Census Profile, 2016 Census
Southwest [Economic region], Manitoba and Nunavut [Territory]

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Southwest Manitoba [Economic region]			Nunavut [Territory]
	Data quality , Southwest [Economic region], Manitoba Map : Southwest [Economic region], Manitoba Change geography 1			Data quality : Nunavut [Territory] Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	113,618	...	...	35,944	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	108,868	...	...	31,906	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	4.4	...	...	12.7	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	51,677	...	...	11,433	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	45,740	...	...	9,819	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	4.2	...	...	0.0	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	27,248.21	...	...	1,877,778.53	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	113,615	56,160	57,455	35,945	18,390	17,550
0 to 14 years	21,810	11,285	10,530	11,685	5,975	5,710
0 to 4 years	7,465	3,885	3,580	4,155	2,130	2,025
5 to 9 years	7,470	3,865	3,600	4,120	2,130	1,985
10 to 14 years	6,875	3,535	3,345	3,415	1,720	1,700
15 to 64 years	71,590	35,795	35,790	22,895	11,710	11,190
15 to 19 years	6,640	3,335	3,300	3,140	1,600	1,535
20 to 24 years	6,925	3,525	3,400	3,045	1,535	1,510
25 to 29 years	7,555	3,775	3,780	3,185	1,610	1,580
30 to 34 years	7,645	3,855	3,795	2,815	1,390	1,425
35 to 39 years	7,405	3,750	3,660	2,385	1,210	1,180
40 to 44 years	6,875	3,480	3,395	2,030	1,065	965
45 to 49 years	6,215	3,115	3,100	2,065	1,055	1,005
50 to 54 years	7,330	3,530	3,800	1,840	955	890
55 to 59 years	7,895	3,915	3,975	1,405	750	655
60 to 64 years	7,100	3,510	3,585	975	535	440
65 years and over	20,220	9,075	11,140	1,360	710	655
65 to 69 years	6,260	3,025	3,235	655	340	310
70 to 74 years	4,420	2,110	2,310	345	180	165
75 to 79 years	3,430	1,570	1,860	205	110	100
80 to 84 years	2,630	1,135	1,495	105	50	50
85 years and over	3,490	1,235	2,255	55	25	25
85 to 89 years	1,985	810	1,180	40	20	25
90 to 94 years	1,105	330	775	10	5	5
95 to 99 years	350	90	255	5	5	5
100 years and over	45	5	40	0	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	19.2	20.1	18.3	32.5	32.5	32.5
15 to 64 years	63.0	63.7	62.3	63.7	63.7	63.8
65 years and over	17.8	16.2	19.4	3.8	3.9	3.7
85 years and over	3.1	2.2	3.9	0.2	0.1	0.1
Average age of the population	40.3	39.1	41.3	27.7	27.8	27.5
Median age of the population	39.2	38.0	40.4	25.1	25.2	25.1
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	45,740	...	...	9,820	...	...
Single-detached house	32,155	...	...	4,355	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	715	...	...	110	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	10,275	...	...	5,335	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,355	...	...	875	...	...
Row house	2,150	...	...	2,960	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	725	...	...	175	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	5,930	...	...	1,300	...	...
Other single-attached house	115	...	...	15	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	2,595	...	...	20	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	45,740	...	...	9,820	...	...
1 person	13,285	...	...	1,855	...	...
2 persons	17,230	...	...	1,890	...	...
3 persons	6,070	...	...	1,495	...	...
4 persons	5,550	...	...	1,545	...	...
5 or more persons	3,610	...	...	3,030	...	...
Number of persons in private households	108,215	...	...	35,580	...	...
Average household size	2.4	...	...	3.6	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	91,810	44,875	46,935	24,260	12,415	11,840
Married or living common law	56,280	28,305	27,975	12,895	6,480	6,420
Married	47,430	23,870	23,560	6,625	3,350	3,280
Living common law	8,850	4,435	4,415	6,270	3,130	3,140
Not married and not living common law	35,530	16,570	18,960	11,360	5,935	5,425
Never married	22,355	12,285	10,070	9,790	5,345	4,450
Separated	2,010	945	1,070	405	185	215
Divorced	4,845	2,080	2,765	440	190	255
Widowed	6,315	1,255	5,060	720	220	505
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	31,175	...	...	8,780	...	...
2 persons	17,145	...	...	2,825	...	...
3 persons	5,755	...	...	2,145	...	...
4 persons	5,390	...	...	1,690	...	...
5 or more persons	2,885	...	...	2,115	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...	3.5	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	31,175	...	...	8,780	...	...
Total couple families	26,935	...	...	6,225	...	...
Married couples	22,515	...	...	3,095	...	...
Common-law couples	4,420	...	...	3,135	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	4,240	...	...	2,550	...	...
Female parent	3,325	...	...	1,820	...	...
Male parent	920	...	...	735	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	26,935	...	...	6,230	...	...
Couples without children	14,660	...	...	1,465	...	...
Couples with children	12,275	...	...	4,760	...	...
1 child	4,610	...	...	1,440	...	...
2 children	4,985	...	...	1,400	...	...
3 or more children	2,680	...	...	1,920	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	4,240	...	...	2,555	...	...
1 child	2,490	...	...	1,360	...	...
2 children	1,140	...	...	700	...	...
3 or more children	610	...	...	485	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	19,485	9,710	9,770	4,475	2,555	1,915
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	45,740	...	...	9,820	...	...
One-census-family households	30,095	...	...	6,355	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	14,275	...	...	1,065	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	15,815	...	...	5,290	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	530	...	...	1,140	...	...
Non-census-family households	15,110	...	...	2,320	...	...
One-person households	13,280	...	...	1,855	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	1,830	...	...	470	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	111,840	55,500	56,335	35,690	18,200	17,490
English only	105,435	52,515	52,915	32,065	16,345	15,715
French only	50	25	20	60	35	20
English and French	4,940	2,285	2,660	1,525	795	725
Neither English nor French	1,415	680	735	2,045	1,025	1,025
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	111,840	55,505	56,335	35,690	18,200	17,490
English	108,800	53,995	54,805	32,990	16,795	16,195
French	1,500	780	725	580	340	240
English and French	170	85	90	90	50	40
Neither English nor French	1,365	645	715	2,025	1,015	1,015
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	1,590	820	770	625	365	260
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	1.4	1.5	1.4	1.8	2.0	1.5
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	111,840	55,505	56,335	35,695	18,200	17,490
Single responses	110,385	54,750	55,635	34,960	17,830	17,130
Official languages	94,140	46,575	47,565	11,615	6,085	5,530
English	92,485	45,735	46,755	11,020	5,740	5,280
French	1,655	845	815	595	350	240
Non-official languages	16,245	8,170	8,075	23,345	11,740	11,605
Aboriginal languages	900	410	490	22,610	11,360	11,250
Algonquian languages	340	140	195	15	5	10
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	115	45	70	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	30	10	20	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	80	35	50	5	0	5
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	5	5	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	5	5	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	220	95	125	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	210	90	115	5	0	0
Oji-Cree	15	5	10	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	5	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	5	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	5
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	5	0	5	22,600	11,355	11,245
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	495	220	275
Inuktitut	5	5	5	22,070	11,125	10,945
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	10	20
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	10	5	5	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	545	260	280	0	0	0
Dakota	540	260	280	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	15,345	7,760	7,585	735	380	350
Afro-Asiatic languages	420	240	180	75	60	20
Berber languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	5	5	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	35	20	10	10	10	0
Bilen	20	15	10	0	0	0
Oromo	5	5	0	5	5	0
Somali	5	0	0	10	5	5
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	380	220	170	60	45	15
Amharic	225	120	105	20	10	5
Arabic	105	65	40	40	30	10
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	5	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	50	30	20	5	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	55	25	35	5	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	5	0	5	0
Vietnamese	55	25	30	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	2,045	1,075	970	175	65	105
Bikol	15	10	5	0	0	0
Cebuano	150	75	70	5	5	5
Fijian	5	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	15	10	10	5	5	5
Ilocano	45	20	25	20	5	10
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	10	0	5	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	25	15	10	0	0	0
Pangasinan	5	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,770	930	835	135	50	80
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0	0	0
Creole languages	110	55	55	0	0	5
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	85	40	45	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	90	50	40	20	10	10
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	60	30	30	5	0	0
Tamil	20	15	10	15	10	5
Telugu	15	10	5	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	10,485	5,270	5,210	270	145	120
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	5	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,795	845	945	40	30	15
Baltic languages	15	5	10	0	0	0
Latvian	10	5	10	0	0	0
Lithuanian	5	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	1,785	845	935	45	30	15
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	10	5	10	0	0	0
Bulgarian	5	0	5	0	5	0
Croatian	20	10	10	0	0	0
Czech	25	10	15	5	0	0
Macedonian	5	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	165	60	100	15	15	0
Russian	310	150	165	10	5	5
Serbian	0	0	5	5	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	10	5	5	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	1,235	600	635	5	5	5
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	20	10	10	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	5	5	5	0	0	0
Welsh	15	5	10	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	5,125	2,560	2,560	70	40	30
Afrikaans	135	70	65	0	0	0
Danish	25	10	15	5	5	0
Dutch	230	115	120	15	5	5
Frisian	5	0	5	0	0	0
German	4,635	2,325	2,310	35	20	15
Icelandic	15	10	10	0	0	0
Norwegian	15	10	10	10	5	5
Swedish	5	5	5	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	55	25	30	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Greek	35	25	10	5	5	0
Indo-Iranian languages	1,095	610	485	85	45	45
Indo-Aryan languages	1,055	590	465	80	40	35
Bengali	25	15	10	25	15	15
Gujarati	600	335	260	5	0	0
Hindi	65	45	25	5	5	5
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	5	0	0	0	5
Nepali	5	5	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	215	120	100	5	5	0
Sindhi	5	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	20	15	5	0	0	5
Urdu	115	60	55	25	15	15
Iranian languages	35	15	20	10	5	5
Kurdish	5	0	5	0	5	0
Pashto	10	5	5	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	15	10	10	10	5	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,415	1,215	1,195	60	30	30
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	50	30	20	5	5	5
Portuguese	50	25	30	5	5	0
Romanian	20	10	5	10	0	5
Spanish	2,290	1,155	1,135	45	20	25
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	15	5	10	0	0	5
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	210	100	110	10	0	5
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	5	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	145	75	70	75	50	30
Akan (Twi)	5	5	0	5	5	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	5	0	5	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	10	5	0	5	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	15	10	5
Swahili	10	5	5	5	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	100	50	50	10	5	5
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	15	5	5	30	15	15
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	5	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	20	10	10	20	10	10
American Sign Language	10	5	5	5	0	5
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	10	0	5	10	5	5
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,660	825	830	50	20	30
Chinese languages	1,655	830	830	50	20	30
Cantonese	385	190	200	15	5	10
Hakka	0	5	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	1,160	590	575	10	5	5
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	5	5	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	0	5	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	95	45	50	20	10	15
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	5	5	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	15	5	15	0	0	5
Lao	5	5	0	0	0	0
Thai	10	0	5	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	15	10	10	5	0	5
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	10	5	5	5	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	5	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	45	20	30	20	10	5
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	15	5	10	5	5	5
Hungarian	35	15	20	10	5	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	5	0	5
Multiple responses	1,455	755	700	735	370	365
English and French	195	115	80	25	10	15
English and non-official language	1,185	600	585	685	355	335
French and non-official language	35	20	15	10	5	10
English, French and non-official language	40	25	15	10	5	5
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	111,840	55,505	56,335	35,695	18,200	17,490
Single responses	108,985	54,055	54,930	35,085	17,895	17,185
Official languages	99,300	49,095	50,210	17,030	8,660	8,370
English	98,790	48,815	49,975	16,685	8,470	8,215
French	505	280	230	345	190	155
Non-official languages	9,690	4,965	4,725	18,055	9,240	8,815
Aboriginal languages	80	40	35	17,735	9,070	8,665
Algonquian languages	55	25	30	5	5	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	20	5	10	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	5	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	5	0	5	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	35	20	15	5	5	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	30	15	10	5	5	0
Oji-Cree	5	5	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	17,735	9,070	8,665
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	110	45	60
Inuktitut	0	0	0	17,600	9,015	8,590
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	10	15
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	20	15	5	0	0	0
Dakota	20	15	5	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	9,610	4,925	4,685	320	165	150
Afro-Asiatic languages	300	160	145	30	20	15
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	20	10	10	5	5	0
Bilen	20	15	10	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	5	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	280	140	135	25	15	10
Amharic	165	85	80	15	5	5
Arabic	65	30	35	15	5	5
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	50	25	20	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	35	10	25	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	35	15	25	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	1,190	665	530	120	55	60
Bikol	5	5	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	85	50	35	0	0	0
Fijian	5	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	20	15	5	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	5	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10	0	5	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,060	595	465	110	55	60
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	5	0	5
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0	0	0
Creole languages	85	35	45	5	5	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	75	35	40	5	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	55	30	30	15	10	5
Kannada	5	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	35	15	20	0	0	0
Tamil	5	5	0	15	10	5
Telugu	15	10	5	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	6,205	3,145	3,060	85	50	35
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	5	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	615	320	295	10	5	5
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	5	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	615	315	300	10	5	5
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	5	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	5	5	5	0	0	0
Czech	5	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	25	15	10	5	0	0
Russian	210	95	110	5	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	5	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	365	195	165	0	5	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	5	0	5	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	5	5	5	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	2,920	1,460	1,460	5	5	5
Afrikaans	75	35	40	0	0	0
Danish	5	5	0	0	0	0
Dutch	35	15	20	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	2,800	1,400	1,400	0	5	0
Icelandic	0	0	5	0	0	0
Norwegian	5	0	5	0	0	0
Swedish	5	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	10	5	5	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	805	440	365	45	25	20
Indo-Aryan languages	790	435	355	45	25	20
Bengali	5	0	5	20	15	10
Gujarati	485	270	215	0	0	0
Hindi	40	25	20	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	5	0	0
Nepali	5	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	155	80	75	0	5	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	5	5	0	0	0
Urdu	85	45	40	15	5	5
Iranian languages	15	10	10	5	5	0
Kurdish	5	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	5	5	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	10	5	5	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,840	910	925	25	15	10
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	5	5	5	0	0	0
Portuguese	10	5	5	0	0	0
Romanian	5	5	5	0	5	0
Spanish	1,820	905	915	15	10	5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	5	5	0	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	170	80	85	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	60	25	30	20	10	10
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	5	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	5	5	5
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	0	5	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	5	0	0
Swahili	10	5	5	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	35	15	15	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	10	5	5	5	5
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	25	15	10	35	20	15
American Sign Language	10	5	5	5	0	5
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	20	10	10	25	15	15
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,455	745	710	15	5	10
Chinese languages	1,460	745	715	15	5	10
Cantonese	330	160	165	5	0	5
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	1,045	540	510	5	0	5
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	5	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	0	5	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	75	40	35	5	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	5	5	0	0	0
Lao	5	5	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	5	5	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	5	5	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	10	5	5	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	10	5	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	2,855	1,445	1,405	610	305	305
English and French	105	55	55	20	10	10
English and non-official language	2,680	1,355	1,325	585	290	295
French and non-official language	15	10	5	5	5	0
English, French and non-official language	50	30	25	5	5	5
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	111,840	55,500	56,340	35,690	18,205	17,490
None	102,980	51,095	51,880	17,430	8,995	8,435
English	4,275	2,205	2,065	9,555	4,885	4,670
French	880	390	490	240	130	110
Non-official language	3,585	1,745	1,835	8,425	4,175	4,250
Aboriginal	560	240	315	7,990	3,960	4,025
Non-Aboriginal	3,020	1,500	1,520	435	215	220
English and French	25	15	15	0	0	0
English and non-official language	65	35	35	20	15	10
French and non-official language	30	15	15	15	5	10
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	87,400	43,000	44,400	23,930	12,180	11,755
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	84,585	41,650	42,935	22,435	11,345	11,090
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	35,768	43,165	29,470	29,743	28,817	30,326
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	84,600	41,655	42,945	22,435	11,345	11,090
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	31,544	37,069	26,640	28,635	27,517	29,403
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	78,725	39,485	39,240	19,220	9,910	9,315
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	32,845	40,945	25,479	30,583	31,667	29,517
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	61,260	27,010	34,250	21,890	11,040	10,840
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	5,280	3,302	6,030	2,524	1,275	4,682
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	66,425	34,660	31,765	18,590	9,605	8,985
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	33,281	40,170	26,632	29,724	30,603	28,640
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	87,400	43,030	44,365	23,935	12,175	11,755
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	84,575	41,720	42,855	22,435	11,345	11,090
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	44,157	51,746	36,769	50,689	50,882	50,492
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	84,595	41,725	42,865	22,435	11,345	11,090
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	36,000	41,189	30,949	43,247	42,937	43,564
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	78,535	39,490	39,045	19,225	9,905	9,310
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	41,799	49,976	33,530	52,115	53,453	50,693
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	61,345	27,110	34,240	21,885	11,045	10,845
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,367	6,842	7,782	6,191	4,314	8,103
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	66,430	34,650	31,775	18,590	9,605	8,980
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	41,226	48,204	33,617	51,195	52,454	49,849
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	87,395	43,035	44,365	23,930	12,175	11,755
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	32,255	19,290	12,965	7,580	3,925	3,655
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	47,586	52,939	42,162	90,230	88,548	91,332
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	56,586	60,690	50,479	88,321	89,311	87,259
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	87.8	91.5	82.6	88.1	91.8	84.3
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	73.0	77.3	67.0	83.7	87.2	80.0
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	12.2	8.5	17.4	11.9	8.3	15.7
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	87,400	43,000	44,400	23,930	12,180	11,755
Without total income	2,815	1,350	1,465	1,495	830	665
With total income	84,585	41,650	42,935	22,435	11,345	11,095
Percentage with total income	96.8	96.9	96.7	93.8	93.1	94.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	9,935	4,110	5,820	5,320	3,165	2,155
$10,000 to $19,999	13,300	5,000	8,295	3,350	1,480	1,870
$20,000 to $29,999	12,500	4,785	7,710	2,610	1,135	1,475
$30,000 to $39,999	11,580	5,185	6,395	1,810	840	965
$40,000 to $49,999	10,550	5,405	5,145	1,190	575	610
$50,000 to $59,999	7,340	4,255	3,080	810	400	410
$60,000 to $69,999	5,650	3,635	2,015	730	375	360
$70,000 to $79,999	4,075	2,580	1,500	735	370	365
$80,000 to $89,999	3,045	1,905	1,140	820	440	380
$90,000 to $99,999	1,950	1,280	665	835	375	460
$100,000 and over	4,660	3,500	1,160	4,230	2,185	2,045
$100,000 to $149,999	3,420	2,540	880	3,215	1,570	1,645
$150,000 and over	1,240	955	275	1,010	615	400
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	87,400	43,000	44,400	23,930	12,180	11,755
Without after-tax income	2,805	1,350	1,455	1,495	835	665
With after-tax income	84,600	41,655	42,940	22,435	11,345	11,095
Percentage with after-tax income	96.8	96.9	96.7	93.8	93.1	94.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	10,335	4,220	6,110	5,335	3,165	2,170
$10,000 to $19,999	14,405	5,465	8,945	3,410	1,530	1,880
$20,000 to $29,999	15,235	6,025	9,210	2,825	1,250	1,570
$30,000 to $39,999	14,810	7,195	7,615	1,920	915	1,005
$40,000 to $49,999	10,850	6,225	4,625	1,270	605	665
$50,000 to $59,999	7,300	4,685	2,615	980	500	485
$60,000 to $69,999	5,005	3,115	1,890	1,015	505	510
$70,000 to $79,999	2,720	1,785	935	1,085	555	530
$80,000 and over	3,940	2,945	995	4,595	2,315	2,280
$80,000 to $89,999	1,455	1,050	400	1,095	500	590
$90,000 to $99,999	875	660	210	1,025	480	550
$100,000 and over	1,620	1,245	380	2,475	1,335	1,145
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	87,400	43,000	44,400	23,930	12,180	11,755
Without employment income	20,975	8,340	12,630	5,340	2,575	2,770
With employment income	66,425	34,665	31,770	18,590	9,600	8,985
Percentage with employment income	76.0	80.6	71.6	77.7	78.8	76.4
Under $5,000 (including loss)	8,605	3,975	4,630	3,930	1,925	2,000
$5,000 to $9,999	5,245	2,165	3,080	1,800	875	925
$10,000 to $19,999	8,700	3,680	5,025	2,150	1,135	1,015
$20,000 to $29,999	7,970	3,335	4,630	1,440	815	620
$30,000 to $39,999	8,500	4,095	4,405	1,025	580	445
$40,000 to $49,999	7,430	4,010	3,425	815	430	380
$50,000 to $59,999	5,165	3,150	2,020	710	350	360
$60,000 to $69,999	4,145	2,805	1,340	655	355	295
$70,000 to $79,999	3,195	2,065	1,130	680	360	320
$80,000 and over	7,475	5,390	2,090	5,390	2,775	2,615
$80,000 to $89,999	2,420	1,535	885	755	410	345
$90,000 to $99,999	1,530	1,045	490	805	345	460
$100,000 and over	3,520	2,810	715	3,830	2,020	1,810
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	45,740	...	...	9,820	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	66,316	...	...	97,441	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	57,336	...	...	85,605	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	13,280	...	...	1,855	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	34,388	...	...	72,960	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	30,475	...	...	61,184	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	32,460	...	...	7,965	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	83,588	...	...	102,778	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	71,345	...	...	91,402	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	45,740	...	...	9,815	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	81,649	...	...	115,823	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	66,580	...	...	98,818	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	13,230	...	...	1,855	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	43,128	...	...	79,545	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	35,320	...	...	65,262	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	32,510	...	...	7,965	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	97,323	...	...	124,267	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	79,300	...	...	106,628	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	45,740	...	...	9,820	...	...
Under $5,000	620	...	...	105	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	620	...	...	265	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	1,045	...	...	205	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,830	...	...	235	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,165	...	...	295	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,945	...	...	300	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,205	...	...	325	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,240	...	...	325	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,065	...	...	340	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,035	...	...	305	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,685	...	...	550	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,630	...	...	520	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,235	...	...	435	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,010	...	...	415	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,640	...	...	410	...	...
$100,000 and over	12,760	...	...	4,795	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,005	...	...	1,070	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,165	...	...	920	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	3,015	...	...	1,160	...	...
$200,000 and over	1,580	...	...	1,645	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	45,740	...	...	9,820	...	...
Under $5,000	685	...	...	100	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	640	...	...	270	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	1,075	...	...	210	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,955	...	...	240	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,480	...	...	300	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,325	...	...	325	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,710	...	...	330	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,655	...	...	350	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,420	...	...	340	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,420	...	...	355	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,660	...	...	615	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,210	...	...	590	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,765	...	...	560	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,080	...	...	575	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,535	...	...	565	...	...
$100,000 and over	8,105	...	...	4,100	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,195	...	...	1,200	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,085	...	...	835	...	...
$150,000 and over	1,820	...	...	2,070	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	31,210	...	...	7,705	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	82,676	...	...	99,421	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	70,634	...	...	88,747	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.9	...	...	4.3	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	14,120	...	...	1,005	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	77,240	...	...	162,304	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	66,067	...	...	136,265	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	12,335	...	...	4,640	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	103,406	...	...	110,476	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	87,364	...	...	98,481	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	4.0	...	...	5.2	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	3,980	...	...	1,700	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	45,077	...	...	53,760	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	41,999	...	...	52,070	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.8	...	...	3.3	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	31,235	...	...	7,705	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	96,676	...	...	121,531	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	78,636	...	...	104,373	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	14,110	...	...	1,005	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	91,000	...	...	162,943	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	73,696	...	...	134,556	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	12,345	...	...	4,635	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	118,245	...	...	132,126	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	95,095	...	...	113,780	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,005	...	...	1,700	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	53,643	...	...	72,190	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	47,454	...	...	64,121	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	17,350	8,655	8,695	2,705	1,580	1,130
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	33,421	38,076	29,389	61,995	50,048	78,080
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	29,687	33,024	26,814	54,496	45,227	66,918
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	17,270	8,540	8,725	2,705	1,585	1,130
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	41,404	46,294	36,616	74,013	68,372	81,933
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	34,122	36,846	31,455	61,196	56,528	67,748
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	108,215	53,770	54,445	35,580	18,135	17,440
In the bottom half of the distribution	60,470	29,010	31,460	19,105	9,740	9,360
In the bottom decile	11,310	5,390	5,920	5,315	2,730	2,590
In the second decile	11,890	5,235	6,655	4,460	2,250	2,210
In the third decile	12,450	6,005	6,445	3,725	1,915	1,815
In the fourth decile	12,395	6,115	6,285	2,865	1,470	1,395
In the fifth decile	12,420	6,265	6,155	2,725	1,380	1,355
In the top half of the distribution	47,745	24,755	22,985	16,475	8,390	8,085
In the sixth decile	11,675	6,035	5,645	2,285	1,195	1,085
In the seventh decile	11,435	5,965	5,470	2,420	1,250	1,175
In the eighth decile	10,350	5,310	5,035	2,555	1,290	1,260
In the ninth decile	8,470	4,430	4,040	3,180	1,635	1,550
In the top decile	5,815	3,015	2,800	6,035	3,020	3,015
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	105,685	52,505	53,190	0	0	0
0 to 17 years	23,715	12,190	11,525	0	0	0
0 to 5 years	8,225	4,310	3,910	0	0	0
18 to 64 years	64,120	32,050	32,075	0	0	0
65 years and over	17,850	8,265	9,585	0	0	0
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	15,260	6,965	8,290	0	0	0
0 to 17 years	4,680	2,375	2,305	0	0	0
0 to 5 years	1,795	915	875	0	0	0
18 to 64 years	7,810	3,575	4,230	0	0	0
65 years and over	2,770	1,015	1,755	0	0	0
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	14.4	13.3	15.6	...	...	...
0 to 17 years (%)	19.7	19.5	20.0	...	...	...
0 to 5 years (%)	21.8	21.2	22.4	...	...	...
18 to 64 years (%)	12.2	11.2	13.2	...	...	...
65 years and over (%)	15.5	12.3	18.3	...	...	...
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	6,575	3,140	3,435	0	0	0
0 to 17 years	1,915	960	960	0	0	0
0 to 5 years	740	360	380	0	0	0
18 to 64 years	4,325	2,025	2,300	0	0	0
65 years and over	330	155	175	0	0	0
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	6.2	6.0	6.5	...	...	...
0 to 17 years (%)	8.1	7.9	8.3	...	...	...
0 to 5 years (%)	9.0	8.4	9.7	...	...	...
18 to 64 years (%)	6.7	6.3	7.2	...	...	...
65 years and over (%)	1.8	1.9	1.8	...	...	...
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	108,215	53,770	54,445	35,580	18,135	17,445
Official languages	106,940	53,150	53,785	33,535	17,120	16,420
English	106,890	53,125	53,765	33,485	17,080	16,400
French	4,935	2,340	2,595	1,565	820	745
Non-official languages	16,270	8,110	8,160	28,440	14,375	14,065
Aboriginal languages	1,195	540	660	27,345	13,815	13,530
Algonquian languages	525	220	305	30	15	15
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	200	75	125	15	10	10
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	10	0	10	0	0	0
Plains Cree	15	0	15	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	50	25	25	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	130	50	80	15	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	10	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	335	155	185	10	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	320	145	170	10	10	0
Oji-Cree	15	0	15	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	10	10	10	10	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	10	0	0	10	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	27,320	13,805	13,520
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	1,135	525	615
Inuktitut	0	0	0	26,215	13,305	12,910
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	15	20
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	40	30	15	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	625	285	340	0	0	0
Dakota	625	290	335	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	15,085	7,575	7,510	1,235	625	605
Afro-Asiatic languages	525	305	215	120	80	40
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	50	30	20	25	15	0
Bilen	45	25	20	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	25	15	10
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	475	285	195	85	60	30
Amharic	275	170	105	20	20	0
Arabic	170	80	90	55	45	20
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	10	15	0	10	10	10
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	75	50	30	10	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	10	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	65	30	35	10	10	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	60	20	30	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	2,600	1,255	1,345	215	80	130
Bikol	0	0	0	10	0	0
Cebuano	235	120	115	0	0	0
Fijian	20	0	15	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	25	15	15	0	0	0
Ilocano	30	15	15	15	10	10
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	30	15	15	0	10	10
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	20	10	10	10	10	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	2,505	1,220	1,285	200	80	125
Waray-Waray	15	10	10	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	30	15	15	0	0	0
Creole languages	210	95	110	15	0	10
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	150	70	80	10	0	10
Creole languages, n.i.e.	65	30	30	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	130	90	35	20	10	10
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	60	40	15	0	0	0
Tamil	55	35	15	20	15	0
Telugu	15	10	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	9,205	4,655	4,555	565	290	275
Albanian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Armenian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	2,020	950	1,070	75	40	35
Baltic languages	15	10	15	0	0	0
Latvian	15	10	10	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	2,010	950	1,060	75	45	35
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	15	0	10	0	10	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Croatian	45	20	20	0	0	0
Czech	35	20	15	0	10	0
Macedonian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	160	80	85	25	15	10
Russian	570	275	290	35	15	20
Serbian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	10	10	10	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	1,410	665	750	10	0	10
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	70	40	35	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	20	10	10	0	0	0
Welsh	35	15	25	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	20	15	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	2,770	1,435	1,330	150	70	75
Afrikaans	220	95	130	15	10	10
Danish	20	10	15	15	0	0
Dutch	275	130	145	15	0	10
Frisian	10	0	0	0	0	0
German	2,205	1,170	1,030	105	50	55
Icelandic	25	0	15	0	0	0
Norwegian	25	15	10	10	0	0
Swedish	15	10	0	10	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	50	30	20	0	0	10
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	10	0	0	0	0
Greek	50	20	25	10	10	0
Indo-Iranian languages	1,330	740	585	100	55	45
Indo-Aryan languages	1,305	725	580	95	50	40
Bengali	35	30	10	30	15	15
Gujarati	650	355	300	10	0	0
Hindi	655	365	290	30	20	10
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	25	20	10	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	290	170	120	15	10	10
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	25	25	10	0	0	10
Urdu	185	90	100	35	20	15
Iranian languages	40	25	15	10	10	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	20	15	10	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	15	0	0	10	10	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	10	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	3,195	1,585	1,615	255	125	130
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	110	50	70	40	20	20
Portuguese	80	45	35	10	10	0
Romanian	40	20	20	10	0	0
Spanish	2,995	1,485	1,510	210	105	105
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	25	10	15	10	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	175	85	90	10	0	0
Mongolic languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	10	0	10	10	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	285	175	105	110	70	40
Akan (Twi)	25	25	0	10	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	35	25	10	10	0	10
Igbo	15	15	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	10	0	10	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	15	10	10	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	20	15	0
Swahili	45	25	15	20	15	10
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	140	75	60	15	10	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	60	40	20	50	35	20
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	180	60	115	135	60	75
American Sign Language	110	35	75	70	35	40
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	70	30	40	70	30	40
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,850	920	925	80	40	40
Chinese languages	1,850	920	930	75	40	40
Cantonese	400	185	210	25	10	15
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	1,390	695	695	30	10	15
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	35	20	10	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	20	10	15	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	185	100	85	30	15	10
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	10	0	10	10	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	10	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	30	20	15	0	0	10
Lao	10	10	0	0	0	0
Thai	25	15	10	0	0	10
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	20	10	10	10	0	10
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	10	0	0	10	10	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	15	10	10	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	35	0	25	20	10	10
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	20	0	10	10	10	0
Hungarian	20	0	15	10	10	10
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	15	10	0
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	108,220	53,770	54,445	35,580	18,140	17,440
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	99,590	49,490	50,110	35,285	17,990	17,290
Canadian citizens aged under 18	22,900	11,830	11,070	13,480	6,915	6,560
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	76,690	37,655	39,035	21,805	11,080	10,725
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	8,620	4,280	4,340	300	145	155
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	108,215	53,770	54,445	35,580	18,140	17,445
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	94,895	47,095	47,800	34,600	17,630	16,980
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	12,180	6,015	6,160	915	485	435
Before 1981	1,580	700	875	155	95	55
1981 to 1990	495	270	225	100	60	40
1991 to 2000	945	460	490	160	85	75
2001 to 2010	4,750	2,535	2,215	335	170	165
2001 to 2005	980	585	390	165	90	70
2006 to 2010	3,775	1,945	1,825	175	80	95
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	4,405	2,050	2,355	165	75	90
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	1,140	660	485	55	25	35
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	12,180	6,015	6,165	920	485	430
Under 5 years	1,220	600	620	100	50	55
5 to 14 years	2,525	1,215	1,310	160	95	65
15 to 24 years	1,925	910	1,010	165	85	75
25 to 44 years	5,690	2,855	2,835	435	225	215
45 years and over	820	435	385	55	35	25
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	12,175	6,015	6,160	920	485	430
Americas	2,865	1,340	1,520	160	75	85
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Colombia	440	240	200	0	0	0
El Salvador	920	485	435	0	0	0
Guyana	10	0	0	10	0	0
Haiti	10	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	40	15	25	25	10	15
Mexico	150	70	75	0	10	0
Peru	15	0	15	10	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	40	25	15	10	0	0
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	565	205	365	65	30	35
Other places of birth in Americas	680	300	380	45	25	25
Europe	3,330	1,680	1,645	195	120	70
Bosnia and Herzegovina	20	10	10	0	0	0
Croatia	10	0	0	0	0	0
France	45	15	30	10	0	10
Germany	555	340	215	25	15	10
Greece	15	15	0	0	0	0
Hungary	0	10	0	0	10	0
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	80	40	35	0	0	0
Italy	45	10	35	10	0	10
Netherlands	205	95	110	10	0	0
Poland	85	40	40	15	10	0
Portugal	15	10	10	0	10	0
Romania	35	15	20	10	0	0
Russian Federation	160	80	75	10	0	10
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	0	0	0	10	0	0
Ukraine	405	200	210	10	10	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	1,460	715	740	80	50	30
Other places of birth in Europe	190	95	95	30	15	10
Africa	1,000	580	425	190	110	80
Algeria	10	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	30	10	20	0	0	0
Ethiopia	190	120	70	20	10	10
Kenya	20	15	0	0	0	10
Morocco	0	0	0	10	10	0
Nigeria	145	80	65	30	10	15
Somalia	0	0	0	10	10	0
South Africa, Republic of	180	85	90	10	10	10
Other places of birth in Africa	435	255	180	105	60	40
Asia	4,960	2,405	2,560	370	175	195
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	20	15	10	25	10	10
China^{Census data footnote 59}	1,410	700	705	20	10	10
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	25	15	10	10	10	0
India	890	500	395	30	15	15
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	15	10	10	10	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	10	0	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	130	60	70	10	0	10
Lebanon	0	0	0	15	15	0
Pakistan	120	65	55	30	15	15
Philippines	2,095	915	1,180	185	75	110
Sri Lanka	30	15	15	10	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	10	10	0	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	30	15	15	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	190	95	100	35	15	20
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	25	15	15	10	10	10
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	4,405	2,050	2,355	165	75	90
Americas	790	325	465	35	15	15
Brazil	10	0	10	0	0	0
Colombia	80	40	40	0	0	0
Cuba	15	0	10	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	10
Jamaica	20	15	10	0	10	0
Mexico	35	10	20	0	0	0
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	55	0	45	15	0	10
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	590	250	340	10	10	0
Europe	315	140	170	10	0	10
France	0	0	0	10	0	0
Germany	15	10	10	0	0	0
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	25	10	15	0	0	0
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	15	10	10	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian Federation	30	15	10	0	0	0
Ukraine	135	70	65	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	60	20	40	10	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	25	15	15	10	0	0
Africa	425	240	180	45	25	20
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	10	0	10
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	10	10	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrea	40	20	20	0	0	0
Ethiopia	70	40	30	0	0	10
Morocco	0	0	0	0	10	0
Nigeria	115	70	50	10	10	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	70	40	30	0	10	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	120	70	55	0	0	0
Asia	2,875	1,340	1,535	75	30	45
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	10	10	10	10	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	420	210	210	0	0	0
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	10	0	10	0	0	0
India	575	320	250	10	0	0
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	10	0	0	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	50	10	40	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	35	15	20	0	0	0
Philippines	1,690	730	955	50	20	30
Saudi Arabia	10	10	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	25	15	10	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	0	0	0	0	0	10
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	45	20	30	0	0	0
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	10	0	10	10	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	10	0	0
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	108,220	53,770	54,445	35,580	18,135	17,440
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	13,795	6,915	6,880	1,025	530	495
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	12,270	5,980	6,290	925	480	445
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	82,155	40,875	41,280	33,630	17,125	16,500
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	10,675	5,350	5,330	770	390	380
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	8,840	4,485	4,355	430	210	220
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	3,195	2,430	765	230	115	115
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	5,645	2,055	3,590	195	90	110
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	1,450	625	820	235	115	120
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	380	240	135	105	65	35
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	15	0	15	0	0	0
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	108,215	53,770	54,445	35,580	18,140	17,445
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	12,750	6,070	6,680	30,555	15,415	15,140
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	12,555	5,975	6,575	30,495	15,385	15,105
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	7,255	3,370	3,885	190	90	100
Métis	5,260	2,590	2,670	165	85	75
Inuk (Inuit)	45	20	25	30,135	15,205	14,925
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	145	80	70	55	20	30
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	50	20	30	10	10	10
Non-Aboriginal identity	95,470	47,700	47,770	5,025	2,725	2,300
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	108,215	53,770	54,450	35,580	18,140	17,440
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	6,990	3,240	3,750	165	75	90
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	101,225	50,530	50,690	35,410	18,060	17,355
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	108,215	53,770	54,445	35,580	18,135	17,445
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	5,815	2,795	3,025	25,215	12,745	12,470
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	5,640	2,735	2,900	25,025	12,665	12,365
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	4,715	2,260	2,455	100	50	55
Métis single ancestry	910	475	445	40	15	25
Inuit single ancestry	10	0	10	24,890	12,600	12,290
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	175	55	125	190	85	110
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	175	60	120	0	10	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	165	70	95
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	10	15	10	10
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	7,325	3,510	3,815	5,205	2,595	2,610
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	6,865	3,340	3,520	4,985	2,495	2,495
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	2,850	1,330	1,525	255	140	120
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	3,975	1,995	1,985	65	40	25
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	35	20	15	4,665	2,315	2,355
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	460	170	290	215	100	115
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	450	165	280	10	10	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	160	75	85
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	10	0	10	55	25	25
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	95,075	47,465	47,605	5,160	2,795	2,365
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	108,215	53,770	54,445	35,580	18,135	17,440
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	10,885	5,600	5,285	905	450	460
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	1,550	870	685	115	60	55
Chinese	1,975	980	1,000	75	30	45
Black	1,250	720	530	330	180	150
Filipino	2,660	1,295	1,360	230	95	135
Latin American	2,460	1,225	1,235	40	20	20
Arab	125	65	60	40	30	10
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	200	100	105	30	10	15
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	30	20	10	10	0	10
Korean	220	115	105	10	10	10
Japanese	50	30	25	10	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	130	55	75	20	10	10
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	235	135	100	10	10	10
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	97,330	48,170	49,160	34,670	17,685	16,985
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	108,215	53,770	54,445	35,580	18,140	17,445
North American Aboriginal origins	13,140	6,305	6,835	30,420	15,340	15,075
First Nations (North American Indian)	8,190	3,810	4,375	690	345	350
Inuit	60	30	30	29,950	15,095	14,855
Métis	5,525	2,690	2,840	185	95	95
Other North American origins	27,765	13,715	14,050	1,815	960	860
Acadian	30	20	10	105	50	55
American	755	340	415	230	120	110
Canadian	27,250	13,490	13,755	1,305	685	630
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	10	10	0
Newfoundlander	15	15	0	125	70	50
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Ontarian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Québécois	10	0	0	50	40	15
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	0	0	0	0	0	0
European origins	79,260	39,105	40,155	8,315	4,345	3,975
British Isles origins	55,860	27,315	28,545	5,815	3,015	2,790
Channel Islander	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cornish	10	0	10	0	0	0
English	35,275	17,295	17,975	1,625	825	800
Irish	20,795	9,615	11,180	1,745	895	850
Manx	45	10	35	10	0	0
Scottish	29,365	13,965	15,405	3,265	1,695	1,575
Welsh	2,255	1,095	1,160	160	85	80
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	1,520	745	780	355	200	150
French origins	10,390	4,865	5,530	1,485	785	700
Alsatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	10	0	10
Corsican	0	0	0	0	0	0
French	10,390	4,865	5,525	1,475	780	695
Western European origins (except French origins)	22,845	11,290	11,555	975	470	505
Austrian	1,035	535	505	35	25	15
Bavarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belgian	3,455	1,700	1,755	30	20	15
Dutch	4,555	2,190	2,370	190	90	105
Flemish	145	75	65	0	0	0
Frisian	10	0	10	0	0	0
German	15,510	7,660	7,850	745	355	390
Luxembourger	20	10	10	0	0	0
Swiss	410	210	200	20	0	10
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	0	0	0	10	10	0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	7,300	3,455	3,840	675	335	340
Danish	1,075	545	540	290	145	150
Finnish	325	155	170	50	25	25
Icelandic	1,715	740	975	30	10	25
Norwegian	2,445	1,115	1,325	145	70	80
Swedish	2,320	1,175	1,145	115	65	55
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	240	110	130	85	45	40
Eastern European origins	21,160	10,500	10,660	515	260	255
Bulgarian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Byelorussian	35	10	25	0	0	0
Czech	300	170	130	15	0	10
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	150	65	85	0	0	0
Estonian	10	0	10	10	0	0
Hungarian	730	295	430	45	20	25
Latvian	105	65	35	10	0	10
Lithuanian	140	70	65	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	6,615	3,220	3,395	145	90	55
Romanian	480	205	275	20	10	15
Russian	3,065	1,500	1,565	100	60	40
Slovak	110	65	50	15	10	0
Ukrainian	13,970	6,995	6,980	190	90	100
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	50	25	25	30	15	15
Southern European origins	2,245	1,170	1,070	420	215	205
Albanian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Bosnian	35	20	20	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	105	60	45	10	10	0
Cypriot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	220	105	115	20	10	0
Italian	915	505	410	175	95	85
Kosovar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	10	10	10	0	0	0
Maltese	45	15	30	0	10	0
Montenegrin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	300	160	135	115	60	55
Serbian	20	10	10	0	0	10
Sicilian	15	15	0	0	0	0
Slovenian	20	10	10	0	0	0
Spanish	655	310	345	75	35	40
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	55	25	30	10	0	0
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	0	0	0	10	0	0
Other European origins	350	180	170	345	190	155
Basque	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jewish	125	80	45	30	20	15
Roma (Gypsy)	10	0	10	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	20	15	0	0	0	0
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	195	85	110	305	170	140
Caribbean origins	330	165	165	95	50	45
Antiguan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bahamian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Barbadian	30	25	10	10	10	0
Bermudan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carib	0	0	0	0	10	0
Cuban	55	20	35	0	0	0
Dominican	0	0	0	10	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	10	0	10	10	0	0
Jamaican	155	65	85	40	20	20
Kittitian/Nevisian	0	10	0	0	0	0
Martinican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montserratan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	0	0	0	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	40	20	15	10	10	0
Vincentian/Grenadinian	0	0	0	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	35	15	15	15	10	10
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	30	15	15	10	0	10
Latin, Central and South American origins	2,640	1,305	1,330	65	30	35
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	95	35	55	0	0	0
Arawak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Belizean	15	10	0	0	0	0
Bolivian	20	15	10	0	0	0
Brazilian	45	25	20	0	0	0
Chilean	40	15	25	10	0	0
Colombian	485	235	245	10	0	10
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	15	10	15	10	10	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guyanese	20	15	10	10	0	0
Hispanic	85	50	35	10	0	10
Honduran	415	195	220	0	0	0
Maya	55	30	30	0	0	0
Mexican	275	120	150	10	10	0
Nicaraguan	65	45	15	0	0	0
Panamanian	0	0	0	0	10	0
Paraguayan	0	0	10	0	0	0
Peruvian	15	0	10	0	0	0
Salvadorean	950	485	460	10	10	10
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Venezuelan	10	0	0	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	135	75	60	10	0	0
African origins	1,465	780	675	465	255	210
Central and West African origins	230	130	100	65	35	30
Akan	0	0	0	10	10	0
Angolan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ashanti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burkinabe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	15	10	10
Chadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gabonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	15	15	0	10	10	10
Guinean	0	0	10	0	0	0
Ibo	0	0	10	10	10	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Liberian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malinké	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	160	80	80	20	15	10
Peulh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sierra Leonean	0	0	0	0	10	0
Togolese	0	0	0	10	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	30	20	15	15	0	10
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	20	15	0	10	0	0
North African origins	90	45	45	30	15	10
Algerian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber	0	10	0	0	10	0
Coptic	10	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	30	10	20	15	0	10
Libyan	35	20	15	0	0	0
Maure	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moroccan	0	0	0	10	10	0
Sudanese	15	0	0	0	10	0
Tunisian	10	0	0	0	0	0
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins	770	410	365	80	60	25
Afrikaner	0	0	0	10	0	0
Amhara	25	15	10	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	0	0	0	10	0	10
Burundian	20	10	10	0	0	0
Djiboutian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	90	50	35	0	10	0
Ethiopian	275	175	100	30	15	10
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	25	15	15	0	10	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mauritian	115	60	60	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Seychellois	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	10	0	10	10	0	0
South African	150	60	95	10	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrian	0	10	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	65	40	30	0	0	0
Zambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	10	15	10	10
Zulu	0	0	0	0	0	10
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	0	0	0	0	0	10
Other African origins	375	200	170	285	145	140
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	25	15	10	50	25	25
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	360	195	160	240	120	120
Asian origins	7,445	3,850	3,590	615	280	335
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	400	235	170	100	60	40
Afghan	0	0	0	10	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	55	35	25	10	10	0
Armenian	90	60	30	10	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hazara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian	65	30	30	20	15	0
Iraqi	0	0	0	10	0	0
Israeli	15	15	0	0	0	0
Jordanian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	10
Kurd	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kuwaiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanese	65	25	40	40	20	15
Palestinian	30	25	0	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saudi Arabian	20	10	10	0	0	0
Syrian	30	20	15	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	10	0	0	0
Tatar	0	0	10	0	0	0
Turk	25	15	10	15	10	10
Turkmen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uighur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	10	10	0	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Asian origins	1,615	890	725	130	65	65
Bangladeshi	15	10	0	20	10	10
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bhutanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
East Indian	1,380	765	615	65	35	35
Goan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	25	15	10	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	10	0	0	0	0
Pakistani	140	65	75	15	10	0
Punjabi	55	30	25	10	0	0
Sinhalese	10	10	0	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	35	20	20	10	0	10
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	0	0	0	15	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins	5,430	2,710	2,725	385	155	225
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	10
Cambodian (Khmer)	10	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese	2,325	1,175	1,150	115	50	70
Filipino	2,760	1,340	1,415	245	100	145
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	25	10	15	10	0	0
Japanese	95	60	40	15	0	10
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	235	125	110	10	0	0
Laotian	20	10	10	0	0	0
Malaysian	15	0	10	10	0	0
Mongolian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	10	0	0	0
Thai	60	30	30	10	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	80	40	40	10	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other Asian origins	40	35	0	10	10	0
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	40	35	0	10	10	0
Oceania origins	155	75	75	15	0	0
Australian	70	40	30	10	0	0
New Zealander	30	20	15	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins	50	20	35	0	0	0
Fijian	15	0	20	0	0	10
Hawaiian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Maori	10	0	0	0	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Samoan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	25	15	10	0	0	0
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	45,740	...	...	9,820	...	...
Owner	32,570	...	...	1,960	...	...
Renter	12,385	...	...	7,860	...	...
Band housing	780	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	45,740	...	...	9,820	...	...
Condominium	2,850	...	...	265	...	...
Not condominium	42,890	...	...	9,555	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	45,740	...	...	9,820	...	...
No bedrooms	225	...	...	25	...	...
1 bedroom	3,880	...	...	1,365	...	...
2 bedrooms	12,205	...	...	3,835	...	...
3 bedrooms	16,260	...	...	3,100	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	13,170	...	...	1,495	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	45,740	...	...	9,820	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	10,060	...	...	4,865	...	...
5 rooms	7,410	...	...	2,515	...	...
6 rooms	7,185	...	...	1,435	...	...
7 rooms	6,705	...	...	625	...	...
8 or more rooms	14,380	...	...	380	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.5	...	...	4.6	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	45,740	...	...	9,820	...	...
One person or fewer per room	45,035	...	...	7,650	...	...
More than 1 person per room	705	...	...	2,170	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	45,740	...	...	9,815	...	...
Suitable	43,975	...	...	6,785	...	...
Not suitable	1,765	...	...	3,035	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	45,740	...	...	9,820	...	...
1960 or before	13,765	...	...	170	...	...
1961 to 1980	14,745	...	...	2,150	...	...
1981 to 1990	5,360	...	...	1,995	...	...
1991 to 2000	4,125	...	...	2,095	...	...
2001 to 2005	1,955	...	...	860	...	...
2006 to 2010	2,600	...	...	1,285	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	3,200	...	...	1,260	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	45,740	...	...	9,820	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	42,335	...	...	7,255	...	...
Major repairs needed	3,405	...	...	2,560	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	45,740	...	...	9,820	...	...
1 household maintainer	28,425	...	...	6,830	...	...
2 household maintainers	16,600	...	...	2,780	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	715	...	...	205	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	45,740	...	...	9,820	...	...
15 to 24 years	2,365	...	...	400	...	...
25 to 34 years	7,350	...	...	2,480	...	...
35 to 44 years	7,720	...	...	2,370	...	...
45 to 54 years	7,465	...	...	2,285	...	...
55 to 64 years	8,670	...	...	1,460	...	...
65 to 74 years	6,440	...	...	610	...	...
75 to 84 years	3,930	...	...	180	...	...
85 years and over	1,810	...	...	30	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	41,880	...	...	9,810	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	35,260	...	...	9,240	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	6,620	...	...	570	...	...
30% to less than 100%	5,890	...	...	465	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	29,710	...	...	1,955	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	56.0	...	...	60.2	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	9.9	...	...	7.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	792	...	...	1,497	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	953	...	...	1,700	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	229,982	...	...	300,924	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	249,789	...	...	352,070	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	12,235	...	...	7,860	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	20.0	...	...	83.5	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	30.3	...	...	5.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	751	...	...	281	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	788	...	...	736	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	87,400	43,030	44,370	23,935	12,175	11,755
No certificate, diploma or degree	19,140	10,670	8,475	12,140	6,175	5,960
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	27,265	13,985	13,280	3,615	1,825	1,785
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	40,995	18,385	22,610	8,175	4,170	4,010
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	8,245	5,720	2,520	1,840	1,450	385
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	3,880	2,180	1,700	1,140	835	305
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	4,365	3,540	825	695	615	80
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	17,540	6,510	11,035	3,580	1,530	2,050
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,705	1,125	1,575	215	95	125
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	12,505	5,025	7,480	2,545	1,095	1,445
Bachelor's degree	9,235	3,480	5,755	1,680	710	970
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,010	345	665	90	45	45
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	415	285	130	25	10	15
Master's degree	1,465	660	805	700	305	395
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	380	255	125	50	25	20
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	56,410	28,025	28,385	16,485	8,395	8,090
No certificate, diploma or degree	7,905	4,860	3,040	6,750	3,435	3,315
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	17,605	9,370	8,235	2,405	1,265	1,140
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	30,900	13,790	17,110	7,325	3,690	3,635
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	5,725	4,030	1,695	1,595	1,255	335
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	2,625	1,460	1,165	995	725	265
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	3,095	2,570	525	600	530	70
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	13,405	5,090	8,315	3,185	1,345	1,840
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,785	805	975	200	85	115
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	9,995	3,870	6,125	2,355	1,005	1,345
Bachelor's degree	7,475	2,790	4,685	1,545	645	895
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	740	245	495	75	40	40
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	335	200	130	25	10	15
Master's degree	1,180	470	710	665	295	375
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	270	165	105	45	25	20
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	87,400	43,030	44,365	23,930	12,180	11,755
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	46,405	24,650	21,760	15,755	8,005	7,745
Education	4,515	1,125	3,385	1,005	290	715
13. Education	4,510	1,120	3,390	1,010	295	715
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	785	350	430	195	110	85
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	170	125	40	35	25	0
50. Visual and performing arts	615	225	385	160	85	75
Humanities	1,520	670	850	370	155	210
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	55	20	40	105	15	85
23. English language and literature/letters	200	60	140	60	15	45
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	450	125	320	75	35	40
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	0	0	10	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	120	70	50	25	15	10
39. Theology and religious vocations	380	235	145	40	30	10
54. History	280	165	120	60	40	25
55. French language and literature/letters	30	0	30	10	10	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,755	715	2,045	1,010	320	690
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	70	10	60	180	45	135
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	120	50	75	50	25	25
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	905	40	865	310	20	290
22. Legal professions and studies	375	95	285	130	60	70
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	65	25	40	25	0	25
42. Psychology	505	115	390	60	25	35
45. Social sciences	710	375	335	250	140	110
Business, management and public administration	6,920	1,970	4,950	1,655	555	1,105
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	10	10	10	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	570	135	445	210	55	155
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	6,335	1,835	4,505	1,445	500	950
Physical and life sciences and technologies	990	515	475	210	110	100
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	390	190	200	70	30	35
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	200	105	100	70	35	40
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	20	0	15	10	0	0
40. Physical sciences	275	190	90	30	15	15
41. Science technologies/technicians	100	20	75	40	30	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	745	450	300	175	105	70
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	555	380	175	140	90	50
25. Library science	70	0	65	10	10	10
27. Mathematics and statistics	110	55	55	20	10	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	10	0	10	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	8,460	7,975	490	1,620	1,475	145
04. Architecture and related services	130	60	75	45	30	15
14. Engineering	615	505	115	105	90	15
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	1,280	1,150	130	310	255	50
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	2,350	2,295	50	715	680	40
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	3,190	3,105	80	365	350	15
48. Precision production	895	860	35	75	75	10
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	2,530	1,890	645	215	155	60
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	2,220	1,705	515	15	10	10
03. Natural resources and conservation	315	185	130	195	150	50
Health and related fields	8,725	1,310	7,410	750	195	560
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	330	155	180	110	65	40
51. Health professions and related programs	8,305	1,090	7,220	645	125	520
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	80	65	20	0	0	10
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,040	1,415	1,620	980	710	270
12. Personal and culinary services	1,930	430	1,495	315	110	205
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	30	25	10	0	10	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	25	20	0	0	10	0
43. Security and protective services	595	495	90	160	130	30
49. Transportation and materials moving	465	445	20	505	465	40
Other	0	0	10	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	0	0	0	10	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	56,415	28,030	28,380	16,480	8,395	8,090
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	25,510	14,235	11,275	9,155	4,700	4,455
Education	2,875	755	2,120	905	260	650
13. Education	2,875	755	2,120	905	260	650
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	570	255	310	170	95	75
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	130	90	40	30	25	10
50. Visual and performing arts	440	170	270	140	75	70
Humanities	1,080	470	610	320	130	190
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	50	20	30	95	15	75
23. English language and literature/letters	150	45	105	60	15	45
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	330	90	240	60	30	40
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	0	0	10	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	85	45	40	20	10	10
39. Theology and religious vocations	255	150	100	30	25	10
54. History	200	120	80	45	35	20
55. French language and literature/letters	15	0	15	0	10	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,345	610	1,730	900	280	615
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	65	10	55	140	40	100
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	100	40	60	50	25	25
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	800	35	765	280	20	265
22. Legal professions and studies	325	85	245	120	55	65
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	55	30	35	25	10	20
42. Psychology	385	90	295	55	15	35
45. Social sciences	610	335	280	230	125	105
Business, management and public administration	5,505	1,600	3,905	1,510	495	1,015
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	0	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	455	85	370	190	50	140
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	5,045	1,515	3,530	1,325	450	875
Physical and life sciences and technologies	735	380	355	185	95	90
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	320	145	175	65	30	30
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	125	70	55	65	25	35
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	15	10	15	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	215	135	80	30	15	15
41. Science technologies/technicians	60	15	40	30	25	10
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	665	405	255	160	95	65
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	505	350	155	135	85	50
25. Library science	60	10	55	10	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	85	40	45	20	10	10
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	0	10	0	10	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	6,225	5,825	400	1,410	1,285	125
04. Architecture and related services	115	55	60	45	25	15
14. Engineering	505	415	95	100	80	15
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	945	840	110	275	230	45
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	1,720	1,675	40	635	595	35
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,320	2,240	80	305	290	10
48. Precision production	625	600	20	60	60	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,945	1,375	570	190	140	55
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	1,650	1,210	440	15	10	10
03. Natural resources and conservation	290	165	130	175	135	45
Health and related fields	6,630	990	5,640	690	180	510
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	265	130	135	100	65	35
51. Health professions and related programs	6,300	825	5,480	590	115	480
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	60	40	20	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,320	1,120	1,205	865	625	245
12. Personal and culinary services	1,440	340	1,105	280	100	185
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	25	25	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	15	10	0	0	10	0
43. Security and protective services	470	395	75	140	115	30
49. Transportation and materials moving	365	345	20	445	410	35
Other	10	0	0	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	10	0	0	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	87,395	43,035	44,365	23,930	12,175	11,755
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	46,405	24,650	21,755	15,755	8,005	7,745
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	40,995	18,385	22,610	8,175	4,170	4,010
Location of study inside Canada	36,200	15,930	20,270	7,645	3,900	3,745
Same as province or territory of residence	30,415	13,005	17,405	3,330	1,485	1,850
Different than province or territory of residence	5,780	2,920	2,860	4,310	2,415	1,895
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	4,795	2,455	2,340	535	270	265
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	880	450	430	120	60	55
Philippines	1,075	505	575	135	45	85
India	515	260	255	20	10	10
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	480	255	225	70	40	30
China^{Census data footnote 162}	250	140	110	10	0	0
France	10	0	10	10	0	0
Other	1,590	850	735	180	105	75
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	56,410	28,030	28,380	16,480	8,395	8,090
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	25,510	14,235	11,275	9,155	4,700	4,455
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	30,905	13,790	17,110	7,325	3,690	3,635
Location of study inside Canada	26,765	11,680	15,085	6,840	3,445	3,390
Same as province or territory of residence	22,355	9,475	12,880	2,975	1,290	1,680
Different than province or territory of residence	4,410	2,205	2,205	3,860	2,150	1,710
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	4,140	2,110	2,020	490	245	240
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	640	310	325	105	55	45
Philippines	1,025	490	535	120	40	80
India	480	235	245	20	10	10
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	320	175	150	60	35	25
China^{Census data footnote 162}	230	130	100	10	0	0
France	10	0	10	0	0	0
Other	1,435	770	665	170	95	75
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	87,400	43,030	44,365	23,935	12,180	11,755
In the labour force	60,355	31,865	28,495	16,340	8,515	7,820
Employed	56,525	29,800	26,730	12,820	6,430	6,395
Unemployed	3,835	2,070	1,770	3,515	2,090	1,425
Not in the labour force	27,045	11,170	15,870	7,590	3,660	3,935
Participation rate	69.1	74.1	64.2	68.3	69.9	66.5
Employment rate	64.7	69.3	60.3	53.6	52.8	54.4
Unemployment rate	6.4	6.5	6.2	21.5	24.5	18.2
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	87,400	43,030	44,365	23,935	12,175	11,755
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	23,950	9,725	14,220	7,420	3,600	3,815
Worked	63,450	33,305	30,145	16,515	8,575	7,935
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	33,065	19,685	13,380	7,760	4,035	3,720
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	30,380	13,620	16,765	8,755	4,540	4,215
Average weeks worked in reference year	43.0	43.9	42.0	38.0	37.6	38.4
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	60,360	31,865	28,495	16,335	8,520	7,825
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	850	350	495	1,385	740	650
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	59,515	31,510	28,005	14,955	7,780	7,170
Employee	51,250	26,090	25,155	14,505	7,485	7,020
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	8,265	5,420	2,845	445	295	150
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	60,360	31,860	28,495	16,340	8,515	7,825
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	850	355	495	1,390	735	650
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	59,515	31,510	28,000	14,955	7,780	7,170
0 Management occupations	7,855	5,395	2,455	1,400	850	550
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	7,235	1,690	5,540	2,205	610	1,590
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	1,990	1,490	500	455	355	100
3 Health occupations	5,030	730	4,290	450	65	385
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	7,360	2,475	4,885	3,310	1,045	2,265
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	790	260	535	570	285	285
6 Sales and service occupations	12,615	4,980	7,635	3,505	1,690	1,815
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	9,440	9,025	415	2,565	2,435	130
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	3,400	2,655	740	300	275	15
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	3,800	2,800	995	205	165	45
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	60,360	31,865	28,495	16,340	8,515	7,820
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	850	350	495	1,385	735	650
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	59,510	31,510	28,005	14,955	7,780	7,175
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	6,425	4,785	1,645	155	145	15
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	1,145	1,000	150	595	440	160
22 Utilities	535	435	100	285	240	40
23 Construction	4,245	3,760	480	930	815	115
31-33 Manufacturing	5,135	3,705	1,435	150	100	50
41 Wholesale trade	1,955	1,505	445	105	80	25
44-45 Retail trade	6,650	3,180	3,470	1,720	835	885
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,180	1,810	365	795	625	175
51 Information and cultural industries	710	350	360	195	110	85
52 Finance and insurance	1,720	585	1,130	115	30	75
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	550	300	255	495	335	165
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	1,660	695	965	290	155	135
55 Management of companies and enterprises	15	0	15	10	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,585	875	705	385	245	135
61 Educational services	4,415	1,230	3,190	1,840	520	1,315
62 Health care and social assistance	8,855	1,235	7,615	1,245	220	1,030
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,020	560	465	285	175	110
72 Accommodation and food services	3,885	1,435	2,455	565	220	345
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,470	1,295	1,175	460	255	205
91 Public administration	4,350	2,765	1,590	4,345	2,240	2,105
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	56,525	29,795	26,730	12,820	6,425	6,395
Worked at home	6,460	3,950	2,510	385	215	170
Worked outside Canada	80	50	30	10	0	0
No fixed workplace address	6,355	4,955	1,395	945	815	135
Worked at usual place	43,630	20,840	22,790	11,485	5,395	6,090
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	43,630	20,840	22,790	11,485	5,395	6,090
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	29,545	13,630	15,915	11,050	5,110	5,940
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	9,375	4,620	4,750	350	235	120
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	4,100	2,190	1,910	30	20	10
Commute to a different province or territory	605	390	215	50	35	20
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	49,985	25,795	24,185	12,430	6,210	6,225
Car, truck, van - as a driver	41,020	21,775	19,235	3,605	2,135	1,470
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	3,210	1,430	1,785	2,225	1,045	1,175
Public transit	1,225	550	680	105	50	50
Walked	3,625	1,470	2,150	5,495	2,395	3,100
Bicycle	425	305	115	20	15	10
Other method	485	265	220	995	565	430
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	49,985	25,795	24,185	12,430	6,210	6,225
Less than 15 minutes	28,000	13,550	14,450	10,585	5,255	5,330
15 to 29 minutes	13,180	6,920	6,265	1,330	625	705
30 to 44 minutes	5,280	3,010	2,265	145	60	80
45 to 59 minutes	1,760	1,050	705	60	45	20
60 minutes and over	1,765	1,265	495	315	230	85
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	49,985	25,800	24,185	12,430	6,210	6,220
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	2,625	1,920	705	135	110	25
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	7,980	4,860	3,120	580	425	160
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	15,575	9,325	6,250	2,060	1,365	690
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	12,160	4,445	7,715	6,595	2,860	3,735
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	4,010	1,530	2,480	1,545	765	780
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	7,630	3,720	3,910	1,510	685	830
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	65,195	34,055	31,140	17,000	8,780	8,215
Single responses	64,710	33,780	30,930	16,715	8,635	8,080
Official languages	64,360	33,615	30,745	12,215	6,465	5,745
English	64,210	33,590	30,620	12,145	6,430	5,710
French	150	25	125	70	40	35
Non-official languages	350	165	185	4,500	2,170	2,330
Aboriginal languages	10	0	10	4,475	2,155	2,320
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	0	10	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	4,475	2,160	2,320
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	25	10	20
Inuktitut	0	0	0	4,450	2,155	2,300
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	10	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	340	165	175	15	0	10
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	10	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	30	20	15	10	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	30	15	15	0	0	10
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	175	85	95	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	10	0	10	0	0	0
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	15	10	10	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	10	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	0	10	10	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	10	10	0	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	10	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	10	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	0	10	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	145	70	75	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	10	0	0	0	10	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	130	55	70	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	10	0	10	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	10	10
American Sign Language	0	0	10	0	0	10
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	10	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	115	60	55	0	0	0
Chinese languages	115	65	55	0	0	0
Cantonese	50	25	30	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	50	35	15	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	10	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	485	270	210	285	145	140
English and French	115	60	50	15	10	10
English and non-official language	370	210	160	270	135	135
French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	65,195	34,050	31,145	17,000	8,780	8,220
None	62,830	32,740	30,085	7,360	4,060	3,295
English	255	75	180	3,665	1,705	1,960
French	565	355	210	355	210	140
Non-official language	1,515	860	650	5,560	2,770	2,785
Aboriginal	150	65	80	5,520	2,760	2,765
Non-Aboriginal	1,365	795	575	40	10	25
English and French	0	0	0	10	10	0
English and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language	30	20	15	55	25	30
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	106,750	52,940	53,815	34,880	17,750	17,125
Non-movers	92,445	46,020	46,430	29,485	15,105	14,375
Movers	14,305	6,920	7,385	5,400	2,640	2,750
Non-migrants	8,035	4,040	3,990	3,560	1,760	1,800
Migrants	6,275	2,875	3,395	1,835	885	955
Internal migrants	5,330	2,465	2,865	1,785	865	925
Intraprovincial migrants	3,965	1,805	2,160	795	380	415
Interprovincial migrants	1,365	655	710	990	480	510
External migrants	940	415	525	50	20	30
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	101,090	49,990	51,095	31,435	16,015	15,420
Non-movers	61,345	30,500	30,845	18,455	9,575	8,880
Movers	39,745	19,495	20,250	12,975	6,440	6,535
Non-migrants	19,090	9,615	9,470	8,745	4,355	4,395
Migrants	20,655	9,880	10,780	4,235	2,085	2,150
Internal migrants	16,290	7,780	8,505	4,045	2,005	2,040
Intraprovincial migrants	12,070	5,530	6,540	1,510	755	755
Interprovincial migrants	4,220	2,250	1,970	2,535	1,250	1,285
External migrants	4,370	2,100	2,275	185	80	105

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Southwest [Economic region], Manitoba and Nunavut [Territory] (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 18, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Southwest [Economic region], Manitoba and Nunavut [Territory]

Census Profile, 2016 Census Southwest [Economic region], Manitoba and Nunavut [Territory]

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Southwest [Economic region], Manitoba and Nunavut [Territory]