Census Profile, 2016 Census
Winnipeg [Economic region], Manitoba and Ontario [Province]

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Winnipeg Manitoba [Economic region]			Ontario [Province]
	Data quality , Winnipeg [Economic region], Manitoba Map : Winnipeg [Economic region], Manitoba Change geography 1			Data quality : Ontario [Province] Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	708,823	...	...	13,448,494	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	666,832	...	...	12,851,821	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	6.3	...	...	4.6	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	295,343	...	...	5,598,391	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	282,116	...	...	5,169,174	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	1,240.1	...	...	14.8	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	571.60	...	...	908,699.33	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	708,825	346,405	362,415	13,448,495	6,559,390	6,889,105
0 to 14 years	119,360	61,300	58,060	2,207,970	1,131,615	1,076,350
0 to 4 years	39,340	20,325	19,015	697,360	357,300	340,055
5 to 9 years	40,415	20,550	19,870	756,085	387,320	368,765
10 to 14 years	39,605	20,425	19,180	754,530	387,000	367,530
15 to 64 years	478,695	237,685	241,010	8,988,865	4,412,115	4,576,750
15 to 19 years	43,385	22,460	20,930	811,670	416,730	394,945
20 to 24 years	50,860	25,990	24,870	894,390	457,815	436,570
25 to 29 years	52,410	26,270	26,140	874,350	436,345	438,010
30 to 34 years	51,320	25,400	25,925	864,765	420,800	443,965
35 to 39 years	48,180	23,590	24,600	842,485	402,900	439,585
40 to 44 years	45,990	22,710	23,285	871,875	418,465	453,415
45 to 49 years	45,530	22,375	23,150	937,385	453,105	484,275
50 to 54 years	50,450	24,905	25,550	1,056,345	517,170	539,175
55 to 59 years	48,275	23,770	24,500	989,460	482,280	507,180
60 to 64 years	42,295	20,225	22,075	846,145	406,505	439,640
65 years and over	110,765	47,425	63,345	2,251,655	1,015,655	1,236,000
65 to 69 years	35,695	16,635	19,060	737,745	352,475	385,270
70 to 74 years	24,845	11,390	13,460	528,645	250,455	278,185
75 to 79 years	18,295	7,905	10,395	393,010	179,810	213,195
80 to 84 years	14,660	5,990	8,665	291,185	126,825	164,360
85 years and over	17,270	5,500	11,770	301,075	106,090	194,985
85 to 89 years	10,270	3,645	6,625	188,470	73,045	115,425
90 to 94 years	5,325	1,515	3,805	88,390	27,400	60,990
95 to 99 years	1,435	300	1,135	21,210	5,150	16,060
100 years and over	245	30	210	3,005	495	2,520
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16.8	17.7	16.0	16.4	17.3	15.6
15 to 64 years	67.5	68.6	66.5	66.8	67.3	66.4
65 years and over	15.6	13.7	17.5	16.7	15.5	17.9
85 years and over	2.4	1.6	3.2	2.2	1.6	2.8
Average age of the population	39.9	38.6	41.1	41.0	40.0	41.9
Median age of the population	38.8	37.4	40.1	41.3	40.2	42.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	282,115	...	...	5,169,175	...	...
Single-detached house	167,990	...	...	2,807,380	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	36,735	...	...	886,705	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	76,765	...	...	1,460,200	...	...
Semi-detached house	10,585	...	...	289,975	...	...
Row house	10,055	...	...	460,425	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	5,095	...	...	176,080	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	50,695	...	...	522,810	...	...
Other single-attached house	325	...	...	10,910	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	630	...	...	14,890	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	282,115	...	...	5,169,170	...	...
1 person	84,710	...	...	1,341,300	...	...
2 persons	90,445	...	...	1,693,525	...	...
3 persons	42,775	...	...	834,260	...	...
4 persons	38,580	...	...	796,320	...	...
5 or more persons	25,610	...	...	503,775	...	...
Number of persons in private households	693,030	...	...	13,242,160	...	...
Average household size	2.5	...	...	2.6	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	589,465	285,105	304,360	11,240,525	5,427,775	5,812,750
Married or living common law	319,770	159,895	159,875	6,438,085	3,219,290	3,218,795
Married	270,525	135,280	135,245	5,531,930	2,764,275	2,767,655
Living common law	49,245	24,615	24,630	906,155	455,015	451,145
Not married and not living common law	269,695	125,210	144,485	4,802,440	2,208,485	2,593,955
Never married	183,865	97,845	86,020	3,182,785	1,689,180	1,493,605
Separated	15,265	6,520	8,740	328,675	138,140	190,535
Divorced	35,920	13,835	22,085	653,835	252,900	400,935
Widowed	34,650	7,010	27,635	637,150	128,265	508,880
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	190,360	...	...	3,782,540	...	...
2 persons	92,580	...	...	1,815,000	...	...
3 persons	42,445	...	...	844,545	...	...
4 persons	37,910	...	...	792,435	...	...
5 or more persons	17,425	...	...	330,560	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	190,360	...	...	3,782,545	...	...
Total couple families	155,195	...	...	3,137,570	...	...
Married couples	130,575	...	...	2,684,735	...	...
Common-law couples	24,615	...	...	452,840	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	35,170	...	...	644,975	...	...
Female parent	28,020	...	...	518,480	...	...
Male parent	7,150	...	...	126,495	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	155,190	...	...	3,137,565	...	...
Couples without children	71,190	...	...	1,428,575	...	...
Couples with children	84,000	...	...	1,708,995	...	...
1 child	32,900	...	...	658,305	...	...
2 children	35,070	...	...	738,710	...	...
3 or more children	16,035	...	...	311,975	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	35,170	...	...	644,975	...	...
1 child	21,390	...	...	386,425	...	...
2 children	9,545	...	...	186,240	...	...
3 or more children	4,230	...	...	72,310	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	135,090	64,780	70,310	2,139,825	990,525	1,149,300
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	282,115	...	...	5,169,175	...	...
One-census-family households	177,610	...	...	3,481,885	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	67,100	...	...	1,311,575	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	110,505	...	...	2,170,315	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	6,180	...	...	145,615	...	...
Non-census-family households	98,320	...	...	1,541,665	...	...
One-person households	84,710	...	...	1,341,305	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	13,615	...	...	200,365	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	699,295	342,465	356,825	13,312,865	6,503,875	6,808,990
English only	616,790	305,830	310,960	11,455,500	5,689,830	5,765,665
French only	980	440	540	40,040	17,340	22,705
English and French	70,490	31,460	39,025	1,490,390	665,850	824,540
Neither English nor French	11,040	4,735	6,300	326,935	130,850	196,085
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	699,295	342,465	356,825	13,312,865	6,503,880	6,808,995
English	663,455	326,205	337,250	12,394,325	6,095,970	6,298,355
French	22,225	10,265	11,960	504,130	236,875	267,250
English and French	2,875	1,420	1,450	92,940	42,910	50,030
Neither English nor French	10,740	4,580	6,165	321,480	128,125	193,355
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	23,660	10,975	12,685	550,600	258,330	292,270
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	3.4	3.2	3.6	4.1	4.0	4.3
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	699,295	342,465	356,830	13,312,870	6,503,875	6,808,990
Single responses	676,590	331,480	345,110	12,946,960	6,327,630	6,619,330
Official languages	497,010	245,450	251,560	9,393,040	4,637,520	4,755,520
English	474,545	235,105	239,440	8,902,320	4,406,210	4,496,110
French	22,465	10,350	12,120	490,715	231,310	259,410
Non-official languages	179,580	86,025	93,555	3,553,920	1,690,110	1,863,810
Aboriginal languages	3,585	1,395	2,190	22,765	10,815	11,950
Algonquian languages	3,425	1,335	2,085	21,235	10,175	11,060
Blackfoot	0	0	0	10	5	5
Cree-Montagnais languages	1,120	420	700	5,080	2,485	2,595
Atikamekw	0	0	0	5	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	5	5	5	5
Moose Cree	5	0	5	85	40	45
Naskapi	0	0	0	10	5	5
Northern East Cree	10	5	10	55	25	30
Plains Cree	45	15	25	35	5	30
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	5	0	0
Swampy Cree	325	125	200	355	135	225
Woods Cree	30	10	20	15	10	5
Cree, n.o.s.	705	265	445	4,500	2,255	2,245
Eastern Algonquian languages	10	5	5	90	40	50
Malecite	0	0	0	10	5	0
Mi'kmaq	5	5	5	85	35	50
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	2,290	910	1,380	16,025	7,620	8,400
Algonquin	5	0	0	65	30	35
Ojibway	1,595	635	960	9,505	4,515	4,985
Oji-Cree	695	280	415	6,310	3,015	3,300
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	145	65	80
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	20	10
Athabaskan languages	45	10	35	60	20	40
Northern Athabaskan languages	45	10	35	55	20	35
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	5	0	5
Chilcotin	0	0	0	5	0	5
Dene	45	10	30	20	10	10
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	5	5	5
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	10	0	5
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	5	5	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	5
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	5
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	5
Haida	0	0	0	0	5	0
Inuit languages	50	15	35	475	165	305
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	5	5	5
Inuktitut	40	10	25	425	145	280
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	45	20	25
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	710	300	410
Cayuga	0	0	0	40	20	20
Mohawk	0	0	0	590	255	335
Oneida	0	0	0	55	15	40
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	5	15
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	25	10	10	25	15	15
Salish languages	0	0	0	5	0	5
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	35	15	25	10	5	5
Dakota	30	10	20	5	5	5
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	5	5	5	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	5
Nisga'a	0	0	0	5	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	5	0
Wakashan languages	5	0	0	0	0	5
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	5	5	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	10	10	0	235	130	105
Non-Aboriginal languages	175,995	84,635	91,360	3,531,160	1,679,300	1,851,865
Afro-Asiatic languages	9,850	5,095	4,755	253,830	127,720	126,110
Berber languages	35	25	15	725	405	320
Kabyle	30	15	10	425	225	200
Berber languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	305	180	120
Cushitic languages	1,690	835	855	24,605	10,730	13,870
Bilen	125	70	55	250	140	110
Oromo	335	165	165	1,445	720	730
Somali	1,225	595	625	22,680	9,755	12,925
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	225	115	110
Semitic languages	8,065	4,200	3,865	227,985	116,320	111,665
Amharic	1,520	745	775	10,720	4,960	5,760
Arabic	4,280	2,275	2,005	171,370	88,400	82,965
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	5	0	0	14,555	7,135	7,420
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	5	0	0	4,795	2,365	2,425
Harari	0	0	0	1,030	485	545
Hebrew	520	300	220	11,575	6,220	5,350
Maltese	30	10	20	5,175	2,575	2,600
Tigrigna	1,700	860	840	7,345	3,470	3,870
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	1,435	705	730
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	55	30	25	520	265	250
Austro-Asiatic languages	3,985	1,875	2,110	78,125	35,880	42,240
Khmer (Cambodian)	265	125	140	7,355	3,330	4,020
Vietnamese	3,720	1,750	1,970	70,690	32,520	38,165
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	85	30	50
Austronesian languages	48,225	22,375	25,850	194,380	76,060	118,315
Bikol	155	70	90	595	260	330
Cebuano	930	420	505	6,545	2,500	4,045
Fijian	10	5	5	80	45	40
Hiligaynon	360	155	205	2,750	1,030	1,725
Ilocano	1,265	590	680	11,285	4,430	6,860
Malagasy	0	0	0	100	45	55
Malay	150	60	85	5,760	2,520	3,240
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	595	290	305	1,505	670	840
Pangasinan	130	60	65	535	215	315
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	44,460	20,640	23,815	163,415	63,665	99,755
Waray-Waray	45	25	20	405	140	270
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	130	65	70	1,400	550	850
Creole languages	435	200	235	11,255	5,095	6,165
Haitian Creole	15	10	5	630	290	340
Creole, n.o.s.	180	90	95	8,025	3,580	4,440
Creole languages, n.i.e.	235	105	135	2,605	1,225	1,380
Dravidian languages	1,165	610	555	148,605	73,530	75,075
Kannada	85	50	35	2,670	1,365	1,305
Malayalam	520	265	250	17,140	8,795	8,350
Tamil	410	210	200	117,630	57,310	60,320
Telugu	150	85	65	10,820	5,895	4,925
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	340	165	175
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	525	250	270
Indo-European languages	85,240	41,240	44,000	2,024,365	980,200	1,044,165
Albanian	305	155	150	19,045	9,535	9,510
Armenian	60	35	30	15,070	7,305	7,765
Balto-Slavic languages	22,050	9,865	12,190	410,725	188,695	222,025
Baltic languages	110	45	60	9,080	3,785	5,295
Latvian	50	20	30	3,910	1,650	2,260
Lithuanian	65	30	40	5,175	2,135	3,035
Slavic languages	21,940	9,815	12,125	401,645	184,915	216,730
Belarusan	35	15	20	515	230	280
Bosnian	555	280	275	6,370	3,125	3,245
Bulgarian	125	60	65	9,095	4,355	4,740
Croatian	835	390	445	31,875	15,460	16,410
Czech	425	205	220	10,670	4,930	5,740
Macedonian	135	65	70	15,635	7,470	8,165
Polish	4,985	2,210	2,780	121,075	54,675	66,405
Russian	5,520	2,665	2,855	101,100	45,630	55,470
Serbian	610	310	295	41,740	20,585	21,150
Serbo-Croatian	230	110	120	4,875	2,310	2,570
Slovak	300	120	180	10,280	4,710	5,565
Slovene (Slovenian)	220	95	125	6,740	2,995	3,745
Ukrainian	7,900	3,255	4,645	40,375	17,760	22,610
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	60	35	30	1,310	670	635
Celtic languages	50	30	20	1,110	505	605
Scottish Gaelic	25	15	10	450	210	240
Welsh	15	5	10	435	180	260
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	225	120	110
Germanic languages	15,965	7,105	8,865	200,640	94,475	106,165
Afrikaans	150	80	75	2,295	1,125	1,170
Danish	160	75	90	4,265	2,010	2,250
Dutch	1,230	590	635	51,720	24,875	26,840
Frisian	20	10	10	1,240	630	620
German	13,665	6,025	7,645	131,525	61,520	70,005
Icelandic	140	50	95	210	100	110
Norwegian	50	25	30	940	405	540
Swedish	95	40	55	2,395	1,040	1,350
Vlaams (Flemish)	100	40	60	2,150	925	1,225
Yiddish	340	165	175	3,735	1,765	1,970
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	170	80	85
Greek	1,155	585	570	55,415	27,305	28,110
Indo-Iranian languages	29,340	15,490	13,850	707,845	357,350	350,495
Indo-Aryan languages	26,700	14,160	12,540	565,600	285,720	279,875
Bengali	1,095	630	465	46,810	23,615	23,195
Gujarati	2,060	1,080	980	76,675	38,740	37,940
Hindi	2,065	1,100	970	58,735	29,805	28,930
Kashmiri	5	5	0	345	170	175
Konkani	25	15	10	2,510	1,195	1,315
Marathi	100	65	40	5,490	2,805	2,685
Nepali	710	350	360	7,870	3,915	3,960
Oriya (Odia)	10	5	5	715	380	335
Punjabi (Panjabi)	17,200	9,045	8,155	197,060	100,160	96,895
Sindhi	50	30	25	6,840	3,225	3,615
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	620	320	300	10,165	4,925	5,235
Urdu	2,740	1,510	1,230	152,385	76,795	75,595
Iranian languages	2,545	1,275	1,270	139,675	70,270	69,405
Kurdish	390	205	190	6,665	3,615	3,050
Pashto	245	105	135	10,950	5,630	5,315
Persian (Farsi)	1,910	965	945	122,070	61,025	61,040
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	95	55	40	2,565	1,350	1,215
Italic (Romance) languages	16,315	7,980	8,335	614,525	295,030	319,490
Catalan	0	0	5	285	150	135
Italian	3,380	1,655	1,725	231,040	112,440	118,600
Portuguese	5,690	2,740	2,950	150,000	72,280	77,715
Romanian	530	255	275	41,755	19,565	22,190
Spanish	6,705	3,320	3,380	191,025	90,390	100,630
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	420	200	215
Japanese	485	165	320	13,260	4,590	8,670
Kartvelian languages	15	5	10	1,200	635	565
Georgian	15	10	5	1,200	635	565
Korean	3,275	1,560	1,715	69,775	32,035	37,740
Mongolic languages	20	5	15	405	180	220
Mongolian	20	5	15	405	180	225
Niger-Congo languages	3,510	1,755	1,750	35,760	16,705	19,050
Akan (Twi)	130	75	55	9,695	4,510	5,190
Bamanankan	75	25	50	140	60	80
Edo	35	20	15	1,140	475	670
Ewe	25	20	10	560	270	295
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	60	30	30	365	180	185
Ga	15	10	5	600	275	325
Ganda	40	10	25	760	360	400
Igbo	270	150	125	2,090	1,080	1,010
Lingala	75	30	35	850	365	485
Rundi (Kirundi)	120	55	65	1,430	640	785
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	235	120	115	1,330	545	785
Shona	85	40	50	1,455	660	790
Swahili	820	395	420	5,525	2,540	2,985
Wolof	75	50	25	290	145	150
Yoruba	875	445	430	4,365	2,260	2,105
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	575	280	295	5,155	2,345	2,810
Nilo-Saharan languages	380	205	175	1,610	810	800
Dinka	170	85	80	345	170	175
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	210	120	95	1,260	635	625
Sign languages	315	170	140	3,030	1,570	1,455
American Sign Language	175	95	75	1,305	640	670
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	20	10	15
Sign languages, n.i.e	135	75	65	1,700	925	780
Sino-Tibetan languages	16,605	8,185	8,415	611,795	284,865	326,935
Chinese languages	16,040	7,905	8,135	602,610	280,340	322,270
Cantonese	6,060	2,865	3,195	275,315	128,090	147,220
Hakka	55	30	30	6,985	3,140	3,840
Mandarin	8,785	4,425	4,355	283,735	132,275	151,460
Min Dong	5	5	5	855	405	450
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	305	145	160	13,545	6,240	7,300
Wu (Shanghainese)	100	50	50	6,300	2,825	3,470
Chinese, n.o.s.	725	385	340	15,645	7,235	8,410
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	240	120	120
Tibeto-Burman languages	555	280	280	9,185	4,520	4,660
Burmese	85	55	30	1,640	775	865
Karenic languages	420	205	210	1,730	865	860
Tibetan	5	5	5	5,115	2,530	2,585
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	55	20	35	700	345	350
Tai-Kadai languages	1,010	480	530	8,485	3,535	4,945
Lao	805	410	395	5,190	2,480	2,710
Thai	205	75	130	3,270	1,045	2,220
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	5	5	0	25	10	15
Turkic languages	300	165	140	22,615	11,745	10,870
Azerbaijani	30	15	10	1,990	1,070	920
Turkish	185	105	85	18,415	9,610	8,810
Uyghur	10	5	10	515	255	260
Uzbek	40	25	15	1,055	515	545
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	35	15	15	640	295	345
Uralic languages	1,060	470	595	50,670	23,095	27,570
Estonian	30	10	15	4,205	1,810	2,400
Finnish	130	50	75	9,720	4,140	5,580
Hungarian	910	410	500	36,740	17,150	19,590
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	120	70	50	1,475	780	690
Multiple responses	22,705	10,990	11,715	365,910	176,250	189,660
English and French	2,780	1,355	1,435	54,045	25,165	28,880
English and non-official language	18,970	9,140	9,825	288,285	140,345	147,940
French and non-official language	570	310	260	12,565	5,735	6,830
English, French and non-official language	385	190	200	11,010	5,000	6,005
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	699,295	342,465	356,830	13,312,865	6,503,875	6,808,990
Single responses	650,050	318,740	331,310	12,522,045	6,123,955	6,398,085
Official languages	558,485	273,940	284,545	10,605,725	5,214,425	5,391,300
English	549,040	269,740	279,305	10,328,680	5,084,885	5,243,800
French	9,445	4,200	5,245	277,045	129,540	147,500
Non-official languages	91,570	44,805	46,760	1,916,315	909,530	1,006,780
Aboriginal languages	925	395	530	9,210	4,600	4,610
Algonquian languages	900	390	515	8,685	4,370	4,320
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	255	105	150	2,370	1,205	1,165
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	5	5	5
Moose Cree	0	0	0	10	10	5
Naskapi	0	0	0	10	5	5
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	20	10	15
Plains Cree	5	5	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	45	20	25	105	50	55
Woods Cree	5	0	5	5	5	0
Cree, n.o.s.	200	80	120	2,220	1,135	1,085
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	5	5	5
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	5	5	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	645	285	360	6,305	3,155	3,145
Algonquin	0	0	0	5	0	0
Ojibway	360	155	205	3,315	1,695	1,620
Oji-Cree	285	130	155	2,905	1,420	1,490
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	75	40	35
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	20	10	10
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	15	10	10
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	5	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	5	5	0	5
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	5
Gwich'in	0	0	0	5	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	5	5	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	5	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	10	5	5	160	60	90
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	5
Inuktitut	5	0	0	140	60	80
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	15	5	10
Iroquoian languages	0	0	5	210	90	120
Cayuga	0	0	0	5	5	5
Mohawk	0	0	0	185	80	100
Oneida	0	0	0	20	5	10
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	5	5	5	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	5	0	5
Dakota	5	0	5	5	5	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	5
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	5	0	120	55	65
Non-Aboriginal languages	90,640	44,405	46,235	1,907,105	904,930	1,002,170
Afro-Asiatic languages	6,325	3,165	3,160	138,460	66,865	71,590
Berber languages	20	15	5	345	175	170
Kabyle	15	10	5	255	125	130
Berber languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	90	50	45
Cushitic languages	1,140	525	615	14,460	6,100	8,360
Bilen	95	50	45	170	80	85
Oromo	205	95	115	805	380	425
Somali	830	375	455	13,370	5,590	7,780
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	110	50	65
Semitic languages	5,145	2,620	2,525	123,410	60,475	62,940
Amharic	875	435	445	5,625	2,540	3,085
Arabic	2,840	1,455	1,380	94,195	46,505	47,695
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	5	0	9,515	4,595	4,920
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	2,915	1,410	1,500
Harari	0	0	0	555	250	305
Hebrew	340	185	155	4,850	2,505	2,345
Maltese	5	0	0	1,090	505	580
Tigrigna	1,080	540	535	3,920	1,805	2,115
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	755	360	395
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	245	115	125
Austro-Asiatic languages	2,785	1,315	1,475	50,245	23,105	27,140
Khmer (Cambodian)	120	55	70	3,770	1,650	2,120
Vietnamese	2,665	1,260	1,400	46,435	21,435	25,000
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	40	20	20
Austronesian languages	24,750	11,735	13,010	85,370	36,525	48,845
Bikol	25	15	10	90	35	55
Cebuano	345	170	180	2,325	1,020	1,315
Fijian	0	0	0	15	10	10
Hiligaynon	125	55	70	910	385	530
Ilocano	370	175	190	4,100	1,780	2,320
Malagasy	0	0	0	35	15	20
Malay	50	20	30	1,810	860	945
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	230	110	120	445	200	250
Pangasinan	30	15	15	90	40	50
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	23,545	11,160	12,385	75,070	31,965	43,105
Waray-Waray	10	5	5	90	35	55
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	20	10	15	380	175	200
Creole languages	200	80	115	5,325	2,355	2,970
Haitian Creole	10	5	5	355	165	190
Creole, n.o.s.	90	40	45	3,995	1,735	2,255
Creole languages, n.i.e.	100	35	65	975	455	520
Dravidian languages	580	285	295	96,250	46,575	49,680
Kannada	40	20	20	1,060	540	520
Malayalam	255	125	135	8,760	4,460	4,295
Tamil	205	100	105	80,600	38,460	42,140
Telugu	75	40	35	5,705	3,050	2,655
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	125	55	70
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	200	95	105
Indo-European languages	38,460	19,170	19,285	978,300	469,640	508,670
Albanian	150	75	75	9,190	4,580	4,605
Armenian	20	10	10	8,630	4,065	4,560
Balto-Slavic languages	8,315	3,970	4,345	192,945	90,585	102,365
Baltic languages	10	5	5	2,305	950	1,355
Latvian	10	0	5	860	350	515
Lithuanian	10	0	0	1,440	600	840
Slavic languages	8,300	3,965	4,335	190,645	89,635	101,005
Belarusan	5	0	0	175	80	90
Bosnian	280	140	140	3,220	1,595	1,620
Bulgarian	65	30	30	4,830	2,350	2,480
Croatian	275	115	155	11,125	5,275	5,855
Czech	95	45	50	3,070	1,480	1,595
Macedonian	75	35	45	6,255	2,965	3,285
Polish	1,660	735	920	52,555	24,510	28,045
Russian	3,610	1,795	1,815	63,570	29,655	33,920
Serbian	325	165	160	23,175	11,335	11,840
Serbo-Croatian	90	40	50	1,925	920	1,010
Slovak	60	30	30	3,520	1,680	1,845
Slovene (Slovenian)	50	20	30	1,465	645	815
Ukrainian	1,705	805	895	15,415	6,995	8,420
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	355	160	190
Celtic languages	5	5	0	120	65	55
Scottish Gaelic	5	0	0	60	30	25
Welsh	0	0	0	30	10	15
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	20	15
Germanic languages	1,635	730	900	44,515	21,630	22,880
Afrikaans	50	30	25	755	365	390
Danish	5	5	0	280	135	150
Dutch	65	30	35	4,450	2,145	2,305
Frisian	5	0	0	90	45	45
German	1,475	655	820	37,255	18,140	19,120
Icelandic	10	5	5	45	20	30
Norwegian	0	0	0	70	30	40
Swedish	5	0	0	385	190	190
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	5	5	145	60	85
Yiddish	10	5	5	370	190	185
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	655	315	340
Greek	480	220	265	21,700	10,160	11,535
Indo-Iranian languages	20,750	10,810	9,935	435,835	215,755	220,080
Indo-Aryan languages	19,040	9,995	9,040	344,050	171,125	172,920
Bengali	660	370	285	29,590	14,595	14,995
Gujarati	1,320	670	640	45,445	22,410	23,035
Hindi	1,200	640	560	28,960	14,485	14,475
Kashmiri	0	0	0	65	30	35
Konkani	5	5	5	540	260	280
Marathi	30	15	15	2,420	1,230	1,190
Nepali	535	260	275	5,640	2,815	2,820
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	325	160	165
Punjabi (Panjabi)	13,230	6,915	6,315	132,135	66,410	65,725
Sindhi	25	10	15	2,880	1,320	1,560
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	340	180	165	4,595	2,250	2,345
Urdu	1,695	930	770	91,450	45,160	46,295
Iranian languages	1,665	790	875	90,730	44,090	46,640
Kurdish	260	125	130	3,675	1,900	1,770
Pashto	155	65	90	6,750	3,360	3,395
Persian (Farsi)	1,255	600	650	80,305	38,830	41,475
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	40	25	20	1,050	540	515
Italic (Romance) languages	7,105	3,345	3,760	265,375	122,790	142,585
Catalan	0	0	0	135	60	75
Italian	975	415	560	72,960	31,195	41,770
Portuguese	2,605	1,205	1,395	67,415	32,065	35,355
Romanian	205	100	110	19,920	9,380	10,535
Spanish	3,320	1,615	1,695	104,820	50,035	54,785
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	110	50	60
Japanese	160	65	95	6,040	2,590	3,450
Kartvelian languages	5	5	5	770	420	355
Georgian	10	0	5	775	420	355
Korean	2,540	1,235	1,305	48,540	22,685	25,855
Mongolic languages	5	0	0	225	115	110
Mongolian	5	5	5	230	120	110
Niger-Congo languages	1,280	635	650	12,120	5,400	6,725
Akan (Twi)	45	25	15	4,415	1,915	2,495
Bamanankan	10	5	5	25	15	15
Edo	5	5	5	305	120	180
Ewe	5	0	0	135	60	80
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	30	15	15	110	55	55
Ga	0	0	0	175	80	100
Ganda	5	5	0	195	85	110
Igbo	75	40	35	540	265	275
Lingala	40	20	20	225	100	130
Rundi (Kirundi)	55	30	30	475	230	240
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	100	55	50	420	160	260
Shona	10	5	10	455	210	245
Swahili	470	220	245	2,085	925	1,160
Wolof	25	20	10	130	65	65
Yoruba	285	150	140	1,300	625	675
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	110	40	70	1,120	500	625
Nilo-Saharan languages	130	60	70	550	260	290
Dinka	75	35	45	120	60	65
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	55	25	25	425	195	225
Sign languages	395	215	180	4,425	2,485	1,940
American Sign Language	195	110	85	1,605	830	770
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	25	15	15
Sign languages, n.i.e	200	110	90	2,795	1,640	1,150
Sino-Tibetan languages	12,125	6,010	6,110	448,200	210,560	237,640
Chinese languages	11,675	5,785	5,890	441,615	207,305	234,310
Cantonese	4,060	1,905	2,155	198,745	91,545	107,200
Hakka	25	10	15	2,870	1,305	1,575
Mandarin	6,890	3,495	3,390	220,535	105,360	115,175
Min Dong	0	0	5	265	115	145
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	125	65	65	5,775	2,635	3,140
Wu (Shanghainese)	60	30	30	3,690	1,735	1,955
Chinese, n.o.s.	510	275	235	9,630	4,565	5,070
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	100	45	55
Tibeto-Burman languages	445	225	220	6,580	3,250	3,330
Burmese	50	30	25	1,010	480	530
Karenic languages	355	180	175	1,360	685	675
Tibetan	5	0	5	3,875	1,925	1,945
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	35	15	25	335	165	170
Tai-Kadai languages	495	230	260	3,865	1,845	2,020
Lao	400	195	205	2,535	1,220	1,315
Thai	90	35	60	1,315	615	695
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	10	5	10
Turkic languages	125	65	60	12,435	6,200	6,230
Azerbaijani	10	5	5	770	385	380
Turkish	60	30	30	10,545	5,245	5,300
Uyghur	0	0	0	290	150	140
Uzbek	35	20	15	585	290	295
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	250	130	120
Uralic languages	255	120	135	15,330	6,990	8,340
Estonian	0	0	0	790	290	500
Finnish	20	15	10	1,835	780	1,050
Hungarian	235	105	130	12,700	5,915	6,790
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	35	20	20	465	245	225
Multiple responses	49,240	23,725	25,515	790,825	379,925	410,905
English and French	2,060	955	1,105	45,655	20,895	24,755
English and non-official language	46,055	22,230	23,825	719,595	347,730	371,865
French and non-official language	350	175	180	6,725	2,930	3,795
English, French and non-official language	780	370	410	18,855	8,365	10,490
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	699,295	342,470	356,830	13,312,865	6,503,875	6,808,990
None	591,950	291,550	300,400	11,071,665	5,436,665	5,635,000
English	45,780	22,360	23,420	896,170	437,015	459,155
French	11,900	5,200	6,700	243,970	108,390	135,580
Non-official language	47,675	22,380	25,295	1,056,960	501,315	555,645
Aboriginal	2,330	915	1,415	14,315	6,580	7,735
Non-Aboriginal	45,345	21,465	23,880	1,042,645	494,735	547,910
English and French	250	125	125	8,150	3,755	4,395
English and non-official language	1,170	595	580	19,105	9,370	9,735
French and non-official language	555	250	310	16,435	7,165	9,270
English, French and non-official language	15	5	5	415	205	215
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	574,035	278,705	295,325	11,038,440	5,342,850	5,695,590
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	546,285	264,625	281,660	10,556,935	5,115,460	5,441,475
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	35,020	40,278	30,725	33,539	39,889	28,676
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	546,385	264,640	281,745	10,559,805	5,115,825	5,443,975
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	31,008	34,966	27,713	30,641	35,753	26,585
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	494,760	244,420	250,340	9,391,800	4,650,130	4,741,675
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	33,539	39,300	28,414	32,871	39,831	27,012
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	403,655	175,570	228,090	7,632,575	3,402,810	4,229,770
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	3,348	1,404	4,637	4,206	2,034	5,463
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	414,345	211,440	202,905	7,790,680	3,998,335	3,792,350
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	34,835	39,634	30,536	33,946	39,490	29,413
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	574,035	278,700	295,335	11,038,440	5,342,755	5,695,685
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	546,275	264,665	281,615	10,556,925	5,114,340	5,442,580
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	45,051	52,354	38,188	47,915	56,780	39,585
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	546,405	264,680	281,725	10,559,935	5,114,725	5,445,210
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	36,821	41,875	32,073	39,318	45,443	33,564
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	494,940	244,595	250,345	9,391,645	4,649,230	4,742,415
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	44,246	52,340	36,338	47,890	57,511	38,459
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	403,870	175,485	228,385	7,632,220	3,402,745	4,229,475
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	6,714	6,005	7,258	7,346	6,763	7,815
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	414,350	211,270	203,080	7,790,680	3,995,700	3,794,985
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	43,992	50,877	36,830	47,369	55,263	39,057
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	574,035	278,700	295,335	11,038,440	5,342,755	5,695,685
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	201,050	111,895	89,155	3,737,385	2,082,480	1,654,900
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	50,999	55,517	46,191	55,121	60,345	49,713
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	61,316	67,739	53,255	68,628	76,536	58,676
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	88.9	92.4	84.5	88.9	92.1	84.7
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	74.1	77.6	69.6	72.9	76.0	68.7
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	11.1	7.6	15.5	11.1	7.9	15.3
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	574,035	278,710	295,330	11,038,440	5,342,850	5,695,590
Without total income	27,750	14,080	13,670	481,500	227,390	254,115
With total income	546,290	264,625	281,660	10,556,940	5,115,460	5,441,475
Percentage with total income	95.2	94.9	95.4	95.6	95.7	95.5
Under $10,000 (including loss)	76,445	35,005	41,440	1,615,790	711,105	904,685
$10,000 to $19,999	83,025	32,825	50,200	1,829,355	742,710	1,086,645
$20,000 to $29,999	77,375	31,270	46,105	1,410,760	589,975	820,785
$30,000 to $39,999	71,845	32,265	39,580	1,147,510	519,550	627,955
$40,000 to $49,999	63,755	30,440	33,315	1,021,880	489,595	532,285
$50,000 to $59,999	47,920	25,975	21,940	809,115	415,950	393,165
$60,000 to $69,999	34,425	19,920	14,505	630,635	348,525	282,110
$70,000 to $79,999	25,200	14,855	10,345	479,890	277,725	202,165
$80,000 to $89,999	19,895	11,410	8,485	378,185	222,095	156,095
$90,000 to $99,999	12,685	7,450	5,240	324,810	181,815	142,995
$100,000 and over	33,715	23,220	10,495	909,005	616,420	292,585
$100,000 to $149,999	23,350	15,625	7,730	600,995	394,410	206,590
$150,000 and over	10,365	7,595	2,765	308,010	222,010	86,000
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	574,035	278,705	295,325	11,038,440	5,342,850	5,695,590
Without after-tax income	27,650	14,065	13,580	478,635	227,025	251,610
With after-tax income	546,385	264,640	281,750	10,559,805	5,115,825	5,443,980
Percentage with after-tax income	95.2	95.0	95.4	95.7	95.8	95.6
Under $10,000 (including loss)	78,880	35,505	43,375	1,659,280	722,040	937,235
$10,000 to $19,999	89,820	35,815	54,005	1,906,875	777,330	1,129,540
$20,000 to $29,999	95,030	39,815	55,220	1,623,230	690,290	932,940
$30,000 to $39,999	89,725	41,780	47,950	1,377,100	642,645	734,450
$40,000 to $49,999	68,350	35,980	32,365	1,166,040	585,490	580,555
$50,000 to $59,999	45,750	26,500	19,250	845,305	464,610	380,700
$60,000 to $69,999	30,955	17,885	13,070	604,005	354,015	249,985
$70,000 to $79,999	18,140	10,790	7,350	465,485	268,140	197,345
$80,000 and over	29,735	20,565	9,170	912,490	611,260	301,230
$80,000 to $89,999	10,175	6,640	3,530	299,315	183,410	115,905
$90,000 to $99,999	5,820	3,990	1,830	174,110	116,330	57,785
$100,000 and over	13,745	9,930	3,810	439,070	311,525	127,540
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	574,035	278,705	295,330	11,038,440	5,342,850	5,695,590
Without employment income	159,690	67,270	92,420	3,247,760	1,344,515	1,903,245
With employment income	414,345	211,440	202,905	7,790,680	3,998,335	3,792,350
Percentage with employment income	72.2	75.9	68.7	70.6	74.8	66.6
Under $5,000 (including loss)	46,545	21,855	24,685	1,094,860	546,920	547,940
$5,000 to $9,999	29,760	13,025	16,730	635,305	281,135	354,165
$10,000 to $19,999	53,735	23,860	29,875	1,027,910	464,445	563,465
$20,000 to $29,999	51,935	23,430	28,500	827,805	372,185	455,625
$30,000 to $39,999	51,965	24,425	27,535	767,840	351,925	415,910
$40,000 to $49,999	45,985	22,680	23,305	709,775	341,320	368,450
$50,000 to $59,999	35,610	20,125	15,485	588,220	310,155	278,065
$60,000 to $69,999	25,960	15,360	10,595	465,670	263,430	202,240
$70,000 to $79,999	19,990	11,995	8,005	369,085	218,570	150,515
$80,000 and over	52,865	34,675	18,190	1,304,210	848,245	455,970
$80,000 to $89,999	16,680	9,560	7,115	307,660	182,660	125,005
$90,000 to $99,999	10,175	6,265	3,910	280,530	156,440	124,090
$100,000 and over	26,015	18,855	7,165	716,015	509,140	206,875
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	282,115	...	...	5,169,175	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	68,552	...	...	74,287	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	59,102	...	...	65,285	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	84,710	...	...	1,341,300	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	37,406	...	...	36,900	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	32,632	...	...	33,219	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	197,405	...	...	3,827,875	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	86,645	...	...	90,967	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	74,189	...	...	79,528	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	282,120	...	...	5,169,175	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	87,235	...	...	97,856	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	71,315	...	...	80,322	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	84,710	...	...	1,341,115	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	45,563	...	...	49,571	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	37,409	...	...	40,830	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	197,405	...	...	3,828,060	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	105,118	...	...	114,773	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	85,865	...	...	94,157	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	282,115	...	...	5,169,175	...	...
Under $5,000	5,605	...	...	86,720	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	5,160	...	...	70,245	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	6,850	...	...	134,395	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	9,765	...	...	185,245	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	11,975	...	...	200,770	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	10,650	...	...	189,450	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	11,570	...	...	202,580	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	12,425	...	...	207,180	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	12,460	...	...	206,605	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	12,310	...	...	202,015	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	23,380	...	...	388,820	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	22,035	...	...	363,580	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	19,845	...	...	335,770	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	18,185	...	...	309,105	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	15,565	...	...	282,740	...	...
$100,000 and over	84,340	...	...	1,803,955	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	30,180	...	...	560,090	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	19,930	...	...	394,570	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	20,115	...	...	449,885	...	...
$200,000 and over	14,115	...	...	399,410	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	282,115	...	...	5,169,175	...	...
Under $5,000	5,845	...	...	92,220	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	5,235	...	...	71,480	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	7,085	...	...	136,550	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	10,440	...	...	192,920	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	13,830	...	...	222,605	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	12,835	...	...	211,440	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	14,770	...	...	232,755	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	15,540	...	...	244,335	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	15,065	...	...	247,645	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	14,715	...	...	241,965	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	28,080	...	...	463,170	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	25,395	...	...	422,695	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	22,115	...	...	388,720	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	18,425	...	...	342,330	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	15,260	...	...	290,720	...	...
$100,000 and over	57,480	...	...	1,367,630	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	26,655	...	...	539,915	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	14,460	...	...	334,420	...	...
$150,000 and over	16,360	...	...	493,295	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	188,390	...	...	3,689,580	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	86,928	...	...	91,089	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	74,327	...	...	79,531	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.1	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	65,440	...	...	1,280,890	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	81,833	...	...	81,459	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	69,538	...	...	71,237	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	84,055	...	...	1,716,115	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	108,232	...	...	115,381	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	91,525	...	...	99,205	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	4.1	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	32,090	...	...	584,180	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	53,572	...	...	54,363	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	48,791	...	...	50,317	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	188,380	...	...	3,689,080	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	106,053	...	...	115,328	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	86,433	...	...	94,410	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	65,405	...	...	1,280,580	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	101,865	...	...	104,425	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	82,262	...	...	84,952	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	84,225	...	...	1,717,295	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	127,309	...	...	140,590	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	102,952	...	...	114,144	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	31,975	...	...	581,945	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	63,475	...	...	67,748	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	54,761	...	...	58,742	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	113,040	54,940	58,100	1,818,815	867,175	951,640
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	33,484	35,016	32,255	32,097	33,925	30,753
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	29,809	30,706	29,087	29,417	30,678	28,442
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	112,795	54,765	58,030	1,814,575	864,020	950,555
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	41,070	42,848	39,391	44,298	46,765	42,057
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	34,019	34,888	33,198	36,874	38,228	35,644
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	693,025	339,810	353,220	13,242,160	6,472,205	6,769,955
In the bottom half of the distribution	369,100	176,480	192,620	6,335,170	3,016,275	3,318,895
In the bottom decile	78,425	38,440	39,985	1,346,645	651,310	695,335
In the second decile	68,475	30,950	37,530	1,280,675	581,380	699,290
In the third decile	72,510	34,180	38,330	1,237,415	583,840	653,575
In the fourth decile	74,430	36,100	38,330	1,223,510	589,740	633,770
In the fifth decile	75,260	36,820	38,440	1,246,925	610,000	636,930
In the top half of the distribution	323,930	163,330	160,600	6,906,990	3,455,930	3,451,060
In the sixth decile	73,995	36,795	37,200	1,279,095	629,635	649,465
In the seventh decile	71,890	36,045	35,840	1,321,220	655,840	665,375
In the eighth decile	67,880	34,170	33,715	1,382,795	691,630	691,165
In the ninth decile	61,300	31,200	30,095	1,464,415	736,030	728,385
In the top decile	48,865	25,120	23,750	1,459,465	742,795	716,670
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	693,030	339,810	353,220	13,184,055	6,442,930	6,741,130
0 to 17 years	144,135	74,180	69,955	2,656,535	1,361,905	1,294,630
0 to 5 years	47,120	24,260	22,860	835,000	428,025	406,975
18 to 64 years	448,635	221,440	227,200	8,418,960	4,110,615	4,308,345
65 years and over	100,255	44,195	56,065	2,108,560	970,405	1,138,155
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	109,680	51,700	57,985	1,898,975	886,530	1,012,445
0 to 17 years	33,035	16,990	16,040	489,905	251,830	238,080
0 to 5 years	12,015	6,215	5,800	165,140	84,825	80,310
18 to 64 years	64,545	30,520	34,020	1,155,315	538,535	616,780
65 years and over	12,110	4,185	7,920	253,755	96,170	157,585
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	15.8	15.2	16.4	14.4	13.8	15.0
0 to 17 years (%)	22.9	22.9	22.9	18.4	18.5	18.4
0 to 5 years (%)	25.5	25.6	25.4	19.8	19.8	19.7
18 to 64 years (%)	14.4	13.8	15.0	13.7	13.1	14.3
65 years and over (%)	12.1	9.5	14.1	12.0	9.9	13.8
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	92,005	44,340	47,665	1,298,590	627,935	670,650
0 to 17 years	25,915	13,280	12,635	304,390	156,575	147,815
0 to 5 years	9,575	4,925	4,650	102,750	52,810	49,935
18 to 64 years	58,350	28,365	29,985	887,640	430,545	457,095
65 years and over	7,740	2,690	5,050	106,555	40,815	65,740
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	13.3	13.0	13.5	9.8	9.7	9.9
0 to 17 years (%)	18.0	17.9	18.1	11.5	11.5	11.4
0 to 5 years (%)	20.3	20.3	20.3	12.3	12.3	12.3
18 to 64 years (%)	13.0	12.8	13.2	10.5	10.5	10.6
65 years and over (%)	7.7	6.1	9.0	5.1	4.2	5.8
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	693,030	339,810	353,220	13,242,160	6,472,240	6,769,925
Official languages	682,035	334,995	347,040	12,918,075	6,342,930	6,575,145
English	681,155	334,595	346,560	12,879,045	6,326,225	6,552,825
French	70,545	31,475	39,070	1,521,020	677,505	843,510
Non-official languages	221,185	106,000	115,180	4,431,270	2,115,510	2,315,760
Aboriginal languages	5,645	2,230	3,415	33,855	15,815	18,035
Algonquian languages	5,400	2,135	3,270	30,630	14,505	16,125
Blackfoot	10	0	10	15	15	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	1,875	740	1,135	6,560	3,160	3,395
Atikamekw	0	0	0	10	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	10	10	0	10	0	10
Moose Cree	0	0	0	145	70	75
Naskapi	0	0	0	25	10	10
Northern East Cree	35	10	30	65	25	45
Plains Cree	105	50	55	105	50	50
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	500	220	280	605	255	350
Woods Cree	50	25	30	45	25	25
Cree, n.o.s.	1,175	435	740	5,620	2,760	2,865
Eastern Algonquian languages	10	10	0	180	95	85
Malecite	0	0	0	20	20	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	160	75	85
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	3,690	1,460	2,230	23,980	11,285	12,690
Algonquin	0	0	0	205	95	105
Ojibway	2,580	1,035	1,545	16,220	7,600	8,630
Oji-Cree	1,100	425	675	7,515	3,585	3,935
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	200	105	100
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	85	40	50
Athabaskan languages	75	15	60	85	25	65
Northern Athabaskan languages	80	10	65	80	25	55
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	10	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	10	0	10
Chilcotin	0	0	0	10	0	10
Dene	75	15	60	45	20	30
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	10	0	10
Gwich'in	0	0	0	10	0	10
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	10
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	50	25	30	840	320	525
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	10	0	0	10	0	10
Inuktitut	35	10	30	730	285	445
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	105	35	70
Iroquoian languages	10	10	0	1,940	810	1,125
Cayuga	0	0	0	120	35	85
Mohawk	10	10	0	1,625	710	915
Oneida	0	0	0	180	55	125
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	50	25	25
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	65	30	30	180	65	110
Salish languages	0	0	10	10	0	10
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	10	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	10	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Siouan languages	35	20	15	40	10	30
Dakota	35	15	15	20	10	10
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	0	15
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	10	0	10
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Wakashan languages	0	0	10	10	10	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	10
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	10	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	10	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	20	10	10	210	100	110
Non-Aboriginal languages	215,610	103,810	111,800	4,397,690	2,099,820	2,297,865
Afro-Asiatic languages	14,575	7,640	6,935	362,645	183,050	179,595
Berber languages	75	35	35	925	505	415
Kabyle	50	20	25	530	280	255
Berber languages, n.i.e.	40	20	15	390	225	165
Cushitic languages	2,220	1,145	1,075	34,160	15,155	19,000
Bilen	145	80	65	355	200	160
Oromo	530	270	260	2,075	905	1,175
Somali	1,530	785	750	31,535	13,925	17,610
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	15	15	10	370	170	205
Semitic languages	12,610	6,655	5,955	330,315	168,750	161,570
Amharic	2,185	1,180	1,005	16,010	7,565	8,445
Arabic	6,085	3,275	2,810	246,015	127,015	119,000
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	15	0	10	17,825	8,775	9,050
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	10	0	0	6,185	3,045	3,140
Harari	0	10	0	1,310	660	645
Hebrew	3,215	1,645	1,565	43,255	22,165	21,090
Maltese	45	20	25	7,020	3,455	3,570
Tigrigna	2,125	1,110	1,015	9,385	4,320	5,065
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	1,985	1,010	975
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	125	60	65	1,125	535	590
Austro-Asiatic languages	4,955	2,410	2,550	99,830	46,210	53,620
Khmer (Cambodian)	320	180	145	10,045	4,490	5,550
Vietnamese	4,645	2,240	2,405	90,265	41,965	48,300
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	60	10	50
Austronesian languages	59,420	27,385	32,035	249,435	98,295	151,150
Bikol	210	95	110	755	340	425
Cebuano	1,200	590	605	9,475	3,650	5,830
Fijian	10	0	10	110	40	65
Hiligaynon	395	165	235	3,110	1,205	1,910
Ilocano	1,785	850	930	15,235	5,940	9,295
Malagasy	0	0	0	215	115	100
Malay	310	160	155	9,780	4,500	5,280
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	910	405	505	1,935	855	1,080
Pangasinan	205	100	110	565	245	320
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	58,520	26,925	31,595	232,935	91,110	141,820
Waray-Waray	100	50	50	410	125	285
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	140	55	80	1,785	755	1,030
Creole languages	965	440	525	30,260	13,525	16,735
Haitian Creole	20	10	15	1,430	605	830
Creole, n.o.s.	410	210	205	19,375	8,480	10,895
Creole languages, n.i.e.	555	245	315	9,685	4,525	5,155
Dravidian languages	1,290	610	680	196,315	97,975	98,335
Kannada	155	90	70	5,775	2,930	2,845
Malayalam	480	185	290	22,880	11,535	11,345
Tamil	570	275	295	157,700	77,975	79,730
Telugu	175	95	80	16,315	8,925	7,390
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	10	495	250	240
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	545	265	280
Indo-European languages	104,250	50,680	53,570	2,608,060	1,265,535	1,342,525
Albanian	375	195	180	22,375	11,180	11,195
Armenian	65	50	15	18,435	8,860	9,575
Balto-Slavic languages	24,745	11,465	13,285	473,565	221,450	252,120
Baltic languages	165	80	85	10,545	4,495	6,050
Latvian	65	30	35	4,675	2,070	2,610
Lithuanian	100	50	50	5,875	2,430	3,445
Slavic languages	24,615	11,405	13,215	465,170	217,885	247,285
Belarusan	50	25	35	1,360	680	680
Bosnian	805	400	410	9,915	4,905	5,010
Bulgarian	135	80	55	10,410	5,060	5,350
Croatian	1,335	620	710	46,580	22,880	23,700
Czech	535	235	295	14,045	6,615	7,430
Macedonian	125	70	55	21,505	10,365	11,140
Polish	5,990	2,770	3,215	142,985	65,415	77,575
Russian	7,660	3,770	3,895	138,735	64,355	74,380
Serbian	810	435	375	53,250	26,725	26,525
Serbo-Croatian	180	65	110	5,815	2,845	2,965
Slovak	375	160	220	12,035	5,550	6,490
Slovene (Slovenian)	255	95	160	7,935	3,550	4,390
Ukrainian	9,585	4,160	5,430	54,615	24,125	30,490
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	50	30	25	1,750	935	815
Celtic languages	95	60	35	3,800	1,880	1,920
Scottish Gaelic	65	45	15	1,480	720	765
Welsh	10	0	10	685	300	390
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	20	10	15	1,650	870	785
Germanic languages	19,185	8,745	10,435	274,305	130,610	143,700
Afrikaans	270	125	150	7,360	3,625	3,735
Danish	160	60	100	5,440	2,455	2,980
Dutch	1,400	685	720	63,410	29,875	33,535
Frisian	35	20	15	1,655	820	835
German	16,420	7,550	8,870	189,035	90,730	98,305
Icelandic	200	60	145	285	130	155
Norwegian	155	55	95	2,140	975	1,165
Swedish	175	55	115	5,125	2,345	2,785
Vlaams (Flemish)	100	35	60	2,275	1,050	1,225
Yiddish	545	230	310	7,175	3,535	3,640
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	45	25	15	3,290	1,645	1,645
Greek	1,835	940	895	80,690	40,105	40,590
Indo-Iranian languages	35,070	18,495	16,575	915,765	463,175	452,585
Indo-Aryan languages	32,370	17,135	15,230	759,390	384,940	374,450
Bengali	1,440	840	595	59,685	30,420	29,265
Gujarati	2,740	1,440	1,305	103,890	52,380	51,510
Hindi	11,235	6,005	5,230	250,095	127,765	122,335
Kashmiri	15	15	0	600	300	300
Konkani	35	25	10	5,490	2,515	2,975
Marathi	220	130	95	10,360	5,380	4,980
Nepali	600	285	320	10,245	5,115	5,135
Oriya (Odia)	15	10	0	1,090	515	570
Punjabi (Panjabi)	21,585	11,330	10,255	282,065	145,050	137,015
Sindhi	140	80	55	11,515	5,385	6,130
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	870	465	405	18,555	9,230	9,330
Urdu	4,185	2,360	1,825	231,500	117,305	114,190
Iranian languages	2,800	1,390	1,410	163,490	81,710	81,785
Kurdish	570	280	290	8,795	4,755	4,040
Pashto	265	120	150	15,315	8,145	7,170
Persian (Farsi)	2,115	1,075	1,035	145,465	72,275	73,190
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	200	110	90	4,665	2,495	2,175
Italic (Romance) languages	25,275	11,885	13,385	880,330	418,225	462,105
Catalan	15	10	10	515	275	240
Italian	4,720	2,270	2,450	333,645	161,190	172,455
Portuguese	7,190	3,445	3,745	193,520	93,885	99,635
Romanian	665	345	325	49,635	23,205	26,430
Spanish	13,430	6,180	7,245	337,615	156,040	181,580
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	45	40	10	1,355	745	605
Japanese	1,020	475	545	25,675	11,535	14,140
Kartvelian languages	15	0	15	1,555	775	780
Georgian	15	0	10	1,555	770	785
Korean	3,710	1,815	1,890	79,175	36,930	42,245
Mongolic languages	50	20	30	515	225	285
Mongolian	50	20	30	515	225	285
Niger-Congo languages	7,255	3,695	3,565	70,570	33,620	36,945
Akan (Twi)	205	125	80	15,950	7,520	8,435
Bamanankan	145	85	60	385	195	185
Edo	90	60	30	2,130	930	1,195
Ewe	45	25	25	880	435	445
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	45	25	20	700	320	375
Ga	15	10	10	1,340	645	695
Ganda	175	80	100	1,225	550	675
Igbo	625	310	310	4,025	2,105	1,920
Lingala	640	305	340	4,885	2,165	2,720
Rundi (Kirundi)	195	95	100	2,555	1,080	1,475
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	305	150	155	2,220	885	1,330
Shona	195	80	115	2,350	1,055	1,300
Swahili	1,825	965	860	16,750	8,110	8,640
Wolof	155	85	65	730	355	375
Yoruba	2,365	1,180	1,185	10,495	5,345	5,150
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	1,235	630	605	11,210	5,255	5,950
Nilo-Saharan languages	410	225	185	2,025	1,020	1,010
Dinka	180	105	80	415	220	200
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	225	120	105	1,615	805	810
Sign languages	1,910	730	1,180	18,865	7,645	11,220
American Sign Language	1,270	495	775	10,220	3,695	6,525
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	235	60	180
Sign languages, n.i.e.	650	240	410	8,690	4,005	4,680
Sino-Tibetan languages	18,775	9,315	9,465	689,145	324,575	364,565
Chinese languages	18,120	9,010	9,110	679,170	319,635	359,530
Cantonese	7,710	3,625	4,085	341,875	159,280	182,600
Hakka	45	25	20	7,865	3,445	4,420
Mandarin	11,220	5,655	5,560	385,395	179,890	205,510
Min Dong	0	0	0	810	330	480
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	440	205	235	16,980	7,650	9,330
Wu (Shanghainese)	145	80	60	8,305	3,860	4,440
Chinese, n.o.s.	810	440	365	16,455	7,710	8,745
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	185	95	90
Tibeto-Burman languages	665	305	365	10,460	5,200	5,260
Burmese	180	115	65	2,215	1,055	1,165
Karenic languages	460	200	260	1,820	905	920
Tibetan	0	0	0	5,695	2,845	2,850
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	135	60	80	1,245	645	605
Tai-Kadai languages	1,400	645	750	11,120	4,945	6,180
Lao	1,035	480	560	6,740	3,215	3,520
Thai	485	220	260	5,195	2,065	3,135
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	30	10	20
Turkic languages	415	215	205	33,335	17,310	16,025
Azerbaijani	50	30	30	3,260	1,710	1,550
Turkish	295	150	140	27,850	14,510	13,340
Uyghur	30	15	15	700	350	345
Uzbek	15	10	10	1,405	700	705
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	35	15	25	915	450	465
Uralic languages	1,185	555	630	58,370	27,060	31,310
Estonian	45	20	25	4,785	2,155	2,625
Finnish	130	50	85	11,145	4,865	6,280
Hungarian	1,010	485	525	42,545	20,070	22,480
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	370	245	130	3,675	1,950	1,725
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	693,030	339,810	353,220	13,242,160	6,472,240	6,769,920
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	612,425	299,255	313,165	12,223,065	5,987,360	6,235,705
Canadian citizens aged under 18	128,140	65,740	62,400	2,546,075	1,305,820	1,240,255
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	484,285	233,520	250,765	9,676,990	4,681,540	4,995,445
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	80,605	40,550	40,055	1,019,095	484,880	534,215
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	693,030	339,810	353,220	13,242,160	6,472,240	6,769,920
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	503,435	247,005	256,430	9,188,815	4,555,270	4,633,545
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	176,305	85,500	90,805	3,852,145	1,814,665	2,037,480
Before 1981	37,755	17,340	20,420	1,077,745	507,500	570,240
1981 to 1990	16,180	8,200	7,980	513,995	246,235	267,755
1991 to 2000	17,885	8,560	9,320	834,510	390,315	444,195
2001 to 2010	52,455	25,845	26,620	953,730	446,895	506,835
2001 to 2005	15,950	7,785	8,160	490,560	230,950	259,610
2006 to 2010	36,510	18,055	18,450	463,170	215,945	247,225
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	52,030	25,565	26,465	472,170	223,715	248,450
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	13,290	7,305	5,980	201,200	102,305	98,895
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	176,305	85,500	90,805	3,852,145	1,814,665	2,037,485
Under 5 years	17,845	8,980	8,860	369,955	184,255	185,705
5 to 14 years	32,930	16,795	16,135	685,085	345,865	339,225
15 to 24 years	34,785	16,080	18,710	855,475	381,025	474,450
25 to 44 years	76,010	36,515	39,495	1,579,500	741,340	838,160
45 years and over	14,730	7,130	7,605	362,130	162,180	199,945
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	176,305	85,500	90,805	3,852,145	1,814,665	2,037,480
Americas	16,205	7,660	8,550	598,950	265,930	333,025
Brazil	385	155	230	14,705	6,700	8,010
Colombia	535	245	290	28,815	13,085	15,730
El Salvador	1,490	795	695	20,920	10,165	10,750
Guyana	1,065	480	580	79,745	35,325	44,420
Haiti	75	40	30	10,195	4,410	5,785
Jamaica	1,570	725	845	119,840	51,320	68,525
Mexico	730	370	360	30,075	13,895	16,185
Peru	190	85	110	10,550	4,660	5,895
Trinidad and Tobago	1,385	715	670	52,810	23,515	29,300
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	4,110	1,885	2,225	109,005	47,170	61,830
Other places of birth in Americas	4,670	2,165	2,510	122,280	55,685	66,600
Europe	36,555	17,560	18,995	1,144,295	546,250	598,050
Bosnia and Herzegovina	1,015	510	505	21,300	10,655	10,645
Croatia	855	370	485	27,330	13,495	13,835
France	470	245	225	13,385	6,310	7,070
Germany	3,995	1,885	2,110	63,460	29,685	33,775
Greece	770	420	355	36,575	18,225	18,350
Hungary	680	355	325	22,085	10,495	11,590
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	400	185	215	15,275	7,415	7,860
Italy	2,470	1,270	1,205	157,815	78,510	79,305
Netherlands	1,020	540	480	47,400	23,910	23,490
Poland	4,240	1,950	2,290	96,000	43,155	52,845
Portugal	3,805	1,880	1,925	103,025	50,240	52,785
Romania	625	305	320	42,720	19,720	23,000
Russian Federation	1,970	905	1,065	42,980	18,540	24,440
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	325	170	155	23,695	11,610	12,085
Ukraine	3,615	1,690	1,925	39,945	18,150	21,795
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	6,890	3,275	3,615	264,125	125,730	138,390
Other places of birth in Europe	3,405	1,600	1,805	127,190	60,395	66,790
Africa	15,935	8,310	7,625	226,770	109,585	117,185
Algeria	105	50	50	2,925	1,480	1,450
Egypt	895	485	410	34,510	18,000	16,510
Ethiopia	2,210	1,170	1,040	15,570	7,230	8,340
Kenya	895	440	455	14,940	6,910	8,025
Morocco	220	115	105	5,485	2,690	2,795
Nigeria	3,490	1,885	1,610	20,630	10,285	10,345
Somalia	750	345	405	16,970	6,845	10,125
South Africa, Republic of	530	235	290	19,390	9,545	9,840
Other places of birth in Africa	6,850	3,590	3,260	96,355	46,610	49,745
Asia	107,155	51,760	55,390	1,869,805	886,570	983,240
Afghanistan	610	285	330	33,145	16,490	16,655
Bangladesh	845	460	385	39,410	19,970	19,440
China^{Census data footnote 59}	7,565	3,640	3,930	317,225	143,705	173,515
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	1,375	660	715	108,030	50,945	57,090
India	19,435	10,020	9,415	360,540	179,950	180,590
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	1,035	570	470	86,810	43,445	43,360
Iraq	835	450	390	50,390	25,280	25,115
Japan	185	50	130	8,145	2,550	5,585
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	2,580	1,265	1,315	57,085	26,660	30,425
Lebanon	220	140	75	34,545	18,145	16,405
Pakistan	2,840	1,535	1,305	142,265	71,925	70,345
Philippines	56,935	26,495	30,440	231,760	93,730	138,030
Sri Lanka	965	480	485	109,855	53,640	56,215
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	695	320	370	22,680	11,405	11,270
Taiwan	190	95	90	17,840	7,775	10,065
Viet Nam	4,055	1,950	2,105	80,525	36,545	43,985
Other places of birth in Asia	6,795	3,350	3,450	169,555	84,400	85,160
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	455	210	245	12,330	6,330	5,990
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	52,030	25,565	26,465	472,170	223,720	248,450
Americas	1,940	880	1,060	60,700	29,005	31,700
Brazil	95	35	55	3,180	1,505	1,675
Colombia	75	25	55	4,520	2,005	2,520
Cuba	55	15	40	1,950	910	1,045
Haiti	15	10	10	2,575	1,140	1,435
Jamaica	245	130	115	8,935	4,840	4,090
Mexico	240	125	115	5,670	2,745	2,925
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	605	295	305	14,635	7,225	7,405
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	40	15	30	2,460	1,120	1,340
Other places of birth in Americas	570	230	340	16,775	7,510	9,265
Europe	3,320	1,680	1,640	45,295	22,250	23,045
France	85	35	45	2,010	1,025	985
Germany	100	45	50	1,695	885	805
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	95	60	40	1,900	1,185	715
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	130	70	55	880	400	480
Romania	65	35	30	2,425	995	1,430
Russian Federation	730	330	395	4,905	1,790	3,115
Ukraine	965	470	495	4,455	2,005	2,445
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	305	175	135	7,780	4,515	3,265
Other places of birth in Europe	855	455	400	19,245	9,450	9,795
Africa	7,105	3,680	3,420	39,380	19,045	20,330
Algeria	20	10	10	415	180	240
Cameroon	50	30	20	1,390	640	750
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	730	355	375	1,835	845	990
Côte d'Ivoire	95	35	60	605	245	360
Egypt	380	205	180	8,220	4,290	3,935
Eritrea	740	400	345	2,055	1,010	1,045
Ethiopia	720	380	340	2,505	1,115	1,385
Morocco	60	30	30	655	275	375
Nigeria	2,405	1,285	1,115	5,910	2,895	3,015
Somalia	380	165	220	2,065	965	1,100
South Africa, Republic of	95	30	60	1,410	715	695
Tunisia	50	45	10	310	155	150
Other places of birth in Africa	1,370	710	655	12,010	5,715	6,295
Asia	39,540	19,250	20,290	324,820	152,205	172,615
Afghanistan	60	35	25	5,785	2,845	2,945
Bangladesh	335	180	150	8,180	4,055	4,125
China^{Census data footnote 59}	2,890	1,385	1,505	58,840	26,025	32,815
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	150	80	70	1,985	800	1,190
India	9,480	4,910	4,575	69,325	35,060	34,265
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	405	220	185	21,225	10,300	10,930
Iraq	315	170	145	14,645	7,315	7,330
Israel	585	335	255	2,050	1,085	970
Japan	50	20	25	1,385	370	1,015
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	1,160	605	555	6,320	2,855	3,470
Lebanon	115	80	40	3,230	1,685	1,545
Nepal	205	65	140	3,395	1,725	1,665
Pakistan	1,415	745	670	25,435	12,425	13,015
Philippines	19,615	9,115	10,495	53,190	21,740	31,450
Saudi Arabia	310	140	170	3,140	1,615	1,530
Sri Lanka	225	125	100	8,185	3,580	4,605
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	535	260	275	12,710	6,590	6,120
Taiwan	15	10	0	1,015	435	580
Turkey	40	30	10	2,590	1,440	1,145
United Arab Emirates	110	55	55	4,290	2,230	2,055
Viet Nam	480	220	265	3,885	1,520	2,365
Other places of birth in Asia	1,045	480	565	13,995	6,505	7,485
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	130	70	55	1,980	1,215	765
Australia	65	25	45	1,535	965	565
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	60	50	10	445	250	200
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	693,030	339,810	353,220	13,242,160	6,472,240	6,769,920
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	192,720	94,305	98,415	4,122,840	1,953,095	2,169,740
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	128,340	63,165	65,170	3,049,835	1,525,300	1,524,540
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	371,970	182,335	189,635	6,069,485	2,993,845	3,075,640
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	141,220	69,465	71,760	2,825,480	1,331,730	1,493,750
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	91,515	45,935	45,580	1,364,380	677,695	686,685
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	35,515	20,655	14,860	540,795	338,460	202,335
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	56,000	25,280	30,715	823,580	339,240	484,350
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	30,680	13,375	17,305	940,405	382,890	557,520
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	18,645	10,015	8,630	482,665	253,750	228,910
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	380	145	240	38,035	17,400	20,640
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	693,025	339,810	353,220	13,242,160	6,472,240	6,769,920
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	84,495	39,960	44,530	374,395	179,970	194,420
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	82,940	39,150	43,795	361,125	173,685	187,445
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	36,860	16,940	19,925	236,680	112,840	123,845
Métis	45,800	22,085	23,715	120,585	59,015	61,570
Inuk (Inuit)	275	125	150	3,860	1,835	2,030
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	1,195	655	540	5,730	2,680	3,045
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	360	155	205	7,540	3,615	3,930
Non-Aboriginal identity	608,540	299,850	308,690	12,867,765	6,292,265	6,575,500
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	693,030	339,810	353,220	13,242,160	6,472,240	6,769,925
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	35,045	16,020	19,025	170,895	81,560	89,335
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	657,985	323,790	334,195	13,071,265	6,390,680	6,680,585
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	693,025	339,810	353,215	13,242,160	6,472,240	6,769,920
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	28,495	13,205	15,295	112,875	54,840	58,035
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	27,410	12,690	14,720	111,575	54,180	57,395
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	19,315	8,885	10,430	97,430	47,130	50,305
Métis single ancestry	8,040	3,785	4,255	12,925	6,490	6,435
Inuit single ancestry	60	20	35	1,220	565	655
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	1,085	510	575	1,295	665	640
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	1,050	495	555	1,055	545	510
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	25	10	10	145	70	75
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	10	65	25	40
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	10	0	10	30	20	10
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	57,830	27,700	30,130	405,425	192,320	213,100
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	54,400	26,085	28,310	395,205	187,695	207,510
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	19,345	9,245	10,100	276,920	130,810	146,110
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	34,830	16,735	18,095	113,785	54,830	58,955
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	220	105	115	4,500	2,050	2,450
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	3,430	1,610	1,820	10,215	4,620	5,590
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	3,280	1,540	1,745	9,305	4,205	5,100
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	65	35	30	595	290	305
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	80	35	40	300	125	170
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	10	0	15	0	10
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	606,705	298,910	307,795	12,723,865	6,225,080	6,498,785
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	693,025	339,810	353,220	13,242,160	6,472,240	6,769,920
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	193,110	96,060	97,045	3,885,585	1,878,075	2,007,505
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	37,570	19,765	17,810	1,150,415	582,010	568,400
Chinese	19,675	9,925	9,755	754,550	359,230	395,315
Black	26,900	13,870	13,025	627,715	296,270	331,445
Filipino	73,360	34,860	38,500	311,675	132,440	179,230
Latin American	6,725	3,260	3,465	195,950	93,645	102,310
Arab	4,560	2,425	2,135	210,435	109,585	100,850
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	7,875	3,795	4,085	133,855	63,255	70,605
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	2,450	1,275	1,175	154,670	77,385	77,280
Korean	3,780	1,875	1,900	88,935	42,445	46,495
Japanese	1,565	720	850	30,830	13,595	17,235
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	2,755	1,380	1,380	97,970	46,105	51,860
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	5,880	2,910	2,965	128,585	62,105	66,485
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	499,920	243,745	256,175	9,356,575	4,594,165	4,762,410
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	693,030	339,810	353,220	13,242,160	6,472,240	6,769,920
North American Aboriginal origins	86,325	40,900	45,425	518,300	247,160	271,135
First Nations (North American Indian)	43,095	20,215	22,875	385,505	183,075	202,430
Inuit	465	220	245	6,870	3,150	3,720
Métis	47,295	22,595	24,700	137,485	66,245	71,235
Other North American origins	118,145	58,245	59,900	3,220,595	1,585,255	1,635,340
Acadian	415	195	220	16,580	8,135	8,450
American	5,265	2,610	2,660	140,165	67,480	72,690
Canadian	113,855	56,080	57,775	3,109,770	1,531,645	1,578,125
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	320	190	125
Newfoundlander	130	80	55	10,850	5,520	5,325
Nova Scotian	20	20	10	1,485	685	800
Ontarian	15	15	0	2,165	1,085	1,075
Québécois	230	125	105	5,390	2,730	2,665
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	20	0	15	675	375	300
European origins	444,215	215,910	228,310	8,151,470	3,978,900	4,172,570
British Isles origins	230,910	112,650	118,265	4,900,430	2,380,595	2,519,835
Channel Islander	45	15	30	1,120	530	590
Cornish	65	40	25	755	370	385
English	131,505	63,550	67,955	2,808,805	1,357,650	1,451,160
Irish	87,960	42,005	45,950	2,095,460	991,625	1,103,835
Manx	115	80	35	2,450	1,320	1,130
Scottish	113,310	55,085	58,225	2,107,295	1,016,260	1,091,030
Welsh	10,955	5,245	5,710	198,475	94,555	103,920
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	13,325	6,215	7,110	323,185	152,525	170,660
French origins	83,695	40,380	43,315	1,350,520	643,360	707,160
Alsatian	20	10	10	1,235	495	740
Breton	65	15	45	290	175	120
Corsican	0	0	0	205	125	85
French	83,655	40,360	43,295	1,349,255	642,790	706,470
Western European origins (except French origins)	138,055	66,755	71,300	1,766,975	864,010	902,970
Austrian	7,415	3,535	3,880	72,475	35,415	37,065
Bavarian	10	0	0	450	225	230
Belgian	9,755	4,670	5,085	57,890	28,460	29,430
Dutch	25,380	12,410	12,975	527,750	259,585	268,165
Flemish	525	200	325	4,005	2,005	1,995
Frisian	85	50	30	2,705	1,400	1,305
German	106,380	51,485	54,900	1,189,670	579,315	610,355
Luxembourger	80	35	45	915	500	415
Swiss	2,755	1,300	1,455	59,835	29,395	30,440
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	125	55	70	1,095	560	530
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	43,055	20,300	22,755	266,085	127,885	138,195
Danish	4,340	2,075	2,260	53,555	26,355	27,195
Finnish	2,435	1,120	1,310	76,755	36,955	39,800
Icelandic	16,175	7,795	8,385	13,215	6,325	6,895
Norwegian	10,225	4,685	5,545	59,335	28,350	30,980
Swedish	12,350	5,745	6,605	71,035	32,705	38,325
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	1,555	755	800	12,540	6,400	6,140
Eastern European origins	156,935	75,665	81,265	1,339,610	644,610	695,000
Bulgarian	270	155	120	16,750	8,230	8,525
Byelorussian	605	290	310	11,690	5,645	6,045
Czech	2,660	1,225	1,430	42,340	20,815	21,530
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	1,215	590	625	14,810	6,820	7,990
Estonian	165	70	95	15,075	7,255	7,825
Hungarian	6,495	3,240	3,260	163,500	79,850	83,655
Latvian	820	380	445	18,095	8,615	9,480
Lithuanian	970	465	510	35,100	16,965	18,135
Moldovan	245	130	120	3,905	1,910	1,995
Polish	52,190	24,910	27,280	523,490	251,575	271,910
Romanian	3,810	1,865	1,940	98,235	46,825	51,410
Russian	25,780	12,320	13,460	220,850	103,650	117,200
Slovak	1,370	610	760	40,535	19,645	20,885
Ukrainian	100,005	48,345	51,665	376,440	181,725	194,715
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	710	315	390	10,330	4,940	5,390
Southern European origins	47,695	23,350	24,350	1,772,160	880,335	891,830
Albanian	395	215	175	25,980	13,085	12,895
Bosnian	955	465	485	14,680	7,255	7,425
Catalan	15	0	15	285	180	110
Croatian	2,205	1,040	1,165	82,220	41,350	40,875
Cypriot	30	20	10	4,400	2,170	2,230
Greek	3,370	1,710	1,655	148,555	74,830	73,720
Italian	17,745	8,925	8,820	931,805	467,100	464,705
Kosovar	35	20	20	1,305	655	650
Macedonian	215	110	105	39,440	19,820	19,625
Maltese	230	110	120	35,255	17,525	17,730
Montenegrin	35	10	30	2,545	1,295	1,250
Portuguese	11,770	5,815	5,950	324,930	160,970	163,960
Serbian	1,055	560	490	66,835	34,035	32,800
Sicilian	200	85	120	4,190	2,090	2,100
Slovenian	890	430	460	26,485	13,215	13,275
Spanish	10,415	4,660	5,755	171,145	78,880	92,265
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	755	410	345	20,245	9,785	10,460
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	70	40	30	965	425	540
Other European origins	8,825	4,435	4,390	105,865	53,050	52,820
Basque	100	65	35	1,585	805	780
Jewish	7,310	3,640	3,665	77,280	38,860	38,425
Roma (Gypsy)	100	55	45	2,295	1,050	1,245
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	125	65	60	2,065	1,110	955
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	1,255	640	620	23,290	11,540	11,750
Caribbean origins	8,990	4,485	4,505	462,600	213,660	248,940
Antiguan	60	20	40	3,275	1,480	1,800
Bahamian	55	30	25	2,305	1,190	1,115
Barbadian	645	330	315	26,625	12,375	14,250
Bermudan	35	25	15	2,010	925	1,085
Carib	70	30	40	2,295	855	1,440
Cuban	240	110	125	14,490	6,625	7,865
Dominican	245	130	115	9,180	4,420	4,760
Grenadian	145	80	70	14,690	6,420	8,275
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	70	20	50
Haitian	130	50	85	17,715	8,085	9,630
Jamaican	3,765	1,865	1,900	257,060	119,100	137,955
Kittitian/Nevisian	10	10	0	2,260	1,090	1,175
Martinican	0	0	0	195	65	125
Montserratan	0	0	10	620	300	325
Puerto Rican	60	20	40	1,495	755	740
St. Lucian	30	20	15	7,170	3,195	3,985
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	2,005	1,055	945	59,560	27,850	31,710
Vincentian/Grenadinian	160	75	85	12,155	5,250	6,905
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	1,275	595	680	56,865	25,380	31,480
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	575	305	270	16,970	7,770	9,195
Latin, Central and South American origins	11,000	5,375	5,625	322,210	153,045	169,165
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	485	265	220	10,795	5,040	5,750
Arawak	10	10	10	1,055	470	585
Argentinian	445	215	230	11,460	5,620	5,840
Belizean	20	15	10	810	395	415
Bolivian	50	10	40	1,885	935	955
Brazilian	690	305	380	18,395	8,760	9,635
Chilean	1,260	590	670	14,625	7,015	7,610
Colombian	810	385	425	40,820	19,345	21,480
Costa Rican	55	30	30	2,790	1,380	1,410
Ecuadorian	80	50	30	20,385	9,650	10,735
Guatemalan	450	205	245	10,040	4,870	5,170
Guyanese	1,305	660	650	73,360	34,050	39,315
Hispanic	300	130	170	5,805	2,790	3,015
Honduran	70	40	30	3,360	1,590	1,765
Maya	135	90	45	2,500	1,285	1,215
Mexican	1,720	810	910	43,120	20,735	22,380
Nicaraguan	295	150	145	7,100	3,440	3,665
Panamanian	40	10	30	2,475	1,125	1,355
Paraguayan	485	275	210	600	280	320
Peruvian	265	100	165	14,780	6,985	7,800
Salvadorean	1,675	885	785	27,595	13,530	14,070
Uruguayan	35	10	25	4,200	2,150	2,050
Venezuelan	180	70	115	11,750	5,320	6,430
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	735	370	365	14,095	6,745	7,350
African origins	25,385	13,130	12,250	414,095	203,260	210,835
Central and West African origins	8,045	4,220	3,830	85,735	42,745	42,990
Akan	30	0	25	965	540	425
Angolan	15	10	0	1,635	815	820
Ashanti	20	10	10	1,205	620	585
Beninese	50	45	10	555	280	270
Burkinabe	20	10	0	415	190	225
Cameroonian	145	80	70	4,700	2,330	2,370
Chadian	10	10	0	645	320	325
Congolese	1,545	770	775	10,425	4,960	5,460
Edo	125	85	40	1,025	545	480
Ewe	15	10	10	180	95	80
Gabonese	25	25	10	170	80	90
Gambian	10	10	10	630	305	330
Ghanaian	350	195	160	24,850	12,060	12,790
Guinean	65	20	40	1,105	550	560
Ibo	415	200	220	1,940	1,035	905
Ivorian	120	45	75	1,350	600	745
Liberian	50	20	35	770	365	405
Malian	140	85	55	490	250	240
Malinké	30	25	0	345	160	185
Nigerian	3,450	1,880	1,565	26,560	13,620	12,940
Peulh	30	10	10	135	80	55
Senegalese	115	70	45	1,000	500	495
Sierra Leonean	310	150	165	1,175	585	585
Togolese	115	60	55	670	370	300
Wolof	20	10	10	80	45	35
Yoruba	995	510	490	4,055	2,155	1,900
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	490	225	265	4,745	2,340	2,410
North African origins	3,235	1,720	1,520	86,665	44,970	41,695
Algerian	95	35	55	4,065	2,035	2,030
Berber	130	80	50	1,845	985	860
Coptic	75	40	30	2,305	1,185	1,120
Dinka	35	20	10	205	110	95
Egyptian	1,160	610	550	52,845	27,465	25,375
Libyan	305	145	160	3,785	2,015	1,760
Maure	75	45	25	290	160	125
Moroccan	300	150	150	12,305	6,310	6,000
Sudanese	1,030	545	480	8,975	4,600	4,375
Tunisian	85	55	25	2,295	1,210	1,085
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	65	30	30	1,755	920	830
Southern and East African origins	9,195	4,755	4,435	128,910	61,680	67,230
Afrikaner	30	25	10	560	285	275
Amhara	110	80	35	720	360	360
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	145	85	65	870	455	415
Burundian	215	100	115	3,105	1,465	1,640
Djiboutian	40	25	15	1,035	460	575
Eritrean	2,175	1,160	1,015	11,870	5,740	6,125
Ethiopian	2,520	1,275	1,245	22,560	10,755	11,800
Harari	0	0	0	475	255	215
Kenyan	285	140	150	5,860	2,780	3,080
Malagasy	0	0	0	430	200	230
Mauritian	100	55	50	3,600	1,830	1,770
Oromo	315	185	130	1,290	610	685
Rwandan	295	140	150	3,215	1,380	1,830
Seychellois	35	10	25	350	140	205
Somali	1,715	895	820	40,995	19,200	21,795
South African	380	175	210	19,760	9,790	9,970
Tanzanian	85	50	30	2,610	1,300	1,315
Tigrian	320	195	120	770	395	375
Ugandan	170	85	90	2,950	1,445	1,505
Zambian	195	90	105	805	410	395
Zimbabwean	260	120	140	3,425	1,595	1,830
Zulu	25	15	10	440	225	215
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	425	220	205	8,475	3,900	4,570
Other African origins	5,520	2,770	2,755	119,670	57,245	62,420
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	650	335	310	17,380	7,720	9,660
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	4,950	2,455	2,495	103,560	50,150	53,410
Asian origins	159,880	79,230	80,655	3,100,450	1,506,795	1,593,655
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	9,725	4,995	4,730	523,340	265,615	257,730
Afghan	1,010	475	530	54,535	27,255	27,280
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	1,535	835	700	44,705	23,345	21,360
Armenian	355	175	180	29,675	14,570	15,105
Assyrian	30	25	15	12,075	6,140	5,935
Azerbaijani	55	30	25	4,105	1,995	2,110
Georgian	100	55	50	2,815	1,415	1,395
Hazara	0	0	0	680	390	290
Iranian	1,570	835	735	117,065	58,995	58,065
Iraqi	915	475	440	50,460	25,420	25,035
Israeli	715	370	345	17,080	8,890	8,185
Jordanian	210	90	120	9,660	5,110	4,545
Kazakh	45	25	25	1,325	610	715
Kurd	300	145	160	9,210	4,880	4,330
Kuwaiti	45	15	25	1,510	795	715
Kyrgyz	35	20	20	340	130	210
Lebanese	980	495	490	86,245	43,700	42,545
Palestinian	545	290	255	28,480	15,215	13,270
Pashtun	50	25	25	3,010	1,635	1,375
Saudi Arabian	125	70	55	3,660	1,975	1,685
Syrian	905	445	460	31,440	15,570	15,870
Tajik	45	20	25	1,850	880	970
Tatar	145	70	70	2,135	930	1,205
Turk	540	250	290	34,165	17,340	16,825
Turkmen	0	0	0	695	345	355
Uighur	10	0	0	755	385	375
Uzbek	55	40	20	2,400	1,155	1,240
Yemeni	105	45	55	4,225	2,065	2,155
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	220	125	95	16,270	8,395	7,875
South Asian origins	38,340	20,105	18,230	1,182,845	595,480	587,370
Bangladeshi	850	485	370	29,195	14,965	14,230
Bengali	190	115	80	15,235	7,795	7,445
Bhutanese	145	55	85	1,450	710	735
East Indian	30,365	15,870	14,495	774,500	390,015	384,480
Goan	50	25	30	4,775	2,245	2,525
Gujarati	150	80	70	5,915	3,055	2,860
Kashmiri	20	10	10	1,795	900	895
Nepali	490	240	255	8,150	4,070	4,080
Pakistani	2,960	1,610	1,350	149,060	75,860	73,200
Punjabi	3,495	1,815	1,680	55,455	28,580	26,875
Sinhalese	250	125	125	5,195	2,545	2,645
Sri Lankan	1,025	505	515	124,270	60,685	63,585
Tamil	235	140	100	42,760	21,705	21,050
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	665	385	280	58,705	29,705	29,005
East and Southeast Asian origins	112,260	54,295	57,960	1,422,890	659,650	763,245
Burmese	250	120	125	4,420	2,105	2,315
Cambodian (Khmer)	500	270	230	14,655	6,810	7,845
Chinese	26,505	13,170	13,335	849,345	403,280	446,065
Filipino	76,735	36,665	40,070	337,760	144,830	192,930
Hmong	0	0	0	650	340	305
Indonesian	415	220	200	9,325	4,305	5,025
Japanese	2,255	1,045	1,210	41,620	18,530	23,090
Karen	450	195	255	1,645	830	815
Korean	3,920	1,960	1,960	93,420	44,585	48,835
Laotian	1,550	730	825	9,875	4,865	5,015
Malaysian	430	215	210	7,310	3,370	3,935
Mongolian	130	50	75	2,940	1,390	1,545
Singaporean	0	10	0	1,260	565	700
Taiwanese	115	75	40	10,060	4,595	5,465
Thai	610	270	340	6,865	2,725	4,135
Tibetan	15	10	0	6,365	3,175	3,185
Vietnamese	5,495	2,710	2,785	107,640	51,350	56,290
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	145	65	80	4,375	2,165	2,210
Other Asian origins	430	215	220	13,430	6,575	6,855
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	435	215	215	13,430	6,575	6,855
Oceania origins	965	455	515	20,680	10,435	10,240
Australian	640	280	360	13,315	6,780	6,530
New Zealander	180	95	80	4,250	2,255	2,000
Pacific Islands origins	195	105	90	3,490	1,625	1,860
Fijian	10	0	10	1,610	665	945
Hawaiian	55	30	25	470	235	240
Maori	55	30	25	485	255	230
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	50	30	20	275	115	165
Samoan	0	0	0	225	140	85
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	40	15	25	555	265	290
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	282,120	...	...	5,169,175	...	...
Owner	183,395	...	...	3,601,825	...	...
Renter	98,720	...	...	1,559,720	...	...
Band housing	0	...	...	7,635	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	282,115	...	...	5,169,170	...	...
Condominium	24,185	...	...	680,495	...	...
Not condominium	257,930	...	...	4,488,680	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	282,115	...	...	5,169,175	...	...
No bedrooms	3,030	...	...	33,950	...	...
1 bedroom	47,900	...	...	699,980	...	...
2 bedrooms	73,520	...	...	1,122,145	...	...
3 bedrooms	96,300	...	...	1,876,905	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	61,375	...	...	1,436,185	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	282,115	...	...	5,169,170	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	92,455	...	...	1,369,660	...	...
5 rooms	45,900	...	...	718,020	...	...
6 rooms	42,910	...	...	770,730	...	...
7 rooms	35,520	...	...	713,595	...	...
8 or more rooms	65,340	...	...	1,597,165	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.8	...	...	6.3	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	282,115	...	...	5,169,175	...	...
One person or fewer per room	272,995	...	...	5,046,810	...	...
More than 1 person per room	9,120	...	...	122,360	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	282,115	...	...	5,169,175	...	...
Suitable	261,165	...	...	4,858,170	...	...
Not suitable	20,955	...	...	311,005	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	282,115	...	...	5,169,175	...	...
1960 or before	97,210	...	...	1,293,135	...	...
1961 to 1980	93,845	...	...	1,449,585	...	...
1981 to 1990	36,170	...	...	709,135	...	...
1991 to 2000	17,970	...	...	622,565	...	...
2001 to 2005	8,900	...	...	396,130	...	...
2006 to 2010	12,380	...	...	368,235	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	15,645	...	...	330,390	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	282,120	...	...	5,169,175	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	260,050	...	...	4,851,335	...	...
Major repairs needed	22,065	...	...	317,840	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	282,115	...	...	5,169,170	...	...
1 household maintainer	164,905	...	...	2,962,065	...	...
2 household maintainers	109,655	...	...	2,059,710	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	7,555	...	...	147,400	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	282,120	...	...	5,169,175	...	...
15 to 24 years	9,595	...	...	135,835	...	...
25 to 34 years	44,905	...	...	681,685	...	...
35 to 44 years	50,700	...	...	880,070	...	...
45 to 54 years	55,575	...	...	1,113,885	...	...
55 to 64 years	54,320	...	...	1,047,185	...	...
65 to 74 years	37,360	...	...	738,445	...	...
75 to 84 years	20,965	...	...	414,210	...	...
85 years and over	8,700	...	...	157,860	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	281,275	...	...	5,106,290	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	219,940	...	...	3,694,385	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	61,335	...	...	1,411,900	...	...
30% to less than 100%	52,210	...	...	1,208,010	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	183,370	...	...	3,557,485	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	63.0	...	...	61.0	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	12.3	...	...	19.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,078	...	...	1,299	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,160	...	...	1,463	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	297,831	...	...	400,496	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	319,050	...	...	506,409	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	98,725	...	...	1,554,940	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	18.3	...	...	15.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	39.6	...	...	45.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	915	...	...	1,045	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	939	...	...	1,109	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	574,035	278,700	295,335	11,038,440	5,342,755	5,695,685
No certificate, diploma or degree	97,150	48,655	48,495	1,935,355	961,690	973,670
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	171,600	85,895	85,705	3,026,100	1,485,320	1,540,770
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	305,285	144,155	161,130	6,076,985	2,895,745	3,181,235
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	37,575	25,830	11,745	664,180	471,055	193,120
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	19,440	11,410	8,030	324,370	199,510	124,855
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	18,135	14,420	3,720	339,810	271,545	68,260
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	102,080	43,540	58,540	2,298,715	981,785	1,316,930
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	15,865	6,590	9,275	242,005	107,065	134,945
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	149,760	68,195	81,565	2,872,085	1,335,845	1,536,250
Bachelor's degree	105,610	46,600	59,010	1,911,530	854,135	1,057,395
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	11,470	4,985	6,485	189,370	83,670	105,695
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	4,685	2,655	2,030	79,760	42,295	37,460
Master's degree	23,210	10,915	12,300	593,645	294,180	299,470
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	4,780	3,035	1,740	97,790	61,560	36,230
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	380,465	186,840	193,625	7,229,120	3,498,620	3,730,495
No certificate, diploma or degree	38,440	21,505	16,935	752,995	404,770	348,225
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	100,890	52,665	48,225	1,768,955	895,020	873,935
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	241,135	112,670	128,465	4,707,165	2,198,830	2,508,335
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	25,880	17,905	7,975	446,390	315,975	130,420
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	13,490	8,080	5,410	218,980	134,685	84,295
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	12,390	9,825	2,565	227,410	181,290	46,120
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	79,425	34,595	44,835	1,782,530	762,505	1,020,030
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	11,845	4,965	6,875	170,925	75,935	94,995
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	123,985	55,205	68,775	2,307,320	1,044,420	1,262,895
Bachelor's degree	88,260	38,655	49,605	1,519,850	668,450	851,400
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	8,775	3,710	5,065	148,960	62,370	86,590
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	3,875	2,040	1,840	63,790	30,895	32,895
Master's degree	19,530	8,710	10,815	500,415	239,160	261,255
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	3,540	2,095	1,445	74,310	43,545	30,765
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	574,035	278,700	295,335	11,038,440	5,342,755	5,695,685
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	268,750	134,545	134,200	4,961,455	2,447,010	2,514,445
Education	25,525	6,930	18,605	349,745	79,245	270,505
13. Education	25,530	6,930	18,605	349,750	79,245	270,505
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	9,865	4,720	5,145	246,075	109,955	136,120
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	1,670	1,275	390	38,745	28,735	10,010
50. Visual and performing arts	8,200	3,445	4,750	207,325	81,220	126,110
Humanities	16,055	6,830	9,225	359,560	133,350	226,210
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	1,490	340	1,150	37,900	8,170	29,730
23. English language and literature/letters	3,190	910	2,280	98,440	28,290	70,145
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	5,030	2,110	2,920	95,345	32,940	62,410
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	50	20	30	2,165	805	1,365
38. Philosophy and religious studies	1,090	665	420	24,255	13,425	10,830
39. Theology and religious vocations	2,075	1,220	860	28,175	17,120	11,055
54. History	2,555	1,405	1,150	57,295	30,015	27,280
55. French language and literature/letters	570	150	420	15,990	2,590	13,400
Social and behavioural sciences and law	34,260	12,470	21,790	810,410	269,735	540,670
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	605	145	455	10,765	2,210	8,560
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	2,510	995	1,515	81,500	31,825	49,675
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	6,590	565	6,030	141,750	11,775	129,975
22. Legal professions and studies	5,180	1,910	3,265	128,860	45,275	83,590
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	725	210	520	16,210	3,400	12,815
42. Psychology	6,285	1,900	4,390	122,545	29,640	92,905
45. Social sciences	12,370	6,755	5,610	308,775	145,620	163,155
Business, management and public administration	64,250	25,795	38,460	1,279,665	527,085	752,580
30.16 Accounting and computer science	220	70	145	2,725	895	1,830
44. Public administration and social service professions	4,650	1,245	3,405	108,935	21,405	87,530
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	59,385	24,475	34,910	1,168,005	504,780	663,225
Physical and life sciences and technologies	12,290	6,255	6,035	253,905	124,050	129,850
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	5,225	2,355	2,875	110,950	45,120	65,835
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	3,265	1,750	1,515	54,745	24,800	29,945
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	360	60	300	3,830	1,190	2,640
40. Physical sciences	2,835	1,950	885	72,355	48,145	24,205
41. Science technologies/technicians	605	140	460	12,025	4,795	7,235
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	14,730	9,415	5,320	290,045	185,310	104,730
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	12,235	8,305	3,930	220,550	150,765	69,790
25. Library science	815	140	675	15,220	2,450	12,770
27. Mathematics and statistics	1,575	900	670	49,025	28,515	20,515
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	105	65	40	5,235	3,580	1,655
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	54,975	49,875	5,095	1,173,030	1,055,050	117,985
04. Architecture and related services	2,040	1,165	870	51,845	34,590	17,265
14. Engineering	13,115	10,910	2,205	334,085	271,010	63,070
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	11,005	9,915	1,090	237,775	214,500	23,275
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	160	30	125
46. Construction trades	10,240	10,065	170	198,790	194,555	4,235
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	12,815	12,345	470	225,860	220,545	5,315
48. Precision production	5,765	5,470	295	124,515	119,820	4,695
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	5,135	3,125	2,005	106,895	67,015	39,880
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	3,445	2,175	1,270	66,035	41,790	24,240
03. Natural resources and conservation	1,690	950	740	40,860	25,230	15,635
Health and related fields	52,925	11,585	41,335	865,970	173,780	692,185
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	2,680	1,285	1,395	75,715	37,005	38,705
51. Health professions and related programs	48,720	9,390	39,325	767,680	124,280	643,400
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	1,525	910	615	22,575	12,490	10,075
Personal, protective and transportation services	15,240	7,140	8,100	340,285	170,915	169,375
12. Personal and culinary services	9,575	2,580	7,000	183,925	49,390	134,535
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	50	45	0	2,135	1,815	320
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	130	125	0	2,610	2,385	225
43. Security and protective services	2,390	1,555	830	98,325	68,625	29,695
49. Transportation and materials moving	3,090	2,825	265	53,290	48,695	4,595
Other	30	10	15	1,405	260	1,145
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	30	10	20	1,405	255	1,145
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	380,460	186,840	193,625	7,229,120	3,498,625	3,730,500
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	139,330	74,165	65,160	2,521,950	1,299,790	1,222,160
Education	18,375	4,735	13,635	243,635	52,670	190,965
13. Education	18,375	4,740	13,635	243,635	52,670	190,965
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	7,895	3,780	4,115	192,630	85,175	107,450
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	1,310	970	335	28,705	21,070	7,635
50. Visual and performing arts	6,585	2,810	3,780	163,925	64,105	99,815
Humanities	12,315	5,215	7,095	266,665	95,805	170,855
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	1,275	295	980	29,210	5,775	23,435
23. English language and literature/letters	2,440	690	1,750	73,110	20,225	52,885
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	3,935	1,700	2,235	72,145	24,330	47,815
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	50	20	25	1,665	615	1,045
38. Philosophy and religious studies	865	510	350	17,755	9,925	7,830
39. Theology and religious vocations	1,530	890	640	19,390	11,790	7,605
54. History	1,795	985	805	42,315	21,735	20,585
55. French language and literature/letters	420	115	300	11,075	1,415	9,655
Social and behavioural sciences and law	27,930	9,790	18,140	648,285	207,200	441,085
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	505	130	380	8,630	1,785	6,845
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	2,095	810	1,285	67,115	26,015	41,105
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	5,305	405	4,900	111,550	8,405	103,145
22. Legal professions and studies	4,370	1,430	2,935	108,895	34,250	74,650
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	640	185	450	12,875	2,705	10,170
42. Psychology	4,875	1,380	3,500	93,770	21,045	72,725
45. Social sciences	10,145	5,450	4,695	245,445	113,000	132,445
Business, management and public administration	51,870	20,695	31,180	1,026,975	414,425	612,550
30.16 Accounting and computer science	190	70	120	2,225	715	1,510
44. Public administration and social service professions	3,655	885	2,770	88,130	16,590	71,540
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	48,025	19,735	28,290	936,620	397,120	539,500
Physical and life sciences and technologies	9,395	4,630	4,765	190,235	88,535	101,700
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	4,155	1,800	2,360	84,580	33,150	51,425
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	2,325	1,270	1,055	41,255	18,020	23,240
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	330	55	275	3,135	975	2,165
40. Physical sciences	2,170	1,415	750	52,490	33,175	19,310
41. Science technologies/technicians	420	95	325	8,775	3,215	5,555
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	12,745	8,260	4,490	252,275	162,360	89,915
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	10,930	7,445	3,490	198,775	136,120	62,655
25. Library science	535	110	425	10,755	1,765	8,995
27. Mathematics and statistics	1,200	660	540	38,160	21,440	16,720
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	85	45	35	4,580	3,030	1,550
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	42,535	38,130	4,405	878,300	779,075	99,225
04. Architecture and related services	1,725	985	735	42,115	27,365	14,745
14. Engineering	11,230	9,235	1,995	266,040	211,240	54,800
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	8,680	7,730	950	178,830	160,160	18,675
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	140	25	115
46. Construction trades	7,290	7,145	140	141,515	138,160	3,360
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	9,455	9,125	335	162,855	158,770	4,080
48. Precision production	4,150	3,905	250	86,805	83,355	3,450
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	4,080	2,400	1,680	82,775	49,710	33,065
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	2,640	1,615	1,025	50,160	30,065	20,095
03. Natural resources and conservation	1,435	785	650	32,615	19,650	12,965
Health and related fields	42,645	9,575	33,075	664,880	133,665	531,220
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	2,200	1,075	1,125	58,160	27,950	30,205
51. Health professions and related programs	39,245	7,835	31,410	589,085	96,720	492,365
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	1,200	665	535	17,640	8,990	8,645
Personal, protective and transportation services	11,340	5,455	5,890	259,400	129,985	129,415
12. Personal and culinary services	6,895	1,860	5,030	137,250	36,225	101,030
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	50	45	10	1,685	1,405	280
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	55	55	0	1,415	1,270	145
43. Security and protective services	1,910	1,250	660	77,190	52,840	24,345
49. Transportation and materials moving	2,435	2,230	200	41,855	38,245	3,610
Other	20	15	0	1,125	220	900
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	20	10	0	1,125	225	900
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	574,035	278,700	295,335	11,038,440	5,342,755	5,695,685
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	268,750	134,550	134,205	4,961,460	2,447,010	2,514,445
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	305,285	144,150	161,135	6,076,985	2,895,745	3,181,240
Location of study inside Canada	240,615	112,680	127,935	4,786,950	2,261,260	2,525,690
Same as province or territory of residence	211,540	98,165	113,380	4,414,485	2,081,525	2,332,960
Different than province or territory of residence	29,070	14,520	14,555	372,470	179,735	192,730
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	64,670	31,475	33,200	1,290,035	634,485	655,545
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	6,005	3,205	2,800	167,260	89,350	77,910
Philippines	23,735	10,395	13,340	115,410	39,750	75,655
India	8,920	4,555	4,370	169,340	85,500	83,840
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	2,690	1,565	1,130	115,690	66,215	49,470
China^{Census data footnote 162}	2,510	1,155	1,360	98,415	46,230	52,185
France	315	180	135	10,775	5,800	4,975
Other	20,495	10,420	10,075	613,145	301,635	311,510
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	380,460	186,840	193,620	7,229,120	3,498,620	3,730,500
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	139,325	74,170	65,160	2,521,955	1,299,795	1,222,160
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	241,135	112,670	128,465	4,707,170	2,198,830	2,508,335
Location of study inside Canada	186,005	86,415	99,590	3,713,145	1,728,610	1,984,540
Same as province or territory of residence	163,665	75,380	88,285	3,432,015	1,593,170	1,838,850
Different than province or territory of residence	22,340	11,040	11,300	281,130	135,440	145,690
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	55,130	26,255	28,875	994,025	470,225	523,800
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	4,050	1,975	2,075	127,005	65,045	61,960
Philippines	21,960	9,645	12,315	97,230	32,925	64,300
India	8,090	4,085	4,000	143,205	70,040	73,175
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	1,515	890	630	62,325	34,315	28,010
China^{Census data footnote 162}	2,305	1,040	1,260	82,020	37,900	44,125
France	275	155	115	8,705	4,630	4,070
Other	16,940	8,460	8,485	473,530	225,365	248,160
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	574,035	278,700	295,335	11,038,440	5,342,755	5,695,680
In the labour force	385,095	198,555	186,545	7,141,675	3,689,625	3,452,055
Employed	360,055	184,770	175,290	6,612,150	3,414,255	3,197,895
Unemployed	25,040	13,785	11,255	529,525	275,370	254,160
Not in the labour force	188,940	80,145	108,795	3,896,765	1,653,130	2,243,630
Participation rate	67.1	71.2	63.2	64.7	69.1	60.6
Employment rate	62.7	66.3	59.4	59.9	63.9	56.1
Unemployment rate	6.5	6.9	6.0	7.4	7.5	7.4
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	574,035	278,700	295,335	11,038,440	5,342,755	5,695,685
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	177,650	75,115	102,540	3,696,235	1,561,475	2,134,755
Worked	396,385	203,585	192,800	7,342,205	3,781,280	3,560,925
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	204,765	114,400	90,365	3,837,565	2,148,635	1,688,935
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	191,620	89,190	102,430	3,504,645	1,632,645	1,871,995
Average weeks worked in reference year	43.1	43.6	42.5	42.9	43.4	42.3
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	385,100	198,555	186,545	7,141,675	3,689,625	3,452,055
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	7,685	3,615	4,070	171,050	81,735	89,315
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	377,410	194,940	182,470	6,970,625	3,607,890	3,362,735
Employee	347,530	175,945	171,585	6,146,035	3,084,740	3,061,295
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	29,880	19,000	10,890	824,595	523,145	301,445
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	385,095	198,555	186,540	7,141,675	3,689,625	3,452,050
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	7,680	3,615	4,070	171,045	81,735	89,315
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	377,410	194,940	182,475	6,970,625	3,607,890	3,362,735
0 Management occupations	35,300	21,385	13,920	790,880	483,240	307,635
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	61,705	19,630	42,080	1,124,770	357,215	767,555
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	24,495	19,430	5,065	516,110	399,195	116,915
3 Health occupations	32,270	7,735	24,530	447,045	90,495	356,550
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	51,015	17,170	33,845	831,340	265,075	566,265
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	10,565	4,735	5,830	225,720	104,445	121,275
6 Sales and service occupations	91,005	41,530	49,475	1,632,085	709,375	922,710
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	50,180	47,655	2,525	927,820	866,870	60,950
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	3,640	2,995	640	113,405	88,150	25,260
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	17,235	12,685	4,550	361,455	243,835	117,620
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	385,100	198,555	186,545	7,141,675	3,689,625	3,452,050
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	7,685	3,615	4,070	171,050	81,730	89,315
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	377,410	194,940	182,475	6,970,625	3,607,890	3,362,735
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	2,450	1,575	870	102,070	67,005	35,070
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	625	500	125	32,340	27,920	4,415
22 Utilities	3,675	2,650	1,025	50,820	38,195	12,630
23 Construction	23,770	21,125	2,640	476,835	419,600	57,230
31-33 Manufacturing	32,975	24,455	8,520	683,335	482,800	200,530
41 Wholesale trade	13,640	9,725	3,915	270,745	178,945	91,800
44-45 Retail trade	42,075	20,635	21,435	783,540	367,175	416,365
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	21,360	16,985	4,375	329,240	242,045	87,190
51 Information and cultural industries	7,955	4,615	3,335	176,715	101,045	75,670
52 Finance and insurance	18,205	7,345	10,865	380,765	169,590	211,180
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	5,690	3,235	2,455	144,275	77,385	66,890
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	20,605	11,215	9,390	567,825	316,685	251,140
55 Management of companies and enterprises	500	200	295	12,365	5,290	7,075
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	15,160	8,875	6,290	338,640	190,210	148,430
61 Educational services	32,030	10,935	21,100	528,470	163,680	364,795
62 Health care and social assistance	55,935	12,595	43,340	754,555	134,270	620,275
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	8,550	4,410	4,140	147,425	75,330	72,095
72 Accommodation and food services	28,680	12,415	16,270	478,070	201,260	276,805
81 Other services (except public administration)	16,435	7,480	8,960	296,960	133,220	163,745
91 Public administration	27,095	13,970	13,120	415,635	216,250	199,385
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	360,055	184,775	175,285	6,612,150	3,414,255	3,197,900
Worked at home	14,985	7,450	7,535	480,290	242,495	237,795
Worked outside Canada	1,265	825	440	39,145	25,995	13,150
No fixed workplace address	35,115	26,160	8,955	736,715	536,140	200,570
Worked at usual place	308,690	150,335	158,355	5,355,995	2,609,620	2,746,375
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	308,695	150,335	158,355	5,356,000	2,609,625	2,746,375
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	289,705	138,070	151,630	3,109,070	1,418,260	1,690,810
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	2,655	1,475	1,175	857,565	419,960	437,605
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	15,130	10,025	5,105	1,350,375	749,770	600,605
Commute to a different province or territory	1,205	765	440	38,990	21,630	17,355
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	343,805	176,495	167,310	6,092,710	3,145,765	2,946,945
Car, truck, van - as a driver	240,975	134,995	105,980	4,375,215	2,392,270	1,982,945
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	25,275	7,540	17,740	372,480	151,880	220,600
Public transit	51,060	20,525	30,535	888,920	376,690	512,235
Walked	16,725	7,275	9,455	320,015	143,885	176,130
Bicycle	6,205	4,275	1,935	75,460	50,200	25,260
Other method	3,560	1,890	1,675	60,620	30,835	29,785
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	343,805	176,495	167,310	6,092,715	3,145,765	2,946,950
Less than 15 minutes	77,860	36,090	41,765	1,463,845	675,540	788,310
15 to 29 minutes	149,890	77,975	71,915	1,964,690	991,525	973,165
30 to 44 minutes	81,270	44,080	37,190	1,295,375	706,155	589,225
45 to 59 minutes	21,050	11,055	9,990	612,415	336,090	276,325
60 minutes and over	13,735	7,280	6,450	756,385	436,455	319,930
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	343,805	176,490	167,310	6,092,715	3,145,765	2,946,950
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	14,770	10,280	4,495	413,515	296,265	117,245
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	59,680	35,850	23,830	1,039,255	640,810	398,445
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	101,625	51,405	50,225	1,571,230	778,100	793,130
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	70,675	30,275	40,400	1,354,870	577,565	777,310
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	34,820	15,325	19,495	740,330	328,410	411,920
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	62,235	33,365	28,875	973,515	524,620	448,895
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	409,300	209,680	199,620	7,579,085	3,895,880	3,683,200
Single responses	403,715	206,830	196,880	7,434,675	3,828,665	3,606,015
Official languages	399,810	204,725	195,085	7,319,360	3,767,405	3,551,955
English	395,805	203,420	192,385	7,225,210	3,732,550	3,492,655
French	4,005	1,305	2,695	94,145	34,850	59,295
Non-official languages	3,905	2,105	1,795	115,320	61,255	54,060
Aboriginal languages	75	30	45	1,485	765	715
Algonquian languages	70	30	40	1,420	745	675
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	25	15	10	370	220	150
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	10
Cree, n.o.s.	20	15	10	360	215	145
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	45	15	30	1,050	525	525
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	35	10	25	495	235	265
Oji-Cree	10	10	0	545	290	260
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	10	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	10	25	0	20
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	10	25	10	20
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	25	10	20
Cayuga	0	0	0	10	0	10
Mohawk	0	0	0	20	10	10
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	10	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	3,830	2,075	1,750	113,835	60,490	53,340
Afro-Asiatic languages	285	155	130	3,305	1,995	1,310
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	30	10	15	125	45	80
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	15	10	10
Somali	30	10	15	110	35	70
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	255	145	110	3,175	1,955	1,225
Amharic	20	0	15	75	30	45
Arabic	95	60	35	2,430	1,605	825
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	145	110	40
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	35	20	15
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	115	50	65	395	140	260
Maltese	0	0	0	20	15	10
Tigrigna	25	25	0	60	30	25
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	130	30	95	2,575	1,065	1,510
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	95	50	50
Vietnamese	125	30	95	2,480	1,015	1,465
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	430	205	220	1,280	495	790
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	25	10	15
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	10	10	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	40	20	20
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	10	0	0	55	20	30
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	420	200	220	1,145	435	705
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Creole languages	0	0	0	60	35	30
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	15	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	50	25	20
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	10	1,980	945	1,035
Kannada	0	0	0	10	0	10
Malayalam	10	0	10	75	45	30
Tamil	0	0	0	1,870	900	975
Telugu	0	0	0	35	10	20
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	1,455	870	585	38,960	21,375	17,580
Albanian	0	0	0	275	170	105
Armenian	0	0	0	145	75	75
Balto-Slavic languages	315	150	165	6,655	3,165	3,495
Baltic languages	0	0	0	70	25	40
Latvian	0	0	0	20	10	10
Lithuanian	0	0	0	45	20	25
Slavic languages	320	155	165	6,595	3,135	3,455
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	10	10	0	100	55	40
Bulgarian	0	0	0	120	85	40
Croatian	0	0	0	155	100	50
Czech	0	0	0	25	20	10
Macedonian	0	0	0	85	35	45
Polish	45	25	15	1,925	960	960
Russian	170	90	80	2,905	1,240	1,670
Serbian	10	10	0	390	240	145
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	20	10	10
Slovak	0	0	0	55	40	20
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	15	0	10
Ukrainian	85	30	55	780	320	460
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	15	10	10
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	10	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Germanic languages	55	35	20	6,905	3,655	3,250
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	30	15	20
Dutch	0	0	0	790	425	365
Frisian	0	0	0	25	20	10
German	50	30	20	5,690	3,005	2,690
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	10	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	30	10	20
Swedish	0	10	0	55	15	35
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	10	10	10
Yiddish	0	0	0	20	0	20
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	240	155	80
Greek	0	0	0	405	240	165
Indo-Iranian languages	700	460	240	11,880	6,560	5,315
Indo-Aryan languages	645	430	215	9,205	4,900	4,310
Bengali	20	0	10	335	160	170
Gujarati	0	0	0	730	255	475
Hindi	30	30	0	800	380	415
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	30	10	20
Nepali	10	0	0	80	30	50
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	585	390	190	6,025	3,480	2,550
Sindhi	0	0	0	20	10	15
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	30	15	10
Urdu	10	0	10	1,150	555	600
Iranian languages	55	35	25	2,660	1,655	1,005
Kurdish	10	0	0	105	95	15
Pashto	0	0	0	20	10	15
Persian (Farsi)	50	25	20	2,530	1,555	975
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Italic (Romance) languages	380	220	160	12,680	7,505	5,170
Catalan	0	0	0	10	0	10
Italian	10	0	10	945	505	445
Portuguese	305	195	110	5,815	3,865	1,950
Romanian	0	0	0	300	140	160
Spanish	60	15	45	5,590	2,985	2,605
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	10	10
Japanese	0	0	0	1,010	360	655
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	15	0	10
Georgian	0	0	0	15	0	10
Korean	280	140	140	4,945	2,505	2,445
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	15	15	0	120	55	65
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	20	0	20
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	10	0
Ganda	0	0	0	25	15	15
Igbo	0	0	0	10	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	10	10	15	0	10
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	20	10	0
Wolof	0	0	0	10	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	10	0	10
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	20	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	175	65	115	810	295	515
American Sign Language	130	50	75	575	170	410
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	10	0	10
Sign languages, n.i.e	50	15	35	225	130	100
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,035	585	450	57,620	30,735	26,890
Chinese languages	1,025	580	445	57,535	30,690	26,840
Cantonese	635	350	285	26,955	14,190	12,770
Hakka	0	0	0	30	10	25
Mandarin	385	225	165	29,090	15,730	13,360
Min Dong	0	0	0	30	15	10
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	250	155	90
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	35	20	10
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	0	0	1,145	565	580
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	10	90	50	45
Burmese	10	10	0	10	10	10
Karenic languages	0	0	0	30	10	20
Tibetan	0	0	0	45	30	15
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	20	10	10	235	95	145
Lao	15	0	0	80	40	35
Thai	10	10	0	160	55	105
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	465	315	150
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	15	15	0
Turkish	0	0	0	440	295	140
Uyghur	0	0	0	10	10	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	10	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	420	205	220
Estonian	0	0	0	45	10	35
Finnish	0	0	0	75	25	50
Hungarian	0	0	0	295	165	130
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Multiple responses	5,590	2,845	2,740	144,405	67,215	77,185
English and French	1,670	745	925	63,665	26,760	36,900
English and non-official language	3,875	2,090	1,785	78,240	39,330	38,910
French and non-official language	10	0	10	175	75	100
English, French and non-official language	30	10	25	2,325	1,055	1,270
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	409,300	209,680	199,620	7,579,080	3,895,880	3,683,200
None	382,965	197,510	185,455	6,975,415	3,605,485	3,369,930
English	4,535	1,755	2,775	109,150	48,930	60,220
French	8,590	3,620	4,970	260,050	118,655	141,395
Non-official language	12,935	6,640	6,290	226,490	119,130	107,360
Aboriginal	375	140	235	5,970	2,480	3,490
Non-Aboriginal	12,555	6,500	6,055	220,520	116,650	103,870
English and French	0	0	0	245	100	150
English and non-official language	35	35	0	1,620	780	845
French and non-official language	230	115	115	6,080	2,780	3,300
English, French and non-official language	10	10	0	35	25	10
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	685,370	335,890	349,480	13,106,990	6,403,470	6,703,520
Non-movers	584,855	285,980	298,875	11,475,985	5,603,290	5,872,695
Movers	100,515	49,910	50,605	1,631,005	800,180	830,820
Non-migrants	75,540	37,385	38,155	941,380	460,170	481,210
Migrants	24,975	12,530	12,450	689,625	340,015	349,610
Internal migrants	12,940	6,575	6,365	535,180	263,055	272,120
Intraprovincial migrants	6,755	3,290	3,465	467,890	229,080	238,810
Interprovincial migrants	6,180	3,280	2,895	67,290	33,980	33,315
External migrants	12,040	5,955	6,085	154,445	76,955	77,490
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	653,850	319,485	334,365	12,546,040	6,116,715	6,429,325
Non-movers	382,145	185,850	196,300	7,887,825	3,845,945	4,041,880
Movers	271,710	133,640	138,070	4,658,215	2,270,770	2,387,445
Non-migrants	183,710	89,930	93,780	2,545,875	1,238,055	1,307,820
Migrants	87,995	43,705	44,290	2,112,340	1,032,710	1,079,630
Internal migrants	35,125	17,300	17,825	1,562,375	761,630	800,740
Intraprovincial migrants	18,760	9,070	9,695	1,380,900	672,540	708,360
Interprovincial migrants	16,360	8,230	8,130	181,480	89,090	92,390
External migrants	52,875	26,410	26,465	549,965	271,080	278,885

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

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Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

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Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

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Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 35 referrer

Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 36 referrer

Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 37 referrer

Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 38 referrer

Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 53 referrer

Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Return to footnote 181 referrer

Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Winnipeg [Economic region], Manitoba and Ontario [Province] (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 4, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Winnipeg [Economic region], Manitoba and Ontario [Province]

Census Profile, 2016 Census Winnipeg [Economic region], Manitoba and Ontario [Province]

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Winnipeg [Economic region], Manitoba and Ontario [Province]