Census Profile, 2016 Census
Oxbow, Town [Census subdivision], Saskatchewan and Nanaimo, Regional district [Census division], British Columbia

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Oxbow, T Saskatchewan [Census subdivision]			Nanaimo, RD British Columbia [Census division]
	Data quality , Oxbow, Town [Census subdivision], Saskatchewan Map : Oxbow, Town [Census subdivision], Saskatchewan Change geography 1			Data quality : Nanaimo, Regional district [Census division], British Columbia Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	1,328	...	...	155,698	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	1,285	...	...	146,574	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	3.3	...	...	6.2	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	576	...	...	73,622	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	507	...	...	68,904	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	412.6	...	...	76.4	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	3.22	...	...	2,038.04	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	1,325	675	655	155,695	75,340	80,360
0 to 14 years	285	135	150	19,985	10,250	9,735
0 to 4 years	85	45	45	6,240	3,210	3,030
5 to 9 years	110	50	55	6,995	3,585	3,405
10 to 14 years	85	40	50	6,755	3,455	3,295
15 to 64 years	845	450	400	93,625	45,170	48,460
15 to 19 years	100	50	50	7,445	3,860	3,580
20 to 24 years	90	50	40	7,720	3,940	3,785
25 to 29 years	75	40	30	7,605	3,830	3,780
30 to 34 years	110	55	55	8,045	3,905	4,140
35 to 39 years	80	40	40	7,670	3,710	3,955
40 to 44 years	100	55	50	8,060	3,910	4,150
45 to 49 years	90	50	40	9,145	4,325	4,820
50 to 54 years	100	60	45	10,955	5,115	5,845
55 to 59 years	65	35	30	12,950	6,065	6,885
60 to 64 years	45	25	25	14,030	6,515	7,515
65 years and over	195	90	110	42,090	19,915	22,170
65 to 69 years	55	30	30	13,845	6,650	7,195
70 to 74 years	45	25	25	10,445	5,125	5,320
75 to 79 years	20	5	10	7,320	3,600	3,720
80 to 84 years	25	10	20	5,165	2,470	2,695
85 years and over	45	25	25	5,305	2,065	3,240
85 to 89 years	30	15	15	3,295	1,435	1,855
90 to 94 years	10	5	5	1,535	515	1,025
95 to 99 years	10	0	0	420	110	305
100 years and over	0	0	0	55	10	50
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	21.5	20.0	22.9	12.8	13.6	12.1
15 to 64 years	63.8	66.7	61.1	60.1	60.0	60.3
65 years and over	14.7	13.3	16.8	27.0	26.4	27.6
85 years and over	3.4	3.7	3.8	3.4	2.7	4.0
Average age of the population	37.6	37.3	38.0	47.2	46.3	48.0
Median age of the population	36.1	36.3	35.8	51.1	49.9	52.1
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	505	...	...	68,905	...	...
Single-detached house	420	...	...	44,910	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	0	...	...	1,320	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	50	...	...	20,045	...	...
Semi-detached house	35	...	...	2,985	...	...
Row house	5	...	...	2,940	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	0	...	...	5,335	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	10	...	...	8,640	...	...
Other single-attached house	0	...	...	145	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	30	...	...	2,635	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	510	...	...	68,905	...	...
1 person	135	...	...	20,190	...	...
2 persons	180	...	...	29,880	...	...
3 persons	60	...	...	8,775	...	...
4 persons	70	...	...	6,635	...	...
5 or more persons	55	...	...	3,430	...	...
Number of persons in private households	1,295	...	...	151,630	...	...
Average household size	2.6	...	...	2.2	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	1,045	540	505	135,710	65,085	70,625
Married or living common law	660	335	330	81,785	40,795	40,990
Married	545	280	265	66,730	33,310	33,425
Living common law	115	55	55	15,055	7,485	7,570
Not married and not living common law	385	205	180	53,925	24,290	29,635
Never married	245	150	95	29,520	16,145	13,375
Separated	15	10	10	3,935	1,710	2,225
Divorced	45	25	20	11,130	4,360	6,770
Widowed	70	15	55	9,345	2,075	7,265
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	360	...	...	46,660	...	...
2 persons	170	...	...	30,495	...	...
3 persons	65	...	...	8,005	...	...
4 persons	75	...	...	6,045	...	...
5 or more persons	50	...	...	2,110	...	...
Average size of census families	3.1	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	360	...	...	46,660	...	...
Total couple families	320	...	...	39,875	...	...
Married couples	260	...	...	32,350	...	...
Common-law couples	55	...	...	7,525	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	40	...	...	6,780	...	...
Female parent	25	...	...	5,245	...	...
Male parent	15	...	...	1,535	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	315	...	...	39,880	...	...
Couples without children	145	...	...	26,130	...	...
Couples with children	175	...	...	13,745	...	...
1 child	60	...	...	6,135	...	...
2 children	70	...	...	5,630	...	...
3 or more children	50	...	...	1,985	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	45	...	...	6,785	...	...
1 child	25	...	...	4,365	...	...
2 children	10	...	...	1,870	...	...
3 or more children	5	...	...	545	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	185	115	75	31,280	14,365	16,910
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	510	...	...	68,905	...	...
One-census-family households	345	...	...	44,635	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	140	...	...	25,190	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	205	...	...	19,445	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	5	...	...	1,000	...	...
Non-census-family households	150	...	...	23,275	...	...
One-person households	135	...	...	20,185	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	15	...	...	3,085	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	1,315	665	650	153,155	74,450	78,710
English only	1,280	650	630	142,510	69,730	72,775
French only	0	0	0	15	10	10
English and French	35	15	20	10,020	4,455	5,565
Neither English nor French	0	0	0	615	260	355
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	1,315	670	650	153,160	74,450	78,710
English	1,300	660	640	150,450	73,185	77,260
French	15	10	10	1,910	925	985
English and French	5	0	0	205	90	115
Neither English nor French	0	5	0	595	250	350
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	15	10	5	2,015	970	1,045
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	1.1	1.5	0.8	1.3	1.3	1.3
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	1,320	670	645	153,155	74,445	78,710
Single responses	1,300	660	640	151,630	73,735	77,895
Official languages	1,170	595	580	137,690	67,220	70,475
English	1,155	585	570	135,570	66,195	69,380
French	20	10	10	2,125	1,025	1,100
Non-official languages	125	65	60	13,940	6,510	7,420
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	135	55	80
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	20	5	15
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	15	5	15
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	5	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	5	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	5	0	5
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	5	10
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	5	5	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	5	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	5	0	5
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	5	5	5
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	5	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	5
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	5
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	5	0	5
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	5
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	5
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	5	0	5
Salish languages	0	0	0	35	15	20
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	30	15	20
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	5	5	5
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	5	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	5	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	40	15	25
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	5	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	20	10	5
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	20	10	15
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	15	5	15
Non-Aboriginal languages	130	65	60	13,805	6,460	7,340
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	5	0	365	250	115
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	10	5	5
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	5	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	5
Semitic languages	0	0	0	355	245	115
Amharic	0	0	0	10	5	5
Arabic	5	0	0	305	215	90
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	30	20	10
Maltese	0	0	0	15	5	5
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	520	250	270
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	90	45	45
Vietnamese	0	0	0	430	200	225
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	60	35	30	820	280	540
Bikol	0	0	0	5	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	40	10	25
Fijian	0	0	0	5	5	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	10	5	10
Ilocano	0	0	0	40	15	20
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	30	5	25
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	5	5	5
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	60	25	25	645	220	425
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	20	15
Creole languages	0	0	0	10	5	5
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	10	5
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	50	30	20
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	35	20	10
Tamil	0	0	0	15	10	5
Telugu	0	0	0	5	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	55	30	25	8,570	4,105	4,460
Albanian	0	0	0	5	5	5
Armenian	0	0	0	10	5	5
Balto-Slavic languages	15	5	5	1,545	730	815
Baltic languages	0	0	0	45	25	20
Latvian	0	0	0	30	15	15
Lithuanian	0	0	0	15	5	10
Slavic languages	15	10	10	1,495	710	790
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	5	5	5
Bulgarian	0	0	0	25	20	10
Croatian	0	0	0	185	100	85
Czech	0	0	0	155	70	85
Macedonian	0	0	0	20	10	10
Polish	5	0	0	325	150	170
Russian	5	5	5	275	115	160
Serbian	0	0	0	60	30	30
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	20	5	10
Slovak	0	0	0	75	35	40
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	35	15	20
Ukrainian	5	5	5	300	140	160
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	15	10
Celtic languages	0	0	0	35	15	15
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	10	5	5
Welsh	0	0	0	20	10	10
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	5
Germanic languages	30	15	15	4,265	2,005	2,265
Afrikaans	10	5	5	115	55	65
Danish	0	0	0	365	180	190
Dutch	0	0	0	1,085	515	565
Frisian	0	0	0	10	5	10
German	25	15	15	2,355	1,080	1,275
Icelandic	0	0	0	15	10	5
Norwegian	0	0	0	135	55	80
Swedish	0	0	0	145	70	65
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	40	25	10
Yiddish	0	0	0	10	10	5
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	0
Greek	0	0	0	90	60	30
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	1,385	705	675
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	1,220	625	595
Bengali	5	0	0	25	15	10
Gujarati	0	0	0	50	25	25
Hindi	0	0	0	140	70	65
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	10	5	5
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	940	470	470
Sindhi	0	0	0	10	5	5
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	10	5	5
Urdu	0	0	0	40	25	20
Iranian languages	0	0	0	160	80	80
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	5	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	160	80	80
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	10	0	5	1,235	580	655
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	350	195	150
Portuguese	0	0	0	200	90	110
Romanian	0	0	0	60	25	30
Spanish	5	5	0	625	270	355
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	370	130	235
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	5
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	470	195	275
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	90	45	45
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	15	5	5
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	5	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	5	5
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	5	0	5
Ga	0	0	0	0	5	5
Ganda	0	0	0	5	0	5
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	5	0	5
Shona	0	0	0	5	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	5	5	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	15	5	10
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	15	15
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	20	15	10
American Sign Language	0	0	0	5	5	5
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	10	5	5
Sino-Tibetan languages	5	0	5	1,925	880	1,040
Chinese languages	5	5	0	1,920	875	1,040
Cantonese	0	0	0	505	230	280
Hakka	0	0	0	10	0	5
Mandarin	0	0	0	1,240	570	665
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	35	10	25
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	15	5	10
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	0	5	125	65	55
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	5	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	5	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	100	25	75
Lao	0	0	0	5	5	0
Thai	0	0	0	95	20	70
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	35	25	15
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	30	20	15
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	5	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	440	215	225
Estonian	0	0	0	25	15	10
Finnish	0	0	0	135	60	75
Hungarian	0	0	0	275	140	135
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	5
Multiple responses	15	10	10	1,530	720	810
English and French	0	0	0	385	180	200
English and non-official language	15	10	10	1,090	510	570
French and non-official language	0	0	0	35	10	20
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	25	10	15
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	1,315	670	645	153,160	74,450	78,710
Single responses	1,270	645	630	150,735	73,345	77,385
Official languages	1,215	615	595	146,210	71,150	75,055
English	1,210	615	595	145,795	70,960	74,840
French	0	0	0	415	190	220
Non-official languages	60	30	35	4,525	2,195	2,330
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	5	5	5
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	5
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	5	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	5
Non-Aboriginal languages	60	30	30	4,520	2,195	2,325
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	200	120	80
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	10	0	5
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	5	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	5
Semitic languages	0	0	0	195	115	75
Amharic	0	0	0	5	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	175	105	65
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	15	5	5
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	350	170	175
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	65	30	35
Vietnamese	0	0	0	280	140	140
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	30	15	20	220	100	125
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	5	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	5	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	5	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	5	0	5
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	5	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	5	0	5
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	30	15	15	190	85	105
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	5	10
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	10	10	5
Kannada	0	0	0	5	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	15	10	5
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	5	5	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	25	15	15	1,880	915	965
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	5	0
Balto-Slavic languages	10	0	5	380	175	205
Baltic languages	0	0	0	5	0	5
Latvian	0	0	0	5	0	5
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	5	5	10	370	175	195
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	5	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	10	5	5
Croatian	0	0	0	45	20	25
Czech	0	0	0	45	20	20
Macedonian	0	0	0	5	5	5
Polish	5	0	0	70	30	35
Russian	5	0	0	155	75	85
Serbian	0	0	0	10	5	5
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	5	0	5
Slovak	0	0	0	10	5	5
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	10	5	5
Ukrainian	0	0	5	10	5	5
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	5
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	10	10	5	425	205	215
Afrikaans	0	0	0	45	20	20
Danish	0	0	0	25	10	15
Dutch	0	0	0	100	50	50
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	10	5	0	225	110	115
Icelandic	0	0	0	5	5	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	5	5	5
Swedish	0	0	0	10	5	5
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	5	0	5
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	20	10	10
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	755	375	385
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	665	335	330
Bengali	0	0	0	10	10	5
Gujarati	0	0	0	15	5	10
Hindi	0	0	0	50	30	25
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	5	0	5
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	560	280	280
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	25	10	15
Iranian languages	0	0	0	90	40	50
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	90	40	50
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	5	0	0	300	145	155
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	45	20	20
Portuguese	0	0	0	50	20	25
Romanian	0	0	0	10	5	5
Spanish	5	0	0	195	100	95
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	160	75	85
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	5
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	320	145	175
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	15	10	5
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	5	5	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	5	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	25	15	15
American Sign Language	0	0	0	10	5	5
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	20	15	10
Sino-Tibetan languages	5	0	5	1,230	590	640
Chinese languages	0	5	0	1,225	590	635
Cantonese	0	0	0	235	115	115
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	895	420	470
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	15	5	5
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	5	5	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	5	80	45	40
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	20	5	10
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	15	5	10
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	15	10	5
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	5	0
Turkish	0	0	0	15	5	10
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	75	35	35
Estonian	0	0	0	10	0	5
Finnish	0	0	0	25	10	10
Hungarian	0	0	0	45	20	25
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	5
Multiple responses	45	25	15	2,430	1,105	1,325
English and French	0	0	0	165	65	100
English and non-official language	40	25	20	2,225	1,020	1,195
French and non-official language	0	0	0	10	0	5
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	40	20	20
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	1,320	670	650	153,160	74,450	78,710
None	1,245	625	620	144,800	70,625	74,175
English	25	15	10	2,085	1,005	1,080
French	5	10	0	1,480	640	845
Non-official language	40	25	15	4,655	2,115	2,540
Aboriginal	0	0	0	150	65	85
Non-Aboriginal	40	20	20	4,510	2,055	2,450
English and French	0	0	0	15	10	5
English and non-official language	0	0	0	60	35	25
French and non-official language	0	0	0	65	20	45
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	1,010	525	480	131,685	63,410	68,275
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	975	510	460	127,890	61,560	66,335
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	46,763	66,048	31,680	32,009	39,050	26,862
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	975	510	460	128,025	61,650	66,370
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	40,755	53,632	29,184	28,963	34,413	25,112
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	915	500	420	115,410	56,380	59,030
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	45,184	65,792	29,376	28,056	34,912	22,523
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	550	215	335	97,055	43,595	53,460
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	4,328	4,976	3,880	8,570	9,511	8,114
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	800	445	360	86,710	43,855	42,855
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	42,197	67,840	25,536	25,825	30,707	22,128
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	1,040	560	485	131,685	63,380	68,305
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	985	550	435	127,950	61,535	66,410
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	55,407	68,652	38,683	41,934	49,945	34,511
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	985	545	435	128,055	61,625	66,430
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	44,922	54,411	32,942	35,659	41,491	30,248
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	905	535	370	115,425	56,335	59,090
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	56,394	67,854	39,886	38,961	47,399	30,915
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	555	225	330	97,080	43,655	53,425
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	6,399	6,650	6,227	8,945	9,235	8,708
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	810	475	330	86,705	43,665	43,045
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	54,105	69,062	32,402	36,011	42,397	29,533
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	1,040	560	480	131,685	63,380	68,305
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	355	265	95	32,065	17,830	14,235
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	76,008	80,709	54,589	48,369	54,248	43,590
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	80,715	88,593	57,842	55,680	61,320	48,617
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	93.8	95.1	87.3	83.7	86.8	79.7
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	76.2	84.6	61.2	58.7	61.6	54.9
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	6.9	4.1	12.7	16.3	13.2	20.3
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	1,010	530	485	131,685	63,410	68,275
Without total income	40	15	25	3,795	1,850	1,940
With total income	975	510	460	127,890	61,560	66,330
Percentage with total income	96.5	96.2	94.8	97.1	97.1	97.2
Under $10,000 (including loss)	110	40	70	16,560	6,935	9,625
$10,000 to $19,999	110	35	80	24,000	9,015	14,985
$20,000 to $29,999	100	35	70	19,880	8,140	11,750
$30,000 to $39,999	105	30	70	16,400	7,365	9,035
$40,000 to $49,999	90	35	50	13,495	6,515	6,980
$50,000 to $59,999	95	55	35	10,015	5,415	4,600
$60,000 to $69,999	65	45	20	7,490	4,595	2,890
$70,000 to $79,999	60	45	20	5,475	3,395	2,075
$80,000 to $89,999	35	20	15	4,080	2,585	1,495
$90,000 to $99,999	40	30	5	2,925	1,900	1,030
$100,000 and over	165	140	25	7,570	5,705	1,865
$100,000 to $149,999	100	85	20	5,495	4,095	1,400
$150,000 and over	60	55	5	2,075	1,615	460
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	1,010	525	485	131,685	63,410	68,275
Without after-tax income	40	15	20	3,665	1,760	1,900
With after-tax income	975	515	460	128,025	61,650	66,375
Percentage with after-tax income	96.5	98.1	94.8	97.2	97.2	97.2
Under $10,000 (including loss)	120	40	75	17,580	7,390	10,190
$10,000 to $19,999	110	30	80	25,285	9,700	15,585
$20,000 to $29,999	120	40	80	23,235	9,770	13,465
$30,000 to $39,999	125	50	80	18,725	8,670	10,055
$40,000 to $49,999	120	65	60	14,190	7,270	6,925
$50,000 to $59,999	95	65	30	9,675	5,815	3,860
$60,000 to $69,999	70	45	25	6,710	4,230	2,480
$70,000 to $79,999	65	50	15	4,610	2,870	1,735
$80,000 and over	150	125	20	8,005	5,935	2,070
$80,000 to $89,999	35	30	5	2,805	2,000	805
$90,000 to $99,999	30	20	5	1,595	1,165	430
$100,000 and over	85	70	10	3,605	2,770	835
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	1,010	525	480	131,685	63,410	68,270
Without employment income	205	80	130	44,980	19,560	25,420
With employment income	805	450	360	86,705	43,855	42,850
Percentage with employment income	79.7	85.7	75.0	65.8	69.2	62.8
Under $5,000 (including loss)	100	40	60	18,170	9,005	9,165
$5,000 to $9,999	45	15	25	7,060	3,070	3,990
$10,000 to $19,999	95	30	65	12,265	5,200	7,070
$20,000 to $29,999	80	25	60	9,920	4,345	5,580
$30,000 to $39,999	70	30	40	8,655	3,725	4,930
$40,000 to $49,999	70	30	35	7,380	3,405	3,975
$50,000 to $59,999	55	30	20	5,745	3,065	2,675
$60,000 to $69,999	50	30	15	4,345	2,705	1,635
$70,000 to $79,999	55	40	10	3,450	2,155	1,300
$80,000 and over	195	175	20	9,720	7,180	2,535
$80,000 to $89,999	30	20	10	2,775	1,790	990
$90,000 to $99,999	35	35	5	1,985	1,325	660
$100,000 and over	130	120	10	4,955	4,070	885
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	505	...	...	68,905	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	98,752	...	...	62,349	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	81,280	...	...	55,521	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	135	...	...	20,185	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	45,184	...	...	31,875	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	39,616	...	...	28,809	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	370	...	...	48,720	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	117,760	...	...	78,395	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	97,792	...	...	69,150	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	505	...	...	68,905	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	107,639	...	...	77,868	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	87,270	...	...	66,269	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	125	...	...	20,155	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	55,500	...	...	40,901	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	44,459	...	...	35,050	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	380	...	...	48,750	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	125,218	...	...	93,151	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	101,704	...	...	79,177	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	510	...	...	68,900	...	...
Under $5,000	5	...	...	1,160	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	5	...	...	935	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	5	...	...	2,170	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	15	...	...	3,130	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	15	...	...	3,435	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	10	...	...	2,985	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	20	...	...	3,440	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	20	...	...	3,430	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	20	...	...	3,375	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	15	...	...	3,115	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	25	...	...	5,950	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	25	...	...	5,405	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	35	...	...	4,715	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	25	...	...	4,300	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	25	...	...	3,730	...	...
$100,000 and over	250	...	...	17,610	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	75	...	...	6,745	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	50	...	...	4,180	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	65	...	...	4,035	...	...
$200,000 and over	65	...	...	2,645	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	510	...	...	68,905	...	...
Under $5,000	5	...	...	1,245	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	5	...	...	950	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	5	...	...	2,220	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	15	...	...	3,220	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	15	...	...	3,915	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	15	...	...	3,680	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	20	...	...	4,020	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	15	...	...	4,010	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	15	...	...	3,885	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	15	...	...	3,595	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	35	...	...	6,690	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	40	...	...	5,980	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	40	...	...	5,275	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	40	...	...	4,420	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	40	...	...	3,405	...	...
$100,000 and over	180	...	...	12,375	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	65	...	...	5,805	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	50	...	...	3,045	...	...
$150,000 and over	70	...	...	3,525	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	360	...	...	46,275	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	118,016	...	...	78,469	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	97,920	...	...	69,084	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.2	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	140	...	...	24,775	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	102,656	...	...	74,504	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	86,720	...	...	65,871	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	175	...	...	13,900	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	148,992	...	...	104,867	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	124,160	...	...	90,807	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	4.1	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	40	...	...	6,360	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	64,000	...	...	45,102	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	56,192	...	...	41,856	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	3.0	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	375	...	...	46,275	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	124,634	...	...	93,187	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	101,390	...	...	79,044	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	140	...	...	24,840	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	110,731	...	...	90,186	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	91,732	...	...	76,037	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	165	...	...	13,935	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	148,539	...	...	115,337	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	118,770	...	...	97,625	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	50	...	...	6,350	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	95,654	...	...	54,615	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	80,272	...	...	48,552	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	165	100	70	28,340	13,105	15,235
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	42,240	50,560	34,432	28,316	29,504	27,720
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	37,717	42,368	31,104	26,153	26,696	25,786
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	145	100	50	28,340	13,070	15,270
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	56,380	50,779	66,926	37,161	38,845	35,719
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	44,851	40,222	53,569	32,056	32,927	31,310
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	1,295	665	635	151,625	73,645	77,990
In the bottom half of the distribution	390	190	205	82,375	38,905	43,470
In the bottom decile	65	25	35	18,115	8,670	9,445
In the second decile	45	20	20	17,200	7,735	9,465
In the third decile	80	40	40	15,895	7,435	8,455
In the fourth decile	105	50	55	15,745	7,560	8,180
In the fifth decile	95	50	45	15,425	7,500	7,925
In the top half of the distribution	905	475	430	69,255	34,740	34,515
In the sixth decile	145	70	70	14,925	7,320	7,600
In the seventh decile	170	95	75	14,975	7,485	7,495
In the eighth decile	160	80	80	14,600	7,285	7,315
In the ninth decile	245	120	125	13,725	6,960	6,765
In the top decile	185	105	80	11,030	5,690	5,345
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	1,295	660	630	150,595	73,110	77,480
0 to 17 years	340	160	180	24,010	12,350	11,660
0 to 5 years	105	55	50	7,515	3,855	3,665
18 to 64 years	795	425	365	87,500	41,860	45,640
65 years and over	165	80	85	39,090	18,900	20,185
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	70	25	40	24,345	11,240	13,105
0 to 17 years	25	10	20	5,330	2,775	2,555
0 to 5 years	5	0	0	1,730	900	825
18 to 64 years	30	15	15	14,365	6,595	7,775
65 years and over	15	5	10	4,645	1,875	2,770
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	5.4	3.8	6.3	16.2	15.4	16.9
0 to 17 years (%)	7.4	6.3	11.1	22.2	22.5	21.9
0 to 5 years (%)	4.8	0.0	0.0	23.0	23.3	22.5
18 to 64 years (%)	3.8	3.5	4.1	16.4	15.8	17.0
65 years and over (%)	9.1	6.3	11.8	11.9	9.9	13.7
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	55	25	30	12,960	6,360	6,595
0 to 17 years	20	5	10	2,645	1,385	1,260
0 to 5 years	5	5	5	860	460	400
18 to 64 years	30	15	15	9,555	4,625	4,925
65 years and over	5	5	5	760	345	415
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	4.2	3.8	4.8	8.6	8.7	8.5
0 to 17 years (%)	5.9	3.1	5.6	11.0	11.2	10.8
0 to 5 years (%)	4.8	9.1	10.0	11.4	11.9	10.9
18 to 64 years (%)	3.8	3.5	4.1	10.9	11.0	10.8
65 years and over (%)	3.0	6.3	5.9	1.9	1.8	2.1
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	1,295	665	625	151,630	73,645	77,985
Official languages	1,290	665	625	151,025	73,375	77,650
English	1,290	665	625	151,015	73,370	77,645
French	25	20	10	9,955	4,490	5,460
Non-official languages	195	110	90	18,905	8,880	10,030
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	325	160	160
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	50	30	15
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	25	10	15
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	10	10	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	20	0	15
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	30	25	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	25	20	10
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	10
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	10	0	10
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	15	0	10
Inuit languages	0	0	0	15	10	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	10	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	10	0	10
Salish languages	0	0	0	130	60	70
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	105	50	60
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	10	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	10	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	105	50	50
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	50	25	20
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	50	20	35
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	10
Non-Aboriginal languages	200	110	95	18,585	8,715	9,875
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	440	285	155
Berber languages	0	0	0	10	10	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	10
Semitic languages	0	0	0	425	275	150
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	335	250	85
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	80	30	50
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	10
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	580	295	285
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	100	65	35
Vietnamese	0	0	0	485	235	250
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	130	65	65	1,170	390	780
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	125	50	75
Fijian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	15	0	15
Ilocano	10	10	0	70	25	40
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	90	35	60
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	10
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	10	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	125	65	60	1,025	325	700
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	25	10	15
Creole languages	0	0	0	35	20	15
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	15	10	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	85	35	45
Kannada	0	0	0	10	0	10
Malayalam	0	0	0	55	25	30
Tamil	0	0	0	20	0	15
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	10	10	0
Indo-European languages	55	30	25	12,415	5,920	6,500
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	25	15	10	1,665	770	890
Baltic languages	0	0	0	25	10	15
Latvian	0	0	0	15	10	10
Lithuanian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Slavic languages	20	15	10	1,640	760	880
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	15	10	10
Bulgarian	0	0	0	25	15	15
Croatian	0	0	0	275	155	120
Czech	10	0	0	185	90	90
Macedonian	0	0	0	20	10	10
Polish	0	0	0	320	140	175
Russian	20	10	10	365	145	220
Serbian	0	0	0	95	30	60
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	35	25	15
Slovak	0	0	0	80	35	45
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	30	20	15
Ukrainian	15	10	10	340	140	200
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	0	10
Celtic languages	10	0	0	95	55	40
Scottish Gaelic	10	0	0	40	20	15
Welsh	0	0	0	35	25	15
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	10	10
Germanic languages	25	15	10	5,555	2,635	2,920
Afrikaans	0	0	0	310	175	140
Danish	0	0	0	420	175	245
Dutch	0	0	0	1,345	615	730
Frisian	0	0	0	35	15	20
German	25	15	10	3,260	1,575	1,685
Icelandic	0	0	0	10	10	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	170	60	105
Swedish	0	0	0	195	95	100
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	60	30	20
Yiddish	0	0	0	30	20	15
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	10
Greek	0	0	0	150	90	55
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	1,770	890	880
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	1,550	770	780
Bengali	0	0	0	35	15	20
Gujarati	0	0	0	75	30	45
Hindi	0	0	0	415	195	220
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	10	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	10	10	0
Nepali	0	0	0	20	0	25
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	1,205	620	585
Sindhi	0	0	0	10	10	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	10	10	0
Urdu	0	0	0	105	65	45
Iranian languages	0	0	0	225	125	105
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	225	120	105
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Italic (Romance) languages	10	0	0	3,635	1,730	1,900
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	700	345	355
Portuguese	0	0	0	370	160	210
Romanian	0	0	0	90	55	35
Spanish	10	10	0	2,665	1,245	1,420
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	605	280	330
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	10	10	0	405	195	210
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	210	120	90
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	20	10	10
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	10
Ga	0	0	0	0	10	0
Ganda	0	0	0	20	10	20
Igbo	0	0	0	35	25	10
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	10	10	0
Swahili	0	0	0	35	20	20
Wolof	0	0	0	10	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	55	30	20
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	25	10
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	220	80	140
American Sign Language	0	0	0	95	35	65
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	135	50	85
Sino-Tibetan languages	15	10	10	2,275	1,085	1,195
Chinese languages	15	0	10	2,270	1,080	1,190
Cantonese	0	0	0	660	295	370
Hakka	0	0	0	10	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	1,575	760	815
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	60	15	45
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	25	10	10
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	0	10	130	60	65
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	15	10	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	10	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	10
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	105	25	80
Lao	0	0	0	15	0	15
Thai	0	0	0	100	25	75
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	75	35	40
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	30	10	20
Turkish	0	0	0	40	20	20
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	505	205	305
Estonian	0	0	0	35	15	15
Finnish	0	0	0	125	50	75
Hungarian	0	0	0	345	135	215
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	10	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	25	10
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	1,295	665	625	151,625	73,640	77,985
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	1,150	595	555	145,125	70,555	74,565
Canadian citizens aged under 18	280	115	160	23,565	12,245	11,325
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	870	480	385	121,560	58,315	63,245
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	145	75	75	6,500	3,085	3,420
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	1,295	670	630	151,630	73,645	77,985
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	1,075	560	520	126,320	61,680	64,640
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	205	105	100	23,680	11,055	12,620
Before 1981	30	25	10	14,170	6,820	7,350
1981 to 1990	0	0	10	2,265	985	1,280
1991 to 2000	10	0	0	2,200	945	1,255
2001 to 2010	70	35	35	3,345	1,505	1,840
2001 to 2005	10	10	0	1,490	650	840
2006 to 2010	55	30	30	1,855	855	1,005
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	105	45	55	1,705	800	900
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	10	0	0	1,625	905	720
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	205	105	105	23,680	11,060	12,625
Under 5 years	20	10	10	2,800	1,375	1,420
5 to 14 years	50	25	20	4,215	2,065	2,150
15 to 24 years	30	20	10	5,680	2,490	3,195
25 to 44 years	100	45	55	9,305	4,380	4,930
45 years and over	10	10	0	1,680	750	930
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	210	105	105	23,680	11,060	12,625
Americas	30	15	15	2,820	1,165	1,655
Brazil	0	0	0	60	15	50
Colombia	0	0	0	55	15	40
El Salvador	10	10	0	15	10	10
Guyana	0	0	0	25	20	10
Haiti	0	0	0	20	0	15
Jamaica	0	0	0	45	10	30
Mexico	10	0	0	145	50	95
Peru	0	0	0	65	20	40
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	45	15	30
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	25	10	10	2,070	895	1,175
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	270	115	155
Europe	60	30	30	14,490	7,080	7,410
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	45	10	35
Croatia	0	0	0	230	130	105
France	0	0	0	180	95	80
Germany	0	10	0	1,700	810	885
Greece	0	0	0	70	55	20
Hungary	0	0	0	205	85	120
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	15	10	10	240	115	125
Italy	0	0	0	235	145	95
Netherlands	0	0	0	1,085	495	595
Poland	0	0	0	240	125	120
Portugal	0	0	0	120	85	40
Romania	0	0	0	110	55	55
Russian Federation	10	0	0	125	40	90
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	0	0	0	50	30	20
Ukraine	10	10	0	95	40	55
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	25	10	10	8,225	4,020	4,205
Other places of birth in Europe	10	0	0	1,535	750	790
Africa	0	0	0	930	495	435
Algeria	0	0	0	10	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	30	20	15
Ethiopia	0	0	0	25	10	15
Kenya	0	0	0	30	15	10
Morocco	0	0	0	10	10	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	40	20	25
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	10	0	10	540	290	255
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	235	120	120
Asia	115	60	55	4,965	2,115	2,845
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	30	15	15
China^{Census data footnote 59}	0	10	10	940	440	500
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	0	0	0	165	100	75
India	0	0	0	960	475	490
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	0	0	0	215	115	95
Iraq	0	0	0	0	10	0
Japan	0	0	0	205	55	155
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	0	0	0	330	135	195
Lebanon	0	0	0	20	20	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	35	10	25
Philippines	110	55	55	940	310	630
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	25	15	10
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	0	0	0	60	20	35
Taiwan	0	0	0	80	40	45
Viet Nam	0	0	0	405	165	240
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	545	200	350
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	0	0	0	480	200	280
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	105	50	55	1,705	805	900
Americas	0	0	0	220	125	95
Brazil	0	0	0	15	10	15
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0	0	0	10
Haiti	0	0	0	10	10	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	20	0	15
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	10	0	0	155	95	65
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0
Europe	15	0	10	365	165	200
France	0	0	0	0	10	0
Germany	0	0	0	75	10	65
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	15	0	10	10	10	10
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	30	10	30
Ukraine	0	0	0	20	10	15
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	0	0	0	190	120	70
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	35	20	15
Africa	0	0	0	70	45	25
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	10	0	10
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	35	20	10
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	15	15	0
Asia	80	45	40	1,025	460	565
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	15	10	10
China^{Census data footnote 59}	0	0	0	275	125	150
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	0	0	0	15	15	0
India	0	0	0	115	55	55
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	0	0	0	10	10	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	15	0	10
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	0	0	0	80	35	45
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0	10	0	10
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Philippines	85	40	40	345	150	195
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	0	0	0	60	20	35
Taiwan	0	0	0	10	10	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	30	0	25
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	40	20	20
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	0	0	0	25	10	15
Australia	0	0	0	10	0	10
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	0	0	0	15	10	15
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	1,295	670	630	151,630	73,640	77,985
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	215	110	110	26,395	12,560	13,835
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	195	85	110	31,065	14,980	16,085
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	880	470	410	94,165	46,105	48,070
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	175	80	95	9,935	4,455	5,480
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	95	50	50	5,060	2,460	2,605
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	55	35	15	2,190	1,270	920
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	40	10	35	2,875	1,190	1,680
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	75	35	40	3,895	1,515	2,385
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	0	10	0	865	435	430
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	0	0	0	110	45	65
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	1,295	670	625	151,630	73,640	77,985
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	40	20	20	10,635	5,000	5,635
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	35	15	20	10,330	4,875	5,465
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	10	0	10	6,225	2,980	3,255
Métis	30	15	10	4,040	1,860	2,180
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	65	35	30
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	0	0	0	185	95	90
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	0	0	0	115	30	85
Non-Aboriginal identity	1,255	650	605	140,990	68,640	72,350
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	1,295	665	630	151,630	73,645	77,985
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	10	0	10	4,780	2,315	2,465
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	1,285	665	620	146,845	71,325	75,525
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	1,295	670	630	151,625	73,640	77,985
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	0	0	0	3,175	1,570	1,605
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	0	0	0	3,135	1,560	1,575
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	0	0	0	2,630	1,280	1,350
Métis single ancestry	10	0	0	490	275	215
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	15	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	0	0	0	40	15	30
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	0	0	0	35	10	25
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	10	10	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	40	30	10	9,115	4,315	4,800
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	40	30	10	8,705	4,145	4,560
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	15	10	10	5,310	2,525	2,790
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	30	20	10	3,300	1,570	1,730
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	95	55	35
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	0	0	0	410	170	240
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	395	165	230
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	15	0	10
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	1,250	635	615	139,340	67,755	71,580
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	1,295	670	625	151,630	73,645	77,990
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	155	75	85	10,855	5,195	5,660
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	0	0	0	2,255	1,150	1,105
Chinese	10	0	0	2,695	1,290	1,400
Black	0	0	0	950	500	445
Filipino	130	60	70	1,290	520	770
Latin American	0	0	0	565	240	325
Arab	0	0	0	270	195	80
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	0	0	0	985	440	550
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	0	0	0	195	105	90
Korean	0	0	0	465	210	260
Japanese	10	10	10	725	320	400
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	0	0	0	110	60	55
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	0	0	0	345	160	185
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	1,135	595	540	140,775	68,445	72,325
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	1,295	670	625	151,630	73,640	77,985
North American Aboriginal origins	45	35	10	12,290	5,885	6,400
First Nations (North American Indian)	10	10	10	8,390	3,980	4,410
Inuit	0	0	0	125	70	55
Métis	30	25	0	4,225	2,015	2,205
Other North American origins	380	200	180	40,125	19,755	20,370
Acadian	0	0	0	225	140	75
American	25	10	15	3,130	1,540	1,590
Canadian	360	190	175	37,825	18,615	19,210
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	105	35	70
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ontarian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Québécois	0	0	0	45	20	30
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	10	10	10	0	0	0
European origins	960	485	470	124,015	59,690	64,325
British Isles origins	615	325	290	93,020	44,715	48,305
Channel Islander	0	0	0	20	10	15
Cornish	0	0	0	30	20	15
English	345	180	155	60,815	28,880	31,930
Irish	250	130	120	29,780	13,630	16,150
Manx	0	0	0	95	50	45
Scottish	300	140	160	40,020	18,950	21,075
Welsh	55	20	30	6,050	2,840	3,205
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	20	15	0	5,805	2,645	3,165
French origins	160	75	85	16,620	7,695	8,930
Alsatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	10	0	0
Corsican	0	0	0	0	0	0
French	155	75	85	16,610	7,685	8,925
Western European origins (except French origins)	310	170	135	33,090	15,550	17,540
Austrian	20	10	10	1,665	775	890
Bavarian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Belgian	25	20	0	980	480	505
Dutch	10	0	0	8,785	4,125	4,660
Flemish	0	0	0	115	50	65
Frisian	0	0	0	20	0	15
German	280	160	120	23,480	10,995	12,490
Luxembourger	0	0	0	20	10	15
Swiss	0	0	0	980	480	505
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	0	0	0	10	10	0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	110	65	40	16,855	8,045	8,810
Danish	30	25	10	3,155	1,455	1,700
Finnish	0	0	0	1,585	765	825
Icelandic	0	0	0	1,195	575	620
Norwegian	60	40	20	7,050	3,440	3,615
Swedish	20	10	15	4,960	2,290	2,675
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	0	0	0	735	355	380
Eastern European origins	185	90	95	20,170	9,380	10,790
Bulgarian	0	0	0	65	30	40
Byelorussian	0	0	0	40	15	25
Czech	10	0	0	825	395	435
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	0	0	0	410	155	260
Estonian	0	0	0	235	100	135
Hungarian	0	0	10	2,255	915	1,340
Latvian	0	0	0	225	115	105
Lithuanian	0	0	0	220	115	105
Moldovan	0	0	0	0	10	0
Polish	55	25	30	5,610	2,505	3,105
Romanian	0	0	0	890	450	440
Russian	25	20	15	3,675	1,735	1,945
Slovak	0	0	0	360	175	185
Ukrainian	120	55	70	8,690	4,160	4,530
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	0	0	0	75	50	30
Southern European origins	40	20	20	9,595	4,785	4,815
Albanian	0	0	0	55	30	25
Bosnian	0	0	0	30	15	10
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	785	410	375
Cypriot	0	0	0	10	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	630	300	335
Italian	10	0	0	5,355	2,710	2,650
Kosovar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	40	25	15
Maltese	0	0	0	80	45	35
Montenegrin	0	0	0	15	10	10
Portuguese	0	0	0	855	485	375
Serbian	10	0	0	205	75	130
Sicilian	0	0	0	30	10	20
Slovenian	0	0	0	170	85	90
Spanish	20	0	15	1,510	665	845
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	0	0	0	410	200	210
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	0	0	0	10	10	0
Other European origins	10	10	10	865	445	420
Basque	0	0	0	10	0	0
Jewish	0	0	0	325	165	155
Roma (Gypsy)	0	0	0	40	20	30
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	0	0	0	35	10	25
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	0	10	0	460	240	220
Caribbean origins	0	0	0	460	200	265
Antiguan	0	0	0	10	0	10
Bahamian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Barbadian	0	0	0	50	25	30
Bermudan	0	0	0	15	0	15
Carib	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuban	0	0	0	25	0	25
Dominican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0	10	0
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	0	0	0	20	10	10
Jamaican	0	0	0	180	100	80
Kittitian/Nevisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Martinican	0	0	0	10	0	0
Montserratan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	0	0	0	40	25	15
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	85	20	60
Vincentian/Grenadinian	0	0	0	20	10	15
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	0	0	0	20	10	15
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	0	0	0	30	15	15
Latin, Central and South American origins	10	0	0	1,180	555	620
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	0	0	0	40	20	20
Arawak	0	0	0	0	10	0
Argentinian	0	0	0	40	15	25
Belizean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bolivian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Brazilian	0	0	0	120	35	85
Chilean	0	0	0	135	80	60
Colombian	0	0	0	85	20	60
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0	0	10
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	20	10	10
Guyanese	0	0	0	40	25	15
Hispanic	0	0	0	30	20	10
Honduran	0	0	0	45	25	25
Maya	0	0	0	20	10	10
Mexican	0	0	0	430	210	225
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	45	30	15
Panamanian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Paraguayan	0	0	0	10	0	10
Peruvian	0	0	0	60	30	35
Salvadorean	10	0	10	35	10	30
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	40	25	20
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	0	0	0	35	25	15
African origins	0	10	10	1,550	815	735
Central and West African origins	0	0	0	185	110	75
Akan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Angolan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ashanti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burkinabe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadian	0	0	0	0	10	0
Congolese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gabonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	20	15	10
Guinean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ibo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Liberian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Malian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malinké	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	0	0	0	130	75	55
Peulh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	10	10	0
Sierra Leonean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Togolese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	10	10	0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	0	0	0	10	10	10
North African origins	0	0	0	110	80	30
Algerian	0	0	0	20	20	0
Berber	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	0	0	0	30	25	10
Libyan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maure	0	0	0	15	0	10
Moroccan	0	0	0	35	30	10
Sudanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	0	0	10	0
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins	0	0	0	705	345	360
Afrikaner	0	0	0	25	20	10
Amhara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Djiboutian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	35	15	20
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0	35	15	20
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0	10	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0	15	10	10
Seychellois	0	0	0	10	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	10	10	0
South African	10	10	10	480	240	240
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	30	10	20
Zambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	30	15	15
Zulu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	0	0	0	35	15	15
Other African origins	0	0	0	565	285	280
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	0	0	0	60	20	40
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	0	0	0	510	265	245
Asian origins	155	70	80	10,405	4,910	5,495
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	0	0	0	1,070	580	490
Afghan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	0	0	0	160	120	45
Armenian	0	0	0	50	30	20
Assyrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	10	10	10
Georgian	0	0	0	25	10	15
Hazara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian	0	0	0	345	175	170
Iraqi	0	0	0	10	0	10
Israeli	0	0	0	40	0	40
Jordanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	20	10	10
Kurd	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kuwaiti	0	0	0	10	10	0
Kyrgyz	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanese	0	0	0	175	105	70
Palestinian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Pashtun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saudi Arabian	0	0	0	70	70	0
Syrian	0	0	0	140	50	85
Tajik	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tatar	0	0	0	10	0	10
Turk	0	0	0	65	35	30
Turkmen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uighur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0	0	10
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	0	0	0	30	30	0
South Asian origins	0	0	10	2,370	1,205	1,160
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	10	0	10
Bengali	0	0	0	15	10	0
Bhutanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
East Indian	0	0	10	2,055	1,050	1,010
Goan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	10	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	25	10	20
Pakistani	0	0	0	15	0	15
Punjabi	0	0	0	200	110	90
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0	10	0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	40	30	15
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	10
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	0	0	0	30	15	10
East and Southeast Asian origins	155	65	80	7,015	3,140	3,875
Burmese	0	0	0	25	15	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	145	80	70
Chinese	10	10	10	3,260	1,535	1,715
Filipino	130	60	65	1,500	560	935
Hmong	0	0	0	10	10	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	200	110	90
Japanese	10	0	0	855	380	470
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	475	220	255
Laotian	0	0	0	0	0	10
Malaysian	0	0	0	50	10	40
Mongolian	0	0	0	25	15	10
Singaporean	0	0	0	15	10	10
Taiwanese	0	0	0	75	35	40
Thai	0	0	0	125	30	95
Tibetan	0	0	0	10	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	655	285	370
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	0	0	0	10	0	0
Other Asian origins	0	0	0	20	10	10
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	0	0	0	20	10	10
Oceania origins	0	0	0	1,020	490	530
Australian	0	0	0	525	245	280
New Zealander	0	0	0	210	95	115
Pacific Islands origins	0	0	0	280	150	130
Fijian	0	0	0	55	30	25
Hawaiian	0	0	0	160	85	80
Maori	0	0	0	20	15	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	0	0	0	15	10	15
Samoan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	0	0	0	35	15	15
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	505	...	...	68,900	...	...
Owner	405	...	...	50,930	...	...
Renter	100	...	...	17,900	...	...
Band housing	0	...	...	75	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	505	...	...	68,900	...	...
Condominium	0	...	...	8,555	...	...
Not condominium	500	...	...	60,350	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	505	...	...	68,905	...	...
No bedrooms	0	...	...	360	...	...
1 bedroom	40	...	...	6,990	...	...
2 bedrooms	85	...	...	21,135	...	...
3 bedrooms	185	...	...	24,770	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	195	...	...	15,650	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	505	...	...	68,905	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	80	...	...	16,675	...	...
5 rooms	90	...	...	12,095	...	...
6 rooms	60	...	...	11,210	...	...
7 rooms	60	...	...	9,055	...	...
8 or more rooms	220	...	...	19,860	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	7.3	...	...	6.3	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	510	...	...	68,900	...	...
One person or fewer per room	500	...	...	68,560	...	...
More than 1 person per room	10	...	...	340	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	510	...	...	68,905	...	...
Suitable	500	...	...	67,095	...	...
Not suitable	0	...	...	1,810	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	510	...	...	68,900	...	...
1960 or before	130	...	...	7,685	...	...
1961 to 1980	215	...	...	19,585	...	...
1981 to 1990	45	...	...	11,200	...	...
1991 to 2000	40	...	...	14,905	...	...
2001 to 2005	0	...	...	4,995	...	...
2006 to 2010	35	...	...	6,335	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	35	...	...	4,195	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	505	...	...	68,905	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	450	...	...	64,840	...	...
Major repairs needed	55	...	...	4,065	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	505	...	...	68,900	...	...
1 household maintainer	345	...	...	39,030	...	...
2 household maintainers	150	...	...	28,365	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	10	...	...	1,510	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	510	...	...	68,905	...	...
15 to 24 years	30	...	...	1,855	...	...
25 to 34 years	85	...	...	6,865	...	...
35 to 44 years	100	...	...	8,445	...	...
45 to 54 years	115	...	...	11,290	...	...
55 to 64 years	65	...	...	15,330	...	...
65 to 74 years	70	...	...	14,465	...	...
75 to 84 years	30	...	...	7,895	...	...
85 years and over	15	...	...	2,755	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	505	...	...	68,165	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	465	...	...	51,540	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	40	...	...	16,625	...	...
30% to less than 100%	25	...	...	14,415	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	405	...	...	50,390	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	60.5	...	...	53.0	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	4.9	...	...	16.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	883	...	...	818	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,026	...	...	1,047	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	219,901	...	...	390,750	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	242,919	...	...	433,774	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	100	...	...	17,830	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	35.0	...	...	11.6	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	20.0	...	...	48.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	802	...	...	923	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	806	...	...	982	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	1,040	565	480	131,685	63,375	68,305
No certificate, diploma or degree	220	120	105	19,310	10,275	9,045
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	425	265	165	39,470	18,350	21,120
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	385	175	210	72,900	34,760	38,145
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	90	65	25	14,875	10,990	3,890
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	45	25	20	5,910	3,295	2,620
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	45	40	10	8,965	7,695	1,275
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	150	60	90	27,010	10,245	16,765
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	55	15	35	5,755	2,090	3,665
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	100	35	65	25,260	11,430	13,830
Bachelor's degree	90	35	60	15,905	6,835	9,070
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	0	0	0	1,965	800	1,160
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	850	555	290
Master's degree	10	0	0	5,400	2,550	2,850
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	0	0	0	1,140	680	460
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	660	360	300	77,440	36,485	40,950
No certificate, diploma or degree	70	45	20	7,630	4,445	3,195
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	265	170	90	21,955	10,590	11,370
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	330	145	180	47,850	21,455	26,390
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	80	55	25	9,035	6,735	2,295
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	40	25	20	3,685	2,085	1,600
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	35	30	0	5,345	4,650	695
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	115	45	70	18,100	6,675	11,425
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	45	20	25	3,825	1,355	2,470
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	90	25	60	16,890	6,695	10,195
Bachelor's degree	80	25	55	10,965	4,235	6,730
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	0	0	0	1,230	450	775
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	555	295	255
Master's degree	10	0	0	3,580	1,450	2,125
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	0	0	0	565	260	310
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	1,040	560	480	131,685	63,380	68,305
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	650	380	270	58,785	28,620	30,160
Education	55	15	40	6,100	1,615	4,485
13. Education	55	15	35	6,100	1,610	4,490
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	10	0	0	2,565	1,080	1,480
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	10	0	0	400	290	110
50. Visual and performing arts	0	0	0	2,165	790	1,380
Humanities	10	0	10	2,920	1,235	1,685
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	0	0	0	230	80	155
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	1,015	365	650
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	10	0	10	660	225	435
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	0	0	0	20	0	15
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	155	95	60
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	10	0	320	210	110
54. History	0	0	0	450	255	195
55. French language and literature/letters	0	0	0	70	10	60
Social and behavioural sciences and law	15	0	15	6,930	2,330	4,595
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	135	25	105
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	0	0	0	460	210	250
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0	0	1,545	175	1,370
22. Legal professions and studies	0	0	0	1,165	360	800
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	0	0	0	85	35	50
42. Psychology	0	0	0	1,235	350	880
45. Social sciences	20	0	15	2,300	1,170	1,135
Business, management and public administration	50	15	35	13,350	4,475	8,870
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	30	0	25
44. Public administration and social service professions	10	0	10	960	195	760
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	40	15	20	12,360	4,270	8,085
Physical and life sciences and technologies	0	0	10	2,520	1,380	1,135
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	1,260	595	665
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	10	375	180	195
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	0	0	0	25	20	10
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	715	530	185
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	150	60	95
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	15	0	15	1,755	1,020	735
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	15	0	15	1,290	830	460
25. Library science	0	0	0	205	30	175
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	230	150	80
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	0	0	0	25	0	15
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	100	100	0	15,720	14,850	870
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	335	205	125
14. Engineering	20	20	0	2,055	1,860	195
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	15	15	0	2,760	2,490	270
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	25	30	0	4,680	4,550	130
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	15	20	0	4,085	3,995	95
48. Precision production	20	20	0	1,800	1,755	50
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	15	10	10	2,500	1,655	840
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	10	0	0	1,175	600	575
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	1,325	1,060	265
Health and related fields	80	10	70	13,090	2,335	10,755
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	0	0	0	770	365	410
51. Health professions and related programs	80	10	70	12,065	1,795	10,270
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	0	0	0	255	175	85
Personal, protective and transportation services	30	10	20	5,450	2,780	2,665
12. Personal and culinary services	20	0	20	3,450	1,005	2,450
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	40	35	0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	530	420	105
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	10	0	1,425	1,315	115
Other	0	0	0	10	0	15
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	0	0	0	15	0	15
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	660	365	295	77,440	36,490	40,950
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	330	215	115	29,590	15,030	14,560
Education	40	10	30	3,545	795	2,750
13. Education	40	10	30	3,545	795	2,745
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	10	0	0	1,745	680	1,065
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	10	225	150	75
50. Visual and performing arts	0	0	0	1,515	530	990
Humanities	15	10	0	1,820	755	1,065
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	0	0	0	140	50	95
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	660	230	430
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	10	0	10	435	140	290
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	0	0	0	0	0	10
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	85	50	35
39. Theology and religious vocations	10	0	0	175	110	65
54. History	0	0	0	295	170	120
55. French language and literature/letters	0	0	0	25	0	25
Social and behavioural sciences and law	20	0	15	4,920	1,455	3,470
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	100	15	85
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	0	0	0	355	155	200
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0	0	1,150	135	1,015
22. Legal professions and studies	0	0	0	865	220	640
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	0	0	0	65	25	40
42. Psychology	0	0	0	810	185	625
45. Social sciences	20	10	15	1,575	715	860
Business, management and public administration	50	15	35	8,815	2,760	6,055
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	20	0	15
44. Public administration and social service professions	10	0	10	690	120	575
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	40	15	25	8,105	2,640	5,465
Physical and life sciences and technologies	10	0	0	1,525	735	790
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	865	385	475
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	10	0	10	235	90	140
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	0	0	0	20	20	0
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	330	210	115
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	85	30	55
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	20	0	15	1,305	785	520
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	15	10	10	1,075	725	350
25. Library science	0	0	0	125	10	115
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	85	45	40
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	0	0	0	10	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	85	90	0	9,560	8,895	665
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	220	105	120
14. Engineering	15	20	0	1,120	960	160
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	15	15	0	1,565	1,395	170
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	20	20	0	3,145	3,040	110
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	15	15	0	2,480	2,415	60
48. Precision production	20	20	0	1,030	980	45
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	1,805	1,135	675
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	10	0	10	810	385	430
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	995	745	250
Health and related fields	55	0	50	9,090	1,610	7,480
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	0	0	0	570	265	305
51. Health professions and related programs	60	0	50	8,370	1,260	7,105
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	0	0	0	145	85	65
Personal, protective and transportation services	25	10	20	3,710	1,855	1,850
12. Personal and culinary services	20	0	25	2,395	730	1,665
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	10	10	0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	355	265	90
49. Transportation and materials moving	10	10	0	950	850	95
Other	0	0	0	10	0	10
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	0	0	0	10	0	10
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	1,040	560	480	131,685	63,380	68,305
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	650	385	265	58,785	28,620	30,160
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	390	175	210	72,900	34,760	38,150
Location of study inside Canada	285	120	165	62,850	29,480	33,370
Same as province or territory of residence	180	75	105	43,705	20,230	23,480
Different than province or territory of residence	105	45	55	19,145	9,255	9,895
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	105	55	50	10,050	5,280	4,775
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	15	15	0	2,360	1,305	1,055
Philippines	70	30	40	490	130	360
India	0	0	0	330	175	150
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	0	0	0	3,060	1,745	1,315
China^{Census data footnote 162}	10	10	0	400	195	210
France	0	0	0	40	15	25
Other	15	10	0	3,370	1,705	1,665
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	660	360	300	77,440	36,485	40,950
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	330	215	115	29,590	15,030	14,560
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	330	145	180	47,845	21,460	26,385
Location of study inside Canada	230	95	135	42,940	19,215	23,725
Same as province or territory of residence	155	60	95	31,890	14,075	17,815
Different than province or territory of residence	75	35	35	11,050	5,140	5,910
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	95	50	50	4,905	2,245	2,665
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	10	0	10	1,160	575	585
Philippines	75	35	40	410	115	295
India	0	0	0	250	125	125
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	0	0	0	1,060	570	490
China^{Census data footnote 162}	10	10	0	355	170	180
France	0	0	0	0	0	10
Other	10	0	0	1,665	695	970
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	1,040	560	480	131,685	63,380	68,305
In the labour force	730	460	275	72,745	37,005	35,745
Employed	660	420	240	67,125	33,745	33,385
Unemployed	75	40	30	5,620	3,260	2,355
Not in the labour force	315	105	210	58,940	26,375	32,560
Participation rate	70.2	82.1	57.3	55.2	58.4	52.3
Employment rate	63.5	75.0	50.0	51.0	53.2	48.9
Unemployment rate	10.3	8.7	10.9	7.7	8.8	6.6
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	1,040	560	480	131,685	63,380	68,305
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	280	85	195	54,255	24,220	30,035
Worked	755	475	285	77,430	39,160	38,275
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	365	275	90	33,335	18,690	14,640
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	390	195	190	44,095	20,470	23,630
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.3	44.6	38.5	41.3	41.3	41.2
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	730	460	270	72,745	37,000	35,745
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	20	0	15	1,490	850	635
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	710	460	255	71,255	36,150	35,105
Employee	605	385	225	59,345	29,190	30,155
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	110	75	30	11,910	6,960	4,950
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	730	460	270	72,745	37,005	35,740
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	15	0	15	1,490	855	635
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	710	455	255	71,255	36,150	35,105
0 Management occupations	80	55	20	7,190	4,260	2,925
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	80	25	55	9,355	2,325	7,030
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	10	10	10	4,155	3,350	795
3 Health occupations	55	10	50	5,950	1,230	4,715
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	35	15	25	7,505	2,335	5,170
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	10	0	10	2,210	880	1,325
6 Sales and service occupations	150	75	75	19,285	7,625	11,660
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	150	140	10	11,500	10,835	665
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	110	100	10	2,365	1,860	510
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	35	35	0	1,740	1,440	295
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	730	455	270	72,745	37,005	35,745
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	15	0	15	1,490	850	635
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	715	460	255	71,260	36,150	35,105
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	40	30	10	2,255	1,650	610
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	165	155	10	685	630	55
22 Utilities	0	0	0	280	205	75
23 Construction	45	40	10	6,920	6,080	840
31-33 Manufacturing	90	75	15	3,425	2,570	855
41 Wholesale trade	15	10	10	1,825	1,355	465
44-45 Retail trade	90	40	50	10,150	4,660	5,490
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	40	25	10	3,270	2,500	765
51 Information and cultural industries	0	0	0	1,680	975	705
52 Finance and insurance	10	0	10	2,160	725	1,440
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	10	0	10	1,420	715	700
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	20	10	15	4,620	2,475	2,145
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0	30	20	15
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	0	0	0	3,785	2,135	1,645
61 Educational services	15	0	15	4,620	1,430	3,190
62 Health care and social assistance	80	10	70	9,950	1,910	8,040
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	0	0	0	1,485	695	785
72 Accommodation and food services	45	35	15	5,970	2,200	3,770
81 Other services (except public administration)	20	15	0	3,315	1,410	1,905
91 Public administration	20	15	10	3,410	1,815	1,605
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	660	420	240	67,130	33,740	33,385
Worked at home	50	30	20	6,520	3,025	3,495
Worked outside Canada	0	10	0	240	145	95
No fixed workplace address	130	115	15	10,970	8,245	2,720
Worked at usual place	475	265	200	49,400	22,330	27,070
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	470	270	205	49,400	22,330	27,070
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	340	200	140	31,675	13,300	18,375
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	120	65	55	13,115	6,105	7,005
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	0	0	0	3,925	2,395	1,535
Commute to a different province or territory	10	0	10	685	530	155
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	605	385	220	60,375	30,575	29,795
Car, truck, van - as a driver	470	300	170	48,810	24,840	23,970
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	55	45	10	3,480	1,520	1,955
Public transit	0	0	0	1,995	910	1,085
Walked	65	30	35	3,630	1,600	2,030
Bicycle	10	10	0	850	565	285
Other method	0	0	0	1,605	1,145	455
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	605	385	220	60,370	30,580	29,795
Less than 15 minutes	380	235	145	25,400	11,675	13,720
15 to 29 minutes	70	50	20	22,120	10,860	11,255
30 to 44 minutes	55	30	30	7,585	4,485	3,090
45 to 59 minutes	45	20	15	2,225	1,375	850
60 minutes and over	60	50	15	3,045	2,170	870
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	605	385	220	60,370	30,575	29,795
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	60	55	10	3,470	2,390	1,085
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	180	150	40	8,170	5,185	2,990
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	135	90	45	16,445	8,870	7,575
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	85	30	50	14,105	5,720	8,380
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	45	10	30	8,480	3,320	5,155
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	100	55	45	9,700	5,090	4,610
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	790	490	305	79,905	40,275	39,630
Single responses	790	490	300	79,645	40,130	39,510
Official languages	790	490	300	79,355	39,975	39,385
English	790	485	300	79,195	39,945	39,250
French	0	0	0	165	25	135
Non-official languages	0	0	0	285	160	130
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	285	160	130
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	10	10	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	10	10	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	0	10	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	80	35	45
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	15	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	60	25	40
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	10	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	55	30	30
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	15	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	15	10	10
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	10	10	10
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	10	10	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	10	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	10	10	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	20	10	15
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	15	10	10
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	15	10	15
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	15	10	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	10	10	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	15	10	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	10	10	10
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	20	10	10
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	105	70	40
Chinese languages	0	0	0	105	70	35
Cantonese	0	0	0	25	25	10
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	70	40	35
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	0	0	0	265	145	125
English and French	0	0	0	65	30	35
English and non-official language	0	0	0	195	115	80
French and non-official language	0	0	0	10	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	10	0	10
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	790	485	300	79,910	40,280	39,630
None	755	460	295	78,270	39,595	38,670
English	0	0	0	250	85	170
French	0	0	0	595	250	340
Non-official language	35	25	10	780	340	440
Aboriginal	0	0	0	45	10	35
Non-Aboriginal	35	30	0	735	330	405
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language	0	0	0	15	0	15
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	1,280	660	620	150,580	73,150	77,430
Non-movers	1,115	560	550	126,475	61,380	65,090
Movers	170	95	70	24,100	11,770	12,335
Non-migrants	90	60	30	13,050	6,325	6,730
Migrants	80	40	40	11,050	5,445	5,605
Internal migrants	45	20	30	10,010	4,935	5,080
Intraprovincial migrants	25	15	10	7,175	3,510	3,665
Interprovincial migrants	25	10	20	2,835	1,425	1,410
External migrants	35	20	15	1,035	510	525
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	1,195	625	565	145,350	70,510	74,840
Non-movers	705	365	335	82,855	40,335	42,515
Movers	490	260	230	62,495	30,170	32,325
Non-migrants	190	115	75	29,455	14,160	15,295
Migrants	295	145	155	33,045	16,010	17,030
Internal migrants	215	105	115	29,410	14,235	15,175
Intraprovincial migrants	90	45	45	20,320	9,790	10,535
Interprovincial migrants	125	55	70	9,090	4,445	4,640
External migrants	80	40	40	3,630	1,780	1,855

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 35 referrer

Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Oxbow, T [Census subdivision], Saskatchewan and Nanaimo, RD [Census division], British Columbia (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 4, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Oxbow, Town [Census subdivision], Saskatchewan and Nanaimo, Regional district [Census division], British Columbia

Census Profile, 2016 Census Oxbow, Town [Census subdivision], Saskatchewan and Nanaimo, Regional district [Census division], British Columbia

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Oxbow, Town [Census subdivision], Saskatchewan and Nanaimo, Regional district [Census division], British Columbia