	100	45	55
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	0	0	0	305	145	155
South Asian origins	1,615	890	725	43,155	22,710	20,440
Bangladeshi	15	10	0	880	500	385
Bengali	0	0	0	200	115	85
Bhutanese	0	0	0	140	55	85
East Indian	1,380	765	615	34,470	18,110	16,355
Goan	0	0	0	50	30	30
Gujarati	25	15	10	220	120	100
Kashmiri	0	0	0	30	10	15
Nepali	0	10	0	500	250	250
Pakistani	140	65	75	3,370	1,795	1,575
Punjabi	55	30	25	3,830	1,995	1,840
Sinhalese	10	10	0	280	145	135
Sri Lankan	35	20	20	1,090	545	545
Tamil	0	0	0	245	145	105
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	0	0	0	725	415	305
East and Southeast Asian origins	5,430	2,710	2,725	124,100	60,175	63,925
Burmese	0	0	0	260	125	135
Cambodian (Khmer)	10	0	0	525	280	240
Chinese	2,325	1,175	1,150	30,150	14,980	15,170
Filipino	2,760	1,340	1,415	83,530	39,955	43,580
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	25	10	15	530	265	265
Japanese	95	60	40	2,675	1,305	1,365
Karen	0	0	0	455	195	255
Korean	235	125	110	4,545	2,300	2,240
Laotian	20	10	10	1,730	820	910
Malaysian	15	0	10	470	240	230
Mongolian	10	0	10	150	60	90
Singaporean	0	0	0	20	10	10
Taiwanese	0	0	10	150	90	60
Thai	60	30	30	750	335	420
Tibetan	0	0	0	15	10	10
Vietnamese	80	40	40	5,850	2,915	2,935
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	0	0	0	145	70	80
Other Asian origins	40	35	0	575	320	260
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	40	35	0	575	320	260
Oceania origins	155	75	75	1,525	740	785
Australian	70	40	30	910	415	495
New Zealander	30	20	15	315	170	140
Pacific Islands origins	50	20	35	345	180	165
Fijian	15	0	20	80	45	30
Hawaiian	10	0	0	60	30	30
Maori	10	0	0	55	30	25
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	0	0	0	95	45	45
Samoan	0	0	0	25	0	15
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	25	15	10	65	30	35
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	45,740	...	...	489,050	...	...
Owner	32,570	...	...	336,170	...	...
Renter	12,385	...	...	140,260	...	...
Band housing	780	...	...	12,620	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	45,740	...	...	489,050	...	...
Condominium	2,850	...	...	33,325	...	...
Not condominium	42,890	...	...	455,725	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	45,740	...	...	489,050	...	...
No bedrooms	225	...	...	3,745	...	...
1 bedroom	3,880	...	...	63,040	...	...
2 bedrooms	12,205	...	...	121,520	...	...
3 bedrooms	16,260	...	...	175,500	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	13,170	...	...	125,240	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	45,740	...	...	489,050	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	10,060	...	...	132,410	...	...
5 rooms	7,410	...	...	82,935	...	...
6 rooms	7,185	...	...	78,750	...	...
7 rooms	6,705	...	...	64,560	...	...
8 or more rooms	14,380	...	...	130,400	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.5	...	...	6.1	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	45,740	...	...	489,050	...	...
One person or fewer per room	45,035	...	...	473,625	...	...
More than 1 person per room	705	...	...	15,420	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	45,740	...	...	489,050	...	...
Suitable	43,975	...	...	456,365	...	...
Not suitable	1,765	...	...	32,680	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	45,740	...	...	489,050	...	...
1960 or before	13,765	...	...	142,200	...	...
1961 to 1980	14,745	...	...	158,180	...	...
1981 to 1990	5,360	...	...	65,190	...	...
1991 to 2000	4,125	...	...	42,740	...	...
2001 to 2005	1,955	...	...	20,815	...	...
2006 to 2010	2,600	...	...	27,880	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	3,200	...	...	32,035	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	45,740	...	...	489,050	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	42,335	...	...	444,995	...	...
Major repairs needed	3,405	...	...	44,055	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	45,740	...	...	489,050	...	...
1 household maintainer	28,425	...	...	290,830	...	...
2 household maintainers	16,600	...	...	187,775	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	715	...	...	10,445	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	45,740	...	...	489,050	...	...
15 to 24 years	2,365	...	...	17,240	...	...
25 to 34 years	7,350	...	...	74,950	...	...
35 to 44 years	7,720	...	...	84,800	...	...
45 to 54 years	7,465	...	...	95,135	...	...
55 to 64 years	8,670	...	...	96,255	...	...
65 to 74 years	6,440	...	...	67,475	...	...
75 to 84 years	3,930	...	...	37,760	...	...
85 years and over	1,810	...	...	15,440	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	41,880	...	...	461,870	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	35,260	...	...	373,860	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	6,620	...	...	88,010	...	...
30% to less than 100%	5,890	...	...	76,075	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	29,710	...	...	324,120	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	56.0	...	...	60.4	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	9.9	...	...	11.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	792	...	...	973	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	953	...	...	1,085	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	229,982	...	...	275,473	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	249,789	...	...	297,444	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	12,235	...	...	138,905	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	20.0	...	...	19.4	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	30.3	...	...	36.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	751	...	...	868	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	788	...	...	891	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	87,400	43,030	44,370	1,001,305	491,580	509,725
No certificate, diploma or degree	19,140	10,670	8,475	220,390	116,570	103,820
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	27,265	13,985	13,280	296,355	147,040	149,320
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	40,995	18,385	22,610	484,555	227,975	256,585
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	8,245	5,720	2,520	77,000	54,090	22,910
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	3,880	2,180	1,700	37,490	21,985	15,500
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	4,365	3,540	825	39,515	32,110	7,410
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	17,540	6,510	11,035	177,620	72,785	104,840
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,705	1,125	1,575	28,940	12,075	16,860
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	12,505	5,025	7,480	200,990	89,020	111,970
Bachelor's degree	9,235	3,480	5,755	143,780	61,350	82,430
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,010	345	665	16,040	6,675	9,365
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	415	285	130	6,105	3,515	2,595
Master's degree	1,465	660	805	29,305	13,830	15,470
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	380	255	125	5,765	3,645	2,115
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	56,410	28,025	28,385	654,670	323,300	331,370
No certificate, diploma or degree	7,905	4,860	3,040	94,310	54,700	39,610
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	17,605	9,370	8,235	182,335	93,000	89,330
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	30,900	13,790	17,110	378,030	175,595	202,435
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	5,725	4,030	1,695	53,800	38,185	15,620
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	2,625	1,460	1,165	25,955	15,460	10,490
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	3,095	2,570	525	27,850	22,725	5,125
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	13,405	5,090	8,315	137,930	57,445	80,485
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,785	805	975	21,215	8,995	12,220
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	9,995	3,870	6,125	165,085	70,970	94,115
Bachelor's degree	7,475	2,790	4,685	119,150	50,120	69,035
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	740	245	495	12,185	4,840	7,350
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	335	200	130	5,075	2,705	2,370
Master's degree	1,180	470	710	24,410	10,815	13,595
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	270	165	105	4,270	2,495	1,770
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	87,400	43,030	44,365	1,001,305	491,585	509,725
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	46,405	24,650	21,760	516,750	263,605	253,140
Education	4,515	1,125	3,385	44,855	11,705	33,145
13. Education	4,510	1,120	3,390	44,855	11,710	33,145
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	785	350	430	13,170	6,230	6,940
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	170	125	40	2,415	1,860	550
50. Visual and performing arts	615	225	385	10,755	4,365	6,390
Humanities	1,520	670	850	23,030	9,915	13,110
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	55	20	40	1,775	400	1,380
23. English language and literature/letters	200	60	140	3,905	1,110	2,795
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	450	125	320	7,065	2,820	4,240
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	0	0	10	60	25	30
38. Philosophy and religious studies	120	70	50	1,590	940	650
39. Theology and religious vocations	380	235	145	4,510	2,590	1,925
54. History	280	165	120	3,410	1,855	1,555
55. French language and literature/letters	30	0	30	705	175	530
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,755	715	2,045	46,555	15,805	30,750
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	70	10	60	880	220	660
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	120	50	75	3,115	1,225	1,890
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	905	40	865	10,760	795	9,965
22. Legal professions and studies	375	95	285	7,130	2,365	4,760
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	65	25	40	955	305	650
42. Psychology	505	115	390	8,155	2,385	5,770
45. Social sciences	710	375	335	15,565	8,510	7,055
Business, management and public administration	6,920	1,970	4,950	95,115	34,865	60,255
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	10	10	320	105	210
44. Public administration and social service professions	570	135	445	7,670	1,875	5,790
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	6,335	1,835	4,505	87,125	32,875	54,250
Physical and life sciences and technologies	990	515	475	16,120	8,165	7,950
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	390	190	200	6,625	2,990	3,640
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	200	105	100	4,325	2,285	2,040
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	20	0	15	470	70	395
40. Physical sciences	275	190	90	3,685	2,585	1,095
41. Science technologies/technicians	100	20	75	1,020	240	780
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	745	450	300	18,425	11,380	7,050
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	555	380	175	15,225	10,050	5,175
25. Library science	70	0	65	1,140	175	965
27. Mathematics and statistics	110	55	55	1,945	1,080	865
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	10	0	10	120	75	40
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	8,460	7,975	490	96,625	89,275	7,350
04. Architecture and related services	130	60	75	2,420	1,380	1,040
14. Engineering	615	505	115	16,205	13,530	2,675
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	1,280	1,150	130	17,815	15,975	1,845
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	2,350	2,295	50	22,160	21,705	450
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	3,190	3,105	80	27,485	26,650	830
48. Precision production	895	860	35	10,530	10,030	505
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	2,530	1,890	645	14,540	10,260	4,275
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	2,220	1,705	515	11,380	8,280	3,100
03. Natural resources and conservation	315	185	130	3,160	1,980	1,180
Health and related fields	8,725	1,310	7,410	87,795	16,505	71,290
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	330	155	180	4,105	1,945	2,155
51. Health professions and related programs	8,305	1,090	7,220	81,865	13,450	68,415
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	80	65	20	1,825	1,110	715
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,040	1,415	1,620	28,275	13,845	14,435
12. Personal and culinary services	1,930	430	1,495	16,750	4,095	12,655
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	30	25	10	90	85	10
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	25	20	0	240	230	10
43. Security and protective services	595	495	90	5,005	3,680	1,330
49. Transportation and materials moving	465	445	20	6,185	5,750	435
Other	0	0	10	60	30	35
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	0	0	0	60	25	35
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	56,415	28,030	28,380	654,670	323,300	331,375
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	25,510	14,235	11,275	276,645	147,710	128,935
Education	2,875	755	2,120	31,645	7,860	23,785
13. Education	2,875	755	2,120	31,650	7,865	23,785
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	570	255	310	10,350	4,875	5,475
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	130	90	40	1,815	1,335	480
50. Visual and performing arts	440	170	270	8,540	3,545	4,990
Humanities	1,080	470	610	17,250	7,370	9,880
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	50	20	30	1,485	330	1,155
23. English language and literature/letters	150	45	105	2,930	810	2,120
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	330	90	240	5,420	2,245	3,180
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	0	0	10	55	30	30
38. Philosophy and religious studies	85	45	40	1,230	715	515
39. Theology and religious vocations	255	150	100	3,255	1,835	1,420
54. History	200	120	80	2,365	1,275	1,090
55. French language and literature/letters	15	0	15	505	135	370
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,345	610	1,730	38,120	12,380	25,740
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	65	10	55	740	185	555
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	100	40	60	2,575	965	1,610
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	800	35	765	8,805	605	8,195
22. Legal professions and studies	325	85	245	6,085	1,795	4,285
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	55	30	35	815	265	550
42. Psychology	385	90	295	6,370	1,720	4,645
45. Social sciences	610	335	280	12,730	6,835	5,895
Business, management and public administration	5,505	1,600	3,905	76,370	27,865	48,495
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	0	270	95	175
44. Public administration and social service professions	455	85	370	6,145	1,335	4,810
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	5,045	1,515	3,530	69,950	26,440	43,510
Physical and life sciences and technologies	735	380	355	12,195	5,930	6,270
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	320	145	175	5,290	2,265	3,025
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	125	70	55	3,005	1,595	1,405
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	15	10	15	405	65	345
40. Physical sciences	215	135	80	2,805	1,855	950
41. Science technologies/technicians	60	15	40	690	150	545
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	665	405	255	15,955	9,965	5,985
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	505	350	155	13,600	9,015	4,585
25. Library science	60	10	55	790	135	650
27. Mathematics and statistics	85	40	45	1,465	760	700
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	0	10	0	100	60	45
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	6,225	5,825	400	73,680	67,440	6,240
04. Architecture and related services	115	55	60	2,025	1,160	865
14. Engineering	505	415	95	13,705	11,305	2,405
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	945	840	110	13,840	12,265	1,575
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	1,720	1,675	40	16,060	15,690	365
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,320	2,240	80	20,395	19,765	625
48. Precision production	625	600	20	7,655	7,250	405
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,945	1,375	570	11,450	7,800	3,645
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	1,650	1,210	440	8,760	6,170	2,590
03. Natural resources and conservation	290	165	130	2,695	1,635	1,060
Health and related fields	6,630	990	5,640	69,600	13,415	56,185
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	265	130	135	3,310	1,585	1,715
51. Health professions and related programs	6,300	825	5,480	64,870	11,020	53,850
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	60	40	20	1,430	810	620
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,320	1,120	1,205	21,365	10,660	10,705
12. Personal and culinary services	1,440	340	1,105	12,255	2,980	9,275
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	25	25	0	90	85	10
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	15	10	0	110	105	0
43. Security and protective services	470	395	75	4,025	2,945	1,080
49. Transportation and materials moving	365	345	20	4,885	4,545	340
Other	10	0	0	50	30	25
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	10	0	0	50	25	25
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	87,395	43,035	44,365	1,001,305	491,585	509,725
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	46,405	24,650	21,755	516,750	263,610	253,145
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	40,995	18,385	22,610	484,555	227,975	256,585
Location of study inside Canada	36,200	15,930	20,270	403,775	188,230	215,540
Same as province or territory of residence	30,415	13,005	17,405	352,390	162,050	190,340
Different than province or territory of residence	5,780	2,920	2,860	51,385	26,185	25,200
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	4,795	2,455	2,340	80,785	39,745	41,040
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	880	450	430	9,155	4,910	4,245
Philippines	1,075	505	575	26,450	11,595	14,860
India	515	260	255	10,365	5,300	5,070
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	480	255	225	4,180	2,350	1,825
China^{Census data footnote 162}	250	140	110	2,865	1,330	1,535
France	10	0	10	395	235	165
Other	1,590	850	735	27,375	14,030	13,345
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	56,410	28,030	28,380	654,670	323,300	331,375
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	25,510	14,235	11,275	276,640	147,705	128,935
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	30,905	13,790	17,110	378,035	175,595	202,440
Location of study inside Canada	26,765	11,680	15,085	309,655	142,710	166,950
Same as province or territory of residence	22,355	9,475	12,880	270,435	123,090	147,340
Different than province or territory of residence	4,410	2,205	2,205	39,225	19,615	19,610
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	4,140	2,110	2,020	68,375	32,885	35,485
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	640	310	325	6,215	3,005	3,210
Philippines	1,025	490	535	24,495	10,775	13,720
India	480	235	245	9,430	4,770	4,660
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	320	175	150	2,465	1,385	1,080
China^{Census data footnote 162}	230	130	100	2,630	1,210	1,420
France	10	0	10	340	195	145
Other	1,435	770	665	22,805	11,555	11,255
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	87,400	43,030	44,365	1,001,305	491,580	509,725
In the labour force	60,355	31,865	28,495	662,155	347,685	314,465
Employed	56,525	29,800	26,730	617,465	322,130	295,335
Unemployed	3,835	2,070	1,770	44,690	25,560	19,130
Not in the labour force	27,045	11,170	15,870	339,155	143,895	195,260
Participation rate	69.1	74.1	64.2	66.1	70.7	61.7
Employment rate	64.7	69.3	60.3	61.7	65.5	57.9
Unemployment rate	6.4	6.5	6.2	6.7	7.4	6.1
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	87,400	43,030	44,365	1,001,310	491,585	509,725
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	23,950	9,725	14,220	312,495	131,600	180,900
Worked	63,450	33,305	30,145	688,810	359,980	328,830
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	33,065	19,685	13,380	358,800	206,460	152,330
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	30,380	13,620	16,765	330,010	153,520	176,495
Average weeks worked in reference year	43.0	43.9	42.0	42.9	43.5	42.3
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	60,360	31,865	28,495	662,155	347,685	314,465
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	850	350	495	12,625	6,125	6,505
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	59,515	31,510	28,005	649,530	341,560	307,965
Employee	51,250	26,090	25,155	580,885	296,560	284,325
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	8,265	5,420	2,845	68,645	45,000	23,640
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	60,360	31,860	28,495	662,155	347,690	314,470
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	850	355	495	12,625	6,125	6,505
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	59,515	31,510	28,000	649,525	341,565	307,965
0 Management occupations	7,855	5,395	2,455	71,455	45,945	25,510
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	7,235	1,690	5,540	96,050	27,530	68,515
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	1,990	1,490	500	34,135	26,895	7,240
3 Health occupations	5,030	730	4,290	52,280	10,830	41,450
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	7,360	2,475	4,885	86,055	27,425	58,630
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	790	260	535	14,355	6,025	8,325
6 Sales and service occupations	12,615	4,980	7,635	144,490	62,735	81,760
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	9,440	9,025	415	102,660	97,500	5,160
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	3,400	2,655	740	18,400	14,490	3,910
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	3,800	2,800	995	29,650	22,180	7,475
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	60,360	31,865	28,495	662,155	347,685	314,465
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	850	350	495	12,625	6,120	6,500
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	59,510	31,510	28,005	649,525	341,560	307,965
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	6,425	4,785	1,645	28,680	20,765	7,920
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	1,145	1,000	150	5,460	4,830	635
22 Utilities	535	435	100	7,390	5,625	1,765
23 Construction	4,245	3,760	480	49,575	43,990	5,585
31-33 Manufacturing	5,135	3,705	1,435	54,645	40,800	13,845
41 Wholesale trade	1,955	1,505	445	21,890	16,040	5,850
44-45 Retail trade	6,650	3,180	3,470	69,700	33,960	35,740
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,180	1,810	365	35,490	28,350	7,145
51 Information and cultural industries	710	350	360	10,875	6,085	4,790
52 Finance and insurance	1,720	585	1,130	25,885	9,615	16,270
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	550	300	255	8,235	4,565	3,670
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	1,660	695	965	28,470	14,790	13,680
55 Management of companies and enterprises	15	0	15	635	250	380
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,585	875	705	22,285	13,105	9,170
61 Educational services	4,415	1,230	3,190	55,025	17,480	37,540
62 Health care and social assistance	8,855	1,235	7,615	93,960	18,345	75,615
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,020	560	465	12,980	6,620	6,360
72 Accommodation and food services	3,885	1,435	2,455	43,655	17,430	26,230
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,470	1,295	1,175	28,055	13,740	14,315
91 Public administration	4,350	2,765	1,590	46,645	25,180	21,465
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	56,525	29,795	26,730	617,465	322,125	295,335
Worked at home	6,460	3,950	2,510	42,530	23,485	19,050
Worked outside Canada	80	50	30	1,935	1,305	630
No fixed workplace address	6,355	4,955	1,395	68,420	52,715	15,710
Worked at usual place	43,630	20,840	22,790	504,580	244,620	259,960
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	43,630	20,840	22,790	504,580	244,620	259,960
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	29,545	13,630	15,915	384,465	181,650	202,820
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	9,375	4,620	4,750	50,350	23,760	26,580
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	4,100	2,190	1,910	66,495	37,055	29,435
Commute to a different province or territory	605	390	215	3,275	2,150	1,120
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	49,985	25,795	24,185	573,005	297,335	275,665
Car, truck, van - as a driver	41,020	21,775	19,235	431,755	237,860	193,895
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	3,210	1,430	1,785	40,595	14,520	26,070
Public transit	1,225	550	680	53,740	21,780	31,955
Walked	3,625	1,470	2,150	32,330	13,815	18,520
Bicycle	425	305	115	8,175	5,670	2,505
Other method	485	265	220	6,410	3,695	2,715
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	49,985	25,795	24,185	573,000	297,340	275,665
Less than 15 minutes	28,000	13,550	14,450	185,120	87,795	97,320
15 to 29 minutes	13,180	6,920	6,265	208,570	108,680	99,890
30 to 44 minutes	5,280	3,010	2,265	115,090	63,555	51,535
45 to 59 minutes	1,760	1,050	705	36,755	20,485	16,270
60 minutes and over	1,765	1,265	495	27,470	16,820	10,650
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	49,985	25,800	24,185	573,000	297,335	275,665
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	2,625	1,920	705	28,060	20,145	7,915
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	7,980	4,860	3,120	104,545	65,630	38,925
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	15,575	9,325	6,250	168,760	90,125	78,630
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	12,160	4,445	7,715	126,090	50,885	75,200
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	4,010	1,530	2,480	53,120	22,305	30,810
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	7,630	3,720	3,910	92,430	48,240	44,190
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	65,195	34,055	31,140	710,830	370,255	340,575
Single responses	64,710	33,780	30,930	702,445	366,000	336,445
Official languages	64,360	33,615	30,745	694,855	361,770	333,090
English	64,210	33,590	30,620	688,400	359,660	328,730
French	150	25	125	6,455	2,100	4,355
Non-official languages	350	165	185	7,590	4,235	3,360
Aboriginal languages	10	0	10	1,815	1,025	800
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	1,755	990	755
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	985	565	420
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	980	565	415
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	0	10	770	430	335
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	230	125	110
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	535	310	230
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	10	0	0	55	25	30
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	60	25	30
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	55	30	30
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	10
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	10	0	10	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	10	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	340	165	175	5,770	3,215	2,560
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	300	155	145
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	30	10	20
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	30	10	20
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	10	0	0	270	145	125
Amharic	0	0	0	15	0	10
Arabic	0	0	0	105	70	40
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	115	50	65
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	10	0	0	35	25	10
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	140	35	100
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	140	35	100
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	30	20	15	485	245	240
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	10	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	10	10	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	30	15	15	470	235	240
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	10	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	175	85	95	3,115	1,865	1,255
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	10	0	0	480	245	235
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	10	0	10	480	245	235
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	15	10	10
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	65	50	20
Russian	0	0	0	280	145	135
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	110	40	70
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	15	10	10	1,300	790	505
Afrikaans	0	10	0	10	10	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	40	10	30
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	0	10	10	950	585	370
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Swedish	0	0	0	0	10	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	10	10	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	290	185	105
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	10	10	0	755	505	260
Indo-Aryan languages	0	10	0	685	455	225
Bengali	0	0	0	20	0	15
Gujarati	10	0	0	10	10	10
Hindi	0	10	0	40	40	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	10	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	605	400	210
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	10	0	10
Iranian languages	0	0	0	75	45	30
Kurdish	0	0	0	10	10	10
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	65	45	20
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	145	70	75	580	330	245
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	10	10	0	20	10	10
Portuguese	10	0	0	330	215	115
Romanian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Spanish	130	55	70	220	100	125
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	10	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	10	0	10	305	150	150
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	15	15	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	10	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	10	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	210	80	135
American Sign Language	0	0	10	155	65	95
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	55	15	45
Sino-Tibetan languages	115	60	55	1,170	650	515
Chinese languages	115	65	55	1,160	650	515
Cantonese	50	25	30	690	380	315
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	50	35	15	440	255	185
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	10	0	10	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	0	10	25	10	10
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	10	10	10
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	15	0	10
Lao	0	0	0	10	0	10
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	485	270	210	8,390	4,255	4,125
English and French	115	60	50	2,655	1,150	1,505
English and non-official language	370	210	160	5,680	3,085	2,590
French and non-official language	0	0	0	10	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	45	20	30
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	65,195	34,050	31,145	710,835	370,255	340,575
None	62,830	32,740	30,085	662,595	346,710	315,885
English	255	75	180	8,550	3,690	4,855
French	565	355	210	13,320	5,825	7,495
Non-official language	1,515	860	650	25,960	13,815	12,145
Aboriginal	150	65	80	6,500	3,245	3,255
Non-Aboriginal	1,365	795	575	19,460	10,575	8,890
English and French	0	0	0	10	0	10
English and non-official language	0	0	0	65	45	20
French and non-official language	30	20	15	335	160	175
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	10	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	106,750	52,940	53,815	1,225,480	606,585	618,895
Non-movers	92,445	46,020	46,430	1,064,380	527,020	537,360
Movers	14,305	6,920	7,385	161,100	79,570	81,535
Non-migrants	8,035	4,040	3,990	105,090	52,025	53,065
Migrants	6,275	2,875	3,395	56,010	27,545	28,465
Internal migrants	5,330	2,465	2,865	41,305	20,285	21,020
Intraprovincial migrants	3,965	1,805	2,160	30,395	14,720	15,675
Interprovincial migrants	1,365	655	710	10,915	5,565	5,345
External migrants	940	415	525	14,705	7,260	7,445
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	101,090	49,990	51,095	1,161,240	573,310	587,930
Non-movers	61,345	30,500	30,845	718,640	355,585	363,050
Movers	39,745	19,495	20,250	442,600	217,725	224,875
Non-migrants	19,090	9,615	9,470	261,015	128,560	132,455
Migrants	20,655	9,880	10,780	181,585	89,165	92,420
Internal migrants	16,290	7,780	8,505	117,135	56,880	60,260
Intraprovincial migrants	12,070	5,530	6,540	86,295	41,295	45,000
Interprovincial migrants	4,220	2,250	1,970	30,840	15,580	15,260
External migrants	4,370	2,100	2,275	64,445	32,285	32,165

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

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Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 35 referrer

Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 36 referrer

Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 37 referrer

Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 38 referrer

Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

Return to footnote 39 referrer

Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 40 referrer

Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

Return to footnote 41 referrer

Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 42 referrer

Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Southwest [Economic region], Manitoba and Manitoba [Province] (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 9, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Southwest [Economic region], Manitoba and Manitoba [Province]

Census Profile, 2016 Census Southwest [Economic region], Manitoba and Manitoba [Province]

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Southwest [Economic region], Manitoba and Manitoba [Province]