Census Profile, 2016 Census
Alberta [Province] and New Brunswick [Province]

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Alberta [Province]			New Brunswick [Province]
	Data quality , Alberta [Province] Map : Alberta [Province] Change geography 1			Data quality : New Brunswick [Province] Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	4,067,175	...	...	747,101	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	3,645,257	...	...	751,171	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	11.6	...	...	-0.5	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	1,654,129	...	...	359,721	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	1,527,678	...	...	319,773	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	6.4	...	...	10.5	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	640,330.46	...	...	71,388.81	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	4,067,175	2,039,410	2,027,765	747,105	365,355	381,745
0 to 14 years	779,155	399,570	379,580	110,495	56,320	54,180
0 to 4 years	266,515	136,520	129,995	34,365	17,505	16,860
5 to 9 years	270,715	138,990	131,725	38,250	19,515	18,735
10 to 14 years	241,920	124,060	117,860	37,880	19,295	18,585
15 to 64 years	2,787,805	1,408,150	1,379,655	487,820	240,535	247,285
15 to 19 years	240,035	123,625	116,410	40,605	20,905	19,705
20 to 24 years	261,830	133,990	127,840	41,445	21,280	20,165
25 to 29 years	310,940	156,715	154,225	39,245	19,745	19,505
30 to 34 years	333,175	167,555	165,620	41,510	20,140	21,365
35 to 39 years	305,505	153,655	151,850	44,435	21,585	22,850
40 to 44 years	281,205	142,545	138,660	48,430	23,520	24,910
45 to 49 years	269,030	135,855	133,180	51,300	25,195	26,105
50 to 54 years	284,310	142,205	142,100	61,055	29,795	31,265
55 to 59 years	275,540	138,565	136,970	61,740	30,210	31,530
60 to 64 years	226,230	113,440	112,790	58,060	28,170	29,895
65 years and over	500,215	231,690	268,530	148,785	68,500	80,280
65 to 69 years	173,680	85,500	88,180	52,160	25,595	26,570
70 to 74 years	117,035	56,430	60,610	36,050	17,695	18,360
75 to 79 years	83,955	39,105	44,845	25,300	11,835	13,465
80 to 84 years	62,165	27,590	34,575	17,650	7,515	10,135
85 years and over	63,385	23,065	40,320	17,620	5,860	11,765
85 to 89 years	39,965	16,050	23,915	10,670	3,910	6,760
90 to 94 years	18,025	5,755	12,275	5,305	1,595	3,715
95 to 99 years	4,735	1,145	3,595	1,435	330	1,110
100 years and over	650	115	535	205	30	185
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	19.2	19.6	18.7	14.8	15.4	14.2
15 to 64 years	68.5	69.0	68.0	65.3	65.8	64.8
65 years and over	12.3	11.4	13.2	19.9	18.7	21.0
85 years and over	1.6	1.1	2.0	2.4	1.6	3.1
Average age of the population	37.8	37.2	38.4	43.6	42.7	44.5
Median age of the population	36.7	36.2	37.2	45.7	44.8	46.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	1,527,675	...	...	319,770	...	...
Single-detached house	946,225	...	...	221,515	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	62,395	...	...	3,945	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	471,090	...	...	80,515	...	...
Semi-detached house	86,765	...	...	12,470	...	...
Row house	116,625	...	...	9,015	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	43,090	...	...	13,545	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	223,360	...	...	44,260	...	...
Other single-attached house	1,245	...	...	1,230	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	47,970	...	...	13,795	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	1,527,675	...	...	319,775	...	...
1 person	366,080	...	...	89,480	...	...
2 persons	524,415	...	...	126,820	...	...
3 persons	245,075	...	...	49,465	...	...
4 persons	233,770	...	...	37,625	...	...
5 or more persons	158,335	...	...	16,385	...	...
Number of persons in private households	3,978,145	...	...	730,705	...	...
Average household size	2.6	...	...	2.3	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	3,288,020	1,639,835	1,648,185	636,605	309,040	327,570
Married or living common law	1,969,300	988,410	980,895	379,605	189,790	189,820
Married	1,648,945	828,155	820,790	302,020	151,100	150,925
Living common law	320,350	160,250	160,100	77,580	38,685	38,895
Not married and not living common law	1,318,720	651,430	667,290	257,000	119,250	137,745
Never married	905,700	505,310	400,390	158,070	85,640	72,430
Separated	76,150	34,000	42,150	21,290	9,530	11,760
Divorced	195,850	82,040	113,815	35,680	15,275	20,405
Widowed	141,020	30,080	110,940	41,965	8,805	33,160
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	1,114,585	...	...	222,865	...	...
2 persons	540,850	...	...	129,065	...	...
3 persons	235,245	...	...	47,015	...	...
4 persons	227,165	...	...	34,860	...	...
5 or more persons	111,330	...	...	11,920	...	...
Average size of census families	3.0	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	1,114,585	...	...	222,865	...	...
Total couple families	953,325	...	...	186,680	...	...
Married couples	793,195	...	...	147,900	...	...
Common-law couples	160,130	...	...	38,780	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	161,260	...	...	36,185	...	...
Female parent	123,490	...	...	28,650	...	...
Male parent	37,770	...	...	7,530	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	953,325	...	...	186,675	...	...
Couples without children	443,665	...	...	105,625	...	...
Couples with children	509,655	...	...	81,060	...	...
1 child	190,010	...	...	37,440	...	...
2 children	213,910	...	...	32,380	...	...
3 or more children	105,735	...	...	11,235	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	161,260	...	...	36,185	...	...
1 child	97,180	...	...	23,440	...	...
2 children	45,235	...	...	9,570	...	...
3 or more children	18,845	...	...	3,170	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	678,535	356,875	321,655	128,775	61,010	67,770
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	1,527,675	...	...	319,770	...	...
One-census-family households	1,039,985	...	...	214,235	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	414,570	...	...	102,170	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	625,415	...	...	112,070	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	36,120	...	...	4,280	...	...
Non-census-family households	451,570	...	...	101,255	...	...
One-person households	366,080	...	...	89,480	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	85,490	...	...	11,775	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	4,026,650	2,020,510	2,006,140	736,280	360,440	375,840
English only	3,698,765	1,869,670	1,829,095	420,820	210,555	210,260
French only	3,895	1,725	2,165	63,140	29,955	33,190
English and French	264,720	124,400	140,315	249,950	118,705	131,245
Neither English nor French	59,280	24,715	34,565	2,370	1,220	1,150
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	4,026,650	2,020,510	2,006,140	736,280	360,440	375,845
English	3,880,685	1,950,980	1,929,705	498,365	244,230	254,135
French	71,535	37,205	34,330	232,450	113,500	118,945
English and French	16,605	8,350	8,255	3,210	1,550	1,655
Neither English nor French	57,830	23,970	33,860	2,255	1,150	1,100
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	79,840	41,380	38,455	234,055	114,280	119,775
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	2.0	2.0	1.9	31.8	31.7	31.9
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	4,026,650	2,020,510	2,006,140	736,280	360,440	375,845
Single responses	3,934,580	1,975,615	1,958,970	726,990	356,005	370,990
Official languages	3,063,640	1,552,475	1,511,165	703,840	344,285	359,555
English	2,991,485	1,515,025	1,476,460	472,725	231,595	241,135
French	72,150	37,450	34,705	231,110	112,690	118,415
Non-official languages	870,940	423,140	447,805	23,150	11,715	11,435
Aboriginal languages	23,835	11,290	12,550	2,165	1,035	1,135
Algonquian languages	18,295	8,665	9,630	2,130	1,020	1,110
Blackfoot	2,750	1,305	1,445	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	14,960	7,105	7,850	10	5	5
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	5	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	10	0	5	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	50	15	35	0	0	0
Plains Cree	720	280	435	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	50	20	35	0	0	0
Woods Cree	910	430	480	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	13,220	6,355	6,865	0	5	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	30	15	15	2,115	1,010	1,105
Malecite	0	5	0	280	125	155
Mi'kmaq	35	20	15	1,835	885	950
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	550	235	315	10	5	5
Algonquin	5	0	5	0	0	0
Ojibway	525	230	300	5	5	0
Oji-Cree	15	5	15	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	5	5	0
Athabaskan languages	1,865	865	1,000	5	0	5
Northern Athabaskan languages	1,855	860	990	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	35	15	15	0	0	0
Carrier	15	0	15	0	0	0
Chilcotin	5	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	1,470	710	760	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	40	10	30	0	0	0
Gwich'in	15	5	10	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	70	20	45	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	200	90	115	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	10	5	10	0	0	0
South Slavey	155	70	80	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	35	15	25	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	5	0	5	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	5	0	5
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	120	35	85	20	5	15
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	25	5	10	0	0	0
Inuktitut	60	20	45	15	5	10
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	35	10	30	5	5	0
Iroquoian languages	10	10	5	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	5	5	5	0	0	0
Oneida	0	5	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	0	0	0
Kutenai	5	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	80	45	35	0	0	0
Salish languages	15	5	10	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	5	5	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	5	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0	0	0
Siouan languages	3,370	1,630	1,745	0	0	0
Dakota	350	165	185	0	0	0
Stoney	3,020	1,460	1,555	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	5	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	15	5	5	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	10	5	5	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	5	5	5	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	5	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	5	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	55	30	25	10	0	5
Non-Aboriginal languages	847,105	411,850	435,255	20,990	10,685	10,300
Afro-Asiatic languages	68,415	36,215	32,200	3,190	1,805	1,385
Berber languages	340	190	145	40	25	15
Kabyle	165	90	75	20	10	5
Berber languages, n.i.e.	175	100	75	25	15	10
Cushitic languages	12,525	6,495	6,030	30	15	20
Bilen	315	185	130	0	0	0
Oromo	2,650	1,375	1,275	5	5	5
Somali	9,520	4,915	4,605	25	10	15
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	40	20	20	0	0	0
Semitic languages	55,425	29,450	25,980	3,110	1,760	1,355
Amharic	7,320	3,605	3,720	65	35	25
Arabic	40,540	21,840	18,705	2,855	1,615	1,235
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	400	210	190	5	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	145	80	65	0	0	0
Harari	260	135	120	0	0	0
Hebrew	960	505	460	170	90	80
Maltese	75	30	40	0	0	5
Tigrigna	5,415	2,880	2,535	20	15	10
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	305	155	145	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	130	80	50	5	5	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	25,295	11,760	13,535	635	305	330
Khmer (Cambodian)	1,925	910	1,010	10	5	10
Vietnamese	23,350	10,840	12,505	620	305	320
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	25	10	15	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	115,405	50,190	65,210	1,375	510	865
Bikol	425	205	225	5	0	5
Cebuano	5,135	2,155	2,980	105	35	65
Fijian	125	75	50	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	1,500	640	855	15	5	10
Ilocano	5,350	2,310	3,040	50	15	35
Malagasy	35	10	25	15	5	10
Malay	1,460	615	845	45	20	30
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	765	370	390	5	0	5
Pangasinan	290	115	175	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	99,035	43,120	55,920	1,120	420	700
Waray-Waray	305	145	160	5	0	5
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	980	430	550	15	5	10
Creole languages	1,895	990	910	135	70	65
Haitian Creole	95	45	50	15	10	5
Creole, n.o.s.	1,175	640	540	80	30	50
Creole languages, n.i.e.	625	305	325	40	30	10
Dravidian languages	13,490	7,075	6,415	285	155	130
Kannada	535	270	265	20	15	10
Malayalam	6,345	3,285	3,060	40	15	20
Tamil	4,430	2,360	2,070	105	60	50
Telugu	2,130	1,135	995	110	60	45
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	50	25	25	5	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	105	55	45	5	5	0
Indo-European languages	442,685	220,330	222,355	9,325	4,790	4,530
Albanian	2,345	1,270	1,075	50	25	25
Armenian	500	250	245	30	15	10
Balto-Slavic languages	80,330	37,750	42,580	1,740	865	875
Baltic languages	1,010	475	535	55	30	30
Latvian	415	195	220	25	10	10
Lithuanian	600	285	315	35	15	15
Slavic languages	79,325	37,275	42,050	1,685	835	850
Belarusan	65	30	30	5	5	0
Bosnian	1,835	915	920	50	25	25
Bulgarian	1,545	790	755	20	10	10
Croatian	4,655	2,340	2,320	75	35	40
Czech	3,000	1,430	1,575	55	25	25
Macedonian	360	185	175	15	10	5
Polish	20,130	9,425	10,705	230	105	125
Russian	17,810	8,150	9,665	880	440	435
Serbian	4,020	2,035	1,985	105	55	45
Serbo-Croatian	970	480	485	35	15	20
Slovak	2,185	1,070	1,115	25	15	15
Slovene (Slovenian)	695	320	370	15	10	10
Ukrainian	21,835	9,985	11,850	170	85	90
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	215	120	100	0	0	0
Celtic languages	370	200	170	30	5	20
Scottish Gaelic	135	70	65	15	5	10
Welsh	175	85	80	10	0	10
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	65	40	25	0	5	0
Germanic languages	104,260	51,525	52,735	2,875	1,415	1,465
Afrikaans	3,010	1,475	1,535	50	30	25
Danish	2,380	1,245	1,135	125	55	75
Dutch	16,135	8,095	8,045	885	470	410
Frisian	360	200	160	35	25	10
German	80,050	39,435	40,615	1,650	780	865
Icelandic	115	55	60	5	0	0
Norwegian	815	370	445	40	25	20
Swedish	875	405	470	50	15	35
Vlaams (Flemish)	320	150	170	20	10	10
Yiddish	140	70	70	10	5	5
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	55	30	25	5	0	0
Greek	3,130	1,655	1,475	145	100	50
Indo-Iranian languages	166,805	85,250	81,560	1,850	1,020	835
Indo-Aryan languages	145,900	74,320	71,580	1,175	655	525
Bengali	7,000	3,630	3,370	205	120	85
Gujarati	13,140	6,785	6,355	75	40	30
Hindi	17,055	8,675	8,385	225	135	95
Kashmiri	105	60	50	0	0	0
Konkani	370	190	185	10	5	5
Marathi	1,510	775	730	50	20	25
Nepali	5,175	2,690	2,490	180	90	90
Oriya (Odia)	190	100	90	0	0	5
Punjabi (Panjabi)	68,695	34,935	33,760	125	75	50
Sindhi	2,770	1,300	1,475	25	10	10
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	2,590	1,320	1,265	30	15	15
Urdu	27,295	13,865	13,430	240	140	100
Iranian languages	19,600	10,235	9,365	655	355	305
Kurdish	1,550	845	705	55	30	25
Pashto	2,560	1,320	1,235	25	15	10
Persian (Farsi)	15,490	8,070	7,425	580	310	270
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	1,310	695	615	15	10	10
Italic (Romance) languages	84,940	42,425	42,515	2,605	1,355	1,250
Catalan	75	30	45	5	5	0
Italian	11,375	5,760	5,615	400	225	175
Portuguese	9,050	4,380	4,670	260	130	130
Romanian	8,035	4,080	3,955	485	250	240
Spanish	56,370	28,160	28,205	1,460	755	705
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	35	20	15	5	0	0
Japanese	4,875	1,715	3,160	110	25	85
Kartvelian languages	230	130	105	0	0	0
Georgian	230	130	100	0	0	0
Korean	17,920	8,485	9,435	1,550	800	750
Mongolic languages	545	255	290	5	5	0
Mongolian	540	255	290	5	5	5
Niger-Congo languages	15,360	7,870	7,495	700	385	315
Akan (Twi)	1,755	915	835	25	10	10
Bamanankan	35	20	15	60	35	25
Edo	275	155	120	0	0	0
Ewe	245	145	100	5	5	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	230	120	100	40	30	15
Ga	145	80	65	5	5	5
Ganda	280	145	135	10	0	0
Igbo	1,165	625	540	30	20	10
Lingala	270	130	140	25	15	15
Rundi (Kirundi)	605	305	295	45	25	20
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	805	405	400	40	20	20
Shona	1,100	545	555	20	10	10
Swahili	2,380	1,160	1,215	135	65	70
Wolof	280	165	110	25	20	10
Yoruba	2,435	1,305	1,125	30	15	20
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	3,370	1,640	1,735	195	105	85
Nilo-Saharan languages	2,720	1,395	1,330	5	0	0
Dinka	1,345	705	640	5	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	1,375	685	690	5	0	0
Sign languages	830	440	390	145	75	70
American Sign Language	335	165	165	40	20	30
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	495	275	225	95	55	45
Sino-Tibetan languages	122,450	57,740	64,705	3,115	1,570	1,545
Chinese languages	120,375	56,675	63,700	3,085	1,555	1,530
Cantonese	59,145	27,755	31,385	440	225	210
Hakka	990	465	530	20	10	10
Mandarin	50,660	23,940	26,720	2,250	1,105	1,150
Min Dong	115	50	65	0	5	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	3,060	1,375	1,695	35	15	15
Wu (Shanghainese)	630	305	330	100	45	55
Chinese, n.o.s.	5,725	2,770	2,955	240	150	85
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	40	15	25	5	5	5
Tibeto-Burman languages	2,075	1,065	1,005	30	15	15
Burmese	430	230	200	0	0	5
Karenic languages	795	415	380	25	15	10
Tibetan	575	295	275	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	275	130	140	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	2,670	955	1,710	60	15	50
Lao	1,020	485	535	5	0	0
Thai	1,630	465	1,165	55	10	45
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	20	10	15	0	0	0
Turkic languages	4,050	2,250	1,800	105	60	45
Azerbaijani	365	215	155	5	5	5
Turkish	3,140	1,760	1,375	75	50	30
Uyghur	130	70	60	0	0	0
Uzbek	205	115	90	10	5	5
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	215	95	120	10	5	5
Uralic languages	7,470	3,600	3,870	250	115	135
Estonian	190	90	105	20	5	10
Finnish	810	330	480	45	15	30
Hungarian	6,470	3,185	3,285	185	90	95
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	690	415	280	25	10	10
Multiple responses	92,070	44,900	47,175	9,290	4,440	4,855
English and French	10,230	4,950	5,280	7,285	3,470	3,815
English and non-official language	77,520	37,815	39,705	1,535	725	810
French and non-official language	2,685	1,375	1,305	330	175	155
English, French and non-official language	1,640	760	880	145	65	75
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	4,026,655	2,020,510	2,006,145	736,280	360,435	375,845
Single responses	3,837,615	1,928,230	1,909,385	724,940	355,025	369,910
Official languages	3,354,885	1,690,490	1,664,395	712,250	348,510	363,740
English	3,327,255	1,676,360	1,650,895	505,935	247,610	258,325
French	27,630	14,130	13,500	206,315	100,900	105,415
Non-official languages	482,725	237,740	244,990	12,690	6,515	6,175
Aboriginal languages	9,970	4,940	5,020	820	400	420
Algonquian languages	7,175	3,575	3,605	820	395	420
Blackfoot	1,110	555	555	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	5,875	2,925	2,945	0	5	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	20	10	10	0	0	0
Plains Cree	125	60	60	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	5	0	5	0	0	0
Woods Cree	600	300	295	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	5,120	2,540	2,575	0	5	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	5	5	5	815	395	420
Malecite	0	0	0	50	25	25
Mi'kmaq	5	5	0	765	370	395
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	190	95	95	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	185	90	95	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	620	320	300	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	620	325	300	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	10	5	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	540	280	260	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	5	0	5	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	5	5	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	60	35	30	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	55	30	25	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	10	0	10	5	5	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	5	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	10	5	5	5	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	2,125	1,025	1,095	0	0	0
Dakota	175	85	85	0	0	0
Stoney	1,945	935	1,010	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	25	15	10	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	472,760	232,800	239,965	11,870	6,115	5,750
Afro-Asiatic languages	43,770	22,535	21,235	2,285	1,210	1,075
Berber languages	200	105	95	0	0	0
Kabyle	90	45	40	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	105	60	45	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	9,220	4,750	4,470	20	10	10
Bilen	280	160	115	0	0	0
Oromo	2,075	1,060	1,015	0	0	0
Somali	6,850	3,520	3,325	20	5	10
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	0	0	0
Semitic languages	34,310	17,660	16,655	2,265	1,200	1,065
Amharic	4,915	2,390	2,530	20	10	10
Arabic	24,230	12,555	11,675	2,110	1,125	990
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	260	130	130	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	95	50	40	0	0	0
Harari	165	80	85	0	0	0
Hebrew	460	235	225	130	60	70
Maltese	15	10	10	0	0	5
Tigrigna	3,955	2,095	1,860	5	0	5
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	210	110	100	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	45	20	20	5	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	16,355	7,635	8,715	525	255	270
Khmer (Cambodian)	960	460	500	5	5	0
Vietnamese	15,380	7,175	8,205	520	250	270
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	15	0	10	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	60,860	28,765	32,100	510	235	270
Bikol	70	40	35	0	0	0
Cebuano	2,110	1,015	1,090	40	15	25
Fijian	45	25	20	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	470	215	255	0	0	0
Ilocano	1,975	935	1,035	0	0	0
Malagasy	20	10	10	5	0	5
Malay	405	205	195	15	0	5
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	220	110	110	0	0	0
Pangasinan	45	20	30	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	55,105	26,005	29,100	450	215	235
Waray-Waray	125	60	60	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	280	120	155	0	0	5
Creole languages	970	495	475	65	25	35
Haitian Creole	50	25	25	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	655	345	310	20	0	15
Creole languages, n.i.e.	270	125	140	45	20	20
Dravidian languages	8,460	4,335	4,125	110	60	45
Kannada	210	105	105	5	0	0
Malayalam	4,060	2,070	1,990	20	5	10
Tamil	2,915	1,515	1,395	35	20	20
Telugu	1,245	635	615	45	30	15
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	30	10	15	5	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	70	35	35	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	230,270	115,280	114,995	4,160	2,175	1,990
Albanian	1,060	570	485	30	15	10
Armenian	215	115	105	20	5	10
Balto-Slavic languages	30,220	14,820	15,400	975	505	470
Baltic languages	410	210	200	35	20	15
Latvian	165	85	80	10	5	5
Lithuanian	250	125	120	25	15	10
Slavic languages	29,815	14,610	15,205	935	480	455
Belarusan	15	10	5	0	0	0
Bosnian	785	400	385	25	15	10
Bulgarian	825	415	405	5	5	0
Croatian	1,800	905	895	25	10	15
Czech	875	440	430	5	0	5
Macedonian	175	90	85	0	0	0
Polish	7,705	3,675	4,030	55	25	30
Russian	10,145	4,965	5,175	620	320	305
Serbian	2,100	1,045	1,055	80	45	35
Serbo-Croatian	315	160	155	5	5	5
Slovak	710	345	365	5	5	5
Slovene (Slovenian)	150	70	75	0	0	0
Ukrainian	4,180	2,060	2,110	90	50	40
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	55	30	25	0	0	0
Celtic languages	40	25	15	10	0	5
Scottish Gaelic	15	15	5	5	0	5
Welsh	15	5	5	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	40,915	20,280	20,625	640	320	320
Afrikaans	1,705	835	875	35	15	20
Danish	150	75	75	5	5	5
Dutch	1,980	985	1,000	150	80	75
Frisian	60	30	30	5	0	5
German	36,295	18,010	18,290	425	215	210
Icelandic	30	15	15	0	0	0
Norwegian	60	20	35	5	0	5
Swedish	145	65	80	5	0	5
Vlaams (Flemish)	60	30	25	10	5	5
Yiddish	15	5	5	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	425	215	210	0	0	0
Greek	1,015	490	525	45	25	25
Indo-Iranian languages	111,975	56,535	55,445	1,140	595	545
Indo-Aryan languages	98,610	49,790	48,815	655	335	325
Bengali	4,530	2,300	2,225	130	70	60
Gujarati	8,025	4,085	3,935	40	15	20
Hindi	9,945	5,115	4,825	115	60	50
Kashmiri	50	20	25	0	0	0
Konkani	75	40	40	5	5	0
Marathi	845	440	405	20	10	10
Nepali	3,710	1,905	1,805	135	60	75
Oriya (Odia)	95	50	45	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	51,010	25,720	25,295	50	25	25
Sindhi	1,240	575	665	10	5	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	1,480	750	730	5	5	5
Urdu	17,600	8,795	8,810	140	75	70
Iranian languages	12,720	6,415	6,305	470	255	220
Kurdish	850	440	410	35	25	10
Pashto	1,640	845	795	15	5	5
Persian (Farsi)	10,230	5,135	5,100	425	225	195
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	650	325	325	15	10	5
Italic (Romance) languages	44,830	22,445	22,385	1,305	705	600
Catalan	35	10	20	5	5	0
Italian	2,840	1,275	1,560	85	40	45
Portuguese	3,905	1,875	2,030	110	50	60
Romanian	4,135	2,115	2,020	290	145	140
Spanish	33,910	17,160	16,755	820	470	350
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0	0	0
Japanese	2,245	945	1,300	20	10	15
Kartvelian languages	160	85	70	0	0	0
Georgian	160	85	70	0	0	0
Korean	12,775	6,205	6,570	1,245	645	605
Mongolic languages	335	160	175	5	0	0
Mongolian	335	155	175	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	5,600	2,725	2,875	240	125	120
Akan (Twi)	845	415	430	10	5	10
Bamanankan	10	10	0	20	15	5
Edo	70	35	35	0	0	0
Ewe	80	45	35	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	105	55	45	10	10	5
Ga	40	20	20	5	0	0
Ganda	95	50	50	0	0	0
Igbo	265	125	145	5	5	0
Lingala	85	35	45	10	5	5
Rundi (Kirundi)	280	135	145	20	15	10
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	350	175	170	10	5	5
Shona	410	190	225	5	0	5
Swahili	1,090	530	565	80	35	45
Wolof	170	95	75	5	5	0
Yoruba	690	340	350	5	5	5
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	1,015	485	535	50	25	25
Nilo-Saharan languages	1,525	765	755	0	0	0
Dinka	800	420	380	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	725	350	375	0	0	0
Sign languages	1,095	630	465	200	115	85
American Sign Language	325	170	155	55	30	25
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	765	455	310	150	90	60
Sino-Tibetan languages	82,380	39,230	43,155	2,390	1,210	1,175
Chinese languages	80,880	38,455	42,420	2,365	1,195	1,170
Cantonese	38,275	17,810	20,460	260	130	130
Hakka	315	135	185	5	0	0
Mandarin	37,125	18,030	19,095	1,855	930	920
Min Dong	20	5	10	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	1,245	540	705	15	10	5
Wu (Shanghainese)	340	175	165	85	40	45
Chinese, n.o.s.	3,550	1,760	1,785	140	80	55
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	10	0	5
Tibeto-Burman languages	1,500	770	730	25	15	10
Burmese	280	145	130	5	0	0
Karenic languages	665	340	320	20	10	10
Tibetan	420	220	200	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	140	65	75	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	1,130	505	625	10	0	5
Lao	465	215	245	0	0	0
Thai	655	285	370	10	5	5
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	10	5	10	0	0	0
Turkic languages	2,390	1,270	1,120	30	15	10
Azerbaijani	155	90	75	0	0	0
Turkish	1,945	1,030	915	25	15	5
Uyghur	80	45	40	0	0	0
Uzbek	135	70	65	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	70	35	25	0	0	0
Uralic languages	2,130	1,040	1,085	70	35	40
Estonian	25	10	15	5	0	0
Finnish	105	50	50	5	5	5
Hungarian	1,995	980	1,015	55	30	30
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	240	140	95	0	0	0
Multiple responses	189,040	92,280	96,760	11,345	5,415	5,925
English and French	6,885	3,410	3,475	7,275	3,370	3,905
English and non-official language	178,070	86,895	91,170	3,435	1,715	1,720
French and non-official language	1,125	540	580	340	185	160
English, French and non-official language	2,965	1,430	1,530	290	140	145
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	4,026,650	2,020,510	2,006,140	736,280	360,435	375,845
None	3,492,295	1,760,240	1,732,055	647,960	318,560	329,400
English	221,305	110,655	110,650	49,925	24,065	25,855
French	41,840	19,470	22,375	30,030	13,760	16,275
Non-official language	262,255	125,640	136,615	7,545	3,650	3,895
Aboriginal	17,430	8,325	9,105	1,300	625	685
Non-Aboriginal	244,825	117,315	127,510	6,240	3,030	3,210
English and French	1,535	775	760	180	90	90
English and non-official language	4,545	2,345	2,195	300	160	145
French and non-official language	2,795	1,340	1,455	335	155	185
English, French and non-official language	85	50	40	10	5	5
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	3,206,050	1,602,690	1,603,360	620,390	301,645	318,745
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	3,053,470	1,528,275	1,525,190	594,705	289,220	305,485
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	42,717	54,891	33,213	30,961	37,516	25,796
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	3,054,135	1,528,420	1,525,715	594,920	289,245	305,680
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	38,067	47,131	30,478	28,107	33,169	23,945
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	2,839,590	1,458,560	1,381,030	516,780	259,945	256,835
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	42,330	54,528	32,099	28,444	34,830	23,278
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	1,785,065	711,210	1,073,855	439,645	193,975	245,675
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	4,093	3,834	4,185	8,164	9,210	7,321
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	2,473,665	1,301,630	1,172,030	423,915	219,135	204,780
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	42,679	54,361	32,982	29,124	34,784	24,769
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	3,206,045	1,602,810	1,603,235	620,395	301,650	318,745
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	3,054,555	1,528,100	1,526,455	594,650	289,140	305,510
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	62,778	80,001	45,535	39,141	46,154	32,504
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	3,055,230	1,528,240	1,526,995	594,870	289,165	305,700
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	50,683	62,938	38,417	33,022	38,151	28,171
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	2,840,675	1,458,210	1,382,465	516,685	259,855	256,830
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	62,997	80,282	44,766	37,432	44,240	30,543
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	1,784,345	710,105	1,074,240	440,195	194,240	245,955
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,175	7,298	7,093	8,938	9,519	8,480
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	2,473,665	1,299,805	1,173,855	423,915	218,800	205,110
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	59,343	74,073	43,031	37,611	43,456	31,376
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	3,206,050	1,602,810	1,603,240	620,390	301,645	318,745
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	1,152,385	669,770	482,615	197,290	104,215	93,075
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	64,090	73,781	53,836	46,349	52,010	41,058
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	81,586	94,822	63,218	54,011	60,796	46,415
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	93.3	95.8	89.1	83.2	86.2	79.0
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	76.5	78.9	72.3	68.5	71.3	64.7
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	6.7	4.2	10.9	16.8	13.8	21.0
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	3,206,050	1,602,690	1,603,360	620,390	301,650	318,745
Without total income	152,585	74,410	78,170	25,680	12,430	13,260
With total income	3,053,470	1,528,280	1,525,190	594,710	289,220	305,490
Percentage with total income	95.2	95.4	95.1	95.9	95.9	95.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	389,580	146,450	243,130	80,700	32,655	48,050
$10,000 to $19,999	385,235	147,125	238,110	109,015	40,415	68,600
$20,000 to $29,999	364,915	142,810	222,105	99,025	40,480	58,540
$30,000 to $39,999	305,680	131,185	174,490	83,770	41,360	42,405
$40,000 to $49,999	286,615	133,715	152,900	65,795	35,080	30,715
$50,000 to $59,999	247,830	124,720	123,115	44,810	26,560	18,250
$60,000 to $69,999	205,840	114,405	91,430	32,185	20,270	11,920
$70,000 to $79,999	165,640	99,645	65,995	24,565	14,130	10,430
$80,000 to $89,999	132,720	82,700	50,020	17,095	9,915	7,180
$90,000 to $99,999	114,010	70,655	43,350	10,240	6,980	3,260
$100,000 and over	455,410	334,865	120,550	27,515	21,380	6,135
$100,000 to $149,999	274,185	191,710	82,475	19,765	15,195	4,570
$150,000 and over	181,225	143,150	38,075	7,750	6,185	1,565
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	3,206,050	1,602,690	1,603,365	620,390	301,645	318,750
Without after-tax income	151,915	74,270	77,645	25,470	12,405	13,070
With after-tax income	3,054,135	1,528,420	1,525,715	594,920	289,240	305,680
Percentage with after-tax income	95.3	95.4	95.2	95.9	95.9	95.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	399,005	149,280	249,725	83,590	33,140	50,455
$10,000 to $19,999	402,780	154,330	248,450	115,730	43,245	72,485
$20,000 to $29,999	420,955	166,650	254,300	118,940	51,335	67,610
$30,000 to $39,999	377,590	169,665	207,925	98,230	50,770	47,460
$40,000 to $49,999	347,960	172,595	175,365	67,470	38,665	28,810
$50,000 to $59,999	276,970	153,985	122,985	42,775	26,495	16,280
$60,000 to $69,999	208,265	127,045	81,220	28,790	16,435	12,355
$70,000 to $79,999	160,580	100,970	59,610	14,945	10,205	4,740
$80,000 and over	460,030	333,895	126,140	24,450	18,955	5,500
$80,000 to $89,999	121,015	78,400	42,620	8,385	6,340	2,040
$90,000 to $99,999	82,020	57,375	24,645	5,060	3,970	1,090
$100,000 and over	257,000	198,120	58,875	11,005	8,640	2,365
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	3,206,050	1,602,690	1,603,360	620,390	301,645	318,745
Without employment income	732,385	301,060	431,330	196,475	82,515	113,965
With employment income	2,473,665	1,301,630	1,172,035	423,910	219,140	204,775
Percentage with employment income	77.2	81.2	73.1	68.3	72.6	64.2
Under $5,000 (including loss)	273,835	122,830	151,005	54,590	26,540	28,045
$5,000 to $9,999	164,095	68,100	95,990	36,840	15,720	21,120
$10,000 to $19,999	274,105	113,680	160,430	65,895	29,920	35,975
$20,000 to $29,999	235,620	96,855	138,760	59,240	25,955	33,280
$30,000 to $39,999	227,450	100,650	126,805	50,190	24,930	25,260
$40,000 to $49,999	219,155	103,680	115,475	42,140	22,160	19,980
$50,000 to $59,999	195,145	99,285	95,860	29,910	18,180	11,730
$60,000 to $69,999	163,465	92,950	70,515	23,390	14,620	8,770
$70,000 to $79,999	135,150	83,240	51,910	19,515	10,565	8,950
$80,000 and over	585,640	420,365	165,280	42,210	30,540	11,665
$80,000 to $89,999	111,045	71,210	39,835	13,190	7,840	5,345
$90,000 to $99,999	99,785	62,305	37,480	8,105	5,685	2,420
$100,000 and over	374,815	286,855	87,960	20,915	17,015	3,895
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	1,527,680	...	...	319,770	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	93,835	...	...	59,347	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	80,300	...	...	52,553	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	366,080	...	...	89,480	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	47,948	...	...	28,747	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	41,502	...	...	26,387	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	1,161,600	...	...	230,290	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	111,435	...	...	74,207	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	94,830	...	...	65,063	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	1,527,675	...	...	319,775	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	125,522	...	...	72,786	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	101,361	...	...	61,431	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	365,000	...	...	89,455	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	64,341	...	...	36,505	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	52,116	...	...	31,242	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	1,162,675	...	...	230,320	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	144,729	...	...	86,878	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	116,821	...	...	73,156	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	1,527,680	...	...	319,775	...	...
Under $5,000	21,660	...	...	3,940	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	13,555	...	...	7,800	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	18,070	...	...	6,835	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	33,045	...	...	17,765	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	51,505	...	...	16,400	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	38,615	...	...	16,335	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	42,580	...	...	17,830	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	46,630	...	...	16,875	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	46,520	...	...	15,365	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	46,825	...	...	14,845	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	95,425	...	...	27,735	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	95,340	...	...	25,205	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	92,345	...	...	22,750	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	88,775	...	...	19,415	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	84,570	...	...	16,030	...	...
$100,000 and over	712,215	...	...	74,655	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	184,595	...	...	29,535	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	142,910	...	...	18,605	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	181,960	...	...	17,050	...	...
$200,000 and over	202,745	...	...	9,460	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	1,527,680	...	...	319,770	...	...
Under $5,000	23,395	...	...	4,090	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	13,860	...	...	7,880	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	18,600	...	...	6,980	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	34,540	...	...	18,630	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	55,010	...	...	18,705	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	44,170	...	...	18,580	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	50,280	...	...	20,540	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	55,645	...	...	19,550	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	57,695	...	...	18,165	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	59,195	...	...	17,920	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	119,200	...	...	32,930	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	116,250	...	...	29,175	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	112,675	...	...	23,970	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	106,235	...	...	19,330	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	95,600	...	...	15,105	...	...
$100,000 and over	565,335	...	...	48,225	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	192,795	...	...	25,135	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	132,240	...	...	11,980	...	...
$150,000 and over	240,305	...	...	11,110	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	1,099,900	...	...	221,680	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	109,997	...	...	74,353	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	93,588	...	...	65,100	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.1	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	407,300	...	...	99,865	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	101,283	...	...	67,988	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	86,043	...	...	59,801	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	511,375	...	...	82,260	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	133,186	...	...	100,315	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	111,951	...	...	85,717	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	4.1	...	...	3.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	146,045	...	...	33,580	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	62,909	...	...	42,992	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	57,079	...	...	40,671	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	1,101,485	...	...	221,740	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	144,493	...	...	87,048	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	116,343	...	...	73,197	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	408,625	...	...	99,840	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	137,805	...	...	79,085	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	110,236	...	...	66,576	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	512,615	...	...	82,415	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	169,354	...	...	111,901	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	135,623	...	...	92,699	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	145,115	...	...	33,455	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	80,406	...	...	51,119	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	68,470	...	...	45,687	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	577,475	308,835	268,640	114,825	54,970	59,850
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	42,598	47,903	37,344	27,250	30,122	25,182
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	37,648	41,340	33,785	25,167	27,154	23,916
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	573,385	306,195	267,190	114,375	54,300	60,075
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	56,856	63,468	49,280	34,738	37,330	32,395
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	46,559	50,990	41,481	29,845	31,431	28,411
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	3,978,150	1,998,500	1,979,650	730,710	357,860	372,850
In the bottom half of the distribution	1,527,695	739,210	788,485	428,180	204,170	224,005
In the bottom decile	293,490	143,880	149,605	80,120	37,430	42,695
In the second decile	278,635	128,055	150,575	94,165	42,190	51,980
In the third decile	297,695	142,090	155,605	87,075	41,905	45,170
In the fourth decile	315,570	154,815	160,760	85,610	42,275	43,335
In the fifth decile	342,305	170,375	171,935	81,200	40,375	40,825
In the top half of the distribution	2,450,450	1,259,285	1,191,160	302,530	153,685	148,845
In the sixth decile	366,250	183,860	182,390	77,345	38,915	38,425
In the seventh decile	397,275	201,465	195,810	73,185	37,190	36,005
In the eighth decile	443,585	227,385	216,200	65,090	32,815	32,275
In the ninth decile	522,545	268,995	253,555	52,050	26,635	25,410
In the top decile	720,795	377,585	343,215	34,860	18,130	16,730
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	3,925,220	1,971,735	1,953,485	722,550	353,870	368,680
0 to 17 years	893,255	458,330	434,925	131,930	67,285	64,645
0 to 5 years	310,080	158,825	151,260	40,900	20,805	20,100
18 to 64 years	2,580,730	1,298,440	1,282,295	452,805	221,675	231,130
65 years and over	451,235	214,965	236,265	137,820	64,915	72,905
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	363,890	171,945	191,940	123,820	55,990	67,825
0 to 17 years	114,215	58,665	55,555	29,250	14,930	14,320
0 to 5 years	41,755	21,350	20,400	10,285	5,260	5,030
18 to 64 years	210,870	98,415	112,455	66,745	29,975	36,770
65 years and over	38,800	14,875	23,925	27,830	11,090	16,745
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	9.3	8.7	9.8	17.1	15.8	18.4
0 to 17 years (%)	12.8	12.8	12.8	22.2	22.2	22.2
0 to 5 years (%)	13.5	13.4	13.5	25.1	25.3	25.0
18 to 64 years (%)	8.2	7.6	8.8	14.7	13.5	15.9
65 years and over (%)	8.6	6.9	10.1	20.2	17.1	23.0
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	273,515	134,180	139,335	49,830	24,165	25,660
0 to 17 years	76,930	39,385	37,550	11,520	5,890	5,630
0 to 5 years	28,190	14,420	13,770	4,200	2,145	2,055
18 to 64 years	181,805	88,715	93,095	35,680	17,255	18,425
65 years and over	14,780	6,085	8,695	2,630	1,025	1,605
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	7.0	6.8	7.1	6.9	6.8	7.0
0 to 17 years (%)	8.6	8.6	8.6	8.7	8.8	8.7
0 to 5 years (%)	9.1	9.1	9.1	10.3	10.3	10.2
18 to 64 years (%)	7.0	6.8	7.3	7.9	7.8	8.0
65 years and over (%)	3.3	2.8	3.7	1.9	1.6	2.2
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	3,978,145	1,998,500	1,979,645	730,710	357,855	372,850
Official languages	3,920,530	1,974,435	1,946,095	728,310	356,615	371,690
English	3,916,805	1,972,800	1,944,005	666,315	326,905	339,415
French	264,600	123,940	140,660	310,550	147,845	162,705
Non-official languages	1,082,425	527,770	554,655	34,880	17,355	17,525
Aboriginal languages	36,465	17,415	19,045	3,065	1,470	1,595
Algonquian languages	29,675	14,120	15,555	2,990	1,455	1,540
Blackfoot	5,575	2,665	2,905	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	23,465	11,155	12,310	10	0	10
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	25	0	15	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	90	20	70	0	0	0
Plains Cree	1,580	620	965	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	10	10	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	45	25	25	0	0	10
Woods Cree	1,135	525	610	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	20,665	9,990	10,675	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	35	15	15	2,965	1,435	1,530
Malecite	0	0	0	720	335	385
Mi'kmaq	35	15	15	2,265	1,115	1,150
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	955	425	530	15	15	0
Algonquin	10	10	0	0	10	0
Ojibway	925	415	505	10	10	0
Oji-Cree	20	10	15	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	10	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	2,640	1,255	1,385	10	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	2,630	1,250	1,380	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	10	0	0	0	0
Beaver	85	50	35	0	0	0
Carrier	45	10	35	0	0	0
Chilcotin	20	15	10	0	0	0
Dene	2,010	975	1,035	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	75	30	45	0	0	0
Gwich'in	10	0	10	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	150	65	85	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	285	140	145	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	25	15	10	0	0	0
South Slavey	190	90	100	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	75	35	45	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	10	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	10	0	10	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0	0	0
Haida	10	0	10	0	0	0
Inuit languages	135	50	80	55	10	45
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	35	10	25	0	0	0
Inuktitut	60	20	35	45	10	40
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	40	25	20	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	40	25	10	10	0	10
Cayuga	0	10	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	35	25	0	10	0	10
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	10	10	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	145	75	70	10	10	0
Salish languages	50	25	25	0	10	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	10	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	15	10	10	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	10	0	10	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	10	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	10	0	10	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	4,050	2,005	2,045	0	0	0
Dakota	530	285	245	0	0	0
Stoney	3,650	1,790	1,855	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0	0	0
Tlingit	10	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	35	15	15	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	20	10	10	0	0	0
Nisga'a	15	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	10	10	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	10	10	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	30	15	15	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	1,046,245	510,495	535,750	31,865	15,915	15,955
Afro-Asiatic languages	96,210	50,675	45,535	4,355	2,385	1,980
Berber languages	540	335	205	80	40	35
Kabyle	225	125	90	40	20	15
Berber languages, n.i.e.	315	210	110	40	25	20
Cushitic languages	15,445	8,055	7,385	15	10	0
Bilen	370	235	135	0	0	0
Oromo	3,125	1,625	1,500	0	0	0
Somali	12,030	6,240	5,795	10	10	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	55	20	40	0	0	0
Semitic languages	82,200	43,405	38,800	4,300	2,340	1,960
Amharic	10,870	5,595	5,275	165	100	65
Arabic	62,730	33,365	29,370	3,685	2,030	1,660
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	430	225	210	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	150	70	75	0	0	0
Harari	340	150	185	0	0	0
Hebrew	3,250	1,650	1,600	435	205	230
Maltese	145	85	55	0	10	0
Tigrigna	7,315	3,915	3,400	50	25	25
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	450	250	205	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	375	225	145	15	15	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	32,730	15,440	17,290	835	430	400
Khmer (Cambodian)	2,700	1,375	1,330	10	0	0
Vietnamese	30,150	14,130	16,015	820	435	390
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	10	0	0
Austronesian languages	145,745	63,615	82,130	1,790	695	1,090
Bikol	330	150	180	10	0	10
Cebuano	6,690	2,940	3,750	185	70	115
Fijian	340	195	145	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	1,760	745	1,020	35	10	30
Ilocano	7,370	3,160	4,215	50	10	45
Malagasy	80	40	40	25	10	15
Malay	3,040	1,435	1,610	75	20	55
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	1,185	565	625	0	0	0
Pangasinan	445	190	250	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	138,440	60,115	78,325	1,595	625	970
Waray-Waray	420	170	245	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	1,160	505	650	20	15	0
Creole languages	4,585	2,390	2,195	430	195	235
Haitian Creole	255	140	115	50	20	30
Creole, n.o.s.	2,675	1,425	1,250	240	105	135
Creole languages, n.i.e.	1,680	840	850	140	75	65
Dravidian languages	18,190	9,660	8,525	435	245	195
Kannada	1,035	520	515	60	30	25
Malayalam	8,150	4,255	3,900	55	35	25
Tamil	7,195	3,900	3,295	190	115	75
Telugu	2,910	1,560	1,345	175	90	85
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	150	80	70	20	10	10
Hmong-Mien languages	115	55	55	10	10	0
Indo-European languages	550,490	274,510	275,980	16,505	8,155	8,350
Albanian	2,880	1,550	1,325	80	45	35
Armenian	530	255	275	60	35	25
Balto-Slavic languages	93,150	44,750	48,395	2,065	1,100	965
Baltic languages	1,360	660	705	55	40	20
Latvian	590	300	290	20	10	10
Lithuanian	775	360	415	30	20	10
Slavic languages	92,300	44,340	47,960	2,025	1,070	955
Belarusan	200	95	105	10	0	0
Bosnian	2,880	1,450	1,435	75	40	40
Bulgarian	1,795	945	850	45	15	35
Croatian	6,280	3,260	3,025	95	45	55
Czech	3,590	1,650	1,940	115	65	45
Macedonian	535	270	265	35	25	10
Polish	23,650	11,455	12,195	320	165	160
Russian	27,375	13,195	14,175	1,200	630	570
Serbian	5,355	2,630	2,730	90	70	20
Serbo-Croatian	1,095	550	540	40	30	10
Slovak	2,780	1,495	1,285	45	15	30
Slovene (Slovenian)	735	360	375	15	10	0
Ukrainian	26,600	11,980	14,620	310	145	165
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	250	120	130	10	10	10
Celtic languages	1,180	615	560	140	40	100
Scottish Gaelic	440	215	225	95	20	75
Welsh	315	180	130	10	0	10
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	450	220	225	40	20	20
Germanic languages	112,670	56,325	56,345	4,745	2,360	2,380
Afrikaans	5,165	2,655	2,515	130	70	60
Danish	2,800	1,360	1,440	155	60	95
Dutch	19,480	9,595	9,890	1,185	560	625
Frisian	475	275	205	50	40	15
German	83,010	41,905	41,105	3,260	1,675	1,580
Icelandic	160	70	95	10	10	0
Norwegian	1,450	635	810	130	65	65
Swedish	1,635	800	835	110	45	60
Vlaams (Flemish)	380	170	215	40	20	25
Yiddish	250	130	115	20	20	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	2,115	1,095	1,015	0	0	0
Greek	4,935	2,535	2,400	220	125	95
Indo-Iranian languages	206,725	106,045	100,675	2,325	1,275	1,050
Indo-Aryan languages	186,005	95,045	90,960	1,570	875	695
Bengali	8,530	4,385	4,140	225	150	80
Gujarati	18,005	8,945	9,055	110	45	65
Hindi	61,290	31,900	29,385	790	430	355
Kashmiri	125	80	45	0	0	0
Konkani	625	300	320	0	0	0
Marathi	2,575	1,385	1,195	55	20	30
Nepali	5,510	3,000	2,510	185	90	95
Oriya (Odia)	255	135	120	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	90,485	46,350	44,135	205	130	75
Sindhi	4,595	2,065	2,530	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	3,800	1,925	1,875	35	10	20
Urdu	41,235	21,245	20,000	355	215	140
Iranian languages	22,140	11,665	10,475	805	430	375
Kurdish	1,930	1,100	825	130	65	60
Pashto	3,330	1,795	1,530	60	45	20
Persian (Farsi)	17,600	9,220	8,375	620	330	285
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	1,760	960	805	10	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	142,340	69,885	72,450	7,600	3,540	4,055
Catalan	170	95	80	15	10	0
Italian	19,900	9,875	10,020	825	405	420
Portuguese	12,670	6,255	6,415	450	250	200
Romanian	9,915	5,185	4,735	555	290	265
Spanish	104,445	50,960	53,490	6,065	2,775	3,290
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	250	130	125	10	0	10
Japanese	9,215	4,115	5,100	430	190	240
Kartvelian languages	225	130	100	0	0	0
Georgian	230	130	100	0	0	0
Korean	19,950	9,405	10,545	1,695	860	835
Mongolic languages	800	375	430	10	10	10
Mongolian	800	370	430	15	10	10
Niger-Congo languages	29,430	14,980	14,450	1,525	890	640
Akan (Twi)	2,925	1,505	1,420	35	15	25
Bamanankan	60	30	30	155	70	85
Edo	620	325	290	0	0	0
Ewe	335	170	165	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	300	165	135	100	85	15
Ga	345	190	155	10	10	0
Ganda	610	305	305	10	10	0
Igbo	2,550	1,345	1,210	60	50	15
Lingala	1,240	640	605	125	95	35
Rundi (Kirundi)	830	420	410	90	55	35
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	1,155	605	550	70	40	30
Shona	1,810	850	960	40	15	25
Swahili	6,700	3,470	3,235	355	185	170
Wolof	600	365	235	70	45	25
Yoruba	5,930	3,035	2,890	60	45	20
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	6,585	3,265	3,320	545	315	230
Nilo-Saharan languages	3,070	1,495	1,575	10	0	0
Dinka	1,655	825	825	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	1,425	675	750	0	0	0
Sign languages	5,910	2,350	3,555	1,155	450	705
American Sign Language	3,085	1,130	1,955	425	150	280
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	10	15	10	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	2,855	1,230	1,625	745	305	435
Sino-Tibetan languages	141,860	67,945	73,915	3,585	1,885	1,700
Chinese languages	139,385	66,700	72,685	3,510	1,855	1,660
Cantonese	74,770	35,490	39,280	610	285	320
Hakka	1,180	515	660	0	0	0
Mandarin	70,510	33,310	37,195	2,760	1,455	1,310
Min Dong	85	50	40	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	4,140	1,765	2,380	60	30	30
Wu (Shanghainese)	855	380	470	140	65	75
Chinese, n.o.s.	6,335	3,160	3,175	310	195	115
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	55	25	35	40	10	30
Tibeto-Burman languages	2,590	1,290	1,300	70	30	40
Burmese	605	305	295	0	0	0
Karenic languages	805	415	390	65	25	45
Tibetan	860	430	430	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	445	215	235	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	3,705	1,510	2,195	85	20	65
Lao	1,520	730	795	10	0	10
Thai	2,400	850	1,545	80	20	60
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	45	25	25	0	0	0
Turkic languages	5,795	3,180	2,625	175	105	75
Azerbaijani	630	325	300	0	0	0
Turkish	4,255	2,420	1,835	165	105	60
Uyghur	290	135	155	0	0	0
Uzbek	425	200	225	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	355	170	180	10	0	10
Uralic languages	8,895	4,315	4,575	270	130	140
Estonian	185	85	105	20	15	0
Finnish	1,045	455	590	35	15	20
Hungarian	7,660	3,770	3,890	220	105	115
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	1,820	1,025	790	100	70	30
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	3,978,145	1,998,495	1,979,645	730,710	357,855	372,855
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	3,622,740	1,825,135	1,797,600	710,775	347,905	362,875
Canadian citizens aged under 18	854,815	439,065	415,755	130,785	66,795	63,990
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	2,767,920	1,386,070	1,381,850	579,995	281,110	298,880
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	355,410	173,365	182,045	19,925	9,950	9,980
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	3,978,145	1,998,495	1,979,650	730,710	357,855	372,850
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	3,062,775	1,550,445	1,512,335	692,535	339,090	353,445
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	845,220	412,320	432,895	33,810	16,175	17,640
Before 1981	163,460	81,620	81,840	11,545	5,265	6,275
1981 to 1990	86,350	41,690	44,660	2,735	1,340	1,390
1991 to 2000	131,560	62,930	68,630	2,975	1,490	1,490
2001 to 2010	256,055	125,235	130,820	7,235	3,530	3,710
2001 to 2005	109,145	53,425	55,720	2,435	1,110	1,330
2006 to 2010	146,910	71,810	75,100	4,800	2,415	2,385
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	207,790	100,845	106,945	9,330	4,560	4,770
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	70,155	35,735	34,420	4,360	2,590	1,770
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	845,220	412,320	432,895	33,815	16,175	17,635
Under 5 years	82,175	42,200	39,975	5,135	2,350	2,790
5 to 14 years	149,815	77,820	71,995	7,290	3,585	3,705
15 to 24 years	168,965	78,215	90,755	5,790	2,525	3,265
25 to 44 years	372,805	180,265	192,535	12,640	6,100	6,535
45 years and over	71,450	33,820	37,630	2,955	1,615	1,340
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	845,215	412,325	432,895	33,815	16,175	17,635
Americas	103,540	49,345	54,190	9,420	4,205	5,210
Brazil	2,545	1,100	1,440	55	20	30
Colombia	9,535	4,570	4,960	215	85	130
El Salvador	7,255	3,725	3,530	115	85	30
Guyana	2,555	1,200	1,355	80	40	45
Haiti	1,270	675	600	170	70	100
Jamaica	6,845	3,170	3,680	120	85	40
Mexico	15,665	7,860	7,805	160	50	110
Peru	1,920	780	1,140	60	35	25
Trinidad and Tobago	3,415	1,670	1,750	115	70	40
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	30,460	13,675	16,785	7,620	3,315	4,305
Other places of birth in Americas	22,075	10,925	11,150	715	355	360
Europe	189,770	95,355	94,415	10,985	5,335	5,650
Bosnia and Herzegovina	4,555	2,325	2,230	100	55	50
Croatia	3,080	1,615	1,465	60	35	25
France	2,535	1,215	1,320	760	425	340
Germany	19,205	9,485	9,715	1,615	740	880
Greece	2,005	1,115	890	95	60	40
Hungary	3,665	1,880	1,785	100	35	65
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	3,935	2,100	1,835	160	75	85
Italy	8,110	4,370	3,745	210	125	85
Netherlands	14,035	7,420	6,610	975	505	465
Poland	16,925	8,045	8,880	195	90	100
Portugal	4,050	1,985	2,070	130	85	45
Romania	7,725	3,930	3,795	485	245	240
Russian Federation	7,260	3,135	4,125	245	115	135
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	2,255	1,080	1,170	30	25	10
Ukraine	8,150	3,700	4,455	250	120	130
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	59,215	30,280	28,935	4,600	2,160	2,445
Other places of birth in Europe	23,060	11,670	11,390	970	455	515
Africa	89,740	46,705	43,030	2,565	1,420	1,140
Algeria	1,340	715	625	165	90	75
Egypt	5,320	2,940	2,375	120	75	45
Ethiopia	10,570	5,355	5,215	120	65	60
Kenya	5,120	2,555	2,565	60	30	30
Morocco	1,695	1,005	695	200	120	75
Nigeria	12,405	6,520	5,880	115	65	50
Somalia	7,060	3,665	3,395	15	10	10
South Africa, Republic of	7,355	3,670	3,685	165	85	80
Other places of birth in Africa	38,865	20,275	18,590	1,615	885	725
Asia	452,225	215,955	236,265	10,625	5,105	5,520
Afghanistan	5,190	2,765	2,430	20	10	0
Bangladesh	5,085	2,590	2,500	100	55	50
China^{Census data footnote 59}	57,690	26,510	31,185	2,210	1,040	1,175
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	19,110	9,265	9,850	120	60	55
India	91,660	46,625	45,035	820	435	380
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	8,910	4,655	4,250	490	260	230
Iraq	5,935	3,205	2,730	70	25	45
Japan	3,065	905	2,160	90	15	75
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	13,850	6,530	7,320	1,495	775	720
Lebanon	10,395	5,640	4,750	390	225	165
Pakistan	28,075	14,630	13,445	225	130	95
Philippines	123,830	54,075	69,755	1,340	475	870
Sri Lanka	4,835	2,475	2,365	40	15	30
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	4,800	2,515	2,280	1,225	605	620
Taiwan	3,455	1,460	2,000	80	25	55
Viet Nam	27,080	12,645	14,435	720	355	365
Other places of birth in Asia	39,250	19,485	19,765	1,195	600	595
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	9,940	4,950	4,990	220	110	110
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	207,790	100,845	106,945	9,325	4,555	4,775
Americas	20,060	9,660	10,400	900	430	475
Brazil	860	370	490	20	10	10
Colombia	2,295	1,020	1,275	40	20	15
Cuba	465	215	255	10	10	10
Haiti	385	240	150	45	15	30
Jamaica	1,660	765	895	40	25	10
Mexico	4,405	2,250	2,150	25	10	20
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	4,645	2,130	2,515	585	285	300
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	1,570	745	820	25	10	20
Other places of birth in Americas	3,785	1,930	1,855	110	45	70
Europe	20,870	10,830	10,045	1,405	695	710
France	425	240	180	300	165	130
Germany	1,370	710	655	85	45	45
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	1,355	835	520	30	15	15
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	715	365	350	25	10	20
Romania	1,100	545	555	245	130	120
Russian Federation	1,235	430	805	90	35	55
Ukraine	2,340	1,060	1,280	100	50	50
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	6,225	3,570	2,650	240	145	100
Other places of birth in Europe	6,100	3,065	3,040	280	105	180
Africa	27,770	14,165	13,610	975	550	425
Algeria	255	115	135	15	20	0
Cameroon	1,055	515	545	45	35	10
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	805	365	440	155	75	80
Côte d'Ivoire	420	210	210	10	0	0
Egypt	1,940	1,045	895	40	20	20
Eritrea	2,390	1,335	1,055	35	15	25
Ethiopia	3,445	1,670	1,780	45	20	25
Morocco	515	265	250	40	30	10
Nigeria	6,110	3,200	2,910	40	15	25
Somalia	2,120	1,110	1,010	10	0	10
South Africa, Republic of	1,590	800	785	35	20	15
Tunisia	255	135	125	50	30	20
Other places of birth in Africa	6,870	3,400	3,470	455	265	185
Asia	137,110	65,055	72,050	6,015	2,865	3,150
Afghanistan	810	435	375	0	0	0
Bangladesh	1,355	635	715	25	10	15
China^{Census data footnote 59}	10,525	4,700	5,825	1,390	690	700
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	750	305	450	10	10	0
India	28,820	14,915	13,900	265	140	125
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	3,265	1,665	1,600	255	130	125
Iraq	2,010	1,045	960	45	20	25
Israel	480	250	230	200	90	110
Japan	665	195	475	15	0	15
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	3,840	1,710	2,125	600	290	310
Lebanon	1,470	755	710	130	75	55
Nepal	2,615	1,380	1,240	45	15	35
Pakistan	6,910	3,420	3,490	70	40	30
Philippines	59,390	26,960	32,435	925	345	580
Saudi Arabia	820	435	385	45	40	10
Sri Lanka	1,345	650	695	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	3,340	1,705	1,630	1,145	550	595
Taiwan	505	165	340	10	0	0
Turkey	390	215	180	45	40	10
United Arab Emirates	810	430	375	30	20	10
Viet Nam	2,040	795	1,240	500	250	255
Other places of birth in Asia	4,965	2,285	2,680	265	100	160
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	1,980	1,135	845	40	25	15
Australia	1,065	600	465	20	10	10
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	915	535	375	20	10	10
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	3,978,145	1,998,500	1,979,650	730,710	357,855	372,850
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	938,500	460,015	478,480	41,395	20,445	20,955
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	742,455	374,065	368,390	43,370	21,150	22,220
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	2,297,195	1,164,420	1,132,775	645,945	316,270	329,675
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	694,945	337,380	357,565	22,665	11,085	11,575
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	387,275	195,845	191,430	13,205	6,735	6,470
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	154,700	96,855	57,850	5,115	3,595	1,520
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	232,570	98,990	133,575	8,090	3,140	4,950
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	198,575	81,650	116,920	6,100	2,625	3,475
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	103,785	57,130	46,650	3,240	1,675	1,570
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	5,320	2,745	2,570	110	55	60
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	3,978,145	1,998,495	1,979,650	730,710	357,860	372,855
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	258,640	125,445	133,195	29,385	14,690	14,695
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	253,460	123,115	130,340	28,160	14,120	14,040
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	136,585	65,755	70,835	17,575	8,555	9,015
Métis	114,370	56,170	58,200	10,200	5,370	4,835
Inuk (Inuit)	2,500	1,195	1,305	385	190	190
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	2,905	1,350	1,555	470	210	260
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	2,280	975	1,300	750	360	390
Non-Aboriginal identity	3,719,505	1,873,055	1,846,450	701,325	343,170	358,155
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	3,978,145	1,998,500	1,979,645	730,705	357,855	372,850
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	123,235	59,065	64,170	14,305	7,085	7,225
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	3,854,915	1,939,430	1,915,475	716,405	350,775	365,625
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	3,978,145	1,998,500	1,979,645	730,710	357,860	372,850
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	103,600	50,680	52,915	12,785	6,335	6,450
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	99,940	48,860	51,070	12,495	6,175	6,320
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	81,685	39,815	41,870	10,635	5,200	5,435
Métis single ancestry	17,515	8,690	8,820	1,695	900	800
Inuit single ancestry	735	355	380	165	75	85
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	3,665	1,820	1,845	290	165	130
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	3,490	1,725	1,765	235	125	110
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	105	55	50	25	15	15
Métis and Inuit ancestries	50	35	15	20	20	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	20	0	15	10	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	200,215	97,055	103,160	33,795	16,295	17,500
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	189,830	92,295	97,530	32,505	15,690	16,815
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	104,875	50,595	54,280	24,255	11,640	12,615
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	82,585	40,530	42,060	7,765	3,810	3,955
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	2,365	1,170	1,195	480	240	245
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	10,385	4,760	5,625	1,295	600	690
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	9,760	4,465	5,295	1,165	540	630
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	310	155	155	60	30	30
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	270	110	160	40	20	25
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	40	25	20	25	15	10
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	3,674,330	1,850,760	1,823,570	684,125	335,230	348,895
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	3,978,145	1,998,495	1,979,645	730,710	357,855	372,850
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	933,165	461,460	471,705	24,535	12,470	12,070
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	230,930	118,535	112,390	2,535	1,385	1,150
Chinese	158,200	77,035	81,165	3,925	1,970	1,955
Black	129,390	66,960	62,440	7,000	3,540	3,460
Filipino	166,195	74,770	91,425	1,980	835	1,145
Latin American	55,090	27,560	27,525	1,285	650	635
Arab	56,700	30,245	26,450	2,960	1,650	1,310
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	43,985	21,025	22,960	1,230	600	630
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	20,980	11,010	9,965	730	415	320
Korean	21,275	10,130	11,145	1,685	885	800
Japanese	12,165	5,495	6,670	230	70	160
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	9,900	4,700	5,205	305	135	175
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	28,360	13,985	14,375	675	345	330
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	3,044,980	1,537,040	1,507,940	706,170	345,385	360,785
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	3,978,150	1,998,500	1,979,645	730,705	357,860	372,850
North American Aboriginal origins	303,815	147,735	156,075	46,585	22,625	23,955
First Nations (North American Indian)	200,290	96,845	103,445	36,405	17,570	18,840
Inuit	3,900	1,915	1,985	830	420	410
Métis	113,735	55,590	58,150	10,960	5,435	5,530
Other North American origins	955,040	486,735	468,305	428,865	209,615	219,250
Acadian	5,545	2,970	2,570	29,505	14,455	15,060
American	72,355	35,480	36,875	7,175	3,575	3,605
Canadian	902,315	460,335	441,975	407,370	199,020	208,350
New Brunswicker	50	35	15	240	135	105
Newfoundlander	1,985	1,135	850	445	190	250
Nova Scotian	190	115	70	65	40	25
Ontarian	110	65	45	0	0	10
Québécois	1,380	750	630	770	410	365
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	415	210	205	20	20	0
European origins	2,580,720	1,292,280	1,288,440	424,850	206,715	218,135
British Isles origins	1,581,265	787,205	794,060	314,655	151,970	162,690
Channel Islander	225	115	115	125	45	85
Cornish	210	90	115	45	25	20
English	899,440	444,010	455,440	168,205	80,795	87,415
Irish	596,750	288,710	308,040	147,245	69,515	77,730
Manx	945	450	495	45	40	10
Scottish	704,205	347,740	356,460	134,455	64,400	70,055
Welsh	80,455	38,715	41,740	10,110	4,825	5,290
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	90,865	44,055	46,815	10,640	4,885	5,755
French origins	411,560	201,160	210,395	163,270	79,105	84,165
Alsatian	200	120	80	15	10	0
Breton	60	25	35	55	30	30
Corsican	125	65	70	0	0	0
French	411,315	201,030	210,290	163,245	79,090	84,155
Western European origins (except French origins)	915,185	455,115	460,065	49,825	24,100	25,725
Austrian	39,530	19,225	20,305	1,000	530	475
Bavarian	110	60	55	0	0	0
Belgian	21,210	10,320	10,890	1,470	650	815
Dutch	195,720	97,735	97,990	15,230	7,290	7,945
Flemish	2,005	870	1,140	100	65	40
Frisian	685	380	305	40	25	15
German	712,955	353,755	359,195	34,205	16,575	17,630
Luxembourger	680	355	320	0	10	0
Swiss	24,310	11,905	12,410	1,145	545	595
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	830	390	440	35	20	15
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	329,990	159,695	170,295	10,400	5,080	5,320
Danish	60,380	29,240	31,135	3,960	1,885	2,075
Finnish	17,755	8,780	8,975	465	235	225
Icelandic	20,225	10,050	10,175	250	135	115
Norwegian	156,595	75,160	81,430	3,330	1,650	1,680
Swedish	97,840	46,445	51,385	2,010	1,010	1,005
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	13,515	7,005	6,505	820	410	410
Eastern European origins	685,270	336,430	348,845	11,590	5,600	5,995
Bulgarian	2,935	1,510	1,425	155	60	100
Byelorussian	2,200	1,165	1,035	85	45	40
Czech	20,865	10,405	10,460	435	215	225
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	10,055	4,800	5,255	175	80	100
Estonian	2,715	1,240	1,470	100	35	60
Hungarian	56,270	27,385	28,885	1,280	615	665
Latvian	3,245	1,585	1,660	185	105	80
Lithuanian	6,090	2,915	3,175	325	165	160
Moldovan	1,585	790	790	35	20	15
Polish	186,510	91,115	95,395	3,445	1,670	1,780
Romanian	34,230	16,520	17,710	945	485	460
Russian	107,800	51,840	55,960	2,260	1,015	1,245
Slovak	11,010	5,495	5,515	250	130	125
Ukrainian	369,090	181,600	187,490	3,535	1,750	1,785
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	1,910	1,015	895	70	25	45
Southern European origins	215,725	107,495	108,230	13,450	6,560	6,890
Albanian	2,935	1,555	1,385	120	65	55
Bosnian	3,870	1,985	1,890	120	65	55
Catalan	85	55	25	10	10	0
Croatian	14,220	7,535	6,690	310	120	190
Cypriot	160	90	70	30	20	10
Greek	15,025	7,790	7,235	950	485	465
Italian	101,265	50,975	50,285	7,460	3,615	3,845
Kosovar	420	210	210	0	0	0
Macedonian	1,015	485	535	80	35	45
Maltese	1,560	845	715	115	45	65
Montenegrin	290	185	105	20	20	0
Portuguese	22,385	11,395	10,985	1,785	840	945
Serbian	7,755	3,875	3,875	130	90	35
Sicilian	330	160	170	15	10	0
Slovenian	3,885	2,010	1,875	130	60	60
Spanish	48,055	22,225	25,835	2,555	1,220	1,330
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	5,120	2,495	2,625	120	55	65
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	245	120	125	20	10	10
Other European origins	22,805	11,700	11,105	1,805	960	840
Basque	425	210	215	90	50	40
Jewish	9,780	4,890	4,885	785	410	375
Roma (Gypsy)	465	220	245	30	20	15
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	995	505	490	30	10	15
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	11,255	5,940	5,310	875	480	395
Caribbean origins	36,120	18,050	18,070	2,275	1,045	1,230
Antiguan	455	265	190	0	0	0
Bahamian	310	180	130	35	15	15
Barbadian	2,065	980	1,080	100	60	40
Bermudan	210	120	90	130	40	90
Carib	135	45	85	10	0	0
Cuban	2,175	1,110	1,060	235	135	100
Dominican	930	530	395	80	35	40
Grenadian	595	300	295	20	0	15
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	35	20	15
Haitian	2,235	1,210	1,025	305	140	160
Jamaican	17,325	8,540	8,785	750	350	395
Kittitian/Nevisian	95	65	30	10	10	0
Martinican	10	0	0	0	0	0
Montserratan	30	10	25	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	460	225	240	85	40	40
St. Lucian	595	295	300	15	10	10
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	5,180	2,685	2,490	150	70	75
Vincentian/Grenadinian	535	215	325	45	10	35
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	2,670	1,275	1,395	245	110	135
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	2,305	1,110	1,200	185	65	120
Latin, Central and South American origins	78,405	39,030	39,375	2,135	1,110	1,025
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	1,980	965	1,015	65	40	25
Arawak	105	30	70	0	0	0
Argentinian	1,385	705	680	30	10	20
Belizean	445	250	190	0	0	10
Bolivian	590	305	285	55	35	20
Brazilian	3,030	1,330	1,700	60	15	45
Chilean	8,105	4,115	3,990	95	40	55
Colombian	12,585	6,060	6,525	265	105	160
Costa Rican	575	270	305	30	15	15
Ecuadorian	890	405	485	30	20	10
Guatemalan	2,395	1,270	1,120	125	40	85
Guyanese	3,095	1,545	1,555	115	50	70
Hispanic	1,785	905	885	75	35	35
Honduran	760	405	355	50	20	25
Maya	580	310	275	90	45	45
Mexican	22,475	11,430	11,045	700	395	300
Nicaraguan	1,675	825	855	20	20	0
Panamanian	320	150	170	15	15	0
Paraguayan	340	155	190	0	0	0
Peruvian	2,740	1,245	1,495	90	45	45
Salvadorean	8,810	4,545	4,270	135	95	40
Uruguayan	315	180	135	10	0	0
Venezuelan	4,690	2,295	2,390	60	35	30
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	3,430	1,735	1,695	110	65	50
African origins	136,510	70,620	65,885	6,705	3,535	3,170
Central and West African origins	33,170	17,430	15,735	1,835	1,045	790
Akan	130	80	50	20	10	10
Angolan	295	155	140	25	10	10
Ashanti	130	70	55	0	0	0
Beninese	200	90	105	0	10	0
Burkinabe	100	50	50	75	50	30
Cameroonian	2,040	1,010	1,035	150	110	40
Chadian	75	55	20	0	0	0
Congolese	4,095	2,100	1,990	415	250	165
Edo	555	320	235	10	0	0
Ewe	125	70	55	0	0	0
Gabonese	25	10	20	15	10	0
Gambian	110	60	50	0	0	0
Ghanaian	4,470	2,365	2,100	90	55	35
Guinean	455	235	215	175	125	50
Ibo	1,760	935	825	80	55	25
Ivorian	655	355	295	60	30	30
Liberian	1,040	495	540	80	45	35
Malian	70	45	25	125	55	65
Malinké	95	55	45	0	0	0
Nigerian	13,010	6,815	6,200	230	115	115
Peulh	105	70	35	40	25	20
Senegalese	575	370	205	105	45	60
Sierra Leonean	740	395	345	20	0	20
Togolese	150	70	80	40	20	25
Wolof	70	45	25	0	0	0
Yoruba	2,990	1,600	1,385	50	25	25
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	1,865	985	875	225	135	90
North African origins	23,235	12,305	10,935	1,200	705	495
Algerian	1,620	805	815	190	90	90
Berber	685	415	270	180	105	70
Coptic	225	115	110	0	0	0
Dinka	565	320	250	0	0	0
Egyptian	8,525	4,515	4,010	210	130	80
Libyan	1,300	665	635	185	85	100
Maure	95	70	25	0	0	0
Moroccan	2,510	1,380	1,130	365	255	115
Sudanese	7,070	3,695	3,375	15	10	10
Tunisian	940	480	455	140	80	60
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	575	315	260	15	10	10
Southern and East African origins	56,560	29,285	27,275	1,050	565	485
Afrikaner	315	155	160	0	0	0
Amhara	450	240	215	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	700	395	310	30	25	0
Burundian	975	555	420	105	55	50
Djiboutian	170	90	75	0	0	0
Eritrean	7,960	4,250	3,715	115	80	40
Ethiopian	13,225	6,710	6,510	180	105	70
Harari	165	85	80	0	0	0
Kenyan	2,175	1,035	1,140	10	0	0
Malagasy	125	55	70	60	20	35
Mauritian	550	310	235	0	10	0
Oromo	1,355	765	595	30	10	20
Rwandan	1,420	745	675	105	50	55
Seychellois	35	25	10	10	0	10
Somali	14,100	7,315	6,790	30	25	0
South African	6,635	3,310	3,320	225	95	130
Tanzanian	1,030	525	505	0	0	0
Tigrian	700	380	320	0	0	0
Ugandan	1,155	645	510	25	15	15
Zambian	265	155	110	25	10	15
Zimbabwean	2,590	1,300	1,285	60	30	30
Zulu	295	135	160	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	3,875	2,010	1,870	80	40	40
Other African origins	26,150	12,995	13,155	2,850	1,360	1,485
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	2,525	1,220	1,305	385	140	245
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	23,960	11,950	12,010	2,475	1,225	1,245
Asian origins	756,335	370,390	385,945	19,410	9,775	9,635
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	97,355	51,035	46,315	6,835	3,590	3,240
Afghan	8,540	4,545	3,995	25	10	20
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	10,470	5,690	4,780	590	300	295
Armenian	1,780	865	910	115	60	50
Assyrian	560	300	255	15	10	0
Azerbaijani	615	280	335	10	0	10
Georgian	400	230	165	10	10	10
Hazara	365	190	170	0	0	0
Iranian	13,925	7,220	6,705	665	365	305
Iraqi	6,165	3,250	2,915	105	50	55
Israeli	1,565	830	740	175	85	90
Jordanian	1,325	670	655	180	105	75
Kazakh	565	260	310	0	10	0
Kurd	2,040	1,160	880	80	45	30
Kuwaiti	185	110	80	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	200	110	90	0	0	0
Lebanese	32,365	16,835	15,525	2,825	1,435	1,395
Palestinian	4,880	2,675	2,210	75	40	30
Pashtun	645	305	345	20	10	10
Saudi Arabian	390	205	180	85	65	20
Syrian	7,215	3,605	3,610	1,685	865	825
Tajik	265	160	105	0	0	0
Tatar	530	215	315	25	10	15
Turk	5,745	3,155	2,595	235	150	85
Turkmen	105	55	50	10	15	0
Uighur	270	125	140	0	0	0
Uzbek	485	225	260	40	25	10
Yemeni	930	440	485	35	20	15
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	2,445	1,305	1,140	50	35	15
South Asian origins	231,550	118,855	112,695	2,975	1,590	1,385
Bangladeshi	4,155	2,085	2,070	150	95	55
Bengali	1,660	870	790	50	40	10
Bhutanese	815	410	400	35	20	15
East Indian	174,510	89,140	85,370	2,150	1,105	1,045
Goan	495	265	225	0	0	0
Gujarati	855	445	410	0	0	0
Kashmiri	720	355	365	10	0	0
Nepali	4,600	2,490	2,110	160	75	90
Pakistani	29,265	15,075	14,190	255	160	100
Punjabi	15,645	8,230	7,420	45	35	15
Sinhalese	750	400	355	15	0	10
Sri Lankan	5,585	2,885	2,695	100	45	55
Tamil	1,050	565	485	25	15	10
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	4,845	2,500	2,335	85	50	35
East and Southeast Asian origins	431,135	202,400	228,735	9,640	4,610	5,030
Burmese	1,270	650	615	25	15	10
Cambodian (Khmer)	4,260	2,245	2,015	60	30	30
Chinese	188,280	90,735	97,545	4,480	2,230	2,250
Filipino	175,130	79,150	95,975	2,130	870	1,265
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	3,005	1,425	1,575	100	30	65
Japanese	16,595	7,510	9,085	305	115	185
Karen	740	390	345	65	30	35
Korean	22,410	10,655	11,755	1,675	875	795
Laotian	2,050	1,020	1,030	0	10	0
Malaysian	2,970	1,340	1,630	30	15	15
Mongolian	1,565	725	835	45	30	15
Singaporean	370	180	190	10	10	0
Taiwanese	1,995	855	1,140	60	30	30
Thai	2,735	980	1,750	100	30	70
Tibetan	965	500	465	0	0	0
Vietnamese	36,780	17,720	19,060	885	450	435
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	735	385	345	10	0	10
Other Asian origins	3,115	1,580	1,530	110	70	45
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	3,115	1,585	1,530	115	65	45
Oceania origins	15,500	7,825	7,680	470	210	260
Australian	7,785	3,975	3,810	290	120	165
New Zealander	2,905	1,535	1,370	135	70	70
Pacific Islands origins	5,150	2,510	2,635	55	30	20
Fijian	3,325	1,580	1,745	0	0	0
Hawaiian	425	190	235	30	10	15
Maori	640	325	320	10	10	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	205	105	95	10	0	10
Samoan	280	180	100	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	375	195	180	10	10	0
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	1,527,680	...	...	319,770	...	...
Owner	1,105,795	...	...	238,040	...	...
Renter	412,150	...	...	79,865	...	...
Band housing	9,730	...	...	1,865	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	1,527,675	...	...	319,770	...	...
Condominium	256,015	...	...	10,580	...	...
Not condominium	1,271,660	...	...	309,195	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	1,527,680	...	...	319,775	...	...
No bedrooms	5,440	...	...	680	...	...
1 bedroom	139,820	...	...	28,370	...	...
2 bedrooms	322,370	...	...	88,115	...	...
3 bedrooms	540,505	...	...	125,865	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	519,545	...	...	76,745	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	1,527,680	...	...	319,770	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	358,650	...	...	66,540	...	...
5 rooms	238,870	...	...	56,365	...	...
6 rooms	224,335	...	...	54,070	...	...
7 rooms	201,560	...	...	45,825	...	...
8 or more rooms	504,270	...	...	96,970	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.5	...	...	6.5	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	1,527,675	...	...	319,770	...	...
One person or fewer per room	1,494,875	...	...	318,195	...	...
More than 1 person per room	32,805	...	...	1,575	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	1,527,675	...	...	319,770	...	...
Suitable	1,458,550	...	...	312,370	...	...
Not suitable	69,125	...	...	7,405	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	1,527,680	...	...	319,770	...	...
1960 or before	177,780	...	...	76,690	...	...
1961 to 1980	439,505	...	...	98,720	...	...
1981 to 1990	193,360	...	...	45,630	...	...
1991 to 2000	216,410	...	...	39,825	...	...
2001 to 2005	157,420	...	...	19,090	...	...
2006 to 2010	180,645	...	...	22,530	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	162,560	...	...	17,290	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	1,527,680	...	...	319,770	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	1,440,440	...	...	293,155	...	...
Major repairs needed	87,240	...	...	26,625	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	1,527,680	...	...	319,770	...	...
1 household maintainer	873,125	...	...	195,585	...	...
2 household maintainers	605,830	...	...	120,195	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	48,725	...	...	3,995	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	1,527,680	...	...	319,775	...	...
15 to 24 years	53,955	...	...	10,375	...	...
25 to 34 years	281,820	...	...	38,585	...	...
35 to 44 years	307,930	...	...	50,050	...	...
45 to 54 years	310,435	...	...	61,860	...	...
55 to 64 years	288,480	...	...	68,145	...	...
65 to 74 years	169,505	...	...	53,435	...	...
75 to 84 years	86,970	...	...	27,655	...	...
85 years and over	28,585	...	...	9,675	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	1,479,270	...	...	314,325	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	1,170,780	...	...	261,385	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	308,485	...	...	52,935	...	...
30% to less than 100%	268,795	...	...	47,190	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	1,075,465	...	...	235,950	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	65.2	...	...	55.9	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	15.1	...	...	10.3	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,481	...	...	741	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,531	...	...	876	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	400,104	...	...	150,010	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	449,790	...	...	170,071	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	410,225	...	...	79,370	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	10.4	...	...	14.4	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	36.0	...	...	36.5	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,243	...	...	704	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,279	...	...	741	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	3,206,050	1,602,810	1,603,235	620,395	301,650	318,745
No certificate, diploma or degree	540,665	284,020	256,640	136,745	71,600	65,140
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	895,885	440,665	455,220	176,750	85,345	91,405
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	1,769,500	878,130	891,375	306,895	144,700	162,200
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	309,465	242,160	67,305	56,595	39,965	16,630
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	94,735	56,255	38,480	29,630	17,320	12,315
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	214,730	185,905	28,825	26,965	22,645	4,320
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	615,480	250,590	364,895	135,065	56,055	79,005
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	94,620	36,875	57,750	11,610	3,995	7,620
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	749,930	348,510	401,425	103,630	44,685	58,945
Bachelor's degree	530,085	235,610	294,470	73,330	30,165	43,165
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	39,955	18,075	21,880	6,735	2,795	3,935
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	21,850	11,810	10,045	2,755	1,600	1,160
Master's degree	133,265	67,215	66,055	17,745	8,170	9,585
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	24,770	15,805	8,965	3,065	1,955	1,110
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	2,257,820	1,131,030	1,126,795	400,785	194,715	206,070
No certificate, diploma or degree	244,755	136,085	108,675	55,645	32,390	23,260
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	569,435	283,290	286,145	114,330	56,430	57,895
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	1,443,635	711,655	731,975	230,810	105,890	124,915
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	238,220	189,180	49,035	37,710	26,335	11,375
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	69,415	42,445	26,970	19,900	11,430	8,475
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	168,805	146,740	22,065	17,805	14,905	2,900
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	496,375	203,350	293,020	104,595	43,695	60,900
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	73,315	29,315	44,005	7,685	2,660	5,020
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	635,730	289,810	345,920	80,825	33,195	47,625
Bachelor's degree	448,235	197,045	251,195	57,560	23,115	34,450
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	32,095	14,155	17,940	5,160	1,920	3,240
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	18,855	9,505	9,350	2,190	1,110	1,080
Master's degree	116,975	57,230	59,740	13,730	5,770	7,960
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	19,570	11,875	7,695	2,190	1,285	905
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	3,206,045	1,602,810	1,603,235	620,395	301,645	318,745
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	1,436,545	724,680	711,865	313,495	156,945	156,545
Education	121,930	29,000	92,930	25,570	6,725	18,845
13. Education	121,930	29,000	92,930	25,565	6,720	18,845
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	49,660	20,960	28,705	6,140	2,800	3,335
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	9,130	6,305	2,820	1,155	905	250
50. Visual and performing arts	40,535	14,650	25,885	4,990	1,900	3,085
Humanities	69,305	27,480	41,830	12,430	5,245	7,190
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	6,790	1,620	5,170	1,040	255	785
23. English language and literature/letters	15,110	4,270	10,840	2,395	715	1,675
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	20,660	7,275	13,390	3,055	1,065	1,990
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	225	105	125	55	20	35
38. Philosophy and religious studies	4,890	2,750	2,140	725	455	270
39. Theology and religious vocations	11,435	6,560	4,865	2,150	1,325	825
54. History	8,600	4,560	4,045	2,190	1,185	1,005
55. French language and literature/letters	1,595	345	1,250	830	220	605
Social and behavioural sciences and law	159,735	51,705	108,030	23,780	6,945	16,835
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	2,345	470	1,875	190	35	155
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	17,180	6,320	10,865	1,725	710	1,015
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	28,750	2,185	26,570	6,015	305	5,710
22. Legal professions and studies	29,000	9,355	19,645	3,935	1,325	2,615
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	2,190	605	1,580	420	95	325
42. Psychology	27,275	6,765	20,515	5,075	1,355	3,725
45. Social sciences	52,985	26,000	26,985	6,420	3,120	3,300
Business, management and public administration	361,530	133,045	228,485	67,605	19,470	48,135
30.16 Accounting and computer science	670	155	520	230	35	190
44. Public administration and social service professions	21,565	4,015	17,555	5,670	1,010	4,660
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	339,295	128,885	210,410	61,705	18,425	43,285
Physical and life sciences and technologies	72,850	38,330	34,525	7,625	3,930	3,700
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	25,850	10,955	14,895	3,320	1,525	1,800
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	15,410	7,270	8,145	1,845	825	1,025
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	555	170	385	130	30	100
40. Physical sciences	26,130	17,875	8,255	1,720	1,265	455
41. Science technologies/technicians	4,900	2,055	2,845	610	285	325
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	60,830	37,710	23,120	11,275	7,185	4,095
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	48,975	32,855	16,125	9,975	6,640	3,335
25. Library science	4,295	515	3,780	620	95	525
27. Mathematics and statistics	7,050	4,020	3,035	620	395	225
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	515	330	185	55	45	10
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	463,185	415,665	47,520	70,800	67,070	3,735
04. Architecture and related services	11,325	7,140	4,190	500	365	140
14. Engineering	110,345	89,275	21,070	8,020	7,015	1,010
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	84,800	72,145	12,655	13,010	11,575	1,430
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	60	10	50	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	100,370	96,810	3,560	18,910	18,555	350
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	103,880	100,100	3,785	20,075	19,570	505
48. Precision production	52,400	50,195	2,205	10,290	9,985	300
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	44,270	27,245	17,025	6,370	4,715	1,650
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	28,440	17,860	10,580	2,970	1,840	1,130
03. Natural resources and conservation	15,830	9,390	6,445	3,395	2,875	520
Health and related fields	270,920	51,220	219,700	49,795	7,490	42,305
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	19,300	9,110	10,195	2,770	1,325	1,445
51. Health professions and related programs	245,265	38,460	206,810	46,160	5,600	40,550
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	6,350	3,650	2,695	870	565	305
Personal, protective and transportation services	95,140	45,720	49,415	25,460	13,110	12,355
12. Personal and culinary services	57,285	14,985	42,305	13,835	2,735	11,095
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	250	230	20	105	95	10
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	740	655	85	390	355	40
43. Security and protective services	16,985	11,590	5,400	4,665	3,795	875
49. Transportation and materials moving	19,880	18,270	1,610	6,465	6,135	325
Other	150	60	95	50	25	25
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	145	60	95	45	25	20
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	2,257,820	1,131,025	1,126,795	400,780	194,710	206,070
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	814,190	419,370	394,820	169,970	88,820	81,150
Education	91,020	19,920	71,105	16,350	3,830	12,520
13. Education	91,025	19,920	71,100	16,350	3,835	12,515
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	40,255	16,670	23,585	4,690	2,140	2,550
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	7,095	4,810	2,285	830	630	200
50. Visual and performing arts	33,155	11,860	21,300	3,860	1,510	2,350
Humanities	55,985	21,840	34,145	8,810	3,450	5,360
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	5,690	1,310	4,380	820	195	625
23. English language and literature/letters	12,345	3,425	8,920	1,725	490	1,235
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	17,320	6,020	11,300	2,125	650	1,475
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	200	95	100	35	10	30
38. Philosophy and religious studies	3,930	2,205	1,725	500	295	215
39. Theology and religious vocations	8,500	4,960	3,545	1,460	860	595
54. History	6,855	3,565	3,285	1,630	855	775
55. French language and literature/letters	1,140	245	895	520	100	420
Social and behavioural sciences and law	135,545	42,855	92,685	18,970	5,210	13,760
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	2,025	425	1,600	135	20	115
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	14,880	5,360	9,520	1,500	630	870
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	23,730	1,770	21,960	4,685	235	4,450
22. Legal professions and studies	25,095	7,395	17,705	3,280	940	2,340
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	1,790	530	1,255	335	70	260
42. Psychology	22,460	5,290	17,170	4,015	980	3,035
45. Social sciences	45,565	22,095	23,465	5,015	2,330	2,680
Business, management and public administration	301,995	110,825	191,170	52,915	15,055	37,860
30.16 Accounting and computer science	560	135	420	215	40	175
44. Public administration and social service professions	18,035	3,130	14,910	4,505	735	3,770
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	283,400	107,560	175,840	48,190	14,280	33,915
Physical and life sciences and technologies	58,120	29,655	28,465	5,620	2,710	2,905
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	20,925	8,620	12,310	2,580	1,135	1,445
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	12,175	5,740	6,435	1,275	540	730
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	460	155	305	110	20	95
40. Physical sciences	20,785	13,645	7,140	1,185	820	370
41. Science technologies/technicians	3,775	1,500	2,270	465	195	270
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	53,975	33,590	20,385	9,710	6,285	3,425
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	44,735	29,980	14,750	8,815	5,910	2,905
25. Library science	3,400	440	2,965	415	70	345
27. Mathematics and statistics	5,420	2,915	2,500	430	265	170
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	420	255	165	55	50	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	376,875	335,210	41,670	51,150	47,940	3,210
04. Architecture and related services	9,335	5,630	3,710	395	270	120
14. Engineering	95,005	75,840	19,170	6,230	5,295	935
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	69,300	58,610	10,690	10,405	9,135	1,270
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	55	10	50	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	80,455	77,430	3,020	13,110	12,825	290
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	81,470	78,290	3,180	14,025	13,635	395
48. Precision production	41,255	39,405	1,850	6,980	6,770	210
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	35,820	21,060	14,760	5,010	3,575	1,430
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	21,990	12,970	9,025	2,355	1,395	960
03. Natural resources and conservation	13,825	8,090	5,740	2,655	2,185	470
Health and related fields	217,640	42,225	175,410	38,135	5,850	32,285
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	15,955	7,530	8,425	2,145	1,060	1,085
51. Health professions and related programs	196,250	31,775	164,475	35,295	4,385	30,905
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	5,435	2,925	2,505	695	405	285
Personal, protective and transportation services	76,300	37,755	38,540	19,415	9,810	9,600
12. Personal and culinary services	44,755	12,085	32,670	10,520	1,945	8,575
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	190	170	20	95	85	10
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	460	410	50	220	190	35
43. Security and protective services	14,100	9,595	4,505	3,460	2,760	705
49. Transportation and materials moving	16,795	15,490	1,305	5,115	4,835	285
Other	115	55	60	45	25	20
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	110	55	60	40	25	15
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	3,206,045	1,602,810	1,603,235	620,390	301,650	318,745
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	1,436,545	724,685	711,865	313,495	156,945	156,545
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	1,769,505	878,130	891,370	306,900	144,700	162,200
Location of study inside Canada	1,424,855	709,950	714,905	290,645	136,490	154,155
Same as province or territory of residence	1,064,560	530,135	534,430	229,835	106,610	123,230
Different than province or territory of residence	360,290	179,815	180,475	60,810	29,880	30,925
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	344,645	168,180	176,465	16,255	8,205	8,050
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	45,690	25,545	20,145	5,360	2,675	2,685
Philippines	68,760	26,480	42,280	920	285	635
India	41,560	21,025	20,535	460	230	230
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	28,630	16,255	12,370	1,995	1,175	815
China^{Census data footnote 162}	18,850	8,805	10,050	1,105	550	555
France	2,150	1,275	875	660	370	290
Other	139,010	68,800	70,210	5,755	2,920	2,835
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	2,257,820	1,131,030	1,126,795	400,785	194,715	206,070
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	814,190	419,375	394,820	169,970	88,815	81,155
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	1,443,630	711,655	731,980	230,815	105,895	124,920
Location of study inside Canada	1,150,780	572,180	578,595	218,710	100,175	118,535
Same as province or territory of residence	857,370	426,365	431,010	172,760	78,520	94,240
Different than province or territory of residence	293,410	145,820	147,590	45,950	21,660	24,295
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	292,850	139,470	153,380	12,105	5,715	6,380
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	34,655	18,640	16,015	3,460	1,555	1,905
Philippines	64,000	24,435	39,565	875	260	615
India	37,240	18,505	18,740	345	160	180
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	20,065	11,390	8,675	1,070	575	490
China^{Census data footnote 162}	16,600	7,630	8,965	1,025	475	550
France	1,870	1,105	765	525	300	225
Other	118,425	57,770	60,655	4,800	2,390	2,415
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	3,206,050	1,602,810	1,603,235	620,390	301,650	318,745
In the labour force	2,302,945	1,238,280	1,064,655	381,790	197,005	184,790
Employed	2,096,105	1,114,360	981,745	339,045	170,050	168,995
Unemployed	206,835	123,925	82,910	42,745	26,950	15,795
Not in the labour force	903,105	364,525	538,580	238,600	104,645	133,955
Participation rate	71.8	77.3	66.4	61.5	65.3	58.0
Employment rate	65.4	69.5	61.2	54.7	56.4	53.0
Unemployment rate	9.0	10.0	7.8	11.2	13.7	8.5
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	3,206,050	1,602,810	1,603,235	620,390	301,645	318,745
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	806,150	318,845	487,310	217,930	94,105	123,825
Worked	2,399,895	1,283,965	1,115,930	402,465	207,540	194,920
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	1,193,860	698,530	495,330	201,230	106,785	94,450
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	1,206,035	585,430	620,595	201,225	100,760	100,475
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.5	43.1	41.7	41.0	40.6	41.5
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	2,302,940	1,238,285	1,064,660	381,795	197,000	184,790
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	40,005	18,650	21,360	7,320	3,790	3,530
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	2,262,935	1,219,635	1,043,300	374,470	193,210	181,260
Employee	1,984,225	1,042,630	941,595	342,685	173,560	169,125
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	278,710	177,010	101,705	31,785	19,655	12,130
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	2,302,940	1,238,280	1,064,660	381,790	197,005	184,790
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	40,010	18,645	21,360	7,320	3,790	3,530
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	2,262,935	1,219,635	1,043,300	374,470	193,215	181,255
0 Management occupations	261,505	167,260	94,245	34,015	20,605	13,415
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	353,965	95,685	258,280	52,695	14,200	38,495
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	175,025	136,240	38,795	20,705	16,300	4,405
3 Health occupations	150,415	28,130	122,290	30,730	4,870	25,865
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	228,325	74,105	154,220	45,640	15,355	30,285
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	50,170	19,960	30,210	6,610	2,925	3,685
6 Sales and service occupations	491,495	204,245	287,255	91,035	36,535	54,505
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	406,495	376,375	30,120	59,925	57,015	2,910
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	72,465	59,465	13,000	14,485	12,280	2,205
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	73,070	58,170	14,895	18,620	13,130	5,495
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	2,302,940	1,238,280	1,064,660	381,795	197,000	184,790
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	40,005	18,650	21,360	7,320	3,790	3,530
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	2,262,935	1,219,630	1,043,305	374,470	193,210	181,260
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	64,035	43,045	20,990	15,135	12,025	3,115
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	142,490	109,105	33,390	4,345	3,765	580
22 Utilities	21,940	15,345	6,595	3,350	2,615	735
23 Construction	236,370	201,640	34,730	27,795	25,195	2,595
31-33 Manufacturing	127,535	96,045	31,490	32,405	23,215	9,195
41 Wholesale trade	80,610	56,840	23,775	11,170	8,180	2,990
44-45 Retail trade	249,880	115,065	134,810	46,180	21,220	24,950
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	115,295	83,675	31,620	17,680	13,295	4,390
51 Information and cultural industries	33,045	18,625	14,420	6,615	3,700	2,915
52 Finance and insurance	69,225	25,230	43,995	12,415	4,090	8,325
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	41,520	23,075	18,450	3,830	2,245	1,585
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	167,800	94,565	73,240	17,240	9,485	7,750
55 Management of companies and enterprises	5,560	2,760	2,795	345	145	195
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	87,350	49,595	37,760	18,530	10,060	8,475
61 Educational services	147,270	44,160	103,110	26,090	8,180	17,905
62 Health care and social assistance	245,875	41,235	204,645	51,380	7,955	43,430
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	44,880	21,550	23,335	5,950	3,065	2,885
72 Accommodation and food services	153,790	62,220	91,570	24,825	8,460	16,365
81 Other services (except public administration)	105,865	50,455	55,405	17,105	8,365	8,745
91 Public administration	122,595	65,420	57,175	32,090	17,960	14,135
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	2,096,110	1,114,360	981,745	339,045	170,050	168,995
Worked at home	162,465	77,935	84,530	19,445	9,485	9,955
Worked outside Canada	6,270	4,715	1,555	1,315	885	430
No fixed workplace address	307,065	236,995	70,070	37,925	28,630	9,300
Worked at usual place	1,620,310	794,720	825,595	280,360	131,055	149,310
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	1,620,310	794,720	825,595	280,360	131,055	149,310
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	1,186,170	554,850	631,330	127,230	57,560	69,670
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	358,010	190,730	167,280	97,230	44,565	52,665
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	64,360	41,925	22,435	50,560	25,155	25,410
Commute to a different province or territory	11,770	7,210	4,560	5,345	3,775	1,565
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	1,927,375	1,031,710	895,665	318,285	159,680	158,605
Car, truck, van - as a driver	1,497,440	832,890	664,545	266,035	135,575	130,460
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	99,635	40,215	59,420	24,455	9,855	14,600
Public transit	194,560	88,325	106,235	7,290	3,600	3,690
Walked	85,805	38,030	47,775	14,650	6,900	7,755
Bicycle	21,925	14,685	7,240	1,210	800	405
Other method	28,015	17,560	10,455	4,645	2,950	1,695
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	1,927,375	1,031,710	895,665	318,290	159,680	158,605
Less than 15 minutes	519,085	237,105	281,980	135,690	63,885	71,810
15 to 29 minutes	706,940	377,165	329,780	118,075	58,505	59,570
30 to 44 minutes	422,070	243,905	178,165	39,230	21,385	17,845
45 to 59 minutes	148,620	86,485	62,135	12,945	7,275	5,670
60 minutes and over	130,665	87,060	43,605	12,345	8,635	3,710
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	1,927,375	1,031,710	895,665	318,285	159,680	158,605
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	145,660	107,460	38,200	17,850	12,755	5,100
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	395,425	254,225	141,200	51,825	30,905	20,925
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	567,530	297,825	269,705	112,460	55,470	56,990
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	347,270	147,425	199,845	64,235	25,835	38,400
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	188,660	77,175	111,490	25,595	9,415	16,180
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	282,820	147,600	135,225	46,320	25,300	21,020
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	2,467,410	1,314,320	1,153,090	413,695	212,875	200,820
Single responses	2,446,600	1,304,240	1,142,360	395,120	204,270	190,850
Official languages	2,425,545	1,292,940	1,132,610	394,015	203,660	190,355
English	2,418,990	1,290,870	1,128,120	304,775	160,255	144,515
French	6,560	2,070	4,490	89,240	43,400	45,840
Non-official languages	21,055	11,305	9,750	1,105	615	490
Aboriginal languages	1,000	550	450	255	140	115
Algonquian languages	670	355	315	250	135	110
Blackfoot	75	50	30	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	565	295	270	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	10	10	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	30	10	20	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	535	280	255	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	255	135	110
Malecite	0	0	0	15	10	10
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	240	135	110
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	20	15	10	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	25	15	10	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	75	45	30	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	75	40	35	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	60	35	25	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	10	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	15	10	10	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	10	10	10	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	255	155	105	0	0	0
Dakota	15	10	10	0	0	0
Stoney	240	140	95	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	20,050	10,755	9,300	855	475	380
Afro-Asiatic languages	940	575	360	160	105	50
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	100	45	55	0	0	0
Bilen	10	0	10	0	0	0
Oromo	25	15	15	0	0	0
Somali	60	25	35	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	840	530	305	160	105	55
Amharic	85	50	35	0	0	0
Arabic	610	415	195	140	100	45
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	10	10	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	50	15	35	25	10	10
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	40	15	25	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	50	25	25	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	1,305	515	790	40	20	20
Khmer (Cambodian)	15	10	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	1,290	505	780	45	20	20
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	850	420	430	15	0	10
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	15	0	10	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	10	0	10	0	0	0
Ilocano	30	10	20	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	10	10	10	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	785	405	380	15	10	10
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	55	25	35	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	15	10	0	0	0	0
Tamil	35	15	15	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	8,280	4,855	3,425	170	95	80
Albanian	30	20	10	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	10	10	10
Balto-Slavic languages	690	335	355	30	10	20
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	695	335	360	30	10	20
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	15	15	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Croatian	15	10	15	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Polish	220	135	85	0	0	0
Russian	275	120	160	25	10	15
Serbian	25	0	20	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	25	0	20	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	100	40	55	10	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	2,535	1,700	840	25	10	15
Afrikaans	30	10	20	0	0	0
Danish	10	0	10	0	0	0
Dutch	145	80	65	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	2,160	1,455	700	25	10	15
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Swedish	15	10	10	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	10	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	165	135	30	0	0	0
Greek	20	15	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	3,215	1,870	1,350	40	30	10
Indo-Aryan languages	3,010	1,735	1,275	0	0	0
Bengali	25	10	15	0	0	0
Gujarati	75	15	60	0	0	0
Hindi	210	110	100	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	40	20	15	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	2,480	1,510	970	0	0	0
Sindhi	10	0	10	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	10	0	0	0	0
Urdu	155	50	100	0	0	0
Iranian languages	200	130	70	35	25	10
Kurdish	15	10	0	15	15	0
Pashto	15	15	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	175	105	70	25	15	10
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,780	920	860	65	35	25
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	30	10	15	0	0	0
Portuguese	140	70	70	0	0	0
Romanian	50	30	20	0	0	0
Spanish	1,560	800	760	65	35	30
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	195	75	125	10	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	785	350	435	60	35	25
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	35	10	30	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	30	10	25	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	10	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	230	120	115	30	20	10
American Sign Language	125	40	85	10	10	10
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	105	80	30	20	20	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	7,080	3,665	3,420	365	185	175
Chinese languages	7,035	3,635	3,400	360	185	175
Cantonese	4,545	2,340	2,205	35	15	25
Hakka	15	0	10	0	0	0
Mandarin	2,170	1,125	1,045	295	150	150
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	30	10	15	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	275	155	125	30	25	10
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	45	30	20	0	0	0
Burmese	10	10	10	0	0	0
Karenic languages	25	15	10	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	10	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	125	60	65	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	130	60	65	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	80	35	45	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	65	30	30	0	10	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	10	0	10	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0	0	0
Uralic languages	70	45	25	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	10	10	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	65	40	25	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	20,810	10,080	10,735	18,575	8,605	9,970
English and French	4,525	2,050	2,475	18,045	8,350	9,695
English and non-official language	15,935	7,860	8,075	475	240	235
French and non-official language	55	25	30	10	0	10
English, French and non-official language	295	140	155	45	15	35
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	2,467,410	1,314,320	1,153,095	413,690	212,875	200,820
None	2,370,575	1,264,955	1,105,620	322,045	167,900	154,150
English	13,805	6,540	7,270	44,925	21,560	23,360
French	23,920	11,380	12,545	44,415	22,175	22,240
Non-official language	57,640	30,700	26,935	2,090	1,115	975
Aboriginal	5,045	2,370	2,680	615	285	330
Non-Aboriginal	52,590	28,335	24,260	1,475	830	645
English and French	30	15	15	0	0	0
English and non-official language	215	105	110	55	20	35
French and non-official language	1,220	625	595	160	95	65
English, French and non-official language	0	10	0	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	3,925,440	1,971,515	1,953,920	724,030	354,435	369,600
Non-movers	3,318,340	1,667,060	1,651,280	641,310	314,280	327,020
Movers	607,095	304,450	302,640	82,720	40,150	42,570
Non-migrants	394,230	199,640	194,590	45,630	21,830	23,800
Migrants	212,865	104,815	108,050	37,090	18,320	18,765
Internal migrants	166,390	82,335	84,055	32,585	15,995	16,585
Intraprovincial migrants	120,105	59,845	60,260	21,995	10,555	11,445
Interprovincial migrants	46,280	22,490	23,795	10,585	5,445	5,140
External migrants	46,475	22,480	23,995	4,505	2,320	2,185
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	3,714,635	1,863,450	1,851,190	696,160	340,310	355,845
Non-movers	2,052,580	1,028,510	1,024,070	480,830	237,150	243,685
Movers	1,662,055	834,935	827,120	215,325	103,155	112,165
Non-migrants	899,165	454,700	444,465	113,835	53,935	59,900
Migrants	762,890	380,235	382,655	101,490	49,215	52,275
Internal migrants	559,860	280,255	279,610	89,980	43,165	46,815
Intraprovincial migrants	333,775	165,900	167,875	60,645	28,475	32,165
Interprovincial migrants	226,090	114,355	111,730	29,335	14,685	14,650
External migrants	203,025	99,980	103,045	11,510	6,050	5,455

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 35 referrer

Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Alberta [Province] and New Brunswick [Province] (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 2, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Alberta [Province] and New Brunswick [Province]

Census Profile, 2016 Census Alberta [Province] and New Brunswick [Province]

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Alberta [Province] and New Brunswick [Province]