Census Profile, 2016 Census
Saskatchewan [Province] and New Brunswick [Province]

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Saskatchewan [Province]			New Brunswick [Province]
	Data quality , Saskatchewan [Province] Map : Saskatchewan [Province] Change geography 1			Data quality : New Brunswick [Province] Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	1,098,352	...	...	747,101	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	1,033,381	...	...	751,171	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	6.3	...	...	-0.5	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	495,582	...	...	359,721	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	432,622	...	...	319,773	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	1.9	...	...	10.5	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	588,243.54	...	...	71,388.81	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	1,098,350	545,785	552,565	747,105	365,355	381,745
0 to 14 years	215,685	110,410	105,275	110,495	56,320	54,180
0 to 4 years	73,130	37,335	35,795	34,365	17,505	16,860
5 to 9 years	74,460	38,155	36,305	38,250	19,515	18,735
10 to 14 years	68,095	34,920	33,175	37,880	19,295	18,585
15 to 64 years	712,240	358,110	354,130	487,820	240,535	247,285
15 to 19 years	67,660	34,675	32,980	40,605	20,905	19,705
20 to 24 years	70,060	36,075	33,985	41,445	21,280	20,165
25 to 29 years	77,525	39,290	38,235	39,245	19,745	19,505
30 to 34 years	77,520	38,610	38,915	41,510	20,140	21,365
35 to 39 years	71,590	35,940	35,650	44,435	21,585	22,850
40 to 44 years	64,950	32,515	32,440	48,430	23,520	24,910
45 to 49 years	63,580	31,780	31,795	51,300	25,195	26,105
50 to 54 years	75,245	37,230	38,015	61,055	29,795	31,265
55 to 59 years	76,195	38,070	38,125	61,740	30,210	31,530
60 to 64 years	67,915	33,935	33,985	58,060	28,170	29,895
65 years and over	170,425	77,265	93,160	148,785	68,500	80,280
65 to 69 years	53,230	26,285	26,945	52,160	25,595	26,570
70 to 74 years	37,740	18,225	19,510	36,050	17,695	18,360
75 to 79 years	29,400	13,415	15,985	25,300	11,835	13,465
80 to 84 years	23,115	9,945	13,170	17,650	7,515	10,135
85 years and over	26,940	9,395	17,550	17,620	5,860	11,765
85 to 89 years	16,280	6,305	9,975	10,670	3,910	6,760
90 to 94 years	8,000	2,515	5,485	5,305	1,595	3,715
95 to 99 years	2,290	520	1,760	1,435	330	1,110
100 years and over	375	50	325	205	30	185
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	19.6	20.2	19.1	14.8	15.4	14.2
15 to 64 years	64.8	65.6	64.1	65.3	65.8	64.8
65 years and over	15.5	14.2	16.9	19.9	18.7	21.0
85 years and over	2.5	1.7	3.2	2.4	1.6	3.1
Average age of the population	39.1	38.2	40.0	43.6	42.7	44.5
Median age of the population	37.8	36.9	38.7	45.7	44.8	46.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	432,620	...	...	319,770	...	...
Single-detached house	314,340	...	...	221,515	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	10,520	...	...	3,945	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	98,435	...	...	80,515	...	...
Semi-detached house	12,705	...	...	12,470	...	...
Row house	18,535	...	...	9,015	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	9,385	...	...	13,545	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	57,115	...	...	44,260	...	...
Other single-attached house	700	...	...	1,230	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	9,325	...	...	13,795	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	432,625	...	...	319,775	...	...
1 person	121,175	...	...	89,480	...	...
2 persons	153,610	...	...	126,820	...	...
3 persons	60,240	...	...	49,465	...	...
4 persons	56,080	...	...	37,625	...	...
5 or more persons	41,520	...	...	16,385	...	...
Number of persons in private households	1,070,560	...	...	730,705	...	...
Average household size	2.5	...	...	2.3	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	882,670	435,375	447,290	636,605	309,040	327,570
Married or living common law	520,430	261,075	259,355	379,605	189,790	189,820
Married	437,875	219,800	218,075	302,020	151,100	150,925
Living common law	82,550	41,270	41,280	77,580	38,685	38,895
Not married and not living common law	362,240	174,310	187,930	257,000	119,250	137,745
Never married	242,070	133,750	108,325	158,070	85,640	72,430
Separated	19,795	8,945	10,855	21,290	9,530	11,760
Divorced	47,180	20,985	26,200	35,680	15,275	20,405
Widowed	53,190	10,635	42,555	41,965	8,805	33,160
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	302,260	...	...	222,865	...	...
2 persons	157,195	...	...	129,065	...	...
3 persons	58,770	...	...	47,015	...	...
4 persons	54,125	...	...	34,860	...	...
5 or more persons	32,170	...	...	11,920	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	302,260	...	...	222,865	...	...
Total couple families	252,765	...	...	186,680	...	...
Married couples	211,500	...	...	147,900	...	...
Common-law couples	41,265	...	...	38,780	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	49,495	...	...	36,185	...	...
Female parent	38,165	...	...	28,650	...	...
Male parent	11,330	...	...	7,530	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	252,770	...	...	186,675	...	...
Couples without children	129,085	...	...	105,625	...	...
Couples with children	123,685	...	...	81,060	...	...
1 child	45,495	...	...	37,440	...	...
2 children	49,035	...	...	32,380	...	...
3 or more children	29,150	...	...	11,235	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	49,490	...	...	36,185	...	...
1 child	28,110	...	...	23,440	...	...
2 children	13,280	...	...	9,570	...	...
3 or more children	8,105	...	...	3,170	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	187,765	95,550	92,210	128,775	61,010	67,770
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	432,620	...	...	319,770	...	...
One-census-family households	285,675	...	...	214,235	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	124,620	...	...	102,170	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	161,055	...	...	112,070	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	7,975	...	...	4,280	...	...
Non-census-family households	138,965	...	...	101,255	...	...
One-person households	121,175	...	...	89,480	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	17,795	...	...	11,775	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	1,083,240	539,100	544,130	736,280	360,440	375,840
English only	1,023,400	511,940	511,460	420,820	210,555	210,260
French only	535	255	280	63,140	29,955	33,190
English and French	51,360	23,290	28,065	249,950	118,705	131,245
Neither English nor French	7,945	3,620	4,325	2,370	1,220	1,150
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	1,083,240	539,105	544,135	736,280	360,440	375,845
English	1,060,225	528,155	532,075	498,365	244,230	254,135
French	13,555	6,590	6,960	232,450	113,500	118,945
English and French	1,770	890	885	3,210	1,550	1,655
Neither English nor French	7,685	3,475	4,220	2,255	1,150	1,100
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	14,435	7,035	7,405	234,055	114,280	119,775
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	1.3	1.3	1.4	31.8	31.7	31.9
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	1,083,240	539,105	544,135	736,280	360,440	375,845
Single responses	1,064,675	530,145	534,530	726,990	356,005	370,990
Official languages	907,715	452,955	454,760	703,840	344,285	359,555
English	892,615	445,635	446,985	472,725	231,595	241,135
French	15,100	7,320	7,775	231,110	112,690	118,415
Non-official languages	156,960	77,195	79,770	23,150	11,715	11,435
Aboriginal languages	28,340	13,685	14,660	2,165	1,035	1,135
Algonquian languages	19,965	9,640	10,325	2,130	1,020	1,110
Blackfoot	10	5	5	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	19,015	9,190	9,825	10	5	5
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	5	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	5	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	30	15	10	0	0	0
Plains Cree	2,080	975	1,105	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	5	5	5	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	250	115	135	0	0	0
Woods Cree	780	370	410	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	15,860	7,710	8,155	0	5	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	5	0	5	2,115	1,010	1,105
Malecite	0	0	0	280	125	155
Mi'kmaq	5	5	5	1,835	885	950
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	935	445	490	10	5	5
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	925	440	485	5	5	0
Oji-Cree	10	5	5	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	5	5	0
Athabaskan languages	7,860	3,800	4,060	5	0	5
Northern Athabaskan languages	7,860	3,805	4,055	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	7,855	3,800	4,055	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	5	0	5
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	35	10	20	20	5	15
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	5	5	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	20	10	15	15	5	10
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	5	5	0
Iroquoian languages	5	0	5	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	5	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	235	110	125	0	0	0
Salish languages	5	5	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	5	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	5	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	230	110	120	0	0	0
Dakota	195	85	105	0	0	0
Stoney	5	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	35	20	15	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	5	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	5	5	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	10	5	5	10	0	5
Non-Aboriginal languages	128,620	63,510	65,110	20,990	10,685	10,300
Afro-Asiatic languages	6,770	3,560	3,215	3,190	1,805	1,385
Berber languages	10	5	0	40	25	15
Kabyle	5	0	0	20	10	5
Berber languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	25	15	10
Cushitic languages	1,050	505	545	30	15	20
Bilen	55	25	30	0	0	0
Oromo	195	100	90	5	5	5
Somali	775	355	415	25	10	15
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	0	0	0
Semitic languages	5,685	3,035	2,650	3,110	1,760	1,355
Amharic	290	140	155	65	35	25
Arabic	4,040	2,200	1,840	2,855	1,615	1,235
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	305	160	145	5	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	150	75	75	0	0	0
Harari	5	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	75	45	30	170	90	80
Maltese	10	5	5	0	0	5
Tigrigna	680	340	340	20	15	10
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	130	65	60	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	25	15	5	5	5	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	2,560	1,250	1,305	635	305	330
Khmer (Cambodian)	135	70	70	10	5	10
Vietnamese	2,420	1,180	1,235	620	305	320
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	23,415	11,130	12,280	1,375	510	865
Bikol	85	40	40	5	0	5
Cebuano	1,545	685	855	105	35	65
Fijian	25	20	5	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	255	120	140	15	5	10
Ilocano	790	370	415	50	15	35
Malagasy	0	0	0	15	5	10
Malay	125	55	70	45	20	30
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	175	80	95	5	0	5
Pangasinan	40	15	25	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	20,045	9,590	10,455	1,120	420	700
Waray-Waray	60	30	35	5	0	5
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	265	125	140	15	5	10
Creole languages	220	105	120	135	70	65
Haitian Creole	5	0	5	15	10	5
Creole, n.o.s.	150	70	80	80	30	50
Creole languages, n.i.e.	65	30	35	40	30	10
Dravidian languages	1,560	865	700	285	155	130
Kannada	60	35	30	20	15	10
Malayalam	850	455	395	40	15	20
Tamil	350	200	150	105	60	50
Telugu	285	165	120	110	60	45
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	5	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	5	5	0
Indo-European languages	73,170	36,230	36,930	9,325	4,790	4,530
Albanian	380	190	190	50	25	25
Armenian	70	40	30	30	15	10
Balto-Slavic languages	18,460	8,490	9,970	1,740	865	875
Baltic languages	175	85	90	55	30	30
Latvian	100	45	50	25	10	10
Lithuanian	75	40	35	35	15	15
Slavic languages	18,285	8,400	9,885	1,685	835	850
Belarusan	0	0	0	5	5	0
Bosnian	225	110	120	50	25	25
Bulgarian	65	35	30	20	10	10
Croatian	455	240	220	75	35	40
Czech	235	115	125	55	25	25
Macedonian	55	30	30	15	10	5
Polish	1,865	850	1,015	230	105	125
Russian	3,045	1,460	1,580	880	440	435
Serbian	465	235	225	105	55	45
Serbo-Croatian	120	60	65	35	15	20
Slovak	115	60	55	25	15	15
Slovene (Slovenian)	80	40	45	15	10	10
Ukrainian	11,270	5,035	6,230	170	85	90
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	290	145	145	0	0	0
Celtic languages	60	30	30	30	5	20
Scottish Gaelic	10	5	5	15	5	10
Welsh	30	10	15	10	0	10
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	25	10	5	0	5	0
Germanic languages	24,455	11,710	12,745	2,875	1,415	1,465
Afrikaans	880	450	430	50	30	25
Danish	255	145	110	125	55	75
Dutch	1,385	685	700	885	470	410
Frisian	30	20	10	35	25	10
German	21,320	10,150	11,170	1,650	780	865
Icelandic	55	20	25	5	0	0
Norwegian	310	140	165	40	25	20
Swedish	150	60	90	50	15	35
Vlaams (Flemish)	60	25	35	20	10	10
Yiddish	25	10	10	10	5	5
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	5	0	0
Greek	935	490	445	145	100	50
Indo-Iranian languages	22,335	12,065	10,270	1,850	1,020	835
Indo-Aryan languages	19,995	10,780	9,210	1,175	655	525
Bengali	2,795	1,495	1,300	205	120	85
Gujarati	2,510	1,420	1,090	75	40	30
Hindi	1,545	880	665	225	135	95
Kashmiri	20	10	10	0	0	0
Konkani	35	15	10	10	5	5
Marathi	140	80	55	50	20	25
Nepali	770	400	370	180	90	90
Oriya (Odia)	25	10	10	0	0	5
Punjabi (Panjabi)	5,250	2,890	2,360	125	75	50
Sindhi	120	65	55	25	10	10
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	270	130	135	30	15	15
Urdu	6,520	3,380	3,135	240	140	100
Iranian languages	2,065	1,130	940	655	355	305
Kurdish	145	80	65	55	30	25
Pashto	555	315	235	25	15	10
Persian (Farsi)	1,370	735	635	580	310	270
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	275	155	120	15	10	10
Italic (Romance) languages	6,470	3,225	3,250	2,605	1,355	1,250
Catalan	5	0	0	5	5	0
Italian	705	365	340	400	225	175
Portuguese	615	265	350	260	130	130
Romanian	850	425	430	485	250	240
Spanish	4,290	2,165	2,125	1,460	755	705
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	5	0	0
Japanese	320	100	220	110	25	85
Kartvelian languages	5	5	5	0	0	0
Georgian	5	0	5	0	0	0
Korean	1,670	800	865	1,550	800	750
Mongolic languages	40	20	25	5	5	0
Mongolian	40	20	25	5	5	5
Niger-Congo languages	2,310	1,235	1,075	700	385	315
Akan (Twi)	190	115	75	25	10	10
Bamanankan	0	0	5	60	35	25
Edo	35	20	15	0	0	0
Ewe	50	30	20	5	5	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	25	15	5	40	30	15
Ga	20	15	5	5	5	5
Ganda	35	15	20	10	0	0
Igbo	215	125	90	30	20	10
Lingala	30	20	15	25	15	15
Rundi (Kirundi)	145	85	65	45	25	20
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	115	55	60	40	20	20
Shona	90	55	40	20	10	10
Swahili	425	220	205	135	65	70
Wolof	20	10	10	25	20	10
Yoruba	465	240	220	30	15	20
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	430	220	215	195	105	85
Nilo-Saharan languages	335	195	140	5	0	0
Dinka	115	70	45	5	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	220	120	100	5	0	0
Sign languages	200	100	100	145	75	70
American Sign Language	65	35	35	40	20	30
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	135	70	65	95	55	45
Sino-Tibetan languages	13,500	6,700	6,795	3,115	1,570	1,545
Chinese languages	12,460	6,165	6,290	3,085	1,555	1,530
Cantonese	3,775	1,830	1,950	440	225	210
Hakka	35	20	15	20	10	10
Mandarin	7,230	3,600	3,630	2,250	1,105	1,150
Min Dong	5	0	0	0	5	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	210	110	100	35	15	15
Wu (Shanghainese)	60	35	25	100	45	55
Chinese, n.o.s.	1,135	570	565	240	150	85
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	5	5	5
Tibeto-Burman languages	1,040	530	505	30	15	15
Burmese	180	115	65	0	0	5
Karenic languages	810	395	415	25	15	10
Tibetan	15	5	10	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	35	20	20	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	525	235	290	60	15	50
Lao	345	175	170	5	0	0
Thai	180	55	125	55	10	45
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	360	185	175	105	60	45
Azerbaijani	25	10	10	5	5	5
Turkish	290	155	130	75	50	30
Uyghur	5	0	5	0	0	0
Uzbek	30	5	15	10	5	5
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	10	5	5
Uralic languages	1,555	735	820	250	115	135
Estonian	20	10	10	20	5	10
Finnish	205	85	120	45	15	30
Hungarian	1,330	650	685	185	90	95
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	100	55	45	25	10	10
Multiple responses	18,560	8,955	9,605	9,290	4,440	4,855
English and French	2,045	985	1,060	7,285	3,470	3,815
English and non-official language	15,925	7,675	8,245	1,535	725	810
French and non-official language	315	150	165	330	175	155
English, French and non-official language	280	145	135	145	65	75
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	1,083,240	539,100	544,130	736,280	360,435	375,845
Single responses	1,049,130	522,390	526,740	724,940	355,025	369,910
Official languages	968,625	481,845	486,780	712,250	348,510	363,740
English	964,640	479,915	484,730	505,935	247,610	258,325
French	3,985	1,930	2,050	206,315	100,900	105,415
Non-official languages	80,505	40,540	39,960	12,690	6,515	6,175
Aboriginal languages	16,605	8,355	8,245	820	400	420
Algonquian languages	10,145	5,185	4,960	820	395	420
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	10,000	5,105	4,895	0	5	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	1,195	580	610	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	95	40	55	0	0	0
Woods Cree	180	100	85	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	8,525	4,380	4,145	0	5	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	815	395	420
Malecite	0	0	0	50	25	25
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	765	370	395
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	140	75	65	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	145	80	70	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	6,360	3,130	3,235	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	6,365	3,130	3,230	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	6,360	3,130	3,230	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	5	0	5	5	5	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	5	0	0	5	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	45	20	25	5	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	50	25	20	0	0	0
Dakota	35	15	10	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	63,905	32,185	31,720	11,870	6,115	5,750
Afro-Asiatic languages	4,625	2,340	2,290	2,285	1,210	1,075
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	5	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	720	335	380	20	10	10
Bilen	30	15	15	0	0	0
Oromo	140	75	70	0	0	0
Somali	530	245	290	20	5	10
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	15	5	5	0	0	0
Semitic languages	3,900	1,995	1,905	2,265	1,200	1,065
Amharic	150	75	70	20	10	10
Arabic	2,890	1,500	1,390	2,110	1,125	990
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	225	105	120	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	115	60	55	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	25	10	15	130	60	70
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	5
Tigrigna	430	205	220	5	0	5
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	70	40	30	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	5	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	1,740	850	895	525	255	270
Khmer (Cambodian)	40	20	25	5	5	0
Vietnamese	1,700	830	865	520	250	270
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	12,515	6,210	6,300	510	235	270
Bikol	15	5	10	0	0	0
Cebuano	580	280	295	40	15	25
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	110	60	50	0	0	0
Ilocano	240	115	120	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	5	0	5
Malay	35	20	15	15	0	5
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	70	35	35	0	0	0
Pangasinan	10	5	5	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	11,345	5,630	5,715	450	215	235
Waray-Waray	15	5	5	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	95	50	45	0	0	5
Creole languages	95	35	65	65	25	35
Haitian Creole	0	0	5	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	65	25	40	20	0	15
Creole languages, n.i.e.	35	10	20	45	20	20
Dravidian languages	845	440	410	110	60	45
Kannada	20	10	10	5	0	0
Malayalam	525	265	260	20	5	10
Tamil	155	90	65	35	20	20
Telugu	145	75	70	45	30	15
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	31,235	15,915	15,325	4,160	2,175	1,990
Albanian	205	100	100	30	15	10
Armenian	45	25	20	20	5	10
Balto-Slavic languages	5,170	2,560	2,610	975	505	470
Baltic languages	80	35	45	35	20	15
Latvian	40	20	20	10	5	5
Lithuanian	40	15	25	25	15	10
Slavic languages	5,090	2,525	2,560	935	480	455
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	85	45	40	25	15	10
Bulgarian	35	20	15	5	5	0
Croatian	170	85	85	25	10	15
Czech	30	20	15	5	0	5
Macedonian	35	15	15	0	0	0
Polish	480	220	255	55	25	30
Russian	1,725	875	840	620	320	305
Serbian	270	140	130	80	45	35
Serbo-Croatian	45	20	25	5	5	5
Slovak	30	15	15	5	5	5
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	5	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	2,010	985	1,025	90	50	40
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	170	80	90	0	0	0
Celtic languages	10	5	5	10	0	5
Scottish Gaelic	5	0	5	5	0	5
Welsh	5	0	5	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	8,110	3,990	4,120	640	320	320
Afrikaans	530	275	250	35	15	20
Danish	10	5	0	5	5	5
Dutch	200	110	95	150	80	75
Frisian	5	0	0	5	0	5
German	7,290	3,565	3,725	425	215	210
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	10	5	10	5	0	5
Swedish	10	5	10	5	0	5
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	5	10	5	5
Yiddish	5	0	5	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	45	25	20	0	0	0
Greek	395	190	205	45	25	25
Indo-Iranian languages	14,385	7,560	6,825	1,140	595	545
Indo-Aryan languages	12,960	6,820	6,140	655	335	325
Bengali	1,915	980	930	130	70	60
Gujarati	1,585	865	720	40	15	20
Hindi	880	490	390	115	60	50
Kashmiri	5	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	10	5	5	5	5	0
Marathi	55	30	30	20	10	10
Nepali	570	290	275	135	60	75
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	3,485	1,885	1,605	50	25	25
Sindhi	55	25	25	10	5	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	140	70	70	5	5	5
Urdu	4,265	2,180	2,080	140	75	70
Iranian languages	1,280	660	615	470	255	220
Kurdish	65	40	30	35	25	10
Pashto	345	185	160	15	5	5
Persian (Farsi)	865	435	430	425	225	195
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	150	80	65	15	10	5
Italic (Romance) languages	2,920	1,480	1,435	1,305	705	600
Catalan	0	0	0	5	5	0
Italian	155	80	75	85	40	45
Portuguese	220	100	115	110	50	60
Romanian	315	165	150	290	145	140
Spanish	2,220	1,130	1,085	820	470	350
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	0	0	0
Japanese	120	45	75	20	10	15
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	1,180	590	595	1,245	645	605
Mongolic languages	25	10	10	5	0	0
Mongolian	25	10	10	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	735	350	380	240	125	120
Akan (Twi)	55	30	25	10	5	10
Bamanankan	0	0	0	20	15	5
Edo	10	0	5	0	0	0
Ewe	5	5	5	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	20	10	10	10	10	5
Ga	0	0	0	5	0	0
Ganda	10	5	5	0	0	0
Igbo	40	15	20	5	5	0
Lingala	15	10	10	10	5	5
Rundi (Kirundi)	85	45	40	20	15	10
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	35	15	25	10	5	5
Shona	35	25	15	5	0	5
Swahili	200	90	110	80	35	45
Wolof	0	5	0	5	5	0
Yoruba	115	55	55	5	5	5
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	100	45	55	50	25	25
Nilo-Saharan languages	135	65	70	0	0	0
Dinka	65	30	30	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	70	35	40	0	0	0
Sign languages	285	175	105	200	115	85
American Sign Language	50	30	20	55	30	25
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	230	150	85	150	90	60
Sino-Tibetan languages	9,700	4,835	4,865	2,390	1,210	1,175
Chinese languages	8,925	4,450	4,475	2,365	1,195	1,170
Cantonese	2,400	1,140	1,265	260	130	130
Hakka	5	0	0	5	0	0
Mandarin	5,645	2,865	2,780	1,855	930	920
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	80	45	35	15	10	5
Wu (Shanghainese)	30	15	15	85	40	45
Chinese, n.o.s.	760	385	380	140	80	55
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	10	0	5
Tibeto-Burman languages	775	380	395	25	15	10
Burmese	115	65	55	5	0	0
Karenic languages	640	310	335	20	10	10
Tibetan	10	0	5	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	190	85	105	10	0	5
Lao	125	60	60	0	0	0
Thai	70	25	45	10	5	5
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	195	100	95	30	15	10
Azerbaijani	5	5	5	0	0	0
Turkish	170	90	85	25	15	5
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	10	5	10	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0	0	0
Uralic languages	240	125	120	70	35	40
Estonian	10	0	5	5	0	0
Finnish	15	10	5	5	5	5
Hungarian	215	110	105	55	30	30
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	45	25	20	0	0	0
Multiple responses	34,110	16,720	17,395	11,345	5,415	5,925
English and French	1,210	575	635	7,275	3,370	3,905
English and non-official language	32,250	15,810	16,435	3,435	1,715	1,720
French and non-official language	150	85	70	340	185	160
English, French and non-official language	495	250	250	290	140	145
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	1,083,235	539,100	544,130	736,280	360,435	375,845
None	983,935	490,490	493,450	647,960	318,560	329,400
English	41,920	21,045	20,875	49,925	24,065	25,855
French	9,340	4,085	5,255	30,030	13,760	16,275
Non-official language	46,495	22,705	23,785	7,545	3,650	3,895
Aboriginal	13,490	6,445	7,050	1,300	625	685
Non-Aboriginal	33,005	16,265	16,740	6,240	3,030	3,210
English and French	170	85	85	180	90	90
English and non-official language	860	440	420	300	160	145
French and non-official language	495	245	255	335	155	185
English, French and non-official language	20	5	10	10	5	5
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	857,270	424,245	433,025	620,390	301,645	318,745
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	822,620	407,715	414,905	594,705	289,220	305,485
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	38,299	46,117	31,978	30,961	37,516	25,796
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	822,745	407,730	415,015	594,920	289,245	305,680
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	34,570	40,492	29,564	28,107	33,169	23,945
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	750,515	378,290	372,225	516,780	259,945	256,835
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	36,883	45,587	29,314	28,444	34,830	23,278
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	550,165	236,760	313,405	439,645	193,975	245,675
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	5,340	4,200	5,870	8,164	9,210	7,321
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	636,955	331,975	304,970	423,915	219,135	204,780
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	36,612	44,551	30,027	29,124	34,784	24,769
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	857,300	424,265	433,030	620,395	301,650	318,745
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	822,545	407,840	414,705	594,650	289,140	305,510
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	49,409	58,791	40,184	39,141	46,154	32,504
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	822,655	407,855	414,800	594,870	289,165	305,700
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	40,933	47,453	34,523	33,022	38,151	28,171
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	750,475	378,445	372,035	516,685	259,855	256,830
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	48,491	58,779	38,026	37,432	44,240	30,543
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	549,500	236,590	312,910	440,195	194,240	245,955
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,734	7,322	8,045	8,938	9,519	8,480
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	636,950	331,745	305,205	423,915	218,800	205,110
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	46,853	55,728	37,207	37,611	43,456	31,376
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	857,295	424,260	433,030	620,390	301,645	318,745
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	302,780	173,250	129,525	197,290	104,215	93,075
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	55,368	62,070	48,579	46,349	52,010	41,058
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	64,855	72,366	54,808	54,011	60,796	46,415
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	89.5	92.8	84.8	83.2	86.2	79.0
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	73.2	76.8	68.0	68.5	71.3	64.7
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	10.5	7.2	15.2	16.8	13.8	21.0
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	857,270	424,245	433,025	620,390	301,650	318,745
Without total income	34,645	16,530	18,120	25,680	12,430	13,260
With total income	822,620	407,715	414,905	594,710	289,220	305,490
Percentage with total income	96.0	96.1	95.8	95.9	95.9	95.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	105,780	47,325	58,455	80,700	32,655	48,050
$10,000 to $19,999	118,380	46,195	72,180	109,015	40,415	68,600
$20,000 to $29,999	107,890	42,345	65,545	99,025	40,480	58,540
$30,000 to $39,999	95,605	41,315	54,295	83,770	41,360	42,405
$40,000 to $49,999	89,285	42,260	47,025	65,795	35,080	30,715
$50,000 to $59,999	70,395	36,950	33,450	44,810	26,560	18,250
$60,000 to $69,999	53,855	31,055	22,795	32,185	20,270	11,920
$70,000 to $79,999	41,930	25,290	16,645	24,565	14,130	10,430
$80,000 to $89,999	34,305	20,750	13,560	17,095	9,915	7,180
$90,000 to $99,999	26,165	16,100	10,060	10,240	6,980	3,260
$100,000 and over	79,030	58,125	20,905	27,515	21,380	6,135
$100,000 to $149,999	56,160	40,025	16,140	19,765	15,195	4,570
$150,000 and over	22,870	18,100	4,770	7,750	6,185	1,565
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	857,270	424,245	433,025	620,390	301,645	318,750
Without after-tax income	34,520	16,515	18,010	25,470	12,405	13,070
With after-tax income	822,745	407,730	415,015	594,920	289,240	305,680
Percentage with after-tax income	96.0	96.1	95.8	95.9	95.9	95.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	108,310	48,150	60,160	83,590	33,140	50,455
$10,000 to $19,999	123,690	48,420	75,275	115,730	43,245	72,485
$20,000 to $29,999	125,285	50,160	75,125	118,940	51,335	67,610
$30,000 to $39,999	119,460	54,365	65,100	98,230	50,770	47,460
$40,000 to $49,999	103,250	52,900	50,350	67,470	38,665	28,810
$50,000 to $59,999	73,855	42,315	31,540	42,775	26,495	16,280
$60,000 to $69,999	53,925	32,645	21,280	28,790	16,435	12,355
$70,000 to $79,999	38,615	23,385	15,235	14,945	10,205	4,740
$80,000 and over	76,345	55,395	20,950	24,450	18,955	5,500
$80,000 to $89,999	24,935	16,370	8,560	8,385	6,340	2,040
$90,000 to $99,999	16,260	11,815	4,445	5,060	3,970	1,090
$100,000 and over	35,155	27,210	7,945	11,005	8,640	2,365
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	857,270	424,245	433,025	620,390	301,645	318,745
Without employment income	220,320	92,270	128,055	196,475	82,515	113,965
With employment income	636,950	331,980	304,970	423,910	219,140	204,775
Percentage with employment income	74.3	78.3	70.4	68.3	72.6	64.2
Under $5,000 (including loss)	82,210	38,805	43,410	54,590	26,540	28,045
$5,000 to $9,999	46,620	20,310	26,310	36,840	15,720	21,120
$10,000 to $19,999	77,480	33,900	43,575	65,895	29,920	35,975
$20,000 to $29,999	68,175	29,285	38,885	59,240	25,955	33,280
$30,000 to $39,999	66,120	29,825	36,295	50,190	24,930	25,260
$40,000 to $49,999	61,800	29,930	31,870	42,140	22,160	19,980
$50,000 to $59,999	51,075	27,565	23,510	29,910	18,180	11,730
$60,000 to $69,999	39,805	23,605	16,195	23,390	14,620	8,770
$70,000 to $79,999	32,265	20,015	12,255	19,515	10,565	8,950
$80,000 and over	111,405	78,745	32,665	42,210	30,540	11,665
$80,000 to $89,999	28,240	17,220	11,020	13,190	7,840	5,345
$90,000 to $99,999	21,415	13,645	7,770	8,105	5,685	2,420
$100,000 and over	61,750	47,885	13,870	20,915	17,015	3,895
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	432,625	...	...	319,770	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	75,412	...	...	59,347	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	65,784	...	...	52,553	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	121,175	...	...	89,480	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	38,188	...	...	28,747	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	34,099	...	...	26,387	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	311,450	...	...	230,290	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	94,530	...	...	74,207	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	81,696	...	...	65,063	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	432,620	...	...	319,775	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	93,942	...	...	72,786	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	77,837	...	...	61,431	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	121,040	...	...	89,455	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	48,880	...	...	36,505	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	40,555	...	...	31,242	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	311,580	...	...	230,320	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	111,447	...	...	86,878	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	92,320	...	...	73,156	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	432,625	...	...	319,775	...	...
Under $5,000	6,930	...	...	3,940	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	4,575	...	...	7,800	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	7,675	...	...	6,835	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	18,025	...	...	17,765	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	18,845	...	...	16,400	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	14,875	...	...	16,335	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	17,700	...	...	17,830	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	17,410	...	...	16,875	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	17,345	...	...	15,365	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	16,525	...	...	14,845	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	31,595	...	...	27,735	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	29,700	...	...	25,205	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	27,605	...	...	22,750	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	25,810	...	...	19,415	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	23,280	...	...	16,030	...	...
$100,000 and over	154,720	...	...	74,655	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	48,375	...	...	29,535	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	35,320	...	...	18,605	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	40,875	...	...	17,050	...	...
$200,000 and over	30,160	...	...	9,460	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	432,625	...	...	319,770	...	...
Under $5,000	7,355	...	...	4,090	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	4,680	...	...	7,880	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	7,860	...	...	6,980	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	18,625	...	...	18,630	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	20,275	...	...	18,705	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	17,325	...	...	18,580	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	20,700	...	...	20,540	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	20,990	...	...	19,550	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	20,395	...	...	18,165	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	19,790	...	...	17,920	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	37,680	...	...	32,930	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	35,255	...	...	29,175	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	32,575	...	...	23,970	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	28,995	...	...	19,330	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	25,545	...	...	15,105	...	...
$100,000 and over	114,570	...	...	48,225	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	47,890	...	...	25,135	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	29,680	...	...	11,980	...	...
$150,000 and over	36,995	...	...	11,110	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	299,345	...	...	221,680	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	93,747	...	...	74,353	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	81,065	...	...	65,100	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	122,845	...	...	99,865	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	87,865	...	...	67,988	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	75,765	...	...	59,801	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	124,285	...	...	82,260	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	119,530	...	...	100,315	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	101,656	...	...	85,717	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	4.1	...	...	3.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	44,110	...	...	33,580	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	50,749	...	...	42,992	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	47,776	...	...	40,671	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.9	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	299,455	...	...	221,740	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	111,031	...	...	87,048	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	91,825	...	...	73,197	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	123,045	...	...	99,840	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	104,889	...	...	79,085	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	86,074	...	...	66,576	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	124,275	...	...	82,415	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	135,718	...	...	111,901	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	111,601	...	...	92,699	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	44,125	...	...	33,455	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	62,208	...	...	51,119	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	54,678	...	...	45,687	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	161,805	82,400	79,405	114,825	54,970	59,850
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	35,875	40,000	32,247	27,250	30,122	25,182
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	32,415	35,306	29,777	25,167	27,154	23,916
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	161,560	82,510	79,050	114,375	54,300	60,075
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	45,756	49,739	41,598	34,738	37,330	32,395
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	38,229	40,766	35,581	29,845	31,431	28,411
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	1,070,555	533,385	537,175	730,710	357,860	372,850
In the bottom half of the distribution	506,055	243,040	263,010	428,180	204,170	224,005
In the bottom decile	111,770	55,530	56,245	80,120	37,430	42,695
In the second decile	104,900	46,610	58,285	94,165	42,190	51,980
In the third decile	94,035	44,535	49,500	87,075	41,905	45,170
In the fourth decile	96,045	47,015	49,030	85,610	42,275	43,335
In the fifth decile	99,300	49,350	49,950	81,200	40,375	40,825
In the top half of the distribution	564,505	290,345	274,160	302,530	153,685	148,845
In the sixth decile	104,200	52,705	51,495	77,345	38,915	38,425
In the seventh decile	109,400	55,670	53,725	73,185	37,190	36,005
In the eighth decile	115,215	59,255	55,965	65,090	32,815	32,275
In the ninth decile	121,965	62,875	59,085	52,050	26,635	25,410
In the top decile	113,730	59,840	53,885	34,860	18,130	16,730
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	1,014,605	505,225	509,380	722,550	353,870	368,680
0 to 17 years	230,205	117,925	112,275	131,930	67,285	64,645
0 to 5 years	79,345	40,700	38,645	40,900	20,805	20,100
18 to 64 years	631,280	316,125	315,155	452,805	221,675	231,130
65 years and over	153,120	71,180	81,950	137,820	64,915	72,905
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	130,220	60,375	69,845	123,820	55,990	67,825
0 to 17 years	41,010	20,960	20,050	29,250	14,930	14,320
0 to 5 years	15,420	7,850	7,575	10,285	5,260	5,030
18 to 64 years	67,080	31,315	35,765	66,745	29,975	36,770
65 years and over	22,130	8,100	14,025	27,830	11,090	16,745
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	12.8	12.0	13.7	17.1	15.8	18.4
0 to 17 years (%)	17.8	17.8	17.9	22.2	22.2	22.2
0 to 5 years (%)	19.4	19.3	19.6	25.1	25.3	25.0
18 to 64 years (%)	10.6	9.9	11.3	14.7	13.5	15.9
65 years and over (%)	14.5	11.4	17.1	20.2	17.1	23.0
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	59,440	29,890	29,545	49,830	24,165	25,660
0 to 17 years	17,870	9,140	8,735	11,520	5,890	5,630
0 to 5 years	7,005	3,540	3,465	4,200	2,145	2,055
18 to 64 years	38,775	19,470	19,305	35,680	17,255	18,425
65 years and over	2,795	1,280	1,510	2,630	1,025	1,605
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	5.9	5.9	5.8	6.9	6.8	7.0
0 to 17 years (%)	7.8	7.8	7.8	8.7	8.8	8.7
0 to 5 years (%)	8.8	8.7	9.0	10.3	10.3	10.2
18 to 64 years (%)	6.1	6.2	6.1	7.9	7.8	8.0
65 years and over (%)	1.8	1.8	1.8	1.9	1.6	2.2
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	1,070,560	533,385	537,175	730,710	357,855	372,850
Official languages	1,062,885	529,920	532,965	728,310	356,615	371,690
English	1,062,275	529,630	532,645	666,315	326,905	339,415
French	51,325	23,600	27,725	310,550	147,845	162,705
Non-official languages	187,450	91,805	95,645	34,880	17,355	17,525
Aboriginal languages	38,110	18,390	19,720	3,065	1,470	1,595
Algonquian languages	28,270	13,675	14,590	2,990	1,455	1,540
Blackfoot	10	10	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	27,065	13,115	13,950	10	0	10
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	40	30	15	0	0	0
Plains Cree	3,665	1,770	1,900	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	470	185	285	0	0	10
Woods Cree	1,260	570	695	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	21,870	10,695	11,175	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	2,965	1,435	1,530
Malecite	0	0	0	720	335	385
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	2,265	1,115	1,150
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	1,310	620	695	15	15	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	10	0
Ojibway	1,300	610	690	10	10	0
Oji-Cree	10	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	9,120	4,350	4,770	10	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	9,105	4,345	4,760	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	9,105	4,350	4,755	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	10	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0	0	0
Haida	10	0	10	0	0	0
Inuit languages	10	0	0	55	10	45
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	45	10	40
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	10	10	10	10	0	10
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	10	0	10	10	0	10
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	505	240	260	10	10	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	10	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	510	255	250	0	0	0
Dakota	415	205	210	0	0	0
Stoney	10	10	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	90	50	45	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	30	15	20	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	149,475	73,470	76,000	31,865	15,915	15,955
Afro-Asiatic languages	8,595	4,585	4,015	4,355	2,385	1,980
Berber languages	40	35	0	80	40	35
Kabyle	10	10	0	40	20	15
Berber languages, n.i.e.	30	25	0	40	25	20
Cushitic languages	1,305	620	690	15	10	0
Bilen	85	40	45	0	0	0
Oromo	160	70	90	0	0	0
Somali	1,090	520	570	10	10	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	7,500	4,075	3,425	4,300	2,340	1,960
Amharic	545	255	290	165	100	65
Arabic	5,605	3,165	2,435	3,685	2,030	1,660
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	505	240	265	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	195	95	100	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	470	245	230	435	205	230
Maltese	0	0	0	0	10	0
Tigrigna	705	350	355	50	25	25
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	245	120	125	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	70	35	30	15	15	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	3,315	1,685	1,635	835	430	400
Khmer (Cambodian)	210	105	105	10	0	0
Vietnamese	3,105	1,580	1,525	820	435	390
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Austronesian languages	29,705	14,065	15,640	1,790	695	1,090
Bikol	90	30	55	10	0	10
Cebuano	2,115	945	1,170	185	70	115
Fijian	20	10	10	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	285	130	150	35	10	30
Ilocano	785	365	415	50	10	45
Malagasy	10	0	0	25	10	15
Malay	215	95	115	75	20	55
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	265	130	135	0	0	0
Pangasinan	45	25	20	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	28,655	13,575	15,080	1,595	625	970
Waray-Waray	35	25	10	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	300	145	155	20	15	0
Creole languages	495	230	270	430	195	235
Haitian Creole	10	0	0	50	20	30
Creole, n.o.s.	240	95	145	240	105	135
Creole languages, n.i.e.	250	125	120	140	75	65
Dravidian languages	2,190	1,205	980	435	245	195
Kannada	115	65	55	60	30	25
Malayalam	1,170	625	540	55	35	25
Tamil	635	345	290	190	115	75
Telugu	435	270	165	175	90	85
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	15	0	15	20	10	10
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	10	10	0
Indo-European languages	81,985	40,685	41,300	16,505	8,155	8,350
Albanian	560	275	285	80	45	35
Armenian	115	65	45	60	35	25
Balto-Slavic languages	20,395	9,470	10,925	2,065	1,100	965
Baltic languages	225	120	110	55	40	20
Latvian	135	60	70	20	10	10
Lithuanian	95	60	35	30	20	10
Slavic languages	20,265	9,400	10,860	2,025	1,070	955
Belarusan	20	0	15	10	0	0
Bosnian	325	155	165	75	40	40
Bulgarian	75	40	35	45	15	35
Croatian	605	355	250	95	45	55
Czech	300	155	150	115	65	45
Macedonian	65	35	35	35	25	10
Polish	2,185	1,040	1,145	320	165	160
Russian	5,275	2,585	2,690	1,200	630	570
Serbian	790	410	385	90	70	20
Serbo-Croatian	80	30	50	40	30	10
Slovak	125	85	40	45	15	30
Slovene (Slovenian)	105	50	50	15	10	0
Ukrainian	13,090	5,770	7,325	310	145	165
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	345	205	140	10	10	10
Celtic languages	165	105	65	140	40	100
Scottish Gaelic	55	35	25	95	20	75
Welsh	50	30	20	10	0	10
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	70	45	20	40	20	20
Germanic languages	21,275	10,435	10,840	4,745	2,360	2,380
Afrikaans	1,455	750	705	130	70	60
Danish	320	195	125	155	60	95
Dutch	1,510	720	790	1,185	560	625
Frisian	25	15	15	50	40	15
German	17,390	8,525	8,870	3,260	1,675	1,580
Icelandic	70	40	30	10	10	0
Norwegian	415	180	235	130	65	65
Swedish	230	95	130	110	45	60
Vlaams (Flemish)	80	25	50	40	20	25
Yiddish	75	35	30	20	20	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	265	135	125	0	0	0
Greek	1,470	725	745	220	125	95
Indo-Iranian languages	27,395	14,650	12,740	2,325	1,275	1,050
Indo-Aryan languages	25,355	13,530	11,825	1,570	875	695
Bengali	3,520	1,895	1,620	225	150	80
Gujarati	3,320	1,760	1,555	110	45	65
Hindi	8,040	4,480	3,560	790	430	355
Kashmiri	40	25	20	0	0	0
Konkani	40	30	15	0	0	0
Marathi	185	120	70	55	20	30
Nepali	835	435	400	185	90	95
Oriya (Odia)	25	15	10	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	8,300	4,635	3,665	205	130	75
Sindhi	180	105	75	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	355	205	150	35	10	20
Urdu	9,455	4,815	4,635	355	215	140
Iranian languages	2,285	1,240	1,040	805	430	375
Kurdish	145	90	60	130	65	60
Pashto	555	315	240	60	45	20
Persian (Farsi)	1,630	870	760	620	330	285
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	275	135	140	10	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	12,660	6,085	6,570	7,600	3,540	4,055
Catalan	0	10	0	15	10	0
Italian	1,360	670	690	825	405	420
Portuguese	885	380	505	450	250	200
Romanian	1,105	525	575	555	290	265
Spanish	9,605	4,635	4,965	6,065	2,775	3,290
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	40	30	10	10	0	10
Japanese	1,205	540	665	430	190	240
Kartvelian languages	15	0	15	0	0	0
Georgian	15	0	10	0	0	0
Korean	1,930	850	1,080	1,695	860	835
Mongolic languages	55	20	30	10	10	10
Mongolian	60	25	30	15	10	10
Niger-Congo languages	4,125	2,245	1,885	1,525	890	640
Akan (Twi)	355	185	170	35	15	25
Bamanankan	0	0	10	155	70	85
Edo	20	0	20	0	0	0
Ewe	100	45	55	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	60	45	15	100	85	15
Ga	45	25	15	10	10	0
Ganda	20	10	10	10	10	0
Igbo	625	325	300	60	50	15
Lingala	140	70	65	125	95	35
Rundi (Kirundi)	280	150	130	90	55	35
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	125	65	55	70	40	30
Shona	150	90	55	40	15	25
Swahili	950	570	380	355	185	170
Wolof	40	25	15	70	45	25
Yoruba	965	470	495	60	45	20
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	815	480	335	545	315	230
Nilo-Saharan languages	300	150	145	10	0	0
Dinka	100	65	40	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	195	90	105	0	0	0
Sign languages	1,565	585	985	1,155	450	705
American Sign Language	650	215	435	425	150	280
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	15	10	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	915	365	545	745	305	435
Sino-Tibetan languages	14,580	7,115	7,470	3,585	1,885	1,700
Chinese languages	13,630	6,625	7,005	3,510	1,855	1,660
Cantonese	4,675	2,245	2,435	610	285	320
Hakka	30	10	20	0	0	0
Mandarin	8,995	4,335	4,660	2,760	1,455	1,310
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	260	125	135	60	30	30
Wu (Shanghainese)	45	20	30	140	65	75
Chinese, n.o.s.	1,245	620	630	310	195	115
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	40	10	30
Tibeto-Burman languages	960	495	460	70	30	40
Burmese	315	185	130	0	0	0
Karenic languages	635	310	325	65	25	45
Tibetan	30	15	10	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	70	25	40	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	635	245	385	85	20	65
Lao	410	170	240	10	0	10
Thai	275	105	170	80	20	60
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	640	365	285	175	105	75
Azerbaijani	25	20	10	0	0	0
Turkish	530	310	220	165	105	60
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	60	25	35	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	10	0	10
Uralic languages	1,765	850	915	270	130	140
Estonian	20	15	10	20	15	0
Finnish	360	170	190	35	15	20
Hungarian	1,385	670	715	220	105	115
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	340	210	135	100	70	30
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	1,070,555	533,385	537,175	730,710	357,855	372,855
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	998,035	496,635	501,395	710,775	347,905	362,875
Canadian citizens aged under 18	237,720	121,535	116,185	130,785	66,795	63,990
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	760,310	375,105	385,210	579,995	281,110	298,880
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	72,525	36,750	35,780	19,925	9,950	9,980
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	1,070,560	533,385	537,170	730,710	357,855	372,850
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	945,810	470,790	475,025	692,535	339,090	353,445
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	112,490	55,800	56,690	33,810	16,175	17,640
Before 1981	16,650	8,190	8,465	11,545	5,265	6,275
1981 to 1990	5,545	2,670	2,875	2,735	1,340	1,390
1991 to 2000	9,315	4,645	4,665	2,975	1,490	1,490
2001 to 2010	33,045	16,410	16,635	7,235	3,530	3,710
2001 to 2005	8,670	4,165	4,505	2,435	1,110	1,330
2006 to 2010	24,370	12,245	12,130	4,800	2,415	2,385
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	47,935	23,880	24,055	9,330	4,560	4,770
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	12,255	6,800	5,455	4,360	2,590	1,770
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	112,495	55,795	56,695	33,815	16,175	17,635
Under 5 years	12,060	6,100	5,965	5,135	2,350	2,790
5 to 14 years	21,295	11,015	10,280	7,290	3,585	3,705
15 to 24 years	19,295	8,990	10,305	5,790	2,525	3,265
25 to 44 years	50,945	25,060	25,890	12,640	6,100	6,535
45 years and over	8,895	4,635	4,260	2,955	1,615	1,340
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	112,490	55,800	56,690	33,815	16,175	17,635
Americas	10,765	5,010	5,760	9,420	4,205	5,210
Brazil	185	65	120	55	20	30
Colombia	555	275	280	215	85	130
El Salvador	630	290	340	115	85	30
Guyana	155	75	85	80	40	45
Haiti	65	45	20	170	70	100
Jamaica	815	425	395	120	85	40
Mexico	1,330	665	665	160	50	110
Peru	165	60	100	60	35	25
Trinidad and Tobago	210	105	110	115	70	40
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	4,845	2,045	2,800	7,620	3,315	4,305
Other places of birth in Americas	1,805	955	845	715	355	360
Europe	23,640	11,900	11,740	10,985	5,335	5,650
Bosnia and Herzegovina	455	215	245	100	55	50
Croatia	445	280	165	60	35	25
France	215	90	125	760	425	340
Germany	2,575	1,280	1,295	1,615	740	880
Greece	605	325	280	95	60	40
Hungary	395	215	180	100	35	65
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	845	490	355	160	75	85
Italy	570	305	265	210	125	85
Netherlands	1,220	585	635	975	505	465
Poland	1,395	690	705	195	90	100
Portugal	220	105	120	130	85	45
Romania	695	335	360	485	245	240
Russian Federation	805	345	460	245	115	135
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	585	305	280	30	25	10
Ukraine	3,280	1,630	1,650	250	120	130
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	7,020	3,520	3,505	4,600	2,160	2,445
Other places of birth in Europe	2,320	1,195	1,125	970	455	515
Africa	10,285	5,360	4,925	2,565	1,420	1,140
Algeria	50	35	15	165	90	75
Egypt	435	230	205	120	75	45
Ethiopia	635	285	355	120	65	60
Kenya	425	225	200	60	30	30
Morocco	180	95	80	200	120	75
Nigeria	1,695	845	855	115	65	50
Somalia	635	335	300	15	10	10
South Africa, Republic of	1,775	920	855	165	85	80
Other places of birth in Africa	4,455	2,390	2,065	1,615	885	725
Asia	67,120	33,175	33,945	10,625	5,105	5,520
Afghanistan	515	230	285	20	10	0
Bangladesh	2,575	1,365	1,210	100	55	50
China^{Census data footnote 59}	7,485	3,445	4,035	2,210	1,040	1,175
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	765	370	400	120	60	55
India	9,630	5,190	4,435	820	435	380
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	785	465	325	490	260	230
Iraq	1,175	625	550	70	25	45
Japan	265	65	200	90	15	75
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	1,120	475	645	1,495	775	720
Lebanon	255	160	90	390	225	165
Pakistan	6,860	3,575	3,280	225	130	95
Philippines	26,860	12,655	14,210	1,340	475	870
Sri Lanka	440	235	205	40	15	30
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	1,155	610	550	1,225	605	620
Taiwan	180	80	100	80	25	55
Viet Nam	2,615	1,340	1,280	720	355	365
Other places of birth in Asia	4,425	2,290	2,140	1,195	600	595
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	675	350	325	220	110	110
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	47,935	23,880	24,055	9,325	4,555	4,775
Americas	2,320	1,090	1,230	900	430	475
Brazil	45	10	35	20	10	10
Colombia	115	55	65	40	20	15
Cuba	35	20	15	10	10	10
Haiti	10	10	0	45	15	30
Jamaica	405	230	180	40	25	10
Mexico	435	215	225	25	10	20
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	745	330	420	585	285	300
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	35	10	30	25	10	20
Other places of birth in Americas	490	220	270	110	45	70
Europe	4,855	2,405	2,455	1,405	695	710
France	50	15	45	300	165	130
Germany	190	105	80	85	45	45
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	525	315	205	30	15	15
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	100	50	50	25	10	20
Romania	95	35	60	245	130	120
Russian Federation	220	85	135	90	35	55
Ukraine	1,320	550	770	100	50	50
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	855	495	355	240	145	100
Other places of birth in Europe	1,505	755	750	280	105	180
Africa	4,405	2,315	2,085	975	550	425
Algeria	0	0	0	15	20	0
Cameroon	70	35	30	45	35	10
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	245	145	100	155	75	80
Côte d'Ivoire	15	15	0	10	0	0
Egypt	160	75	85	40	20	20
Eritrea	305	145	160	35	15	25
Ethiopia	190	110	85	45	20	25
Morocco	90	40	45	40	30	10
Nigeria	1,035	525	520	40	15	25
Somalia	300	170	125	10	0	10
South Africa, Republic of	550	285	265	35	20	15
Tunisia	85	45	40	50	30	20
Other places of birth in Africa	1,360	725	635	455	265	185
Asia	36,205	17,980	18,225	6,015	2,865	3,150
Afghanistan	125	45	85	0	0	0
Bangladesh	1,495	780	720	25	10	15
China^{Census data footnote 59}	3,345	1,595	1,750	1,390	690	700
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	75	35	40	10	10	0
India	6,150	3,315	2,840	265	140	125
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	330	180	150	255	130	125
Iraq	405	200	205	45	20	25
Israel	95	55	35	200	90	110
Japan	40	10	35	15	0	15
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	475	195	280	600	290	310
Lebanon	80	50	30	130	75	55
Nepal	235	145	90	45	15	35
Pakistan	3,460	1,780	1,680	70	40	30
Philippines	16,615	7,905	8,715	925	345	580
Saudi Arabia	125	90	30	45	40	10
Sri Lanka	145	85	60	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	1,105	585	520	1,145	550	595
Taiwan	60	30	30	10	0	0
Turkey	80	45	35	45	40	10
United Arab Emirates	85	55	30	30	20	10
Viet Nam	855	415	445	500	250	255
Other places of birth in Asia	815	395	420	265	100	160
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	150	90	60	40	25	15
Australia	85	55	30	20	10	10
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	65	30	30	20	10	10
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	1,070,560	533,385	537,175	730,710	357,855	372,850
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	127,720	64,125	63,595	41,395	20,445	20,955
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	129,250	62,550	66,705	43,370	21,150	22,220
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	813,580	406,710	406,870	645,945	316,270	329,675
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	96,750	48,140	48,610	22,665	11,085	11,575
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	66,930	34,420	32,510	13,205	6,735	6,470
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	26,475	17,690	8,790	5,115	3,595	1,520
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	40,455	16,735	23,725	8,090	3,140	4,950
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	16,835	6,740	10,095	6,100	2,625	3,475
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	12,625	6,810	5,820	3,240	1,675	1,570
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	350	170	185	110	55	60
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	1,070,555	533,385	537,175	730,710	357,860	372,855
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	175,020	84,730	90,290	29,385	14,690	14,695
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	172,810	83,750	89,055	28,160	14,120	14,040
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	114,570	55,275	59,290	17,575	8,555	9,015
Métis	57,880	28,325	29,550	10,200	5,370	4,835
Inuk (Inuit)	360	145	215	385	190	190
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	1,305	605	705	470	210	260
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	905	375	530	750	360	390
Non-Aboriginal identity	895,535	448,655	446,885	701,325	343,170	358,155
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	1,070,555	533,385	537,170	730,705	357,855	372,850
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	110,370	52,930	57,440	14,305	7,085	7,225
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	960,190	480,455	479,735	716,405	350,775	365,625
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	1,070,555	533,385	537,175	730,710	357,860	372,850
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	98,315	47,665	50,650	12,785	6,335	6,450
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	94,565	45,900	48,665	12,495	6,175	6,320
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	84,015	40,960	43,055	10,635	5,200	5,435
Métis single ancestry	10,465	4,905	5,560	1,695	900	800
Inuit single ancestry	85	40	50	165	75	85
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	3,750	1,765	1,985	290	165	130
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	3,640	1,705	1,935	235	125	110
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	70	30	40	25	15	15
Métis and Inuit ancestries	20	15	10	20	20	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	15	15	0	10	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	79,035	38,120	40,915	33,795	16,295	17,500
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	72,560	35,130	37,430	32,505	15,690	16,815
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	36,680	17,715	18,960	24,255	11,640	12,615
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	35,545	17,265	18,285	7,765	3,810	3,955
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	335	150	180	480	240	245
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	6,480	2,990	3,485	1,295	600	690
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	6,355	2,930	3,420	1,165	540	630
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	80	40	45	60	30	30
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	15	0	10	40	20	25
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	30	15	15	25	15	10
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	893,205	447,595	445,610	684,125	335,230	348,895
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	1,070,560	533,385	537,170	730,710	357,855	372,850
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	115,875	58,810	57,065	24,535	12,470	12,070
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	29,960	16,065	13,895	2,535	1,385	1,150
Chinese	15,545	7,545	7,995	3,925	1,970	1,955
Black	14,925	7,845	7,085	7,000	3,540	3,460
Filipino	32,340	15,540	16,795	1,980	835	1,145
Latin American	4,195	2,095	2,095	1,285	650	635
Arab	4,300	2,385	1,915	2,960	1,650	1,310
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	5,745	2,940	2,800	1,230	600	630
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	2,065	1,100	965	730	415	320
Korean	1,875	795	1,085	1,685	885	800
Japanese	955	420	530	230	70	160
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	1,150	605	545	305	135	175
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	2,820	1,460	1,355	675	345	330
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	954,685	474,575	480,110	706,170	345,385	360,785
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	1,070,560	533,385	537,170	730,705	357,860	372,850
North American Aboriginal origins	177,355	85,790	91,565	46,585	22,625	23,955
First Nations (North American Indian)	130,880	63,405	67,475	36,405	17,570	18,840
Inuit	650	305	345	830	420	410
Métis	56,090	26,860	29,235	10,960	5,435	5,530
Other North American origins	230,620	115,250	115,370	428,865	209,615	219,250
Acadian	485	270	215	29,505	14,455	15,060
American	13,455	6,410	7,045	7,175	3,575	3,605
Canadian	220,960	110,550	110,410	407,370	199,020	208,350
New Brunswicker	10	10	0	240	135	105
Newfoundlander	130	65	60	445	190	250
Nova Scotian	25	10	20	65	40	25
Ontarian	20	20	10	0	0	10
Québécois	240	100	140	770	410	365
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	85	35	55	20	20	0
European origins	759,080	375,755	383,325	424,850	206,715	218,135
British Isles origins	427,735	210,345	217,390	314,655	151,970	162,690
Channel Islander	10	0	0	125	45	85
Cornish	35	15	20	45	25	20
English	253,205	123,490	129,715	168,205	80,795	87,415
Irish	155,725	74,480	81,245	147,245	69,515	77,730
Manx	250	120	130	45	40	10
Scottish	193,330	94,500	98,825	134,455	64,400	70,055
Welsh	17,790	8,510	9,280	10,110	4,825	5,290
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	16,095	7,900	8,190	10,640	4,885	5,755
French origins	125,810	60,920	64,890	163,270	79,105	84,165
Alsatian	10	10	10	15	10	0
Breton	25	10	15	55	30	30
Corsican	15	0	15	0	0	0
French	125,775	60,910	64,870	163,245	79,090	84,155
Western European origins (except French origins)	336,715	166,380	170,340	49,825	24,100	25,725
Austrian	17,565	8,670	8,895	1,000	530	475
Bavarian	50	45	0	0	0	0
Belgian	9,660	4,745	4,915	1,470	650	815
Dutch	36,230	17,500	18,730	15,230	7,290	7,945
Flemish	805	415	395	100	65	40
Frisian	70	35	35	40	25	15
German	296,385	146,600	149,780	34,205	16,575	17,630
Luxembourger	500	275	225	0	10	0
Swiss	4,710	2,370	2,340	1,145	545	595
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	35	25	15	35	20	15
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	115,995	56,380	59,615	10,400	5,080	5,320
Danish	11,530	5,605	5,935	3,960	1,885	2,075
Finnish	5,400	2,585	2,815	465	235	225
Icelandic	8,255	4,055	4,205	250	135	115
Norwegian	68,640	33,310	35,335	3,330	1,650	1,680
Swedish	32,815	15,630	17,185	2,010	1,010	1,005
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	3,530	1,735	1,790	820	410	410
Eastern European origins	243,055	119,620	123,435	11,590	5,600	5,995
Bulgarian	355	190	160	155	60	100
Byelorussian	290	150	140	85	45	40
Czech	4,960	2,545	2,415	435	215	225
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	2,765	1,270	1,495	175	80	100
Estonian	265	150	115	100	35	60
Hungarian	27,885	13,730	14,155	1,280	615	665
Latvian	535	265	265	185	105	80
Lithuanian	1,045	550	500	325	165	160
Moldovan	345	145	200	35	20	15
Polish	59,950	28,680	31,275	3,445	1,670	1,780
Romanian	12,730	6,215	6,515	945	485	460
Russian	39,395	19,620	19,775	2,260	1,015	1,245
Slovak	1,390	750	645	250	130	125
Ukrainian	143,700	70,670	73,025	3,535	1,750	1,785
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	255	115	135	70	25	45
Southern European origins	27,415	13,420	13,995	13,450	6,560	6,890
Albanian	605	310	290	120	65	55
Bosnian	515	260	260	120	65	55
Catalan	15	10	10	10	10	0
Croatian	2,570	1,295	1,275	310	120	190
Cypriot	45	35	10	30	20	10
Greek	2,880	1,475	1,400	950	485	465
Italian	11,310	5,585	5,725	7,460	3,615	3,845
Kosovar	30	25	10	0	0	0
Macedonian	110	45	65	80	35	45
Maltese	125	65	60	115	45	65
Montenegrin	85	40	40	20	20	0
Portuguese	1,885	850	1,035	1,785	840	945
Serbian	1,300	670	630	130	90	35
Sicilian	100	75	25	15	10	0
Slovenian	640	275	365	130	60	60
Spanish	5,670	2,615	3,050	2,555	1,220	1,330
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	1,065	535	525	120	55	65
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	35	0	30	20	10	10
Other European origins	3,885	2,075	1,805	1,805	960	840
Basque	50	40	10	90	50	40
Jewish	1,725	905	815	785	410	375
Roma (Gypsy)	165	85	80	30	20	15
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	200	95	105	30	10	15
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	1,755	965	790	875	480	395
Caribbean origins	3,810	2,005	1,805	2,275	1,045	1,230
Antiguan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bahamian	15	10	0	35	15	15
Barbadian	110	45	60	100	60	40
Bermudan	20	20	0	130	40	90
Carib	10	0	10	10	0	0
Cuban	185	125	55	235	135	100
Dominican	115	75	45	80	35	40
Grenadian	60	25	30	20	0	15
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	35	20	15
Haitian	110	75	40	305	140	160
Jamaican	2,250	1,200	1,050	750	350	395
Kittitian/Nevisian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Martinican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montserratan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	55	15	40	85	40	40
St. Lucian	45	15	25	15	10	10
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	415	215	200	150	70	75
Vincentian/Grenadinian	30	20	0	45	10	35
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	355	135	225	245	110	135
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	190	90	100	185	65	120
Latin, Central and South American origins	6,695	3,295	3,400	2,135	1,110	1,025
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	300	150	150	65	40	25
Arawak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	160	60	95	30	10	20
Belizean	55	35	15	0	0	10
Bolivian	45	30	15	55	35	20
Brazilian	305	150	155	60	15	45
Chilean	860	450	415	95	40	55
Colombian	705	335	370	265	105	160
Costa Rican	50	15	35	30	15	15
Ecuadorian	105	70	30	30	20	10
Guatemalan	270	135	140	125	40	85
Guyanese	185	110	75	115	50	70
Hispanic	125	75	50	75	35	35
Honduran	95	45	50	50	20	25
Maya	140	75	65	90	45	45
Mexican	2,125	1,060	1,065	700	395	300
Nicaraguan	140	50	90	20	20	0
Panamanian	15	0	10	15	15	0
Paraguayan	40	30	10	0	0	0
Peruvian	295	120	175	90	45	45
Salvadorean	765	350	415	135	95	40
Uruguayan	65	20	40	10	0	0
Venezuelan	55	30	30	60	35	30
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	320	165	160	110	65	50
African origins	16,170	8,480	7,690	6,705	3,535	3,170
Central and West African origins	4,440	2,355	2,090	1,835	1,045	790
Akan	115	80	40	20	10	10
Angolan	10	0	10	25	10	10
Ashanti	10	10	0	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	0	10	0
Burkinabe	20	15	10	75	50	30
Cameroonian	205	90	110	150	110	40
Chadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congolese	530	290	240	415	250	165
Edo	40	20	15	10	0	0
Ewe	10	0	0	0	0	0
Gabonese	0	0	0	15	10	0
Gambian	40	20	15	0	0	0
Ghanaian	555	320	235	90	55	35
Guinean	25	20	10	175	125	50
Ibo	485	275	215	80	55	25
Ivorian	75	35	45	60	30	30
Liberian	85	25	60	80	45	35
Malian	30	15	15	125	55	65
Malinké	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	1,715	875	835	230	115	115
Peulh	0	0	0	40	25	20
Senegalese	20	15	10	105	45	60
Sierra Leonean	40	25	10	20	0	20
Togolese	55	35	20	40	20	25
Wolof	0	10	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	520	270	255	50	25	25
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	235	115	125	225	135	90
North African origins	2,190	1,210	980	1,200	705	495
Algerian	70	50	15	190	90	90
Berber	55	45	15	180	105	70
Coptic	40	15	20	0	0	0
Dinka	35	20	15	0	0	0
Egyptian	535	290	245	210	130	80
Libyan	205	115	85	185	85	100
Maure	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moroccan	220	110	115	365	255	115
Sudanese	935	515	420	15	10	10
Tunisian	105	60	50	140	80	60
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	40	30	10	15	10	10
Southern and East African origins	6,320	3,210	3,110	1,050	565	485
Afrikaner	60	35	30	0	0	0
Amhara	20	10	10	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	45	30	10	30	25	0
Burundian	300	155	145	105	55	50
Djiboutian	10	10	10	0	0	0
Eritrean	1,130	540	590	115	80	40
Ethiopian	675	335	345	180	105	70
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	190	95	95	10	0	0
Malagasy	10	0	10	60	20	35
Mauritian	205	90	110	0	10	0
Oromo	140	65	75	30	10	20
Rwandan	80	20	60	105	50	55
Seychellois	10	10	0	10	0	10
Somali	1,275	635	635	30	25	0
South African	1,295	680	615	225	95	130
Tanzanian	55	35	20	0	0	0
Tigrian	45	30	15	0	0	0
Ugandan	90	40	50	25	15	15
Zambian	190	90	100	25	10	15
Zimbabwean	260	170	90	60	30	30
Zulu	35	30	10	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	535	300	240	80	40	40
Other African origins	3,605	1,940	1,665	2,850	1,360	1,485
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	345	190	160	385	140	245
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	3,290	1,770	1,525	2,475	1,225	1,245
Asian origins	99,125	49,845	49,280	19,410	9,775	9,635
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	9,415	5,015	4,400	6,835	3,590	3,240
Afghan	780	390	385	25	10	20
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	1,175	645	530	590	300	295
Armenian	240	130	115	115	60	50
Assyrian	215	120	95	15	10	0
Azerbaijani	50	25	25	10	0	10
Georgian	35	20	10	10	10	10
Hazara	25	10	20	0	0	0
Iranian	1,345	740	600	665	365	305
Iraqi	1,290	690	605	105	50	55
Israeli	120	75	50	175	85	90
Jordanian	75	40	30	180	105	75
Kazakh	30	15	15	0	10	0
Kurd	200	110	90	80	45	30
Kuwaiti	10	0	0	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	30	10	20	0	0	0
Lebanese	1,360	660	700	2,825	1,435	1,395
Palestinian	120	60	55	75	40	30
Pashtun	175	100	75	20	10	10
Saudi Arabian	110	80	30	85	65	20
Syrian	1,365	740	625	1,685	865	825
Tajik	10	10	0	0	0	0
Tatar	60	25	35	25	10	15
Turk	860	450	405	235	150	85
Turkmen	20	10	10	10	15	0
Uighur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	70	15	50	40	25	10
Yemeni	45	20	20	35	20	15
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	265	130	130	50	35	15
South Asian origins	29,830	15,955	13,870	2,975	1,590	1,385
Bangladeshi	2,040	1,090	945	150	95	55
Bengali	600	350	250	50	40	10
Bhutanese	210	110	100	35	20	15
East Indian	18,695	10,090	8,600	2,150	1,105	1,045
Goan	45	25	15	0	0	0
Gujarati	195	105	95	0	0	0
Kashmiri	115	75	40	10	0	0
Nepali	565	320	245	160	75	90
Pakistani	6,255	3,220	3,035	255	160	100
Punjabi	1,425	790	635	45	35	15
Sinhalese	65	30	30	15	0	10
Sri Lankan	515	290	225	100	45	55
Tamil	120	65	55	25	15	10
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	1,075	545	530	85	50	35
East and Southeast Asian origins	60,010	28,955	31,060	9,640	4,610	5,030
Burmese	465	210	260	25	15	10
Cambodian (Khmer)	305	165	145	60	30	30
Chinese	19,075	9,300	9,780	4,480	2,230	2,250
Filipino	33,630	16,200	17,425	2,130	870	1,265
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	220	115	105	100	30	65
Japanese	1,220	530	690	305	115	185
Karen	585	290	290	65	30	35
Korean	2,025	870	1,155	1,675	875	795
Laotian	705	335	380	0	10	0
Malaysian	160	75	80	30	15	15
Mongolian	205	105	100	45	30	15
Singaporean	10	0	10	10	10	0
Taiwanese	265	115	155	60	30	30
Thai	420	170	250	100	30	70
Tibetan	50	35	25	0	0	0
Vietnamese	3,690	1,885	1,800	885	450	435
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	95	40	55	10	0	10
Other Asian origins	735	340	390	110	70	45
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	735	345	385	115	65	45
Oceania origins	1,430	760	665	470	210	260
Australian	890	505	385	290	120	165
New Zealander	265	140	125	135	70	70
Pacific Islands origins	310	140	170	55	30	20
Fijian	110	60	50	0	0	0
Hawaiian	25	10	10	30	10	15
Maori	45	0	35	10	10	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	25	15	10	10	0	10
Samoan	55	25	30	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	60	25	35	10	10	0
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	432,620	...	...	319,770	...	...
Owner	311,470	...	...	238,040	...	...
Renter	109,685	...	...	79,865	...	...
Band housing	11,470	...	...	1,865	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	432,620	...	...	319,770	...	...
Condominium	41,960	...	...	10,580	...	...
Not condominium	390,660	...	...	309,195	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	432,625	...	...	319,775	...	...
No bedrooms	1,290	...	...	680	...	...
1 bedroom	40,600	...	...	28,370	...	...
2 bedrooms	97,340	...	...	88,115	...	...
3 bedrooms	148,060	...	...	125,865	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	145,330	...	...	76,745	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	432,620	...	...	319,770	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	92,375	...	...	66,540	...	...
5 rooms	67,645	...	...	56,365	...	...
6 rooms	64,215	...	...	54,070	...	...
7 rooms	57,945	...	...	45,825	...	...
8 or more rooms	150,440	...	...	96,970	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.7	...	...	6.5	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	432,625	...	...	319,770	...	...
One person or fewer per room	422,915	...	...	318,195	...	...
More than 1 person per room	9,705	...	...	1,575	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	432,620	...	...	319,770	...	...
Suitable	412,220	...	...	312,370	...	...
Not suitable	20,410	...	...	7,405	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	432,620	...	...	319,770	...	...
1960 or before	101,805	...	...	76,690	...	...
1961 to 1980	150,440	...	...	98,720	...	...
1981 to 1990	62,270	...	...	45,630	...	...
1991 to 2000	33,495	...	...	39,825	...	...
2001 to 2005	17,905	...	...	19,090	...	...
2006 to 2010	28,610	...	...	22,530	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	38,095	...	...	17,290	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	432,625	...	...	319,770	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	395,105	...	...	293,155	...	...
Major repairs needed	37,520	...	...	26,625	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	432,620	...	...	319,770	...	...
1 household maintainer	261,245	...	...	195,585	...	...
2 household maintainers	162,550	...	...	120,195	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	8,825	...	...	3,995	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	432,625	...	...	319,775	...	...
15 to 24 years	18,235	...	...	10,375	...	...
25 to 34 years	72,225	...	...	38,585	...	...
35 to 44 years	73,675	...	...	50,050	...	...
45 to 54 years	77,920	...	...	61,860	...	...
55 to 64 years	84,110	...	...	68,145	...	...
65 to 74 years	56,280	...	...	53,435	...	...
75 to 84 years	34,845	...	...	27,655	...	...
85 years and over	15,340	...	...	9,675	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	396,790	...	...	314,325	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	316,505	...	...	261,385	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	80,295	...	...	52,935	...	...
30% to less than 100%	70,690	...	...	47,190	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	289,805	...	...	235,950	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	57.9	...	...	55.9	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	12.1	...	...	10.3	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,001	...	...	741	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,178	...	...	876	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	299,606	...	...	150,010	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	318,917	...	...	170,071	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	107,535	...	...	79,370	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	21.4	...	...	14.4	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	42.1	...	...	36.5	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	965	...	...	704	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,021	...	...	741	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	857,295	424,265	433,035	620,395	301,650	318,745
No certificate, diploma or degree	177,210	96,680	80,530	136,745	71,600	65,140
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	261,210	133,730	127,480	176,750	85,345	91,405
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	418,880	193,855	225,025	306,895	144,700	162,200
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	89,440	64,100	25,340	56,595	39,965	16,630
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	38,045	21,495	16,550	29,630	17,320	12,315
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	51,395	42,605	8,790	26,965	22,645	4,320
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	146,770	51,240	95,530	135,065	56,055	79,005
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	28,195	10,790	17,405	11,610	3,995	7,620
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	154,480	67,730	86,745	103,630	44,685	58,945
Bachelor's degree	112,760	47,490	65,270	73,330	30,165	43,165
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	7,635	3,400	4,235	6,735	2,795	3,935
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	4,830	2,580	2,245	2,755	1,600	1,160
Master's degree	24,375	11,095	13,275	17,745	8,170	9,585
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	4,880	3,155	1,725	3,065	1,955	1,110
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	566,245	282,510	283,735	400,785	194,715	206,070
No certificate, diploma or degree	69,200	42,050	27,150	55,645	32,390	23,260
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	168,035	88,530	79,505	114,330	56,430	57,895
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	329,005	151,930	177,075	230,810	105,890	124,915
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	66,955	48,885	18,075	37,710	26,335	11,375
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	27,765	16,095	11,670	19,900	11,430	8,475
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	39,190	32,785	6,400	17,805	14,905	2,900
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	115,085	41,085	74,000	104,595	43,695	60,900
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	19,380	7,775	11,605	7,685	2,660	5,020
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	127,585	54,190	73,395	80,825	33,195	47,625
Bachelor's degree	92,905	38,180	54,730	57,560	23,115	34,450
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	5,890	2,525	3,365	5,160	1,920	3,240
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	4,065	1,995	2,070	2,190	1,110	1,080
Master's degree	20,975	9,170	11,805	13,730	5,770	7,960
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	3,750	2,320	1,435	2,190	1,285	905
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	857,295	424,265	433,030	620,395	301,645	318,745
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	438,420	230,405	208,005	313,495	156,945	156,545
Education	40,995	10,635	30,355	25,570	6,725	18,845
13. Education	40,990	10,635	30,350	25,565	6,720	18,845
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	8,870	4,150	4,720	6,140	2,800	3,335
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	2,015	1,455	560	1,155	905	250
50. Visual and performing arts	6,850	2,690	4,160	4,990	1,900	3,085
Humanities	15,400	6,905	8,495	12,430	5,245	7,190
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	1,030	260	770	1,040	255	785
23. English language and literature/letters	3,180	990	2,190	2,395	715	1,675
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	3,105	1,185	1,920	3,055	1,065	1,990
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	35	0	30	55	20	35
38. Philosophy and religious studies	1,180	695	480	725	455	270
39. Theology and religious vocations	4,700	2,645	2,050	2,150	1,325	825
54. History	1,760	1,000	760	2,190	1,185	1,005
55. French language and literature/letters	425	120	300	830	220	605
Social and behavioural sciences and law	30,500	10,015	20,485	23,780	6,945	16,835
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	750	185	565	190	35	155
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	2,060	905	1,160	1,725	710	1,015
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	6,805	425	6,380	6,015	305	5,710
22. Legal professions and studies	5,410	1,930	3,480	3,935	1,325	2,615
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	465	155	310	420	95	325
42. Psychology	5,555	1,480	4,075	5,075	1,355	3,725
45. Social sciences	9,455	4,940	4,510	6,420	3,120	3,300
Business, management and public administration	85,800	25,105	60,695	67,605	19,470	48,135
30.16 Accounting and computer science	240	50	190	230	35	190
44. Public administration and social service professions	8,250	1,710	6,545	5,670	1,010	4,660
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	77,310	23,350	53,960	61,705	18,425	43,285
Physical and life sciences and technologies	11,455	5,905	5,550	7,625	3,930	3,700
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	5,675	2,515	3,160	3,320	1,525	1,800
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	1,395	725	670	1,845	825	1,025
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	105	25	80	130	30	100
40. Physical sciences	3,240	2,265	970	1,720	1,265	455
41. Science technologies/technicians	1,045	375	670	610	285	325
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	11,695	7,040	4,655	11,275	7,185	4,095
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	9,390	6,135	3,250	9,975	6,640	3,335
25. Library science	990	85	905	620	95	525
27. Mathematics and statistics	1,145	700	445	620	395	225
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	170	110	55	55	45	10
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	93,145	86,660	6,485	70,800	67,070	3,735
04. Architecture and related services	1,520	960	560	500	365	140
14. Engineering	14,090	11,790	2,300	8,020	7,015	1,010
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	13,790	12,290	1,505	13,010	11,575	1,430
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	24,650	23,840	810	18,910	18,555	350
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	26,325	25,535	790	20,075	19,570	505
48. Precision production	12,765	12,240	525	10,290	9,985	300
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	16,655	12,040	4,615	6,370	4,715	1,650
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	13,585	9,885	3,705	2,970	1,840	1,130
03. Natural resources and conservation	3,075	2,160	910	3,395	2,875	520
Health and related fields	74,750	12,215	62,530	49,795	7,490	42,305
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	4,340	2,030	2,315	2,770	1,325	1,445
51. Health professions and related programs	69,090	9,460	59,630	46,160	5,600	40,550
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	1,315	725	590	870	565	305
Personal, protective and transportation services	29,585	13,165	16,420	25,460	13,110	12,355
12. Personal and culinary services	18,450	3,845	14,605	13,835	2,735	11,095
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	10	10	105	95	10
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	175	160	20	390	355	40
43. Security and protective services	5,070	3,705	1,360	4,665	3,795	875
49. Transportation and materials moving	5,880	5,450	430	6,465	6,135	325
Other	40	20	20	50	25	25
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	40	20	20	45	25	20
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	566,245	282,510	283,730	400,780	194,710	206,070
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	237,235	130,580	106,660	169,970	88,820	81,150
Education	28,195	6,885	21,310	16,350	3,830	12,520
13. Education	28,195	6,885	21,310	16,350	3,835	12,515
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	7,175	3,350	3,825	4,690	2,140	2,550
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	1,550	1,100	450	830	630	200
50. Visual and performing arts	5,630	2,250	3,380	3,860	1,510	2,350
Humanities	11,760	5,110	6,650	8,810	3,450	5,360
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	825	205	620	820	195	625
23. English language and literature/letters	2,470	745	1,735	1,725	490	1,235
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	2,515	910	1,605	2,125	650	1,475
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	30	10	25	35	10	30
38. Philosophy and religious studies	920	540	380	500	295	215
39. Theology and religious vocations	3,345	1,905	1,435	1,460	860	595
54. History	1,365	725	640	1,630	855	775
55. French language and literature/letters	285	75	205	520	100	420
Social and behavioural sciences and law	25,830	8,205	17,625	18,970	5,210	13,760
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	670	165	505	135	20	115
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	1,870	800	1,065	1,500	630	870
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	5,680	350	5,330	4,685	235	4,450
22. Legal professions and studies	4,735	1,550	3,185	3,280	940	2,340
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	370	120	250	335	70	260
42. Psychology	4,335	1,055	3,280	4,015	980	3,035
45. Social sciences	8,175	4,160	4,010	5,015	2,330	2,680
Business, management and public administration	69,300	20,470	48,835	52,915	15,055	37,860
30.16 Accounting and computer science	195	35	165	215	40	175
44. Public administration and social service professions	6,795	1,230	5,570	4,505	735	3,770
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	62,310	19,205	43,105	48,190	14,280	33,915
Physical and life sciences and technologies	8,985	4,575	4,405	5,620	2,710	2,905
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	4,490	1,995	2,495	2,580	1,135	1,445
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	1,085	530	550	1,275	540	730
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	95	25	70	110	20	95
40. Physical sciences	2,545	1,700	845	1,185	820	370
41. Science technologies/technicians	770	320	450	465	195	270
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	10,235	6,210	4,030	9,710	6,285	3,425
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	8,590	5,615	2,970	8,815	5,910	2,905
25. Library science	730	60	670	415	70	345
27. Mathematics and statistics	760	430	335	430	265	170
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	160	105	55	55	50	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	72,720	67,225	5,500	51,150	47,940	3,210
04. Architecture and related services	1,215	745	470	395	270	120
14. Engineering	11,685	9,635	2,045	6,230	5,295	935
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	11,195	9,865	1,330	10,405	9,135	1,270
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	18,905	18,275	630	13,110	12,825	290
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	19,855	19,240	620	14,025	13,635	395
48. Precision production	9,865	9,460	410	6,980	6,770	210
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	13,365	9,360	4,005	5,010	3,575	1,430
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	10,720	7,545	3,175	2,355	1,395	960
03. Natural resources and conservation	2,645	1,815	835	2,655	2,185	470
Health and related fields	57,985	9,720	48,265	38,135	5,850	32,285
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	3,520	1,635	1,890	2,145	1,060	1,085
51. Health professions and related programs	53,345	7,510	45,835	35,295	4,385	30,905
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	1,120	580	545	695	405	285
Personal, protective and transportation services	23,415	10,820	12,600	19,415	9,810	9,600
12. Personal and culinary services	14,320	3,175	11,155	10,520	1,945	8,575
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	10	0	95	85	10
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	100	95	0	220	190	35
43. Security and protective services	4,055	2,955	1,105	3,460	2,760	705
49. Transportation and materials moving	4,935	4,590	340	5,115	4,835	285
Other	35	15	20	45	25	20
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	35	10	20	40	25	15
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	857,300	424,265	433,035	620,390	301,650	318,745
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	438,415	230,410	208,005	313,495	156,945	156,545
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	418,880	193,855	225,025	306,900	144,700	162,200
Location of study inside Canada	366,620	167,715	198,905	290,645	136,490	154,155
Same as province or territory of residence	293,455	130,990	162,465	229,835	106,610	123,230
Different than province or territory of residence	73,165	36,725	36,445	60,810	29,880	30,925
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	52,260	26,140	26,120	16,255	8,205	8,050
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	7,230	3,670	3,560	5,360	2,675	2,685
Philippines	13,980	6,230	7,750	920	285	635
India	6,215	3,280	2,930	460	230	230
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	3,250	1,830	1,420	1,995	1,175	815
China^{Census data footnote 162}	2,730	1,295	1,435	1,105	550	555
France	220	125	95	660	370	290
Other	18,630	9,705	8,925	5,755	2,920	2,835
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	566,245	282,510	283,735	400,785	194,715	206,070
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	237,235	130,580	106,660	169,970	88,815	81,155
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	329,010	151,930	177,075	230,815	105,895	124,920
Location of study inside Canada	283,450	129,445	154,005	218,710	100,175	118,535
Same as province or territory of residence	225,420	100,405	125,010	172,760	78,520	94,240
Different than province or territory of residence	58,035	29,035	28,995	45,950	21,660	24,295
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	45,560	22,490	23,070	12,105	5,715	6,380
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	5,210	2,495	2,715	3,460	1,555	1,905
Philippines	13,335	5,950	7,385	875	260	615
India	5,560	2,935	2,625	345	160	180
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	2,180	1,275	905	1,070	575	490
China^{Census data footnote 162}	2,520	1,180	1,345	1,025	475	550
France	200	115	85	525	300	225
Other	16,555	8,540	8,015	4,800	2,390	2,415
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	857,295	424,260	433,035	620,390	301,650	318,745
In the labour force	585,540	311,110	274,430	381,790	197,005	184,790
Employed	544,095	286,330	257,760	339,045	170,050	168,995
Unemployed	41,445	24,775	16,665	42,745	26,950	15,795
Not in the labour force	271,760	113,155	158,605	238,600	104,645	133,955
Participation rate	68.3	73.3	63.4	61.5	65.3	58.0
Employment rate	63.5	67.5	59.5	54.7	56.4	53.0
Unemployment rate	7.1	8.0	6.1	11.2	13.7	8.5
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	857,295	424,260	433,030	620,390	301,645	318,745
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	242,835	100,140	142,695	217,930	94,105	123,825
Worked	614,460	324,130	290,335	402,465	207,540	194,920
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	313,945	180,260	133,690	201,230	106,785	94,450
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	300,515	143,870	156,650	201,225	100,760	100,475
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.6	43.1	41.9	41.0	40.6	41.5
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	585,535	311,110	274,425	381,795	197,000	184,790
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	10,230	5,205	5,020	7,320	3,790	3,530
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	575,310	305,900	269,405	374,470	193,210	181,260
Employee	490,180	250,460	239,710	342,685	173,560	169,125
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	85,130	55,440	29,695	31,785	19,655	12,130
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	585,535	311,105	274,430	381,790	197,005	184,790
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	10,225	5,205	5,020	7,320	3,790	3,530
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	575,310	305,905	269,410	374,470	193,215	181,255
0 Management occupations	81,060	54,030	27,035	34,015	20,605	13,415
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	80,640	20,280	60,355	52,695	14,200	38,495
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	28,325	21,685	6,640	20,705	16,300	4,405
3 Health occupations	41,675	6,510	35,170	30,730	4,870	25,865
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	64,685	19,715	44,970	45,640	15,355	30,285
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	10,760	4,025	6,735	6,610	2,925	3,685
6 Sales and service occupations	124,090	50,165	73,920	91,035	36,535	54,505
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	99,755	93,540	6,215	59,925	57,015	2,910
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	28,155	22,590	5,565	14,485	12,280	2,205
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	16,165	13,370	2,800	18,620	13,130	5,495
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	585,540	311,105	274,430	381,795	197,000	184,790
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	10,225	5,200	5,020	7,320	3,790	3,530
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	575,310	305,905	269,410	374,470	193,210	181,260
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	51,255	36,820	14,440	15,135	12,025	3,115
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	23,070	20,040	3,025	4,345	3,765	580
22 Utilities	5,395	3,780	1,610	3,350	2,615	735
23 Construction	49,310	43,460	5,850	27,795	25,195	2,595
31-33 Manufacturing	26,710	21,000	5,710	32,405	23,215	9,195
41 Wholesale trade	20,480	15,325	5,155	11,170	8,180	2,990
44-45 Retail trade	63,360	30,185	33,180	46,180	21,220	24,950
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	24,755	19,385	5,370	17,680	13,295	4,390
51 Information and cultural industries	10,005	5,055	4,950	6,615	3,700	2,915
52 Finance and insurance	20,155	6,495	13,655	12,415	4,090	8,325
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	7,650	4,425	3,220	3,830	2,245	1,585
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	25,250	12,985	12,265	17,240	9,485	7,750
55 Management of companies and enterprises	1,340	680	660	345	145	195
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	16,395	9,660	6,735	18,530	10,060	8,475
61 Educational services	45,360	13,670	31,690	26,090	8,180	17,905
62 Health care and social assistance	72,625	11,285	61,335	51,380	7,955	43,430
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	10,545	5,120	5,425	5,950	3,065	2,885
72 Accommodation and food services	37,785	14,295	23,490	24,825	8,460	16,365
81 Other services (except public administration)	25,680	12,590	13,090	17,105	8,365	8,745
91 Public administration	38,180	19,640	18,535	32,090	17,960	14,135
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	544,095	286,330	257,760	339,045	170,050	168,995
Worked at home	59,385	34,110	25,275	19,445	9,485	9,955
Worked outside Canada	840	550	295	1,315	885	430
No fixed workplace address	68,510	54,860	13,650	37,925	28,630	9,300
Worked at usual place	415,355	196,815	218,545	280,360	131,055	149,310
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	415,355	196,815	218,540	280,360	131,055	149,310
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	288,875	131,440	157,430	127,230	57,560	69,670
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	89,420	45,175	44,250	97,230	44,565	52,665
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	28,040	15,365	12,675	50,560	25,155	25,410
Commute to a different province or territory	9,015	4,830	4,185	5,345	3,775	1,565
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	483,865	251,675	232,190	318,285	159,680	158,605
Car, truck, van - as a driver	402,405	216,695	185,705	266,035	135,575	130,460
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	27,960	10,265	17,695	24,455	9,855	14,600
Public transit	13,825	5,380	8,445	7,290	3,600	3,690
Walked	27,120	11,505	15,615	14,650	6,900	7,755
Bicycle	5,475	3,415	2,065	1,210	800	405
Other method	7,075	4,410	2,665	4,645	2,950	1,695
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	483,865	251,675	232,190	318,290	159,680	158,605
Less than 15 minutes	212,525	101,290	111,235	135,690	63,885	71,810
15 to 29 minutes	179,160	95,105	84,055	118,075	58,505	59,570
30 to 44 minutes	53,345	30,035	23,310	39,230	21,385	17,845
45 to 59 minutes	17,630	10,285	7,345	12,945	7,275	5,670
60 minutes and over	21,205	14,960	6,245	12,345	8,635	3,710
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	483,865	251,675	232,190	318,285	159,680	158,605
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	29,630	21,835	7,800	17,850	12,755	5,100
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	88,420	56,715	31,705	51,825	30,905	20,925
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	158,875	83,520	75,355	112,460	55,470	56,990
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	101,065	40,385	60,680	64,235	25,835	38,400
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	41,740	16,680	25,065	25,595	9,415	16,180
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	64,140	32,540	31,600	46,320	25,300	21,020
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	633,325	332,450	300,875	413,695	212,875	200,820
Single responses	630,465	331,130	299,335	395,120	204,270	190,850
Official languages	626,545	329,115	297,435	394,015	203,660	190,355
English	624,555	328,520	296,030	304,775	160,255	144,515
French	1,995	590	1,405	89,240	43,400	45,840
Non-official languages	3,920	2,020	1,895	1,105	615	490
Aboriginal languages	1,540	775	770	255	140	115
Algonquian languages	915	485	435	250	135	110
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	905	470	430	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	95	55	40	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	40	25	20	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	770	395	375	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	255	135	110
Malecite	0	0	0	15	10	10
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	240	135	110
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	15	10	10	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	15	10	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	620	290	340	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	625	285	340	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	625	285	335	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	10	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	2,375	1,245	1,130	855	475	380
Afro-Asiatic languages	115	100	20	160	105	50
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	10	0	10	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	10	0	10	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	110	95	10	160	105	55
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	75	65	0	140	100	45
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	20	20	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	25	10	10
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	10	0	10	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	245	135	115	40	20	20
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	245	135	115	45	20	20
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	205	105	95	15	0	10
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	10	10	10	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	10	0	10	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	185	100	85	15	10	10
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	560	250	305	170	95	80
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	10	10	10
Balto-Slavic languages	100	35	60	30	10	20
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	95	35	60	30	10	20
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian	25	10	10	25	10	15
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	65	20	50	10	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	165	95	65	25	10	15
Afrikaans	30	10	20	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	40	25	20	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	80	50	30	25	10	15
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	10	15	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	10	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	180	75	100	40	30	10
Indo-Aryan languages	160	70	90	0	0	0
Bengali	25	15	10	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	10	0	0	0
Hindi	20	10	10	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	10	0	10	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	40	20	20	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	50	25	30	0	0	0
Iranian languages	20	10	15	35	25	10
Kurdish	0	0	0	15	15	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	25	0	15	25	15	10
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	110	45	70	65	35	25
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romanian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	105	40	60	65	35	30
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	10	0	10	10	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	110	40	70	60	35	25
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	60	35	30	30	20	10
American Sign Language	10	0	10	10	10	10
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	50	30	20	20	20	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,030	560	465	365	185	175
Chinese languages	990	540	450	360	185	175
Cantonese	250	140	105	35	15	25
Hakka	10	0	10	0	0	0
Mandarin	605	310	300	295	150	150
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	135	90	40	30	25	10
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	40	25	20	0	0	0
Burmese	15	10	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	25	20	10	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	15	10	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	10	0	10	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	15	10	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	15	0	0	0	10	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	10	0	10	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	2,860	1,315	1,540	18,575	8,605	9,970
English and French	650	235	410	18,045	8,350	9,695
English and non-official language	2,190	1,065	1,125	475	240	235
French and non-official language	0	0	0	10	0	10
English, French and non-official language	20	15	0	45	15	35
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	633,320	332,445	300,875	413,690	212,875	200,820
None	613,955	323,280	290,670	322,045	167,900	154,150
English	3,515	1,450	2,070	44,925	21,560	23,360
French	3,800	1,675	2,125	44,415	22,175	22,240
Non-official language	11,880	5,960	5,925	2,090	1,115	975
Aboriginal	4,590	2,095	2,490	615	285	330
Non-Aboriginal	7,290	3,860	3,435	1,475	830	645
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	10	0	10	55	20	35
French and non-official language	170	90	85	160	95	65
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	1,055,820	525,975	529,850	724,030	354,435	369,600
Non-movers	905,630	451,665	453,965	641,310	314,280	327,020
Movers	150,195	74,310	75,880	82,720	40,150	42,570
Non-migrants	89,005	43,990	45,015	45,630	21,830	23,800
Migrants	61,185	30,320	30,865	37,090	18,320	18,765
Internal migrants	49,930	24,855	25,075	32,585	15,995	16,585
Intraprovincial migrants	35,965	17,690	18,275	21,995	10,555	11,445
Interprovincial migrants	13,970	7,165	6,805	10,585	5,445	5,140
External migrants	11,255	5,465	5,790	4,505	2,320	2,185
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	998,200	496,505	501,695	696,160	340,310	355,845
Non-movers	602,890	300,715	302,175	480,830	237,150	243,685
Movers	395,310	195,790	199,520	215,325	103,155	112,165
Non-migrants	201,450	99,955	101,495	113,835	53,935	59,900
Migrants	193,860	95,835	98,025	101,490	49,215	52,275
Internal migrants	147,360	72,815	74,540	89,980	43,165	46,815
Intraprovincial migrants	98,780	47,825	50,950	60,645	28,475	32,165
Interprovincial migrants	48,585	24,995	23,590	29,335	14,685	14,650
External migrants	46,500	23,015	23,485	11,510	6,050	5,455

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 35 referrer

Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 36 referrer

Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 37 referrer

Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 38 referrer

Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

Return to footnote 39 referrer

Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 40 referrer

Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Saskatchewan [Province] and New Brunswick [Province] (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 5, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Saskatchewan [Province] and New Brunswick [Province]

Census Profile, 2016 Census Saskatchewan [Province] and New Brunswick [Province]

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Saskatchewan [Province] and New Brunswick [Province]