Census Profile, 2016 Census
Horseshoe Bay, Organized hamlet [Designated place], Saskatchewan and Argenteuil--La Petite-Nation [Federal electoral district], Quebec

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Horseshoe Bay, OHM Saskatchewan [Designated place]			Argenteuil--La Petite-Nation Quebec [Federal electoral district]
	Data quality , Horseshoe Bay, Organized hamlet [Designated place], Saskatchewan Map : Horseshoe Bay, Organized hamlet [Designated place], Saskatchewan Change geography 1			Data quality : Argenteuil--La Petite-Nation [Federal electoral district], Quebec Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	37	...	...	95,781	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	45	...	...	94,208	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	-17.8	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	167	...	...	56,597	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	22	...	...	42,508	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	47.3	...	...	19.3	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	0.78	...	...	4,958.84	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	x	x	x	95,785	47,945	47,840
0 to 14 years	x	x	x	14,675	7,535	7,140
0 to 4 years	x	x	x	4,690	2,395	2,300
5 to 9 years	x	x	x	5,210	2,685	2,525
10 to 14 years	x	x	x	4,770	2,455	2,315
15 to 64 years	x	x	x	61,675	30,885	30,790
15 to 19 years	x	x	x	4,790	2,455	2,335
20 to 24 years	x	x	x	4,650	2,390	2,260
25 to 29 years	x	x	x	4,975	2,450	2,530
30 to 34 years	x	x	x	5,090	2,545	2,545
35 to 39 years	x	x	x	5,295	2,615	2,680
40 to 44 years	x	x	x	5,405	2,730	2,675
45 to 49 years	x	x	x	6,135	3,010	3,125
50 to 54 years	x	x	x	8,235	4,150	4,085
55 to 59 years	x	x	x	8,865	4,355	4,505
60 to 64 years	x	x	x	8,235	4,185	4,055
65 years and over	x	x	x	19,440	9,530	9,910
65 to 69 years	x	x	x	7,090	3,690	3,405
70 to 74 years	x	x	x	5,270	2,690	2,585
75 to 79 years	x	x	x	3,175	1,545	1,630
80 to 84 years	x	x	x	2,035	950	1,080
85 years and over	x	x	x	1,860	650	1,210
85 to 89 years	x	x	x	1,220	485	730
90 to 94 years	x	x	x	495	135	360
95 to 99 years	x	x	x	120	20	100
100 years and over	x	x	x	25	5	15
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	x	x	x	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	x	x	x	15.3	15.7	14.9
15 to 64 years	x	x	x	64.4	64.4	64.4
65 years and over	x	x	x	20.3	19.9	20.7
85 years and over	x	x	x	1.9	1.4	2.5
Average age of the population	x	x	x	44.0	43.6	44.5
Median age of the population	x	x	x	47.5	47.1	48.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	x	...	...	42,510	...	...
Single-detached house	x	...	...	29,970	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	x	...	...	10	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	x	...	...	12,310	...	...
Semi-detached house	x	...	...	3,665	...	...
Row house	x	...	...	850	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	x	...	...	2,330	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	x	...	...	5,225	...	...
Other single-attached house	x	...	...	235	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	x	...	...	215	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	x	...	...	42,510	...	...
1 person	x	...	...	13,035	...	...
2 persons	x	...	...	17,025	...	...
3 persons	x	...	...	5,875	...	...
4 persons	x	...	...	4,310	...	...
5 or more persons	x	...	...	2,265	...	...
Number of persons in private households	x	...	...	94,340	...	...
Average household size	x	...	...	2.2	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	x	x	x	81,110	40,415	40,695
Married or living common law	x	x	x	48,245	24,105	24,140
Married	x	x	x	28,495	14,225	14,270
Living common law	x	x	x	19,745	9,875	9,870
Not married and not living common law	x	x	x	32,865	16,310	16,560
Never married	x	x	x	20,525	11,480	9,045
Separated	x	x	x	1,230	615	620
Divorced	x	x	x	6,245	2,985	3,265
Widowed	x	x	x	4,865	1,230	3,635
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	x	...	...	28,560	...	...
2 persons	x	...	...	17,165	...	...
3 persons	x	...	...	5,590	...	...
4 persons	x	...	...	4,060	...	...
5 or more persons	x	...	...	1,745	...	...
Average size of census families	x	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	x	...	...	28,560	...	...
Total couple families	x	...	...	23,785	...	...
Married couples	x	...	...	13,915	...	...
Common-law couples	x	...	...	9,870	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	x	...	...	4,775	...	...
Female parent	x	...	...	3,365	...	...
Male parent	x	...	...	1,405	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	x	...	...	23,790	...	...
Couples without children	x	...	...	14,175	...	...
Couples with children	x	...	...	9,620	...	...
1 child	x	...	...	4,220	...	...
2 children	x	...	...	3,730	...	...
3 or more children	x	...	...	1,665	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	x	...	...	4,775	...	...
1 child	x	...	...	2,995	...	...
2 children	x	...	...	1,370	...	...
3 or more children	x	...	...	410	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	x	x	x	17,665	9,195	8,470
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	x	...	...	42,510	...	...
One-census-family households	x	...	...	27,750	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	x	...	...	13,820	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	x	...	...	13,930	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	x	...	...	400	...	...
Non-census-family households	x	...	...	14,355	...	...
One-person households	x	...	...	13,030	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	x	...	...	1,325	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	x	x	x	95,005	47,640	47,365
English only	x	x	x	3,315	1,675	1,640
French only	x	x	x	42,760	20,255	22,510
English and French	x	x	x	48,870	25,685	23,185
Neither English nor French	x	x	x	60	30	25
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	x	x	x	95,000	47,645	47,360
English	x	x	x	10,245	5,170	5,080
French	x	x	x	84,045	42,120	41,925
English and French	x	x	x	665	325	340
Neither English nor French	x	x	x	45	25	25
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	x	x	x	10,580	5,335	5,245
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	x	x	x	11.1	11.2	11.1
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	x	x	x	95,005	47,640	47,360
Single responses	x	x	x	93,555	46,920	46,640
Official languages	x	x	x	91,995	46,115	45,885
English	x	x	x	9,305	4,705	4,595
French	x	x	x	82,695	41,405	41,285
Non-official languages	x	x	x	1,560	800	755
Aboriginal languages	x	x	x	10	5	10
Algonquian languages	x	x	x	5	0	5
Blackfoot	x	x	x	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	x	x	x	5	0	5
Atikamekw	x	x	x	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	x	x	x	0	0	0
Moose Cree	x	x	x	0	0	0
Naskapi	x	x	x	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	x	x	x	5	0	5
Plains Cree	x	x	x	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	x	x	x	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	x	x	x	0	0	0
Woods Cree	x	x	x	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Malecite	x	x	x	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	x	x	x	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Algonquin	x	x	x	0	0	0
Ojibway	x	x	x	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	x	x	x	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	x	x	x	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	x	x	x	0	0	0
Beaver	x	x	x	0	0	0
Carrier	x	x	x	0	0	0
Chilcotin	x	x	x	0	0	0
Dene	x	x	x	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	x	x	x	0	0	0
Gwich'in	x	x	x	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	x	x	x	0	0	0
Sekani	x	x	x	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	x	x	x	0	0	0
South Slavey	x	x	x	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	x	x	x	0	0	0
Tahltan	x	x	x	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	x	x	x	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	x	x	x	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Haida	x	x	x	0	0	0
Inuit languages	x	x	x	10	0	5
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	x	x	x	0	0	0
Inuktitut	x	x	x	5	0	5
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	5	0	5
Iroquoian languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Cayuga	x	x	x	0	0	0
Mohawk	x	x	x	0	0	0
Oneida	x	x	x	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Kutenai	x	x	x	0	0	0
Michif	x	x	x	0	0	0
Salish languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Comox	x	x	x	0	0	0
Halkomelem	x	x	x	0	0	0
Lillooet	x	x	x	0	0	0
Okanagan	x	x	x	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	x	x	x	0	0	0
Squamish	x	x	x	0	0	0
Straits	x	x	x	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	x	x	x	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Siouan languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Dakota	x	x	x	0	0	0
Stoney	x	x	x	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Tlingit	x	x	x	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	x	x	x	0	0	0
Nisga'a	x	x	x	0	0	0
Tsimshian	x	x	x	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Haisla	x	x	x	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	x	x	x	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	x	x	x	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	x	x	x	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	x	x	x	1,545	800	745
Afro-Asiatic languages	x	x	x	115	65	50
Berber languages	x	x	x	10	5	5
Kabyle	x	x	x	5	0	5
Berber languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	5	5	0
Cushitic languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Bilen	x	x	x	0	0	0
Oromo	x	x	x	0	0	0
Somali	x	x	x	5	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Semitic languages	x	x	x	105	60	40
Amharic	x	x	x	5	5	0
Arabic	x	x	x	100	60	35
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	x	x	x	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	x	x	x	0	0	0
Harari	x	x	x	0	0	0
Hebrew	x	x	x	5	5	0
Maltese	x	x	x	0	0	0
Tigrigna	x	x	x	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	x	x	x	25	10	10
Khmer (Cambodian)	x	x	x	5	5	5
Vietnamese	x	x	x	15	10	10
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	x	x	x	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	x	x	x	15	0	20
Bikol	x	x	x	0	0	0
Cebuano	x	x	x	0	0	0
Fijian	x	x	x	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	x	x	x	0	0	0
Ilocano	x	x	x	5	0	5
Malagasy	x	x	x	0	0	0
Malay	x	x	x	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	x	x	x	0	0	0
Pangasinan	x	x	x	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	x	x	x	10	0	10
Waray-Waray	x	x	x	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Creole languages	x	x	x	25	20	10
Haitian Creole	x	x	x	0	5	5
Creole, n.o.s.	x	x	x	25	15	10
Creole languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	x	x	x	0	0	5
Kannada	x	x	x	0	0	0
Malayalam	x	x	x	0	0	0
Tamil	x	x	x	0	0	5
Telugu	x	x	x	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	x	x	x	1,155	595	560
Albanian	x	x	x	0	0	0
Armenian	x	x	x	15	10	10
Balto-Slavic languages	x	x	x	195	105	90
Baltic languages	x	x	x	10	5	5
Latvian	x	x	x	5	5	0
Lithuanian	x	x	x	5	0	5
Slavic languages	x	x	x	180	95	85
Belarusan	x	x	x	0	0	0
Bosnian	x	x	x	5	0	5
Bulgarian	x	x	x	15	5	5
Croatian	x	x	x	10	5	5
Czech	x	x	x	20	15	5
Macedonian	x	x	x	0	0	0
Polish	x	x	x	60	35	30
Russian	x	x	x	30	10	20
Serbian	x	x	x	10	10	0
Serbo-Croatian	x	x	x	5	0	5
Slovak	x	x	x	5	0	5
Slovene (Slovenian)	x	x	x	5	5	5
Ukrainian	x	x	x	20	5	10
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Celtic languages	x	x	x	10	5	5
Scottish Gaelic	x	x	x	0	0	0
Welsh	x	x	x	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	10	5	0
Germanic languages	x	x	x	305	145	165
Afrikaans	x	x	x	0	0	0
Danish	x	x	x	5	5	5
Dutch	x	x	x	50	25	25
Frisian	x	x	x	0	0	0
German	x	x	x	225	105	125
Icelandic	x	x	x	0	0	0
Norwegian	x	x	x	0	0	0
Swedish	x	x	x	5	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	x	x	x	0	5	0
Yiddish	x	x	x	5	5	5
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	5	5	5
Greek	x	x	x	70	40	35
Indo-Iranian languages	x	x	x	35	20	15
Indo-Aryan languages	x	x	x	15	10	5
Bengali	x	x	x	5	5	5
Gujarati	x	x	x	0	0	0
Hindi	x	x	x	0	5	0
Kashmiri	x	x	x	0	0	0
Konkani	x	x	x	0	0	0
Marathi	x	x	x	0	0	0
Nepali	x	x	x	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	x	x	x	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	x	x	x	5	5	0
Sindhi	x	x	x	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	x	x	x	5	0	0
Urdu	x	x	x	5	0	0
Iranian languages	x	x	x	15	15	5
Kurdish	x	x	x	0	0	0
Pashto	x	x	x	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	x	x	x	15	10	5
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	x	x	x	530	280	250
Catalan	x	x	x	5	0	5
Italian	x	x	x	150	100	50
Portuguese	x	x	x	105	50	55
Romanian	x	x	x	50	25	25
Spanish	x	x	x	220	105	115
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Japanese	x	x	x	5	0	0
Kartvelian languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Georgian	x	x	x	0	0	0
Korean	x	x	x	5	0	5
Mongolic languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Mongolian	x	x	x	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	x	x	x	40	25	20
Akan (Twi)	x	x	x	0	0	0
Bamanankan	x	x	x	5	0	0
Edo	x	x	x	0	0	0
Ewe	x	x	x	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	x	x	x	0	0	0
Ga	x	x	x	0	0	0
Ganda	x	x	x	0	0	0
Igbo	x	x	x	0	0	0
Lingala	x	x	x	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	x	x	x	10	5	5
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	x	x	x	0	0	0
Shona	x	x	x	0	0	0
Swahili	x	x	x	15	10	5
Wolof	x	x	x	5	5	5
Yoruba	x	x	x	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	5	5	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Dinka	x	x	x	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Sign languages	x	x	x	10	5	5
American Sign Language	x	x	x	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	x	x	x	5	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	x	x	x	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	x	x	x	65	35	25
Chinese languages	x	x	x	65	30	30
Cantonese	x	x	x	5	5	5
Hakka	x	x	x	0	0	0
Mandarin	x	x	x	45	25	25
Min Dong	x	x	x	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	x	x	x	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	x	x	x	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	x	x	x	5	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	x	x	x	0	5	0
Burmese	x	x	x	0	5	0
Karenic languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Tibetan	x	x	x	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	x	x	x	10	5	10
Lao	x	x	x	5	0	5
Thai	x	x	x	10	5	10
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	x	x	x	0	0	0
Turkic languages	x	x	x	15	10	5
Azerbaijani	x	x	x	0	0	0
Turkish	x	x	x	15	10	5
Uyghur	x	x	x	0	0	0
Uzbek	x	x	x	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Uralic languages	x	x	x	55	30	30
Estonian	x	x	x	5	5	5
Finnish	x	x	x	0	0	0
Hungarian	x	x	x	55	25	20
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Multiple responses	x	x	x	1,450	725	720
English and French	x	x	x	1,270	635	635
English and non-official language	x	x	x	65	30	30
French and non-official language	x	x	x	80	40	40
English, French and non-official language	x	x	x	35	20	15
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	x	x	x	95,000	47,640	47,365
Single responses	x	x	x	93,350	46,845	46,510
Official languages	x	x	x	92,885	46,610	46,275
English	x	x	x	9,825	4,970	4,855
French	x	x	x	83,065	41,645	41,425
Non-official languages	x	x	x	465	235	230
Aboriginal languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Blackfoot	x	x	x	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Atikamekw	x	x	x	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	x	x	x	5	0	0
Moose Cree	x	x	x	0	0	0
Naskapi	x	x	x	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	x	x	x	0	0	0
Plains Cree	x	x	x	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	x	x	x	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	x	x	x	0	0	0
Woods Cree	x	x	x	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Malecite	x	x	x	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	x	x	x	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Algonquin	x	x	x	0	0	0
Ojibway	x	x	x	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	x	x	x	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	x	x	x	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	x	x	x	0	0	0
Beaver	x	x	x	0	0	0
Carrier	x	x	x	0	0	0
Chilcotin	x	x	x	0	0	0
Dene	x	x	x	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	x	x	x	0	0	0
Gwich'in	x	x	x	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	x	x	x	0	0	0
Sekani	x	x	x	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	x	x	x	0	0	0
South Slavey	x	x	x	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	x	x	x	0	0	0
Tahltan	x	x	x	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	x	x	x	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	x	x	x	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Haida	x	x	x	0	0	0
Inuit languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	x	x	x	0	0	0
Inuktitut	x	x	x	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Cayuga	x	x	x	0	0	0
Mohawk	x	x	x	0	0	0
Oneida	x	x	x	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Kutenai	x	x	x	0	0	0
Michif	x	x	x	0	0	0
Salish languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Comox	x	x	x	0	0	0
Halkomelem	x	x	x	0	0	0
Lillooet	x	x	x	0	0	0
Okanagan	x	x	x	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	x	x	x	0	0	0
Squamish	x	x	x	0	0	0
Straits	x	x	x	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	x	x	x	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Siouan languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Dakota	x	x	x	0	0	0
Stoney	x	x	x	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Tlingit	x	x	x	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	x	x	x	0	0	0
Nisga'a	x	x	x	0	0	0
Tsimshian	x	x	x	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Haisla	x	x	x	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	x	x	x	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	x	x	x	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	x	x	x	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	x	x	x	465	230	230
Afro-Asiatic languages	x	x	x	25	15	15
Berber languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Kabyle	x	x	x	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	x	x	x	0	0	5
Bilen	x	x	x	5	0	0
Oromo	x	x	x	0	0	0
Somali	x	x	x	5	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Semitic languages	x	x	x	25	15	15
Amharic	x	x	x	0	0	0
Arabic	x	x	x	25	10	15
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	x	x	x	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	x	x	x	0	0	0
Harari	x	x	x	0	0	0
Hebrew	x	x	x	0	0	0
Maltese	x	x	x	0	0	0
Tigrigna	x	x	x	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	x	x	x	5	5	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	x	x	x	0	0	0
Vietnamese	x	x	x	5	5	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	x	x	x	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Bikol	x	x	x	0	0	0
Cebuano	x	x	x	0	0	0
Fijian	x	x	x	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	x	x	x	0	0	0
Ilocano	x	x	x	0	0	0
Malagasy	x	x	x	0	0	0
Malay	x	x	x	0	0	5
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	x	x	x	0	0	0
Pangasinan	x	x	x	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	x	x	x	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	x	x	x	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Creole languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	x	x	x	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Kannada	x	x	x	0	0	0
Malayalam	x	x	x	0	0	5
Tamil	x	x	x	0	0	0
Telugu	x	x	x	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	x	x	x	325	155	165
Albanian	x	x	x	0	0	0
Armenian	x	x	x	15	5	10
Balto-Slavic languages	x	x	x	50	30	25
Baltic languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Latvian	x	x	x	0	0	0
Lithuanian	x	x	x	0	0	0
Slavic languages	x	x	x	55	30	25
Belarusan	x	x	x	0	0	0
Bosnian	x	x	x	0	0	0
Bulgarian	x	x	x	5	0	5
Croatian	x	x	x	5	5	5
Czech	x	x	x	5	5	0
Macedonian	x	x	x	0	0	0
Polish	x	x	x	15	10	10
Russian	x	x	x	15	5	5
Serbian	x	x	x	0	5	0
Serbo-Croatian	x	x	x	0	0	0
Slovak	x	x	x	0	5	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	x	x	x	0	0	0
Ukrainian	x	x	x	5	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Celtic languages	x	x	x	5	5	0
Scottish Gaelic	x	x	x	0	0	0
Welsh	x	x	x	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	5	0	0
Germanic languages	x	x	x	55	30	30
Afrikaans	x	x	x	0	0	0
Danish	x	x	x	0	0	0
Dutch	x	x	x	10	0	0
Frisian	x	x	x	0	0	0
German	x	x	x	45	20	25
Icelandic	x	x	x	0	0	0
Norwegian	x	x	x	0	0	0
Swedish	x	x	x	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	x	x	x	0	0	0
Yiddish	x	x	x	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Greek	x	x	x	40	10	30
Indo-Iranian languages	x	x	x	20	10	10
Indo-Aryan languages	x	x	x	15	10	10
Bengali	x	x	x	0	0	0
Gujarati	x	x	x	0	0	0
Hindi	x	x	x	0	0	0
Kashmiri	x	x	x	0	0	0
Konkani	x	x	x	0	0	0
Marathi	x	x	x	0	0	0
Nepali	x	x	x	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	x	x	x	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	x	x	x	5	5	0
Sindhi	x	x	x	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	x	x	x	0	0	0
Urdu	x	x	x	5	5	0
Iranian languages	x	x	x	5	5	0
Kurdish	x	x	x	0	0	0
Pashto	x	x	x	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	x	x	x	5	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	x	x	x	140	70	70
Catalan	x	x	x	0	0	0
Italian	x	x	x	25	15	10
Portuguese	x	x	x	10	5	5
Romanian	x	x	x	35	15	15
Spanish	x	x	x	75	35	35
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Japanese	x	x	x	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Georgian	x	x	x	0	0	0
Korean	x	x	x	5	5	5
Mongolic languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Mongolian	x	x	x	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	x	x	x	5	0	5
Akan (Twi)	x	x	x	0	0	0
Bamanankan	x	x	x	0	0	0
Edo	x	x	x	0	0	0
Ewe	x	x	x	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	x	x	x	0	0	0
Ga	x	x	x	0	0	0
Ganda	x	x	x	0	0	0
Igbo	x	x	x	0	0	0
Lingala	x	x	x	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	x	x	x	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	x	x	x	0	0	0
Shona	x	x	x	0	0	0
Swahili	x	x	x	5	0	0
Wolof	x	x	x	5	0	0
Yoruba	x	x	x	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Dinka	x	x	x	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Sign languages	x	x	x	20	20	10
American Sign Language	x	x	x	0	5	0
Quebec Sign Language	x	x	x	5	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	x	x	x	15	10	5
Sino-Tibetan languages	x	x	x	40	25	20
Chinese languages	x	x	x	40	20	20
Cantonese	x	x	x	10	5	5
Hakka	x	x	x	0	0	0
Mandarin	x	x	x	35	15	15
Min Dong	x	x	x	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	x	x	x	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	x	x	x	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	x	x	x	5	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Burmese	x	x	x	0	0	0
Karenic languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Tibetan	x	x	x	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Lao	x	x	x	0	0	0
Thai	x	x	x	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	x	x	x	0	0	0
Turkic languages	x	x	x	10	5	5
Azerbaijani	x	x	x	0	0	0
Turkish	x	x	x	10	5	5
Uyghur	x	x	x	0	0	0
Uzbek	x	x	x	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Uralic languages	x	x	x	15	10	5
Estonian	x	x	x	5	0	0
Finnish	x	x	x	0	0	0
Hungarian	x	x	x	15	5	5
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Multiple responses	x	x	x	1,655	800	855
English and French	x	x	x	1,310	625	680
English and non-official language	x	x	x	115	50	65
French and non-official language	x	x	x	170	90	80
English, French and non-official language	x	x	x	65	35	35
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	x	x	x	95,005	47,640	47,365
None	x	x	x	82,825	41,525	41,300
English	x	x	x	8,485	4,285	4,195
French	x	x	x	2,835	1,410	1,420
Non-official language	x	x	x	650	305	340
Aboriginal	x	x	x	5	0	5
Non-Aboriginal	x	x	x	640	305	335
English and French	x	x	x	40	20	20
English and non-official language	x	x	x	105	55	50
French and non-official language	x	x	x	70	30	35
English, French and non-official language	x	x	x	5	0	0
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	x	x	x	79,685	39,900	39,790
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	x	x	x	77,140	38,755	38,385
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	x	x	x	30,671	35,707	26,213
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	x	x	x	77,165	38,755	38,410
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	x	x	x	27,718	31,522	24,238
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	x	x	x	66,335	34,185	32,150
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	x	x	x	27,708	32,810	23,192
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	x	x	x	60,620	29,260	31,360
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	x	x	x	8,672	8,336	9,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	x	x	x	52,465	27,670	24,795
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	x	x	x	28,251	32,042	24,987
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	x	x	x	79,680	39,925	39,755
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	x	x	x	76,960	38,655	38,305
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	x	x	x	38,730	44,234	33,176
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	x	x	x	76,995	38,655	38,340
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	x	x	x	32,365	36,275	28,423
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	x	x	x	66,355	34,470	31,880
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	x	x	x	36,282	41,827	30,286
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	x	x	x	60,390	28,905	31,480
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	x	x	x	9,492	9,266	9,699
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	x	x	x	52,455	27,750	24,710
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	x	x	x	35,792	39,879	31,203
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	x	x	x	79,685	39,925	39,755
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	x	x	x	22,710	12,260	10,445
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	x	x	x	44,693	49,982	39,732
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	x	x	x	50,796	55,991	44,699
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	x	x	x	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	x	x	x	80.8	84.4	76.0
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	x	x	x	62.6	63.9	60.7
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	x	x	x	19.2	15.6	24.0
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	x	x	x	79,690	39,895	39,785
Without total income	x	x	x	2,550	1,145	1,400
With total income	x	x	x	77,140	38,750	38,385
Percentage with total income	x	x	x	96.8	97.1	96.5
Under $10,000 (including loss)	x	x	x	9,595	4,130	5,465
$10,000 to $19,999	x	x	x	15,425	6,385	9,035
$20,000 to $29,999	x	x	x	12,840	5,895	6,950
$30,000 to $39,999	x	x	x	10,300	5,240	5,060
$40,000 to $49,999	x	x	x	8,855	4,760	4,100
$50,000 to $59,999	x	x	x	6,385	3,605	2,785
$60,000 to $69,999	x	x	x	4,410	2,610	1,795
$70,000 to $79,999	x	x	x	3,315	1,970	1,350
$80,000 to $89,999	x	x	x	2,040	1,315	725
$90,000 to $99,999	x	x	x	1,210	810	400
$100,000 and over	x	x	x	2,765	2,040	725
$100,000 to $149,999	x	x	x	2,005	1,460	550
$150,000 and over	x	x	x	755	580	180
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	x	x	x	79,685	39,900	39,790
Without after-tax income	x	x	x	2,520	1,145	1,375
With after-tax income	x	x	x	77,165	38,755	38,410
Percentage with after-tax income	x	x	x	96.8	97.1	96.5
Under $10,000 (including loss)	x	x	x	10,060	4,240	5,825
$10,000 to $19,999	x	x	x	16,275	6,810	9,465
$20,000 to $29,999	x	x	x	15,435	7,315	8,120
$30,000 to $39,999	x	x	x	13,010	6,865	6,145
$40,000 to $49,999	x	x	x	9,355	5,315	4,040
$50,000 to $59,999	x	x	x	5,945	3,475	2,470
$60,000 to $69,999	x	x	x	3,295	2,055	1,240
$70,000 to $79,999	x	x	x	1,575	1,055	520
$80,000 and over	x	x	x	2,210	1,630	580
$80,000 to $89,999	x	x	x	800	560	235
$90,000 to $99,999	x	x	x	430	330	105
$100,000 and over	x	x	x	975	735	240
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	x	x	x	79,685	39,895	39,790
Without employment income	x	x	x	27,225	12,230	14,990
With employment income	x	x	x	52,465	27,670	24,795
Percentage with employment income	x	x	x	65.8	69.4	62.3
Under $5,000 (including loss)	x	x	x	7,980	4,190	3,785
$5,000 to $9,999	x	x	x	4,290	1,965	2,325
$10,000 to $19,999	x	x	x	8,210	3,805	4,405
$20,000 to $29,999	x	x	x	6,915	3,235	3,685
$30,000 to $39,999	x	x	x	6,135	3,055	3,080
$40,000 to $49,999	x	x	x	5,105	2,775	2,330
$50,000 to $59,999	x	x	x	4,125	2,385	1,745
$60,000 to $69,999	x	x	x	3,010	1,735	1,275
$70,000 to $79,999	x	x	x	2,465	1,495	980
$80,000 and over	x	x	x	4,225	3,030	1,200
$80,000 to $89,999	x	x	x	1,475	1,010	465
$90,000 to $99,999	x	x	x	890	605	280
$100,000 and over	x	x	x	1,860	1,410	450
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	x	...	...	42,505	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	x	...	...	56,667	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	x	...	...	49,992	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	x	...	...	13,030	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	x	...	...	28,128	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	x	...	...	26,025	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	x	...	...	29,475	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	x	...	...	72,002	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	x	...	...	62,401	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	x	...	...	42,510	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	x	...	...	70,117	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	x	...	...	58,620	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	x	...	...	13,030	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	x	...	...	38,058	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	x	...	...	31,998	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	x	...	...	29,485	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	x	...	...	84,284	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	x	...	...	70,385	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	x	...	...	42,510	...	...
Under $5,000	x	...	...	450	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	x	...	...	700	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	x	...	...	1,545	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	x	...	...	2,315	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	x	...	...	2,455	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	x	...	...	2,015	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	x	...	...	2,530	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	x	...	...	2,290	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	x	...	...	2,240	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	x	...	...	2,045	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	x	...	...	3,880	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	x	...	...	3,390	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	x	...	...	2,970	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	x	...	...	2,615	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	x	...	...	2,165	...	...
$100,000 and over	x	...	...	8,890	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	x	...	...	3,835	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	x	...	...	2,255	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	x	...	...	1,840	...	...
$200,000 and over	x	...	...	960	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	x	...	...	42,510	...	...
Under $5,000	x	...	...	500	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	x	...	...	725	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	x	...	...	1,565	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	x	...	...	2,435	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	x	...	...	2,730	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	x	...	...	2,350	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	x	...	...	3,035	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	x	...	...	2,790	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	x	...	...	2,655	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	x	...	...	2,485	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	x	...	...	4,685	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	x	...	...	3,840	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	x	...	...	3,185	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	x	...	...	2,480	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	x	...	...	1,905	...	...
$100,000 and over	x	...	...	5,160	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	x	...	...	2,945	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	x	...	...	1,175	...	...
$150,000 and over	x	...	...	1,040	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	x	...	...	28,525	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	x	...	...	72,155	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	x	...	...	62,420	...	...
Average family size of economic families	x	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	x	...	...	13,495	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	x	...	...	65,832	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	x	...	...	56,925	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	x	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	x	...	...	9,725	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	x	...	...	97,128	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	x	...	...	82,573	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	x	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	x	...	...	4,580	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	x	...	...	47,774	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	x	...	...	43,722	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	x	...	...	2.5	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	x	...	...	28,480	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	x	...	...	84,384	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	x	...	...	70,335	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	x	...	...	13,445	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	x	...	...	79,079	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	x	...	...	65,159	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	x	...	...	9,710	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	x	...	...	106,348	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	x	...	...	88,392	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	x	...	...	4,615	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	x	...	...	53,357	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	x	...	...	46,966	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	x	x	x	15,885	8,370	7,520
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	x	x	x	26,257	28,838	24,347
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	x	x	x	24,555	26,480	23,433
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	x	x	x	15,945	8,345	7,600
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	x	x	x	36,210	38,752	33,418
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	x	x	x	30,654	32,209	28,948
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	x	x	x	94,340	47,420	46,925
In the bottom half of the distribution	x	x	x	58,915	29,155	29,755
In the bottom decile	x	x	x	9,905	4,985	4,920
In the second decile	x	x	x	12,225	5,765	6,460
In the third decile	x	x	x	12,850	6,320	6,530
In the fourth decile	x	x	x	12,660	6,360	6,305
In the fifth decile	x	x	x	11,280	5,730	5,545
In the top half of the distribution	x	x	x	35,420	18,260	17,165
In the sixth decile	x	x	x	10,415	5,330	5,085
In the seventh decile	x	x	x	8,820	4,510	4,310
In the eighth decile	x	x	x	7,755	4,025	3,735
In the ninth decile	x	x	x	5,275	2,755	2,520
In the top decile	x	x	x	3,160	1,640	1,520
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	x	x	x	94,340	47,415	46,920
0 to 17 years	x	x	x	17,540	8,985	8,560
0 to 5 years	x	x	x	5,725	2,935	2,790
18 to 64 years	x	x	x	58,430	29,235	29,195
65 years and over	x	x	x	18,365	9,200	9,165
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	x	x	x	15,605	7,585	8,020
0 to 17 years	x	x	x	3,095	1,610	1,485
0 to 5 years	x	x	x	1,030	545	480
18 to 64 years	x	x	x	8,935	4,465	4,470
65 years and over	x	x	x	3,580	1,510	2,065
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	x	x	x	16.5	16.0	17.1
0 to 17 years (%)	x	x	x	17.6	17.9	17.3
0 to 5 years (%)	x	x	x	18.0	18.6	17.2
18 to 64 years (%)	x	x	x	15.3	15.3	15.3
65 years and over (%)	x	x	x	19.5	16.4	22.5
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	x	x	x	5,655	2,965	2,690
0 to 17 years	x	x	x	1,010	525	480
0 to 5 years	x	x	x	300	160	140
18 to 64 years	x	x	x	4,330	2,290	2,035
65 years and over	x	x	x	315	145	175
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	x	x	x	6.0	6.3	5.7
0 to 17 years (%)	x	x	x	5.8	5.8	5.6
0 to 5 years (%)	x	x	x	5.2	5.5	5.0
18 to 64 years (%)	x	x	x	7.4	7.8	7.0
65 years and over (%)	x	x	x	1.7	1.6	1.9
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	x	x	x	94,345	47,420	46,925
Official languages	x	x	x	94,295	47,395	46,905
English	x	x	x	51,970	27,160	24,815
French	x	x	x	91,020	45,690	45,330
Non-official languages	x	x	x	4,005	1,995	2,010
Aboriginal languages	x	x	x	25	10	15
Algonquian languages	x	x	x	0	0	10
Blackfoot	x	x	x	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Atikamekw	x	x	x	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	x	x	x	0	0	0
Moose Cree	x	x	x	0	0	0
Naskapi	x	x	x	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	x	x	x	0	0	0
Plains Cree	x	x	x	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	x	x	x	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	x	x	x	0	0	0
Woods Cree	x	x	x	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Malecite	x	x	x	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	x	x	x	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Algonquin	x	x	x	0	0	0
Ojibway	x	x	x	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	x	x	x	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	x	x	x	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	x	x	x	0	0	0
Beaver	x	x	x	0	0	0
Carrier	x	x	x	0	0	0
Chilcotin	x	x	x	0	0	0
Dene	x	x	x	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	x	x	x	0	0	0
Gwich'in	x	x	x	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	x	x	x	0	0	0
Sekani	x	x	x	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	x	x	x	0	0	0
South Slavey	x	x	x	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	x	x	x	0	0	0
Tahltan	x	x	x	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	x	x	x	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	x	x	x	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Haida	x	x	x	0	0	0
Inuit languages	x	x	x	10	0	10
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	x	x	x	0	0	0
Inuktitut	x	x	x	10	0	10
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Cayuga	x	x	x	0	0	0
Mohawk	x	x	x	0	0	0
Oneida	x	x	x	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Kutenai	x	x	x	0	0	0
Michif	x	x	x	0	0	0
Salish languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Comox	x	x	x	0	0	0
Halkomelem	x	x	x	0	0	0
Lillooet	x	x	x	0	0	0
Okanagan	x	x	x	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	x	x	x	0	0	0
Squamish	x	x	x	0	0	0
Straits	x	x	x	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	x	x	x	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Siouan languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Dakota	x	x	x	0	0	0
Stoney	x	x	x	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Tlingit	x	x	x	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	x	x	x	0	0	0
Nisga'a	x	x	x	0	0	0
Tsimshian	x	x	x	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Haisla	x	x	x	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	x	x	x	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	x	x	x	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	x	x	x	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	x	x	x	0	0	10
Non-Aboriginal languages	x	x	x	3,980	1,985	1,995
Afro-Asiatic languages	x	x	x	125	70	55
Berber languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Kabyle	x	x	x	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Bilen	x	x	x	0	0	0
Oromo	x	x	x	0	0	0
Somali	x	x	x	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Semitic languages	x	x	x	120	70	55
Amharic	x	x	x	0	0	0
Arabic	x	x	x	115	65	50
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	x	x	x	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	x	x	x	0	0	0
Harari	x	x	x	0	0	0
Hebrew	x	x	x	10	0	0
Maltese	x	x	x	0	0	0
Tigrigna	x	x	x	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	x	x	x	10	0	10
Khmer (Cambodian)	x	x	x	0	0	10
Vietnamese	x	x	x	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	x	x	x	40	0	35
Bikol	x	x	x	0	0	0
Cebuano	x	x	x	10	0	10
Fijian	x	x	x	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	x	x	x	10	0	0
Ilocano	x	x	x	0	0	0
Malagasy	x	x	x	0	0	0
Malay	x	x	x	10	0	10
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	x	x	x	0	0	0
Pangasinan	x	x	x	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	x	x	x	20	0	25
Waray-Waray	x	x	x	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	10	0
Creole languages	x	x	x	115	65	50
Haitian Creole	x	x	x	10	10	0
Creole, n.o.s.	x	x	x	100	50	45
Creole languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	10	0
Dravidian languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Kannada	x	x	x	0	0	0
Malayalam	x	x	x	0	0	0
Tamil	x	x	x	0	0	0
Telugu	x	x	x	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	x	x	x	3,410	1,705	1,705
Albanian	x	x	x	0	0	0
Armenian	x	x	x	30	10	15
Balto-Slavic languages	x	x	x	210	125	85
Baltic languages	x	x	x	25	10	15
Latvian	x	x	x	15	10	10
Lithuanian	x	x	x	10	0	10
Slavic languages	x	x	x	185	115	75
Belarusan	x	x	x	0	0	0
Bosnian	x	x	x	0	0	0
Bulgarian	x	x	x	0	0	0
Croatian	x	x	x	15	10	10
Czech	x	x	x	15	15	0
Macedonian	x	x	x	0	0	0
Polish	x	x	x	65	40	30
Russian	x	x	x	50	30	20
Serbian	x	x	x	0	10	0
Serbo-Croatian	x	x	x	0	0	0
Slovak	x	x	x	15	0	10
Slovene (Slovenian)	x	x	x	10	10	0
Ukrainian	x	x	x	25	10	15
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Celtic languages	x	x	x	10	10	0
Scottish Gaelic	x	x	x	0	0	0
Welsh	x	x	x	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	10	10	0
Germanic languages	x	x	x	545	285	255
Afrikaans	x	x	x	0	0	0
Danish	x	x	x	10	0	10
Dutch	x	x	x	75	55	25
Frisian	x	x	x	0	0	0
German	x	x	x	475	245	235
Icelandic	x	x	x	0	0	0
Norwegian	x	x	x	0	0	0
Swedish	x	x	x	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	x	x	x	0	0	0
Yiddish	x	x	x	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Greek	x	x	x	85	40	40
Indo-Iranian languages	x	x	x	10	10	0
Indo-Aryan languages	x	x	x	10	0	10
Bengali	x	x	x	0	0	0
Gujarati	x	x	x	0	0	0
Hindi	x	x	x	0	0	0
Kashmiri	x	x	x	0	0	0
Konkani	x	x	x	0	0	0
Marathi	x	x	x	0	0	0
Nepali	x	x	x	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	x	x	x	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	x	x	x	0	0	0
Sindhi	x	x	x	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	x	x	x	0	0	0
Urdu	x	x	x	0	0	0
Iranian languages	x	x	x	10	10	0
Kurdish	x	x	x	0	0	0
Pashto	x	x	x	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	x	x	x	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	x	x	x	2,645	1,290	1,350
Catalan	x	x	x	10	10	0
Italian	x	x	x	410	225	185
Portuguese	x	x	x	190	100	90
Romanian	x	x	x	100	40	55
Spanish	x	x	x	2,095	1,000	1,095
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	10	0
Japanese	x	x	x	20	15	10
Kartvelian languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Georgian	x	x	x	0	0	0
Korean	x	x	x	10	10	10
Mongolic languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Mongolian	x	x	x	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	x	x	x	70	20	45
Akan (Twi)	x	x	x	0	0	0
Bamanankan	x	x	x	0	0	0
Edo	x	x	x	0	0	0
Ewe	x	x	x	10	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	x	x	x	0	0	0
Ga	x	x	x	0	0	0
Ganda	x	x	x	0	0	0
Igbo	x	x	x	0	0	0
Lingala	x	x	x	10	10	10
Rundi (Kirundi)	x	x	x	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	x	x	x	10	10	0
Shona	x	x	x	0	0	0
Swahili	x	x	x	25	10	15
Wolof	x	x	x	10	0	10
Yoruba	x	x	x	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	25	0	15
Nilo-Saharan languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Dinka	x	x	x	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Sign languages	x	x	x	70	35	35
American Sign Language	x	x	x	15	10	10
Quebec Sign Language	x	x	x	30	15	15
Sign languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	30	15	15
Sino-Tibetan languages	x	x	x	85	50	35
Chinese languages	x	x	x	80	45	35
Cantonese	x	x	x	15	10	10
Hakka	x	x	x	0	0	0
Mandarin	x	x	x	70	40	30
Min Dong	x	x	x	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	x	x	x	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	x	x	x	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Burmese	x	x	x	0	0	0
Karenic languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Tibetan	x	x	x	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	x	x	x	0	0	10
Lao	x	x	x	0	0	0
Thai	x	x	x	0	0	10
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Turkic languages	x	x	x	40	30	15
Azerbaijani	x	x	x	0	0	0
Turkish	x	x	x	40	30	10
Uyghur	x	x	x	0	0	0
Uzbek	x	x	x	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Uralic languages	x	x	x	70	40	30
Estonian	x	x	x	15	10	10
Finnish	x	x	x	10	0	10
Hungarian	x	x	x	55	35	20
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	x	x	x	94,340	47,420	46,925
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	x	x	x	93,600	47,035	46,555
Canadian citizens aged under 18	x	x	x	17,525	9,010	8,520
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	x	x	x	76,075	38,030	38,045
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	x	x	x	745	380	365
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	x	x	x	94,345	47,420	46,925
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	x	x	x	91,530	45,935	45,600
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	x	x	x	2,695	1,435	1,265
Before 1981	x	x	x	1,240	725	510
1981 to 1990	x	x	x	320	150	170
1991 to 2000	x	x	x	420	200	220
2001 to 2010	x	x	x	475	230	245
2001 to 2005	x	x	x	250	115	135
2006 to 2010	x	x	x	225	115	110
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	x	x	x	230	115	120
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	x	x	x	120	55	65
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	x	x	x	2,695	1,430	1,260
Under 5 years	x	x	x	460	255	205
5 to 14 years	x	x	x	405	240	165
15 to 24 years	x	x	x	620	350	275
25 to 44 years	x	x	x	1,030	500	535
45 years and over	x	x	x	180	85	90
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	x	x	x	2,690	1,430	1,260
Americas	x	x	x	580	290	290
Brazil	x	x	x	10	0	0
Colombia	x	x	x	40	10	30
El Salvador	x	x	x	15	10	0
Guyana	x	x	x	0	0	10
Haiti	x	x	x	105	65	45
Jamaica	x	x	x	0	0	0
Mexico	x	x	x	60	30	35
Peru	x	x	x	20	0	10
Trinidad and Tobago	x	x	x	15	10	0
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	x	x	x	215	105	110
Other places of birth in Americas	x	x	x	95	55	40
Europe	x	x	x	1,620	930	690
Bosnia and Herzegovina	x	x	x	0	0	0
Croatia	x	x	x	15	10	10
France	x	x	x	580	320	260
Germany	x	x	x	145	80	65
Greece	x	x	x	25	15	0
Hungary	x	x	x	35	30	10
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	x	x	x	20	10	10
Italy	x	x	x	60	45	20
Netherlands	x	x	x	65	50	20
Poland	x	x	x	30	20	10
Portugal	x	x	x	75	45	25
Romania	x	x	x	60	25	35
Russian Federation	x	x	x	10	0	10
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	x	x	x	10	10	0
Ukraine	x	x	x	20	10	10
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	x	x	x	145	65	80
Other places of birth in Europe	x	x	x	340	205	135
Africa	x	x	x	205	90	110
Algeria	x	x	x	20	10	15
Egypt	x	x	x	25	15	10
Ethiopia	x	x	x	0	0	0
Kenya	x	x	x	0	0	10
Morocco	x	x	x	20	15	10
Nigeria	x	x	x	0	0	0
Somalia	x	x	x	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	x	x	x	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	x	x	x	130	55	75
Asia	x	x	x	280	115	165
Afghanistan	x	x	x	0	0	0
Bangladesh	x	x	x	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	x	x	x	85	15	70
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	x	x	x	0	0	0
India	x	x	x	0	0	0
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	x	x	x	10	10	0
Iraq	x	x	x	15	15	0
Japan	x	x	x	10	10	10
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	x	x	x	10	10	0
Lebanon	x	x	x	45	25	20
Pakistan	x	x	x	0	0	0
Philippines	x	x	x	25	0	30
Sri Lanka	x	x	x	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	x	x	x	15	10	0
Taiwan	x	x	x	0	0	0
Viet Nam	x	x	x	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	x	x	x	55	30	20
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	x	x	x	10	10	10
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	x	x	x	230	115	120
Americas	x	x	x	90	40	45
Brazil	x	x	x	0	0	0
Colombia	x	x	x	10	0	0
Cuba	x	x	x	10	0	0
Haiti	x	x	x	10	0	10
Jamaica	x	x	x	0	0	0
Mexico	x	x	x	30	15	15
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	x	x	x	20	15	10
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	x	x	x	10	0	10
Other places of birth in Americas	x	x	x	0	0	0
Europe	x	x	x	85	55	30
France	x	x	x	45	30	15
Germany	x	x	x	0	0	0
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	x	x	x	10	0	0
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	x	x	x	0	0	0
Romania	x	x	x	10	0	10
Russian Federation	x	x	x	0	0	0
Ukraine	x	x	x	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	x	x	x	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	x	x	x	10	15	0
Africa	x	x	x	35	15	15
Algeria	x	x	x	0	0	0
Cameroon	x	x	x	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	x	x	x	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	x	x	x	0	0	10
Egypt	x	x	x	0	0	0
Eritrea	x	x	x	0	0	0
Ethiopia	x	x	x	0	0	0
Morocco	x	x	x	10	0	0
Nigeria	x	x	x	0	0	0
Somalia	x	x	x	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	x	x	x	0	0	0
Tunisia	x	x	x	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	x	x	x	25	15	15
Asia	x	x	x	25	0	25
Afghanistan	x	x	x	0	0	0
Bangladesh	x	x	x	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	x	x	x	0	0	0
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	x	x	x	0	0	0
India	x	x	x	0	0	0
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	x	x	x	0	0	0
Iraq	x	x	x	0	0	0
Israel	x	x	x	0	0	0
Japan	x	x	x	0	0	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	x	x	x	0	0	0
Lebanon	x	x	x	0	0	0
Nepal	x	x	x	0	0	0
Pakistan	x	x	x	0	0	0
Philippines	x	x	x	15	0	15
Saudi Arabia	x	x	x	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	x	x	x	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	x	x	x	0	0	0
Taiwan	x	x	x	0	0	0
Turkey	x	x	x	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	x	x	x	0	0	0
Viet Nam	x	x	x	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	x	x	x	0	0	0
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	x	x	x	0	0	0
Australia	x	x	x	0	0	0
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	x	x	x	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	x	x	x	94,345	47,415	46,925
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	x	x	x	2,960	1,560	1,400
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	x	x	x	3,640	1,855	1,780
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	x	x	x	87,740	44,005	43,745
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	x	x	x	1,480	710	775
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	x	x	x	730	365	370
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	x	x	x	395	235	160
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	x	x	x	340	130	205
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	x	x	x	600	260	345
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	x	x	x	145	80	55
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	x	x	x	0	0	0
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	x	x	x	94,345	47,420	46,925
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	x	x	x	2,475	1,220	1,255
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	x	x	x	2,335	1,160	1,170
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	x	x	x	1,100	535	565
Métis	x	x	x	1,185	600	585
Inuk (Inuit)	x	x	x	55	30	25
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	x	x	x	55	20	40
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	x	x	x	85	40	50
Non-Aboriginal identity	x	x	x	91,865	46,200	45,665
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	x	x	x	94,340	47,415	46,925
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	x	x	x	470	215	255
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	x	x	x	93,875	47,205	46,670
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	x	x	x	94,345	47,420	46,925
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	x	x	x	1,720	830	890
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	x	x	x	1,680	810	870
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	x	x	x	1,410	685	725
Métis single ancestry	x	x	x	245	125	125
Inuit single ancestry	x	x	x	20	10	15
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	x	x	x	40	25	20
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	x	x	x	45	20	20
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	x	x	x	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	x	x	x	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	x	x	x	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	x	x	x	4,925	2,310	2,620
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	x	x	x	4,895	2,290	2,600
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	x	x	x	4,160	1,960	2,205
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	x	x	x	700	320	380
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	x	x	x	35	15	20
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	x	x	x	35	15	15
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	x	x	x	30	15	15
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	x	x	x	0	0	0
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	x	x	x	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	x	x	x	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	x	x	x	87,690	44,280	43,415
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	x	x	x	94,345	47,420	46,925
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	x	x	x	1,230	565	665
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	x	x	x	55	20	35
Chinese	x	x	x	160	45	115
Black	x	x	x	555	280	275
Filipino	x	x	x	30	0	30
Latin American	x	x	x	165	75	90
Arab	x	x	x	105	65	35
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	x	x	x	35	15	20
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	x	x	x	15	0	10
Korean	x	x	x	10	0	0
Japanese	x	x	x	15	0	10
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	x	x	x	50	25	25
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	x	x	x	35	15	20
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	x	x	x	93,115	46,855	46,255
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	x	x	x	94,345	47,420	46,925
North American Aboriginal origins	x	x	x	6,650	3,140	3,510
First Nations (North American Indian)	x	x	x	5,655	2,680	2,975
Inuit	x	x	x	55	25	30
Métis	x	x	x	1,015	475	545
Other North American origins	x	x	x	68,980	34,545	34,435
Acadian	x	x	x	340	155	180
American	x	x	x	485	240	245
Canadian	x	x	x	66,975	33,550	33,430
New Brunswicker	x	x	x	30	15	10
Newfoundlander	x	x	x	0	10	0
Nova Scotian	x	x	x	0	0	0
Ontarian	x	x	x	50	15	35
Québécois	x	x	x	1,975	1,030	945
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	x	x	x	10	0	10
European origins	x	x	x	37,230	18,745	18,485
British Isles origins	x	x	x	13,980	6,810	7,175
Channel Islander	x	x	x	0	0	0
Cornish	x	x	x	0	0	0
English	x	x	x	4,580	2,180	2,405
Irish	x	x	x	8,465	4,075	4,385
Manx	x	x	x	10	10	0
Scottish	x	x	x	4,290	2,130	2,160
Welsh	x	x	x	175	115	60
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	x	x	x	430	210	225
French origins	x	x	x	24,765	12,455	12,320
Alsatian	x	x	x	0	0	0
Breton	x	x	x	95	50	50
Corsican	x	x	x	10	10	0
French	x	x	x	24,700	12,420	12,285
Western European origins (except French origins)	x	x	x	3,690	1,845	1,845
Austrian	x	x	x	135	40	95
Bavarian	x	x	x	0	0	0
Belgian	x	x	x	685	375	310
Dutch	x	x	x	405	190	215
Flemish	x	x	x	0	0	0
Frisian	x	x	x	0	0	0
German	x	x	x	2,350	1,170	1,180
Luxembourger	x	x	x	10	0	10
Swiss	x	x	x	355	200	160
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	x	x	x	0	0	0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	x	x	x	340	150	190
Danish	x	x	x	100	45	60
Finnish	x	x	x	30	15	15
Icelandic	x	x	x	20	10	15
Norwegian	x	x	x	50	15	35
Swedish	x	x	x	140	70	75
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	x	x	x	25	15	10
Eastern European origins	x	x	x	1,360	710	650
Bulgarian	x	x	x	10	10	0
Byelorussian	x	x	x	10	10	0
Czech	x	x	x	45	25	20
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	x	x	x	30	15	15
Estonian	x	x	x	20	10	10
Hungarian	x	x	x	140	75	65
Latvian	x	x	x	20	10	10
Lithuanian	x	x	x	55	35	25
Moldovan	x	x	x	15	10	10
Polish	x	x	x	380	200	185
Romanian	x	x	x	195	85	110
Russian	x	x	x	200	110	90
Slovak	x	x	x	30	20	10
Ukrainian	x	x	x	315	150	165
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	x	x	x	30	20	10
Southern European origins	x	x	x	2,610	1,280	1,330
Albanian	x	x	x	0	0	0
Bosnian	x	x	x	0	0	0
Catalan	x	x	x	15	10	0
Croatian	x	x	x	20	10	10
Cypriot	x	x	x	0	0	0
Greek	x	x	x	190	100	90
Italian	x	x	x	1,585	745	840
Kosovar	x	x	x	0	0	0
Macedonian	x	x	x	0	10	0
Maltese	x	x	x	0	0	10
Montenegrin	x	x	x	0	0	0
Portuguese	x	x	x	390	200	190
Serbian	x	x	x	0	0	0
Sicilian	x	x	x	25	10	10
Slovenian	x	x	x	25	15	15
Spanish	x	x	x	365	195	165
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	x	x	x	70	25	45
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	x	x	x	10	0	10
Other European origins	x	x	x	225	130	95
Basque	x	x	x	15	15	0
Jewish	x	x	x	35	20	10
Roma (Gypsy)	x	x	x	0	0	10
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	x	x	x	0	0	0
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	x	x	x	170	95	75
Caribbean origins	x	x	x	395	205	185
Antiguan	x	x	x	0	0	0
Bahamian	x	x	x	0	0	0
Barbadian	x	x	x	25	10	15
Bermudan	x	x	x	0	0	0
Carib	x	x	x	0	0	0
Cuban	x	x	x	30	20	15
Dominican	x	x	x	50	25	25
Grenadian	x	x	x	0	0	0
Guadeloupean	x	x	x	0	0	0
Haitian	x	x	x	220	120	105
Jamaican	x	x	x	20	10	10
Kittitian/Nevisian	x	x	x	0	0	0
Martinican	x	x	x	0	0	0
Montserratan	x	x	x	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	x	x	x	0	0	0
St. Lucian	x	x	x	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	x	x	x	30	15	15
Vincentian/Grenadinian	x	x	x	0	0	10
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	x	x	x	10	0	0
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	x	x	x	15	15	0
Latin, Central and South American origins	x	x	x	420	215	205
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	x	x	x	20	20	0
Arawak	x	x	x	0	0	0
Argentinian	x	x	x	20	10	10
Belizean	x	x	x	0	0	0
Bolivian	x	x	x	0	0	0
Brazilian	x	x	x	15	10	10
Chilean	x	x	x	15	15	10
Colombian	x	x	x	60	25	35
Costa Rican	x	x	x	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	x	x	x	0	0	0
Guatemalan	x	x	x	0	10	0
Guyanese	x	x	x	15	0	10
Hispanic	x	x	x	0	0	0
Honduran	x	x	x	0	0	0
Maya	x	x	x	30	10	20
Mexican	x	x	x	160	90	70
Nicaraguan	x	x	x	0	0	0
Panamanian	x	x	x	0	0	0
Paraguayan	x	x	x	0	0	0
Peruvian	x	x	x	30	15	20
Salvadorean	x	x	x	25	20	0
Uruguayan	x	x	x	0	0	0
Venezuelan	x	x	x	15	10	0
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	x	x	x	15	0	10
African origins	x	x	x	535	285	255
Central and West African origins	x	x	x	90	35	60
Akan	x	x	x	0	0	0
Angolan	x	x	x	0	0	0
Ashanti	x	x	x	0	0	0
Beninese	x	x	x	0	0	0
Burkinabe	x	x	x	0	0	0
Cameroonian	x	x	x	30	10	20
Chadian	x	x	x	0	0	0
Congolese	x	x	x	15	0	10
Edo	x	x	x	0	0	0
Ewe	x	x	x	0	0	0
Gabonese	x	x	x	0	0	0
Gambian	x	x	x	0	0	0
Ghanaian	x	x	x	0	0	0
Guinean	x	x	x	10	0	15
Ibo	x	x	x	0	0	0
Ivorian	x	x	x	0	0	0
Liberian	x	x	x	0	0	0
Malian	x	x	x	0	0	0
Malinké	x	x	x	0	0	0
Nigerian	x	x	x	10	0	10
Peulh	x	x	x	0	0	0
Senegalese	x	x	x	25	10	15
Sierra Leonean	x	x	x	0	0	0
Togolese	x	x	x	15	0	10
Wolof	x	x	x	0	0	0
Yoruba	x	x	x	0	0	0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	x	x	x	10	0	0
North African origins	x	x	x	210	135	85
Algerian	x	x	x	50	40	10
Berber	x	x	x	10	0	0
Coptic	x	x	x	0	0	0
Dinka	x	x	x	0	0	0
Egyptian	x	x	x	60	30	30
Libyan	x	x	x	0	0	0
Maure	x	x	x	0	0	0
Moroccan	x	x	x	65	35	30
Sudanese	x	x	x	0	0	0
Tunisian	x	x	x	40	30	10
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	x	x	x	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins	x	x	x	120	45	70
Afrikaner	x	x	x	0	0	0
Amhara	x	x	x	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	x	x	x	0	0	0
Burundian	x	x	x	10	0	10
Djiboutian	x	x	x	0	0	0
Eritrean	x	x	x	0	0	0
Ethiopian	x	x	x	0	0	0
Harari	x	x	x	0	0	0
Kenyan	x	x	x	0	0	0
Malagasy	x	x	x	15	0	15
Mauritian	x	x	x	0	10	0
Oromo	x	x	x	0	0	0
Rwandan	x	x	x	50	20	30
Seychellois	x	x	x	10	0	10
Somali	x	x	x	10	0	0
South African	x	x	x	10	10	0
Tanzanian	x	x	x	0	0	0
Tigrian	x	x	x	0	0	0
Ugandan	x	x	x	0	0	0
Zambian	x	x	x	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	x	x	x	15	0	10
Zulu	x	x	x	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	x	x	x	0	0	0
Other African origins	x	x	x	120	70	50
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	x	x	x	35	20	20
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	x	x	x	85	55	30
Asian origins	x	x	x	875	425	450
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	x	x	x	470	275	195
Afghan	x	x	x	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	x	x	x	30	15	15
Armenian	x	x	x	60	30	25
Assyrian	x	x	x	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	x	x	x	0	0	0
Georgian	x	x	x	0	0	0
Hazara	x	x	x	0	0	0
Iranian	x	x	x	25	20	0
Iraqi	x	x	x	20	10	10
Israeli	x	x	x	10	0	0
Jordanian	x	x	x	0	0	0
Kazakh	x	x	x	0	0	0
Kurd	x	x	x	0	0	0
Kuwaiti	x	x	x	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	x	x	x	0	0	0
Lebanese	x	x	x	205	120	85
Palestinian	x	x	x	0	0	0
Pashtun	x	x	x	0	0	0
Saudi Arabian	x	x	x	0	0	0
Syrian	x	x	x	70	35	40
Tajik	x	x	x	0	0	0
Tatar	x	x	x	10	0	10
Turk	x	x	x	45	30	15
Turkmen	x	x	x	0	0	0
Uighur	x	x	x	0	0	0
Uzbek	x	x	x	0	0	0
Yemeni	x	x	x	10	10	10
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	x	x	x	0	0	0
South Asian origins	x	x	x	70	25	45
Bangladeshi	x	x	x	0	0	0
Bengali	x	x	x	0	0	0
Bhutanese	x	x	x	0	0	0
East Indian	x	x	x	65	20	45
Goan	x	x	x	0	0	0
Gujarati	x	x	x	0	0	0
Kashmiri	x	x	x	0	0	0
Nepali	x	x	x	0	0	0
Pakistani	x	x	x	10	0	0
Punjabi	x	x	x	0	0	0
Sinhalese	x	x	x	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	x	x	x	0	0	0
Tamil	x	x	x	0	0	0
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	x	x	x	0	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins	x	x	x	350	130	215
Burmese	x	x	x	10	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	x	x	x	15	10	10
Chinese	x	x	x	275	110	160
Filipino	x	x	x	30	0	25
Hmong	x	x	x	0	0	0
Indonesian	x	x	x	0	0	0
Japanese	x	x	x	15	10	10
Karen	x	x	x	0	0	0
Korean	x	x	x	10	10	0
Laotian	x	x	x	0	0	0
Malaysian	x	x	x	0	0	0
Mongolian	x	x	x	0	10	0
Singaporean	x	x	x	0	0	0
Taiwanese	x	x	x	0	0	0
Thai	x	x	x	0	0	0
Tibetan	x	x	x	0	0	0
Vietnamese	x	x	x	15	10	10
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	x	x	x	0	0	0
Other Asian origins	x	x	x	0	0	0
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	x	x	x	0	0	0
Oceania origins	x	x	x	0	0	0
Australian	x	x	x	0	0	0
New Zealander	x	x	x	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins	x	x	x	0	0	0
Fijian	x	x	x	0	0	0
Hawaiian	x	x	x	0	0	10
Maori	x	x	x	0	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	x	x	x	0	0	0
Samoan	x	x	x	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	x	x	x	0	0	0
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	x	...	...	42,510	...	...
Owner	x	...	...	31,575	...	...
Renter	x	...	...	10,935	...	...
Band housing	x	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	x	...	...	42,510	...	...
Condominium	x	...	...	1,290	...	...
Not condominium	x	...	...	41,220	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	x	...	...	42,510	...	...
No bedrooms	x	...	...	65	...	...
1 bedroom	x	...	...	4,390	...	...
2 bedrooms	x	...	...	13,980	...	...
3 bedrooms	x	...	...	16,315	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	x	...	...	7,765	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	x	...	...	42,510	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	x	...	...	10,315	...	...
5 rooms	x	...	...	7,875	...	...
6 rooms	x	...	...	7,285	...	...
7 rooms	x	...	...	6,175	...	...
8 or more rooms	x	...	...	10,860	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	x	...	...	6.2	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	x	...	...	42,510	...	...
One person or fewer per room	x	...	...	42,360	...	...
More than 1 person per room	x	...	...	155	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	x	...	...	42,510	...	...
Suitable	x	...	...	41,430	...	...
Not suitable	x	...	...	1,080	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	x	...	...	42,510	...	...
1960 or before	x	...	...	10,690	...	...
1961 to 1980	x	...	...	11,125	...	...
1981 to 1990	x	...	...	5,795	...	...
1991 to 2000	x	...	...	5,790	...	...
2001 to 2005	x	...	...	2,600	...	...
2006 to 2010	x	...	...	3,675	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	x	...	...	2,840	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	x	...	...	42,510	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	x	...	...	39,190	...	...
Major repairs needed	x	...	...	3,320	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	x	...	...	42,510	...	...
1 household maintainer	x	...	...	26,540	...	...
2 household maintainers	x	...	...	15,620	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	x	...	...	350	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	x	...	...	42,510	...	...
15 to 24 years	x	...	...	1,045	...	...
25 to 34 years	x	...	...	4,930	...	...
35 to 44 years	x	...	...	6,025	...	...
45 to 54 years	x	...	...	8,355	...	...
55 to 64 years	x	...	...	9,980	...	...
65 to 74 years	x	...	...	7,840	...	...
75 to 84 years	x	...	...	3,385	...	...
85 years and over	x	...	...	945	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	x	...	...	42,090	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	x	...	...	33,530	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	x	...	...	8,560	...	...
30% to less than 100%	x	...	...	7,740	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	x	...	...	31,205	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	x	...	...	61.6	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	x	...	...	14.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	x	...	...	864	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	x	...	...	928	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	x	...	...	200,159	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	x	...	...	233,368	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	x	...	...	10,920	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	x	...	...	8.1	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	x	...	...	37.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	x	...	...	688	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	x	...	...	718	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	x	x	x	79,685	39,925	39,760
No certificate, diploma or degree	x	x	x	21,345	11,740	9,605
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	x	x	x	18,800	8,885	9,915
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	x	x	x	39,540	19,310	20,235
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	x	x	x	16,640	9,605	7,035
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	x	x	x	11,940	6,050	5,890
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	x	x	x	4,705	3,555	1,145
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	x	x	x	11,865	5,010	6,865
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	x	x	x	2,335	890	1,450
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	x	x	x	8,695	3,810	4,885
Bachelor's degree	x	x	x	6,215	2,515	3,700
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	x	x	x	735	355	385
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	x	x	x	220	135	85
Master's degree	x	x	x	1,315	690	620
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	x	x	x	205	110	95
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	x	x	x	51,885	25,730	26,155
No certificate, diploma or degree	x	x	x	10,600	6,230	4,370
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	x	x	x	11,680	5,510	6,170
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	x	x	x	29,605	13,990	15,615
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	x	x	x	12,980	7,250	5,735
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	x	x	x	9,445	4,560	4,880
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	x	x	x	3,540	2,685	850
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	x	x	x	8,710	3,695	5,010
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	x	x	x	1,455	550	905
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	x	x	x	6,455	2,495	3,965
Bachelor's degree	x	x	x	4,750	1,775	2,980
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	x	x	x	520	205	315
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	x	x	x	115	55	60
Master's degree	x	x	x	940	405	530
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	x	x	x	120	55	70
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	x	x	x	79,680	39,930	39,760
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	x	x	x	40,140	20,620	19,525
Education	x	x	x	3,130	855	2,275
13. Education	x	x	x	3,130	860	2,270
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	x	x	x	1,115	420	695
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	x	x	x	190	110	80
50. Visual and performing arts	x	x	x	925	310	615
Humanities	x	x	x	1,705	700	1,005
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	x	x	x	265	70	195
23. English language and literature/letters	x	x	x	70	25	45
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	x	x	x	845	320	525
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	x	x	x	10	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	x	x	x	65	50	20
39. Theology and religious vocations	x	x	x	105	70	35
54. History	x	x	x	170	100	70
55. French language and literature/letters	x	x	x	175	60	115
Social and behavioural sciences and law	x	x	x	2,935	900	2,035
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	x	x	x	15	0	15
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	x	x	x	335	135	200
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	x	x	x	730	45	685
22. Legal professions and studies	x	x	x	395	175	225
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	x	x	x	95	10	85
42. Psychology	x	x	x	495	95	400
45. Social sciences	x	x	x	870	450	420
Business, management and public administration	x	x	x	8,520	2,395	6,120
30.16 Accounting and computer science	x	x	x	10	0	10
44. Public administration and social service professions	x	x	x	530	125	405
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	x	x	x	7,975	2,265	5,705
Physical and life sciences and technologies	x	x	x	810	460	355
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	x	x	x	265	115	150
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	x	x	x	155	95	65
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	x	x	x	100	50	50
40. Physical sciences	x	x	x	210	150	60
41. Science technologies/technicians	x	x	x	80	50	30
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	x	x	x	1,080	685	395
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	x	x	x	930	620	310
25. Library science	x	x	x	80	25	55
27. Mathematics and statistics	x	x	x	60	40	20
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	x	x	x	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	x	x	x	9,265	8,720	545
04. Architecture and related services	x	x	x	180	115	65
14. Engineering	x	x	x	565	510	55
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	x	x	x	1,655	1,500	155
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	x	x	x	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	x	x	x	2,600	2,540	55
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	x	x	x	2,695	2,555	135
48. Precision production	x	x	x	1,570	1,505	65
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	x	x	x	1,255	870	390
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	x	x	x	750	450	300
03. Natural resources and conservation	x	x	x	510	420	85
Health and related fields	x	x	x	5,150	800	4,340
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	x	x	x	330	180	145
51. Health professions and related programs	x	x	x	4,780	595	4,190
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	x	x	x	40	30	10
Personal, protective and transportation services	x	x	x	4,580	2,495	2,085
12. Personal and culinary services	x	x	x	2,490	655	1,835
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	x	x	x	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	x	x	x	30	25	0
43. Security and protective services	x	x	x	905	755	150
49. Transportation and materials moving	x	x	x	1,150	1,060	95
Other	x	x	x	10	10	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	x	x	x	10	10	10
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	x	x	x	51,885	25,735	26,150
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	x	x	x	22,280	11,745	10,540
Education	x	x	x	1,925	425	1,505
13. Education	x	x	x	1,925	425	1,500
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	x	x	x	810	260	545
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	x	x	x	140	90	55
50. Visual and performing arts	x	x	x	670	175	490
Humanities	x	x	x	1,110	425	685
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	x	x	x	195	60	140
23. English language and literature/letters	x	x	x	30	20	15
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	x	x	x	535	175	360
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	x	x	x	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	x	x	x	25	20	10
39. Theology and religious vocations	x	x	x	50	35	15
54. History	x	x	x	130	85	45
55. French language and literature/letters	x	x	x	145	40	105
Social and behavioural sciences and law	x	x	x	2,410	680	1,730
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	x	x	x	10	0	15
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	x	x	x	285	110	170
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	x	x	x	655	40	615
22. Legal professions and studies	x	x	x	295	95	200
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	x	x	x	60	10	50
42. Psychology	x	x	x	375	55	315
45. Social sciences	x	x	x	730	360	370
Business, management and public administration	x	x	x	6,545	1,705	4,840
30.16 Accounting and computer science	x	x	x	10	10	10
44. Public administration and social service professions	x	x	x	405	75	330
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	x	x	x	6,125	1,625	4,505
Physical and life sciences and technologies	x	x	x	515	275	235
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	x	x	x	205	90	120
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	x	x	x	95	60	35
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	x	x	x	30	20	15
40. Physical sciences	x	x	x	135	85	45
41. Science technologies/technicians	x	x	x	50	25	25
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	x	x	x	915	580	335
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	x	x	x	825	545	280
25. Library science	x	x	x	50	10	45
27. Mathematics and statistics	x	x	x	40	30	10
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	x	x	x	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	x	x	x	6,895	6,435	460
04. Architecture and related services	x	x	x	140	85	55
14. Engineering	x	x	x	415	370	55
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	x	x	x	1,310	1,180	130
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	x	x	x	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	x	x	x	1,920	1,870	45
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	x	x	x	2,020	1,905	110
48. Precision production	x	x	x	1,090	1,025	60
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	x	x	x	985	670	315
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	x	x	x	560	325	240
03. Natural resources and conservation	x	x	x	420	345	75
Health and related fields	x	x	x	3,855	560	3,295
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	x	x	x	245	130	115
51. Health professions and related programs	x	x	x	3,600	430	3,170
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	x	x	x	10	0	10
Personal, protective and transportation services	x	x	x	3,635	1,965	1,670
12. Personal and culinary services	x	x	x	1,970	495	1,475
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	x	x	x	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	x	x	x	25	20	10
43. Security and protective services	x	x	x	670	555	115
49. Transportation and materials moving	x	x	x	965	895	70
Other	x	x	x	10	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	x	x	x	10	10	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	x	x	x	79,680	39,925	39,755
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	x	x	x	40,140	20,620	19,525
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	x	x	x	39,540	19,305	20,230
Location of study inside Canada	x	x	x	38,385	18,640	19,745
Same as province or territory of residence	x	x	x	33,420	16,100	17,325
Different than province or territory of residence	x	x	x	4,960	2,540	2,420
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	x	x	x	1,160	665	490
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	x	x	x	265	155	110
Philippines	x	x	x	10	0	10
India	x	x	x	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	x	x	x	80	45	35
China^{Census data footnote 162}	x	x	x	20	10	10
France	x	x	x	325	200	125
Other	x	x	x	465	260	205
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	x	x	x	51,885	25,730	26,155
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	x	x	x	22,285	11,740	10,540
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	x	x	x	29,605	13,990	15,615
Location of study inside Canada	x	x	x	28,925	13,635	15,290
Same as province or territory of residence	x	x	x	25,290	11,820	13,470
Different than province or territory of residence	x	x	x	3,635	1,815	1,825
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	x	x	x	675	355	320
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	x	x	x	155	85	70
Philippines	x	x	x	10	0	0
India	x	x	x	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	x	x	x	40	25	15
China^{Census data footnote 162}	x	x	x	20	10	10
France	x	x	x	200	110	90
Other	x	x	x	260	125	130
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	x	x	x	79,685	39,925	39,755
In the labour force	x	x	x	46,945	24,840	22,105
Employed	x	x	x	43,620	22,730	20,895
Unemployed	x	x	x	3,320	2,115	1,210
Not in the labour force	x	x	x	32,740	15,085	17,650
Participation rate	x	x	x	58.9	62.2	55.6
Employment rate	x	x	x	54.7	56.9	52.6
Unemployment rate	x	x	x	7.1	8.5	5.5
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	x	x	x	79,685	39,925	39,755
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	x	x	x	30,715	14,070	16,645
Worked	x	x	x	48,970	25,860	23,110
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	x	x	x	23,400	12,760	10,640
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	x	x	x	25,565	13,100	12,465
Average weeks worked in reference year	x	x	x	42.5	42.4	42.6
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	x	x	x	46,940	24,840	22,100
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	x	x	x	1,100	620	485
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	x	x	x	45,840	24,225	21,615
Employee	x	x	x	39,115	19,945	19,165
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	x	x	x	6,730	4,275	2,455
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	x	x	x	46,945	24,840	22,105
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	x	x	x	1,105	620	485
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	x	x	x	45,840	24,225	21,615
0 Management occupations	x	x	x	4,535	2,820	1,715
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	x	x	x	6,950	1,735	5,210
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	x	x	x	1,930	1,520	410
3 Health occupations	x	x	x	2,960	435	2,520
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	x	x	x	5,240	1,365	3,875
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	x	x	x	925	435	490
6 Sales and service occupations	x	x	x	10,860	4,675	6,180
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	x	x	x	9,030	8,525	510
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	x	x	x	1,060	875	180
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	x	x	x	2,345	1,835	515
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	x	x	x	46,940	24,840	22,100
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	x	x	x	1,105	620	485
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	x	x	x	45,835	24,225	21,620
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	x	x	x	1,055	750	305
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	x	x	x	190	165	25
22 Utilities	x	x	x	325	255	70
23 Construction	x	x	x	4,530	4,065	460
31-33 Manufacturing	x	x	x	4,595	3,590	1,005
41 Wholesale trade	x	x	x	1,215	915	290
44-45 Retail trade	x	x	x	5,925	2,875	3,055
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	x	x	x	2,175	1,595	580
51 Information and cultural industries	x	x	x	465	295	175
52 Finance and insurance	x	x	x	1,005	295	710
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	x	x	x	585	350	240
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	x	x	x	1,875	895	975
55 Management of companies and enterprises	x	x	x	0	0	10
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	x	x	x	2,325	1,555	770
61 Educational services	x	x	x	2,905	805	2,095
62 Health care and social assistance	x	x	x	5,525	775	4,750
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	x	x	x	975	555	420
72 Accommodation and food services	x	x	x	3,510	1,275	2,235
81 Other services (except public administration)	x	x	x	2,205	1,070	1,135
91 Public administration	x	x	x	4,460	2,135	2,325
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	x	x	x	43,625	22,730	20,895
Worked at home	x	x	x	3,315	1,650	1,660
Worked outside Canada	x	x	x	60	45	10
No fixed workplace address	x	x	x	5,225	4,280	945
Worked at usual place	x	x	x	35,025	16,750	18,275
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	x	x	x	35,025	16,745	18,275
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	x	x	x	13,530	6,120	7,410
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	x	x	x	5,375	2,415	2,955
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	x	x	x	11,930	6,240	5,695
Commute to a different province or territory	x	x	x	4,195	1,975	2,220
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	x	x	x	40,245	21,030	19,215
Car, truck, van - as a driver	x	x	x	34,620	18,695	15,920
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	x	x	x	1,805	710	1,095
Public transit	x	x	x	1,710	620	1,090
Walked	x	x	x	1,580	640	935
Bicycle	x	x	x	155	125	25
Other method	x	x	x	380	230	150
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	x	x	x	40,250	21,030	19,220
Less than 15 minutes	x	x	x	11,920	5,705	6,215
15 to 29 minutes	x	x	x	9,960	4,990	4,970
30 to 44 minutes	x	x	x	8,740	4,635	4,100
45 to 59 minutes	x	x	x	4,480	2,540	1,935
60 minutes and over	x	x	x	5,160	3,155	2,000
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	x	x	x	40,250	21,030	19,215
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	x	x	x	4,865	3,570	1,295
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	x	x	x	9,590	5,665	3,930
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	x	x	x	11,030	5,070	5,960
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	x	x	x	6,010	2,320	3,695
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	x	x	x	2,740	995	1,740
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	x	x	x	6,015	3,410	2,600
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	x	x	x	50,495	26,600	23,900
Single responses	x	x	x	47,245	24,945	22,305
Official languages	x	x	x	47,220	24,930	22,290
English	x	x	x	6,150	3,515	2,635
French	x	x	x	41,070	21,415	19,655
Non-official languages	x	x	x	30	15	15
Aboriginal languages	x	x	x	0	0	10
Algonquian languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Blackfoot	x	x	x	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	x	x	x	10	0	10
Atikamekw	x	x	x	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	x	x	x	10	0	0
Moose Cree	x	x	x	0	0	0
Naskapi	x	x	x	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	x	x	x	0	0	0
Plains Cree	x	x	x	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	x	x	x	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	x	x	x	0	0	0
Woods Cree	x	x	x	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Malecite	x	x	x	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	x	x	x	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Algonquin	x	x	x	0	0	0
Ojibway	x	x	x	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	x	x	x	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	x	x	x	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	x	x	x	0	0	0
Beaver	x	x	x	0	0	0
Carrier	x	x	x	0	0	0
Chilcotin	x	x	x	0	0	0
Dene	x	x	x	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	x	x	x	0	0	0
Gwich'in	x	x	x	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	x	x	x	0	0	0
Sekani	x	x	x	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	x	x	x	0	0	0
South Slavey	x	x	x	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	x	x	x	0	0	0
Tahltan	x	x	x	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	x	x	x	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	x	x	x	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Haida	x	x	x	0	0	0
Inuit languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	x	x	x	0	0	0
Inuktitut	x	x	x	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Cayuga	x	x	x	0	0	0
Mohawk	x	x	x	0	0	0
Oneida	x	x	x	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Kutenai	x	x	x	0	0	0
Michif	x	x	x	0	0	0
Salish languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Comox	x	x	x	0	0	0
Halkomelem	x	x	x	0	0	0
Lillooet	x	x	x	0	0	0
Okanagan	x	x	x	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	x	x	x	0	0	0
Squamish	x	x	x	0	0	0
Straits	x	x	x	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	x	x	x	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Siouan languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Dakota	x	x	x	0	0	0
Stoney	x	x	x	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Tlingit	x	x	x	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	x	x	x	0	0	0
Nisga'a	x	x	x	0	0	0
Tsimshian	x	x	x	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Haisla	x	x	x	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	x	x	x	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	x	x	x	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	x	x	x	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	x	x	x	25	10	10
Afro-Asiatic languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Berber languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Kabyle	x	x	x	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Bilen	x	x	x	0	0	0
Oromo	x	x	x	0	0	0
Somali	x	x	x	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Semitic languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Amharic	x	x	x	0	0	0
Arabic	x	x	x	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	x	x	x	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	x	x	x	0	0	0
Harari	x	x	x	0	0	0
Hebrew	x	x	x	0	0	0
Maltese	x	x	x	0	0	0
Tigrigna	x	x	x	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	x	x	x	0	0	0
Vietnamese	x	x	x	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	x	x	x	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Bikol	x	x	x	0	0	0
Cebuano	x	x	x	0	0	0
Fijian	x	x	x	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	x	x	x	0	0	0
Ilocano	x	x	x	0	0	0
Malagasy	x	x	x	0	0	0
Malay	x	x	x	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	x	x	x	0	0	0
Pangasinan	x	x	x	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	x	x	x	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	x	x	x	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Creole languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	x	x	x	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Kannada	x	x	x	0	0	0
Malayalam	x	x	x	0	0	0
Tamil	x	x	x	0	0	0
Telugu	x	x	x	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	x	x	x	20	15	0
Albanian	x	x	x	0	0	0
Armenian	x	x	x	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Baltic languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Latvian	x	x	x	0	0	0
Lithuanian	x	x	x	0	0	0
Slavic languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Belarusan	x	x	x	0	0	0
Bosnian	x	x	x	0	0	0
Bulgarian	x	x	x	0	0	0
Croatian	x	x	x	0	0	0
Czech	x	x	x	0	0	0
Macedonian	x	x	x	0	0	0
Polish	x	x	x	0	0	0
Russian	x	x	x	0	0	0
Serbian	x	x	x	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	x	x	x	0	0	0
Slovak	x	x	x	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	x	x	x	0	0	0
Ukrainian	x	x	x	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Celtic languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	x	x	x	0	0	0
Welsh	x	x	x	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Germanic languages	x	x	x	10	0	0
Afrikaans	x	x	x	0	0	0
Danish	x	x	x	0	0	0
Dutch	x	x	x	0	0	0
Frisian	x	x	x	0	0	0
German	x	x	x	10	10	0
Icelandic	x	x	x	0	0	0
Norwegian	x	x	x	0	0	0
Swedish	x	x	x	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	x	x	x	0	0	0
Yiddish	x	x	x	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Greek	x	x	x	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Bengali	x	x	x	0	0	0
Gujarati	x	x	x	0	0	0
Hindi	x	x	x	0	0	0
Kashmiri	x	x	x	0	0	0
Konkani	x	x	x	0	0	0
Marathi	x	x	x	0	0	0
Nepali	x	x	x	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	x	x	x	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	x	x	x	0	0	0
Sindhi	x	x	x	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	x	x	x	0	0	0
Urdu	x	x	x	0	0	0
Iranian languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Kurdish	x	x	x	0	0	0
Pashto	x	x	x	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	x	x	x	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	x	x	x	10	10	0
Catalan	x	x	x	0	0	0
Italian	x	x	x	0	0	0
Portuguese	x	x	x	0	0	0
Romanian	x	x	x	0	0	0
Spanish	x	x	x	10	10	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Japanese	x	x	x	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Georgian	x	x	x	0	0	0
Korean	x	x	x	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Mongolian	x	x	x	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	x	x	x	0	0	0
Bamanankan	x	x	x	0	0	0
Edo	x	x	x	0	0	0
Ewe	x	x	x	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	x	x	x	0	0	0
Ga	x	x	x	0	0	0
Ganda	x	x	x	0	0	0
Igbo	x	x	x	0	0	0
Lingala	x	x	x	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	x	x	x	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	x	x	x	0	0	0
Shona	x	x	x	0	0	0
Swahili	x	x	x	0	0	0
Wolof	x	x	x	0	0	0
Yoruba	x	x	x	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Dinka	x	x	x	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Sign languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
American Sign Language	x	x	x	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	x	x	x	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	x	x	x	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Chinese languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Cantonese	x	x	x	0	0	0
Hakka	x	x	x	0	0	0
Mandarin	x	x	x	0	0	0
Min Dong	x	x	x	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	x	x	x	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	x	x	x	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Burmese	x	x	x	0	0	0
Karenic languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Tibetan	x	x	x	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Lao	x	x	x	0	0	0
Thai	x	x	x	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	x	x	x	0	0	0
Turkic languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	x	x	x	0	0	0
Turkish	x	x	x	0	0	0
Uyghur	x	x	x	0	0	0
Uzbek	x	x	x	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Uralic languages	x	x	x	0	0	0
Estonian	x	x	x	0	0	0
Finnish	x	x	x	0	0	0
Hungarian	x	x	x	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0
Multiple responses	x	x	x	3,245	1,655	1,590
English and French	x	x	x	3,190	1,620	1,570
English and non-official language	x	x	x	10	10	0
French and non-official language	x	x	x	10	10	0
English, French and non-official language	x	x	x	40	20	25
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	x	x	x	50,495	26,595	23,900
None	x	x	x	30,275	16,160	14,120
English	x	x	x	15,960	8,090	7,870
French	x	x	x	4,080	2,250	1,830
Non-official language	x	x	x	100	60	40
Aboriginal	x	x	x	10	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	x	x	x	95	55	45
English and French	x	x	x	10	0	0
English and non-official language	x	x	x	60	30	30
French and non-official language	x	x	x	10	0	0
English, French and non-official language	x	x	x	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	x	x	x	93,505	46,980	46,525
Non-movers	x	x	x	83,140	41,985	41,155
Movers	x	x	x	10,370	4,995	5,375
Non-migrants	x	x	x	5,360	2,540	2,820
Migrants	x	x	x	5,005	2,450	2,550
Internal migrants	x	x	x	4,885	2,385	2,500
Intraprovincial migrants	x	x	x	4,485	2,170	2,320
Interprovincial migrants	x	x	x	400	215	180
External migrants	x	x	x	120	65	55
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	x	x	x	89,650	45,035	44,620
Non-movers	x	x	x	58,580	29,900	28,680
Movers	x	x	x	31,070	15,135	15,935
Non-migrants	x	x	x	15,355	7,540	7,810
Migrants	x	x	x	15,715	7,595	8,125
Internal migrants	x	x	x	15,335	7,400	7,935
Intraprovincial migrants	x	x	x	14,240	6,850	7,390
Interprovincial migrants	x	x	x	1,090	550	545
External migrants	x	x	x	385	195	190

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

x

area and data suppression

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 35 referrer

Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 36 referrer

Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Horseshoe Bay, OHM [Designated place], Saskatchewan and Argenteuil--La Petite-Nation [Federal electoral district], Quebec (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 5, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Horseshoe Bay, Organized hamlet [Designated place], Saskatchewan and Argenteuil--La Petite-Nation [Federal electoral district], Quebec

Census Profile, 2016 Census Horseshoe Bay, Organized hamlet [Designated place], Saskatchewan and Argenteuil--La Petite-Nation [Federal electoral district], Quebec

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How to cite

Census Profile, 2016 Census
Horseshoe Bay, Organized hamlet [Designated place], Saskatchewan and Argenteuil--La Petite-Nation [Federal electoral district], Quebec