Census Profile, 2016 Census
Alberta [Province] and Manitoba [Province]

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Alberta [Province]			Manitoba [Province]
	Data quality , Alberta [Province] Map : Alberta [Province] Change geography 1			Data quality : Manitoba [Province] Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	4,067,175	...	...	1,278,365	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	3,645,257	...	...	1,208,268	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	11.6	...	...	5.8	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	1,654,129	...	...	539,748	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	1,527,678	...	...	489,050	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	6.4	...	...	2.3	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	640,330.46	...	...	552,370.99	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	4,067,175	2,039,410	2,027,765	1,278,365	631,400	646,970
0 to 14 years	779,155	399,570	379,580	243,820	125,110	118,710
0 to 4 years	266,515	136,520	129,995	81,065	41,710	39,355
5 to 9 years	270,715	138,990	131,725	83,375	42,565	40,805
10 to 14 years	241,920	124,060	117,860	79,380	40,835	38,545
15 to 64 years	2,787,805	1,408,150	1,379,655	835,580	417,260	418,320
15 to 19 years	240,035	123,625	116,410	82,440	42,555	39,890
20 to 24 years	261,830	133,990	127,840	86,760	44,465	42,295
25 to 29 years	310,940	156,715	154,225	86,695	43,570	43,125
30 to 34 years	333,175	167,555	165,620	85,185	42,210	42,975
35 to 39 years	305,505	153,655	151,850	81,105	39,885	41,215
40 to 44 years	281,205	142,545	138,660	79,325	39,530	39,795
45 to 49 years	269,030	135,855	133,180	79,350	39,220	40,130
50 to 54 years	284,310	142,205	142,100	89,840	44,485	45,355
55 to 59 years	275,540	138,565	136,970	87,765	43,555	44,210
60 to 64 years	226,230	113,440	112,790	77,110	37,780	39,325
65 years and over	500,215	231,690	268,530	198,965	89,025	109,945
65 to 69 years	173,680	85,500	88,180	64,905	31,280	33,625
70 to 74 years	117,035	56,430	60,610	45,980	21,940	24,040
75 to 79 years	83,955	39,105	44,845	33,555	15,250	18,305
80 to 84 years	62,165	27,590	34,575	25,315	10,740	14,575
85 years and over	63,385	23,065	40,320	29,210	9,810	19,395
85 to 89 years	39,965	16,050	23,915	17,335	6,460	10,875
90 to 94 years	18,025	5,755	12,275	8,945	2,710	6,230
95 to 99 years	4,735	1,145	3,595	2,520	580	1,940
100 years and over	650	115	535	415	60	350
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	19.2	19.6	18.7	19.1	19.8	18.3
15 to 64 years	68.5	69.0	68.0	65.4	66.1	64.7
65 years and over	12.3	11.4	13.2	15.6	14.1	17.0
85 years and over	1.6	1.1	2.0	2.3	1.6	3.0
Average age of the population	37.8	37.2	38.4	39.2	38.2	40.2
Median age of the population	36.7	36.2	37.2	38.3	37.2	39.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	1,527,675	...	...	489,050	...	...
Single-detached house	946,225	...	...	331,420	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	62,395	...	...	39,080	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	471,090	...	...	108,120	...	...
Semi-detached house	86,765	...	...	15,865	...	...
Row house	116,625	...	...	17,225	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	43,090	...	...	7,065	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	223,360	...	...	67,205	...	...
Other single-attached house	1,245	...	...	755	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	47,970	...	...	10,435	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	1,527,675	...	...	489,050	...	...
1 person	366,080	...	...	135,500	...	...
2 persons	524,415	...	...	164,880	...	...
3 persons	245,075	...	...	71,065	...	...
4 persons	233,770	...	...	66,675	...	...
5 or more persons	158,335	...	...	50,930	...	...
Number of persons in private households	3,978,145	...	...	1,240,700	...	...
Average household size	2.6	...	...	2.5	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	3,288,020	1,639,835	1,648,185	1,034,545	506,280	528,260
Married or living common law	1,969,300	988,410	980,895	593,615	297,280	296,335
Married	1,648,945	828,155	820,790	503,390	252,210	251,175
Living common law	320,350	160,250	160,100	90,230	45,075	45,155
Not married and not living common law	1,318,720	651,430	667,290	440,925	209,000	231,930
Never married	905,700	505,310	400,390	300,415	162,440	137,980
Separated	76,150	34,000	42,150	24,845	11,080	13,765
Divorced	195,850	82,040	113,815	54,860	22,780	32,080
Widowed	141,020	30,080	110,940	60,805	12,700	48,100
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	1,114,585	...	...	346,160	...	...
2 persons	540,850	...	...	171,435	...	...
3 persons	235,245	...	...	71,630	...	...
4 persons	227,165	...	...	65,500	...	...
5 or more persons	111,330	...	...	37,600	...	...
Average size of census families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	1,114,585	...	...	346,160	...	...
Total couple families	953,325	...	...	287,200	...	...
Married couples	793,195	...	...	242,100	...	...
Common-law couples	160,130	...	...	45,100	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	161,260	...	...	58,960	...	...
Female parent	123,490	...	...	45,930	...	...
Male parent	37,770	...	...	13,025	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	953,325	...	...	287,205	...	...
Couples without children	443,665	...	...	137,135	...	...
Couples with children	509,655	...	...	150,070	...	...
1 child	190,010	...	...	55,730	...	...
2 children	213,910	...	...	59,965	...	...
3 or more children	105,735	...	...	34,375	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	161,260	...	...	58,960	...	...
1 child	97,180	...	...	34,305	...	...
2 children	45,235	...	...	15,895	...	...
3 or more children	18,845	...	...	8,765	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	678,535	356,875	321,655	212,415	104,435	107,980
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	1,527,675	...	...	489,050	...	...
One-census-family households	1,039,985	...	...	323,125	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	414,570	...	...	130,475	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	625,415	...	...	192,650	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	36,120	...	...	11,110	...	...
Non-census-family households	451,570	...	...	154,815	...	...
One-person households	366,080	...	...	135,495	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	85,490	...	...	19,315	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	4,026,650	2,020,510	2,006,140	1,261,620	624,095	637,520
English only	3,698,765	1,869,670	1,829,095	1,135,395	566,980	568,410
French only	3,895	1,725	2,165	1,485	680	800
English and French	264,720	124,400	140,315	108,460	49,205	59,255
Neither English nor French	59,280	24,715	34,565	16,285	7,235	9,050
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	4,026,650	2,020,510	2,006,140	1,261,620	624,100	637,520
English	3,880,685	1,950,980	1,929,705	1,203,025	596,475	606,550
French	71,535	37,205	34,330	39,200	18,880	20,325
English and French	16,605	8,350	8,255	3,545	1,755	1,790
Neither English nor French	57,830	23,970	33,860	15,840	6,985	8,860
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	79,840	41,380	38,455	40,975	19,760	21,215
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	2.0	2.0	1.9	3.2	3.2	3.3
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	4,026,650	2,020,510	2,006,140	1,261,620	624,095	637,520
Single responses	3,934,580	1,975,615	1,958,970	1,230,115	608,820	621,300
Official languages	3,063,640	1,552,475	1,511,165	941,130	468,430	472,705
English	2,991,485	1,515,025	1,476,460	900,610	448,960	451,645
French	72,150	37,450	34,705	40,520	19,465	21,055
Non-official languages	870,940	423,140	447,805	288,985	140,395	148,590
Aboriginal languages	23,835	11,290	12,550	29,710	14,265	15,440
Algonquian languages	18,295	8,665	9,630	28,070	13,505	14,565
Blackfoot	2,750	1,305	1,445	5	0	5
Cree-Montagnais languages	14,960	7,105	7,850	14,820	7,085	7,740
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	5	0	5	0	0
Moose Cree	10	0	5	0	0	5
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	50	15	35	30	5	20
Plains Cree	720	280	435	70	25	40
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	50	20	35	745	305	440
Woods Cree	910	430	480	65	20	40
Cree, n.o.s.	13,220	6,355	6,865	13,915	6,725	7,195
Eastern Algonquian languages	30	15	15	10	5	5
Malecite	0	5	0	0	5	0
Mi'kmaq	35	20	15	10	5	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	550	235	315	13,235	6,410	6,825
Algonquin	5	0	5	0	0	0
Ojibway	525	230	300	6,730	3,180	3,550
Oji-Cree	15	5	15	6,505	3,235	3,265
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	1,865	865	1,000	815	375	445
Northern Athabaskan languages	1,855	860	990	815	380	440
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	35	15	15	0	0	0
Carrier	15	0	15	0	0	0
Chilcotin	5	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	1,470	710	760	810	375	435
Dogrib (Tlicho)	40	10	30	0	0	0
Gwich'in	15	5	10	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	70	20	45	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	200	90	115	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	10	5	10	0	0	0
South Slavey	155	70	80	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	35	15	25	5	0	0
Tahltan languages	5	0	5	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	5	0	5
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	120	35	85	80	20	60
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	25	5	10	5	0	0
Inuktitut	60	20	45	65	20	45
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	35	10	30	15	5	10
Iroquoian languages	10	10	5	0	0	5
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	5	5	5	5	0	0
Oneida	0	5	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	0	0	0
Kutenai	5	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	80	45	35	80	40	40
Salish languages	15	5	10	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	5	5	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	5	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	5
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0	0	0
Siouan languages	3,370	1,630	1,745	630	305	330
Dakota	350	165	185	630	305	325
Stoney	3,020	1,460	1,555	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	5	0	0
Tlingit	5	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	15	5	5	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	10	5	5	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	5	5	5	5	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	5	5	5	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	5	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	55	30	25	15	10	5
Non-Aboriginal languages	847,105	411,850	435,255	259,280	126,130	133,155
Afro-Asiatic languages	68,415	36,215	32,200	10,700	5,580	5,120
Berber languages	340	190	145	40	25	15
Kabyle	165	90	75	35	15	10
Berber languages, n.i.e.	175	100	75	10	10	5
Cushitic languages	12,525	6,495	6,030	1,750	875	875
Bilen	315	185	130	155	85	70
Oromo	2,650	1,375	1,275	345	175	170
Somali	9,520	4,915	4,605	1,245	610	640
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	40	20	20	10	10	0
Semitic languages	55,425	29,450	25,980	8,840	4,640	4,200
Amharic	7,320	3,605	3,720	1,770	885	885
Arabic	40,540	21,840	18,705	4,695	2,500	2,190
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	400	210	190	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	145	80	65	0	0	0
Harari	260	135	120	0	0	0
Hebrew	960	505	460	545	320	225
Maltese	75	30	40	40	20	25
Tigrigna	5,415	2,880	2,535	1,770	905	865
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	305	155	145	10	5	5
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	130	80	50	65	35	30
Austro-Asiatic languages	25,295	11,760	13,535	4,180	1,970	2,205
Khmer (Cambodian)	1,925	910	1,010	280	135	145
Vietnamese	23,350	10,840	12,505	3,895	1,840	2,060
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	25	10	15	5	0	0
Austronesian languages	115,405	50,190	65,210	52,905	24,685	28,220
Bikol	425	205	225	175	80	95
Cebuano	5,135	2,155	2,980	1,245	565	675
Fijian	125	75	50	35	15	15
Hiligaynon	1,500	640	855	390	170	220
Ilocano	5,350	2,310	3,040	1,365	630	730
Malagasy	35	10	25	0	0	5
Malay	1,460	615	845	175	65	105
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	765	370	390	655	315	340
Pangasinan	290	115	175	135	65	70
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	99,035	43,120	55,920	48,530	22,670	25,855
Waray-Waray	305	145	160	50	30	25
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	980	430	550	150	70	85
Creole languages	1,895	990	910	570	275	305
Haitian Creole	95	45	50	20	10	10
Creole, n.o.s.	1,175	640	540	290	140	145
Creole languages, n.i.e.	625	305	325	265	120	145
Dravidian languages	13,490	7,075	6,415	1,565	825	735
Kannada	535	270	265	95	50	40
Malayalam	6,345	3,285	3,060	790	410	380
Tamil	4,430	2,360	2,070	480	255	230
Telugu	2,130	1,135	995	195	115	80
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	50	25	25	10	0	5
Hmong-Mien languages	105	55	45	5	0	0
Indo-European languages	442,685	220,330	222,355	158,350	77,605	80,750
Albanian	2,345	1,270	1,075	350	170	180
Armenian	500	250	245	65	35	30
Balto-Slavic languages	80,330	37,750	42,580	34,450	15,845	18,605
Baltic languages	1,010	475	535	165	65	95
Latvian	415	195	220	80	35	45
Lithuanian	600	285	315	85	35	45
Slavic languages	79,325	37,275	42,050	34,280	15,775	18,510
Belarusan	65	30	30	40	20	25
Bosnian	1,835	915	920	575	285	290
Bulgarian	1,545	790	755	140	70	65
Croatian	4,655	2,340	2,320	1,030	505	530
Czech	3,000	1,430	1,575	615	310	310
Macedonian	360	185	175	145	70	75
Polish	20,130	9,425	10,705	6,455	2,905	3,545
Russian	17,810	8,150	9,665	9,130	4,495	4,640
Serbian	4,020	2,035	1,985	655	335	320
Serbo-Croatian	970	480	485	240	110	130
Slovak	2,185	1,070	1,115	405	175	225
Slovene (Slovenian)	695	320	370	270	130	140
Ukrainian	21,835	9,985	11,850	14,505	6,325	8,180
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	215	120	100	75	40	30
Celtic languages	370	200	170	115	60	55
Scottish Gaelic	135	70	65	50	25	20
Welsh	175	85	80	60	30	30
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	65	40	25	10	10	0
Germanic languages	104,260	51,525	52,735	68,670	33,310	35,360
Afrikaans	3,010	1,475	1,535	420	220	205
Danish	2,380	1,245	1,135	280	145	135
Dutch	16,135	8,095	8,045	2,675	1,335	1,335
Frisian	360	200	160	55	30	25
German	80,050	39,435	40,615	63,825	30,940	32,890
Icelandic	115	55	60	475	210	260
Norwegian	815	370	445	115	45	65
Swedish	875	405	470	135	70	70
Vlaams (Flemish)	320	150	170	310	125	180
Yiddish	140	70	70	355	175	180
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	55	30	25	25	10	10
Greek	3,130	1,655	1,475	1,285	665	615
Indo-Iranian languages	166,805	85,250	81,560	32,325	17,135	15,195
Indo-Aryan languages	145,900	74,320	71,580	29,520	15,700	13,820
Bengali	7,000	3,630	3,370	1,170	675	495
Gujarati	13,140	6,785	6,355	3,115	1,660	1,455
Hindi	17,055	8,675	8,385	2,270	1,215	1,060
Kashmiri	105	60	50	5	5	5
Konkani	370	190	185	35	20	15
Marathi	1,510	775	730	135	80	50
Nepali	5,175	2,690	2,490	720	355	365
Oriya (Odia)	190	100	90	10	5	5
Punjabi (Panjabi)	68,695	34,935	33,760	18,320	9,650	8,670
Sindhi	2,770	1,300	1,475	60	30	30
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	2,590	1,320	1,265	670	345	320
Urdu	27,295	13,865	13,430	3,015	1,655	1,355
Iranian languages	19,600	10,235	9,365	2,705	1,365	1,335
Kurdish	1,550	845	705	415	210	200
Pashto	2,560	1,320	1,235	275	130	150
Persian (Farsi)	15,490	8,070	7,425	2,020	1,030	990
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	1,310	695	615	100	60	40
Italic (Romance) languages	84,940	42,425	42,515	21,100	10,385	10,710
Catalan	75	30	45	0	0	5
Italian	11,375	5,760	5,615	3,840	1,910	1,930
Portuguese	9,050	4,380	4,670	6,585	3,190	3,390
Romanian	8,035	4,080	3,955	645	310	335
Spanish	56,370	28,160	28,205	10,005	4,965	5,040
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	35	20	15	15	5	10
Japanese	4,875	1,715	3,160	540	185	350
Kartvelian languages	230	130	105	15	10	10
Georgian	230	130	100	15	5	5
Korean	17,920	8,485	9,435	3,760	1,810	1,950
Mongolic languages	545	255	290	20	5	15
Mongolian	540	255	290	20	5	15
Niger-Congo languages	15,360	7,870	7,495	3,895	1,965	1,930
Akan (Twi)	1,755	915	835	150	90	65
Bamanankan	35	20	15	75	25	45
Edo	275	155	120	40	20	15
Ewe	245	145	100	30	20	10
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	230	120	100	65	35	30
Ga	145	80	65	15	10	5
Ganda	280	145	135	50	20	30
Igbo	1,165	625	540	280	155	130
Lingala	270	130	140	75	30	40
Rundi (Kirundi)	605	305	295	135	60	65
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	805	405	400	250	125	120
Shona	1,100	545	555	110	50	60
Swahili	2,380	1,160	1,215	870	420	455
Wolof	280	165	110	75	50	25
Yoruba	2,435	1,305	1,125	1,030	525	505
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	3,370	1,640	1,735	640	315	325
Nilo-Saharan languages	2,720	1,395	1,330	395	215	180
Dinka	1,345	705	640	175	90	80
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	1,375	685	690	225	125	100
Sign languages	830	440	390	440	230	210
American Sign Language	335	165	165	240	125	115
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	495	275	225	195	100	95
Sino-Tibetan languages	122,450	57,740	64,705	18,880	9,320	9,565
Chinese languages	120,375	56,675	63,700	18,305	9,025	9,280
Cantonese	59,145	27,755	31,385	6,625	3,140	3,485
Hakka	990	465	530	55	30	25
Mandarin	50,660	23,940	26,720	10,170	5,110	5,060
Min Dong	115	50	65	5	5	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	3,060	1,375	1,695	325	150	165
Wu (Shanghainese)	630	305	330	110	55	50
Chinese, n.o.s.	5,725	2,770	2,955	1,010	530	475
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	40	15	25	5	5	5
Tibeto-Burman languages	2,075	1,065	1,005	575	295	285
Burmese	430	230	200	85	50	30
Karenic languages	795	415	380	430	215	220
Tibetan	575	295	275	10	5	5
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	275	130	140	55	20	35
Tai-Kadai languages	2,670	955	1,710	1,120	525	595
Lao	1,020	485	535	875	445	430
Thai	1,630	465	1,165	240	85	165
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	20	10	15	5	0	0
Turkic languages	4,050	2,250	1,800	340	190	150
Azerbaijani	365	215	155	30	20	15
Turkish	3,140	1,760	1,375	210	120	95
Uyghur	130	70	60	10	5	10
Uzbek	205	115	90	40	25	15
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	215	95	120	40	25	20
Uralic languages	7,470	3,600	3,870	1,440	655	790
Estonian	190	90	105	30	10	15
Finnish	810	330	480	225	85	135
Hungarian	6,470	3,185	3,285	1,185	550	635
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	690	415	280	155	85	70
Multiple responses	92,070	44,900	47,175	31,505	15,280	16,220
English and French	10,230	4,950	5,280	4,365	2,140	2,230
English and non-official language	77,520	37,815	39,705	25,965	12,530	13,440
French and non-official language	2,685	1,375	1,305	695	380	315
English, French and non-official language	1,640	760	880	470	230	245
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	4,026,655	2,020,510	2,006,145	1,261,620	624,100	637,520
Single responses	3,837,615	1,928,230	1,909,385	1,197,145	593,020	604,120
Official languages	3,354,885	1,690,490	1,664,395	1,052,345	521,280	531,065
English	3,327,255	1,676,360	1,650,895	1,035,475	513,465	522,010
French	27,630	14,130	13,500	16,865	7,815	9,055
Non-official languages	482,725	237,740	244,990	144,800	71,740	73,060
Aboriginal languages	9,970	4,940	5,020	15,770	8,020	7,750
Algonquian languages	7,175	3,575	3,605	15,070	7,675	7,390
Blackfoot	1,110	555	555	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	5,875	2,925	2,945	7,570	3,860	3,715
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	20	10	10	10	5	0
Plains Cree	125	60	60	10	5	5
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	5	0	5	120	45	75
Woods Cree	600	300	295	15	10	5
Cree, n.o.s.	5,120	2,540	2,575	7,415	3,790	3,620
Eastern Algonquian languages	5	5	5	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	5	5	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	190	95	95	7,495	3,820	3,675
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	185	90	95	2,505	1,280	1,225
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	4,990	2,545	2,455
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	620	320	300	635	305	330
Northern Athabaskan languages	620	325	300	635	305	330
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	10	5	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	540	280	260	630	305	330
Dogrib (Tlicho)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	5	0	5	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	5	5	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	60	35	30	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	55	30	25	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	10	0	10	15	5	10
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	10	5	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	10	5	5
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0	0	5
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	10	5	5	10	5	10
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	2,125	1,025	1,095	35	25	10
Dakota	175	85	85	35	25	10
Stoney	1,945	935	1,010	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	25	15	10	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	472,760	232,800	239,965	129,035	63,725	65,310
Afro-Asiatic languages	43,770	22,535	21,235	6,875	3,475	3,400
Berber languages	200	105	95	20	15	5
Kabyle	90	45	40	15	10	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	105	60	45	0	5	5
Cushitic languages	9,220	4,750	4,470	1,185	550	630
Bilen	280	160	115	120	65	55
Oromo	2,075	1,060	1,015	210	95	115
Somali	6,850	3,520	3,325	845	385	460
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	5	10	0
Semitic languages	34,310	17,660	16,655	5,650	2,895	2,750
Amharic	4,915	2,390	2,530	1,045	520	525
Arabic	24,230	12,555	11,675	3,105	1,600	1,505
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	260	130	130	5	0	5
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	95	50	40	0	0	0
Harari	165	80	85	0	0	0
Hebrew	460	235	225	355	195	160
Maltese	15	10	10	10	5	5
Tigrigna	3,955	2,095	1,860	1,135	580	555
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	210	110	100	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	45	20	20	25	15	10
Austro-Asiatic languages	16,355	7,635	8,715	2,900	1,370	1,530
Khmer (Cambodian)	960	460	500	125	55	70
Vietnamese	15,380	7,175	8,205	2,775	1,315	1,460
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	15	0	10	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	60,860	28,765	32,100	27,215	13,065	14,155
Bikol	70	40	35	30	15	15
Cebuano	2,110	1,015	1,090	495	250	245
Fijian	45	25	20	15	5	10
Hiligaynon	470	215	255	125	55	75
Ilocano	1,975	935	1,035	390	190	200
Malagasy	20	10	10	0	0	0
Malay	405	205	195	55	25	30
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	220	110	110	245	120	130
Pangasinan	45	20	30	30	15	15
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	55,105	26,005	29,100	25,790	12,375	13,420
Waray-Waray	125	60	60	10	5	5
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	280	120	155	30	15	15
Creole languages	970	495	475	290	120	165
Haitian Creole	50	25	25	10	5	5
Creole, n.o.s.	655	345	310	165	75	85
Creole languages, n.i.e.	270	125	140	115	45	75
Dravidian languages	8,460	4,335	4,125	800	400	400
Kannada	210	105	105	45	25	25
Malayalam	4,060	2,070	1,990	405	195	205
Tamil	2,915	1,515	1,395	240	120	120
Telugu	1,245	635	615	110	60	50
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	30	10	15	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	70	35	35	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	230,270	115,280	114,995	70,820	35,325	35,495
Albanian	1,060	570	485	155	80	75
Armenian	215	115	105	20	10	5
Balto-Slavic languages	30,220	14,820	15,400	11,685	5,670	6,015
Baltic languages	410	210	200	25	10	15
Latvian	165	85	80	15	5	5
Lithuanian	250	125	120	10	5	5
Slavic languages	29,815	14,610	15,205	11,660	5,660	6,000
Belarusan	15	10	5	0	5	0
Bosnian	785	400	385	285	145	140
Bulgarian	825	415	405	65	30	30
Croatian	1,800	905	895	320	145	180
Czech	875	440	430	115	55	60
Macedonian	175	90	85	85	35	45
Polish	7,705	3,675	4,030	2,010	910	1,105
Russian	10,145	4,965	5,175	5,530	2,780	2,745
Serbian	2,100	1,045	1,055	335	170	170
Serbo-Croatian	315	160	155	90	40	50
Slovak	710	345	365	70	35	35
Slovene (Slovenian)	150	70	75	55	20	30
Ukrainian	4,180	2,060	2,110	2,690	1,285	1,405
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	55	30	25	10	5	5
Celtic languages	40	25	15	20	15	10
Scottish Gaelic	15	15	5	5	5	0
Welsh	15	5	5	10	5	5
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	40,915	20,280	20,625	25,825	12,700	13,125
Afrikaans	1,705	835	875	200	100	100
Danish	150	75	75	10	5	5
Dutch	1,980	985	1,000	270	135	130
Frisian	60	30	30	10	5	5
German	36,295	18,010	18,290	24,795	12,185	12,615
Icelandic	30	15	15	35	15	20
Norwegian	60	20	35	10	5	5
Swedish	145	65	80	10	5	5
Vlaams (Flemish)	60	30	25	15	5	10
Yiddish	15	5	5	10	5	5
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	425	215	210	465	240	225
Greek	1,015	490	525	535	255	280
Indo-Iranian languages	111,975	56,535	55,445	22,810	11,920	10,890
Indo-Aryan languages	98,610	49,790	48,815	21,010	11,055	9,950
Bengali	4,530	2,300	2,225	690	390	305
Gujarati	8,025	4,085	3,935	2,100	1,095	1,005
Hindi	9,945	5,115	4,825	1,335	715	620
Kashmiri	50	20	25	0	0	0
Konkani	75	40	40	10	5	5
Marathi	845	440	405	40	25	20
Nepali	3,710	1,905	1,805	540	265	280
Oriya (Odia)	95	50	45	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	51,010	25,720	25,295	14,000	7,330	6,670
Sindhi	1,240	575	665	30	10	15
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	1,480	750	730	360	190	170
Urdu	17,600	8,795	8,810	1,895	1,035	860
Iranian languages	12,720	6,415	6,305	1,755	835	920
Kurdish	850	440	410	275	135	140
Pashto	1,640	845	795	165	70	95
Persian (Farsi)	10,230	5,135	5,100	1,315	635	685
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	650	325	325	50	25	20
Italic (Romance) languages	44,830	22,445	22,385	9,765	4,670	5,090
Catalan	35	10	20	0	0	0
Italian	2,840	1,275	1,560	1,035	450	590
Portuguese	3,905	1,875	2,030	2,800	1,305	1,500
Romanian	4,135	2,115	2,020	235	110	125
Spanish	33,910	17,160	16,755	5,695	2,810	2,885
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0	0	0
Japanese	2,245	945	1,300	175	75	105
Kartvelian languages	160	85	70	10	5	0
Georgian	160	85	70	10	5	5
Korean	12,775	6,205	6,570	2,915	1,430	1,490
Mongolic languages	335	160	175	5	0	5
Mongolian	335	155	175	5	5	5
Niger-Congo languages	5,600	2,725	2,875	1,410	695	720
Akan (Twi)	845	415	430	45	30	20
Bamanankan	10	10	0	15	5	5
Edo	70	35	35	5	5	0
Ewe	80	45	35	5	5	5
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	105	55	45	35	15	15
Ga	40	20	20	5	0	0
Ganda	95	50	50	5	0	0
Igbo	265	125	145	75	40	35
Lingala	85	35	45	40	20	20
Rundi (Kirundi)	280	135	145	65	35	35
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	350	175	170	105	55	50
Shona	410	190	225	10	5	10
Swahili	1,090	530	565	500	240	265
Wolof	170	95	75	25	20	10
Yoruba	690	340	350	345	175	170
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	1,015	485	535	125	50	75
Nilo-Saharan languages	1,525	765	755	130	60	70
Dinka	800	420	380	80	35	45
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	725	350	375	55	30	25
Sign languages	1,095	630	465	560	310	255
American Sign Language	325	170	155	255	135	120
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	765	455	310	305	170	135
Sino-Tibetan languages	82,380	39,230	43,155	13,910	6,920	6,985
Chinese languages	80,880	38,455	42,420	13,445	6,685	6,765
Cantonese	38,275	17,810	20,460	4,455	2,105	2,350
Hakka	315	135	185	25	10	15
Mandarin	37,125	18,030	19,095	8,080	4,105	3,975
Min Dong	20	5	10	5	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	1,245	540	705	135	65	70
Wu (Shanghainese)	340	175	165	65	30	35
Chinese, n.o.s.	3,550	1,760	1,785	675	365	315
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	5	5	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	1,500	770	730	465	235	225
Burmese	280	145	130	55	30	25
Karenic languages	665	340	320	370	190	180
Tibetan	420	220	200	5	0	5
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	140	65	75	40	15	20
Tai-Kadai languages	1,130	505	625	535	250	280
Lao	465	215	245	430	210	220
Thai	655	285	370	105	40	65
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	10	5	10	0	0	0
Turkic languages	2,390	1,270	1,120	135	70	65
Azerbaijani	155	90	75	10	5	10
Turkish	1,945	1,030	915	65	35	35
Uyghur	80	45	40	0	0	0
Uzbek	135	70	65	35	20	15
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	70	35	25	25	10	15
Uralic languages	2,130	1,040	1,085	305	140	165
Estonian	25	10	15	0	0	0
Finnish	105	50	50	35	15	15
Hungarian	1,995	980	1,015	270	125	145
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	240	140	95	40	25	20
Multiple responses	189,040	92,280	96,760	64,475	31,080	33,400
English and French	6,885	3,410	3,475	3,090	1,440	1,645
English and non-official language	178,070	86,895	91,170	60,090	28,995	31,090
French and non-official language	1,125	540	580	415	215	205
English, French and non-official language	2,965	1,430	1,530	885	420	455
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	4,026,650	2,020,510	2,006,140	1,261,615	624,095	637,520
None	3,492,295	1,760,240	1,732,055	1,079,050	535,990	543,065
English	221,305	110,655	110,650	76,350	37,795	38,550
French	41,840	19,470	22,375	20,200	9,130	11,075
Non-official language	262,255	125,640	136,615	83,315	39,860	43,455
Aboriginal	17,430	8,325	9,105	16,105	7,590	8,515
Non-Aboriginal	244,825	117,315	127,510	67,215	32,275	34,940
English and French	1,535	775	760	305	150	150
English and non-official language	4,545	2,345	2,195	1,610	815	790
French and non-official language	2,795	1,340	1,455	770	345	420
English, French and non-official language	85	50	40	20	5	10
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	3,206,050	1,602,690	1,603,360	1,001,305	491,590	509,715
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	3,053,470	1,528,275	1,525,190	954,035	467,790	486,250
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	42,717	54,891	33,213	34,188	40,379	29,220
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	3,054,135	1,528,420	1,525,715	954,205	467,820	486,390
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	38,067	47,131	30,478	30,465	35,150	26,561
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	2,839,590	1,458,560	1,381,030	859,545	431,145	428,400
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	42,330	54,528	32,099	32,592	39,229	26,692
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	1,785,065	711,210	1,073,855	701,840	309,530	392,310
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	4,093	3,834	4,185	4,268	1,890	5,434
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	2,473,665	1,301,630	1,172,030	722,785	374,850	347,935
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	42,679	54,361	32,982	33,677	39,365	28,679
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	3,206,045	1,602,810	1,603,235	1,001,305	491,580	509,725
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	3,054,555	1,528,100	1,526,455	953,960	467,575	486,385
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	62,778	80,001	45,535	43,767	51,068	36,747
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	3,055,230	1,528,240	1,526,995	954,175	467,605	486,565
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	50,683	62,938	38,417	35,957	41,013	31,097
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	2,840,675	1,458,210	1,382,465	859,575	431,035	428,540
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	62,997	80,282	44,766	42,776	50,803	34,704
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	1,784,345	710,105	1,074,240	701,830	308,940	392,890
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,175	7,298	7,093	7,099	6,411	7,640
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	2,473,665	1,299,805	1,173,855	722,785	374,535	348,250
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	59,343	74,073	43,031	42,551	49,417	35,168
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	3,206,050	1,602,810	1,603,240	1,001,310	491,580	509,725
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	1,152,385	669,770	482,615	350,580	201,335	149,245
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	64,090	73,781	53,836	50,026	54,580	44,818
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	81,586	94,822	63,218	59,523	65,410	51,581
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	93.3	95.8	89.1	88.0	91.7	83.1
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	76.5	78.9	72.3	73.6	77.4	68.6
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	6.7	4.2	10.9	12.0	8.3	16.9
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	3,206,050	1,602,690	1,603,360	1,001,310	491,585	509,720
Without total income	152,585	74,410	78,170	47,270	23,800	23,470
With total income	3,053,470	1,528,280	1,525,190	954,040	467,790	486,245
Percentage with total income	95.2	95.4	95.1	95.3	95.2	95.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	389,580	146,450	243,130	137,700	62,550	75,150
$10,000 to $19,999	385,235	147,125	238,110	150,320	58,320	91,995
$20,000 to $29,999	364,915	142,810	222,105	136,510	54,950	81,560
$30,000 to $39,999	305,680	131,185	174,490	123,685	55,805	67,885
$40,000 to $49,999	286,615	133,715	152,900	109,710	54,650	55,060
$50,000 to $59,999	247,830	124,720	123,115	80,625	45,170	35,460
$60,000 to $69,999	205,840	114,405	91,430	58,785	35,250	23,535
$70,000 to $79,999	165,640	99,645	65,995	43,365	26,465	16,895
$80,000 to $89,999	132,720	82,700	50,020	34,000	20,100	13,905
$90,000 to $99,999	114,010	70,655	43,350	21,980	13,545	8,440
$100,000 and over	455,410	334,865	120,550	57,355	40,985	16,370
$100,000 to $149,999	274,185	191,710	82,475	40,870	28,585	12,285
$150,000 and over	181,225	143,150	38,075	16,490	12,395	4,090
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	3,206,050	1,602,690	1,603,365	1,001,305	491,585	509,720
Without after-tax income	151,915	74,270	77,645	47,100	23,770	23,330
With after-tax income	3,054,135	1,528,420	1,525,715	954,205	467,820	486,390
Percentage with after-tax income	95.3	95.4	95.2	95.3	95.2	95.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	399,005	149,280	249,725	142,035	63,525	78,510
$10,000 to $19,999	402,780	154,330	248,450	161,865	63,410	98,460
$20,000 to $29,999	420,955	166,650	254,300	165,880	68,985	96,895
$30,000 to $39,999	377,590	169,665	207,925	153,680	73,335	80,350
$40,000 to $49,999	347,960	172,595	175,365	116,415	63,755	52,660
$50,000 to $59,999	276,970	153,985	122,985	78,105	46,940	31,160
$60,000 to $69,999	208,265	127,045	81,220	53,870	32,165	21,705
$70,000 to $79,999	160,580	100,970	59,610	31,690	19,680	12,010
$80,000 and over	460,030	333,895	126,140	50,655	36,025	14,630
$80,000 to $89,999	121,015	78,400	42,620	18,025	12,260	5,760
$90,000 to $99,999	82,020	57,375	24,645	10,325	7,305	3,015
$100,000 and over	257,000	198,120	58,875	22,305	16,460	5,850
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	3,206,050	1,602,690	1,603,360	1,001,305	491,590	509,720
Without employment income	732,385	301,060	431,330	278,525	116,740	161,775
With employment income	2,473,665	1,301,630	1,172,035	722,785	374,845	347,940
Percentage with employment income	77.2	81.2	73.1	72.2	76.3	68.3
Under $5,000 (including loss)	273,835	122,830	151,005	90,045	42,675	47,375
$5,000 to $9,999	164,095	68,100	95,990	54,560	23,875	30,690
$10,000 to $19,999	274,105	113,680	160,430	94,460	41,920	52,535
$20,000 to $29,999	235,620	96,855	138,760	89,540	39,650	49,895
$30,000 to $39,999	227,450	100,650	126,805	88,340	41,905	46,440
$40,000 to $49,999	219,155	103,680	115,475	77,755	40,205	37,550
$50,000 to $59,999	195,145	99,285	95,860	58,900	34,355	24,550
$60,000 to $69,999	163,465	92,950	70,515	44,085	27,115	16,970
$70,000 to $79,999	135,150	83,240	51,910	34,450	21,375	13,075
$80,000 and over	585,640	420,365	165,280	90,650	61,780	28,865
$80,000 to $89,999	111,045	71,210	39,835	28,365	16,860	11,505
$90,000 to $99,999	99,785	62,305	37,480	17,635	11,355	6,275
$100,000 and over	374,815	286,855	87,960	44,650	33,560	11,095
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	1,527,680	...	...	489,050	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	93,835	...	...	68,147	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	80,300	...	...	59,093	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	366,080	...	...	135,495	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	47,948	...	...	35,846	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	41,502	...	...	31,538	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	1,161,600	...	...	353,550	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	111,435	...	...	84,532	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	94,830	...	...	72,688	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	1,527,675	...	...	489,050	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	125,522	...	...	85,373	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	101,361	...	...	70,154	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	365,000	...	...	135,440	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	64,341	...	...	44,208	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	52,116	...	...	36,503	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	1,162,675	...	...	353,605	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	144,729	...	...	101,140	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	116,821	...	...	83,044	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	1,527,680	...	...	489,050	...	...
Under $5,000	21,660	...	...	9,250	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	13,555	...	...	8,175	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	18,070	...	...	11,450	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	33,045	...	...	18,260	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	51,505	...	...	21,395	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	38,615	...	...	19,035	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	42,580	...	...	21,090	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	46,630	...	...	21,745	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	46,520	...	...	21,605	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	46,825	...	...	21,225	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	95,425	...	...	40,240	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	95,340	...	...	37,910	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	92,345	...	...	34,275	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	88,775	...	...	31,555	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	84,570	...	...	27,215	...	...
$100,000 and over	712,215	...	...	144,620	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	184,595	...	...	52,495	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	142,910	...	...	34,595	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	181,960	...	...	34,670	...	...
$200,000 and over	202,745	...	...	22,865	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	1,527,680	...	...	489,050	...	...
Under $5,000	23,395	...	...	9,725	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	13,860	...	...	8,315	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	18,600	...	...	11,860	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	34,540	...	...	19,325	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	55,010	...	...	24,370	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	44,170	...	...	22,665	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	50,280	...	...	25,915	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	55,645	...	...	26,725	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	57,695	...	...	25,965	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	59,195	...	...	25,290	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	119,200	...	...	48,610	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	116,250	...	...	44,280	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	112,675	...	...	38,890	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	106,235	...	...	32,370	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	95,600	...	...	26,890	...	...
$100,000 and over	565,335	...	...	97,850	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	192,795	...	...	46,355	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	132,240	...	...	24,795	...	...
$150,000 and over	240,305	...	...	26,705	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	1,099,900	...	...	341,205	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	109,997	...	...	84,441	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	93,588	...	...	72,563	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.1	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	407,300	...	...	127,580	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	101,283	...	...	79,103	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	86,043	...	...	67,596	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	511,375	...	...	150,585	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	133,186	...	...	104,902	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	111,951	...	...	89,307	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	4.1	...	...	4.2	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	146,045	...	...	52,215	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	62,909	...	...	49,922	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	57,079	...	...	46,048	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	1,101,485	...	...	341,235	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	144,493	...	...	101,410	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	116,343	...	...	83,132	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	408,625	...	...	127,710	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	137,805	...	...	95,583	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	110,236	...	...	77,743	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	512,615	...	...	150,695	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	169,354	...	...	122,176	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	135,623	...	...	99,399	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	145,115	...	...	52,130	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	80,406	...	...	60,006	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	68,470	...	...	52,307	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	577,475	308,835	268,640	175,270	86,935	88,335
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	42,598	47,903	37,344	32,927	35,568	30,818
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	37,648	41,340	33,785	29,429	31,130	28,062
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	573,385	306,195	267,190	174,945	86,380	88,565
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	56,856	63,468	49,280	40,853	43,332	38,434
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	46,559	50,990	41,481	33,961	35,291	32,663
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	3,978,150	1,998,500	1,979,650	1,240,700	614,440	626,260
In the bottom half of the distribution	1,527,695	739,210	788,485	687,930	332,640	355,290
In the bottom decile	293,490	143,880	149,605	151,750	74,825	76,930
In the second decile	278,635	128,055	150,575	135,485	62,035	73,450
In the third decile	297,695	142,090	155,605	135,395	64,805	70,590
In the fourth decile	315,570	154,815	160,760	132,755	65,185	67,575
In the fifth decile	342,305	170,375	171,935	132,540	65,790	66,750
In the top half of the distribution	2,450,450	1,259,285	1,191,160	552,770	281,805	270,965
In the sixth decile	366,250	183,860	182,390	127,575	64,305	63,265
In the seventh decile	397,275	201,465	195,810	123,505	62,770	60,735
In the eighth decile	443,585	227,385	216,200	116,805	59,460	57,350
In the ninth decile	522,545	268,995	253,555	104,820	53,835	50,980
In the top decile	720,795	377,585	343,215	80,070	41,435	38,640
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	3,925,220	1,971,735	1,953,485	1,175,720	581,585	594,135
0 to 17 years	893,255	458,330	434,925	260,905	134,075	126,830
0 to 5 years	310,080	158,825	151,260	85,935	44,240	41,695
18 to 64 years	2,580,730	1,298,440	1,282,295	737,035	365,965	371,070
65 years and over	451,235	214,965	236,265	177,780	81,540	96,235
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	363,890	171,945	191,940	180,880	85,185	95,690
0 to 17 years	114,215	58,665	55,555	57,185	29,390	27,790
0 to 5 years	41,755	21,350	20,400	21,325	10,970	10,355
18 to 64 years	210,870	98,415	112,455	98,920	46,630	52,285
65 years and over	38,800	14,875	23,925	24,785	9,165	15,615
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	9.3	8.7	9.8	15.4	14.6	16.1
0 to 17 years (%)	12.8	12.8	12.8	21.9	21.9	21.9
0 to 5 years (%)	13.5	13.4	13.5	24.8	24.8	24.8
18 to 64 years (%)	8.2	7.6	8.8	13.4	12.7	14.1
65 years and over (%)	8.6	6.9	10.1	13.9	11.2	16.2
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	273,515	134,180	139,335	115,965	56,255	59,705
0 to 17 years	76,930	39,385	37,550	33,260	17,040	16,220
0 to 5 years	28,190	14,420	13,770	12,310	6,325	5,985
18 to 64 years	181,805	88,715	93,095	73,655	35,895	37,760
65 years and over	14,780	6,085	8,695	9,045	3,325	5,725
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	7.0	6.8	7.1	9.9	9.7	10.0
0 to 17 years (%)	8.6	8.6	8.6	12.7	12.7	12.8
0 to 5 years (%)	9.1	9.1	9.1	14.3	14.3	14.4
18 to 64 years (%)	7.0	6.8	7.3	10.0	9.8	10.2
65 years and over (%)	3.3	2.8	3.7	5.1	4.1	5.9
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	3,978,145	1,998,500	1,979,645	1,240,700	614,440	626,260
Official languages	3,920,530	1,974,435	1,946,095	1,224,985	607,375	617,605
English	3,916,805	1,972,800	1,944,005	1,223,665	606,760	616,905
French	264,600	123,940	140,660	108,560	49,435	59,130
Non-official languages	1,082,425	527,770	554,655	340,250	165,150	175,100
Aboriginal languages	36,465	17,415	19,045	40,465	19,410	21,050
Algonquian languages	29,675	14,120	15,555	38,305	18,375	19,930
Blackfoot	5,575	2,665	2,905	10	0	10
Cree-Montagnais languages	23,465	11,155	12,310	20,975	10,025	10,955
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	25	0	15	0	0	10
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	90	20	70	85	25	55
Plains Cree	1,580	620	965	190	90	100
Southern East Cree	10	10	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	45	25	25	1,140	505	640
Woods Cree	1,135	525	610	130	65	65
Cree, n.o.s.	20,665	9,990	10,675	19,435	9,340	10,095
Eastern Algonquian languages	35	15	15	10	10	0
Malecite	0	0	0	10	10	0
Mi'kmaq	35	15	15	10	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	955	425	530	17,710	8,520	9,185
Algonquin	10	10	0	10	0	0
Ojibway	925	415	505	9,685	4,560	5,125
Oji-Cree	20	10	15	8,045	3,975	4,070
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	10	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	2,640	1,255	1,385	1,120	525	595
Northern Athabaskan languages	2,630	1,250	1,380	1,110	520	590
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	10	0	0	0	0
Beaver	85	50	35	0	0	0
Carrier	45	10	35	0	0	0
Chilcotin	20	15	10	0	0	0
Dene	2,010	975	1,035	1,110	520	595
Dogrib (Tlicho)	75	30	45	0	0	0
Gwich'in	10	0	10	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	150	65	85	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	285	140	145	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	25	15	10	0	0	0
South Slavey	190	90	100	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	75	35	45	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	10	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	10	0	10	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	10	10	0
Haida	10	0	10	0	0	0
Inuit languages	135	50	80	110	55	55
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	35	10	25	10	10	0
Inuktitut	60	20	35	80	35	45
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	40	25	20	20	15	10
Iroquoian languages	40	25	10	15	10	10
Cayuga	0	10	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	35	25	0	15	10	10
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	10	10	0	0	10
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	145	75	70	210	115	95
Salish languages	50	25	25	0	0	10
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	10	0	0	10	0	10
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	15	10	10	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	10	0	10	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	10	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	10	0	10	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	4,050	2,005	2,045	760	365	395
Dakota	530	285	245	760	360	400
Stoney	3,650	1,790	1,855	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0	10	0
Tlingit	10	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	35	15	15	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	20	10	10	0	0	0
Nisga'a	15	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	10	10	0	10	0	10
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	10	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	10	10	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	10	0	10
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	30	15	15	35	15	20
Non-Aboriginal languages	1,046,245	510,495	535,750	299,900	145,795	154,110
Afro-Asiatic languages	96,210	50,675	45,535	15,730	8,320	7,410
Berber languages	540	335	205	85	50	40
Kabyle	225	125	90	45	25	20
Berber languages, n.i.e.	315	210	110	50	35	10
Cushitic languages	15,445	8,055	7,385	2,300	1,195	1,105
Bilen	370	235	135	210	120	85
Oromo	3,125	1,625	1,500	535	275	260
Somali	12,030	6,240	5,795	1,550	790	760
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	55	20	40	15	15	10
Semitic languages	82,200	43,405	38,800	13,685	7,300	6,390
Amharic	10,870	5,595	5,275	2,475	1,370	1,105
Arabic	62,730	33,365	29,370	6,650	3,590	3,055
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	430	225	210	15	0	10
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	150	70	75	10	0	0
Harari	340	150	185	0	10	0
Hebrew	3,250	1,650	1,600	3,370	1,735	1,635
Maltese	145	85	55	65	30	35
Tigrigna	7,315	3,915	3,400	2,225	1,175	1,050
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	450	250	205	15	10	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	375	225	145	155	80	80
Austro-Asiatic languages	32,730	15,440	17,290	5,230	2,545	2,685
Khmer (Cambodian)	2,700	1,375	1,330	335	185	150
Vietnamese	30,150	14,130	16,015	4,905	2,370	2,535
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	145,745	63,615	82,130	65,305	30,220	35,090
Bikol	330	150	180	225	100	125
Cebuano	6,690	2,940	3,750	1,615	805	810
Fijian	340	195	145	65	35	30
Hiligaynon	1,760	745	1,020	425	180	245
Ilocano	7,370	3,160	4,215	1,875	880	990
Malagasy	80	40	40	0	0	0
Malay	3,040	1,435	1,610	375	180	195
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	1,185	565	625	945	415	530
Pangasinan	445	190	250	205	100	110
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	138,440	60,115	78,325	64,165	29,640	34,520
Waray-Waray	420	170	245	115	55	55
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	1,160	505	650	200	80	120
Creole languages	4,585	2,390	2,195	1,310	605	705
Haitian Creole	255	140	115	25	10	15
Creole, n.o.s.	2,675	1,425	1,250	635	310	315
Creole languages, n.i.e.	1,680	840	850	680	305	375
Dravidian languages	18,190	9,660	8,525	1,840	945	895
Kannada	1,035	520	515	175	95	80
Malayalam	8,150	4,255	3,900	830	400	430
Tamil	7,195	3,900	3,295	655	330	325
Telugu	2,910	1,560	1,345	255	150	110
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	150	80	70	15	10	10
Hmong-Mien languages	115	55	55	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	550,490	274,510	275,980	175,950	86,435	89,510
Albanian	2,880	1,550	1,325	390	195	195
Armenian	530	255	275	65	50	15
Balto-Slavic languages	93,150	44,750	48,395	39,530	18,780	20,745
Baltic languages	1,360	660	705	230	90	140
Latvian	590	300	290	115	45	70
Lithuanian	775	360	415	120	50	65
Slavic languages	92,300	44,340	47,960	39,360	18,720	20,640
Belarusan	200	95	105	65	25	45
Bosnian	2,880	1,450	1,435	835	405	430
Bulgarian	1,795	945	850	155	95	60
Croatian	6,280	3,260	3,025	1,595	765	825
Czech	3,590	1,650	1,940	735	335	395
Macedonian	535	270	265	140	75	60
Polish	23,650	11,455	12,195	7,655	3,625	4,035
Russian	27,375	13,195	14,175	13,455	6,715	6,740
Serbian	5,355	2,630	2,730	870	470	400
Serbo-Croatian	1,095	550	540	190	75	115
Slovak	2,780	1,495	1,285	480	215	260
Slovene (Slovenian)	735	360	375	275	100	175
Ukrainian	26,600	11,980	14,620	17,095	7,795	9,305
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	250	120	130	70	35	30
Celtic languages	1,180	615	560	225	125	100
Scottish Gaelic	440	215	225	90	65	25
Welsh	315	180	130	90	45	45
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	450	220	225	45	15	25
Germanic languages	112,670	56,325	56,345	68,285	33,250	35,035
Afrikaans	5,165	2,655	2,515	715	330	385
Danish	2,800	1,360	1,440	270	120	150
Dutch	19,480	9,595	9,890	3,120	1,555	1,565
Frisian	475	275	205	90	65	30
German	83,010	41,905	41,105	61,760	30,170	31,600
Icelandic	160	70	95	560	225	335
Norwegian	1,450	635	810	290	115	175
Swedish	1,635	800	835	270	125	150
Vlaams (Flemish)	380	170	215	270	120	155
Yiddish	250	130	115	545	235	315
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	2,115	1,095	1,015	2,490	1,285	1,205
Greek	4,935	2,535	2,400	2,010	1,015	1,000
Indo-Iranian languages	206,725	106,045	100,675	38,760	20,480	18,280
Indo-Aryan languages	186,005	95,045	90,960	35,830	18,990	16,835
Bengali	8,530	4,385	4,140	1,520	885	635
Gujarati	18,005	8,945	9,055	3,905	2,065	1,840
Hindi	61,290	31,900	29,385	12,900	6,900	6,000
Kashmiri	125	80	45	20	15	10
Konkani	625	300	320	40	30	10
Marathi	2,575	1,385	1,195	275	170	105
Nepali	5,510	3,000	2,510	600	285	315
Oriya (Odia)	255	135	120	15	10	10
Punjabi (Panjabi)	90,485	46,350	44,135	22,900	12,035	10,865
Sindhi	4,595	2,065	2,530	150	85	65
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	3,800	1,925	1,875	920	500	420
Urdu	41,235	21,245	20,000	4,600	2,540	2,060
Iranian languages	22,140	11,665	10,475	3,035	1,525	1,515
Kurdish	1,930	1,100	825	600	295	305
Pashto	3,330	1,795	1,530	290	135	150
Persian (Farsi)	17,600	9,220	8,375	2,295	1,175	1,120
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	1,760	960	805	230	125	105
Italic (Romance) languages	142,340	69,885	72,450	34,360	16,630	17,735
Catalan	170	95	80	15	10	10
Italian	19,900	9,875	10,020	5,350	2,610	2,735
Portuguese	12,670	6,255	6,415	8,460	4,125	4,335
Romanian	9,915	5,185	4,735	785	395	390
Spanish	104,445	50,960	53,490	20,605	9,910	10,695
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	250	130	125	60	45	15
Japanese	9,215	4,115	5,100	1,160	550	605
Kartvelian languages	225	130	100	10	0	15
Georgian	230	130	100	15	0	15
Korean	19,950	9,405	10,545	4,240	2,100	2,145
Mongolic languages	800	375	430	55	20	35
Mongolian	800	370	430	55	20	30
Niger-Congo languages	29,430	14,980	14,450	7,970	4,125	3,845
Akan (Twi)	2,925	1,505	1,420	260	165	95
Bamanankan	60	30	30	160	95	65
Edo	620	325	290	95	60	30
Ewe	335	170	165	50	30	20
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	300	165	135	50	25	25
Ga	345	190	155	30	10	15
Ganda	610	305	305	230	110	120
Igbo	2,550	1,345	1,210	665	345	325
Lingala	1,240	640	605	655	315	345
Rundi (Kirundi)	830	420	410	205	105	105
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	1,155	605	550	305	155	155
Shona	1,810	850	960	250	110	140
Swahili	6,700	3,470	3,235	1,930	1,020	905
Wolof	600	365	235	150	85	70
Yoruba	5,930	3,035	2,890	2,630	1,330	1,295
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	6,585	3,265	3,320	1,440	765	680
Nilo-Saharan languages	3,070	1,495	1,575	410	225	185
Dinka	1,655	825	825	180	105	75
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	1,425	675	750	225	120	105
Sign languages	5,910	2,350	3,555	2,670	985	1,685
American Sign Language	3,085	1,130	1,955	1,710	625	1,090
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	10	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	2,855	1,230	1,625	975	365	610
Sino-Tibetan languages	141,860	67,945	73,915	21,130	10,490	10,650
Chinese languages	139,385	66,700	72,685	20,475	10,185	10,285
Cantonese	74,770	35,490	39,280	8,310	3,920	4,390
Hakka	1,180	515	660	50	30	20
Mandarin	70,510	33,310	37,195	12,825	6,460	6,365
Min Dong	85	50	40	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	4,140	1,765	2,380	480	230	250
Wu (Shanghainese)	855	380	470	185	95	85
Chinese, n.o.s.	6,335	3,160	3,175	1,115	600	510
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	55	25	35	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	2,590	1,290	1,300	675	310	370
Burmese	605	305	295	185	115	70
Karenic languages	805	415	390	465	200	265
Tibetan	860	430	430	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	445	215	235	145	60	80
Tai-Kadai languages	3,705	1,510	2,195	1,565	730	835
Lao	1,520	730	795	1,120	520	600
Thai	2,400	850	1,545	575	270	305
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	45	25	25	10	10	0
Turkic languages	5,795	3,180	2,625	510	250	265
Azerbaijani	630	325	300	50	25	30
Turkish	4,255	2,420	1,835	365	180	185
Uyghur	290	135	155	30	15	10
Uzbek	425	200	225	40	20	15
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	355	170	180	45	15	30
Uralic languages	8,895	4,315	4,575	1,550	730	815
Estonian	185	85	105	45	20	25
Finnish	1,045	455	590	265	105	160
Hungarian	7,660	3,770	3,890	1,235	600	635
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	1,820	1,025	790	445	290	150
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	3,978,145	1,998,495	1,979,645	1,240,700	614,440	626,260
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	3,622,740	1,825,135	1,797,600	1,133,080	560,165	572,920
Canadian citizens aged under 18	854,815	439,065	415,755	266,225	136,640	129,585
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	2,767,920	1,386,070	1,381,850	866,855	423,520	443,335
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	355,410	173,365	182,045	107,620	54,280	53,340
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	3,978,145	1,998,495	1,979,650	1,240,700	614,445	626,255
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	3,062,775	1,550,445	1,512,335	996,860	494,285	502,570
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	845,220	412,320	432,895	227,465	111,095	116,365
Before 1981	163,460	81,620	81,840	50,025	23,340	26,680
1981 to 1990	86,350	41,690	44,660	20,205	10,190	10,010
1991 to 2000	131,560	62,930	68,630	23,040	11,165	11,875
2001 to 2010	256,055	125,235	130,820	70,985	35,305	35,680
2001 to 2005	109,145	53,425	55,720	22,570	11,195	11,370
2006 to 2010	146,910	71,810	75,100	48,415	24,110	24,305
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	207,790	100,845	106,945	63,210	31,095	32,120
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	70,155	35,735	34,420	16,375	9,055	7,320
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	845,220	412,320	432,895	227,470	111,100	116,370
Under 5 years	82,175	42,200	39,975	25,595	12,975	12,625
5 to 14 years	149,815	77,820	71,995	45,570	23,305	22,265
15 to 24 years	168,965	78,215	90,755	44,585	20,820	23,770
25 to 44 years	372,805	180,265	192,535	93,700	45,160	48,540
45 years and over	71,450	33,820	37,630	18,010	8,845	9,170
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	845,215	412,325	432,895	227,465	111,095	116,365
Americas	103,540	49,345	54,190	31,980	15,285	16,700
Brazil	2,545	1,100	1,440	435	170	265
Colombia	9,535	4,570	4,960	1,050	510	545
El Salvador	7,255	3,725	3,530	2,480	1,325	1,155
Guyana	2,555	1,200	1,355	1,135	515	620
Haiti	1,270	675	600	155	75	80
Jamaica	6,845	3,170	3,680	1,810	835	970
Mexico	15,665	7,860	7,805	6,655	3,330	3,320
Peru	1,920	780	1,140	235	85	150
Trinidad and Tobago	3,415	1,670	1,750	1,505	785	720
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	30,460	13,675	16,785	7,100	3,100	4,000
Other places of birth in Americas	22,075	10,925	11,150	9,425	4,550	4,875
Europe	189,770	95,355	94,415	56,705	27,815	28,890
Bosnia and Herzegovina	4,555	2,325	2,230	1,055	530	525
Croatia	3,080	1,615	1,465	975	445	535
France	2,535	1,215	1,320	795	425	365
Germany	19,205	9,485	9,715	10,390	5,215	5,175
Greece	2,005	1,115	890	820	445	375
Hungary	3,665	1,880	1,785	815	435	375
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	3,935	2,100	1,835	650	310	340
Italy	8,110	4,370	3,745	2,755	1,405	1,350
Netherlands	14,035	7,420	6,610	2,250	1,185	1,060
Poland	16,925	8,045	8,880	5,280	2,455	2,820
Portugal	4,050	1,985	2,070	4,380	2,170	2,210
Romania	7,725	3,930	3,795	720	345	375
Russian Federation	7,260	3,135	4,125	4,245	2,035	2,210
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	2,255	1,080	1,170	355	175	175
Ukraine	8,150	3,700	4,455	4,765	2,250	2,515
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	59,215	30,280	28,935	11,665	5,655	6,015
Other places of birth in Europe	23,060	11,670	11,390	4,790	2,325	2,470
Africa	89,740	46,705	43,030	17,975	9,495	8,485
Algeria	1,340	715	625	115	60	55
Egypt	5,320	2,940	2,375	980	525	455
Ethiopia	10,570	5,355	5,215	2,525	1,360	1,165
Kenya	5,120	2,555	2,565	935	470	465
Morocco	1,695	1,005	695	250	140	110
Nigeria	12,405	6,520	5,880	3,820	2,070	1,750
Somalia	7,060	3,665	3,395	755	350	415
South Africa, Republic of	7,355	3,670	3,685	975	465	505
Other places of birth in Africa	38,865	20,275	18,590	7,630	4,055	3,570
Asia	452,225	215,955	236,265	120,230	58,215	62,015
Afghanistan	5,190	2,765	2,430	615	285	330
Bangladesh	5,085	2,590	2,500	880	475	400
China^{Census data footnote 59}	57,690	26,510	31,185	9,250	4,460	4,790
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	19,110	9,265	9,850	1,460	715	735
India	91,660	46,625	45,035	21,990	11,395	10,595
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	8,910	4,655	4,250	1,180	655	530
Iraq	5,935	3,205	2,730	860	460	400
Japan	3,065	905	2,160	225	70	150
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	13,850	6,530	7,320	2,880	1,415	1,470
Lebanon	10,395	5,640	4,750	265	165	100
Pakistan	28,075	14,630	13,445	3,125	1,675	1,450
Philippines	123,830	54,075	69,755	61,950	28,800	33,150
Sri Lanka	4,835	2,475	2,365	1,015	515	505
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	4,800	2,515	2,280	805	390	410
Taiwan	3,455	1,460	2,000	215	110	110
Viet Nam	27,080	12,645	14,435	4,225	2,035	2,185
Other places of birth in Asia	39,250	19,485	19,765	9,285	4,590	4,695
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	9,940	4,950	4,990	575	290	280
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	207,790	100,845	106,945	63,210	31,095	32,115
Americas	20,060	9,660	10,400	4,130	1,840	2,290
Brazil	860	370	490	100	35	65
Colombia	2,295	1,020	1,275	185	70	120
Cuba	465	215	255	75	25	55
Haiti	385	240	150	15	10	0
Jamaica	1,660	765	895	340	175	165
Mexico	4,405	2,250	2,150	875	415	465
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	4,645	2,130	2,515	970	445	525
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	1,570	745	820	75	30	40
Other places of birth in Americas	3,785	1,930	1,855	1,490	640	850
Europe	20,870	10,830	10,045	5,155	2,650	2,505
France	425	240	180	135	70	75
Germany	1,370	710	655	580	310	265
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	1,355	835	520	135	80	60
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	715	365	350	160	85	70
Romania	1,100	545	555	70	30	35
Russian Federation	1,235	430	805	1,145	530	610
Ukraine	2,340	1,060	1,280	1,320	670	650
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	6,225	3,570	2,650	550	290	265
Other places of birth in Europe	6,100	3,065	3,040	1,060	590	470
Africa	27,770	14,165	13,610	7,860	4,120	3,735
Algeria	255	115	135	20	10	10
Cameroon	1,055	515	545	65	45	20
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	805	365	440	740	360	380
Côte d'Ivoire	420	210	210	95	35	60
Egypt	1,940	1,045	895	415	220	190
Eritrea	2,390	1,335	1,055	795	430	360
Ethiopia	3,445	1,670	1,780	810	425	380
Morocco	515	265	250	70	30	35
Nigeria	6,110	3,200	2,910	2,630	1,415	1,215
Somalia	2,120	1,110	1,010	385	160	215
South Africa, Republic of	1,590	800	785	225	110	120
Tunisia	255	135	125	65	45	20
Other places of birth in Africa	6,870	3,400	3,470	1,555	820	735
Asia	137,110	65,055	72,050	45,915	22,395	23,520
Afghanistan	810	435	375	60	35	25
Bangladesh	1,355	635	715	360	195	170
China^{Census data footnote 59}	10,525	4,700	5,825	3,390	1,635	1,760
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	750	305	450	185	105	80
India	28,820	14,915	13,900	10,915	5,675	5,240
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	3,265	1,665	1,600	425	230	195
Iraq	2,010	1,045	960	330	175	155
Israel	480	250	230	595	340	260
Japan	665	195	475	45	25	25
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	3,840	1,710	2,125	1,300	665	640
Lebanon	1,470	755	710	140	100	35
Nepal	2,615	1,380	1,240	210	70	140
Pakistan	6,910	3,420	3,490	1,535	800	735
Philippines	59,390	26,960	32,435	22,885	10,645	12,245
Saudi Arabia	820	435	385	325	145	180
Sri Lanka	1,345	650	695	250	140	115
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	3,340	1,705	1,630	635	325	310
Taiwan	505	165	340	20	0	10
Turkey	390	215	180	40	30	10
United Arab Emirates	810	430	375	110	55	55
Viet Nam	2,040	795	1,240	495	220	275
Other places of birth in Asia	4,965	2,285	2,680	1,650	785	870
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	1,980	1,135	845	150	80	70
Australia	1,065	600	465	80	25	60
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	915	535	375	65	55	15
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	3,978,145	1,998,500	1,979,650	1,240,695	614,440	626,260
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	938,500	460,015	478,480	249,625	123,035	126,585
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	742,455	374,065	368,390	197,530	97,135	100,395
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	2,297,195	1,164,420	1,132,775	793,545	394,265	399,280
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	694,945	337,380	357,565	180,810	89,380	91,425
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	387,275	195,845	191,430	119,845	60,680	59,165
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	154,700	96,855	57,850	44,415	27,435	16,980
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	232,570	98,990	133,575	75,430	33,250	42,185
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	198,575	81,650	116,920	39,875	17,355	22,525
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	103,785	57,130	46,650	20,550	11,155	9,395
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	5,320	2,745	2,570	540	195	345
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	3,978,145	1,998,495	1,979,650	1,240,700	614,440	626,260
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	258,640	125,445	133,195	223,310	108,495	114,815
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	253,460	123,115	130,340	220,470	107,145	113,330
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	136,585	65,755	70,835	130,510	62,955	67,550
Métis	114,370	56,170	58,200	89,355	43,895	45,465
Inuk (Inuit)	2,500	1,195	1,305	610	295	310
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	2,905	1,350	1,555	2,020	985	1,030
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	2,280	975	1,300	820	365	450
Non-Aboriginal identity	3,719,505	1,873,055	1,846,450	1,017,385	505,945	511,445
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	3,978,145	1,998,500	1,979,645	1,240,700	614,440	626,255
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	123,235	59,065	64,170	127,250	61,300	65,950
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	3,854,915	1,939,430	1,915,475	1,113,450	553,140	560,305
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	3,978,145	1,998,500	1,979,645	1,240,700	614,440	626,255
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	103,600	50,680	52,915	110,630	53,980	56,645
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	99,940	48,860	51,070	108,055	52,775	55,285
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	81,685	39,815	41,870	93,070	45,490	47,580
Métis single ancestry	17,515	8,690	8,820	14,835	7,210	7,625
Inuit single ancestry	735	355	380	155	75	80
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	3,665	1,820	1,845	2,570	1,205	1,365
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	3,490	1,725	1,765	2,495	1,160	1,335
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	105	55	50	50	30	15
Métis and Inuit ancestries	50	35	15	15	10	10
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	20	0	15	10	10	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	200,215	97,055	103,160	114,605	55,480	59,120
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	189,830	92,295	97,530	107,535	52,250	55,285
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	104,875	50,595	54,280	40,265	19,440	20,820
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	82,585	40,530	42,060	66,810	32,600	34,215
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	2,365	1,170	1,195	460	210	250
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	10,385	4,760	5,625	7,070	3,235	3,835
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	9,760	4,465	5,295	6,800	3,100	3,705
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	310	155	155	120	65	55
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	270	110	160	130	55	80
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	40	25	20	10	10	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	3,674,330	1,850,760	1,823,570	1,015,465	504,980	510,485
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	3,978,145	1,998,495	1,979,645	1,240,700	614,440	626,260
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	933,165	461,460	471,705	216,850	108,315	108,530
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	230,930	118,535	112,390	42,060	22,200	19,855
Chinese	158,200	77,035	81,165	22,540	11,340	11,195
Black	129,390	66,960	62,440	30,335	15,790	14,550
Filipino	166,195	74,770	91,425	79,815	37,935	41,885
Latin American	55,090	27,560	27,525	9,895	4,840	5,050
Arab	56,700	30,245	26,450	5,030	2,705	2,325
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	43,985	21,025	22,960	8,565	4,155	4,410
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	20,980	11,010	9,965	2,695	1,420	1,270
Korean	21,275	10,130	11,145	4,375	2,195	2,180
Japanese	12,165	5,495	6,670	1,850	880	975
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	9,900	4,700	5,205	3,195	1,610	1,590
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	28,360	13,985	14,375	6,485	3,235	3,250
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	3,044,980	1,537,040	1,507,940	1,023,850	506,125	517,725
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	3,978,150	1,998,500	1,979,645	1,240,700	614,440	626,255
North American Aboriginal origins	303,815	147,735	156,075	225,230	109,465	115,770
First Nations (North American Indian)	200,290	96,845	103,445	142,820	69,305	73,510
Inuit	3,900	1,915	1,985	955	460	500
Métis	113,735	55,590	58,150	91,120	44,150	46,970
Other North American origins	955,040	486,735	468,305	247,670	123,075	124,600
Acadian	5,545	2,970	2,570	645	325	320
American	72,355	35,480	36,875	9,220	4,605	4,615
Canadian	902,315	460,335	441,975	240,835	119,610	121,225
New Brunswicker	50	35	15	10	0	10
Newfoundlander	1,985	1,135	850	215	130	90
Nova Scotian	190	115	70	20	15	0
Ontarian	110	65	45	20	20	0
Québécois	1,380	750	630	280	150	125
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	415	210	205	30	10	25
European origins	2,580,720	1,292,280	1,288,440	826,210	406,770	419,445
British Isles origins	1,581,265	787,205	794,060	421,515	206,840	214,675
Channel Islander	225	115	115	45	25	25
Cornish	210	90	115	85	45	40
English	899,440	444,010	455,440	245,960	119,975	125,985
Irish	596,750	288,710	308,040	156,145	74,290	81,850
Manx	945	450	495	200	100	100
Scottish	704,205	347,740	356,460	208,065	100,790	107,265
Welsh	80,455	38,715	41,740	17,760	8,575	9,180
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	90,865	44,055	46,815	19,610	9,260	10,355
French origins	411,560	201,160	210,395	148,810	72,060	76,750
Alsatian	200	120	80	20	15	15
Breton	60	25	35	120	40	75
Corsican	125	65	70	0	10	0
French	411,315	201,030	210,290	148,740	72,020	76,720
Western European origins (except French origins)	915,185	455,115	460,065	286,985	141,285	145,705
Austrian	39,530	19,225	20,305	12,325	6,190	6,135
Bavarian	110	60	55	15	10	0
Belgian	21,210	10,320	10,890	21,510	10,495	11,020
Dutch	195,720	97,735	97,990	55,525	27,375	28,150
Flemish	2,005	870	1,140	965	445	515
Frisian	685	380	305	140	75	55
German	712,955	353,755	359,195	220,735	108,650	112,080
Luxembourger	680	355	320	155	65	90
Swiss	24,310	11,905	12,410	5,475	2,660	2,810
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	830	390	440	140	65	75
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	329,990	159,695	170,295	80,295	38,580	41,720
Danish	60,380	29,240	31,135	7,895	3,850	4,050
Finnish	17,755	8,780	8,975	4,000	1,905	2,095
Icelandic	20,225	10,050	10,175	31,090	15,265	15,825
Norwegian	156,595	75,160	81,430	19,600	9,145	10,455
Swedish	97,840	46,445	51,385	22,470	10,530	11,945
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	13,515	7,005	6,505	2,540	1,260	1,285
Eastern European origins	685,270	336,430	348,845	287,695	141,310	146,380
Bulgarian	2,935	1,510	1,425	330	190	145
Byelorussian	2,200	1,165	1,035	885	430	455
Czech	20,865	10,405	10,460	4,590	2,165	2,425
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	10,055	4,800	5,255	2,155	1,120	1,040
Estonian	2,715	1,240	1,470	190	80	115
Hungarian	56,270	27,385	28,885	10,120	4,990	5,125
Latvian	3,245	1,585	1,660	1,365	655	715
Lithuanian	6,090	2,915	3,175	1,455	750	705
Moldovan	1,585	790	790	325	170	160
Polish	186,510	91,115	95,395	88,090	42,670	45,420
Romanian	34,230	16,520	17,710	5,835	2,790	3,045
Russian	107,800	51,840	55,960	58,225	28,625	29,605
Slovak	11,010	5,495	5,515	2,190	1,055	1,135
Ukrainian	369,090	181,600	187,490	180,055	88,615	91,445
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	1,910	1,015	895	895	415	480
Southern European origins	215,725	107,495	108,230	59,915	29,445	30,470
Albanian	2,935	1,555	1,385	415	220	195
Bosnian	3,870	1,985	1,890	1,030	505	520
Catalan	85	55	25	15	0	15
Croatian	14,220	7,535	6,690	2,930	1,430	1,500
Cypriot	160	90	70	45	25	15
Greek	15,025	7,790	7,235	4,130	2,070	2,060
Italian	101,265	50,975	50,285	23,210	11,675	11,530
Kosovar	420	210	210	45	20	25
Macedonian	1,015	485	535	225	120	110
Maltese	1,560	845	715	360	165	195
Montenegrin	290	185	105	40	10	30
Portuguese	22,385	11,395	10,985	14,540	7,215	7,320
Serbian	7,755	3,875	3,875	1,240	660	580
Sicilian	330	160	170	235	110	125
Slovenian	3,885	2,010	1,875	1,005	485	520
Spanish	48,055	22,225	25,835	12,625	5,680	6,945
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	5,120	2,495	2,625	1,060	540	525
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	245	120	125	65	40	30
Other European origins	22,805	11,700	11,105	10,950	5,550	5,400
Basque	425	210	215	100	65	35
Jewish	9,780	4,890	4,885	8,455	4,250	4,200
Roma (Gypsy)	465	220	245	155	70	85
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	995	505	490	185	100	85
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	11,255	5,940	5,310	2,130	1,090	1,040
Caribbean origins	36,120	18,050	18,070	10,805	5,355	5,450
Antiguan	455	265	190	60	20	40
Bahamian	310	180	130	60	35	25
Barbadian	2,065	980	1,080	740	390	350
Bermudan	210	120	90	40	30	15
Carib	135	45	85	65	30	40
Cuban	2,175	1,110	1,060	340	155	190
Dominican	930	530	395	275	145	135
Grenadian	595	300	295	160	85	80
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	2,235	1,210	1,025	235	90	150
Jamaican	17,325	8,540	8,785	4,585	2,250	2,335
Kittitian/Nevisian	95	65	30	10	10	0
Martinican	10	0	0	0	0	0
Montserratan	30	10	25	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	460	225	240	70	25	45
St. Lucian	595	295	300	30	20	15
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	5,180	2,685	2,490	2,395	1,240	1,160
Vincentian/Grenadinian	535	215	325	190	90	105
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	2,670	1,275	1,395	1,465	705	760
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	2,305	1,110	1,200	665	360	305
Latin, Central and South American origins	78,405	39,030	39,375	23,115	11,555	11,565
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	1,980	965	1,015	650	330	320
Arawak	105	30	70	10	10	10
Argentinian	1,385	705	680	475	230	245
Belizean	445	250	190	200	105	100
Bolivian	590	305	285	300	160	140
Brazilian	3,030	1,330	1,700	830	375	455
Chilean	8,105	4,115	3,990	1,520	720	795
Colombian	12,585	6,060	6,525	1,400	680	715
Costa Rican	575	270	305	65	40	25
Ecuadorian	890	405	485	125	70	55
Guatemalan	2,395	1,270	1,120	505	240	260
Guyanese	3,095	1,545	1,555	1,485	770	715
Hispanic	1,785	905	885	425	210	220
Honduran	760	405	355	520	245	280
Maya	580	310	275	220	135	80
Mexican	22,475	11,430	11,045	8,790	4,440	4,350
Nicaraguan	1,675	825	855	370	200	170
Panamanian	320	150	170	50	10	40
Paraguayan	340	155	190	2,080	1,070	1,010
Peruvian	2,740	1,245	1,495	350	130	225
Salvadorean	8,810	4,545	4,270	2,735	1,425	1,315
Uruguayan	315	180	135	35	10	20
Venezuelan	4,690	2,295	2,390	240	95	150
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	3,430	1,735	1,695	1,045	525	520
African origins	136,510	70,620	65,885	28,860	14,980	13,885
Central and West African origins	33,170	17,430	15,735	8,665	4,585	4,085
Akan	130	80	50	35	10	25
Angolan	295	155	140	10	10	0
Ashanti	130	70	55	25	10	10
Beninese	200	90	105	55	45	0
Burkinabe	100	50	50	20	10	10
Cameroonian	2,040	1,010	1,035	145	80	70
Chadian	75	55	20	10	10	0
Congolese	4,095	2,100	1,990	1,575	785	790
Edo	555	320	235	130	85	45
Ewe	125	70	55	15	10	10
Gabonese	25	10	20	25	20	10
Gambian	110	60	50	10	0	10
Ghanaian	4,470	2,365	2,100	380	220	170
Guinean	455	235	215	70	20	50
Ibo	1,760	935	825	435	205	225
Ivorian	655	355	295	120	45	75
Liberian	1,040	495	540	80	20	55
Malian	70	45	25	140	85	55
Malinké	95	55	45	35	20	10
Nigerian	13,010	6,815	6,200	3,860	2,130	1,735
Peulh	105	70	35	25	15	15
Senegalese	575	370	205	115	70	40
Sierra Leonean	740	395	345	320	155	165
Togolese	150	70	80	115	60	55
Wolof	70	45	25	25	10	15
Yoruba	2,990	1,600	1,385	1,050	540	510
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	1,865	985	875	545	260	285
North African origins	23,235	12,305	10,935	3,690	1,980	1,705
Algerian	1,620	805	815	100	35	60
Berber	685	415	270	150	90	55
Coptic	225	115	110	85	45	40
Dinka	565	320	250	30	25	10
Egyptian	8,525	4,515	4,010	1,335	720	620
Libyan	1,300	665	635	360	175	185
Maure	95	70	25	100	70	30
Moroccan	2,510	1,380	1,130	350	190	160
Sudanese	7,070	3,695	3,375	1,075	580	500
Tunisian	940	480	455	130	65	60
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	575	315	260	75	40	35
Southern and East African origins	56,560	29,285	27,275	10,500	5,420	5,080
Afrikaner	315	155	160	65	40	30
Amhara	450	240	215	140	100	45
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	700	395	310	150	90	65
Burundian	975	555	420	235	110	125
Djiboutian	170	90	75	45	30	15
Eritrean	7,960	4,250	3,715	2,300	1,240	1,055
Ethiopian	13,225	6,710	6,510	2,900	1,505	1,395
Harari	165	85	80	0	0	0
Kenyan	2,175	1,035	1,140	335	165	170
Malagasy	125	55	70	25	15	10
Mauritian	550	310	235	245	125	115
Oromo	1,355	765	595	325	185	140
Rwandan	1,420	745	675	300	145	155
Seychellois	35	25	10	45	20	30
Somali	14,100	7,315	6,790	1,740	900	845
South African	6,635	3,310	3,320	730	310	420
Tanzanian	1,030	525	505	90	55	30
Tigrian	700	380	320	320	200	120
Ugandan	1,155	645	510	255	125	130
Zambian	265	155	110	200	95	110
Zimbabwean	2,590	1,300	1,285	310	150	160
Zulu	295	135	160	30	15	10
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	3,875	2,010	1,870	440	230	210
Other African origins	26,150	12,995	13,155	6,670	3,350	3,325
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	2,525	1,220	1,305	825	405	415
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	23,960	11,950	12,010	5,925	2,965	2,965
Asian origins	756,335	370,390	385,945	178,655	88,885	89,765
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	97,355	51,035	46,315	11,850	6,130	5,715
Afghan	8,540	4,545	3,995	1,010	485	530
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	10,470	5,690	4,780	1,755	975	785
Armenian	1,780	865	910	495	250	250
Assyrian	560	300	255	40	30	10
Azerbaijani	615	280	335	55	35	20
Georgian	400	230	165	110	60	45
Hazara	365	190	170	0	0	0
Iranian	13,925	7,220	6,705	1,885	1,015	870
Iraqi	6,165	3,250	2,915	925	480	450
Israeli	1,565	830	740	775	410	360
Jordanian	1,325	670	655	235	100	135
Kazakh	565	260	310	335	185	145
Kurd	2,040	1,160	880	305	145	160
Kuwaiti	185	110	80	40	20	25
Kyrgyz	200	110	90	45	30	20
Lebanese	32,365	16,835	15,525	1,375	700	675
Palestinian	4,880	2,675	2,210	620	340	275
Pashtun	645	305	345	65	25	40
Saudi Arabian	390	205	180	170	95	70
Syrian	7,215	3,605	3,610	1,115	535	580
Tajik	265	160	105	55	20	40
Tatar	530	215	315	310	155	155
Turk	5,745	3,155	2,595	655	315	340
Turkmen	105	55	50	10	0	0
Uighur	270	125	140	10	10	0
Uzbek	485	225	260	70	45	20
Yemeni	930	440	485	100	45	55
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	2,445	1,305	1,140	305	145	155
South Asian origins	231,550	118,855	112,695	43,155	22,710	20,440
Bangladeshi	4,155	2,085	2,070	880	500	385
Bengali	1,660	870	790	200	115	85
Bhutanese	815	410	400	140	55	85
East Indian	174,510	89,140	85,370	34,470	18,110	16,355
Goan	495	265	225	50	30	30
Gujarati	855	445	410	220	120	100
Kashmiri	720	355	365	30	10	15
Nepali	4,600	2,490	2,110	500	250	250
Pakistani	29,265	15,075	14,190	3,370	1,795	1,575
Punjabi	15,645	8,230	7,420	3,830	1,995	1,840
Sinhalese	750	400	355	280	145	135
Sri Lankan	5,585	2,885	2,695	1,090	545	545
Tamil	1,050	565	485	245	145	105
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	4,845	2,500	2,335	725	415	305
East and Southeast Asian origins	431,135	202,400	228,735	124,100	60,175	63,925
Burmese	1,270	650	615	260	125	135
Cambodian (Khmer)	4,260	2,245	2,015	525	280	240
Chinese	188,280	90,735	97,545	30,150	14,980	15,170
Filipino	175,130	79,150	95,975	83,530	39,955	43,580
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	3,005	1,425	1,575	530	265	265
Japanese	16,595	7,510	9,085	2,675	1,305	1,365
Karen	740	390	345	455	195	255
Korean	22,410	10,655	11,755	4,545	2,300	2,240
Laotian	2,050	1,020	1,030	1,730	820	910
Malaysian	2,970	1,340	1,630	470	240	230
Mongolian	1,565	725	835	150	60	90
Singaporean	370	180	190	20	10	10
Taiwanese	1,995	855	1,140	150	90	60
Thai	2,735	980	1,750	750	335	420
Tibetan	965	500	465	15	10	10
Vietnamese	36,780	17,720	19,060	5,850	2,915	2,935
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	735	385	345	145	70	80
Other Asian origins	3,115	1,580	1,530	575	320	260
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	3,115	1,585	1,530	575	320	260
Oceania origins	15,500	7,825	7,680	1,525	740	785
Australian	7,785	3,975	3,810	910	415	495
New Zealander	2,905	1,535	1,370	315	170	140
Pacific Islands origins	5,150	2,510	2,635	345	180	165
Fijian	3,325	1,580	1,745	80	45	30
Hawaiian	425	190	235	60	30	30
Maori	640	325	320	55	30	25
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	205	105	95	95	45	45
Samoan	280	180	100	25	0	15
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	375	195	180	65	30	35
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	1,527,680	...	...	489,050	...	...
Owner	1,105,795	...	...	336,170	...	...
Renter	412,150	...	...	140,260	...	...
Band housing	9,730	...	...	12,620	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	1,527,675	...	...	489,050	...	...
Condominium	256,015	...	...	33,325	...	...
Not condominium	1,271,660	...	...	455,725	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	1,527,680	...	...	489,050	...	...
No bedrooms	5,440	...	...	3,745	...	...
1 bedroom	139,820	...	...	63,040	...	...
2 bedrooms	322,370	...	...	121,520	...	...
3 bedrooms	540,505	...	...	175,500	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	519,545	...	...	125,240	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	1,527,680	...	...	489,050	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	358,650	...	...	132,410	...	...
5 rooms	238,870	...	...	82,935	...	...
6 rooms	224,335	...	...	78,750	...	...
7 rooms	201,560	...	...	64,560	...	...
8 or more rooms	504,270	...	...	130,400	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.5	...	...	6.1	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	1,527,675	...	...	489,050	...	...
One person or fewer per room	1,494,875	...	...	473,625	...	...
More than 1 person per room	32,805	...	...	15,420	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	1,527,675	...	...	489,050	...	...
Suitable	1,458,550	...	...	456,365	...	...
Not suitable	69,125	...	...	32,680	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	1,527,680	...	...	489,050	...	...
1960 or before	177,780	...	...	142,200	...	...
1961 to 1980	439,505	...	...	158,180	...	...
1981 to 1990	193,360	...	...	65,190	...	...
1991 to 2000	216,410	...	...	42,740	...	...
2001 to 2005	157,420	...	...	20,815	...	...
2006 to 2010	180,645	...	...	27,880	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	162,560	...	...	32,035	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	1,527,680	...	...	489,050	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	1,440,440	...	...	444,995	...	...
Major repairs needed	87,240	...	...	44,055	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	1,527,680	...	...	489,050	...	...
1 household maintainer	873,125	...	...	290,830	...	...
2 household maintainers	605,830	...	...	187,775	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	48,725	...	...	10,445	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	1,527,680	...	...	489,050	...	...
15 to 24 years	53,955	...	...	17,240	...	...
25 to 34 years	281,820	...	...	74,950	...	...
35 to 44 years	307,930	...	...	84,800	...	...
45 to 54 years	310,435	...	...	95,135	...	...
55 to 64 years	288,480	...	...	96,255	...	...
65 to 74 years	169,505	...	...	67,475	...	...
75 to 84 years	86,970	...	...	37,760	...	...
85 years and over	28,585	...	...	15,440	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	1,479,270	...	...	461,870	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	1,170,780	...	...	373,860	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	308,485	...	...	88,010	...	...
30% to less than 100%	268,795	...	...	76,075	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	1,075,465	...	...	324,120	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	65.2	...	...	60.4	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	15.1	...	...	11.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,481	...	...	973	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,531	...	...	1,085	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	400,104	...	...	275,473	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	449,790	...	...	297,444	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	410,225	...	...	138,905	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	10.4	...	...	19.4	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	36.0	...	...	36.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,243	...	...	868	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,279	...	...	891	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	3,206,050	1,602,810	1,603,235	1,001,305	491,580	509,725
No certificate, diploma or degree	540,665	284,020	256,640	220,390	116,570	103,820
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	895,885	440,665	455,220	296,355	147,040	149,320
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	1,769,500	878,130	891,375	484,555	227,975	256,585
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	309,465	242,160	67,305	77,000	54,090	22,910
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	94,735	56,255	38,480	37,490	21,985	15,500
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	214,730	185,905	28,825	39,515	32,110	7,410
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	615,480	250,590	364,895	177,620	72,785	104,840
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	94,620	36,875	57,750	28,940	12,075	16,860
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	749,930	348,510	401,425	200,990	89,020	111,970
Bachelor's degree	530,085	235,610	294,470	143,780	61,350	82,430
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	39,955	18,075	21,880	16,040	6,675	9,365
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	21,850	11,810	10,045	6,105	3,515	2,595
Master's degree	133,265	67,215	66,055	29,305	13,830	15,470
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	24,770	15,805	8,965	5,765	3,645	2,115
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	2,257,820	1,131,030	1,126,795	654,670	323,300	331,370
No certificate, diploma or degree	244,755	136,085	108,675	94,310	54,700	39,610
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	569,435	283,290	286,145	182,335	93,000	89,330
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	1,443,635	711,655	731,975	378,030	175,595	202,435
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	238,220	189,180	49,035	53,800	38,185	15,620
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	69,415	42,445	26,970	25,955	15,460	10,490
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	168,805	146,740	22,065	27,850	22,725	5,125
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	496,375	203,350	293,020	137,930	57,445	80,485
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	73,315	29,315	44,005	21,215	8,995	12,220
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	635,730	289,810	345,920	165,085	70,970	94,115
Bachelor's degree	448,235	197,045	251,195	119,150	50,120	69,035
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	32,095	14,155	17,940	12,185	4,840	7,350
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	18,855	9,505	9,350	5,075	2,705	2,370
Master's degree	116,975	57,230	59,740	24,410	10,815	13,595
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	19,570	11,875	7,695	4,270	2,495	1,770
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	3,206,045	1,602,810	1,603,235	1,001,305	491,585	509,725
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	1,436,545	724,680	711,865	516,750	263,605	253,140
Education	121,930	29,000	92,930	44,855	11,705	33,145
13. Education	121,930	29,000	92,930	44,855	11,710	33,145
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	49,660	20,960	28,705	13,170	6,230	6,940
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	9,130	6,305	2,820	2,415	1,860	550
50. Visual and performing arts	40,535	14,650	25,885	10,755	4,365	6,390
Humanities	69,305	27,480	41,830	23,030	9,915	13,110
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	6,790	1,620	5,170	1,775	400	1,380
23. English language and literature/letters	15,110	4,270	10,840	3,905	1,110	2,795
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	20,660	7,275	13,390	7,065	2,820	4,240
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	225	105	125	60	25	30
38. Philosophy and religious studies	4,890	2,750	2,140	1,590	940	650
39. Theology and religious vocations	11,435	6,560	4,865	4,510	2,590	1,925
54. History	8,600	4,560	4,045	3,410	1,855	1,555
55. French language and literature/letters	1,595	345	1,250	705	175	530
Social and behavioural sciences and law	159,735	51,705	108,030	46,555	15,805	30,750
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	2,345	470	1,875	880	220	660
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	17,180	6,320	10,865	3,115	1,225	1,890
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	28,750	2,185	26,570	10,760	795	9,965
22. Legal professions and studies	29,000	9,355	19,645	7,130	2,365	4,760
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	2,190	605	1,580	955	305	650
42. Psychology	27,275	6,765	20,515	8,155	2,385	5,770
45. Social sciences	52,985	26,000	26,985	15,565	8,510	7,055
Business, management and public administration	361,530	133,045	228,485	95,115	34,865	60,255
30.16 Accounting and computer science	670	155	520	320	105	210
44. Public administration and social service professions	21,565	4,015	17,555	7,670	1,875	5,790
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	339,295	128,885	210,410	87,125	32,875	54,250
Physical and life sciences and technologies	72,850	38,330	34,525	16,120	8,165	7,950
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	25,850	10,955	14,895	6,625	2,990	3,640
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	15,410	7,270	8,145	4,325	2,285	2,040
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	555	170	385	470	70	395
40. Physical sciences	26,130	17,875	8,255	3,685	2,585	1,095
41. Science technologies/technicians	4,900	2,055	2,845	1,020	240	780
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	60,830	37,710	23,120	18,425	11,380	7,050
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	48,975	32,855	16,125	15,225	10,050	5,175
25. Library science	4,295	515	3,780	1,140	175	965
27. Mathematics and statistics	7,050	4,020	3,035	1,945	1,080	865
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	515	330	185	120	75	40
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	463,185	415,665	47,520	96,625	89,275	7,350
04. Architecture and related services	11,325	7,140	4,190	2,420	1,380	1,040
14. Engineering	110,345	89,275	21,070	16,205	13,530	2,675
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	84,800	72,145	12,655	17,815	15,975	1,845
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	60	10	50	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	100,370	96,810	3,560	22,160	21,705	450
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	103,880	100,100	3,785	27,485	26,650	830
48. Precision production	52,400	50,195	2,205	10,530	10,030	505
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	44,270	27,245	17,025	14,540	10,260	4,275
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	28,440	17,860	10,580	11,380	8,280	3,100
03. Natural resources and conservation	15,830	9,390	6,445	3,160	1,980	1,180
Health and related fields	270,920	51,220	219,700	87,795	16,505	71,290
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	19,300	9,110	10,195	4,105	1,945	2,155
51. Health professions and related programs	245,265	38,460	206,810	81,865	13,450	68,415
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	6,350	3,650	2,695	1,825	1,110	715
Personal, protective and transportation services	95,140	45,720	49,415	28,275	13,845	14,435
12. Personal and culinary services	57,285	14,985	42,305	16,750	4,095	12,655
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	250	230	20	90	85	10
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	740	655	85	240	230	10
43. Security and protective services	16,985	11,590	5,400	5,005	3,680	1,330
49. Transportation and materials moving	19,880	18,270	1,610	6,185	5,750	435
Other	150	60	95	60	30	35
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	145	60	95	60	25	35
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	2,257,820	1,131,025	1,126,795	654,670	323,300	331,375
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	814,190	419,370	394,820	276,645	147,710	128,935
Education	91,020	19,920	71,105	31,645	7,860	23,785
13. Education	91,025	19,920	71,100	31,650	7,865	23,785
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	40,255	16,670	23,585	10,350	4,875	5,475
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	7,095	4,810	2,285	1,815	1,335	480
50. Visual and performing arts	33,155	11,860	21,300	8,540	3,545	4,990
Humanities	55,985	21,840	34,145	17,250	7,370	9,880
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	5,690	1,310	4,380	1,485	330	1,155
23. English language and literature/letters	12,345	3,425	8,920	2,930	810	2,120
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	17,320	6,020	11,300	5,420	2,245	3,180
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	200	95	100	55	30	30
38. Philosophy and religious studies	3,930	2,205	1,725	1,230	715	515
39. Theology and religious vocations	8,500	4,960	3,545	3,255	1,835	1,420
54. History	6,855	3,565	3,285	2,365	1,275	1,090
55. French language and literature/letters	1,140	245	895	505	135	370
Social and behavioural sciences and law	135,545	42,855	92,685	38,120	12,380	25,740
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	2,025	425	1,600	740	185	555
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	14,880	5,360	9,520	2,575	965	1,610
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	23,730	1,770	21,960	8,805	605	8,195
22. Legal professions and studies	25,095	7,395	17,705	6,085	1,795	4,285
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	1,790	530	1,255	815	265	550
42. Psychology	22,460	5,290	17,170	6,370	1,720	4,645
45. Social sciences	45,565	22,095	23,465	12,730	6,835	5,895
Business, management and public administration	301,995	110,825	191,170	76,370	27,865	48,495
30.16 Accounting and computer science	560	135	420	270	95	175
44. Public administration and social service professions	18,035	3,130	14,910	6,145	1,335	4,810
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	283,400	107,560	175,840	69,950	26,440	43,510
Physical and life sciences and technologies	58,120	29,655	28,465	12,195	5,930	6,270
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	20,925	8,620	12,310	5,290	2,265	3,025
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	12,175	5,740	6,435	3,005	1,595	1,405
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	460	155	305	405	65	345
40. Physical sciences	20,785	13,645	7,140	2,805	1,855	950
41. Science technologies/technicians	3,775	1,500	2,270	690	150	545
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	53,975	33,590	20,385	15,955	9,965	5,985
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	44,735	29,980	14,750	13,600	9,015	4,585
25. Library science	3,400	440	2,965	790	135	650
27. Mathematics and statistics	5,420	2,915	2,500	1,465	760	700
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	420	255	165	100	60	45
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	376,875	335,210	41,670	73,680	67,440	6,240
04. Architecture and related services	9,335	5,630	3,710	2,025	1,160	865
14. Engineering	95,005	75,840	19,170	13,705	11,305	2,405
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	69,300	58,610	10,690	13,840	12,265	1,575
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	55	10	50	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	80,455	77,430	3,020	16,060	15,690	365
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	81,470	78,290	3,180	20,395	19,765	625
48. Precision production	41,255	39,405	1,850	7,655	7,250	405
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	35,820	21,060	14,760	11,450	7,800	3,645
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	21,990	12,970	9,025	8,760	6,170	2,590
03. Natural resources and conservation	13,825	8,090	5,740	2,695	1,635	1,060
Health and related fields	217,640	42,225	175,410	69,600	13,415	56,185
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	15,955	7,530	8,425	3,310	1,585	1,715
51. Health professions and related programs	196,250	31,775	164,475	64,870	11,020	53,850
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	5,435	2,925	2,505	1,430	810	620
Personal, protective and transportation services	76,300	37,755	38,540	21,365	10,660	10,705
12. Personal and culinary services	44,755	12,085	32,670	12,255	2,980	9,275
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	190	170	20	90	85	10
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	460	410	50	110	105	0
43. Security and protective services	14,100	9,595	4,505	4,025	2,945	1,080
49. Transportation and materials moving	16,795	15,490	1,305	4,885	4,545	340
Other	115	55	60	50	30	25
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	110	55	60	50	25	25
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	3,206,045	1,602,810	1,603,235	1,001,305	491,585	509,725
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	1,436,545	724,685	711,865	516,750	263,610	253,145
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	1,769,505	878,130	891,370	484,555	227,975	256,585
Location of study inside Canada	1,424,855	709,950	714,905	403,775	188,230	215,540
Same as province or territory of residence	1,064,560	530,135	534,430	352,390	162,050	190,340
Different than province or territory of residence	360,290	179,815	180,475	51,385	26,185	25,200
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	344,645	168,180	176,465	80,785	39,745	41,040
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	45,690	25,545	20,145	9,155	4,910	4,245
Philippines	68,760	26,480	42,280	26,450	11,595	14,860
India	41,560	21,025	20,535	10,365	5,300	5,070
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	28,630	16,255	12,370	4,180	2,350	1,825
China^{Census data footnote 162}	18,850	8,805	10,050	2,865	1,330	1,535
France	2,150	1,275	875	395	235	165
Other	139,010	68,800	70,210	27,375	14,030	13,345
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	2,257,820	1,131,030	1,126,795	654,670	323,300	331,375
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	814,190	419,375	394,820	276,640	147,705	128,935
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	1,443,630	711,655	731,980	378,035	175,595	202,440
Location of study inside Canada	1,150,780	572,180	578,595	309,655	142,710	166,950
Same as province or territory of residence	857,370	426,365	431,010	270,435	123,090	147,340
Different than province or territory of residence	293,410	145,820	147,590	39,225	19,615	19,610
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	292,850	139,470	153,380	68,375	32,885	35,485
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	34,655	18,640	16,015	6,215	3,005	3,210
Philippines	64,000	24,435	39,565	24,495	10,775	13,720
India	37,240	18,505	18,740	9,430	4,770	4,660
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	20,065	11,390	8,675	2,465	1,385	1,080
China^{Census data footnote 162}	16,600	7,630	8,965	2,630	1,210	1,420
France	1,870	1,105	765	340	195	145
Other	118,425	57,770	60,655	22,805	11,555	11,255
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	3,206,050	1,602,810	1,603,235	1,001,305	491,580	509,725
In the labour force	2,302,945	1,238,280	1,064,655	662,155	347,685	314,465
Employed	2,096,105	1,114,360	981,745	617,465	322,130	295,335
Unemployed	206,835	123,925	82,910	44,690	25,560	19,130
Not in the labour force	903,105	364,525	538,580	339,155	143,895	195,260
Participation rate	71.8	77.3	66.4	66.1	70.7	61.7
Employment rate	65.4	69.5	61.2	61.7	65.5	57.9
Unemployment rate	9.0	10.0	7.8	6.7	7.4	6.1
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	3,206,050	1,602,810	1,603,235	1,001,310	491,585	509,725
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	806,150	318,845	487,310	312,495	131,600	180,900
Worked	2,399,895	1,283,965	1,115,930	688,810	359,980	328,830
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	1,193,860	698,530	495,330	358,800	206,460	152,330
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	1,206,035	585,430	620,595	330,010	153,520	176,495
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.5	43.1	41.7	42.9	43.5	42.3
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	2,302,940	1,238,285	1,064,660	662,155	347,685	314,465
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	40,005	18,650	21,360	12,625	6,125	6,505
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	2,262,935	1,219,635	1,043,300	649,530	341,560	307,965
Employee	1,984,225	1,042,630	941,595	580,885	296,560	284,325
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	278,710	177,010	101,705	68,645	45,000	23,640
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	2,302,940	1,238,280	1,064,660	662,155	347,690	314,470
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	40,010	18,645	21,360	12,625	6,125	6,505
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	2,262,935	1,219,635	1,043,300	649,525	341,565	307,965
0 Management occupations	261,505	167,260	94,245	71,455	45,945	25,510
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	353,965	95,685	258,280	96,050	27,530	68,515
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	175,025	136,240	38,795	34,135	26,895	7,240
3 Health occupations	150,415	28,130	122,290	52,280	10,830	41,450
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	228,325	74,105	154,220	86,055	27,425	58,630
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	50,170	19,960	30,210	14,355	6,025	8,325
6 Sales and service occupations	491,495	204,245	287,255	144,490	62,735	81,760
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	406,495	376,375	30,120	102,660	97,500	5,160
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	72,465	59,465	13,000	18,400	14,490	3,910
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	73,070	58,170	14,895	29,650	22,180	7,475
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	2,302,940	1,238,280	1,064,660	662,155	347,685	314,465
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	40,005	18,650	21,360	12,625	6,120	6,500
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	2,262,935	1,219,630	1,043,305	649,525	341,560	307,965
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	64,035	43,045	20,990	28,680	20,765	7,920
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	142,490	109,105	33,390	5,460	4,830	635
22 Utilities	21,940	15,345	6,595	7,390	5,625	1,765
23 Construction	236,370	201,640	34,730	49,575	43,990	5,585
31-33 Manufacturing	127,535	96,045	31,490	54,645	40,800	13,845
41 Wholesale trade	80,610	56,840	23,775	21,890	16,040	5,850
44-45 Retail trade	249,880	115,065	134,810	69,700	33,960	35,740
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	115,295	83,675	31,620	35,490	28,350	7,145
51 Information and cultural industries	33,045	18,625	14,420	10,875	6,085	4,790
52 Finance and insurance	69,225	25,230	43,995	25,885	9,615	16,270
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	41,520	23,075	18,450	8,235	4,565	3,670
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	167,800	94,565	73,240	28,470	14,790	13,680
55 Management of companies and enterprises	5,560	2,760	2,795	635	250	380
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	87,350	49,595	37,760	22,285	13,105	9,170
61 Educational services	147,270	44,160	103,110	55,025	17,480	37,540
62 Health care and social assistance	245,875	41,235	204,645	93,960	18,345	75,615
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	44,880	21,550	23,335	12,980	6,620	6,360
72 Accommodation and food services	153,790	62,220	91,570	43,655	17,430	26,230
81 Other services (except public administration)	105,865	50,455	55,405	28,055	13,740	14,315
91 Public administration	122,595	65,420	57,175	46,645	25,180	21,465
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	2,096,110	1,114,360	981,745	617,465	322,125	295,335
Worked at home	162,465	77,935	84,530	42,530	23,485	19,050
Worked outside Canada	6,270	4,715	1,555	1,935	1,305	630
No fixed workplace address	307,065	236,995	70,070	68,420	52,715	15,710
Worked at usual place	1,620,310	794,720	825,595	504,580	244,620	259,960
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	1,620,310	794,720	825,595	504,580	244,620	259,960
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	1,186,170	554,850	631,330	384,465	181,650	202,820
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	358,010	190,730	167,280	50,350	23,760	26,580
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	64,360	41,925	22,435	66,495	37,055	29,435
Commute to a different province or territory	11,770	7,210	4,560	3,275	2,150	1,120
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	1,927,375	1,031,710	895,665	573,005	297,335	275,665
Car, truck, van - as a driver	1,497,440	832,890	664,545	431,755	237,860	193,895
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	99,635	40,215	59,420	40,595	14,520	26,070
Public transit	194,560	88,325	106,235	53,740	21,780	31,955
Walked	85,805	38,030	47,775	32,330	13,815	18,520
Bicycle	21,925	14,685	7,240	8,175	5,670	2,505
Other method	28,015	17,560	10,455	6,410	3,695	2,715
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	1,927,375	1,031,710	895,665	573,000	297,340	275,665
Less than 15 minutes	519,085	237,105	281,980	185,120	87,795	97,320
15 to 29 minutes	706,940	377,165	329,780	208,570	108,680	99,890
30 to 44 minutes	422,070	243,905	178,165	115,090	63,555	51,535
45 to 59 minutes	148,620	86,485	62,135	36,755	20,485	16,270
60 minutes and over	130,665	87,060	43,605	27,470	16,820	10,650
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	1,927,375	1,031,710	895,665	573,000	297,335	275,665
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	145,660	107,460	38,200	28,060	20,145	7,915
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	395,425	254,225	141,200	104,545	65,630	38,925
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	567,530	297,825	269,705	168,760	90,125	78,630
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	347,270	147,425	199,845	126,090	50,885	75,200
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	188,660	77,175	111,490	53,120	22,305	30,810
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	282,820	147,600	135,225	92,430	48,240	44,190
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	2,467,410	1,314,320	1,153,090	710,830	370,255	340,575
Single responses	2,446,600	1,304,240	1,142,360	702,445	366,000	336,445
Official languages	2,425,545	1,292,940	1,132,610	694,855	361,770	333,090
English	2,418,990	1,290,870	1,128,120	688,400	359,660	328,730
French	6,560	2,070	4,490	6,455	2,100	4,355
Non-official languages	21,055	11,305	9,750	7,590	4,235	3,360
Aboriginal languages	1,000	550	450	1,815	1,025	800
Algonquian languages	670	355	315	1,755	990	755
Blackfoot	75	50	30	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	565	295	270	985	565	420
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	10	10	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	30	10	20	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	535	280	255	980	565	415
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	20	15	10	770	430	335
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	25	15	10	230	125	110
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	535	310	230
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	75	45	30	55	25	30
Northern Athabaskan languages	75	40	35	60	25	30
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	60	35	25	55	30	30
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	10	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	15	10	10	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	10	10	10	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	10
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	255	155	105	10	0	0
Dakota	15	10	10	0	10	0
Stoney	240	140	95	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	20,050	10,755	9,300	5,770	3,215	2,560
Afro-Asiatic languages	940	575	360	300	155	145
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	100	45	55	30	10	20
Bilen	10	0	10	0	0	0
Oromo	25	15	15	0	0	0
Somali	60	25	35	30	10	20
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	840	530	305	270	145	125
Amharic	85	50	35	15	0	10
Arabic	610	415	195	105	70	40
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	10	10	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	50	15	35	115	50	65
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	40	15	25	35	25	10
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	50	25	25	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	1,305	515	790	140	35	100
Khmer (Cambodian)	15	10	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	1,290	505	780	140	35	100
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	850	420	430	485	245	240
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	15	0	10	10	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	10	0	10	0	0	0
Ilocano	30	10	20	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	10	10	10	10	10	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	785	405	380	470	235	240
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	55	25	35	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	15	10	0	10	0	0
Tamil	35	15	15	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	8,280	4,855	3,425	3,115	1,865	1,255
Albanian	30	20	10	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	690	335	355	480	245	235
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	695	335	360	480	245	235
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	15	15	0	15	10	10
Bulgarian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Croatian	15	10	15	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Polish	220	135	85	65	50	20
Russian	275	120	160	280	145	135
Serbian	25	0	20	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	25	0	20	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	100	40	55	110	40	70
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	2,535	1,700	840	1,300	790	505
Afrikaans	30	10	20	10	10	0
Danish	10	0	10	0	0	0
Dutch	145	80	65	40	10	30
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	2,160	1,455	700	950	585	370
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	10	0	10	10	0	10
Swedish	15	10	10	0	10	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	10	10	10	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	165	135	30	290	185	105
Greek	20	15	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	3,215	1,870	1,350	755	505	260
Indo-Aryan languages	3,010	1,735	1,275	685	455	225
Bengali	25	10	15	20	0	15
Gujarati	75	15	60	10	10	10
Hindi	210	110	100	40	40	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	40	20	15	10	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	2,480	1,510	970	605	400	210
Sindhi	10	0	10	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	10	0	0	0	0
Urdu	155	50	100	10	0	10
Iranian languages	200	130	70	75	45	30
Kurdish	15	10	0	10	10	10
Pashto	15	15	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	175	105	70	65	45	20
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,780	920	860	580	330	245
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	30	10	15	20	10	10
Portuguese	140	70	70	330	215	115
Romanian	50	30	20	10	10	0
Spanish	1,560	800	760	220	100	125
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	195	75	125	10	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	785	350	435	305	150	150
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	35	10	30	15	15	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	10	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	30	10	25	0	10	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	10	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	230	120	115	210	80	135
American Sign Language	125	40	85	155	65	95
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	105	80	30	55	15	45
Sino-Tibetan languages	7,080	3,665	3,420	1,170	650	515
Chinese languages	7,035	3,635	3,400	1,160	650	515
Cantonese	4,545	2,340	2,205	690	380	315
Hakka	15	0	10	0	0	0
Mandarin	2,170	1,125	1,045	440	255	185
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	30	10	15	10	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	275	155	125	25	10	10
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	45	30	20	10	10	10
Burmese	10	10	10	0	0	0
Karenic languages	25	15	10	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	10	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	125	60	65	15	0	10
Lao	0	0	0	10	0	10
Thai	130	60	65	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	80	35	45	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	65	30	30	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	10	0	10	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0	0	0
Uralic languages	70	45	25	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	10	10	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	65	40	25	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	20,810	10,080	10,735	8,390	4,255	4,125
English and French	4,525	2,050	2,475	2,655	1,150	1,505
English and non-official language	15,935	7,860	8,075	5,680	3,085	2,590
French and non-official language	55	25	30	10	0	0
English, French and non-official language	295	140	155	45	20	30
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	2,467,410	1,314,320	1,153,095	710,835	370,255	340,575
None	2,370,575	1,264,955	1,105,620	662,595	346,710	315,885
English	13,805	6,540	7,270	8,550	3,690	4,855
French	23,920	11,380	12,545	13,320	5,825	7,495
Non-official language	57,640	30,700	26,935	25,960	13,815	12,145
Aboriginal	5,045	2,370	2,680	6,500	3,245	3,255
Non-Aboriginal	52,590	28,335	24,260	19,460	10,575	8,890
English and French	30	15	15	10	0	10
English and non-official language	215	105	110	65	45	20
French and non-official language	1,220	625	595	335	160	175
English, French and non-official language	0	10	0	10	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	3,925,440	1,971,515	1,953,920	1,225,480	606,585	618,895
Non-movers	3,318,340	1,667,060	1,651,280	1,064,380	527,020	537,360
Movers	607,095	304,450	302,640	161,100	79,570	81,535
Non-migrants	394,230	199,640	194,590	105,090	52,025	53,065
Migrants	212,865	104,815	108,050	56,010	27,545	28,465
Internal migrants	166,390	82,335	84,055	41,305	20,285	21,020
Intraprovincial migrants	120,105	59,845	60,260	30,395	14,720	15,675
Interprovincial migrants	46,280	22,490	23,795	10,915	5,565	5,345
External migrants	46,475	22,480	23,995	14,705	7,260	7,445
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	3,714,635	1,863,450	1,851,190	1,161,240	573,310	587,930
Non-movers	2,052,580	1,028,510	1,024,070	718,640	355,585	363,050
Movers	1,662,055	834,935	827,120	442,600	217,725	224,875
Non-migrants	899,165	454,700	444,465	261,015	128,560	132,455
Migrants	762,890	380,235	382,655	181,585	89,165	92,420
Internal migrants	559,860	280,255	279,610	117,135	56,880	60,260
Intraprovincial migrants	333,775	165,900	167,875	86,295	41,295	45,000
Interprovincial migrants	226,090	114,355	111,730	30,840	15,580	15,260
External migrants	203,025	99,980	103,045	64,445	32,285	32,165

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Return to footnote 181 referrer

Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Alberta [Province] and Manitoba [Province] (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 8, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Alberta [Province] and Manitoba [Province]

Census Profile, 2016 Census Alberta [Province] and Manitoba [Province]

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Alberta [Province] and Manitoba [Province]