Census Profile, 2016 Census
Alberta [Province] and Nova Scotia [Province]

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Alberta [Province]			Nova Scotia [Province]
	Data quality , Alberta [Province] Map : Alberta [Province] Change geography 1			Data quality : Nova Scotia [Province] Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	4,067,175	...	...	923,598	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	3,645,257	...	...	921,727	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	11.6	...	...	0.2	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	1,654,129	...	...	458,568	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	1,527,678	...	...	401,990	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	6.4	...	...	17.4	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	640,330.46	...	...	52,942.27	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	4,067,175	2,039,410	2,027,765	923,600	446,885	476,715
0 to 14 years	779,155	399,570	379,580	133,825	68,370	65,455
0 to 4 years	266,515	136,520	129,995	42,005	21,365	20,640
5 to 9 years	270,715	138,990	131,725	45,980	23,650	22,330
10 to 14 years	241,920	124,060	117,860	45,845	23,350	22,490
15 to 64 years	2,787,805	1,408,150	1,379,655	605,950	295,100	310,845
15 to 19 years	240,035	123,625	116,410	51,255	26,240	25,015
20 to 24 years	261,830	133,990	127,840	56,160	28,150	28,010
25 to 29 years	310,940	156,715	154,225	53,725	26,790	26,940
30 to 34 years	333,175	167,555	165,620	51,730	25,130	26,600
35 to 39 years	305,505	153,655	151,850	52,010	24,560	27,450
40 to 44 years	281,205	142,545	138,660	57,050	27,245	29,805
45 to 49 years	269,030	135,855	133,180	61,890	29,720	32,170
50 to 54 years	284,310	142,205	142,100	75,675	36,615	39,065
55 to 59 years	275,540	138,565	136,970	76,505	36,925	39,580
60 to 64 years	226,230	113,440	112,790	69,960	33,735	36,225
65 years and over	500,215	231,690	268,530	183,820	83,415	100,405
65 to 69 years	173,680	85,500	88,180	63,710	30,810	32,905
70 to 74 years	117,035	56,430	60,610	45,005	21,520	23,485
75 to 79 years	83,955	39,105	44,845	31,545	14,520	17,030
80 to 84 years	62,165	27,590	34,575	21,915	9,425	12,495
85 years and over	63,385	23,065	40,320	21,645	7,140	14,505
85 to 89 years	39,965	16,050	23,915	13,205	4,845	8,360
90 to 94 years	18,025	5,755	12,275	6,320	1,830	4,485
95 to 99 years	4,735	1,145	3,595	1,855	415	1,430
100 years and over	650	115	535	270	45	225
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	19.2	19.6	18.7	14.5	15.3	13.7
15 to 64 years	68.5	69.0	68.0	65.6	66.0	65.2
65 years and over	12.3	11.4	13.2	19.9	18.7	21.1
85 years and over	1.6	1.1	2.0	2.3	1.6	3.0
Average age of the population	37.8	37.2	38.4	43.5	42.5	44.4
Median age of the population	36.7	36.2	37.2	45.5	44.5	46.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	1,527,675	...	...	401,990	...	...
Single-detached house	946,225	...	...	263,470	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	62,395	...	...	21,350	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	471,090	...	...	102,300	...	...
Semi-detached house	86,765	...	...	20,465	...	...
Row house	116,625	...	...	10,215	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	43,090	...	...	12,435	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	223,360	...	...	58,405	...	...
Other single-attached house	1,245	...	...	780	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	47,970	...	...	14,870	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	1,527,675	...	...	401,990	...	...
1 person	366,080	...	...	118,670	...	...
2 persons	524,415	...	...	156,825	...	...
3 persons	245,075	...	...	60,250	...	...
4 persons	233,770	...	...	44,970	...	...
5 or more persons	158,335	...	...	21,275	...	...
Number of persons in private households	3,978,145	...	...	908,340	...	...
Average household size	2.6	...	...	2.3	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	3,288,020	1,639,835	1,648,185	789,770	378,515	411,255
Married or living common law	1,969,300	988,410	980,895	454,970	227,220	227,750
Married	1,648,945	828,155	820,790	369,695	184,705	184,990
Living common law	320,350	160,250	160,100	85,275	42,515	42,760
Not married and not living common law	1,318,720	651,430	667,290	334,800	151,295	183,505
Never married	905,700	505,310	400,390	209,455	110,175	99,280
Separated	76,150	34,000	42,150	24,105	10,450	13,655
Divorced	195,850	82,040	113,815	48,835	19,715	29,115
Widowed	141,020	30,080	110,940	52,405	10,955	41,455
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	1,114,585	...	...	270,965	...	...
2 persons	540,850	...	...	157,600	...	...
3 persons	235,245	...	...	56,625	...	...
4 persons	227,165	...	...	41,095	...	...
5 or more persons	111,330	...	...	15,645	...	...
Average size of census families	3.0	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	1,114,585	...	...	270,965	...	...
Total couple families	953,325	...	...	224,065	...	...
Married couples	793,195	...	...	181,435	...	...
Common-law couples	160,130	...	...	42,630	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	161,260	...	...	46,900	...	...
Female parent	123,490	...	...	37,595	...	...
Male parent	37,770	...	...	9,305	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	953,325	...	...	224,065	...	...
Couples without children	443,665	...	...	128,125	...	...
Couples with children	509,655	...	...	95,940	...	...
1 child	190,010	...	...	43,810	...	...
2 children	213,910	...	...	37,595	...	...
3 or more children	105,735	...	...	14,535	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	161,260	...	...	46,900	...	...
1 child	97,180	...	...	29,480	...	...
2 children	45,235	...	...	12,810	...	...
3 or more children	18,845	...	...	4,610	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	678,535	356,875	321,655	175,575	81,140	94,435
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	1,527,675	...	...	401,990	...	...
One-census-family households	1,039,985	...	...	260,280	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	414,570	...	...	124,000	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	625,415	...	...	136,280	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	36,120	...	...	5,285	...	...
Non-census-family households	451,570	...	...	136,425	...	...
One-person households	366,080	...	...	118,675	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	85,490	...	...	17,750	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	4,026,650	2,020,510	2,006,140	912,300	442,470	469,830
English only	3,698,765	1,869,670	1,829,095	813,480	398,950	414,530
French only	3,895	1,725	2,165	705	305	400
English and French	264,720	124,400	140,315	95,380	41,925	53,460
Neither English nor French	59,280	24,715	34,565	2,735	1,295	1,440
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	4,026,650	2,020,510	2,006,140	912,295	442,470	469,830
English	3,880,685	1,950,980	1,929,705	879,465	426,535	452,930
French	71,535	37,205	34,330	28,490	13,890	14,600
English and French	16,605	8,350	8,255	1,760	825	930
Neither English nor French	57,830	23,970	33,860	2,585	1,215	1,365
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	79,840	41,380	38,455	29,370	14,300	15,070
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	2.0	2.0	1.9	3.2	3.2	3.2
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	4,026,650	2,020,510	2,006,140	912,295	442,470	469,830
Single responses	3,934,580	1,975,615	1,958,970	904,240	438,550	465,690
Official languages	3,063,640	1,552,475	1,511,165	859,690	416,245	443,445
English	2,991,485	1,515,025	1,476,460	830,220	401,980	428,240
French	72,150	37,450	34,705	29,465	14,265	15,205
Non-official languages	870,940	423,140	447,805	44,550	22,305	22,245
Aboriginal languages	23,835	11,290	12,550	4,290	2,020	2,270
Algonquian languages	18,295	8,665	9,630	4,210	1,985	2,225
Blackfoot	2,750	1,305	1,445	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	14,960	7,105	7,850	15	10	5
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	5	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	10	0	5	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	50	15	35	0	0	0
Plains Cree	720	280	435	5	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	50	20	35	5	5	0
Woods Cree	910	430	480	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	13,220	6,355	6,865	5	5	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	30	15	15	4,190	1,975	2,215
Malecite	0	5	0	10	5	5
Mi'kmaq	35	20	15	4,185	1,970	2,215
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	550	235	315	10	5	5
Algonquin	5	0	5	0	0	0
Ojibway	525	230	300	10	0	10
Oji-Cree	15	5	15	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	1,865	865	1,000	5	5	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	1,855	860	990	5	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	35	15	15	0	0	0
Carrier	15	0	15	0	0	0
Chilcotin	5	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	1,470	710	760	5	5	5
Dogrib (Tlicho)	40	10	30	0	0	0
Gwich'in	15	5	10	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	70	20	45	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	200	90	115	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	10	5	10	0	0	0
South Slavey	155	70	80	5	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	35	15	25	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	5	0	5	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	120	35	85	60	30	35
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	25	5	10	0	0	5
Inuktitut	60	20	45	55	30	30
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	35	10	30	10	0	5
Iroquoian languages	10	10	5	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	5	5	5	0	0	0
Oneida	0	5	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	0	0	0
Kutenai	5	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	80	45	35	5	0	0
Salish languages	15	5	10	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	5	5	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	5	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0	0	0
Siouan languages	3,370	1,630	1,745	0	0	0
Dakota	350	165	185	0	0	0
Stoney	3,020	1,460	1,555	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	5	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	15	5	5	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	10	5	5	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	5	5	5	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	5	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	5	0	0	0	5
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	55	30	25	5	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	847,105	411,850	435,255	40,260	20,285	19,975
Afro-Asiatic languages	68,415	36,215	32,200	7,760	4,275	3,480
Berber languages	340	190	145	10	10	0
Kabyle	165	90	75	5	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	175	100	75	5	5	0
Cushitic languages	12,525	6,495	6,030	130	65	65
Bilen	315	185	130	5	0	0
Oromo	2,650	1,375	1,275	60	30	25
Somali	9,520	4,915	4,605	50	20	30
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	40	20	20	15	5	5
Semitic languages	55,425	29,450	25,980	7,615	4,205	3,415
Amharic	7,320	3,605	3,720	115	50	65
Arabic	40,540	21,840	18,705	7,110	3,950	3,165
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	400	210	190	5	5	5
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	145	80	65	0	0	5
Harari	260	135	120	0	0	0
Hebrew	960	505	460	210	115	95
Maltese	75	30	40	15	10	5
Tigrigna	5,415	2,880	2,535	140	65	80
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	305	155	145	10	5	10
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	130	80	50	5	0	5
Austro-Asiatic languages	25,295	11,760	13,535	505	245	260
Khmer (Cambodian)	1,925	910	1,010	5	5	5
Vietnamese	23,350	10,840	12,505	490	240	250
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	25	10	15	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	115,405	50,190	65,210	2,235	940	1,300
Bikol	425	205	225	5	5	5
Cebuano	5,135	2,155	2,980	150	60	90
Fijian	125	75	50	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	1,500	640	855	25	10	15
Ilocano	5,350	2,310	3,040	55	15	40
Malagasy	35	10	25	0	5	0
Malay	1,460	615	845	55	25	35
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	765	370	390	15	5	5
Pangasinan	290	115	175	5	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	99,035	43,120	55,920	1,905	810	1,090
Waray-Waray	305	145	160	5	0	5
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	980	430	550	20	10	15
Creole languages	1,895	990	910	95	60	35
Haitian Creole	95	45	50	5	5	0
Creole, n.o.s.	1,175	640	540	35	20	10
Creole languages, n.i.e.	625	305	325	55	35	20
Dravidian languages	13,490	7,075	6,415	1,010	595	420
Kannada	535	270	265	40	20	15
Malayalam	6,345	3,285	3,060	365	205	165
Tamil	4,430	2,360	2,070	315	185	130
Telugu	2,130	1,135	995	285	180	110
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	50	25	25	10	5	5
Hmong-Mien languages	105	55	45	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	442,685	220,330	222,355	18,590	9,320	9,270
Albanian	2,345	1,270	1,075	275	130	140
Armenian	500	250	245	35	30	10
Balto-Slavic languages	80,330	37,750	42,580	3,470	1,645	1,830
Baltic languages	1,010	475	535	100	35	60
Latvian	415	195	220	50	20	30
Lithuanian	600	285	315	45	15	30
Slavic languages	79,325	37,275	42,050	3,375	1,610	1,765
Belarusan	65	30	30	5	5	5
Bosnian	1,835	915	920	120	60	65
Bulgarian	1,545	790	755	55	25	30
Croatian	4,655	2,340	2,320	225	105	115
Czech	3,000	1,430	1,575	205	105	100
Macedonian	360	185	175	20	10	15
Polish	20,130	9,425	10,705	795	365	435
Russian	17,810	8,150	9,665	1,285	615	670
Serbian	4,020	2,035	1,985	115	60	65
Serbo-Croatian	970	480	485	80	40	40
Slovak	2,185	1,070	1,115	100	45	55
Slovene (Slovenian)	695	320	370	35	15	15
Ukrainian	21,835	9,985	11,850	320	155	170
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	215	120	100	5	5	5
Celtic languages	370	200	170	185	80	100
Scottish Gaelic	135	70	65	145	65	85
Welsh	175	85	80	30	10	15
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	65	40	25	10	5	5
Germanic languages	104,260	51,525	52,735	5,700	2,800	2,900
Afrikaans	3,010	1,475	1,535	120	55	60
Danish	2,380	1,245	1,135	160	105	60
Dutch	16,135	8,095	8,045	1,620	815	805
Frisian	360	200	160	35	20	15
German	80,050	39,435	40,615	3,435	1,645	1,790
Icelandic	115	55	60	45	20	20
Norwegian	815	370	445	110	60	50
Swedish	875	405	470	110	45	65
Vlaams (Flemish)	320	150	170	25	10	10
Yiddish	140	70	70	20	10	5
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	55	30	25	20	5	15
Greek	3,130	1,655	1,475	760	390	365
Indo-Iranian languages	166,805	85,250	81,560	4,835	2,650	2,190
Indo-Aryan languages	145,900	74,320	71,580	3,385	1,895	1,490
Bengali	7,000	3,630	3,370	475	290	185
Gujarati	13,140	6,785	6,355	195	125	70
Hindi	17,055	8,675	8,385	745	445	300
Kashmiri	105	60	50	10	5	5
Konkani	370	190	185	5	5	5
Marathi	1,510	775	730	70	35	35
Nepali	5,175	2,690	2,490	530	255	275
Oriya (Odia)	190	100	90	10	5	5
Punjabi (Panjabi)	68,695	34,935	33,760	585	310	270
Sindhi	2,770	1,300	1,475	20	10	5
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	2,590	1,320	1,265	165	85	85
Urdu	27,295	13,865	13,430	575	330	245
Iranian languages	19,600	10,235	9,365	1,425	740	690
Kurdish	1,550	845	705	115	65	50
Pashto	2,560	1,320	1,235	80	45	35
Persian (Farsi)	15,490	8,070	7,425	1,230	630	605
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	1,310	695	615	25	10	15
Italic (Romance) languages	84,940	42,425	42,515	3,335	1,605	1,730
Catalan	75	30	45	10	5	5
Italian	11,375	5,760	5,615	745	400	340
Portuguese	9,050	4,380	4,670	520	245	270
Romanian	8,035	4,080	3,955	225	110	120
Spanish	56,370	28,160	28,205	1,830	840	985
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	35	20	15	0	5	0
Japanese	4,875	1,715	3,160	360	100	260
Kartvelian languages	230	130	105	0	0	0
Georgian	230	130	100	5	0	0
Korean	17,920	8,485	9,435	1,095	475	620
Mongolic languages	545	255	290	5	5	5
Mongolian	540	255	290	0	5	0
Niger-Congo languages	15,360	7,870	7,495	630	325	305
Akan (Twi)	1,755	915	835	40	25	25
Bamanankan	35	20	15	15	5	5
Edo	275	155	120	5	0	5
Ewe	245	145	100	40	25	10
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	230	120	100	5	5	0
Ga	145	80	65	10	5	5
Ganda	280	145	135	20	5	15
Igbo	1,165	625	540	45	20	20
Lingala	270	130	140	5	0	5
Rundi (Kirundi)	605	305	295	20	10	5
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	805	405	400	50	15	30
Shona	1,100	545	555	30	15	15
Swahili	2,380	1,160	1,215	135	65	70
Wolof	280	165	110	10	10	0
Yoruba	2,435	1,305	1,125	65	35	30
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	3,370	1,640	1,735	140	75	70
Nilo-Saharan languages	2,720	1,395	1,330	75	40	40
Dinka	1,345	705	640	20	10	10
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	1,375	685	690	55	25	25
Sign languages	830	440	390	190	90	100
American Sign Language	335	165	165	85	40	50
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	495	275	225	105	50	55
Sino-Tibetan languages	122,450	57,740	64,705	6,665	3,335	3,330
Chinese languages	120,375	56,675	63,700	6,635	3,320	3,315
Cantonese	59,145	27,755	31,385	1,145	535	610
Hakka	990	465	530	20	5	15
Mandarin	50,660	23,940	26,720	4,640	2,325	2,315
Min Dong	115	50	65	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	3,060	1,375	1,695	120	50	70
Wu (Shanghainese)	630	305	330	50	30	20
Chinese, n.o.s.	5,725	2,770	2,955	645	365	280
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	40	15	25	15	5	10
Tibeto-Burman languages	2,075	1,065	1,005	30	15	20
Burmese	430	230	200	15	5	10
Karenic languages	795	415	380	0	0	0
Tibetan	575	295	275	5	0	5
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	275	130	140	5	5	5
Tai-Kadai languages	2,670	955	1,710	155	55	100
Lao	1,020	485	535	10	0	5
Thai	1,630	465	1,165	150	50	100
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	20	10	15	0	0	0
Turkic languages	4,050	2,250	1,800	445	240	205
Azerbaijani	365	215	155	10	10	5
Turkish	3,140	1,760	1,375	305	165	140
Uyghur	130	70	60	5	5	5
Uzbek	205	115	90	110	60	50
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	215	95	120	10	10	0
Uralic languages	7,470	3,600	3,870	415	180	235
Estonian	190	90	105	40	20	25
Finnish	810	330	480	95	30	60
Hungarian	6,470	3,185	3,285	275	130	150
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	690	415	280	25	10	15
Multiple responses	92,070	44,900	47,175	8,060	3,920	4,140
English and French	10,230	4,950	5,280	3,445	1,600	1,850
English and non-official language	77,520	37,815	39,705	4,180	2,110	2,070
French and non-official language	2,685	1,375	1,305	225	115	105
English, French and non-official language	1,640	760	880	210	90	120
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	4,026,655	2,020,510	2,006,145	912,300	442,470	469,830
Single responses	3,837,615	1,928,230	1,909,385	900,755	436,755	464,000
Official languages	3,354,885	1,690,490	1,664,395	878,015	425,220	452,795
English	3,327,255	1,676,360	1,650,895	863,550	418,315	445,240
French	27,630	14,130	13,500	14,460	6,910	7,560
Non-official languages	482,725	237,740	244,990	22,740	11,540	11,205
Aboriginal languages	9,970	4,940	5,020	2,570	1,285	1,295
Algonquian languages	7,175	3,575	3,605	2,565	1,280	1,285
Blackfoot	1,110	555	555	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	5,875	2,925	2,945	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	20	10	10	0	0	0
Plains Cree	125	60	60	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	5	0	5	0	0	0
Woods Cree	600	300	295	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	5,120	2,540	2,575	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	5	5	5	2,560	1,280	1,280
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	5	5	0	2,560	1,275	1,280
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	190	95	95	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	185	90	95	5	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	620	320	300	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	620	325	300	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	10	5	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	540	280	260	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	5	0	5	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	5	5	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	60	35	30	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	55	30	25	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	10	0	10	5	0	5
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	5	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	5	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	10	5	5	5	0	5
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	2,125	1,025	1,095	0	0	0
Dakota	175	85	85	0	0	0
Stoney	1,945	935	1,010	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	25	15	10	5	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	472,760	232,800	239,965	20,170	10,255	9,915
Afro-Asiatic languages	43,770	22,535	21,235	4,630	2,450	2,180
Berber languages	200	105	95	0	0	0
Kabyle	90	45	40	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	105	60	45	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	9,220	4,750	4,470	85	40	45
Bilen	280	160	115	5	0	5
Oromo	2,075	1,060	1,015	45	20	25
Somali	6,850	3,520	3,325	25	10	15
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	10	10	5
Semitic languages	34,310	17,660	16,655	4,540	2,405	2,130
Amharic	4,915	2,390	2,530	55	25	30
Arabic	24,230	12,555	11,675	4,260	2,270	1,990
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	260	130	130	0	5	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	95	50	40	0	0	0
Harari	165	80	85	5	0	0
Hebrew	460	235	225	125	70	55
Maltese	15	10	10	0	0	0
Tigrigna	3,955	2,095	1,860	95	40	55
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	210	110	100	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	45	20	20	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	16,355	7,635	8,715	330	160	165
Khmer (Cambodian)	960	460	500	0	0	0
Vietnamese	15,380	7,175	8,205	330	165	170
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	15	0	10	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	60,860	28,765	32,100	1,140	550	585
Bikol	70	40	35	0	0	0
Cebuano	2,110	1,015	1,090	55	20	35
Fijian	45	25	20	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	470	215	255	5	5	5
Ilocano	1,975	935	1,035	15	5	5
Malagasy	20	10	10	0	0	0
Malay	405	205	195	0	0	5
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	220	110	110	0	0	0
Pangasinan	45	20	30	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	55,105	26,005	29,100	1,065	520	545
Waray-Waray	125	60	60	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	280	120	155	0	0	0
Creole languages	970	495	475	35	20	20
Haitian Creole	50	25	25	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	655	345	310	15	5	5
Creole languages, n.i.e.	270	125	140	25	10	15
Dravidian languages	8,460	4,335	4,125	425	240	185
Kannada	210	105	105	15	5	10
Malayalam	4,060	2,070	1,990	140	75	60
Tamil	2,915	1,515	1,395	140	80	60
Telugu	1,245	635	615	125	80	50
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	30	10	15	5	5	5
Hmong-Mien languages	70	35	35	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	230,270	115,280	114,995	7,410	3,715	3,690
Albanian	1,060	570	485	110	60	55
Armenian	215	115	105	15	10	10
Balto-Slavic languages	30,220	14,820	15,400	1,405	680	720
Baltic languages	410	210	200	30	10	15
Latvian	165	85	80	10	5	10
Lithuanian	250	125	120	15	5	10
Slavic languages	29,815	14,610	15,205	1,375	675	700
Belarusan	15	10	5	0	0	0
Bosnian	785	400	385	65	30	30
Bulgarian	825	415	405	25	15	10
Croatian	1,800	905	895	65	25	40
Czech	875	440	430	45	25	20
Macedonian	175	90	85	0	0	0
Polish	7,705	3,675	4,030	235	105	125
Russian	10,145	4,965	5,175	785	385	390
Serbian	2,100	1,045	1,055	60	25	35
Serbo-Croatian	315	160	155	30	15	10
Slovak	710	345	365	20	10	15
Slovene (Slovenian)	150	70	75	0	0	0
Ukrainian	4,180	2,060	2,110	55	30	20
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	55	30	25	5	5	0
Celtic languages	40	25	15	60	35	30
Scottish Gaelic	15	15	5	60	35	30
Welsh	15	5	5	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	5	0	0
Germanic languages	40,915	20,280	20,625	1,490	725	760
Afrikaans	1,705	835	875	30	15	15
Danish	150	75	75	15	0	15
Dutch	1,980	985	1,000	135	70	70
Frisian	60	30	30	5	0	0
German	36,295	18,010	18,290	1,225	600	625
Icelandic	30	15	15	30	10	15
Norwegian	60	20	35	20	5	10
Swedish	145	65	80	15	5	5
Vlaams (Flemish)	60	30	25	5	5	5
Yiddish	15	5	5	5	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	425	215	210	15	5	10
Greek	1,015	490	525	270	135	130
Indo-Iranian languages	111,975	56,535	55,445	2,815	1,475	1,335
Indo-Aryan languages	98,610	49,790	48,815	1,850	995	860
Bengali	4,530	2,300	2,225	250	135	115
Gujarati	8,025	4,085	3,935	100	60	35
Hindi	9,945	5,115	4,825	310	190	120
Kashmiri	50	20	25	5	5	0
Konkani	75	40	40	0	0	0
Marathi	845	440	405	30	15	15
Nepali	3,710	1,905	1,805	475	235	240
Oriya (Odia)	95	50	45	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	51,010	25,720	25,295	250	125	125
Sindhi	1,240	575	665	5	5	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	1,480	750	730	95	45	50
Urdu	17,600	8,795	8,810	340	175	165
Iranian languages	12,720	6,415	6,305	960	475	480
Kurdish	850	440	410	85	50	40
Pashto	1,640	845	795	45	20	20
Persian (Farsi)	10,230	5,135	5,100	825	405	420
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	650	325	325	0	5	0
Italic (Romance) languages	44,830	22,445	22,385	1,240	595	645
Catalan	35	10	20	5	0	0
Italian	2,840	1,275	1,560	165	70	85
Portuguese	3,905	1,875	2,030	195	90	105
Romanian	4,135	2,115	2,020	70	35	35
Spanish	33,910	17,160	16,755	810	390	420
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	5	0	0
Japanese	2,245	945	1,300	110	35	70
Kartvelian languages	160	85	70	0	0	0
Georgian	160	85	70	0	0	0
Korean	12,775	6,205	6,570	710	330	385
Mongolic languages	335	160	175	0	0	0
Mongolian	335	155	175	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	5,600	2,725	2,875	165	80	85
Akan (Twi)	845	415	430	10	0	10
Bamanankan	10	10	0	0	0	0
Edo	70	35	35	0	0	0
Ewe	80	45	35	15	5	5
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	105	55	45	0	0	0
Ga	40	20	20	5	0	0
Ganda	95	50	50	5	0	5
Igbo	265	125	145	15	5	5
Lingala	85	35	45	0	5	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	280	135	145	10	5	5
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	350	175	170	15	10	10
Shona	410	190	225	0	0	0
Swahili	1,090	530	565	60	30	35
Wolof	170	95	75	0	0	0
Yoruba	690	340	350	20	10	10
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	1,015	485	535	10	5	5
Nilo-Saharan languages	1,525	765	755	35	20	20
Dinka	800	420	380	10	5	10
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	725	350	375	25	10	15
Sign languages	1,095	630	465	285	145	140
American Sign Language	325	170	155	110	55	60
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	765	455	310	175	90	80
Sino-Tibetan languages	82,380	39,230	43,155	4,550	2,345	2,200
Chinese languages	80,880	38,455	42,420	4,545	2,345	2,200
Cantonese	38,275	17,810	20,460	640	335	310
Hakka	315	135	185	5	0	0
Mandarin	37,125	18,030	19,095	3,410	1,740	1,675
Min Dong	20	5	10	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	1,245	540	705	45	25	25
Wu (Shanghainese)	340	175	165	25	10	10
Chinese, n.o.s.	3,550	1,760	1,785	415	235	180
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	5	5	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	1,500	770	730	5	0	5
Burmese	280	145	130	0	0	0
Karenic languages	665	340	320	0	0	0
Tibetan	420	220	200	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	140	65	75	5	0	5
Tai-Kadai languages	1,130	505	625	55	20	35
Lao	465	215	245	0	0	0
Thai	655	285	370	55	15	35
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	10	5	10	0	0	0
Turkic languages	2,390	1,270	1,120	215	110	105
Azerbaijani	155	90	75	5	5	0
Turkish	1,945	1,030	915	140	70	75
Uyghur	80	45	40	0	0	0
Uzbek	135	70	65	70	40	30
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	70	35	25	0	5	0
Uralic languages	2,130	1,040	1,085	75	35	40
Estonian	25	10	15	5	5	5
Finnish	105	50	50	15	10	5
Hungarian	1,995	980	1,015	55	25	30
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	240	140	95	5	0	0
Multiple responses	189,040	92,280	96,760	11,540	5,715	5,825
English and French	6,885	3,410	3,475	2,180	995	1,185
English and non-official language	178,070	86,895	91,170	8,970	4,515	4,450
French and non-official language	1,125	540	580	75	40	30
English, French and non-official language	2,965	1,430	1,530	315	155	160
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	4,026,650	2,020,510	2,006,140	912,295	442,470	469,825
None	3,492,295	1,760,240	1,732,055	861,780	418,525	443,260
English	221,305	110,655	110,650	17,005	8,480	8,525
French	41,840	19,470	22,375	16,390	7,210	9,175
Non-official language	262,255	125,640	136,615	16,275	7,850	8,420
Aboriginal	17,430	8,325	9,105	2,135	930	1,205
Non-Aboriginal	244,825	117,315	127,510	14,135	6,920	7,220
English and French	1,535	775	760	150	70	80
English and non-official language	4,545	2,345	2,195	220	105	115
French and non-official language	2,795	1,340	1,455	470	230	245
English, French and non-official language	85	50	40	5	5	0
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	3,206,050	1,602,690	1,603,360	774,750	372,455	402,290
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	3,053,470	1,528,275	1,525,190	744,260	358,055	386,205
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	42,717	54,891	33,213	31,813	38,379	26,750
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	3,054,135	1,528,420	1,525,715	744,545	358,085	386,455
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	38,067	47,131	30,478	28,627	33,642	24,590
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	2,839,590	1,458,560	1,381,030	648,960	320,380	328,580
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	42,330	54,528	32,099	29,938	36,363	24,497
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	1,785,065	711,210	1,073,855	554,985	243,860	311,130
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	4,093	3,834	4,185	7,438	8,175	6,961
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	2,473,665	1,301,630	1,172,030	523,020	264,375	258,645
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	42,679	54,361	32,982	29,979	35,676	25,405
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	3,206,045	1,602,810	1,603,235	774,750	372,455	402,295
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	3,054,555	1,528,100	1,526,455	744,275	357,820	386,455
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	62,778	80,001	45,535	41,479	49,413	34,132
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	3,055,230	1,528,240	1,526,995	744,560	357,855	386,710
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	50,683	62,938	38,417	34,175	39,776	28,993
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	2,840,675	1,458,210	1,382,465	648,910	320,370	328,540
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	62,997	80,282	44,766	40,299	48,457	32,345
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	1,784,345	710,105	1,074,240	555,740	243,445	312,295
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,175	7,298	7,093	8,495	8,859	8,211
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	2,473,665	1,299,805	1,173,855	523,020	264,475	258,545
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	59,343	74,073	43,031	39,522	46,606	32,275
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	3,206,050	1,602,810	1,603,240	774,750	372,455	402,295
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	1,152,385	669,770	482,615	245,425	131,095	114,325
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	64,090	73,781	53,836	47,665	53,785	42,236
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	81,586	94,822	63,218	56,820	63,886	48,717
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	93.3	95.8	89.1	84.6	87.7	80.7
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	76.5	78.9	72.3	66.9	69.7	63.3
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	6.7	4.2	10.9	15.4	12.3	19.3
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	3,206,050	1,602,690	1,603,360	774,750	372,455	402,295
Without total income	152,585	74,410	78,170	30,485	14,395	16,090
With total income	3,053,470	1,528,280	1,525,190	744,265	358,060	386,205
Percentage with total income	95.2	95.4	95.1	96.1	96.1	96.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	389,580	146,450	243,130	104,125	43,575	60,545
$10,000 to $19,999	385,235	147,125	238,110	134,355	50,310	84,050
$20,000 to $29,999	364,915	142,810	222,105	114,855	47,195	67,660
$30,000 to $39,999	305,680	131,185	174,490	98,325	45,040	53,280
$40,000 to $49,999	286,615	133,715	152,900	79,435	39,605	39,830
$50,000 to $59,999	247,830	124,720	123,115	57,255	32,255	25,000
$60,000 to $69,999	205,840	114,405	91,430	41,715	25,830	15,885
$70,000 to $79,999	165,640	99,645	65,995	33,195	19,945	13,250
$80,000 to $89,999	132,720	82,700	50,020	25,500	14,900	10,605
$90,000 to $99,999	114,010	70,655	43,350	15,530	10,095	5,435
$100,000 and over	455,410	334,865	120,550	39,965	29,300	10,665
$100,000 to $149,999	274,185	191,710	82,475	28,130	20,205	7,925
$150,000 and over	181,225	143,150	38,075	11,835	9,095	2,745
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	3,206,050	1,602,690	1,603,365	774,750	372,455	402,295
Without after-tax income	151,915	74,270	77,645	30,205	14,370	15,840
With after-tax income	3,054,135	1,528,420	1,525,715	744,540	358,085	386,455
Percentage with after-tax income	95.3	95.4	95.2	96.1	96.1	96.1
Under $10,000 (including loss)	399,005	149,280	249,725	108,630	44,435	64,195
$10,000 to $19,999	402,780	154,330	248,450	142,975	54,160	88,815
$20,000 to $29,999	420,955	166,650	254,300	138,435	58,900	79,535
$30,000 to $39,999	377,590	169,665	207,925	119,130	56,990	62,145
$40,000 to $49,999	347,960	172,595	175,365	84,245	46,675	37,565
$50,000 to $59,999	276,970	153,985	122,985	56,235	34,590	21,645
$60,000 to $69,999	208,265	127,045	81,220	39,320	23,195	16,125
$70,000 to $79,999	160,580	100,970	59,610	21,210	13,950	7,260
$80,000 and over	460,030	333,895	126,140	34,360	25,185	9,170
$80,000 to $89,999	121,015	78,400	42,620	11,615	8,185	3,430
$90,000 to $99,999	82,020	57,375	24,645	6,825	4,950	1,875
$100,000 and over	257,000	198,120	58,875	15,915	12,050	3,860
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	3,206,050	1,602,690	1,603,360	774,745	372,455	402,295
Without employment income	732,385	301,060	431,330	251,730	108,080	143,650
With employment income	2,473,665	1,301,630	1,172,035	523,020	264,370	258,640
Percentage with employment income	77.2	81.2	73.1	67.5	71.0	64.3
Under $5,000 (including loss)	273,835	122,830	151,005	72,940	34,125	38,820
$5,000 to $9,999	164,095	68,100	95,990	45,820	19,475	26,350
$10,000 to $19,999	274,105	113,680	160,430	76,685	33,555	43,130
$20,000 to $29,999	235,620	96,855	138,760	66,155	29,385	36,770
$30,000 to $39,999	227,450	100,650	126,805	60,485	27,455	33,035
$40,000 to $49,999	219,155	103,680	115,475	49,395	24,470	24,925
$50,000 to $59,999	195,145	99,285	95,860	37,685	21,735	15,955
$60,000 to $69,999	163,465	92,950	70,515	28,695	17,955	10,740
$70,000 to $79,999	135,150	83,240	51,910	24,970	14,750	10,220
$80,000 and over	585,640	420,365	165,280	60,175	41,470	18,705
$80,000 to $89,999	111,045	71,210	39,835	20,175	11,645	8,535
$90,000 to $99,999	99,785	62,305	37,480	11,685	7,975	3,715
$100,000 and over	374,815	286,855	87,960	28,310	21,850	6,460
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	1,527,680	...	...	401,990	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	93,835	...	...	60,764	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	80,300	...	...	53,129	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	366,080	...	...	118,670	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	47,948	...	...	30,377	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	41,502	...	...	27,511	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	1,161,600	...	...	283,320	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	111,435	...	...	77,136	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	94,830	...	...	66,538	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	1,527,675	...	...	401,990	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	125,522	...	...	76,797	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	101,361	...	...	63,299	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	365,000	...	...	118,705	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	64,341	...	...	39,601	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	52,116	...	...	32,962	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	1,162,675	...	...	283,285	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	144,729	...	...	92,383	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	116,821	...	...	76,011	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	1,527,680	...	...	401,990	...	...
Under $5,000	21,660	...	...	6,830	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	13,555	...	...	7,755	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	18,070	...	...	12,330	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	33,045	...	...	20,155	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	51,505	...	...	20,210	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	38,615	...	...	18,700	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	42,580	...	...	21,645	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	46,630	...	...	19,995	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	46,520	...	...	19,285	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	46,825	...	...	18,235	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	95,425	...	...	33,450	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	95,340	...	...	30,470	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	92,345	...	...	27,755	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	88,775	...	...	24,340	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	84,570	...	...	20,240	...	...
$100,000 and over	712,215	...	...	100,600	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	184,595	...	...	38,090	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	142,910	...	...	24,330	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	181,960	...	...	23,445	...	...
$200,000 and over	202,745	...	...	14,730	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	1,527,680	...	...	401,990	...	...
Under $5,000	23,395	...	...	7,145	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	13,860	...	...	7,885	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	18,600	...	...	12,545	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	34,540	...	...	21,370	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	55,010	...	...	23,030	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	44,170	...	...	22,365	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	50,280	...	...	25,495	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	55,645	...	...	23,945	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	57,695	...	...	22,630	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	59,195	...	...	21,635	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	119,200	...	...	40,585	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	116,250	...	...	35,920	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	112,675	...	...	29,795	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	106,235	...	...	24,160	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	95,600	...	...	19,275	...	...
$100,000 and over	565,335	...	...	64,210	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	192,795	...	...	31,985	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	132,240	...	...	15,940	...	...
$150,000 and over	240,305	...	...	16,280	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	1,099,900	...	...	269,560	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	109,997	...	...	77,529	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	93,588	...	...	66,728	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.1	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	407,300	...	...	121,200	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	101,283	...	...	71,495	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	86,043	...	...	61,883	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	511,375	...	...	97,460	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	133,186	...	...	104,981	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	111,951	...	...	88,099	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	4.1	...	...	3.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	146,045	...	...	43,560	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	62,909	...	...	45,597	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	57,079	...	...	42,309	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	1,101,485	...	...	269,510	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	144,493	...	...	93,027	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	116,343	...	...	76,371	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	408,625	...	...	121,285	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	137,805	...	...	85,511	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	110,236	...	...	70,143	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	512,615	...	...	97,490	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	169,354	...	...	119,890	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	135,623	...	...	97,021	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	145,115	...	...	43,470	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	80,406	...	...	54,587	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	68,470	...	...	47,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	577,475	308,835	268,640	157,715	73,825	83,890
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	42,598	47,903	37,344	28,180	30,235	26,673
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	37,648	41,340	33,785	25,848	27,176	24,859
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	573,385	306,195	267,190	157,410	73,440	83,970
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	56,856	63,468	49,280	36,847	38,945	35,012
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	46,559	50,990	41,481	30,893	31,946	29,973
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	3,978,150	1,998,500	1,979,650	908,340	440,700	467,640
In the bottom half of the distribution	1,527,695	739,210	788,485	519,830	244,725	275,105
In the bottom decile	293,490	143,880	149,605	105,810	49,730	56,080
In the second decile	278,635	128,055	150,575	112,825	49,900	62,920
In the third decile	297,695	142,090	155,605	102,515	48,345	54,175
In the fourth decile	315,570	154,815	160,760	100,645	48,515	52,130
In the fifth decile	342,305	170,375	171,935	98,030	48,235	49,800
In the top half of the distribution	2,450,450	1,259,285	1,191,160	388,510	195,975	192,540
In the sixth decile	366,250	183,860	182,390	94,350	47,240	47,110
In the seventh decile	397,275	201,465	195,810	89,765	45,260	44,505
In the eighth decile	443,585	227,385	216,200	83,140	41,815	41,330
In the ninth decile	522,545	268,995	253,555	69,850	35,450	34,400
In the top decile	720,795	377,585	343,215	51,410	26,210	25,195
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	3,925,220	1,971,735	1,953,485	898,345	435,895	462,450
0 to 17 years	893,255	458,330	434,925	159,820	81,670	78,150
0 to 5 years	310,080	158,825	151,260	49,595	25,280	24,310
18 to 64 years	2,580,730	1,298,440	1,282,295	565,395	274,120	291,275
65 years and over	451,235	214,965	236,265	173,125	80,100	93,025
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	363,890	171,945	191,940	154,955	70,415	84,540
0 to 17 years	114,215	58,665	55,555	35,525	18,145	17,380
0 to 5 years	41,755	21,350	20,400	12,740	6,470	6,275
18 to 64 years	210,870	98,415	112,455	88,355	40,375	47,985
65 years and over	38,800	14,875	23,925	31,075	11,890	19,185
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	9.3	8.7	9.8	17.2	16.2	18.3
0 to 17 years (%)	12.8	12.8	12.8	22.2	22.2	22.2
0 to 5 years (%)	13.5	13.4	13.5	25.7	25.6	25.8
18 to 64 years (%)	8.2	7.6	8.8	15.6	14.7	16.5
65 years and over (%)	8.6	6.9	10.1	17.9	14.8	20.6
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	273,515	134,180	139,335	70,745	34,290	36,460
0 to 17 years	76,930	39,385	37,550	15,285	7,805	7,485
0 to 5 years	28,190	14,420	13,770	5,645	2,870	2,775
18 to 64 years	181,805	88,715	93,095	52,220	25,185	27,030
65 years and over	14,780	6,085	8,695	3,240	1,295	1,945
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	7.0	6.8	7.1	7.9	7.9	7.9
0 to 17 years (%)	8.6	8.6	8.6	9.6	9.6	9.6
0 to 5 years (%)	9.1	9.1	9.1	11.4	11.4	11.4
18 to 64 years (%)	7.0	6.8	7.3	9.2	9.2	9.3
65 years and over (%)	3.3	2.8	3.7	1.9	1.6	2.1
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	3,978,145	1,998,500	1,979,645	908,340	440,730	467,605
Official languages	3,920,530	1,974,435	1,946,095	905,700	439,525	466,180
English	3,916,805	1,972,800	1,944,005	905,020	439,215	465,805
French	264,600	123,940	140,660	95,740	42,150	53,585
Non-official languages	1,082,425	527,770	554,655	64,100	31,380	32,725
Aboriginal languages	36,465	17,415	19,045	5,645	2,685	2,960
Algonquian languages	29,675	14,120	15,555	5,575	2,635	2,935
Blackfoot	5,575	2,665	2,905	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	23,465	11,155	12,310	20	15	10
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	25	0	15	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	90	20	70	0	0	0
Plains Cree	1,580	620	965	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	10	10	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	45	25	25	10	0	0
Woods Cree	1,135	525	610	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	20,665	9,990	10,675	10	10	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	35	15	15	5,550	2,625	2,920
Malecite	0	0	0	10	0	10
Mi'kmaq	35	15	15	5,540	2,625	2,920
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	955	425	530	10	0	10
Algonquin	10	10	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	925	415	505	10	0	10
Oji-Cree	20	10	15	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	10	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	2,640	1,255	1,385	15	15	10
Northern Athabaskan languages	2,630	1,250	1,380	10	10	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	10	0	0	0	0
Beaver	85	50	35	0	0	0
Carrier	45	10	35	0	0	0
Chilcotin	20	15	10	0	0	0
Dene	2,010	975	1,035	0	10	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	75	30	45	0	0	0
Gwich'in	10	0	10	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	150	65	85	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	285	140	145	0	0	10
North Slavey (Hare)	25	15	10	0	0	0
South Slavey	190	90	100	0	0	10
Slavey, n.o.s.	75	35	45	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	10	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	10	10	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	10	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	10	0	10	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0	0	0
Haida	10	0	10	0	0	0
Inuit languages	135	50	80	35	25	15
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	35	10	25	0	0	0
Inuktitut	60	20	35	30	15	10
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	40	25	20	0	10	0
Iroquoian languages	40	25	10	10	10	0
Cayuga	0	10	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	35	25	0	10	10	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	10	10	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	145	75	70	10	0	10
Salish languages	50	25	25	10	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	10	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	15	10	10	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	10	0	10	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	10	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	10	0	10	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	10	10	0
Siouan languages	4,050	2,005	2,045	0	0	0
Dakota	530	285	245	0	0	0
Stoney	3,650	1,790	1,855	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0	0	0
Tlingit	10	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	35	15	15	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	20	10	10	0	0	0
Nisga'a	15	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	10	10	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	10	10	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	30	15	15	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	1,046,245	510,495	535,750	58,490	28,715	29,770
Afro-Asiatic languages	96,210	50,675	45,535	10,730	5,745	4,985
Berber languages	540	335	205	25	15	15
Kabyle	225	125	90	25	15	15
Berber languages, n.i.e.	315	210	110	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	15,445	8,055	7,385	155	65	95
Bilen	370	235	135	20	15	10
Oromo	3,125	1,625	1,500	40	15	20
Somali	12,030	6,240	5,795	75	25	55
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	55	20	40	20	10	10
Semitic languages	82,200	43,405	38,800	10,635	5,715	4,925
Amharic	10,870	5,595	5,275	260	135	120
Arabic	62,730	33,365	29,370	9,685	5,185	4,500
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	430	225	210	10	10	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	150	70	75	0	0	0
Harari	340	150	185	0	0	0
Hebrew	3,250	1,650	1,600	630	370	260
Maltese	145	85	55	25	0	25
Tigrigna	7,315	3,915	3,400	140	65	70
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	450	250	205	40	20	20
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	375	225	145	15	10	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	32,730	15,440	17,290	575	260	310
Khmer (Cambodian)	2,700	1,375	1,330	15	0	10
Vietnamese	30,150	14,130	16,015	555	255	300
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	145,745	63,615	82,130	3,035	1,275	1,760
Bikol	330	150	180	10	0	10
Cebuano	6,690	2,940	3,750	185	80	100
Fijian	340	195	145	10	0	0
Hiligaynon	1,760	745	1,020	45	20	30
Ilocano	7,370	3,160	4,215	70	20	55
Malagasy	80	40	40	10	0	0
Malay	3,040	1,435	1,610	80	25	60
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	1,185	565	625	10	10	0
Pangasinan	445	190	250	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	138,440	60,115	78,325	2,835	1,195	1,635
Waray-Waray	420	170	245	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	1,160	505	650	35	15	20
Creole languages	4,585	2,390	2,195	360	185	175
Haitian Creole	255	140	115	35	20	15
Creole, n.o.s.	2,675	1,425	1,250	120	60	65
Creole languages, n.i.e.	1,680	840	850	210	115	100
Dravidian languages	18,190	9,660	8,525	1,365	785	580
Kannada	1,035	520	515	75	45	35
Malayalam	8,150	4,255	3,900	560	310	250
Tamil	7,195	3,900	3,295	450	260	190
Telugu	2,910	1,560	1,345	350	215	135
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	150	80	70	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	115	55	55	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	550,490	274,510	275,980	30,820	15,070	15,755
Albanian	2,880	1,550	1,325	405	185	215
Armenian	530	255	275	80	45	30
Balto-Slavic languages	93,150	44,750	48,395	4,095	1,935	2,160
Baltic languages	1,360	660	705	110	35	80
Latvian	590	300	290	50	15	35
Lithuanian	775	360	415	55	15	40
Slavic languages	92,300	44,340	47,960	4,010	1,910	2,105
Belarusan	200	95	105	10	0	10
Bosnian	2,880	1,450	1,435	145	60	80
Bulgarian	1,795	945	850	75	35	35
Croatian	6,280	3,260	3,025	275	105	165
Czech	3,590	1,650	1,940	210	95	110
Macedonian	535	270	265	90	55	30
Polish	23,650	11,455	12,195	900	410	490
Russian	27,375	13,195	14,175	1,945	970	970
Serbian	5,355	2,630	2,730	180	85	95
Serbo-Croatian	1,095	550	540	115	70	50
Slovak	2,780	1,495	1,285	145	70	75
Slovene (Slovenian)	735	360	375	35	10	20
Ukrainian	26,600	11,980	14,620	425	180	245
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	250	120	130	0	0	0
Celtic languages	1,180	615	560	1,070	495	580
Scottish Gaelic	440	215	225	910	400	505
Welsh	315	180	130	35	25	10
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	450	220	225	155	80	75
Germanic languages	112,670	56,325	56,345	9,225	4,490	4,740
Afrikaans	5,165	2,655	2,515	320	140	175
Danish	2,800	1,360	1,440	235	125	110
Dutch	19,480	9,595	9,890	2,105	935	1,165
Frisian	475	275	205	60	30	30
German	83,010	41,905	41,105	6,335	3,180	3,155
Icelandic	160	70	95	100	40	60
Norwegian	1,450	635	810	150	105	40
Swedish	1,635	800	835	245	115	130
Vlaams (Flemish)	380	170	215	20	10	15
Yiddish	250	130	115	30	15	15
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	2,115	1,095	1,015	125	45	85
Greek	4,935	2,535	2,400	1,315	670	645
Indo-Iranian languages	206,725	106,045	100,675	6,535	3,635	2,900
Indo-Aryan languages	186,005	95,045	90,960	4,935	2,790	2,140
Bengali	8,530	4,385	4,140	625	350	275
Gujarati	18,005	8,945	9,055	240	150	90
Hindi	61,290	31,900	29,385	2,270	1,300	975
Kashmiri	125	80	45	15	0	10
Konkani	625	300	320	15	15	0
Marathi	2,575	1,385	1,195	135	85	45
Nepali	5,510	3,000	2,510	620	315	305
Oriya (Odia)	255	135	120	20	10	15
Punjabi (Panjabi)	90,485	46,350	44,135	1,010	570	445
Sindhi	4,595	2,065	2,530	10	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	3,800	1,925	1,875	245	125	120
Urdu	41,235	21,245	20,000	1,090	660	425
Iranian languages	22,140	11,665	10,475	1,625	865	755
Kurdish	1,930	1,100	825	185	110	75
Pashto	3,330	1,795	1,530	85	55	30
Persian (Farsi)	17,600	9,220	8,375	1,385	725	660
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	1,760	960	805	75	40	35
Italic (Romance) languages	142,340	69,885	72,450	9,365	4,270	5,100
Catalan	170	95	80	15	10	10
Italian	19,900	9,875	10,020	1,665	845	820
Portuguese	12,670	6,255	6,415	910	480	430
Romanian	9,915	5,185	4,735	240	140	105
Spanish	104,445	50,960	53,490	6,990	3,020	3,970
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	250	130	125	70	55	20
Japanese	9,215	4,115	5,100	865	335	530
Kartvelian languages	225	130	100	0	0	0
Georgian	230	130	100	0	10	0
Korean	19,950	9,405	10,545	1,530	685	850
Mongolic languages	800	375	430	10	0	10
Mongolian	800	370	430	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	29,430	14,980	14,450	1,340	715	620
Akan (Twi)	2,925	1,505	1,420	65	40	30
Bamanankan	60	30	30	10	10	10
Edo	620	325	290	10	10	0
Ewe	335	170	165	80	50	30
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	300	165	135	10	10	0
Ga	345	190	155	30	15	20
Ganda	610	305	305	60	15	40
Igbo	2,550	1,345	1,210	70	45	30
Lingala	1,240	640	605	30	15	15
Rundi (Kirundi)	830	420	410	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	1,155	605	550	130	65	65
Shona	1,810	850	960	65	40	35
Swahili	6,700	3,470	3,235	370	200	175
Wolof	600	365	235	35	15	20
Yoruba	5,930	3,035	2,890	250	125	125
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	6,585	3,265	3,320	300	175	130
Nilo-Saharan languages	3,070	1,495	1,575	50	30	20
Dinka	1,655	825	825	0	0	10
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	1,425	675	750	45	30	10
Sign languages	5,910	2,350	3,555	1,605	555	1,045
American Sign Language	3,085	1,130	1,955	795	235	555
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	10	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	2,855	1,230	1,625	815	325	495
Sino-Tibetan languages	141,860	67,945	73,915	7,135	3,615	3,515
Chinese languages	139,385	66,700	72,685	7,115	3,610	3,500
Cantonese	74,770	35,490	39,280	1,555	730	820
Hakka	1,180	515	660	45	25	25
Mandarin	70,510	33,310	37,195	5,435	2,720	2,710
Min Dong	85	50	40	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	4,140	1,765	2,380	195	75	120
Wu (Shanghainese)	855	380	470	60	35	30
Chinese, n.o.s.	6,335	3,160	3,175	575	340	245
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	55	25	35	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	2,590	1,290	1,300	20	10	15
Burmese	605	305	295	0	0	0
Karenic languages	805	415	390	0	0	0
Tibetan	860	430	430	20	10	15
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	445	215	235	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	3,705	1,510	2,195	240	110	130
Lao	1,520	730	795	20	0	10
Thai	2,400	850	1,545	220	100	120
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	45	25	25	0	0	0
Turkic languages	5,795	3,180	2,625	620	320	300
Azerbaijani	630	325	300	20	20	0
Turkish	4,255	2,420	1,835	480	225	255
Uyghur	290	135	155	15	0	10
Uzbek	425	200	225	105	60	40
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	355	170	180	10	10	0
Uralic languages	8,895	4,315	4,575	430	200	230
Estonian	185	85	105	50	25	20
Finnish	1,045	455	590	120	55	70
Hungarian	7,660	3,770	3,890	255	115	140
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Other languages, n.i.e.	1,820	1,025	790	75	40	35
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	3,978,145	1,998,495	1,979,645	908,340	440,735	467,605
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	3,622,740	1,825,135	1,797,600	878,415	425,340	453,070
Canadian citizens aged under 18	854,815	439,065	415,755	159,440	81,575	77,870
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	2,767,920	1,386,070	1,381,850	718,970	343,770	375,200
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	355,410	173,365	182,045	29,930	15,395	14,535
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	3,978,145	1,998,495	1,979,650	908,340	440,730	467,605
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	3,062,775	1,550,445	1,512,335	842,760	407,740	435,015
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	845,220	412,320	432,895	55,675	27,270	28,405
Before 1981	163,460	81,620	81,840	19,200	9,335	9,865
1981 to 1990	86,350	41,690	44,660	4,800	2,330	2,470
1991 to 2000	131,560	62,930	68,630	6,705	3,140	3,560
2001 to 2010	256,055	125,235	130,820	13,185	6,540	6,645
2001 to 2005	109,145	53,425	55,720	5,105	2,500	2,600
2006 to 2010	146,910	71,810	75,100	8,080	4,035	4,045
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	207,790	100,845	106,945	11,790	5,925	5,865
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	70,155	35,735	34,420	9,900	5,720	4,185
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	845,220	412,320	432,895	55,675	27,270	28,410
Under 5 years	82,175	42,200	39,975	7,280	3,495	3,785
5 to 14 years	149,815	77,820	71,995	10,445	5,240	5,205
15 to 24 years	168,965	78,215	90,755	10,170	4,670	5,500
25 to 44 years	372,805	180,265	192,535	22,980	11,315	11,660
45 years and over	71,450	33,820	37,630	4,800	2,550	2,250
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	845,215	412,325	432,895	55,680	27,270	28,410
Americas	103,540	49,345	54,190	10,610	4,830	5,780
Brazil	2,545	1,100	1,440	175	75	100
Colombia	9,535	4,570	4,960	175	90	85
El Salvador	7,255	3,725	3,530	95	50	45
Guyana	2,555	1,200	1,355	170	85	90
Haiti	1,270	675	600	55	30	30
Jamaica	6,845	3,170	3,680	480	210	275
Mexico	15,665	7,860	7,805	325	155	175
Peru	1,920	780	1,140	105	35	75
Trinidad and Tobago	3,415	1,670	1,750	220	120	100
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	30,460	13,675	16,785	7,375	3,320	4,055
Other places of birth in Americas	22,075	10,925	11,150	1,430	675	750
Europe	189,770	95,355	94,415	22,110	11,195	10,920
Bosnia and Herzegovina	4,555	2,325	2,230	210	115	100
Croatia	3,080	1,615	1,465	180	75	105
France	2,535	1,215	1,320	610	330	280
Germany	19,205	9,485	9,715	2,600	1,270	1,330
Greece	2,005	1,115	890	505	270	235
Hungary	3,665	1,880	1,785	110	40	65
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	3,935	2,100	1,835	475	225	255
Italy	8,110	4,370	3,745	525	310	215
Netherlands	14,035	7,420	6,610	1,645	790	855
Poland	16,925	8,045	8,880	630	265	365
Portugal	4,050	1,985	2,070	220	140	80
Romania	7,725	3,930	3,795	180	100	80
Russian Federation	7,260	3,135	4,125	585	270	315
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	2,255	1,080	1,170	90	45	45
Ukraine	8,150	3,700	4,455	335	145	195
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	59,215	30,280	28,935	11,275	5,815	5,460
Other places of birth in Europe	23,060	11,670	11,390	1,930	985	945
Africa	89,740	46,705	43,030	3,525	1,855	1,675
Algeria	1,340	715	625	25	15	15
Egypt	5,320	2,940	2,375	770	395	370
Ethiopia	10,570	5,355	5,215	185	105	85
Kenya	5,120	2,555	2,565	125	75	50
Morocco	1,695	1,005	695	80	50	30
Nigeria	12,405	6,520	5,880	350	185	165
Somalia	7,060	3,665	3,395	65	30	35
South Africa, Republic of	7,355	3,670	3,685	460	205	250
Other places of birth in Africa	38,865	20,275	18,590	1,465	790	675
Asia	452,225	215,955	236,265	18,955	9,100	9,855
Afghanistan	5,190	2,765	2,430	100	40	60
Bangladesh	5,085	2,590	2,500	315	180	135
China^{Census data footnote 59}	57,690	26,510	31,185	2,830	1,140	1,685
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	19,110	9,265	9,850	280	130	155
India	91,660	46,625	45,035	2,225	1,190	1,040
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	8,910	4,655	4,250	970	525	440
Iraq	5,935	3,205	2,730	525	250	285
Japan	3,065	905	2,160	225	60	170
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	13,850	6,530	7,320	870	340	530
Lebanon	10,395	5,640	4,750	1,370	755	610
Pakistan	28,075	14,630	13,445	615	315	295
Philippines	123,830	54,075	69,755	2,570	1,035	1,540
Sri Lanka	4,835	2,475	2,365	310	140	175
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	4,800	2,515	2,280	1,150	565	580
Taiwan	3,455	1,460	2,000	225	100	120
Viet Nam	27,080	12,645	14,435	450	205	245
Other places of birth in Asia	39,250	19,485	19,765	3,930	2,130	1,795
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	9,940	4,950	4,990	480	295	180
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	207,790	100,845	106,945	11,785	5,920	5,870
Americas	20,060	9,660	10,400	1,390	675	715
Brazil	860	370	490	95	40	55
Colombia	2,295	1,020	1,275	15	0	15
Cuba	465	215	255	70	40	30
Haiti	385	240	150	20	15	0
Jamaica	1,660	765	895	195	100	95
Mexico	4,405	2,250	2,150	105	55	45
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	4,645	2,130	2,515	615	310	305
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	1,570	745	820	15	10	10
Other places of birth in Americas	3,785	1,930	1,855	275	115	165
Europe	20,870	10,830	10,045	2,210	1,165	1,045
France	425	240	180	110	55	55
Germany	1,370	710	655	215	110	100
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	1,355	835	520	75	50	25
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	715	365	350	25	10	15
Romania	1,100	545	555	40	25	15
Russian Federation	1,235	430	805	180	75	100
Ukraine	2,340	1,060	1,280	140	55	80
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	6,225	3,570	2,650	1,080	620	460
Other places of birth in Europe	6,100	3,065	3,040	355	165	190
Africa	27,770	14,165	13,610	1,085	600	485
Algeria	255	115	135	15	0	10
Cameroon	1,055	515	545	0	0	10
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	805	365	440	55	30	25
Côte d'Ivoire	420	210	210	0	0	0
Egypt	1,940	1,045	895	205	105	95
Eritrea	2,390	1,335	1,055	70	40	30
Ethiopia	3,445	1,670	1,780	45	35	10
Morocco	515	265	250	30	15	10
Nigeria	6,110	3,200	2,910	200	100	100
Somalia	2,120	1,110	1,010	10	0	10
South Africa, Republic of	1,590	800	785	80	35	45
Tunisia	255	135	125	10	10	0
Other places of birth in Africa	6,870	3,400	3,470	365	220	150
Asia	137,110	65,055	72,050	7,035	3,435	3,600
Afghanistan	810	435	375	20	0	20
Bangladesh	1,355	635	715	80	50	30
China^{Census data footnote 59}	10,525	4,700	5,825	985	465	520
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	750	305	450	10	0	0
India	28,820	14,915	13,900	900	490	410
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	3,265	1,665	1,600	260	135	125
Iraq	2,010	1,045	960	245	125	120
Israel	480	250	230	280	180	100
Japan	665	195	475	70	25	50
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	3,840	1,710	2,125	225	75	150
Lebanon	1,470	755	710	75	35	40
Nepal	2,615	1,380	1,240	185	95	85
Pakistan	6,910	3,420	3,490	145	80	65
Philippines	59,390	26,960	32,435	1,500	640	860
Saudi Arabia	820	435	385	125	75	50
Sri Lanka	1,345	650	695	100	55	50
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	3,340	1,705	1,630	890	420	460
Taiwan	505	165	340	0	0	0
Turkey	390	215	180	100	55	40
United Arab Emirates	810	430	375	70	45	20
Viet Nam	2,040	795	1,240	65	20	45
Other places of birth in Asia	4,965	2,285	2,680	715	370	345
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	1,980	1,135	845	70	50	20
Australia	1,065	600	465	35	30	0
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	915	535	375	35	15	15
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	3,978,145	1,998,500	1,979,650	908,340	440,735	467,605
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	938,500	460,015	478,480	70,310	35,320	34,990
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	742,455	374,065	368,390	69,125	33,765	35,360
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	2,297,195	1,164,420	1,132,775	768,905	371,645	397,260
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	694,945	337,380	357,565	37,000	18,195	18,805
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	387,275	195,845	191,430	21,830	11,270	10,560
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	154,700	96,855	57,850	8,710	5,865	2,845
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	232,570	98,990	133,575	13,115	5,405	7,710
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	198,575	81,650	116,920	10,415	4,455	5,955
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	103,785	57,130	46,650	4,520	2,345	2,175
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	5,320	2,745	2,570	235	120	115
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	3,978,145	1,998,495	1,979,650	908,340	440,730	467,605
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	258,640	125,445	133,195	51,495	24,900	26,595
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	253,460	123,115	130,340	49,935	24,175	25,765
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	136,585	65,755	70,835	25,830	12,460	13,370
Métis	114,370	56,170	58,200	23,315	11,325	11,985
Inuk (Inuit)	2,500	1,195	1,305	795	385	410
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	2,905	1,350	1,555	835	425	410
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	2,280	975	1,300	725	300	420
Non-Aboriginal identity	3,719,505	1,873,055	1,846,450	856,850	415,835	441,015
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	3,978,145	1,998,500	1,979,645	908,340	440,735	467,610
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	123,235	59,065	64,170	18,940	9,135	9,805
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	3,854,915	1,939,430	1,915,475	889,405	431,595	457,800
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	3,978,145	1,998,500	1,979,645	908,340	440,735	467,610
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	103,600	50,680	52,915	15,055	7,255	7,805
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	99,940	48,860	51,070	14,780	7,120	7,655
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	81,685	39,815	41,870	11,995	5,790	6,210
Métis single ancestry	17,515	8,690	8,820	2,560	1,245	1,315
Inuit single ancestry	735	355	380	220	85	135
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	3,665	1,820	1,845	275	135	145
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	3,490	1,725	1,765	210	95	115
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	105	55	50	25	20	10
Métis and Inuit ancestries	50	35	15	30	20	15
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	20	0	15	10	0	10
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	200,215	97,055	103,160	58,980	27,665	31,315
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	189,830	92,295	97,530	56,830	26,660	30,170
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	104,875	50,595	54,280	34,375	15,975	18,400
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	82,585	40,530	42,060	21,200	10,120	11,080
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	2,365	1,170	1,195	1,255	560	690
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	10,385	4,760	5,625	2,145	1,005	1,140
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	9,760	4,465	5,295	1,850	855	995
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	310	155	155	135	50	80
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	270	110	160	130	90	45
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	40	25	20	30	10	20
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	3,674,330	1,850,760	1,823,570	834,300	405,810	428,495
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	3,978,145	1,998,495	1,979,645	908,340	440,735	467,605
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	933,165	461,460	471,705	58,650	29,305	29,350
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	230,930	118,535	112,390	7,910	4,385	3,525
Chinese	158,200	77,035	81,165	8,640	4,210	4,435
Black	129,390	66,960	62,440	21,915	10,735	11,175
Filipino	166,195	74,770	91,425	3,400	1,485	1,920
Latin American	55,090	27,560	27,525	1,685	820	865
Arab	56,700	30,245	26,450	8,110	4,375	3,735
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	43,985	21,025	22,960	1,195	525	670
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	20,980	11,010	9,965	1,540	805	740
Korean	21,275	10,130	11,145	1,540	685	855
Japanese	12,165	5,495	6,670	695	295	405
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	9,900	4,700	5,205	630	300	330
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	28,360	13,985	14,375	1,385	690	695
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	3,044,980	1,537,040	1,507,940	849,690	411,430	438,260
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	3,978,150	1,998,500	1,979,645	908,340	440,730	467,610
North American Aboriginal origins	303,815	147,735	156,075	74,040	34,920	39,115
First Nations (North American Indian)	200,290	96,845	103,445	48,640	22,805	25,835
Inuit	3,900	1,915	1,985	1,840	830	1,010
Métis	113,735	55,590	58,150	26,025	12,435	13,585
Other North American origins	955,040	486,735	468,305	410,825	197,970	212,855
Acadian	5,545	2,970	2,570	23,700	11,050	12,650
American	72,355	35,480	36,875	7,515	3,730	3,785
Canadian	902,315	460,335	441,975	387,360	186,955	200,405
New Brunswicker	50	35	15	35	15	20
Newfoundlander	1,985	1,135	850	1,750	835	910
Nova Scotian	190	115	70	1,295	625	665
Ontarian	110	65	45	95	65	35
Québécois	1,380	750	630	380	190	185
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	415	210	205	20	0	15
European origins	2,580,720	1,292,280	1,288,440	621,525	299,755	321,760
British Isles origins	1,581,265	787,205	794,060	513,725	246,085	267,645
Channel Islander	225	115	115	90	25	60
Cornish	210	90	115	105	45	65
English	899,440	444,010	455,440	262,375	124,610	137,765
Irish	596,750	288,710	308,040	195,865	91,260	104,605
Manx	945	450	495	145	70	70
Scottish	704,205	347,740	356,460	272,880	129,640	143,240
Welsh	80,455	38,715	41,740	17,135	8,105	9,030
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	90,865	44,055	46,815	18,975	8,955	10,020
French origins	411,560	201,160	210,395	149,665	70,095	79,570
Alsatian	200	120	80	25	20	10
Breton	60	25	35	15	10	10
Corsican	125	65	70	20	20	0
French	411,315	201,030	210,290	149,625	70,065	79,565
Western European origins (except French origins)	915,185	455,115	460,065	125,110	59,420	65,690
Austrian	39,530	19,225	20,305	1,775	880	895
Bavarian	110	60	55	10	10	10
Belgian	21,210	10,320	10,890	2,615	1,320	1,305
Dutch	195,720	97,735	97,990	32,045	14,640	17,410
Flemish	2,005	870	1,140	160	80	80
Frisian	685	380	305	50	20	30
German	712,955	353,755	359,195	97,555	46,450	51,100
Luxembourger	680	355	320	30	20	10
Swiss	24,310	11,905	12,410	2,705	1,335	1,375
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	830	390	440	140	75	60
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	329,990	159,695	170,295	14,985	7,075	7,910
Danish	60,380	29,240	31,135	3,700	1,695	2,005
Finnish	17,755	8,780	8,975	1,140	505	630
Icelandic	20,225	10,050	10,175	660	295	370
Norwegian	156,595	75,160	81,430	5,170	2,535	2,635
Swedish	97,840	46,445	51,385	3,565	1,575	1,990
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	13,515	7,005	6,505	1,365	750	620
Eastern European origins	685,270	336,430	348,845	29,685	14,315	15,370
Bulgarian	2,935	1,510	1,425	280	130	145
Byelorussian	2,200	1,165	1,035	195	85	105
Czech	20,865	10,405	10,460	1,165	620	545
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	10,055	4,800	5,255	420	175	245
Estonian	2,715	1,240	1,470	345	185	165
Hungarian	56,270	27,385	28,885	2,700	1,320	1,380
Latvian	3,245	1,585	1,660	380	160	220
Lithuanian	6,090	2,915	3,175	1,150	510	635
Moldovan	1,585	790	790	10	0	10
Polish	186,510	91,115	95,395	11,575	5,525	6,050
Romanian	34,230	16,520	17,710	1,190	540	650
Russian	107,800	51,840	55,960	4,775	2,210	2,570
Slovak	11,010	5,495	5,515	610	320	290
Ukrainian	369,090	181,600	187,490	9,115	4,475	4,640
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	1,910	1,015	895	310	150	160
Southern European origins	215,725	107,495	108,230	28,680	13,790	14,890
Albanian	2,935	1,555	1,385	285	140	145
Bosnian	3,870	1,985	1,890	155	75	75
Catalan	85	55	25	0	0	0
Croatian	14,220	7,535	6,690	680	325	360
Cypriot	160	90	70	40	30	15
Greek	15,025	7,790	7,235	3,360	1,705	1,650
Italian	101,265	50,975	50,285	15,620	7,605	8,015
Kosovar	420	210	210	255	115	145
Macedonian	1,015	485	535	165	90	80
Maltese	1,560	845	715	440	215	220
Montenegrin	290	185	105	20	10	10
Portuguese	22,385	11,395	10,985	3,580	1,700	1,880
Serbian	7,755	3,875	3,875	255	120	135
Sicilian	330	160	170	40	20	15
Slovenian	3,885	2,010	1,875	150	70	85
Spanish	48,055	22,225	25,835	4,300	1,875	2,425
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	5,120	2,495	2,625	400	205	200
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	245	120	125	85	50	40
Other European origins	22,805	11,700	11,105	5,465	2,845	2,625
Basque	425	210	215	160	75	85
Jewish	9,780	4,890	4,885	2,040	1,040	1,000
Roma (Gypsy)	465	220	245	135	110	25
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	995	505	490	25	25	0
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	11,255	5,940	5,310	3,145	1,610	1,535
Caribbean origins	36,120	18,050	18,070	5,220	2,580	2,640
Antiguan	455	265	190	100	50	55
Bahamian	310	180	130	230	105	115
Barbadian	2,065	980	1,080	575	300	275
Bermudan	210	120	90	185	90	100
Carib	135	45	85	45	30	10
Cuban	2,175	1,110	1,060	340	145	195
Dominican	930	530	395	150	85	65
Grenadian	595	300	295	35	20	20
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	2,235	1,210	1,025	115	50	65
Jamaican	17,325	8,540	8,785	2,075	1,050	1,025
Kittitian/Nevisian	95	65	30	45	15	30
Martinican	10	0	0	10	10	0
Montserratan	30	10	25	10	10	0
Puerto Rican	460	225	240	115	40	75
St. Lucian	595	295	300	65	20	50
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	5,180	2,685	2,490	325	170	155
Vincentian/Grenadinian	535	215	325	35	20	15
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	2,670	1,275	1,395	785	420	365
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	2,305	1,110	1,200	330	155	180
Latin, Central and South American origins	78,405	39,030	39,375	3,055	1,525	1,525
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	1,980	965	1,015	185	90	100
Arawak	105	30	70	0	0	0
Argentinian	1,385	705	680	65	40	25
Belizean	445	250	190	25	20	10
Bolivian	590	305	285	40	20	15
Brazilian	3,030	1,330	1,700	280	140	135
Chilean	8,105	4,115	3,990	130	80	45
Colombian	12,585	6,060	6,525	430	210	225
Costa Rican	575	270	305	35	10	25
Ecuadorian	890	405	485	50	20	30
Guatemalan	2,395	1,270	1,120	90	65	35
Guyanese	3,095	1,545	1,555	350	160	195
Hispanic	1,785	905	885	60	35	25
Honduran	760	405	355	50	35	20
Maya	580	310	275	70	35	30
Mexican	22,475	11,430	11,045	810	415	395
Nicaraguan	1,675	825	855	45	20	25
Panamanian	320	150	170	25	10	15
Paraguayan	340	155	190	0	0	0
Peruvian	2,740	1,245	1,495	180	85	95
Salvadorean	8,810	4,545	4,270	110	75	35
Uruguayan	315	180	135	15	0	20
Venezuelan	4,690	2,295	2,390	80	50	30
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	3,430	1,735	1,695	185	80	105
African origins	136,510	70,620	65,885	17,655	8,560	9,095
Central and West African origins	33,170	17,430	15,735	1,335	700	635
Akan	130	80	50	10	0	10
Angolan	295	155	140	10	0	10
Ashanti	130	70	55	0	10	0
Beninese	200	90	105	20	10	10
Burkinabe	100	50	50	0	0	10
Cameroonian	2,040	1,010	1,035	70	35	35
Chadian	75	55	20	0	0	0
Congolese	4,095	2,100	1,990	180	95	85
Edo	555	320	235	0	0	0
Ewe	125	70	55	0	0	0
Gabonese	25	10	20	10	0	0
Gambian	110	60	50	10	0	10
Ghanaian	4,470	2,365	2,100	185	105	85
Guinean	455	235	215	30	20	10
Ibo	1,760	935	825	90	50	40
Ivorian	655	355	295	10	0	0
Liberian	1,040	495	540	15	10	10
Malian	70	45	25	10	0	10
Malinké	95	55	45	15	10	10
Nigerian	13,010	6,815	6,200	445	240	210
Peulh	105	70	35	0	10	0
Senegalese	575	370	205	10	10	0
Sierra Leonean	740	395	345	80	45	35
Togolese	150	70	80	70	30	35
Wolof	70	45	25	0	0	0
Yoruba	2,990	1,600	1,385	65	25	45
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	1,865	985	875	120	65	50
North African origins	23,235	12,305	10,935	2,030	1,045	980
Algerian	1,620	805	815	85	45	40
Berber	685	415	270	70	50	20
Coptic	225	115	110	30	10	20
Dinka	565	320	250	0	0	0
Egyptian	8,525	4,515	4,010	1,295	695	600
Libyan	1,300	665	635	215	105	110
Maure	95	70	25	10	0	10
Moroccan	2,510	1,380	1,130	130	60	70
Sudanese	7,070	3,695	3,375	130	50	80
Tunisian	940	480	455	65	25	35
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	575	315	260	90	40	50
Southern and East African origins	56,560	29,285	27,275	1,865	920	945
Afrikaner	315	155	160	25	10	20
Amhara	450	240	215	10	10	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	700	395	310	10	10	0
Burundian	975	555	420	10	0	0
Djiboutian	170	90	75	0	0	0
Eritrean	7,960	4,250	3,715	160	85	75
Ethiopian	13,225	6,710	6,510	280	120	155
Harari	165	85	80	0	0	0
Kenyan	2,175	1,035	1,140	160	85	75
Malagasy	125	55	70	20	0	15
Mauritian	550	310	235	0	0	0
Oromo	1,355	765	595	25	15	15
Rwandan	1,420	745	675	105	55	50
Seychellois	35	25	10	0	0	0
Somali	14,100	7,315	6,790	180	75	100
South African	6,635	3,310	3,320	520	255	265
Tanzanian	1,030	525	505	60	45	20
Tigrian	700	380	320	15	0	10
Ugandan	1,155	645	510	60	25	40
Zambian	265	155	110	80	35	50
Zimbabwean	2,590	1,300	1,285	100	55	45
Zulu	295	135	160	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	3,875	2,010	1,870	170	100	75
Other African origins	26,150	12,995	13,155	12,620	5,990	6,635
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	2,525	1,220	1,305	2,255	1,060	1,195
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	23,960	11,950	12,010	10,460	4,965	5,495
Asian origins	756,335	370,390	385,945	42,500	21,445	21,050
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	97,355	51,035	46,315	17,205	8,915	8,295
Afghan	8,540	4,545	3,995	230	80	150
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	10,470	5,690	4,780	1,600	835	770
Armenian	1,780	865	910	265	160	110
Assyrian	560	300	255	10	10	0
Azerbaijani	615	280	335	20	20	0
Georgian	400	230	165	20	15	10
Hazara	365	190	170	0	0	0
Iranian	13,925	7,220	6,705	1,405	785	620
Iraqi	6,165	3,250	2,915	595	270	325
Israeli	1,565	830	740	245	120	120
Jordanian	1,325	670	655	260	150	115
Kazakh	565	260	310	45	30	20
Kurd	2,040	1,160	880	230	120	115
Kuwaiti	185	110	80	245	115	130
Kyrgyz	200	110	90	0	0	0
Lebanese	32,365	16,835	15,525	7,445	3,815	3,630
Palestinian	4,880	2,675	2,210	990	535	455
Pashtun	645	305	345	30	15	10
Saudi Arabian	390	205	180	725	470	255
Syrian	7,215	3,605	3,610	2,190	1,090	1,100
Tajik	265	160	105	20	10	10
Tatar	530	215	315	40	15	25
Turk	5,745	3,155	2,595	690	320	370
Turkmen	105	55	50	10	10	10
Uighur	270	125	140	10	10	0
Uzbek	485	225	260	90	60	30
Yemeni	930	440	485	205	105	95
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	2,445	1,305	1,140	780	410	370
South Asian origins	231,550	118,855	112,695	8,495	4,690	3,805
Bangladeshi	4,155	2,085	2,070	240	135	110
Bengali	1,660	870	790	65	40	20
Bhutanese	815	410	400	225	100	125
East Indian	174,510	89,140	85,370	6,255	3,460	2,795
Goan	495	265	225	10	10	0
Gujarati	855	445	410	10	0	0
Kashmiri	720	355	365	0	10	0
Nepali	4,600	2,490	2,110	430	220	210
Pakistani	29,265	15,075	14,190	665	405	260
Punjabi	15,645	8,230	7,420	230	110	115
Sinhalese	750	400	355	40	10	30
Sri Lankan	5,585	2,885	2,695	340	150	190
Tamil	1,050	565	485	60	30	35
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	4,845	2,500	2,335	470	290	175
East and Southeast Asian origins	431,135	202,400	228,735	16,715	7,850	8,870
Burmese	1,270	650	615	15	0	10
Cambodian (Khmer)	4,260	2,245	2,015	55	15	40
Chinese	188,280	90,735	97,545	9,695	4,720	4,980
Filipino	175,130	79,150	95,975	3,580	1,585	1,995
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	3,005	1,425	1,575	140	65	75
Japanese	16,595	7,510	9,085	905	385	515
Karen	740	390	345	0	0	0
Korean	22,410	10,655	11,755	1,590	700	895
Laotian	2,050	1,020	1,030	15	0	10
Malaysian	2,970	1,340	1,630	80	30	45
Mongolian	1,565	725	835	55	30	30
Singaporean	370	180	190	10	10	0
Taiwanese	1,995	855	1,140	240	100	140
Thai	2,735	980	1,750	245	85	155
Tibetan	965	500	465	10	0	10
Vietnamese	36,780	17,720	19,060	760	355	410
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	735	385	345	75	45	25
Other Asian origins	3,115	1,580	1,530	410	190	215
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	3,115	1,585	1,530	410	190	215
Oceania origins	15,500	7,825	7,680	895	450	445
Australian	7,785	3,975	3,810	490	255	235
New Zealander	2,905	1,535	1,370	290	155	130
Pacific Islands origins	5,150	2,510	2,635	125	55	70
Fijian	3,325	1,580	1,745	15	10	10
Hawaiian	425	190	235	25	10	15
Maori	640	325	320	40	20	25
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	205	105	95	20	15	10
Samoan	280	180	100	10	0	10
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	375	195	180	30	0	20
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	1,527,680	...	...	401,990	...	...
Owner	1,105,795	...	...	276,095	...	...
Renter	412,150	...	...	123,595	...	...
Band housing	9,730	...	...	2,300	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	1,527,675	...	...	401,990	...	...
Condominium	256,015	...	...	13,370	...	...
Not condominium	1,271,660	...	...	388,625	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	1,527,680	...	...	401,990	...	...
No bedrooms	5,440	...	...	1,140	...	...
1 bedroom	139,820	...	...	45,675	...	...
2 bedrooms	322,370	...	...	105,410	...	...
3 bedrooms	540,505	...	...	158,975	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	519,545	...	...	90,785	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	1,527,680	...	...	401,990	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	358,650	...	...	87,755	...	...
5 rooms	238,870	...	...	64,655	...	...
6 rooms	224,335	...	...	66,855	...	...
7 rooms	201,560	...	...	57,085	...	...
8 or more rooms	504,270	...	...	125,635	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.5	...	...	6.5	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	1,527,675	...	...	401,990	...	...
One person or fewer per room	1,494,875	...	...	399,855	...	...
More than 1 person per room	32,805	...	...	2,130	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	1,527,675	...	...	401,990	...	...
Suitable	1,458,550	...	...	390,445	...	...
Not suitable	69,125	...	...	11,540	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	1,527,680	...	...	401,990	...	...
1960 or before	177,780	...	...	112,530	...	...
1961 to 1980	439,505	...	...	113,715	...	...
1981 to 1990	193,360	...	...	59,105	...	...
1991 to 2000	216,410	...	...	49,825	...	...
2001 to 2005	157,420	...	...	23,045	...	...
2006 to 2010	180,645	...	...	23,925	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	162,560	...	...	19,840	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	1,527,680	...	...	401,990	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	1,440,440	...	...	366,615	...	...
Major repairs needed	87,240	...	...	35,375	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	1,527,680	...	...	401,990	...	...
1 household maintainer	873,125	...	...	241,800	...	...
2 household maintainers	605,830	...	...	152,970	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	48,725	...	...	7,220	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	1,527,680	...	...	401,990	...	...
15 to 24 years	53,955	...	...	14,575	...	...
25 to 34 years	281,820	...	...	49,695	...	...
35 to 44 years	307,930	...	...	59,550	...	...
45 to 54 years	310,435	...	...	77,555	...	...
55 to 64 years	288,480	...	...	85,360	...	...
65 to 74 years	169,505	...	...	66,865	...	...
75 to 84 years	86,970	...	...	35,980	...	...
85 years and over	28,585	...	...	12,405	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	1,479,270	...	...	395,860	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	1,170,780	...	...	310,540	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	308,485	...	...	85,315	...	...
30% to less than 100%	268,795	...	...	74,290	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	1,075,465	...	...	273,525	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	65.2	...	...	55.2	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	15.1	...	...	12.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,481	...	...	819	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,531	...	...	987	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	400,104	...	...	199,886	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	449,790	...	...	230,441	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	410,225	...	...	123,060	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	10.4	...	...	12.3	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	36.0	...	...	42.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,243	...	...	849	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,279	...	...	909	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	3,206,050	1,602,810	1,603,235	774,745	372,455	402,295
No certificate, diploma or degree	540,665	284,020	256,640	153,705	79,885	73,825
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	895,885	440,665	455,220	195,900	95,205	100,695
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	1,769,500	878,130	891,375	425,140	197,365	227,775
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	309,465	242,160	67,305	76,810	54,075	22,735
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	94,735	56,255	38,480	42,625	25,015	17,610
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	214,730	185,905	28,825	34,185	29,060	5,125
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	615,480	250,590	364,895	168,805	67,030	101,775
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	94,620	36,875	57,750	18,380	6,975	11,405
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	749,930	348,510	401,425	161,150	69,290	91,855
Bachelor's degree	530,085	235,610	294,470	108,385	45,185	63,205
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	39,955	18,075	21,880	9,495	4,020	5,475
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	21,850	11,810	10,045	4,700	2,595	2,110
Master's degree	133,265	67,215	66,055	32,645	13,840	18,805
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	24,770	15,805	8,965	5,925	3,655	2,270
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	2,257,820	1,131,030	1,126,795	494,505	237,795	256,710
No certificate, diploma or degree	244,755	136,085	108,675	60,280	34,820	25,460
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	569,435	283,290	286,145	116,280	57,600	58,675
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	1,443,635	711,655	731,975	317,950	145,375	172,570
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	238,220	189,180	49,035	52,370	37,255	15,115
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	69,415	42,445	26,970	29,105	17,300	11,810
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	168,805	146,740	22,065	23,265	19,955	3,310
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	496,375	203,350	293,020	128,010	51,890	76,120
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	73,315	29,315	44,005	11,595	4,325	7,275
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	635,730	289,810	345,920	125,970	51,905	74,065
Bachelor's degree	448,235	197,045	251,195	85,240	34,830	50,410
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	32,095	14,155	17,940	6,895	2,610	4,285
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	18,855	9,505	9,350	3,775	1,850	1,925
Master's degree	116,975	57,230	59,740	26,025	10,380	15,640
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	19,570	11,875	7,695	4,045	2,240	1,805
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	3,206,045	1,602,810	1,603,235	774,750	372,455	402,295
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	1,436,545	724,680	711,865	349,605	175,090	174,520
Education	121,930	29,000	92,930	31,395	8,460	22,930
13. Education	121,930	29,000	92,930	31,390	8,465	22,930
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	49,660	20,960	28,705	10,700	5,095	5,605
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	9,130	6,305	2,820	2,070	1,565	505
50. Visual and performing arts	40,535	14,650	25,885	8,635	3,530	5,100
Humanities	69,305	27,480	41,830	18,830	7,520	11,310
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	6,790	1,620	5,170	1,175	355	820
23. English language and literature/letters	15,110	4,270	10,840	5,110	1,530	3,580
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	20,660	7,275	13,390	4,545	1,540	3,000
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	225	105	125	65	25	35
38. Philosophy and religious studies	4,890	2,750	2,140	1,240	675	565
39. Theology and religious vocations	11,435	6,560	4,865	2,200	1,340	860
54. History	8,600	4,560	4,045	3,615	1,865	1,755
55. French language and literature/letters	1,595	345	1,250	880	190	695
Social and behavioural sciences and law	159,735	51,705	108,030	40,155	11,980	28,175
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	2,345	470	1,875	635	145	490
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	17,180	6,320	10,865	3,285	1,260	2,025
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	28,750	2,185	26,570	9,115	750	8,365
22. Legal professions and studies	29,000	9,355	19,645	6,110	1,920	4,185
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	2,190	605	1,580	610	135	475
42. Psychology	27,275	6,765	20,515	8,170	2,060	6,110
45. Social sciences	52,985	26,000	26,985	12,240	5,710	6,520
Business, management and public administration	361,530	133,045	228,485	93,075	27,030	66,045
30.16 Accounting and computer science	670	155	520	205	55	150
44. Public administration and social service professions	21,565	4,015	17,555	6,285	1,345	4,940
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	339,295	128,885	210,410	86,590	25,630	60,960
Physical and life sciences and technologies	72,850	38,330	34,525	15,340	7,650	7,685
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	25,850	10,955	14,895	6,910	2,990	3,925
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	15,410	7,270	8,145	3,340	1,455	1,880
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	555	170	385	165	35	120
40. Physical sciences	26,130	17,875	8,255	4,260	3,005	1,255
41. Science technologies/technicians	4,900	2,055	2,845	665	165	500
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	60,830	37,710	23,120	15,745	9,355	6,390
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	48,975	32,855	16,125	12,750	8,055	4,695
25. Library science	4,295	515	3,780	1,210	175	1,040
27. Mathematics and statistics	7,050	4,020	3,035	1,590	995	600
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	515	330	185	200	135	65
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	463,185	415,665	47,520	92,920	87,340	5,580
04. Architecture and related services	11,325	7,140	4,190	1,370	860	510
14. Engineering	110,345	89,275	21,070	11,925	10,290	1,640
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	84,800	72,145	12,655	17,805	16,110	1,695
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	60	10	50	10	0	10
46. Construction trades	100,370	96,810	3,560	24,800	24,235	570
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	103,880	100,100	3,785	25,465	24,680	780
48. Precision production	52,400	50,195	2,205	11,545	11,165	380
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	44,270	27,245	17,025	7,630	4,615	3,015
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	28,440	17,860	10,580	4,215	2,160	2,055
03. Natural resources and conservation	15,830	9,390	6,445	3,410	2,450	960
Health and related fields	270,920	51,220	219,700	66,770	10,595	56,175
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	19,300	9,110	10,195	3,560	1,730	1,825
51. Health professions and related programs	245,265	38,460	206,810	61,755	7,955	53,800
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	6,350	3,650	2,695	1,460	910	550
Personal, protective and transportation services	95,140	45,720	49,415	32,535	17,700	14,830
12. Personal and culinary services	57,285	14,985	42,305	17,625	4,455	13,170
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	250	230	20	250	240	10
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	740	655	85	905	850	50
43. Security and protective services	16,985	11,590	5,400	4,540	3,535	1,005
49. Transportation and materials moving	19,880	18,270	1,610	9,220	8,625	600
Other	150	60	95	45	10	40
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	145	60	95	50	10	40
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	2,257,820	1,131,025	1,126,795	494,505	237,795	256,710
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	814,190	419,370	394,820	176,560	92,420	84,135
Education	91,020	19,920	71,105	20,590	4,940	15,650
13. Education	91,025	19,920	71,100	20,585	4,940	15,650
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	40,255	16,670	23,585	8,145	3,855	4,285
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	7,095	4,810	2,285	1,515	1,140	375
50. Visual and performing arts	33,155	11,860	21,300	6,630	2,715	3,915
Humanities	55,985	21,840	34,145	13,745	5,275	8,465
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	5,690	1,310	4,380	895	280	615
23. English language and literature/letters	12,345	3,425	8,920	3,800	1,095	2,705
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	17,320	6,020	11,300	3,425	1,125	2,305
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	200	95	100	60	25	35
38. Philosophy and religious studies	3,930	2,205	1,725	910	490	420
39. Theology and religious vocations	8,500	4,960	3,545	1,330	795	535
54. History	6,855	3,565	3,285	2,710	1,340	1,370
55. French language and literature/letters	1,140	245	895	620	130	490
Social and behavioural sciences and law	135,545	42,855	92,685	32,650	9,150	23,500
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	2,025	425	1,600	520	110	410
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	14,880	5,360	9,520	2,750	1,030	1,720
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	23,730	1,770	21,960	7,395	580	6,810
22. Legal professions and studies	25,095	7,395	17,705	5,225	1,380	3,845
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	1,790	530	1,255	460	100	355
42. Psychology	22,460	5,290	17,170	6,545	1,580	4,970
45. Social sciences	45,565	22,095	23,465	9,755	4,360	5,390
Business, management and public administration	301,995	110,825	191,170	69,255	20,285	48,970
30.16 Accounting and computer science	560	135	420	175	40	135
44. Public administration and social service professions	18,035	3,130	14,910	5,140	1,025	4,120
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	283,400	107,560	175,840	63,935	19,220	44,715
Physical and life sciences and technologies	58,120	29,655	28,465	11,075	5,385	5,690
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	20,925	8,620	12,310	5,285	2,240	3,045
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	12,175	5,740	6,435	2,390	1,030	1,360
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	460	155	305	130	30	100
40. Physical sciences	20,785	13,645	7,140	2,910	2,005	905
41. Science technologies/technicians	3,775	1,500	2,270	365	85	275
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	53,975	33,590	20,385	13,625	8,240	5,385
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	44,735	29,980	14,750	11,505	7,330	4,170
25. Library science	3,400	440	2,965	815	115	700
27. Mathematics and statistics	5,420	2,915	2,500	1,130	660	470
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	420	255	165	175	125	50
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	376,875	335,210	41,670	67,930	63,180	4,750
04. Architecture and related services	9,335	5,630	3,710	1,020	585	430
14. Engineering	95,005	75,840	19,170	8,585	7,230	1,355
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	69,300	58,610	10,690	13,410	11,920	1,495
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	55	10	50	0	0	10
46. Construction trades	80,455	77,430	3,020	18,355	17,835	515
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	81,470	78,290	3,180	18,540	17,910	625
48. Precision production	41,255	39,405	1,850	8,020	7,700	325
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	35,820	21,060	14,760	5,995	3,475	2,520
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	21,990	12,970	9,025	3,270	1,570	1,695
03. Natural resources and conservation	13,825	8,090	5,740	2,725	1,905	825
Health and related fields	217,640	42,225	175,410	50,220	8,215	42,010
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	15,955	7,530	8,425	2,730	1,350	1,380
51. Health professions and related programs	196,250	31,775	164,475	46,385	6,215	40,165
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	5,435	2,925	2,505	1,110	650	460
Personal, protective and transportation services	76,300	37,755	38,540	24,685	13,375	11,310
12. Personal and culinary services	44,755	12,085	32,670	13,490	3,480	10,000
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	190	170	20	205	200	10
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	460	410	50	475	435	40
43. Security and protective services	14,100	9,595	4,505	3,465	2,655	815
49. Transportation and materials moving	16,795	15,490	1,305	7,045	6,595	450
Other	115	55	60	45	10	40
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	110	55	60	50	10	35
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	3,206,045	1,602,810	1,603,235	774,745	372,455	402,295
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	1,436,545	724,685	711,865	349,605	175,090	174,515
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	1,769,505	878,130	891,370	425,145	197,365	227,775
Location of study inside Canada	1,424,855	709,950	714,905	396,690	182,875	213,810
Same as province or territory of residence	1,064,560	530,135	534,430	315,140	141,965	173,175
Different than province or territory of residence	360,290	179,815	180,475	81,550	40,915	40,640
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	344,645	168,180	176,465	28,450	14,485	13,965
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	45,690	25,545	20,145	7,950	4,110	3,840
Philippines	68,760	26,480	42,280	1,530	540	995
India	41,560	21,025	20,535	1,755	935	825
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	28,630	16,255	12,370	5,530	3,225	2,305
China^{Census data footnote 162}	18,850	8,805	10,050	1,080	445	635
France	2,150	1,275	875	350	210	145
Other	139,010	68,800	70,210	10,255	5,030	5,225
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	2,257,820	1,131,030	1,126,795	494,510	237,800	256,710
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	814,190	419,375	394,820	176,560	92,420	84,140
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	1,443,630	711,655	731,980	317,950	145,380	172,575
Location of study inside Canada	1,150,780	572,180	578,595	297,430	135,465	161,965
Same as province or territory of residence	857,370	426,365	431,010	236,720	105,480	131,235
Different than province or territory of residence	293,410	145,820	147,590	60,710	29,980	30,730
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	292,850	139,470	153,380	20,525	9,915	10,605
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	34,655	18,640	16,015	4,905	2,370	2,540
Philippines	64,000	24,435	39,565	1,415	520	900
India	37,240	18,505	18,740	1,385	725	660
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	20,065	11,390	8,675	3,455	1,930	1,525
China^{Census data footnote 162}	16,600	7,630	8,965	810	335	475
France	1,870	1,105	765	245	140	100
Other	118,425	57,770	60,655	8,305	3,900	4,405
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	3,206,050	1,602,810	1,603,235	774,750	372,455	402,290
In the labour force	2,302,945	1,238,280	1,064,655	474,595	242,775	231,820
Employed	2,096,105	1,114,360	981,745	427,310	215,010	212,305
Unemployed	206,835	123,925	82,910	47,280	27,765	19,520
Not in the labour force	903,105	364,525	538,580	300,155	129,680	170,475
Participation rate	71.8	77.3	66.4	61.3	65.2	57.6
Employment rate	65.4	69.5	61.2	55.2	57.7	52.8
Unemployment rate	9.0	10.0	7.8	10.0	11.4	8.4
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	3,206,050	1,602,810	1,603,235	774,750	372,455	402,295
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	806,150	318,845	487,310	274,375	117,550	156,825
Worked	2,399,895	1,283,965	1,115,930	500,370	254,905	245,465
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	1,193,860	698,530	495,330	252,820	135,940	116,880
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	1,206,035	585,430	620,595	247,550	118,965	128,585
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.5	43.1	41.7	41.6	41.5	41.7
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	2,302,940	1,238,285	1,064,660	474,590	242,775	231,820
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	40,005	18,650	21,360	9,265	4,800	4,470
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	2,262,935	1,219,635	1,043,300	465,330	237,975	227,350
Employee	1,984,225	1,042,630	941,595	420,745	210,170	210,570
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	278,710	177,010	101,705	44,585	27,805	16,775
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	2,302,940	1,238,280	1,064,660	474,595	242,775	231,820
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	40,010	18,645	21,360	9,265	4,800	4,470
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	2,262,935	1,219,635	1,043,300	465,330	237,975	227,350
0 Management occupations	261,505	167,260	94,245	45,530	27,170	18,365
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	353,965	95,685	258,280	67,495	17,930	49,565
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	175,025	136,240	38,795	27,450	21,980	5,465
3 Health occupations	150,415	28,130	122,290	37,600	6,290	31,310
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	228,325	74,105	154,220	58,165	20,975	37,185
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	50,170	19,960	30,210	12,490	5,560	6,930
6 Sales and service occupations	491,495	204,245	287,255	113,135	45,385	67,750
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	406,495	376,375	30,120	67,625	64,200	3,430
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	72,465	59,465	13,000	18,380	15,730	2,650
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	73,070	58,170	14,895	17,460	12,755	4,705
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	2,302,940	1,238,280	1,064,660	474,595	242,775	231,820
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	40,005	18,650	21,360	9,265	4,795	4,465
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	2,262,935	1,219,630	1,043,305	465,330	237,975	227,350
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	64,035	43,045	20,990	17,775	14,165	3,610
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	142,490	109,105	33,390	4,025	3,630	390
22 Utilities	21,940	15,345	6,595	2,880	2,115	760
23 Construction	236,370	201,640	34,730	33,555	30,185	3,370
31-33 Manufacturing	127,535	96,045	31,490	32,375	23,565	8,810
41 Wholesale trade	80,610	56,840	23,775	13,345	9,650	3,690
44-45 Retail trade	249,880	115,065	134,810	59,570	26,295	33,280
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	115,295	83,675	31,620	19,660	14,980	4,680
51 Information and cultural industries	33,045	18,625	14,420	9,310	5,250	4,055
52 Finance and insurance	69,225	25,230	43,995	15,240	5,690	9,545
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	41,520	23,075	18,450	6,870	3,890	2,980
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	167,800	94,565	73,240	26,065	14,090	11,975
55 Management of companies and enterprises	5,560	2,760	2,795	625	255	365
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	87,350	49,595	37,760	22,240	12,950	9,295
61 Educational services	147,270	44,160	103,110	35,480	11,705	23,780
62 Health care and social assistance	245,875	41,235	204,645	64,390	10,435	53,955
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	44,880	21,550	23,335	9,385	4,555	4,835
72 Accommodation and food services	153,790	62,220	91,570	33,115	12,095	21,025
81 Other services (except public administration)	105,865	50,455	55,405	19,195	8,875	10,320
91 Public administration	122,595	65,420	57,175	40,225	23,590	16,635
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	2,096,110	1,114,360	981,745	427,310	215,010	212,300
Worked at home	162,465	77,935	84,530	28,075	13,780	14,300
Worked outside Canada	6,270	4,715	1,555	1,665	1,185	485
No fixed workplace address	307,065	236,995	70,070	51,545	38,965	12,575
Worked at usual place	1,620,310	794,720	825,595	346,020	161,075	184,945
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	1,620,310	794,720	825,595	346,020	161,075	184,945
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	1,186,170	554,850	631,330	251,000	116,125	134,875
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	358,010	190,730	167,280	57,510	23,850	33,655
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	64,360	41,925	22,435	32,230	17,425	14,805
Commute to a different province or territory	11,770	7,210	4,560	5,285	3,675	1,610
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	1,927,375	1,031,710	895,665	397,570	200,045	197,525
Car, truck, van - as a driver	1,497,440	832,890	664,545	310,240	159,660	150,580
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	99,635	40,215	59,420	29,150	12,090	17,055
Public transit	194,560	88,325	106,235	25,315	11,425	13,890
Walked	85,805	38,030	47,775	24,870	11,635	13,235
Bicycle	21,925	14,685	7,240	2,480	1,695	785
Other method	28,015	17,560	10,455	5,520	3,535	1,985
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	1,927,375	1,031,710	895,665	397,565	200,045	197,525
Less than 15 minutes	519,085	237,105	281,980	136,245	62,375	73,880
15 to 29 minutes	706,940	377,165	329,780	145,310	73,055	72,260
30 to 44 minutes	422,070	243,905	178,165	69,795	37,770	32,025
45 to 59 minutes	148,620	86,485	62,135	24,405	13,070	11,335
60 minutes and over	130,665	87,060	43,605	21,815	13,785	8,030
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	1,927,375	1,031,710	895,665	397,570	200,045	197,520
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	145,660	107,460	38,200	23,775	16,345	7,430
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	395,425	254,225	141,200	76,185	44,615	31,570
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	567,530	297,825	269,705	119,920	60,740	59,185
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	347,270	147,425	199,845	83,505	32,835	50,670
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	188,660	77,175	111,490	35,470	14,005	21,465
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	282,820	147,600	135,225	58,715	31,510	27,205
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	2,467,410	1,314,320	1,153,090	514,080	261,365	252,710
Single responses	2,446,600	1,304,240	1,142,360	510,800	259,940	250,860
Official languages	2,425,545	1,292,940	1,132,610	509,100	258,990	250,105
English	2,418,990	1,290,870	1,128,120	502,960	256,380	246,585
French	6,560	2,070	4,490	6,135	2,615	3,525
Non-official languages	21,055	11,305	9,750	1,705	950	755
Aboriginal languages	1,000	550	450	650	350	295
Algonquian languages	670	355	315	650	355	295
Blackfoot	75	50	30	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	565	295	270	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	10	10	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	30	10	20	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	535	280	255	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	645	350	290
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	645	355	295
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	20	15	10	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	25	15	10	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	75	45	30	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	75	40	35	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	60	35	25	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	10	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	15	10	10	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	10	10	10	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	255	155	105	0	0	0
Dakota	15	10	10	0	0	0
Stoney	240	140	95	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	20,050	10,755	9,300	1,055	600	455
Afro-Asiatic languages	940	575	360	195	150	45
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	100	45	55	0	0	0
Bilen	10	0	10	0	0	0
Oromo	25	15	15	0	0	0
Somali	60	25	35	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	840	530	305	190	150	45
Amharic	85	50	35	10	0	10
Arabic	610	415	195	165	135	30
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	10	10	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	50	15	35	25	15	10
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	40	15	25	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	50	25	25	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	1,305	515	790	10	0	10
Khmer (Cambodian)	15	10	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	1,290	505	780	10	0	10
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	850	420	430	15	10	15
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	15	0	10	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	10	0	10	0	0	0
Ilocano	30	10	20	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	10	10	10	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	785	405	380	20	0	10
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	55	25	35	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	15	10	0	0	0	0
Tamil	35	15	15	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	10	0
Indo-European languages	8,280	4,855	3,425	385	225	160
Albanian	30	20	10	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	690	335	355	30	20	15
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	695	335	360	25	20	10
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	15	15	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Croatian	15	10	15	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Polish	220	135	85	0	0	0
Russian	275	120	160	25	20	10
Serbian	25	0	20	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	25	0	20	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	100	40	55	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	2,535	1,700	840	190	115	75
Afrikaans	30	10	20	0	0	0
Danish	10	0	10	10	10	10
Dutch	145	80	65	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	2,160	1,455	700	155	85	65
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Swedish	15	10	10	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	10	0	10	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	165	135	30	20	10	0
Greek	20	15	0	0	10	0
Indo-Iranian languages	3,215	1,870	1,350	50	30	20
Indo-Aryan languages	3,010	1,735	1,275	20	20	0
Bengali	25	10	15	0	0	0
Gujarati	75	15	60	0	0	0
Hindi	210	110	100	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	40	20	15	15	15	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	2,480	1,510	970	10	10	0
Sindhi	10	0	10	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	10	0	0	0	0
Urdu	155	50	100	0	0	0
Iranian languages	200	130	70	30	10	15
Kurdish	15	10	0	0	0	0
Pashto	15	15	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	175	105	70	30	10	20
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,780	920	860	105	50	60
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	30	10	15	10	10	0
Portuguese	140	70	70	30	15	15
Romanian	50	30	20	0	0	0
Spanish	1,560	800	760	75	30	40
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	195	75	125	35	10	25
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	785	350	435	50	20	25
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	35	10	30	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	30	10	25	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	10	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	230	120	115	45	20	25
American Sign Language	125	40	85	20	10	10
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	105	80	30	25	15	15
Sino-Tibetan languages	7,080	3,665	3,420	310	165	145
Chinese languages	7,035	3,635	3,400	305	165	145
Cantonese	4,545	2,340	2,205	80	45	35
Hakka	15	0	10	0	0	0
Mandarin	2,170	1,125	1,045	210	105	110
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	30	10	15	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	275	155	125	15	15	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	45	30	20	0	0	0
Burmese	10	10	10	0	0	0
Karenic languages	25	15	10	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	10	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	125	60	65	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	130	60	65	0	0	10
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	80	35	45	10	0	10
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	65	30	30	10	0	10
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	10	0	10	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0	0	0
Uralic languages	70	45	25	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	10	10	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	65	40	25	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	10	10	0
Multiple responses	20,810	10,080	10,735	3,270	1,420	1,850
English and French	4,525	2,050	2,475	2,295	950	1,345
English and non-official language	15,935	7,860	8,075	930	460	470
French and non-official language	55	25	30	0	0	10
English, French and non-official language	295	140	155	40	15	30
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	2,467,410	1,314,320	1,153,095	514,075	261,365	252,710
None	2,370,575	1,264,955	1,105,620	491,875	250,710	241,170
English	13,805	6,540	7,270	5,115	2,370	2,745
French	23,920	11,380	12,545	13,405	6,555	6,855
Non-official language	57,640	30,700	26,935	3,430	1,600	1,825
Aboriginal	5,045	2,370	2,680	855	365	490
Non-Aboriginal	52,590	28,335	24,260	2,570	1,240	1,330
English and French	30	15	15	10	0	10
English and non-official language	215	105	110	0	10	0
French and non-official language	1,220	625	595	230	130	105
English, French and non-official language	0	10	0	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	3,925,440	1,971,515	1,953,920	900,450	436,790	463,660
Non-movers	3,318,340	1,667,060	1,651,280	792,100	384,560	407,535
Movers	607,095	304,450	302,640	108,350	52,230	56,120
Non-migrants	394,230	199,640	194,590	68,165	32,930	35,235
Migrants	212,865	104,815	108,050	40,185	19,300	20,885
Internal migrants	166,390	82,335	84,055	33,720	16,055	17,665
Intraprovincial migrants	120,105	59,845	60,260	18,480	8,390	10,090
Interprovincial migrants	46,280	22,490	23,795	15,240	7,665	7,570
External migrants	46,475	22,480	23,995	6,470	3,240	3,225
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	3,714,635	1,863,450	1,851,190	866,425	419,580	446,845
Non-movers	2,052,580	1,028,510	1,024,070	582,705	283,125	299,575
Movers	1,662,055	834,935	827,120	283,720	136,455	147,265
Non-migrants	899,165	454,700	444,465	169,570	81,405	88,165
Migrants	762,890	380,235	382,655	114,150	55,045	59,100
Internal migrants	559,860	280,255	279,610	94,885	45,015	49,860
Intraprovincial migrants	333,775	165,900	167,875	50,330	23,230	27,095
Interprovincial migrants	226,090	114,355	111,730	44,555	21,785	22,770
External migrants	203,025	99,980	103,045	19,270	10,035	9,240

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Alberta [Province] and Nova Scotia [Province] (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 11, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Alberta [Province] and Nova Scotia [Province]

Census Profile, 2016 Census Alberta [Province] and Nova Scotia [Province]

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Alberta [Province] and Nova Scotia [Province]