Census Profile, 2016 Census
Alberta [Province] and Saskatchewan [Province]

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Alberta [Province]			Saskatchewan [Province]
	Data quality , Alberta [Province] Map : Alberta [Province] Change geography 1			Data quality : Saskatchewan [Province] Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	4,067,175	...	...	1,098,352	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	3,645,257	...	...	1,033,381	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	11.6	...	...	6.3	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	1,654,129	...	...	495,582	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	1,527,678	...	...	432,622	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	6.4	...	...	1.9	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	640,330.46	...	...	588,243.54	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	4,067,175	2,039,410	2,027,765	1,098,350	545,785	552,565
0 to 14 years	779,155	399,570	379,580	215,685	110,410	105,275
0 to 4 years	266,515	136,520	129,995	73,130	37,335	35,795
5 to 9 years	270,715	138,990	131,725	74,460	38,155	36,305
10 to 14 years	241,920	124,060	117,860	68,095	34,920	33,175
15 to 64 years	2,787,805	1,408,150	1,379,655	712,240	358,110	354,130
15 to 19 years	240,035	123,625	116,410	67,660	34,675	32,980
20 to 24 years	261,830	133,990	127,840	70,060	36,075	33,985
25 to 29 years	310,940	156,715	154,225	77,525	39,290	38,235
30 to 34 years	333,175	167,555	165,620	77,520	38,610	38,915
35 to 39 years	305,505	153,655	151,850	71,590	35,940	35,650
40 to 44 years	281,205	142,545	138,660	64,950	32,515	32,440
45 to 49 years	269,030	135,855	133,180	63,580	31,780	31,795
50 to 54 years	284,310	142,205	142,100	75,245	37,230	38,015
55 to 59 years	275,540	138,565	136,970	76,195	38,070	38,125
60 to 64 years	226,230	113,440	112,790	67,915	33,935	33,985
65 years and over	500,215	231,690	268,530	170,425	77,265	93,160
65 to 69 years	173,680	85,500	88,180	53,230	26,285	26,945
70 to 74 years	117,035	56,430	60,610	37,740	18,225	19,510
75 to 79 years	83,955	39,105	44,845	29,400	13,415	15,985
80 to 84 years	62,165	27,590	34,575	23,115	9,945	13,170
85 years and over	63,385	23,065	40,320	26,940	9,395	17,550
85 to 89 years	39,965	16,050	23,915	16,280	6,305	9,975
90 to 94 years	18,025	5,755	12,275	8,000	2,515	5,485
95 to 99 years	4,735	1,145	3,595	2,290	520	1,760
100 years and over	650	115	535	375	50	325
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	19.2	19.6	18.7	19.6	20.2	19.1
15 to 64 years	68.5	69.0	68.0	64.8	65.6	64.1
65 years and over	12.3	11.4	13.2	15.5	14.2	16.9
85 years and over	1.6	1.1	2.0	2.5	1.7	3.2
Average age of the population	37.8	37.2	38.4	39.1	38.2	40.0
Median age of the population	36.7	36.2	37.2	37.8	36.9	38.7
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	1,527,675	...	...	432,620	...	...
Single-detached house	946,225	...	...	314,340	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	62,395	...	...	10,520	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	471,090	...	...	98,435	...	...
Semi-detached house	86,765	...	...	12,705	...	...
Row house	116,625	...	...	18,535	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	43,090	...	...	9,385	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	223,360	...	...	57,115	...	...
Other single-attached house	1,245	...	...	700	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	47,970	...	...	9,325	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	1,527,675	...	...	432,625	...	...
1 person	366,080	...	...	121,175	...	...
2 persons	524,415	...	...	153,610	...	...
3 persons	245,075	...	...	60,240	...	...
4 persons	233,770	...	...	56,080	...	...
5 or more persons	158,335	...	...	41,520	...	...
Number of persons in private households	3,978,145	...	...	1,070,560	...	...
Average household size	2.6	...	...	2.5	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	3,288,020	1,639,835	1,648,185	882,670	435,375	447,290
Married or living common law	1,969,300	988,410	980,895	520,430	261,075	259,355
Married	1,648,945	828,155	820,790	437,875	219,800	218,075
Living common law	320,350	160,250	160,100	82,550	41,270	41,280
Not married and not living common law	1,318,720	651,430	667,290	362,240	174,310	187,930
Never married	905,700	505,310	400,390	242,070	133,750	108,325
Separated	76,150	34,000	42,150	19,795	8,945	10,855
Divorced	195,850	82,040	113,815	47,180	20,985	26,200
Widowed	141,020	30,080	110,940	53,190	10,635	42,555
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	1,114,585	...	...	302,260	...	...
2 persons	540,850	...	...	157,195	...	...
3 persons	235,245	...	...	58,770	...	...
4 persons	227,165	...	...	54,125	...	...
5 or more persons	111,330	...	...	32,170	...	...
Average size of census families	3.0	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	1,114,585	...	...	302,260	...	...
Total couple families	953,325	...	...	252,765	...	...
Married couples	793,195	...	...	211,500	...	...
Common-law couples	160,130	...	...	41,265	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	161,260	...	...	49,495	...	...
Female parent	123,490	...	...	38,165	...	...
Male parent	37,770	...	...	11,330	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	953,325	...	...	252,770	...	...
Couples without children	443,665	...	...	129,085	...	...
Couples with children	509,655	...	...	123,685	...	...
1 child	190,010	...	...	45,495	...	...
2 children	213,910	...	...	49,035	...	...
3 or more children	105,735	...	...	29,150	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	161,260	...	...	49,490	...	...
1 child	97,180	...	...	28,110	...	...
2 children	45,235	...	...	13,280	...	...
3 or more children	18,845	...	...	8,105	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	678,535	356,875	321,655	187,765	95,550	92,210
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	1,527,675	...	...	432,620	...	...
One-census-family households	1,039,985	...	...	285,675	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	414,570	...	...	124,620	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	625,415	...	...	161,055	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	36,120	...	...	7,975	...	...
Non-census-family households	451,570	...	...	138,965	...	...
One-person households	366,080	...	...	121,175	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	85,490	...	...	17,795	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	4,026,650	2,020,510	2,006,140	1,083,240	539,100	544,130
English only	3,698,765	1,869,670	1,829,095	1,023,400	511,940	511,460
French only	3,895	1,725	2,165	535	255	280
English and French	264,720	124,400	140,315	51,360	23,290	28,065
Neither English nor French	59,280	24,715	34,565	7,945	3,620	4,325
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	4,026,650	2,020,510	2,006,140	1,083,240	539,105	544,135
English	3,880,685	1,950,980	1,929,705	1,060,225	528,155	532,075
French	71,535	37,205	34,330	13,555	6,590	6,960
English and French	16,605	8,350	8,255	1,770	890	885
Neither English nor French	57,830	23,970	33,860	7,685	3,475	4,220
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	79,840	41,380	38,455	14,435	7,035	7,405
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	2.0	2.0	1.9	1.3	1.3	1.4
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	4,026,650	2,020,510	2,006,140	1,083,240	539,105	544,135
Single responses	3,934,580	1,975,615	1,958,970	1,064,675	530,145	534,530
Official languages	3,063,640	1,552,475	1,511,165	907,715	452,955	454,760
English	2,991,485	1,515,025	1,476,460	892,615	445,635	446,985
French	72,150	37,450	34,705	15,100	7,320	7,775
Non-official languages	870,940	423,140	447,805	156,960	77,195	79,770
Aboriginal languages	23,835	11,290	12,550	28,340	13,685	14,660
Algonquian languages	18,295	8,665	9,630	19,965	9,640	10,325
Blackfoot	2,750	1,305	1,445	10	5	5
Cree-Montagnais languages	14,960	7,105	7,850	19,015	9,190	9,825
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	5	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	10	0	5	5	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	5	0	0
Northern East Cree	50	15	35	30	15	10
Plains Cree	720	280	435	2,080	975	1,105
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	5	5	5
Swampy Cree	50	20	35	250	115	135
Woods Cree	910	430	480	780	370	410
Cree, n.o.s.	13,220	6,355	6,865	15,860	7,710	8,155
Eastern Algonquian languages	30	15	15	5	0	5
Malecite	0	5	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	35	20	15	5	5	5
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	550	235	315	935	445	490
Algonquin	5	0	5	0	0	0
Ojibway	525	230	300	925	440	485
Oji-Cree	15	5	15	10	5	5
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	5	0	0
Athabaskan languages	1,865	865	1,000	7,860	3,800	4,060
Northern Athabaskan languages	1,855	860	990	7,860	3,805	4,055
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	35	15	15	0	0	0
Carrier	15	0	15	0	0	0
Chilcotin	5	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	1,470	710	760	7,855	3,800	4,055
Dogrib (Tlicho)	40	10	30	0	0	0
Gwich'in	15	5	10	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	70	20	45	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	200	90	115	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	10	5	10	0	0	0
South Slavey	155	70	80	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	35	15	25	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	5	0	5	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	5	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	120	35	85	35	10	20
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	25	5	10	5	5	0
Inuktitut	60	20	45	20	10	15
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	35	10	30	10	0	5
Iroquoian languages	10	10	5	5	0	5
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	5	5	5	0	0	5
Oneida	0	5	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	0	0	0
Kutenai	5	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	80	45	35	235	110	125
Salish languages	15	5	10	5	5	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	5	5	0	5	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	5	0	0	5	0	0
Squamish	5	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	5	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0	0	0
Siouan languages	3,370	1,630	1,745	230	110	120
Dakota	350	165	185	195	85	105
Stoney	3,020	1,460	1,555	5	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	35	20	15
Tlingit	5	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	15	5	5	5	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	10	5	5	5	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	5	5	0
Wakashan languages	5	5	5	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	5	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	5	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	55	30	25	10	5	5
Non-Aboriginal languages	847,105	411,850	435,255	128,620	63,510	65,110
Afro-Asiatic languages	68,415	36,215	32,200	6,770	3,560	3,215
Berber languages	340	190	145	10	5	0
Kabyle	165	90	75	5	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	175	100	75	10	5	0
Cushitic languages	12,525	6,495	6,030	1,050	505	545
Bilen	315	185	130	55	25	30
Oromo	2,650	1,375	1,275	195	100	90
Somali	9,520	4,915	4,605	775	355	415
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	40	20	20	25	15	10
Semitic languages	55,425	29,450	25,980	5,685	3,035	2,650
Amharic	7,320	3,605	3,720	290	140	155
Arabic	40,540	21,840	18,705	4,040	2,200	1,840
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	400	210	190	305	160	145
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	145	80	65	150	75	75
Harari	260	135	120	5	0	0
Hebrew	960	505	460	75	45	30
Maltese	75	30	40	10	5	5
Tigrigna	5,415	2,880	2,535	680	340	340
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	305	155	145	130	65	60
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	130	80	50	25	15	5
Austro-Asiatic languages	25,295	11,760	13,535	2,560	1,250	1,305
Khmer (Cambodian)	1,925	910	1,010	135	70	70
Vietnamese	23,350	10,840	12,505	2,420	1,180	1,235
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	25	10	15	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	115,405	50,190	65,210	23,415	11,130	12,280
Bikol	425	205	225	85	40	40
Cebuano	5,135	2,155	2,980	1,545	685	855
Fijian	125	75	50	25	20	5
Hiligaynon	1,500	640	855	255	120	140
Ilocano	5,350	2,310	3,040	790	370	415
Malagasy	35	10	25	0	0	0
Malay	1,460	615	845	125	55	70
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	765	370	390	175	80	95
Pangasinan	290	115	175	40	15	25
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	99,035	43,120	55,920	20,045	9,590	10,455
Waray-Waray	305	145	160	60	30	35
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	980	430	550	265	125	140
Creole languages	1,895	990	910	220	105	120
Haitian Creole	95	45	50	5	0	5
Creole, n.o.s.	1,175	640	540	150	70	80
Creole languages, n.i.e.	625	305	325	65	30	35
Dravidian languages	13,490	7,075	6,415	1,560	865	700
Kannada	535	270	265	60	35	30
Malayalam	6,345	3,285	3,060	850	455	395
Tamil	4,430	2,360	2,070	350	200	150
Telugu	2,130	1,135	995	285	165	120
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	50	25	25	10	10	0
Hmong-Mien languages	105	55	45	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	442,685	220,330	222,355	73,170	36,230	36,930
Albanian	2,345	1,270	1,075	380	190	190
Armenian	500	250	245	70	40	30
Balto-Slavic languages	80,330	37,750	42,580	18,460	8,490	9,970
Baltic languages	1,010	475	535	175	85	90
Latvian	415	195	220	100	45	50
Lithuanian	600	285	315	75	40	35
Slavic languages	79,325	37,275	42,050	18,285	8,400	9,885
Belarusan	65	30	30	0	0	0
Bosnian	1,835	915	920	225	110	120
Bulgarian	1,545	790	755	65	35	30
Croatian	4,655	2,340	2,320	455	240	220
Czech	3,000	1,430	1,575	235	115	125
Macedonian	360	185	175	55	30	30
Polish	20,130	9,425	10,705	1,865	850	1,015
Russian	17,810	8,150	9,665	3,045	1,460	1,580
Serbian	4,020	2,035	1,985	465	235	225
Serbo-Croatian	970	480	485	120	60	65
Slovak	2,185	1,070	1,115	115	60	55
Slovene (Slovenian)	695	320	370	80	40	45
Ukrainian	21,835	9,985	11,850	11,270	5,035	6,230
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	215	120	100	290	145	145
Celtic languages	370	200	170	60	30	30
Scottish Gaelic	135	70	65	10	5	5
Welsh	175	85	80	30	10	15
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	65	40	25	25	10	5
Germanic languages	104,260	51,525	52,735	24,455	11,710	12,745
Afrikaans	3,010	1,475	1,535	880	450	430
Danish	2,380	1,245	1,135	255	145	110
Dutch	16,135	8,095	8,045	1,385	685	700
Frisian	360	200	160	30	20	10
German	80,050	39,435	40,615	21,320	10,150	11,170
Icelandic	115	55	60	55	20	25
Norwegian	815	370	445	310	140	165
Swedish	875	405	470	150	60	90
Vlaams (Flemish)	320	150	170	60	25	35
Yiddish	140	70	70	25	10	10
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	55	30	25	5	5	0
Greek	3,130	1,655	1,475	935	490	445
Indo-Iranian languages	166,805	85,250	81,560	22,335	12,065	10,270
Indo-Aryan languages	145,900	74,320	71,580	19,995	10,780	9,210
Bengali	7,000	3,630	3,370	2,795	1,495	1,300
Gujarati	13,140	6,785	6,355	2,510	1,420	1,090
Hindi	17,055	8,675	8,385	1,545	880	665
Kashmiri	105	60	50	20	10	10
Konkani	370	190	185	35	15	10
Marathi	1,510	775	730	140	80	55
Nepali	5,175	2,690	2,490	770	400	370
Oriya (Odia)	190	100	90	25	10	10
Punjabi (Panjabi)	68,695	34,935	33,760	5,250	2,890	2,360
Sindhi	2,770	1,300	1,475	120	65	55
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	2,590	1,320	1,265	270	130	135
Urdu	27,295	13,865	13,430	6,520	3,380	3,135
Iranian languages	19,600	10,235	9,365	2,065	1,130	940
Kurdish	1,550	845	705	145	80	65
Pashto	2,560	1,320	1,235	555	315	235
Persian (Farsi)	15,490	8,070	7,425	1,370	735	635
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	1,310	695	615	275	155	120
Italic (Romance) languages	84,940	42,425	42,515	6,470	3,225	3,250
Catalan	75	30	45	5	0	0
Italian	11,375	5,760	5,615	705	365	340
Portuguese	9,050	4,380	4,670	615	265	350
Romanian	8,035	4,080	3,955	850	425	430
Spanish	56,370	28,160	28,205	4,290	2,165	2,125
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	35	20	15	10	5	5
Japanese	4,875	1,715	3,160	320	100	220
Kartvelian languages	230	130	105	5	5	5
Georgian	230	130	100	5	0	5
Korean	17,920	8,485	9,435	1,670	800	865
Mongolic languages	545	255	290	40	20	25
Mongolian	540	255	290	40	20	25
Niger-Congo languages	15,360	7,870	7,495	2,310	1,235	1,075
Akan (Twi)	1,755	915	835	190	115	75
Bamanankan	35	20	15	0	0	5
Edo	275	155	120	35	20	15
Ewe	245	145	100	50	30	20
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	230	120	100	25	15	5
Ga	145	80	65	20	15	5
Ganda	280	145	135	35	15	20
Igbo	1,165	625	540	215	125	90
Lingala	270	130	140	30	20	15
Rundi (Kirundi)	605	305	295	145	85	65
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	805	405	400	115	55	60
Shona	1,100	545	555	90	55	40
Swahili	2,380	1,160	1,215	425	220	205
Wolof	280	165	110	20	10	10
Yoruba	2,435	1,305	1,125	465	240	220
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	3,370	1,640	1,735	430	220	215
Nilo-Saharan languages	2,720	1,395	1,330	335	195	140
Dinka	1,345	705	640	115	70	45
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	1,375	685	690	220	120	100
Sign languages	830	440	390	200	100	100
American Sign Language	335	165	165	65	35	35
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	495	275	225	135	70	65
Sino-Tibetan languages	122,450	57,740	64,705	13,500	6,700	6,795
Chinese languages	120,375	56,675	63,700	12,460	6,165	6,290
Cantonese	59,145	27,755	31,385	3,775	1,830	1,950
Hakka	990	465	530	35	20	15
Mandarin	50,660	23,940	26,720	7,230	3,600	3,630
Min Dong	115	50	65	5	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	3,060	1,375	1,695	210	110	100
Wu (Shanghainese)	630	305	330	60	35	25
Chinese, n.o.s.	5,725	2,770	2,955	1,135	570	565
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	40	15	25	5	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	2,075	1,065	1,005	1,040	530	505
Burmese	430	230	200	180	115	65
Karenic languages	795	415	380	810	395	415
Tibetan	575	295	275	15	5	10
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	275	130	140	35	20	20
Tai-Kadai languages	2,670	955	1,710	525	235	290
Lao	1,020	485	535	345	175	170
Thai	1,630	465	1,165	180	55	125
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	20	10	15	0	0	0
Turkic languages	4,050	2,250	1,800	360	185	175
Azerbaijani	365	215	155	25	10	10
Turkish	3,140	1,760	1,375	290	155	130
Uyghur	130	70	60	5	0	5
Uzbek	205	115	90	30	5	15
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	215	95	120	15	10	10
Uralic languages	7,470	3,600	3,870	1,555	735	820
Estonian	190	90	105	20	10	10
Finnish	810	330	480	205	85	120
Hungarian	6,470	3,185	3,285	1,330	650	685
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	690	415	280	100	55	45
Multiple responses	92,070	44,900	47,175	18,560	8,955	9,605
English and French	10,230	4,950	5,280	2,045	985	1,060
English and non-official language	77,520	37,815	39,705	15,925	7,675	8,245
French and non-official language	2,685	1,375	1,305	315	150	165
English, French and non-official language	1,640	760	880	280	145	135
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	4,026,655	2,020,510	2,006,145	1,083,240	539,100	544,130
Single responses	3,837,615	1,928,230	1,909,385	1,049,130	522,390	526,740
Official languages	3,354,885	1,690,490	1,664,395	968,625	481,845	486,780
English	3,327,255	1,676,360	1,650,895	964,640	479,915	484,730
French	27,630	14,130	13,500	3,985	1,930	2,050
Non-official languages	482,725	237,740	244,990	80,505	40,540	39,960
Aboriginal languages	9,970	4,940	5,020	16,605	8,355	8,245
Algonquian languages	7,175	3,575	3,605	10,145	5,185	4,960
Blackfoot	1,110	555	555	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	5,875	2,925	2,945	10,000	5,105	4,895
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	20	10	10	0	0	0
Plains Cree	125	60	60	1,195	580	610
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	5	0	5	95	40	55
Woods Cree	600	300	295	180	100	85
Cree, n.o.s.	5,120	2,540	2,575	8,525	4,380	4,145
Eastern Algonquian languages	5	5	5	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	5	5	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	190	95	95	140	75	65
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	185	90	95	145	80	70
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	620	320	300	6,360	3,130	3,235
Northern Athabaskan languages	620	325	300	6,365	3,130	3,230
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	10	5	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	540	280	260	6,360	3,130	3,230
Dogrib (Tlicho)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	5	0	5	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	5	5	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	60	35	30	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	55	30	25	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	10	0	10	5	0	5
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	5	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	5	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	10	5	5	45	20	25
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	2,125	1,025	1,095	50	25	20
Dakota	175	85	85	35	15	10
Stoney	1,945	935	1,010	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	5	10
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	25	15	10	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	472,760	232,800	239,965	63,905	32,185	31,720
Afro-Asiatic languages	43,770	22,535	21,235	4,625	2,340	2,290
Berber languages	200	105	95	0	0	0
Kabyle	90	45	40	5	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	105	60	45	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	9,220	4,750	4,470	720	335	380
Bilen	280	160	115	30	15	15
Oromo	2,075	1,060	1,015	140	75	70
Somali	6,850	3,520	3,325	530	245	290
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	15	5	5
Semitic languages	34,310	17,660	16,655	3,900	1,995	1,905
Amharic	4,915	2,390	2,530	150	75	70
Arabic	24,230	12,555	11,675	2,890	1,500	1,390
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	260	130	130	225	105	120
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	95	50	40	115	60	55
Harari	165	80	85	0	0	0
Hebrew	460	235	225	25	10	15
Maltese	15	10	10	0	0	0
Tigrigna	3,955	2,095	1,860	430	205	220
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	210	110	100	70	40	30
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	45	20	20	5	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	16,355	7,635	8,715	1,740	850	895
Khmer (Cambodian)	960	460	500	40	20	25
Vietnamese	15,380	7,175	8,205	1,700	830	865
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	15	0	10	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	60,860	28,765	32,100	12,515	6,210	6,300
Bikol	70	40	35	15	5	10
Cebuano	2,110	1,015	1,090	580	280	295
Fijian	45	25	20	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	470	215	255	110	60	50
Ilocano	1,975	935	1,035	240	115	120
Malagasy	20	10	10	0	0	0
Malay	405	205	195	35	20	15
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	220	110	110	70	35	35
Pangasinan	45	20	30	10	5	5
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	55,105	26,005	29,100	11,345	5,630	5,715
Waray-Waray	125	60	60	15	5	5
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	280	120	155	95	50	45
Creole languages	970	495	475	95	35	65
Haitian Creole	50	25	25	0	0	5
Creole, n.o.s.	655	345	310	65	25	40
Creole languages, n.i.e.	270	125	140	35	10	20
Dravidian languages	8,460	4,335	4,125	845	440	410
Kannada	210	105	105	20	10	10
Malayalam	4,060	2,070	1,990	525	265	260
Tamil	2,915	1,515	1,395	155	90	65
Telugu	1,245	635	615	145	75	70
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	30	10	15	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	70	35	35	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	230,270	115,280	114,995	31,235	15,915	15,325
Albanian	1,060	570	485	205	100	100
Armenian	215	115	105	45	25	20
Balto-Slavic languages	30,220	14,820	15,400	5,170	2,560	2,610
Baltic languages	410	210	200	80	35	45
Latvian	165	85	80	40	20	20
Lithuanian	250	125	120	40	15	25
Slavic languages	29,815	14,610	15,205	5,090	2,525	2,560
Belarusan	15	10	5	0	0	0
Bosnian	785	400	385	85	45	40
Bulgarian	825	415	405	35	20	15
Croatian	1,800	905	895	170	85	85
Czech	875	440	430	30	20	15
Macedonian	175	90	85	35	15	15
Polish	7,705	3,675	4,030	480	220	255
Russian	10,145	4,965	5,175	1,725	875	840
Serbian	2,100	1,045	1,055	270	140	130
Serbo-Croatian	315	160	155	45	20	25
Slovak	710	345	365	30	15	15
Slovene (Slovenian)	150	70	75	5	5	0
Ukrainian	4,180	2,060	2,110	2,010	985	1,025
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	55	30	25	170	80	90
Celtic languages	40	25	15	10	5	5
Scottish Gaelic	15	15	5	5	0	5
Welsh	15	5	5	5	0	5
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	0	5	0
Germanic languages	40,915	20,280	20,625	8,110	3,990	4,120
Afrikaans	1,705	835	875	530	275	250
Danish	150	75	75	10	5	0
Dutch	1,980	985	1,000	200	110	95
Frisian	60	30	30	5	0	0
German	36,295	18,010	18,290	7,290	3,565	3,725
Icelandic	30	15	15	0	0	0
Norwegian	60	20	35	10	5	10
Swedish	145	65	80	10	5	10
Vlaams (Flemish)	60	30	25	0	0	5
Yiddish	15	5	5	5	0	5
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	425	215	210	45	25	20
Greek	1,015	490	525	395	190	205
Indo-Iranian languages	111,975	56,535	55,445	14,385	7,560	6,825
Indo-Aryan languages	98,610	49,790	48,815	12,960	6,820	6,140
Bengali	4,530	2,300	2,225	1,915	980	930
Gujarati	8,025	4,085	3,935	1,585	865	720
Hindi	9,945	5,115	4,825	880	490	390
Kashmiri	50	20	25	5	0	0
Konkani	75	40	40	10	5	5
Marathi	845	440	405	55	30	30
Nepali	3,710	1,905	1,805	570	290	275
Oriya (Odia)	95	50	45	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	51,010	25,720	25,295	3,485	1,885	1,605
Sindhi	1,240	575	665	55	25	25
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	1,480	750	730	140	70	70
Urdu	17,600	8,795	8,810	4,265	2,180	2,080
Iranian languages	12,720	6,415	6,305	1,280	660	615
Kurdish	850	440	410	65	40	30
Pashto	1,640	845	795	345	185	160
Persian (Farsi)	10,230	5,135	5,100	865	435	430
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	650	325	325	150	80	65
Italic (Romance) languages	44,830	22,445	22,385	2,920	1,480	1,435
Catalan	35	10	20	0	0	0
Italian	2,840	1,275	1,560	155	80	75
Portuguese	3,905	1,875	2,030	220	100	115
Romanian	4,135	2,115	2,020	315	165	150
Spanish	33,910	17,160	16,755	2,220	1,130	1,085
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	10	0	5
Japanese	2,245	945	1,300	120	45	75
Kartvelian languages	160	85	70	0	0	0
Georgian	160	85	70	0	0	0
Korean	12,775	6,205	6,570	1,180	590	595
Mongolic languages	335	160	175	25	10	10
Mongolian	335	155	175	25	10	10
Niger-Congo languages	5,600	2,725	2,875	735	350	380
Akan (Twi)	845	415	430	55	30	25
Bamanankan	10	10	0	0	0	0
Edo	70	35	35	10	0	5
Ewe	80	45	35	5	5	5
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	105	55	45	20	10	10
Ga	40	20	20	0	0	0
Ganda	95	50	50	10	5	5
Igbo	265	125	145	40	15	20
Lingala	85	35	45	15	10	10
Rundi (Kirundi)	280	135	145	85	45	40
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	350	175	170	35	15	25
Shona	410	190	225	35	25	15
Swahili	1,090	530	565	200	90	110
Wolof	170	95	75	0	5	0
Yoruba	690	340	350	115	55	55
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	1,015	485	535	100	45	55
Nilo-Saharan languages	1,525	765	755	135	65	70
Dinka	800	420	380	65	30	30
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	725	350	375	70	35	40
Sign languages	1,095	630	465	285	175	105
American Sign Language	325	170	155	50	30	20
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	765	455	310	230	150	85
Sino-Tibetan languages	82,380	39,230	43,155	9,700	4,835	4,865
Chinese languages	80,880	38,455	42,420	8,925	4,450	4,475
Cantonese	38,275	17,810	20,460	2,400	1,140	1,265
Hakka	315	135	185	5	0	0
Mandarin	37,125	18,030	19,095	5,645	2,865	2,780
Min Dong	20	5	10	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	1,245	540	705	80	45	35
Wu (Shanghainese)	340	175	165	30	15	15
Chinese, n.o.s.	3,550	1,760	1,785	760	385	380
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0	0	5
Tibeto-Burman languages	1,500	770	730	775	380	395
Burmese	280	145	130	115	65	55
Karenic languages	665	340	320	640	310	335
Tibetan	420	220	200	10	0	5
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	140	65	75	5	5	5
Tai-Kadai languages	1,130	505	625	190	85	105
Lao	465	215	245	125	60	60
Thai	655	285	370	70	25	45
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	10	5	10	0	0	0
Turkic languages	2,390	1,270	1,120	195	100	95
Azerbaijani	155	90	75	5	5	5
Turkish	1,945	1,030	915	170	90	85
Uyghur	80	45	40	0	0	0
Uzbek	135	70	65	10	5	10
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	70	35	25	5	0	5
Uralic languages	2,130	1,040	1,085	240	125	120
Estonian	25	10	15	10	0	5
Finnish	105	50	50	15	10	5
Hungarian	1,995	980	1,015	215	110	105
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	240	140	95	45	25	20
Multiple responses	189,040	92,280	96,760	34,110	16,720	17,395
English and French	6,885	3,410	3,475	1,210	575	635
English and non-official language	178,070	86,895	91,170	32,250	15,810	16,435
French and non-official language	1,125	540	580	150	85	70
English, French and non-official language	2,965	1,430	1,530	495	250	250
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	4,026,650	2,020,510	2,006,140	1,083,235	539,100	544,130
None	3,492,295	1,760,240	1,732,055	983,935	490,490	493,450
English	221,305	110,655	110,650	41,920	21,045	20,875
French	41,840	19,470	22,375	9,340	4,085	5,255
Non-official language	262,255	125,640	136,615	46,495	22,705	23,785
Aboriginal	17,430	8,325	9,105	13,490	6,445	7,050
Non-Aboriginal	244,825	117,315	127,510	33,005	16,265	16,740
English and French	1,535	775	760	170	85	85
English and non-official language	4,545	2,345	2,195	860	440	420
French and non-official language	2,795	1,340	1,455	495	245	255
English, French and non-official language	85	50	40	20	5	10
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	3,206,050	1,602,690	1,603,360	857,270	424,245	433,025
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	3,053,470	1,528,275	1,525,190	822,620	407,715	414,905
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	42,717	54,891	33,213	38,299	46,117	31,978
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	3,054,135	1,528,420	1,525,715	822,745	407,730	415,015
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	38,067	47,131	30,478	34,570	40,492	29,564
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	2,839,590	1,458,560	1,381,030	750,515	378,290	372,225
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	42,330	54,528	32,099	36,883	45,587	29,314
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	1,785,065	711,210	1,073,855	550,165	236,760	313,405
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	4,093	3,834	4,185	5,340	4,200	5,870
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	2,473,665	1,301,630	1,172,030	636,955	331,975	304,970
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	42,679	54,361	32,982	36,612	44,551	30,027
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	3,206,045	1,602,810	1,603,235	857,300	424,265	433,030
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	3,054,555	1,528,100	1,526,455	822,545	407,840	414,705
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	62,778	80,001	45,535	49,409	58,791	40,184
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	3,055,230	1,528,240	1,526,995	822,655	407,855	414,800
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	50,683	62,938	38,417	40,933	47,453	34,523
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	2,840,675	1,458,210	1,382,465	750,475	378,445	372,035
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	62,997	80,282	44,766	48,491	58,779	38,026
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	1,784,345	710,105	1,074,240	549,500	236,590	312,910
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,175	7,298	7,093	7,734	7,322	8,045
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	2,473,665	1,299,805	1,173,855	636,950	331,745	305,205
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	59,343	74,073	43,031	46,853	55,728	37,207
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	3,206,050	1,602,810	1,603,240	857,295	424,260	433,030
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	1,152,385	669,770	482,615	302,780	173,250	129,525
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	64,090	73,781	53,836	55,368	62,070	48,579
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	81,586	94,822	63,218	64,855	72,366	54,808
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	93.3	95.8	89.1	89.5	92.8	84.8
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	76.5	78.9	72.3	73.2	76.8	68.0
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	6.7	4.2	10.9	10.5	7.2	15.2
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	3,206,050	1,602,690	1,603,360	857,270	424,245	433,025
Without total income	152,585	74,410	78,170	34,645	16,530	18,120
With total income	3,053,470	1,528,280	1,525,190	822,620	407,715	414,905
Percentage with total income	95.2	95.4	95.1	96.0	96.1	95.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	389,580	146,450	243,130	105,780	47,325	58,455
$10,000 to $19,999	385,235	147,125	238,110	118,380	46,195	72,180
$20,000 to $29,999	364,915	142,810	222,105	107,890	42,345	65,545
$30,000 to $39,999	305,680	131,185	174,490	95,605	41,315	54,295
$40,000 to $49,999	286,615	133,715	152,900	89,285	42,260	47,025
$50,000 to $59,999	247,830	124,720	123,115	70,395	36,950	33,450
$60,000 to $69,999	205,840	114,405	91,430	53,855	31,055	22,795
$70,000 to $79,999	165,640	99,645	65,995	41,930	25,290	16,645
$80,000 to $89,999	132,720	82,700	50,020	34,305	20,750	13,560
$90,000 to $99,999	114,010	70,655	43,350	26,165	16,100	10,060
$100,000 and over	455,410	334,865	120,550	79,030	58,125	20,905
$100,000 to $149,999	274,185	191,710	82,475	56,160	40,025	16,140
$150,000 and over	181,225	143,150	38,075	22,870	18,100	4,770
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	3,206,050	1,602,690	1,603,365	857,270	424,245	433,025
Without after-tax income	151,915	74,270	77,645	34,520	16,515	18,010
With after-tax income	3,054,135	1,528,420	1,525,715	822,745	407,730	415,015
Percentage with after-tax income	95.3	95.4	95.2	96.0	96.1	95.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	399,005	149,280	249,725	108,310	48,150	60,160
$10,000 to $19,999	402,780	154,330	248,450	123,690	48,420	75,275
$20,000 to $29,999	420,955	166,650	254,300	125,285	50,160	75,125
$30,000 to $39,999	377,590	169,665	207,925	119,460	54,365	65,100
$40,000 to $49,999	347,960	172,595	175,365	103,250	52,900	50,350
$50,000 to $59,999	276,970	153,985	122,985	73,855	42,315	31,540
$60,000 to $69,999	208,265	127,045	81,220	53,925	32,645	21,280
$70,000 to $79,999	160,580	100,970	59,610	38,615	23,385	15,235
$80,000 and over	460,030	333,895	126,140	76,345	55,395	20,950
$80,000 to $89,999	121,015	78,400	42,620	24,935	16,370	8,560
$90,000 to $99,999	82,020	57,375	24,645	16,260	11,815	4,445
$100,000 and over	257,000	198,120	58,875	35,155	27,210	7,945
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	3,206,050	1,602,690	1,603,360	857,270	424,245	433,025
Without employment income	732,385	301,060	431,330	220,320	92,270	128,055
With employment income	2,473,665	1,301,630	1,172,035	636,950	331,980	304,970
Percentage with employment income	77.2	81.2	73.1	74.3	78.3	70.4
Under $5,000 (including loss)	273,835	122,830	151,005	82,210	38,805	43,410
$5,000 to $9,999	164,095	68,100	95,990	46,620	20,310	26,310
$10,000 to $19,999	274,105	113,680	160,430	77,480	33,900	43,575
$20,000 to $29,999	235,620	96,855	138,760	68,175	29,285	38,885
$30,000 to $39,999	227,450	100,650	126,805	66,120	29,825	36,295
$40,000 to $49,999	219,155	103,680	115,475	61,800	29,930	31,870
$50,000 to $59,999	195,145	99,285	95,860	51,075	27,565	23,510
$60,000 to $69,999	163,465	92,950	70,515	39,805	23,605	16,195
$70,000 to $79,999	135,150	83,240	51,910	32,265	20,015	12,255
$80,000 and over	585,640	420,365	165,280	111,405	78,745	32,665
$80,000 to $89,999	111,045	71,210	39,835	28,240	17,220	11,020
$90,000 to $99,999	99,785	62,305	37,480	21,415	13,645	7,770
$100,000 and over	374,815	286,855	87,960	61,750	47,885	13,870
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	1,527,680	...	...	432,625	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	93,835	...	...	75,412	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	80,300	...	...	65,784	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	366,080	...	...	121,175	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	47,948	...	...	38,188	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	41,502	...	...	34,099	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	1,161,600	...	...	311,450	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	111,435	...	...	94,530	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	94,830	...	...	81,696	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	1,527,675	...	...	432,620	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	125,522	...	...	93,942	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	101,361	...	...	77,837	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	365,000	...	...	121,040	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	64,341	...	...	48,880	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	52,116	...	...	40,555	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	1,162,675	...	...	311,580	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	144,729	...	...	111,447	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	116,821	...	...	92,320	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	1,527,680	...	...	432,625	...	...
Under $5,000	21,660	...	...	6,930	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	13,555	...	...	4,575	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	18,070	...	...	7,675	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	33,045	...	...	18,025	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	51,505	...	...	18,845	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	38,615	...	...	14,875	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	42,580	...	...	17,700	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	46,630	...	...	17,410	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	46,520	...	...	17,345	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	46,825	...	...	16,525	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	95,425	...	...	31,595	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	95,340	...	...	29,700	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	92,345	...	...	27,605	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	88,775	...	...	25,810	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	84,570	...	...	23,280	...	...
$100,000 and over	712,215	...	...	154,720	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	184,595	...	...	48,375	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	142,910	...	...	35,320	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	181,960	...	...	40,875	...	...
$200,000 and over	202,745	...	...	30,160	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	1,527,680	...	...	432,625	...	...
Under $5,000	23,395	...	...	7,355	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	13,860	...	...	4,680	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	18,600	...	...	7,860	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	34,540	...	...	18,625	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	55,010	...	...	20,275	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	44,170	...	...	17,325	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	50,280	...	...	20,700	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	55,645	...	...	20,990	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	57,695	...	...	20,395	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	59,195	...	...	19,790	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	119,200	...	...	37,680	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	116,250	...	...	35,255	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	112,675	...	...	32,575	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	106,235	...	...	28,995	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	95,600	...	...	25,545	...	...
$100,000 and over	565,335	...	...	114,570	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	192,795	...	...	47,890	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	132,240	...	...	29,680	...	...
$150,000 and over	240,305	...	...	36,995	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	1,099,900	...	...	299,345	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	109,997	...	...	93,747	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	93,588	...	...	81,065	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.1	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	407,300	...	...	122,845	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	101,283	...	...	87,865	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	86,043	...	...	75,765	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	511,375	...	...	124,285	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	133,186	...	...	119,530	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	111,951	...	...	101,656	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	4.1	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	146,045	...	...	44,110	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	62,909	...	...	50,749	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	57,079	...	...	47,776	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	1,101,485	...	...	299,455	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	144,493	...	...	111,031	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	116,343	...	...	91,825	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	408,625	...	...	123,045	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	137,805	...	...	104,889	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	110,236	...	...	86,074	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	512,615	...	...	124,275	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	169,354	...	...	135,718	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	135,623	...	...	111,601	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	145,115	...	...	44,125	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	80,406	...	...	62,208	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	68,470	...	...	54,678	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	577,475	308,835	268,640	161,805	82,400	79,405
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	42,598	47,903	37,344	35,875	40,000	32,247
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	37,648	41,340	33,785	32,415	35,306	29,777
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	573,385	306,195	267,190	161,560	82,510	79,050
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	56,856	63,468	49,280	45,756	49,739	41,598
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	46,559	50,990	41,481	38,229	40,766	35,581
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	3,978,150	1,998,500	1,979,650	1,070,555	533,385	537,175
In the bottom half of the distribution	1,527,695	739,210	788,485	506,055	243,040	263,010
In the bottom decile	293,490	143,880	149,605	111,770	55,530	56,245
In the second decile	278,635	128,055	150,575	104,900	46,610	58,285
In the third decile	297,695	142,090	155,605	94,035	44,535	49,500
In the fourth decile	315,570	154,815	160,760	96,045	47,015	49,030
In the fifth decile	342,305	170,375	171,935	99,300	49,350	49,950
In the top half of the distribution	2,450,450	1,259,285	1,191,160	564,505	290,345	274,160
In the sixth decile	366,250	183,860	182,390	104,200	52,705	51,495
In the seventh decile	397,275	201,465	195,810	109,400	55,670	53,725
In the eighth decile	443,585	227,385	216,200	115,215	59,255	55,965
In the ninth decile	522,545	268,995	253,555	121,965	62,875	59,085
In the top decile	720,795	377,585	343,215	113,730	59,840	53,885
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	3,925,220	1,971,735	1,953,485	1,014,605	505,225	509,380
0 to 17 years	893,255	458,330	434,925	230,205	117,925	112,275
0 to 5 years	310,080	158,825	151,260	79,345	40,700	38,645
18 to 64 years	2,580,730	1,298,440	1,282,295	631,280	316,125	315,155
65 years and over	451,235	214,965	236,265	153,120	71,180	81,950
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	363,890	171,945	191,940	130,220	60,375	69,845
0 to 17 years	114,215	58,665	55,555	41,010	20,960	20,050
0 to 5 years	41,755	21,350	20,400	15,420	7,850	7,575
18 to 64 years	210,870	98,415	112,455	67,080	31,315	35,765
65 years and over	38,800	14,875	23,925	22,130	8,100	14,025
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	9.3	8.7	9.8	12.8	12.0	13.7
0 to 17 years (%)	12.8	12.8	12.8	17.8	17.8	17.9
0 to 5 years (%)	13.5	13.4	13.5	19.4	19.3	19.6
18 to 64 years (%)	8.2	7.6	8.8	10.6	9.9	11.3
65 years and over (%)	8.6	6.9	10.1	14.5	11.4	17.1
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	273,515	134,180	139,335	59,440	29,890	29,545
0 to 17 years	76,930	39,385	37,550	17,870	9,140	8,735
0 to 5 years	28,190	14,420	13,770	7,005	3,540	3,465
18 to 64 years	181,805	88,715	93,095	38,775	19,470	19,305
65 years and over	14,780	6,085	8,695	2,795	1,280	1,510
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	7.0	6.8	7.1	5.9	5.9	5.8
0 to 17 years (%)	8.6	8.6	8.6	7.8	7.8	7.8
0 to 5 years (%)	9.1	9.1	9.1	8.8	8.7	9.0
18 to 64 years (%)	7.0	6.8	7.3	6.1	6.2	6.1
65 years and over (%)	3.3	2.8	3.7	1.8	1.8	1.8
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	3,978,145	1,998,500	1,979,645	1,070,560	533,385	537,175
Official languages	3,920,530	1,974,435	1,946,095	1,062,885	529,920	532,965
English	3,916,805	1,972,800	1,944,005	1,062,275	529,630	532,645
French	264,600	123,940	140,660	51,325	23,600	27,725
Non-official languages	1,082,425	527,770	554,655	187,450	91,805	95,645
Aboriginal languages	36,465	17,415	19,045	38,110	18,390	19,720
Algonquian languages	29,675	14,120	15,555	28,270	13,675	14,590
Blackfoot	5,575	2,665	2,905	10	10	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	23,465	11,155	12,310	27,065	13,115	13,950
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	25	0	15	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	90	20	70	40	30	15
Plains Cree	1,580	620	965	3,665	1,770	1,900
Southern East Cree	10	10	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	45	25	25	470	185	285
Woods Cree	1,135	525	610	1,260	570	695
Cree, n.o.s.	20,665	9,990	10,675	21,870	10,695	11,175
Eastern Algonquian languages	35	15	15	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	35	15	15	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	955	425	530	1,310	620	695
Algonquin	10	10	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	925	415	505	1,300	610	690
Oji-Cree	20	10	15	10	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	10	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	2,640	1,255	1,385	9,120	4,350	4,770
Northern Athabaskan languages	2,630	1,250	1,380	9,105	4,345	4,760
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	10	0	0	0	0
Beaver	85	50	35	0	0	0
Carrier	45	10	35	0	0	0
Chilcotin	20	15	10	0	0	0
Dene	2,010	975	1,035	9,105	4,350	4,755
Dogrib (Tlicho)	75	30	45	0	0	0
Gwich'in	10	0	10	10	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	150	65	85	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	285	140	145	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	25	15	10	0	0	0
South Slavey	190	90	100	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	75	35	45	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	10	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	10	0	10	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	10	0	10
Haida	10	0	10	10	0	10
Inuit languages	135	50	80	10	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	35	10	25	0	0	0
Inuktitut	60	20	35	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	40	25	20	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	40	25	10	10	10	10
Cayuga	0	10	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	35	25	0	10	0	10
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	10	10	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	145	75	70	505	240	260
Salish languages	50	25	25	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	10	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	15	10	10	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	10	0	10	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	10	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	10	0	10	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	4,050	2,005	2,045	510	255	250
Dakota	530	285	245	415	205	210
Stoney	3,650	1,790	1,855	10	10	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	90	50	45
Tlingit	10	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	35	15	15	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	20	10	10	0	0	0
Nisga'a	15	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	10	10	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	10	10	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	30	15	15	30	15	20
Non-Aboriginal languages	1,046,245	510,495	535,750	149,475	73,470	76,000
Afro-Asiatic languages	96,210	50,675	45,535	8,595	4,585	4,015
Berber languages	540	335	205	40	35	0
Kabyle	225	125	90	10	10	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	315	210	110	30	25	0
Cushitic languages	15,445	8,055	7,385	1,305	620	690
Bilen	370	235	135	85	40	45
Oromo	3,125	1,625	1,500	160	70	90
Somali	12,030	6,240	5,795	1,090	520	570
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	55	20	40	0	0	0
Semitic languages	82,200	43,405	38,800	7,500	4,075	3,425
Amharic	10,870	5,595	5,275	545	255	290
Arabic	62,730	33,365	29,370	5,605	3,165	2,435
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	430	225	210	505	240	265
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	150	70	75	195	95	100
Harari	340	150	185	0	0	0
Hebrew	3,250	1,650	1,600	470	245	230
Maltese	145	85	55	0	0	0
Tigrigna	7,315	3,915	3,400	705	350	355
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	450	250	205	245	120	125
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	375	225	145	70	35	30
Austro-Asiatic languages	32,730	15,440	17,290	3,315	1,685	1,635
Khmer (Cambodian)	2,700	1,375	1,330	210	105	105
Vietnamese	30,150	14,130	16,015	3,105	1,580	1,525
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	145,745	63,615	82,130	29,705	14,065	15,640
Bikol	330	150	180	90	30	55
Cebuano	6,690	2,940	3,750	2,115	945	1,170
Fijian	340	195	145	20	10	10
Hiligaynon	1,760	745	1,020	285	130	150
Ilocano	7,370	3,160	4,215	785	365	415
Malagasy	80	40	40	10	0	0
Malay	3,040	1,435	1,610	215	95	115
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	1,185	565	625	265	130	135
Pangasinan	445	190	250	45	25	20
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	138,440	60,115	78,325	28,655	13,575	15,080
Waray-Waray	420	170	245	35	25	10
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	1,160	505	650	300	145	155
Creole languages	4,585	2,390	2,195	495	230	270
Haitian Creole	255	140	115	10	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	2,675	1,425	1,250	240	95	145
Creole languages, n.i.e.	1,680	840	850	250	125	120
Dravidian languages	18,190	9,660	8,525	2,190	1,205	980
Kannada	1,035	520	515	115	65	55
Malayalam	8,150	4,255	3,900	1,170	625	540
Tamil	7,195	3,900	3,295	635	345	290
Telugu	2,910	1,560	1,345	435	270	165
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	150	80	70	15	0	15
Hmong-Mien languages	115	55	55	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	550,490	274,510	275,980	81,985	40,685	41,300
Albanian	2,880	1,550	1,325	560	275	285
Armenian	530	255	275	115	65	45
Balto-Slavic languages	93,150	44,750	48,395	20,395	9,470	10,925
Baltic languages	1,360	660	705	225	120	110
Latvian	590	300	290	135	60	70
Lithuanian	775	360	415	95	60	35
Slavic languages	92,300	44,340	47,960	20,265	9,400	10,860
Belarusan	200	95	105	20	0	15
Bosnian	2,880	1,450	1,435	325	155	165
Bulgarian	1,795	945	850	75	40	35
Croatian	6,280	3,260	3,025	605	355	250
Czech	3,590	1,650	1,940	300	155	150
Macedonian	535	270	265	65	35	35
Polish	23,650	11,455	12,195	2,185	1,040	1,145
Russian	27,375	13,195	14,175	5,275	2,585	2,690
Serbian	5,355	2,630	2,730	790	410	385
Serbo-Croatian	1,095	550	540	80	30	50
Slovak	2,780	1,495	1,285	125	85	40
Slovene (Slovenian)	735	360	375	105	50	50
Ukrainian	26,600	11,980	14,620	13,090	5,770	7,325
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	250	120	130	345	205	140
Celtic languages	1,180	615	560	165	105	65
Scottish Gaelic	440	215	225	55	35	25
Welsh	315	180	130	50	30	20
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	450	220	225	70	45	20
Germanic languages	112,670	56,325	56,345	21,275	10,435	10,840
Afrikaans	5,165	2,655	2,515	1,455	750	705
Danish	2,800	1,360	1,440	320	195	125
Dutch	19,480	9,595	9,890	1,510	720	790
Frisian	475	275	205	25	15	15
German	83,010	41,905	41,105	17,390	8,525	8,870
Icelandic	160	70	95	70	40	30
Norwegian	1,450	635	810	415	180	235
Swedish	1,635	800	835	230	95	130
Vlaams (Flemish)	380	170	215	80	25	50
Yiddish	250	130	115	75	35	30
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	2,115	1,095	1,015	265	135	125
Greek	4,935	2,535	2,400	1,470	725	745
Indo-Iranian languages	206,725	106,045	100,675	27,395	14,650	12,740
Indo-Aryan languages	186,005	95,045	90,960	25,355	13,530	11,825
Bengali	8,530	4,385	4,140	3,520	1,895	1,620
Gujarati	18,005	8,945	9,055	3,320	1,760	1,555
Hindi	61,290	31,900	29,385	8,040	4,480	3,560
Kashmiri	125	80	45	40	25	20
Konkani	625	300	320	40	30	15
Marathi	2,575	1,385	1,195	185	120	70
Nepali	5,510	3,000	2,510	835	435	400
Oriya (Odia)	255	135	120	25	15	10
Punjabi (Panjabi)	90,485	46,350	44,135	8,300	4,635	3,665
Sindhi	4,595	2,065	2,530	180	105	75
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	3,800	1,925	1,875	355	205	150
Urdu	41,235	21,245	20,000	9,455	4,815	4,635
Iranian languages	22,140	11,665	10,475	2,285	1,240	1,040
Kurdish	1,930	1,100	825	145	90	60
Pashto	3,330	1,795	1,530	555	315	240
Persian (Farsi)	17,600	9,220	8,375	1,630	870	760
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	1,760	960	805	275	135	140
Italic (Romance) languages	142,340	69,885	72,450	12,660	6,085	6,570
Catalan	170	95	80	0	10	0
Italian	19,900	9,875	10,020	1,360	670	690
Portuguese	12,670	6,255	6,415	885	380	505
Romanian	9,915	5,185	4,735	1,105	525	575
Spanish	104,445	50,960	53,490	9,605	4,635	4,965
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	250	130	125	40	30	10
Japanese	9,215	4,115	5,100	1,205	540	665
Kartvelian languages	225	130	100	15	0	15
Georgian	230	130	100	15	0	10
Korean	19,950	9,405	10,545	1,930	850	1,080
Mongolic languages	800	375	430	55	20	30
Mongolian	800	370	430	60	25	30
Niger-Congo languages	29,430	14,980	14,450	4,125	2,245	1,885
Akan (Twi)	2,925	1,505	1,420	355	185	170
Bamanankan	60	30	30	0	0	10
Edo	620	325	290	20	0	20
Ewe	335	170	165	100	45	55
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	300	165	135	60	45	15
Ga	345	190	155	45	25	15
Ganda	610	305	305	20	10	10
Igbo	2,550	1,345	1,210	625	325	300
Lingala	1,240	640	605	140	70	65
Rundi (Kirundi)	830	420	410	280	150	130
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	1,155	605	550	125	65	55
Shona	1,810	850	960	150	90	55
Swahili	6,700	3,470	3,235	950	570	380
Wolof	600	365	235	40	25	15
Yoruba	5,930	3,035	2,890	965	470	495
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	6,585	3,265	3,320	815	480	335
Nilo-Saharan languages	3,070	1,495	1,575	300	150	145
Dinka	1,655	825	825	100	65	40
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	1,425	675	750	195	90	105
Sign languages	5,910	2,350	3,555	1,565	585	985
American Sign Language	3,085	1,130	1,955	650	215	435
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	10	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	2,855	1,230	1,625	915	365	545
Sino-Tibetan languages	141,860	67,945	73,915	14,580	7,115	7,470
Chinese languages	139,385	66,700	72,685	13,630	6,625	7,005
Cantonese	74,770	35,490	39,280	4,675	2,245	2,435
Hakka	1,180	515	660	30	10	20
Mandarin	70,510	33,310	37,195	8,995	4,335	4,660
Min Dong	85	50	40	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	4,140	1,765	2,380	260	125	135
Wu (Shanghainese)	855	380	470	45	20	30
Chinese, n.o.s.	6,335	3,160	3,175	1,245	620	630
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	55	25	35	10	0	10
Tibeto-Burman languages	2,590	1,290	1,300	960	495	460
Burmese	605	305	295	315	185	130
Karenic languages	805	415	390	635	310	325
Tibetan	860	430	430	30	15	10
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	445	215	235	70	25	40
Tai-Kadai languages	3,705	1,510	2,195	635	245	385
Lao	1,520	730	795	410	170	240
Thai	2,400	850	1,545	275	105	170
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	45	25	25	0	0	0
Turkic languages	5,795	3,180	2,625	640	365	285
Azerbaijani	630	325	300	25	20	10
Turkish	4,255	2,420	1,835	530	310	220
Uyghur	290	135	155	0	0	0
Uzbek	425	200	225	60	25	35
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	355	170	180	25	10	15
Uralic languages	8,895	4,315	4,575	1,765	850	915
Estonian	185	85	105	20	15	10
Finnish	1,045	455	590	360	170	190
Hungarian	7,660	3,770	3,890	1,385	670	715
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	1,820	1,025	790	340	210	135
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	3,978,145	1,998,495	1,979,645	1,070,555	533,385	537,175
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	3,622,740	1,825,135	1,797,600	998,035	496,635	501,395
Canadian citizens aged under 18	854,815	439,065	415,755	237,720	121,535	116,185
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	2,767,920	1,386,070	1,381,850	760,310	375,105	385,210
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	355,410	173,365	182,045	72,525	36,750	35,780
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	3,978,145	1,998,495	1,979,650	1,070,560	533,385	537,170
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	3,062,775	1,550,445	1,512,335	945,810	470,790	475,025
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	845,220	412,320	432,895	112,490	55,800	56,690
Before 1981	163,460	81,620	81,840	16,650	8,190	8,465
1981 to 1990	86,350	41,690	44,660	5,545	2,670	2,875
1991 to 2000	131,560	62,930	68,630	9,315	4,645	4,665
2001 to 2010	256,055	125,235	130,820	33,045	16,410	16,635
2001 to 2005	109,145	53,425	55,720	8,670	4,165	4,505
2006 to 2010	146,910	71,810	75,100	24,370	12,245	12,130
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	207,790	100,845	106,945	47,935	23,880	24,055
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	70,155	35,735	34,420	12,255	6,800	5,455
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	845,220	412,320	432,895	112,495	55,795	56,695
Under 5 years	82,175	42,200	39,975	12,060	6,100	5,965
5 to 14 years	149,815	77,820	71,995	21,295	11,015	10,280
15 to 24 years	168,965	78,215	90,755	19,295	8,990	10,305
25 to 44 years	372,805	180,265	192,535	50,945	25,060	25,890
45 years and over	71,450	33,820	37,630	8,895	4,635	4,260
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	845,215	412,325	432,895	112,490	55,800	56,690
Americas	103,540	49,345	54,190	10,765	5,010	5,760
Brazil	2,545	1,100	1,440	185	65	120
Colombia	9,535	4,570	4,960	555	275	280
El Salvador	7,255	3,725	3,530	630	290	340
Guyana	2,555	1,200	1,355	155	75	85
Haiti	1,270	675	600	65	45	20
Jamaica	6,845	3,170	3,680	815	425	395
Mexico	15,665	7,860	7,805	1,330	665	665
Peru	1,920	780	1,140	165	60	100
Trinidad and Tobago	3,415	1,670	1,750	210	105	110
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	30,460	13,675	16,785	4,845	2,045	2,800
Other places of birth in Americas	22,075	10,925	11,150	1,805	955	845
Europe	189,770	95,355	94,415	23,640	11,900	11,740
Bosnia and Herzegovina	4,555	2,325	2,230	455	215	245
Croatia	3,080	1,615	1,465	445	280	165
France	2,535	1,215	1,320	215	90	125
Germany	19,205	9,485	9,715	2,575	1,280	1,295
Greece	2,005	1,115	890	605	325	280
Hungary	3,665	1,880	1,785	395	215	180
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	3,935	2,100	1,835	845	490	355
Italy	8,110	4,370	3,745	570	305	265
Netherlands	14,035	7,420	6,610	1,220	585	635
Poland	16,925	8,045	8,880	1,395	690	705
Portugal	4,050	1,985	2,070	220	105	120
Romania	7,725	3,930	3,795	695	335	360
Russian Federation	7,260	3,135	4,125	805	345	460
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	2,255	1,080	1,170	585	305	280
Ukraine	8,150	3,700	4,455	3,280	1,630	1,650
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	59,215	30,280	28,935	7,020	3,520	3,505
Other places of birth in Europe	23,060	11,670	11,390	2,320	1,195	1,125
Africa	89,740	46,705	43,030	10,285	5,360	4,925
Algeria	1,340	715	625	50	35	15
Egypt	5,320	2,940	2,375	435	230	205
Ethiopia	10,570	5,355	5,215	635	285	355
Kenya	5,120	2,555	2,565	425	225	200
Morocco	1,695	1,005	695	180	95	80
Nigeria	12,405	6,520	5,880	1,695	845	855
Somalia	7,060	3,665	3,395	635	335	300
South Africa, Republic of	7,355	3,670	3,685	1,775	920	855
Other places of birth in Africa	38,865	20,275	18,590	4,455	2,390	2,065
Asia	452,225	215,955	236,265	67,120	33,175	33,945
Afghanistan	5,190	2,765	2,430	515	230	285
Bangladesh	5,085	2,590	2,500	2,575	1,365	1,210
China^{Census data footnote 59}	57,690	26,510	31,185	7,485	3,445	4,035
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	19,110	9,265	9,850	765	370	400
India	91,660	46,625	45,035	9,630	5,190	4,435
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	8,910	4,655	4,250	785	465	325
Iraq	5,935	3,205	2,730	1,175	625	550
Japan	3,065	905	2,160	265	65	200
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	13,850	6,530	7,320	1,120	475	645
Lebanon	10,395	5,640	4,750	255	160	90
Pakistan	28,075	14,630	13,445	6,860	3,575	3,280
Philippines	123,830	54,075	69,755	26,860	12,655	14,210
Sri Lanka	4,835	2,475	2,365	440	235	205
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	4,800	2,515	2,280	1,155	610	550
Taiwan	3,455	1,460	2,000	180	80	100
Viet Nam	27,080	12,645	14,435	2,615	1,340	1,280
Other places of birth in Asia	39,250	19,485	19,765	4,425	2,290	2,140
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	9,940	4,950	4,990	675	350	325
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	207,790	100,845	106,945	47,935	23,880	24,055
Americas	20,060	9,660	10,400	2,320	1,090	1,230
Brazil	860	370	490	45	10	35
Colombia	2,295	1,020	1,275	115	55	65
Cuba	465	215	255	35	20	15
Haiti	385	240	150	10	10	0
Jamaica	1,660	765	895	405	230	180
Mexico	4,405	2,250	2,150	435	215	225
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	4,645	2,130	2,515	745	330	420
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	1,570	745	820	35	10	30
Other places of birth in Americas	3,785	1,930	1,855	490	220	270
Europe	20,870	10,830	10,045	4,855	2,405	2,455
France	425	240	180	50	15	45
Germany	1,370	710	655	190	105	80
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	1,355	835	520	525	315	205
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	715	365	350	100	50	50
Romania	1,100	545	555	95	35	60
Russian Federation	1,235	430	805	220	85	135
Ukraine	2,340	1,060	1,280	1,320	550	770
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	6,225	3,570	2,650	855	495	355
Other places of birth in Europe	6,100	3,065	3,040	1,505	755	750
Africa	27,770	14,165	13,610	4,405	2,315	2,085
Algeria	255	115	135	0	0	0
Cameroon	1,055	515	545	70	35	30
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	805	365	440	245	145	100
Côte d'Ivoire	420	210	210	15	15	0
Egypt	1,940	1,045	895	160	75	85
Eritrea	2,390	1,335	1,055	305	145	160
Ethiopia	3,445	1,670	1,780	190	110	85
Morocco	515	265	250	90	40	45
Nigeria	6,110	3,200	2,910	1,035	525	520
Somalia	2,120	1,110	1,010	300	170	125
South Africa, Republic of	1,590	800	785	550	285	265
Tunisia	255	135	125	85	45	40
Other places of birth in Africa	6,870	3,400	3,470	1,360	725	635
Asia	137,110	65,055	72,050	36,205	17,980	18,225
Afghanistan	810	435	375	125	45	85
Bangladesh	1,355	635	715	1,495	780	720
China^{Census data footnote 59}	10,525	4,700	5,825	3,345	1,595	1,750
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	750	305	450	75	35	40
India	28,820	14,915	13,900	6,150	3,315	2,840
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	3,265	1,665	1,600	330	180	150
Iraq	2,010	1,045	960	405	200	205
Israel	480	250	230	95	55	35
Japan	665	195	475	40	10	35
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	3,840	1,710	2,125	475	195	280
Lebanon	1,470	755	710	80	50	30
Nepal	2,615	1,380	1,240	235	145	90
Pakistan	6,910	3,420	3,490	3,460	1,780	1,680
Philippines	59,390	26,960	32,435	16,615	7,905	8,715
Saudi Arabia	820	435	385	125	90	30
Sri Lanka	1,345	650	695	145	85	60
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	3,340	1,705	1,630	1,105	585	520
Taiwan	505	165	340	60	30	30
Turkey	390	215	180	80	45	35
United Arab Emirates	810	430	375	85	55	30
Viet Nam	2,040	795	1,240	855	415	445
Other places of birth in Asia	4,965	2,285	2,680	815	395	420
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	1,980	1,135	845	150	90	60
Australia	1,065	600	465	85	55	30
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	915	535	375	65	30	30
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	3,978,145	1,998,500	1,979,650	1,070,560	533,385	537,175
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	938,500	460,015	478,480	127,720	64,125	63,595
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	742,455	374,065	368,390	129,250	62,550	66,705
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	2,297,195	1,164,420	1,132,775	813,580	406,710	406,870
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	694,945	337,380	357,565	96,750	48,140	48,610
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	387,275	195,845	191,430	66,930	34,420	32,510
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	154,700	96,855	57,850	26,475	17,690	8,790
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	232,570	98,990	133,575	40,455	16,735	23,725
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	198,575	81,650	116,920	16,835	6,740	10,095
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	103,785	57,130	46,650	12,625	6,810	5,820
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	5,320	2,745	2,570	350	170	185
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	3,978,145	1,998,495	1,979,650	1,070,555	533,385	537,175
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	258,640	125,445	133,195	175,020	84,730	90,290
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	253,460	123,115	130,340	172,810	83,750	89,055
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	136,585	65,755	70,835	114,570	55,275	59,290
Métis	114,370	56,170	58,200	57,880	28,325	29,550
Inuk (Inuit)	2,500	1,195	1,305	360	145	215
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	2,905	1,350	1,555	1,305	605	705
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	2,280	975	1,300	905	375	530
Non-Aboriginal identity	3,719,505	1,873,055	1,846,450	895,535	448,655	446,885
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	3,978,145	1,998,500	1,979,645	1,070,555	533,385	537,170
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	123,235	59,065	64,170	110,370	52,930	57,440
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	3,854,915	1,939,430	1,915,475	960,190	480,455	479,735
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	3,978,145	1,998,500	1,979,645	1,070,555	533,385	537,175
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	103,600	50,680	52,915	98,315	47,665	50,650
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	99,940	48,860	51,070	94,565	45,900	48,665
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	81,685	39,815	41,870	84,015	40,960	43,055
Métis single ancestry	17,515	8,690	8,820	10,465	4,905	5,560
Inuit single ancestry	735	355	380	85	40	50
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	3,665	1,820	1,845	3,750	1,765	1,985
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	3,490	1,725	1,765	3,640	1,705	1,935
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	105	55	50	70	30	40
Métis and Inuit ancestries	50	35	15	20	15	10
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	20	0	15	15	15	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	200,215	97,055	103,160	79,035	38,120	40,915
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	189,830	92,295	97,530	72,560	35,130	37,430
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	104,875	50,595	54,280	36,680	17,715	18,960
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	82,585	40,530	42,060	35,545	17,265	18,285
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	2,365	1,170	1,195	335	150	180
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	10,385	4,760	5,625	6,480	2,990	3,485
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	9,760	4,465	5,295	6,355	2,930	3,420
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	310	155	155	80	40	45
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	270	110	160	15	0	10
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	40	25	20	30	15	15
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	3,674,330	1,850,760	1,823,570	893,205	447,595	445,610
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	3,978,145	1,998,495	1,979,645	1,070,560	533,385	537,170
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	933,165	461,460	471,705	115,875	58,810	57,065
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	230,930	118,535	112,390	29,960	16,065	13,895
Chinese	158,200	77,035	81,165	15,545	7,545	7,995
Black	129,390	66,960	62,440	14,925	7,845	7,085
Filipino	166,195	74,770	91,425	32,340	15,540	16,795
Latin American	55,090	27,560	27,525	4,195	2,095	2,095
Arab	56,700	30,245	26,450	4,300	2,385	1,915
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	43,985	21,025	22,960	5,745	2,940	2,800
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	20,980	11,010	9,965	2,065	1,100	965
Korean	21,275	10,130	11,145	1,875	795	1,085
Japanese	12,165	5,495	6,670	955	420	530
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	9,900	4,700	5,205	1,150	605	545
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	28,360	13,985	14,375	2,820	1,460	1,355
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	3,044,980	1,537,040	1,507,940	954,685	474,575	480,110
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	3,978,150	1,998,500	1,979,645	1,070,560	533,385	537,170
North American Aboriginal origins	303,815	147,735	156,075	177,355	85,790	91,565
First Nations (North American Indian)	200,290	96,845	103,445	130,880	63,405	67,475
Inuit	3,900	1,915	1,985	650	305	345
Métis	113,735	55,590	58,150	56,090	26,860	29,235
Other North American origins	955,040	486,735	468,305	230,620	115,250	115,370
Acadian	5,545	2,970	2,570	485	270	215
American	72,355	35,480	36,875	13,455	6,410	7,045
Canadian	902,315	460,335	441,975	220,960	110,550	110,410
New Brunswicker	50	35	15	10	10	0
Newfoundlander	1,985	1,135	850	130	65	60
Nova Scotian	190	115	70	25	10	20
Ontarian	110	65	45	20	20	10
Québécois	1,380	750	630	240	100	140
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	415	210	205	85	35	55
European origins	2,580,720	1,292,280	1,288,440	759,080	375,755	383,325
British Isles origins	1,581,265	787,205	794,060	427,735	210,345	217,390
Channel Islander	225	115	115	10	0	0
Cornish	210	90	115	35	15	20
English	899,440	444,010	455,440	253,205	123,490	129,715
Irish	596,750	288,710	308,040	155,725	74,480	81,245
Manx	945	450	495	250	120	130
Scottish	704,205	347,740	356,460	193,330	94,500	98,825
Welsh	80,455	38,715	41,740	17,790	8,510	9,280
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	90,865	44,055	46,815	16,095	7,900	8,190
French origins	411,560	201,160	210,395	125,810	60,920	64,890
Alsatian	200	120	80	10	10	10
Breton	60	25	35	25	10	15
Corsican	125	65	70	15	0	15
French	411,315	201,030	210,290	125,775	60,910	64,870
Western European origins (except French origins)	915,185	455,115	460,065	336,715	166,380	170,340
Austrian	39,530	19,225	20,305	17,565	8,670	8,895
Bavarian	110	60	55	50	45	0
Belgian	21,210	10,320	10,890	9,660	4,745	4,915
Dutch	195,720	97,735	97,990	36,230	17,500	18,730
Flemish	2,005	870	1,140	805	415	395
Frisian	685	380	305	70	35	35
German	712,955	353,755	359,195	296,385	146,600	149,780
Luxembourger	680	355	320	500	275	225
Swiss	24,310	11,905	12,410	4,710	2,370	2,340
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	830	390	440	35	25	15
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	329,990	159,695	170,295	115,995	56,380	59,615
Danish	60,380	29,240	31,135	11,530	5,605	5,935
Finnish	17,755	8,780	8,975	5,400	2,585	2,815
Icelandic	20,225	10,050	10,175	8,255	4,055	4,205
Norwegian	156,595	75,160	81,430	68,640	33,310	35,335
Swedish	97,840	46,445	51,385	32,815	15,630	17,185
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	13,515	7,005	6,505	3,530	1,735	1,790
Eastern European origins	685,270	336,430	348,845	243,055	119,620	123,435
Bulgarian	2,935	1,510	1,425	355	190	160
Byelorussian	2,200	1,165	1,035	290	150	140
Czech	20,865	10,405	10,460	4,960	2,545	2,415
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	10,055	4,800	5,255	2,765	1,270	1,495
Estonian	2,715	1,240	1,470	265	150	115
Hungarian	56,270	27,385	28,885	27,885	13,730	14,155
Latvian	3,245	1,585	1,660	535	265	265
Lithuanian	6,090	2,915	3,175	1,045	550	500
Moldovan	1,585	790	790	345	145	200
Polish	186,510	91,115	95,395	59,950	28,680	31,275
Romanian	34,230	16,520	17,710	12,730	6,215	6,515
Russian	107,800	51,840	55,960	39,395	19,620	19,775
Slovak	11,010	5,495	5,515	1,390	750	645
Ukrainian	369,090	181,600	187,490	143,700	70,670	73,025
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	1,910	1,015	895	255	115	135
Southern European origins	215,725	107,495	108,230	27,415	13,420	13,995
Albanian	2,935	1,555	1,385	605	310	290
Bosnian	3,870	1,985	1,890	515	260	260
Catalan	85	55	25	15	10	10
Croatian	14,220	7,535	6,690	2,570	1,295	1,275
Cypriot	160	90	70	45	35	10
Greek	15,025	7,790	7,235	2,880	1,475	1,400
Italian	101,265	50,975	50,285	11,310	5,585	5,725
Kosovar	420	210	210	30	25	10
Macedonian	1,015	485	535	110	45	65
Maltese	1,560	845	715	125	65	60
Montenegrin	290	185	105	85	40	40
Portuguese	22,385	11,395	10,985	1,885	850	1,035
Serbian	7,755	3,875	3,875	1,300	670	630
Sicilian	330	160	170	100	75	25
Slovenian	3,885	2,010	1,875	640	275	365
Spanish	48,055	22,225	25,835	5,670	2,615	3,050
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	5,120	2,495	2,625	1,065	535	525
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	245	120	125	35	0	30
Other European origins	22,805	11,700	11,105	3,885	2,075	1,805
Basque	425	210	215	50	40	10
Jewish	9,780	4,890	4,885	1,725	905	815
Roma (Gypsy)	465	220	245	165	85	80
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	995	505	490	200	95	105
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	11,255	5,940	5,310	1,755	965	790
Caribbean origins	36,120	18,050	18,070	3,810	2,005	1,805
Antiguan	455	265	190	0	0	0
Bahamian	310	180	130	15	10	0
Barbadian	2,065	980	1,080	110	45	60
Bermudan	210	120	90	20	20	0
Carib	135	45	85	10	0	10
Cuban	2,175	1,110	1,060	185	125	55
Dominican	930	530	395	115	75	45
Grenadian	595	300	295	60	25	30
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	2,235	1,210	1,025	110	75	40
Jamaican	17,325	8,540	8,785	2,250	1,200	1,050
Kittitian/Nevisian	95	65	30	0	0	0
Martinican	10	0	0	0	0	0
Montserratan	30	10	25	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	460	225	240	55	15	40
St. Lucian	595	295	300	45	15	25
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	5,180	2,685	2,490	415	215	200
Vincentian/Grenadinian	535	215	325	30	20	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	2,670	1,275	1,395	355	135	225
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	2,305	1,110	1,200	190	90	100
Latin, Central and South American origins	78,405	39,030	39,375	6,695	3,295	3,400
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	1,980	965	1,015	300	150	150
Arawak	105	30	70	0	0	0
Argentinian	1,385	705	680	160	60	95
Belizean	445	250	190	55	35	15
Bolivian	590	305	285	45	30	15
Brazilian	3,030	1,330	1,700	305	150	155
Chilean	8,105	4,115	3,990	860	450	415
Colombian	12,585	6,060	6,525	705	335	370
Costa Rican	575	270	305	50	15	35
Ecuadorian	890	405	485	105	70	30
Guatemalan	2,395	1,270	1,120	270	135	140
Guyanese	3,095	1,545	1,555	185	110	75
Hispanic	1,785	905	885	125	75	50
Honduran	760	405	355	95	45	50
Maya	580	310	275	140	75	65
Mexican	22,475	11,430	11,045	2,125	1,060	1,065
Nicaraguan	1,675	825	855	140	50	90
Panamanian	320	150	170	15	0	10
Paraguayan	340	155	190	40	30	10
Peruvian	2,740	1,245	1,495	295	120	175
Salvadorean	8,810	4,545	4,270	765	350	415
Uruguayan	315	180	135	65	20	40
Venezuelan	4,690	2,295	2,390	55	30	30
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	3,430	1,735	1,695	320	165	160
African origins	136,510	70,620	65,885	16,170	8,480	7,690
Central and West African origins	33,170	17,430	15,735	4,440	2,355	2,090
Akan	130	80	50	115	80	40
Angolan	295	155	140	10	0	10
Ashanti	130	70	55	10	10	0
Beninese	200	90	105	0	0	0
Burkinabe	100	50	50	20	15	10
Cameroonian	2,040	1,010	1,035	205	90	110
Chadian	75	55	20	0	0	0
Congolese	4,095	2,100	1,990	530	290	240
Edo	555	320	235	40	20	15
Ewe	125	70	55	10	0	0
Gabonese	25	10	20	0	0	0
Gambian	110	60	50	40	20	15
Ghanaian	4,470	2,365	2,100	555	320	235
Guinean	455	235	215	25	20	10
Ibo	1,760	935	825	485	275	215
Ivorian	655	355	295	75	35	45
Liberian	1,040	495	540	85	25	60
Malian	70	45	25	30	15	15
Malinké	95	55	45	0	0	0
Nigerian	13,010	6,815	6,200	1,715	875	835
Peulh	105	70	35	0	0	0
Senegalese	575	370	205	20	15	10
Sierra Leonean	740	395	345	40	25	10
Togolese	150	70	80	55	35	20
Wolof	70	45	25	0	10	0
Yoruba	2,990	1,600	1,385	520	270	255
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	1,865	985	875	235	115	125
North African origins	23,235	12,305	10,935	2,190	1,210	980
Algerian	1,620	805	815	70	50	15
Berber	685	415	270	55	45	15
Coptic	225	115	110	40	15	20
Dinka	565	320	250	35	20	15
Egyptian	8,525	4,515	4,010	535	290	245
Libyan	1,300	665	635	205	115	85
Maure	95	70	25	0	0	0
Moroccan	2,510	1,380	1,130	220	110	115
Sudanese	7,070	3,695	3,375	935	515	420
Tunisian	940	480	455	105	60	50
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	575	315	260	40	30	10
Southern and East African origins	56,560	29,285	27,275	6,320	3,210	3,110
Afrikaner	315	155	160	60	35	30
Amhara	450	240	215	20	10	10
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	700	395	310	45	30	10
Burundian	975	555	420	300	155	145
Djiboutian	170	90	75	10	10	10
Eritrean	7,960	4,250	3,715	1,130	540	590
Ethiopian	13,225	6,710	6,510	675	335	345
Harari	165	85	80	0	0	0
Kenyan	2,175	1,035	1,140	190	95	95
Malagasy	125	55	70	10	0	10
Mauritian	550	310	235	205	90	110
Oromo	1,355	765	595	140	65	75
Rwandan	1,420	745	675	80	20	60
Seychellois	35	25	10	10	10	0
Somali	14,100	7,315	6,790	1,275	635	635
South African	6,635	3,310	3,320	1,295	680	615
Tanzanian	1,030	525	505	55	35	20
Tigrian	700	380	320	45	30	15
Ugandan	1,155	645	510	90	40	50
Zambian	265	155	110	190	90	100
Zimbabwean	2,590	1,300	1,285	260	170	90
Zulu	295	135	160	35	30	10
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	3,875	2,010	1,870	535	300	240
Other African origins	26,150	12,995	13,155	3,605	1,940	1,665
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	2,525	1,220	1,305	345	190	160
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	23,960	11,950	12,010	3,290	1,770	1,525
Asian origins	756,335	370,390	385,945	99,125	49,845	49,280
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	97,355	51,035	46,315	9,415	5,015	4,400
Afghan	8,540	4,545	3,995	780	390	385
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	10,470	5,690	4,780	1,175	645	530
Armenian	1,780	865	910	240	130	115
Assyrian	560	300	255	215	120	95
Azerbaijani	615	280	335	50	25	25
Georgian	400	230	165	35	20	10
Hazara	365	190	170	25	10	20
Iranian	13,925	7,220	6,705	1,345	740	600
Iraqi	6,165	3,250	2,915	1,290	690	605
Israeli	1,565	830	740	120	75	50
Jordanian	1,325	670	655	75	40	30
Kazakh	565	260	310	30	15	15
Kurd	2,040	1,160	880	200	110	90
Kuwaiti	185	110	80	10	0	0
Kyrgyz	200	110	90	30	10	20
Lebanese	32,365	16,835	15,525	1,360	660	700
Palestinian	4,880	2,675	2,210	120	60	55
Pashtun	645	305	345	175	100	75
Saudi Arabian	390	205	180	110	80	30
Syrian	7,215	3,605	3,610	1,365	740	625
Tajik	265	160	105	10	10	0
Tatar	530	215	315	60	25	35
Turk	5,745	3,155	2,595	860	450	405
Turkmen	105	55	50	20	10	10
Uighur	270	125	140	0	0	0
Uzbek	485	225	260	70	15	50
Yemeni	930	440	485	45	20	20
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	2,445	1,305	1,140	265	130	130
South Asian origins	231,550	118,855	112,695	29,830	15,955	13,870
Bangladeshi	4,155	2,085	2,070	2,040	1,090	945
Bengali	1,660	870	790	600	350	250
Bhutanese	815	410	400	210	110	100
East Indian	174,510	89,140	85,370	18,695	10,090	8,600
Goan	495	265	225	45	25	15
Gujarati	855	445	410	195	105	95
Kashmiri	720	355	365	115	75	40
Nepali	4,600	2,490	2,110	565	320	245
Pakistani	29,265	15,075	14,190	6,255	3,220	3,035
Punjabi	15,645	8,230	7,420	1,425	790	635
Sinhalese	750	400	355	65	30	30
Sri Lankan	5,585	2,885	2,695	515	290	225
Tamil	1,050	565	485	120	65	55
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	4,845	2,500	2,335	1,075	545	530
East and Southeast Asian origins	431,135	202,400	228,735	60,010	28,955	31,060
Burmese	1,270	650	615	465	210	260
Cambodian (Khmer)	4,260	2,245	2,015	305	165	145
Chinese	188,280	90,735	97,545	19,075	9,300	9,780
Filipino	175,130	79,150	95,975	33,630	16,200	17,425
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	3,005	1,425	1,575	220	115	105
Japanese	16,595	7,510	9,085	1,220	530	690
Karen	740	390	345	585	290	290
Korean	22,410	10,655	11,755	2,025	870	1,155
Laotian	2,050	1,020	1,030	705	335	380
Malaysian	2,970	1,340	1,630	160	75	80
Mongolian	1,565	725	835	205	105	100
Singaporean	370	180	190	10	0	10
Taiwanese	1,995	855	1,140	265	115	155
Thai	2,735	980	1,750	420	170	250
Tibetan	965	500	465	50	35	25
Vietnamese	36,780	17,720	19,060	3,690	1,885	1,800
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	735	385	345	95	40	55
Other Asian origins	3,115	1,580	1,530	735	340	390
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	3,115	1,585	1,530	735	345	385
Oceania origins	15,500	7,825	7,680	1,430	760	665
Australian	7,785	3,975	3,810	890	505	385
New Zealander	2,905	1,535	1,370	265	140	125
Pacific Islands origins	5,150	2,510	2,635	310	140	170
Fijian	3,325	1,580	1,745	110	60	50
Hawaiian	425	190	235	25	10	10
Maori	640	325	320	45	0	35
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	205	105	95	25	15	10
Samoan	280	180	100	55	25	30
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	375	195	180	60	25	35
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	1,527,680	...	...	432,620	...	...
Owner	1,105,795	...	...	311,470	...	...
Renter	412,150	...	...	109,685	...	...
Band housing	9,730	...	...	11,470	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	1,527,675	...	...	432,620	...	...
Condominium	256,015	...	...	41,960	...	...
Not condominium	1,271,660	...	...	390,660	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	1,527,680	...	...	432,625	...	...
No bedrooms	5,440	...	...	1,290	...	...
1 bedroom	139,820	...	...	40,600	...	...
2 bedrooms	322,370	...	...	97,340	...	...
3 bedrooms	540,505	...	...	148,060	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	519,545	...	...	145,330	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	1,527,680	...	...	432,620	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	358,650	...	...	92,375	...	...
5 rooms	238,870	...	...	67,645	...	...
6 rooms	224,335	...	...	64,215	...	...
7 rooms	201,560	...	...	57,945	...	...
8 or more rooms	504,270	...	...	150,440	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.5	...	...	6.7	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	1,527,675	...	...	432,625	...	...
One person or fewer per room	1,494,875	...	...	422,915	...	...
More than 1 person per room	32,805	...	...	9,705	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	1,527,675	...	...	432,620	...	...
Suitable	1,458,550	...	...	412,220	...	...
Not suitable	69,125	...	...	20,410	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	1,527,680	...	...	432,620	...	...
1960 or before	177,780	...	...	101,805	...	...
1961 to 1980	439,505	...	...	150,440	...	...
1981 to 1990	193,360	...	...	62,270	...	...
1991 to 2000	216,410	...	...	33,495	...	...
2001 to 2005	157,420	...	...	17,905	...	...
2006 to 2010	180,645	...	...	28,610	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	162,560	...	...	38,095	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	1,527,680	...	...	432,625	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	1,440,440	...	...	395,105	...	...
Major repairs needed	87,240	...	...	37,520	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	1,527,680	...	...	432,620	...	...
1 household maintainer	873,125	...	...	261,245	...	...
2 household maintainers	605,830	...	...	162,550	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	48,725	...	...	8,825	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	1,527,680	...	...	432,625	...	...
15 to 24 years	53,955	...	...	18,235	...	...
25 to 34 years	281,820	...	...	72,225	...	...
35 to 44 years	307,930	...	...	73,675	...	...
45 to 54 years	310,435	...	...	77,920	...	...
55 to 64 years	288,480	...	...	84,110	...	...
65 to 74 years	169,505	...	...	56,280	...	...
75 to 84 years	86,970	...	...	34,845	...	...
85 years and over	28,585	...	...	15,340	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	1,479,270	...	...	396,790	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	1,170,780	...	...	316,505	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	308,485	...	...	80,295	...	...
30% to less than 100%	268,795	...	...	70,690	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	1,075,465	...	...	289,805	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	65.2	...	...	57.9	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	15.1	...	...	12.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,481	...	...	1,001	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,531	...	...	1,178	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	400,104	...	...	299,606	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	449,790	...	...	318,917	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	410,225	...	...	107,535	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	10.4	...	...	21.4	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	36.0	...	...	42.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,243	...	...	965	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,279	...	...	1,021	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	3,206,050	1,602,810	1,603,235	857,295	424,265	433,035
No certificate, diploma or degree	540,665	284,020	256,640	177,210	96,680	80,530
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	895,885	440,665	455,220	261,210	133,730	127,480
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	1,769,500	878,130	891,375	418,880	193,855	225,025
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	309,465	242,160	67,305	89,440	64,100	25,340
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	94,735	56,255	38,480	38,045	21,495	16,550
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	214,730	185,905	28,825	51,395	42,605	8,790
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	615,480	250,590	364,895	146,770	51,240	95,530
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	94,620	36,875	57,750	28,195	10,790	17,405
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	749,930	348,510	401,425	154,480	67,730	86,745
Bachelor's degree	530,085	235,610	294,470	112,760	47,490	65,270
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	39,955	18,075	21,880	7,635	3,400	4,235
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	21,850	11,810	10,045	4,830	2,580	2,245
Master's degree	133,265	67,215	66,055	24,375	11,095	13,275
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	24,770	15,805	8,965	4,880	3,155	1,725
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	2,257,820	1,131,030	1,126,795	566,245	282,510	283,735
No certificate, diploma or degree	244,755	136,085	108,675	69,200	42,050	27,150
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	569,435	283,290	286,145	168,035	88,530	79,505
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	1,443,635	711,655	731,975	329,005	151,930	177,075
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	238,220	189,180	49,035	66,955	48,885	18,075
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	69,415	42,445	26,970	27,765	16,095	11,670
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	168,805	146,740	22,065	39,190	32,785	6,400
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	496,375	203,350	293,020	115,085	41,085	74,000
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	73,315	29,315	44,005	19,380	7,775	11,605
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	635,730	289,810	345,920	127,585	54,190	73,395
Bachelor's degree	448,235	197,045	251,195	92,905	38,180	54,730
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	32,095	14,155	17,940	5,890	2,525	3,365
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	18,855	9,505	9,350	4,065	1,995	2,070
Master's degree	116,975	57,230	59,740	20,975	9,170	11,805
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	19,570	11,875	7,695	3,750	2,320	1,435
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	3,206,045	1,602,810	1,603,235	857,295	424,265	433,030
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	1,436,545	724,680	711,865	438,420	230,405	208,005
Education	121,930	29,000	92,930	40,995	10,635	30,355
13. Education	121,930	29,000	92,930	40,990	10,635	30,350
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	49,660	20,960	28,705	8,870	4,150	4,720
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	9,130	6,305	2,820	2,015	1,455	560
50. Visual and performing arts	40,535	14,650	25,885	6,850	2,690	4,160
Humanities	69,305	27,480	41,830	15,400	6,905	8,495
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	6,790	1,620	5,170	1,030	260	770
23. English language and literature/letters	15,110	4,270	10,840	3,180	990	2,190
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	20,660	7,275	13,390	3,105	1,185	1,920
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	225	105	125	35	0	30
38. Philosophy and religious studies	4,890	2,750	2,140	1,180	695	480
39. Theology and religious vocations	11,435	6,560	4,865	4,700	2,645	2,050
54. History	8,600	4,560	4,045	1,760	1,000	760
55. French language and literature/letters	1,595	345	1,250	425	120	300
Social and behavioural sciences and law	159,735	51,705	108,030	30,500	10,015	20,485
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	2,345	470	1,875	750	185	565
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	17,180	6,320	10,865	2,060	905	1,160
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	28,750	2,185	26,570	6,805	425	6,380
22. Legal professions and studies	29,000	9,355	19,645	5,410	1,930	3,480
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	2,190	605	1,580	465	155	310
42. Psychology	27,275	6,765	20,515	5,555	1,480	4,075
45. Social sciences	52,985	26,000	26,985	9,455	4,940	4,510
Business, management and public administration	361,530	133,045	228,485	85,800	25,105	60,695
30.16 Accounting and computer science	670	155	520	240	50	190
44. Public administration and social service professions	21,565	4,015	17,555	8,250	1,710	6,545
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	339,295	128,885	210,410	77,310	23,350	53,960
Physical and life sciences and technologies	72,850	38,330	34,525	11,455	5,905	5,550
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	25,850	10,955	14,895	5,675	2,515	3,160
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	15,410	7,270	8,145	1,395	725	670
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	555	170	385	105	25	80
40. Physical sciences	26,130	17,875	8,255	3,240	2,265	970
41. Science technologies/technicians	4,900	2,055	2,845	1,045	375	670
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	60,830	37,710	23,120	11,695	7,040	4,655
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	48,975	32,855	16,125	9,390	6,135	3,250
25. Library science	4,295	515	3,780	990	85	905
27. Mathematics and statistics	7,050	4,020	3,035	1,145	700	445
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	515	330	185	170	110	55
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	463,185	415,665	47,520	93,145	86,660	6,485
04. Architecture and related services	11,325	7,140	4,190	1,520	960	560
14. Engineering	110,345	89,275	21,070	14,090	11,790	2,300
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	84,800	72,145	12,655	13,790	12,290	1,505
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	60	10	50	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	100,370	96,810	3,560	24,650	23,840	810
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	103,880	100,100	3,785	26,325	25,535	790
48. Precision production	52,400	50,195	2,205	12,765	12,240	525
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	44,270	27,245	17,025	16,655	12,040	4,615
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	28,440	17,860	10,580	13,585	9,885	3,705
03. Natural resources and conservation	15,830	9,390	6,445	3,075	2,160	910
Health and related fields	270,920	51,220	219,700	74,750	12,215	62,530
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	19,300	9,110	10,195	4,340	2,030	2,315
51. Health professions and related programs	245,265	38,460	206,810	69,090	9,460	59,630
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	6,350	3,650	2,695	1,315	725	590
Personal, protective and transportation services	95,140	45,720	49,415	29,585	13,165	16,420
12. Personal and culinary services	57,285	14,985	42,305	18,450	3,845	14,605
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	250	230	20	10	10	10
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	740	655	85	175	160	20
43. Security and protective services	16,985	11,590	5,400	5,070	3,705	1,360
49. Transportation and materials moving	19,880	18,270	1,610	5,880	5,450	430
Other	150	60	95	40	20	20
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	145	60	95	40	20	20
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	2,257,820	1,131,025	1,126,795	566,245	282,510	283,730
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	814,190	419,370	394,820	237,235	130,580	106,660
Education	91,020	19,920	71,105	28,195	6,885	21,310
13. Education	91,025	19,920	71,100	28,195	6,885	21,310
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	40,255	16,670	23,585	7,175	3,350	3,825
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	7,095	4,810	2,285	1,550	1,100	450
50. Visual and performing arts	33,155	11,860	21,300	5,630	2,250	3,380
Humanities	55,985	21,840	34,145	11,760	5,110	6,650
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	5,690	1,310	4,380	825	205	620
23. English language and literature/letters	12,345	3,425	8,920	2,470	745	1,735
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	17,320	6,020	11,300	2,515	910	1,605
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	200	95	100	30	10	25
38. Philosophy and religious studies	3,930	2,205	1,725	920	540	380
39. Theology and religious vocations	8,500	4,960	3,545	3,345	1,905	1,435
54. History	6,855	3,565	3,285	1,365	725	640
55. French language and literature/letters	1,140	245	895	285	75	205
Social and behavioural sciences and law	135,545	42,855	92,685	25,830	8,205	17,625
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	2,025	425	1,600	670	165	505
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	14,880	5,360	9,520	1,870	800	1,065
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	23,730	1,770	21,960	5,680	350	5,330
22. Legal professions and studies	25,095	7,395	17,705	4,735	1,550	3,185
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	1,790	530	1,255	370	120	250
42. Psychology	22,460	5,290	17,170	4,335	1,055	3,280
45. Social sciences	45,565	22,095	23,465	8,175	4,160	4,010
Business, management and public administration	301,995	110,825	191,170	69,300	20,470	48,835
30.16 Accounting and computer science	560	135	420	195	35	165
44. Public administration and social service professions	18,035	3,130	14,910	6,795	1,230	5,570
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	283,400	107,560	175,840	62,310	19,205	43,105
Physical and life sciences and technologies	58,120	29,655	28,465	8,985	4,575	4,405
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	20,925	8,620	12,310	4,490	1,995	2,495
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	12,175	5,740	6,435	1,085	530	550
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	460	155	305	95	25	70
40. Physical sciences	20,785	13,645	7,140	2,545	1,700	845
41. Science technologies/technicians	3,775	1,500	2,270	770	320	450
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	53,975	33,590	20,385	10,235	6,210	4,030
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	44,735	29,980	14,750	8,590	5,615	2,970
25. Library science	3,400	440	2,965	730	60	670
27. Mathematics and statistics	5,420	2,915	2,500	760	430	335
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	420	255	165	160	105	55
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	376,875	335,210	41,670	72,720	67,225	5,500
04. Architecture and related services	9,335	5,630	3,710	1,215	745	470
14. Engineering	95,005	75,840	19,170	11,685	9,635	2,045
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	69,300	58,610	10,690	11,195	9,865	1,330
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	55	10	50	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	80,455	77,430	3,020	18,905	18,275	630
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	81,470	78,290	3,180	19,855	19,240	620
48. Precision production	41,255	39,405	1,850	9,865	9,460	410
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	35,820	21,060	14,760	13,365	9,360	4,005
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	21,990	12,970	9,025	10,720	7,545	3,175
03. Natural resources and conservation	13,825	8,090	5,740	2,645	1,815	835
Health and related fields	217,640	42,225	175,410	57,985	9,720	48,265
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	15,955	7,530	8,425	3,520	1,635	1,890
51. Health professions and related programs	196,250	31,775	164,475	53,345	7,510	45,835
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	5,435	2,925	2,505	1,120	580	545
Personal, protective and transportation services	76,300	37,755	38,540	23,415	10,820	12,600
12. Personal and culinary services	44,755	12,085	32,670	14,320	3,175	11,155
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	190	170	20	10	10	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	460	410	50	100	95	0
43. Security and protective services	14,100	9,595	4,505	4,055	2,955	1,105
49. Transportation and materials moving	16,795	15,490	1,305	4,935	4,590	340
Other	115	55	60	35	15	20
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	110	55	60	35	10	20
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	3,206,045	1,602,810	1,603,235	857,300	424,265	433,035
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	1,436,545	724,685	711,865	438,415	230,410	208,005
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	1,769,505	878,130	891,370	418,880	193,855	225,025
Location of study inside Canada	1,424,855	709,950	714,905	366,620	167,715	198,905
Same as province or territory of residence	1,064,560	530,135	534,430	293,455	130,990	162,465
Different than province or territory of residence	360,290	179,815	180,475	73,165	36,725	36,445
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	344,645	168,180	176,465	52,260	26,140	26,120
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	45,690	25,545	20,145	7,230	3,670	3,560
Philippines	68,760	26,480	42,280	13,980	6,230	7,750
India	41,560	21,025	20,535	6,215	3,280	2,930
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	28,630	16,255	12,370	3,250	1,830	1,420
China^{Census data footnote 162}	18,850	8,805	10,050	2,730	1,295	1,435
France	2,150	1,275	875	220	125	95
Other	139,010	68,800	70,210	18,630	9,705	8,925
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	2,257,820	1,131,030	1,126,795	566,245	282,510	283,735
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	814,190	419,375	394,820	237,235	130,580	106,660
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	1,443,630	711,655	731,980	329,010	151,930	177,075
Location of study inside Canada	1,150,780	572,180	578,595	283,450	129,445	154,005
Same as province or territory of residence	857,370	426,365	431,010	225,420	100,405	125,010
Different than province or territory of residence	293,410	145,820	147,590	58,035	29,035	28,995
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	292,850	139,470	153,380	45,560	22,490	23,070
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	34,655	18,640	16,015	5,210	2,495	2,715
Philippines	64,000	24,435	39,565	13,335	5,950	7,385
India	37,240	18,505	18,740	5,560	2,935	2,625
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	20,065	11,390	8,675	2,180	1,275	905
China^{Census data footnote 162}	16,600	7,630	8,965	2,520	1,180	1,345
France	1,870	1,105	765	200	115	85
Other	118,425	57,770	60,655	16,555	8,540	8,015
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	3,206,050	1,602,810	1,603,235	857,295	424,260	433,035
In the labour force	2,302,945	1,238,280	1,064,655	585,540	311,110	274,430
Employed	2,096,105	1,114,360	981,745	544,095	286,330	257,760
Unemployed	206,835	123,925	82,910	41,445	24,775	16,665
Not in the labour force	903,105	364,525	538,580	271,760	113,155	158,605
Participation rate	71.8	77.3	66.4	68.3	73.3	63.4
Employment rate	65.4	69.5	61.2	63.5	67.5	59.5
Unemployment rate	9.0	10.0	7.8	7.1	8.0	6.1
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	3,206,050	1,602,810	1,603,235	857,295	424,260	433,030
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	806,150	318,845	487,310	242,835	100,140	142,695
Worked	2,399,895	1,283,965	1,115,930	614,460	324,130	290,335
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	1,193,860	698,530	495,330	313,945	180,260	133,690
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	1,206,035	585,430	620,595	300,515	143,870	156,650
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.5	43.1	41.7	42.6	43.1	41.9
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	2,302,940	1,238,285	1,064,660	585,535	311,110	274,425
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	40,005	18,650	21,360	10,230	5,205	5,020
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	2,262,935	1,219,635	1,043,300	575,310	305,900	269,405
Employee	1,984,225	1,042,630	941,595	490,180	250,460	239,710
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	278,710	177,010	101,705	85,130	55,440	29,695
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	2,302,940	1,238,280	1,064,660	585,535	311,105	274,430
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	40,010	18,645	21,360	10,225	5,205	5,020
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	2,262,935	1,219,635	1,043,300	575,310	305,905	269,410
0 Management occupations	261,505	167,260	94,245	81,060	54,030	27,035
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	353,965	95,685	258,280	80,640	20,280	60,355
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	175,025	136,240	38,795	28,325	21,685	6,640
3 Health occupations	150,415	28,130	122,290	41,675	6,510	35,170
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	228,325	74,105	154,220	64,685	19,715	44,970
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	50,170	19,960	30,210	10,760	4,025	6,735
6 Sales and service occupations	491,495	204,245	287,255	124,090	50,165	73,920
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	406,495	376,375	30,120	99,755	93,540	6,215
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	72,465	59,465	13,000	28,155	22,590	5,565
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	73,070	58,170	14,895	16,165	13,370	2,800
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	2,302,940	1,238,280	1,064,660	585,540	311,105	274,430
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	40,005	18,650	21,360	10,225	5,200	5,020
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	2,262,935	1,219,630	1,043,305	575,310	305,905	269,410
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	64,035	43,045	20,990	51,255	36,820	14,440
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	142,490	109,105	33,390	23,070	20,040	3,025
22 Utilities	21,940	15,345	6,595	5,395	3,780	1,610
23 Construction	236,370	201,640	34,730	49,310	43,460	5,850
31-33 Manufacturing	127,535	96,045	31,490	26,710	21,000	5,710
41 Wholesale trade	80,610	56,840	23,775	20,480	15,325	5,155
44-45 Retail trade	249,880	115,065	134,810	63,360	30,185	33,180
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	115,295	83,675	31,620	24,755	19,385	5,370
51 Information and cultural industries	33,045	18,625	14,420	10,005	5,055	4,950
52 Finance and insurance	69,225	25,230	43,995	20,155	6,495	13,655
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	41,520	23,075	18,450	7,650	4,425	3,220
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	167,800	94,565	73,240	25,250	12,985	12,265
55 Management of companies and enterprises	5,560	2,760	2,795	1,340	680	660
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	87,350	49,595	37,760	16,395	9,660	6,735
61 Educational services	147,270	44,160	103,110	45,360	13,670	31,690
62 Health care and social assistance	245,875	41,235	204,645	72,625	11,285	61,335
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	44,880	21,550	23,335	10,545	5,120	5,425
72 Accommodation and food services	153,790	62,220	91,570	37,785	14,295	23,490
81 Other services (except public administration)	105,865	50,455	55,405	25,680	12,590	13,090
91 Public administration	122,595	65,420	57,175	38,180	19,640	18,535
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	2,096,110	1,114,360	981,745	544,095	286,330	257,760
Worked at home	162,465	77,935	84,530	59,385	34,110	25,275
Worked outside Canada	6,270	4,715	1,555	840	550	295
No fixed workplace address	307,065	236,995	70,070	68,510	54,860	13,650
Worked at usual place	1,620,310	794,720	825,595	415,355	196,815	218,545
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	1,620,310	794,720	825,595	415,355	196,815	218,540
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	1,186,170	554,850	631,330	288,875	131,440	157,430
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	358,010	190,730	167,280	89,420	45,175	44,250
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	64,360	41,925	22,435	28,040	15,365	12,675
Commute to a different province or territory	11,770	7,210	4,560	9,015	4,830	4,185
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	1,927,375	1,031,710	895,665	483,865	251,675	232,190
Car, truck, van - as a driver	1,497,440	832,890	664,545	402,405	216,695	185,705
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	99,635	40,215	59,420	27,960	10,265	17,695
Public transit	194,560	88,325	106,235	13,825	5,380	8,445
Walked	85,805	38,030	47,775	27,120	11,505	15,615
Bicycle	21,925	14,685	7,240	5,475	3,415	2,065
Other method	28,015	17,560	10,455	7,075	4,410	2,665
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	1,927,375	1,031,710	895,665	483,865	251,675	232,190
Less than 15 minutes	519,085	237,105	281,980	212,525	101,290	111,235
15 to 29 minutes	706,940	377,165	329,780	179,160	95,105	84,055
30 to 44 minutes	422,070	243,905	178,165	53,345	30,035	23,310
45 to 59 minutes	148,620	86,485	62,135	17,630	10,285	7,345
60 minutes and over	130,665	87,060	43,605	21,205	14,960	6,245
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	1,927,375	1,031,710	895,665	483,865	251,675	232,190
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	145,660	107,460	38,200	29,630	21,835	7,800
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	395,425	254,225	141,200	88,420	56,715	31,705
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	567,530	297,825	269,705	158,875	83,520	75,355
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	347,270	147,425	199,845	101,065	40,385	60,680
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	188,660	77,175	111,490	41,740	16,680	25,065
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	282,820	147,600	135,225	64,140	32,540	31,600
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	2,467,410	1,314,320	1,153,090	633,325	332,450	300,875
Single responses	2,446,600	1,304,240	1,142,360	630,465	331,130	299,335
Official languages	2,425,545	1,292,940	1,132,610	626,545	329,115	297,435
English	2,418,990	1,290,870	1,128,120	624,555	328,520	296,030
French	6,560	2,070	4,490	1,995	590	1,405
Non-official languages	21,055	11,305	9,750	3,920	2,020	1,895
Aboriginal languages	1,000	550	450	1,540	775	770
Algonquian languages	670	355	315	915	485	435
Blackfoot	75	50	30	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	565	295	270	905	470	430
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	10	10	0	95	55	40
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	30	10	20	40	25	20
Cree, n.o.s.	535	280	255	770	395	375
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	20	15	10	15	10	10
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	25	15	10	15	10	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	75	45	30	620	290	340
Northern Athabaskan languages	75	40	35	625	285	340
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	60	35	25	625	285	335
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	10	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	15	10	10	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	10	10	10	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	255	155	105	10	0	0
Dakota	15	10	10	0	10	0
Stoney	240	140	95	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	20,050	10,755	9,300	2,375	1,245	1,130
Afro-Asiatic languages	940	575	360	115	100	20
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	100	45	55	10	0	10
Bilen	10	0	10	0	0	0
Oromo	25	15	15	0	0	0
Somali	60	25	35	10	0	10
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	840	530	305	110	95	10
Amharic	85	50	35	0	0	0
Arabic	610	415	195	75	65	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	10	10	0	20	20	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	50	15	35	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	40	15	25	10	0	10
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	50	25	25	10	10	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	1,305	515	790	245	135	115
Khmer (Cambodian)	15	10	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	1,290	505	780	245	135	115
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	850	420	430	205	105	95
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	15	0	10	10	10	10
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	10	0	10	0	0	0
Ilocano	30	10	20	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	10	10	10	10	0	10
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	785	405	380	185	100	85
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	55	25	35	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	15	10	0	0	0	0
Tamil	35	15	15	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	8,280	4,855	3,425	560	250	305
Albanian	30	20	10	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	690	335	355	100	35	60
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	695	335	360	95	35	60
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	15	15	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Croatian	15	10	15	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Polish	220	135	85	0	0	0
Russian	275	120	160	25	10	10
Serbian	25	0	20	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	25	0	20	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	100	40	55	65	20	50
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	2,535	1,700	840	165	95	65
Afrikaans	30	10	20	30	10	20
Danish	10	0	10	0	0	0
Dutch	145	80	65	40	25	20
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	2,160	1,455	700	80	50	30
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Swedish	15	10	10	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	10	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	165	135	30	10	15	0
Greek	20	15	0	0	0	10
Indo-Iranian languages	3,215	1,870	1,350	180	75	100
Indo-Aryan languages	3,010	1,735	1,275	160	70	90
Bengali	25	10	15	25	15	10
Gujarati	75	15	60	0	0	10
Hindi	210	110	100	20	10	10
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	40	20	15	10	0	10
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	2,480	1,510	970	40	20	20
Sindhi	10	0	10	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	10	0	10	0	0
Urdu	155	50	100	50	25	30
Iranian languages	200	130	70	20	10	15
Kurdish	15	10	0	0	0	0
Pashto	15	15	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	175	105	70	25	0	15
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,780	920	860	110	45	70
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	30	10	15	0	0	0
Portuguese	140	70	70	0	0	0
Romanian	50	30	20	10	0	0
Spanish	1,560	800	760	105	40	60
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	195	75	125	10	0	10
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	785	350	435	110	40	70
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	35	10	30	10	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	30	10	25	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	10	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	230	120	115	60	35	30
American Sign Language	125	40	85	10	0	10
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	105	80	30	50	30	20
Sino-Tibetan languages	7,080	3,665	3,420	1,030	560	465
Chinese languages	7,035	3,635	3,400	990	540	450
Cantonese	4,545	2,340	2,205	250	140	105
Hakka	15	0	10	10	0	10
Mandarin	2,170	1,125	1,045	605	310	300
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	30	10	15	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	275	155	125	135	90	40
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	45	30	20	40	25	20
Burmese	10	10	10	15	10	0
Karenic languages	25	15	10	25	20	10
Tibetan	0	0	10	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	125	60	65	15	10	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	130	60	65	10	0	10
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	80	35	45	15	10	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	65	30	30	15	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	10	0	10	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0	0	0
Uralic languages	70	45	25	10	0	10
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	10	10	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	65	40	25	10	0	10
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	20,810	10,080	10,735	2,860	1,315	1,540
English and French	4,525	2,050	2,475	650	235	410
English and non-official language	15,935	7,860	8,075	2,190	1,065	1,125
French and non-official language	55	25	30	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	295	140	155	20	15	0
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	2,467,410	1,314,320	1,153,095	633,320	332,445	300,875
None	2,370,575	1,264,955	1,105,620	613,955	323,280	290,670
English	13,805	6,540	7,270	3,515	1,450	2,070
French	23,920	11,380	12,545	3,800	1,675	2,125
Non-official language	57,640	30,700	26,935	11,880	5,960	5,925
Aboriginal	5,045	2,370	2,680	4,590	2,095	2,490
Non-Aboriginal	52,590	28,335	24,260	7,290	3,860	3,435
English and French	30	15	15	0	0	0
English and non-official language	215	105	110	10	0	10
French and non-official language	1,220	625	595	170	90	85
English, French and non-official language	0	10	0	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	3,925,440	1,971,515	1,953,920	1,055,820	525,975	529,850
Non-movers	3,318,340	1,667,060	1,651,280	905,630	451,665	453,965
Movers	607,095	304,450	302,640	150,195	74,310	75,880
Non-migrants	394,230	199,640	194,590	89,005	43,990	45,015
Migrants	212,865	104,815	108,050	61,185	30,320	30,865
Internal migrants	166,390	82,335	84,055	49,930	24,855	25,075
Intraprovincial migrants	120,105	59,845	60,260	35,965	17,690	18,275
Interprovincial migrants	46,280	22,490	23,795	13,970	7,165	6,805
External migrants	46,475	22,480	23,995	11,255	5,465	5,790
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	3,714,635	1,863,450	1,851,190	998,200	496,505	501,695
Non-movers	2,052,580	1,028,510	1,024,070	602,890	300,715	302,175
Movers	1,662,055	834,935	827,120	395,310	195,790	199,520
Non-migrants	899,165	454,700	444,465	201,450	99,955	101,495
Migrants	762,890	380,235	382,655	193,860	95,835	98,025
Internal migrants	559,860	280,255	279,610	147,360	72,815	74,540
Intraprovincial migrants	333,775	165,900	167,875	98,780	47,825	50,950
Interprovincial migrants	226,090	114,355	111,730	48,585	24,995	23,590
External migrants	203,025	99,980	103,045	46,500	23,015	23,485

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Alberta [Province] and Saskatchewan [Province] (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 11, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Alberta [Province] and Saskatchewan [Province]

Census Profile, 2016 Census Alberta [Province] and Saskatchewan [Province]

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Alberta [Province] and Saskatchewan [Province]