Census Profile, 2016 Census
Bruderheim, Town [Census subdivision], Alberta and Vaughan, City [Census subdivision], Ontario

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Bruderheim, T Alberta [Census subdivision]			Vaughan, CY Ontario [Census subdivision]
	Data quality , Bruderheim, Town [Census subdivision], Alberta Map : Bruderheim, Town [Census subdivision], Alberta Change geography 1			Data quality : Vaughan, City [Census subdivision], Ontario Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	1,308	...	...	306,233	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	1,155	...	...	288,301	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	13.2	...	...	6.2	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	622	...	...	96,657	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	502	...	...	94,253	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	183.8	...	...	1,119.4	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	7.12	...	...	273.56	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	1,310	690	620	306,230	149,055	157,175
0 to 14 years	260	135	130	57,525	29,380	28,145
0 to 4 years	90	55	40	16,265	8,265	8,000
5 to 9 years	90	45	50	19,965	10,250	9,720
10 to 14 years	80	40	40	21,300	10,870	10,425
15 to 64 years	910	480	435	205,235	99,450	105,785
15 to 19 years	80	45	35	21,280	10,830	10,450
20 to 24 years	80	30	45	20,285	10,470	9,810
25 to 29 years	90	55	40	17,105	8,500	8,605
30 to 34 years	110	55	55	16,825	7,980	8,845
35 to 39 years	85	50	35	19,430	8,875	10,550
40 to 44 years	85	40	40	23,345	10,905	12,440
45 to 49 years	90	50	35	25,440	12,185	13,255
50 to 54 years	95	55	45	24,480	11,970	12,515
55 to 59 years	110	55	60	20,805	10,085	10,715
60 to 64 years	90	45	40	16,250	7,650	8,595
65 years and over	135	70	60	43,470	20,220	23,250
65 to 69 years	70	40	30	14,645	7,015	7,630
70 to 74 years	20	10	10	9,645	4,670	4,975
75 to 79 years	25	10	10	8,165	3,855	4,310
80 to 84 years	10	5	5	5,680	2,625	3,055
85 years and over	5	5	0	5,340	2,065	3,275
85 to 89 years	5	5	0	3,335	1,370	1,970
90 to 94 years	0	0	0	1,585	565	1,020
95 to 99 years	0	0	0	375	115	255
100 years and over	0	0	0	45	10	35
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	19.8	19.6	21.0	18.8	19.7	17.9
15 to 64 years	69.5	69.6	70.2	67.0	66.7	67.3
65 years and over	10.3	10.1	9.7	14.2	13.6	14.8
85 years and over	0.4	0.7	0.0	1.7	1.4	2.1
Average age of the population	37.0	37.3	36.7	39.2	38.4	39.9
Median age of the population	36.3	37.1	35.4	40.2	39.2	40.9
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	500	...	...	94,250	...	...
Single-detached house	430	...	...	61,215	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	0	...	...	9,805	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	55	...	...	23,230	...	...
Semi-detached house	20	...	...	7,685	...	...
Row house	5	...	...	10,175	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	0	...	...	3,345	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	25	...	...	1,990	...	...
Other single-attached house	0	...	...	30	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	20	...	...	5	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	500	...	...	94,255	...	...
1 person	110	...	...	12,155	...	...
2 persons	185	...	...	22,760	...	...
3 persons	90	...	...	18,295	...	...
4 persons	65	...	...	24,125	...	...
5 or more persons	55	...	...	16,920	...	...
Number of persons in private households	1,305	...	...	304,145	...	...
Average household size	2.6	...	...	3.2	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	1,045	555	490	248,705	119,675	129,035
Married or living common law	655	325	325	154,490	76,905	77,585
Married	505	255	250	147,520	73,440	74,080
Living common law	150	75	80	6,965	3,460	3,500
Not married and not living common law	390	225	165	94,215	42,770	51,450
Never married	260	160	100	67,875	35,590	32,280
Separated	30	15	10	4,860	1,860	3,005
Divorced	70	40	30	9,385	3,195	6,195
Widowed	30	10	25	12,095	2,125	9,965
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	385	...	...	86,550	...	...
2 persons	200	...	...	29,480	...	...
3 persons	75	...	...	20,825	...	...
4 persons	65	...	...	25,825	...	...
5 or more persons	40	...	...	10,420	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	3.2	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	385	...	...	86,550	...	...
Total couple families	325	...	...	75,390	...	...
Married couples	250	...	...	71,910	...	...
Common-law couples	75	...	...	3,480	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	60	...	...	11,165	...	...
Female parent	40	...	...	9,030	...	...
Male parent	20	...	...	2,130	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	320	...	...	75,390	...	...
Couples without children	170	...	...	23,350	...	...
Couples with children	155	...	...	52,035	...	...
1 child	60	...	...	17,075	...	...
2 children	55	...	...	24,810	...	...
3 or more children	35	...	...	10,145	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	60	...	...	11,165	...	...
1 child	30	...	...	6,130	...	...
2 children	15	...	...	3,745	...	...
3 or more children	15	...	...	1,285	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	185	125	65	24,455	9,305	15,145
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	500	...	...	94,255	...	...
One-census-family households	355	...	...	75,520	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	165	...	...	18,965	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	195	...	...	56,560	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	15	...	...	5,310	...	...
Non-census-family households	135	...	...	13,415	...	...
One-person households	110	...	...	12,155	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	20	...	...	1,265	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	1,310	690	620	304,640	148,590	156,055
English only	1,250	665	590	272,895	135,900	136,995
French only	5	0	0	165	65	105
English and French	50	25	25	19,125	7,895	11,225
Neither English nor French	0	0	0	12,455	4,725	7,730
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	1,305	685	620	304,640	148,585	156,055
English	1,280	670	610	287,380	141,715	145,665
French	25	20	5	2,185	970	1,210
English and French	0	0	0	2,805	1,280	1,520
Neither English nor French	0	0	0	12,280	4,625	7,655
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	25	15	5	3,585	1,610	1,975
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	1.9	2.2	0.8	1.2	1.1	1.3
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	1,305	690	615	304,640	148,590	156,055
Single responses	1,300	685	615	292,200	142,635	149,565
Official languages	1,230	655	575	139,610	70,330	69,275
English	1,205	635	565	137,720	69,475	68,245
French	25	15	5	1,885	850	1,035
Non-official languages	65	30	35	152,585	72,305	80,285
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	15	5	5
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	5	5	5
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	5	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	5	5	5
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	5	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	0	5
Non-Aboriginal languages	65	35	35	152,575	72,295	80,280
Afro-Asiatic languages	5	0	0	10,110	5,140	4,975
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	5	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	90	45	50
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	5	5	0
Somali	0	0	0	80	40	40
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	5	5	10,015	5,090	4,925
Amharic	0	0	0	100	45	50
Arabic	5	5	0	2,960	1,485	1,480
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	1,535	740	800
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	480	245	235
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	4,530	2,385	2,145
Maltese	0	0	0	190	95	100
Tigrigna	0	0	0	105	50	55
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	105	45	60
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	4,730	2,125	2,600
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	425	215	210
Vietnamese	0	0	0	4,300	1,910	2,390
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	5	0	0
Austronesian languages	25	5	15	5,305	1,885	3,420
Bikol	0	0	0	5	0	5
Cebuano	0	0	0	85	30	50
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	5
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	45	15	30
Ilocano	0	0	0	385	155	230
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	140	55	80
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	5	5	0	15	10	5
Pangasinan	0	0	0	15	5	5
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	20	5	15	4,595	1,600	3,000
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	5	5	5
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	10	10
Creole languages	0	0	0	85	40	50
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	60	25	35
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	10	15
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	3,865	1,895	1,975
Kannada	0	0	0	45	25	20
Malayalam	0	0	0	380	180	200
Tamil	0	0	0	3,295	1,615	1,680
Telugu	0	0	0	135	75	65
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	40	20	20	104,205	49,710	54,490
Albanian	0	0	0	930	460	470
Armenian	0	0	0	665	320	345
Balto-Slavic languages	15	10	0	25,665	12,020	13,645
Baltic languages	0	0	0	170	75	95
Latvian	0	0	0	45	15	30
Lithuanian	0	0	0	130	60	65
Slavic languages	15	15	5	25,495	11,945	13,550
Belarusan	0	0	0	30	15	20
Bosnian	0	0	0	65	30	30
Bulgarian	0	0	0	290	130	160
Croatian	0	0	0	550	265	290
Czech	0	0	0	85	35	50
Macedonian	0	0	0	365	160	205
Polish	0	0	0	1,595	715	875
Russian	5	0	5	20,685	9,780	10,905
Serbian	0	0	0	545	265	280
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	60	30	30
Slovak	0	0	0	110	50	65
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	170	65	105
Ukrainian	10	5	0	935	400	530
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	5
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Germanic languages	20	10	10	1,550	695	855
Afrikaans	0	0	0	25	5	15
Danish	0	0	0	25	5	20
Dutch	5	5	0	145	60	85
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	15	10	10	630	295	335
Icelandic	0	0	0	5	5	5
Norwegian	0	0	0	10	0	5
Swedish	0	0	0	10	5	10
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	5	5	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	705	315	390
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	1,565	730	830
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	22,215	11,020	11,200
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	15,095	7,485	7,610
Bengali	0	0	0	475	235	240
Gujarati	0	0	0	2,620	1,290	1,335
Hindi	0	0	0	1,565	765	800
Kashmiri	0	0	0	5	5	5
Konkani	0	0	0	25	10	10
Marathi	0	0	0	110	50	65
Nepali	0	0	0	15	5	10
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	15	5	5
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	4,760	2,400	2,360
Sindhi	0	0	0	155	80	75
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	225	110	115
Urdu	0	0	0	5,120	2,525	2,595
Iranian languages	0	0	0	7,070	3,510	3,560
Kurdish	0	0	0	340	190	150
Pashto	0	0	0	130	55	70
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	6,605	3,260	3,340
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	55	30	30
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	51,600	24,465	27,135
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	37,405	17,750	19,655
Portuguese	0	0	0	4,350	2,030	2,315
Romanian	0	0	0	2,465	1,190	1,275
Spanish	0	0	0	7,365	3,485	3,885
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	5	10
Japanese	0	0	0	155	50	105
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	110	60	50
Georgian	0	0	0	105	55	50
Korean	5	0	0	4,170	2,010	2,160
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	10	0	5
Mongolian	0	0	0	5	0	5
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	580	290	290
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	250	125	125
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	15	10	5
Ewe	0	0	0	15	5	10
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	10	5	5
Ganda	0	0	0	5	0	5
Igbo	0	0	0	85	40	45
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	10	5	5
Swahili	0	0	0	30	20	15
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	105	55	50
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	50	20	25
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	5	5	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	5
Sign languages	0	0	0	45	25	15
American Sign Language	0	0	0	5	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	40	25	15
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	16,510	7,770	8,740
Chinese languages	0	0	0	16,455	7,745	8,710
Cantonese	0	0	0	6,310	2,955	3,355
Hakka	0	0	0	245	120	125
Mandarin	0	0	0	8,860	4,185	4,675
Min Dong	0	0	0	5	5	5
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	580	265	320
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	175	85	95
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	275	135	140
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	50	25	25
Burmese	0	0	0	40	15	25
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	245	100	140
Lao	0	0	0	190	85	105
Thai	0	0	0	50	20	35
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	1,455	735	715
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	140	75	65
Turkish	0	0	0	1,245	630	610
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	45	20	25
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	15	15
Uralic languages	0	0	0	975	440	540
Estonian	0	0	0	25	10	10
Finnish	0	0	0	50	15	30
Hungarian	0	0	0	910	410	495
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	15	15
Multiple responses	10	0	10	12,445	5,960	6,490
English and French	0	0	0	470	210	260
English and non-official language	10	5	5	11,310	5,460	5,855
French and non-official language	0	0	0	315	135	180
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	350	150	195
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	1,310	690	620	304,645	148,590	156,050
Single responses	1,280	675	605	273,950	133,860	140,090
Official languages	1,270	675	600	195,730	97,095	98,635
English	1,265	670	600	195,025	96,795	98,225
French	5	5	5	710	305	405
Non-official languages	10	0	5	78,215	36,760	41,455
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	5	0	5
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	5
Non-Aboriginal languages	5	5	5	78,215	36,765	41,455
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	4,850	2,395	2,455
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	45	25	20
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	5	0	5
Somali	0	0	0	40	25	20
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	4,800	2,370	2,435
Amharic	0	0	0	35	15	20
Arabic	0	0	0	1,270	620	650
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	955	430	525
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	255	125	130
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	2,145	1,115	1,030
Maltese	0	0	0	30	15	20
Tigrigna	0	0	0	40	20	20
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	65	25	40
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	2,955	1,335	1,620
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	240	105	135
Vietnamese	0	0	0	2,715	1,225	1,485
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	5	2,105	875	1,230
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	30	10	20
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	5
Ilocano	0	0	0	155	70	85
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	50	25	25
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	10	5	5
Pangasinan	0	0	0	5	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	1,855	765	1,095
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	5	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	5
Creole languages	0	0	0	40	20	15
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	25	10	15
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	5
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	2,450	1,165	1,290
Kannada	0	0	0	5	5	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	185	90	100
Tamil	0	0	0	2,190	1,040	1,150
Telugu	0	0	0	75	35	35
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	5	5	0	49,095	23,005	26,090
Albanian	0	0	0	425	215	215
Armenian	0	0	0	325	145	180
Balto-Slavic languages	5	0	0	15,170	7,215	7,950
Baltic languages	0	0	0	60	30	30
Latvian	0	0	0	10	5	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	55	30	25
Slavic languages	5	5	0	15,105	7,185	7,920
Belarusan	0	0	0	15	5	5
Bosnian	0	0	0	20	15	10
Bulgarian	0	0	0	160	65	90
Croatian	0	0	0	175	85	90
Czech	0	0	0	10	0	5
Macedonian	0	0	0	125	55	70
Polish	5	5	0	575	280	290
Russian	0	0	0	13,285	6,330	6,950
Serbian	0	0	0	260	115	140
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	15	5	5
Slovak	0	0	0	45	25	20
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	40	15	20
Ukrainian	0	0	0	385	175	205
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	180	80	95
Afrikaans	0	0	0	5	5	5
Danish	0	0	0	5	0	5
Dutch	0	0	0	5	0	5
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	95	40	55
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	5	0	5
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	55	30	30
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	465	215	250
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	13,305	6,420	6,885
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	8,730	4,215	4,515
Bengali	0	0	0	235	115	120
Gujarati	0	0	0	1,510	700	815
Hindi	0	0	0	790	395	395
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	5	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	40	15	20
Nepali	0	0	0	5	5	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	5	5	5
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	2,690	1,335	1,355
Sindhi	0	0	0	40	15	20
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	115	55	55
Urdu	0	0	0	3,295	1,575	1,720
Iranian languages	0	0	0	4,560	2,190	2,360
Kurdish	0	0	0	150	80	70
Pashto	0	0	0	50	30	25
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	4,350	2,085	2,270
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	10	10
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	19,225	8,720	10,505
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	12,745	5,620	7,130
Portuguese	0	0	0	1,540	745	790
Romanian	0	0	0	1,240	590	650
Spanish	0	0	0	3,705	1,770	1,935
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	60	25	35
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	45	25	20
Georgian	0	0	0	45	30	15
Korean	0	0	0	3,055	1,495	1,560
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	5	5	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	5	5	5
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	155	65	90
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	90	40	55
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	5	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	20	10	15
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	5
Swahili	0	0	0	5	5	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	25	10	15
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	5
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	5	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	75	50	25
American Sign Language	0	0	0	10	0	5
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	70	45	20
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	12,070	5,695	6,375
Chinese languages	0	0	0	12,030	5,680	6,355
Cantonese	0	0	0	4,405	2,015	2,390
Hakka	0	0	0	100	50	50
Mandarin	0	0	0	6,955	3,340	3,615
Min Dong	0	0	0	5	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	295	135	160
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	110	55	55
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	165	75	85
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	40	20	20
Burmese	0	0	0	35	15	20
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	115	50	65
Lao	0	0	0	100	45	60
Thai	0	0	0	15	5	10
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	850	430	420
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	50	25	25
Turkish	0	0	0	770	390	380
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	10	10	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	10	10
Uralic languages	0	0	0	280	125	160
Estonian	0	0	0	15	10	5
Finnish	0	0	0	5	0	5
Hungarian	0	0	0	265	120	150
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	5
Multiple responses	25	15	15	30,690	14,730	15,960
English and French	0	0	0	470	220	250
English and non-official language	20	15	10	29,600	14,260	15,345
French and non-official language	0	0	0	95	35	60
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	515	210	305
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	1,310	685	620	304,640	148,590	156,055
None	1,265	670	595	218,930	107,660	111,275
English	10	5	5	32,495	15,865	16,630
French	10	5	0	1,680	715	965
Non-official language	25	10	15	50,060	23,695	26,365
Aboriginal	5	5	5	5	5	0
Non-Aboriginal	20	10	15	50,055	23,690	26,360
English and French	0	0	0	210	95	120
English and non-official language	0	0	0	785	390	395
French and non-official language	5	0	0	475	170	305
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	5	5	5
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	1,040	555	490	246,655	119,055	127,605
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	985	530	455	234,815	113,310	121,505
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	43,179	63,808	29,291	35,540	42,197	30,444
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	985	530	455	234,855	113,325	121,530
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	37,696	53,120	27,328	32,383	37,742	28,147
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	880	500	380	214,490	105,610	108,880
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	44,544	65,664	29,248	35,459	42,594	29,826
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	585	265	315	163,880	70,815	93,060
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	5,328	5,120	5,368	2,090	860	3,219
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	800	460	340	181,470	91,375	90,095
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	45,568	69,888	31,808	38,959	45,953	33,574
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	1,045	550	500	246,660	119,100	127,560
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	985	510	475	234,735	113,270	121,465
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	54,745	72,673	35,576	53,441	64,479	43,147
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	985	510	475	234,755	113,280	121,480
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	44,961	58,128	30,882	42,869	50,218	36,015
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	860	480	380	213,980	105,500	108,480
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	56,867	71,349	38,453	53,793	65,278	42,623
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	615	270	345	164,040	71,045	92,990
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	8,143	9,809	6,849	6,303	5,869	6,634
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	800	445	355	181,470	91,500	89,970
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	55,551	70,596	36,882	53,874	64,088	43,488
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	1,045	545	495	246,655	119,100	127,555
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	365	220	145	91,690	51,310	40,380
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	63,681	76,925	42,527	60,665	66,839	54,419
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	69,146	79,730	53,094	76,527	86,319	64,086
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	92.0	93.8	85.2	91.8	94.3	88.2
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	84.6	88.0	75.1	78.6	81.6	74.5
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	8.0	5.2	15.0	8.2	5.7	11.8
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	1,040	555	490	246,655	119,050	127,605
Without total income	55	25	30	11,840	5,740	6,105
With total income	985	530	455	234,815	113,310	121,500
Percentage with total income	94.7	95.5	92.9	95.2	95.2	95.2
Under $10,000 (including loss)	135	40	95	37,625	16,310	21,315
$10,000 to $19,999	105	25	75	38,575	15,885	22,690
$20,000 to $29,999	120	50	65	28,560	12,395	16,165
$30,000 to $39,999	105	50	55	22,185	9,975	12,210
$40,000 to $49,999	100	45	50	20,225	9,085	11,145
$50,000 to $59,999	70	35	35	17,000	8,005	8,995
$60,000 to $69,999	65	35	30	13,995	7,195	6,800
$70,000 to $79,999	45	30	10	11,425	6,220	5,210
$80,000 to $89,999	45	30	10	9,515	5,455	4,060
$90,000 to $99,999	35	25	5	8,890	4,665	4,225
$100,000 and over	175	155	20	26,810	18,120	8,695
$100,000 to $149,999	120	105	20	17,125	10,900	6,220
$150,000 and over	55	55	0	9,685	7,215	2,470
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	1,040	555	490	246,655	119,050	127,605
Without after-tax income	55	25	30	11,800	5,725	6,075
With after-tax income	985	530	460	234,855	113,325	121,535
Percentage with after-tax income	94.7	95.5	93.9	95.2	95.2	95.2
Under $10,000 (including loss)	140	45	95	38,285	16,555	21,730
$10,000 to $19,999	105	30	80	40,210	16,640	23,570
$20,000 to $29,999	140	65	75	32,420	14,120	18,300
$30,000 to $39,999	130	55	75	26,840	12,100	14,740
$40,000 to $49,999	105	55	50	24,180	11,345	12,835
$50,000 to $59,999	80	45	35	18,845	9,665	9,185
$60,000 to $69,999	70	50	20	14,740	8,290	6,455
$70,000 to $79,999	50	40	10	12,510	6,860	5,655
$80,000 and over	170	150	20	26,825	17,760	9,065
$80,000 to $89,999	45	35	5	8,435	4,785	3,655
$90,000 to $99,999	45	40	5	4,955	3,250	1,710
$100,000 and over	75	75	5	13,440	9,725	3,705
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	1,045	550	490	246,655	119,055	127,605
Without employment income	240	90	145	65,185	27,675	37,510
With employment income	800	460	340	181,470	91,375	90,095
Percentage with employment income	76.6	83.6	69.4	73.6	76.8	70.6
Under $5,000 (including loss)	85	35	50	19,950	9,210	10,745
$5,000 to $9,999	40	10	25	14,230	6,445	7,790
$10,000 to $19,999	60	20	45	23,890	10,910	12,975
$20,000 to $29,999	85	40	45	17,890	7,790	10,095
$30,000 to $39,999	85	35	45	16,460	7,105	9,360
$40,000 to $49,999	80	40	40	15,760	6,970	8,785
$50,000 to $59,999	50	25	20	13,810	6,670	7,140
$60,000 to $69,999	45	30	20	11,460	6,080	5,375
$70,000 to $79,999	45	40	5	9,555	5,325	4,235
$80,000 and over	230	190	35	38,460	24,865	13,595
$80,000 to $89,999	45	25	15	8,415	4,935	3,485
$90,000 to $99,999	25	20	5	8,140	4,250	3,895
$100,000 and over	160	145	20	21,905	15,685	6,225
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	500	...	...	94,255	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	103,339	...	...	105,351	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	86,699	...	...	90,615	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	110	...	...	12,155	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	51,328	...	...	40,964	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	45,440	...	...	36,480	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	395	...	...	82,095	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	114,278	...	...	116,295	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	95,744	...	...	99,580	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	505	...	...	94,255	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	107,430	...	...	133,095	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	88,230	...	...	106,775	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	105	...	...	12,160	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	55,322	...	...	59,472	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	46,347	...	...	47,814	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	395	...	...	82,095	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	121,305	...	...	144,001	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	99,382	...	...	115,510	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	500	...	...	94,255	...	...
Under $5,000	10	...	...	965	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	5	...	...	585	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	5	...	...	960	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	10	...	...	1,565	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	15	...	...	2,260	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	10	...	...	2,205	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	5	...	...	2,575	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	15	...	...	2,710	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	5	...	...	2,710	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	20	...	...	2,670	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	30	...	...	5,235	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	30	...	...	5,205	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	25	...	...	5,025	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	30	...	...	4,950	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	20	...	...	4,945	...	...
$100,000 and over	265	...	...	49,700	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	85	...	...	11,540	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	60	...	...	9,960	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	65	...	...	13,745	...	...
$200,000 and over	55	...	...	14,455	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	500	...	...	94,255	...	...
Under $5,000	15	...	...	1,100	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	0	...	...	600	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	5	...	...	995	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	10	...	...	1,645	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	20	...	...	2,420	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	5	...	...	2,410	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	15	...	...	2,810	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	15	...	...	3,155	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	15	...	...	3,165	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	20	...	...	3,200	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	40	...	...	6,415	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	30	...	...	6,290	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	40	...	...	6,320	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	40	...	...	6,230	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	55	...	...	5,925	...	...
$100,000 and over	185	...	...	41,575	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	85	...	...	13,425	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	45	...	...	10,155	...	...
$150,000 and over	65	...	...	17,995	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	380	...	...	81,655	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	111,744	...	...	115,147	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	93,120	...	...	98,601	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...	3.5	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	155	...	...	18,330	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	98,304	...	...	81,849	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	83,200	...	...	71,508	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	155	...	...	52,075	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	134,963	...	...	134,945	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	108,032	...	...	114,530	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	4.2	...	...	4.2	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	60	...	...	9,235	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	69,803	...	...	72,019	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	59,008	...	...	64,311	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.9	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	390	...	...	81,600	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	117,705	...	...	143,173	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	96,650	...	...	114,737	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	155	...	...	18,475	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	103,398	...	...	118,419	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	85,733	...	...	92,939	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	160	...	...	51,935	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	148,662	...	...	162,646	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	120,047	...	...	130,286	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	60	...	...	9,255	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	85,522	...	...	85,586	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	71,723	...	...	71,814	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	160	105	50	16,725	6,935	9,785
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	49,536	59,072	25,728	33,976	41,320	29,798
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	41,344	49,600	24,768	31,232	36,721	27,951
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	125	80	50	16,705	6,945	9,765
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	60,639	67,311	49,489	51,572	59,060	46,248
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	49,859	54,786	41,627	41,978	46,883	38,490
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	1,305	685	620	304,145	148,415	155,730
In the bottom half of the distribution	495	230	260	109,660	51,800	57,860
In the bottom decile	65	30	35	17,550	8,415	9,130
In the second decile	75	30	50	20,645	9,250	11,395
In the third decile	90	45	45	22,620	10,665	11,960
In the fourth decile	125	60	65	23,070	11,060	12,005
In the fifth decile	135	65	70	25,775	12,405	13,370
In the top half of the distribution	810	455	355	194,485	96,615	97,870
In the sixth decile	155	90	65	28,415	13,885	14,530
In the seventh decile	125	65	60	33,030	16,235	16,795
In the eighth decile	145	80	65	38,055	18,850	19,205
In the ninth decile	170	95	80	45,155	22,495	22,655
In the top decile	210	125	85	49,830	25,150	24,680
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	1,300	685	620	304,145	148,420	155,730
0 to 17 years	320	160	155	70,050	35,770	34,280
0 to 5 years	105	60	50	19,945	10,160	9,785
18 to 64 years	855	450	400	192,450	92,935	99,515
65 years and over	130	75	60	41,650	19,715	21,930
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	90	35	55	26,780	12,690	14,090
0 to 17 years	30	15	15	7,375	3,825	3,550
0 to 5 years	10	5	5	2,070	1,105	960
18 to 64 years	45	20	30	15,585	7,320	8,265
65 years and over	15	5	10	3,820	1,540	2,275
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	6.9	5.1	8.9	8.8	8.6	9.0
0 to 17 years (%)	9.4	9.4	9.7	10.5	10.7	10.4
0 to 5 years (%)	9.5	8.3	10.0	10.4	10.9	9.8
18 to 64 years (%)	5.3	4.4	7.5	8.1	7.9	8.3
65 years and over (%)	11.5	6.7	16.7	9.2	7.8	10.4
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	40	20	20	20,855	9,860	10,995
0 to 17 years	15	5	10	5,675	2,950	2,725
0 to 5 years	5	0	5	1,605	865	745
18 to 64 years	25	15	10	12,940	6,025	6,910
65 years and over	5	5	0	2,240	880	1,360
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.1	2.9	3.2	6.9	6.6	7.1
0 to 17 years (%)	4.7	3.1	6.5	8.1	8.2	7.9
0 to 5 years (%)	4.8	0.0	10.0	8.0	8.5	7.6
18 to 64 years (%)	2.9	3.3	2.5	6.7	6.5	6.9
65 years and over (%)	3.8	6.7	0.0	5.4	4.5	6.2
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	1,305	685	620	304,145	148,420	155,725
Official languages	1,305	685	615	291,735	143,635	148,100
English	1,305	690	615	291,605	143,575	148,035
French	60	15	40	19,260	7,860	11,400
Non-official languages	105	40	65	192,610	91,395	101,210
Aboriginal languages	15	10	0	15	15	0
Algonquian languages	15	10	0	15	15	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	10	10	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	15	10	10	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	15	10	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	10	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	15	10	0	0	0	0
Dakota	20	10	10	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	90	30	60	192,600	91,385	101,215
Afro-Asiatic languages	10	10	0	20,880	10,545	10,340
Berber languages	0	0	0	15	0	10
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	10
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	125	60	70
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	15	10	10
Somali	0	0	0	115	55	65
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	10	0	20,745	10,480	10,265
Amharic	0	0	0	250	120	130
Arabic	10	10	0	4,925	2,530	2,400
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	1,870	895	975
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	585	320	260
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	13,730	6,925	6,800
Maltese	0	0	0	310	165	140
Tigrigna	0	0	0	130	60	70
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	130	50	85
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	6,435	2,940	3,495
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	520	265	255
Vietnamese	0	0	0	5,935	2,680	3,260
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Austronesian languages	45	10	35	6,740	2,395	4,345
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	135	45	90
Fijian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	20	15	10
Ilocano	0	0	0	490	200	290
Malagasy	0	0	0	10	10	0
Malay	0	0	0	225	85	140
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10	10	0	15	0	10
Pangasinan	0	0	0	15	10	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	45	10	35	6,365	2,250	4,115
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	20	10	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	55	20	35
Creole languages	0	0	0	350	145	205
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	155	65	90
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	195	80	115
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	5,070	2,405	2,665
Kannada	0	0	0	65	35	25
Malayalam	0	0	0	520	230	290
Tamil	0	0	0	4,370	2,070	2,305
Telugu	0	0	0	215	120	100
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	35	15	15	134,410	64,405	70,005
Albanian	0	0	0	1,005	500	515
Armenian	0	0	0	830	370	455
Balto-Slavic languages	10	10	0	29,285	13,900	15,385
Baltic languages	0	0	0	305	130	170
Latvian	0	0	0	130	45	90
Lithuanian	0	0	0	175	90	85
Slavic languages	10	10	0	29,210	13,875	15,330
Belarusan	0	0	0	110	55	60
Bosnian	0	0	0	80	30	45
Bulgarian	0	0	0	385	150	235
Croatian	0	0	0	690	335	355
Czech	0	0	0	110	60	50
Macedonian	0	0	0	535	255	280
Polish	0	0	0	1,955	935	1,015
Russian	0	0	0	24,540	11,690	12,850
Serbian	0	0	0	670	345	330
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	75	30	40
Slovak	0	0	0	155	65	90
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	215	95	115
Ukrainian	10	0	0	2,320	1,045	1,275
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	20	15
Celtic languages	0	0	0	15	10	10
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	15	10	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	10
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	25	10	15	3,215	1,575	1,635
Afrikaans	0	0	0	405	200	200
Danish	0	0	0	30	0	20
Dutch	0	0	0	200	80	120
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	20	10	15	1,275	640	635
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Swedish	0	0	0	15	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	15	10	10
Yiddish	0	0	0	1,365	675	690
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	2,415	1,150	1,265
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	28,430	14,155	14,275
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	20,010	9,985	10,025
Bengali	0	0	0	615	330	285
Gujarati	0	0	0	3,230	1,525	1,700
Hindi	0	0	0	6,245	3,040	3,205
Kashmiri	0	0	0	15	10	10
Konkani	0	0	0	30	15	15
Marathi	0	0	0	195	90	110
Nepali	0	0	0	65	25	35
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	25	10	15
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	7,740	4,020	3,720
Sindhi	0	0	0	205	85	120
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	400	215	185
Urdu	0	0	0	7,280	3,650	3,635
Iranian languages	0	0	0	8,655	4,290	4,365
Kurdish	0	0	0	555	325	235
Pashto	0	0	0	160	90	70
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	8,045	3,940	4,110
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	115	55	60
Italic (Romance) languages	10	0	10	71,370	33,850	37,520
Catalan	0	0	0	20	10	10
Italian	0	0	0	53,485	25,145	28,340
Portuguese	0	0	0	5,640	2,715	2,925
Romanian	0	0	0	2,815	1,330	1,485
Spanish	0	0	0	11,625	5,620	6,005
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	50	20	30
Japanese	0	0	0	355	130	230
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	160	75	85
Georgian	0	0	0	160	75	85
Korean	0	0	0	4,805	2,335	2,470
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	30	10	15
Mongolian	0	0	0	25	10	15
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	1,165	580	585
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	410	205	205
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	10	0
Ewe	0	0	0	25	10	15
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	20	10	10
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	155	65	95
Lingala	0	0	0	15	10	10
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	250	135	120
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	210	110	95
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	110	60	50
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	10	10	10
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	175	75	100
American Sign Language	0	0	0	55	25	30
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	115	50	65
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	18,945	8,890	10,050
Chinese languages	0	0	0	18,905	8,870	10,035
Cantonese	0	0	0	8,485	3,860	4,625
Hakka	0	0	0	210	100	110
Mandarin	0	0	0	11,285	5,335	5,950
Min Dong	0	0	0	10	0	10
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	755	310	445
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	200	100	100
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	355	150	205
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	50	25	20
Burmese	0	0	0	35	20	20
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	360	145	220
Lao	0	0	0	270	105	160
Thai	0	0	0	105	40	70
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Turkic languages	0	0	0	2,265	1,150	1,120
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	255	145	105
Turkish	0	0	0	1,930	955	970
Uyghur	0	0	0	10	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	65	35	30
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	25	15
Uralic languages	0	0	0	1,165	520	640
Estonian	0	0	0	60	35	25
Finnish	0	0	0	60	20	35
Hungarian	0	0	0	1,045	465	580
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	95	40	55
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	1,305	685	615	304,145	148,420	155,725
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	1,280	680	595	279,835	137,505	142,330
Canadian citizens aged under 18	325	180	145	67,125	34,380	32,745
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	960	500	460	212,710	103,130	109,580
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	20	10	15	24,310	10,910	13,400
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	1,300	685	615	304,145	148,415	155,725
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	1,230	665	560	159,300	79,995	79,305
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	75	20	55	140,960	66,855	74,110
Before 1981	15	0	10	44,155	21,095	23,060
1981 to 1990	15	10	10	19,485	9,625	9,860
1991 to 2000	10	0	10	33,950	16,155	17,795
2001 to 2010	10	0	10	32,580	15,145	17,430
2001 to 2005	0	0	0	18,815	8,875	9,935
2006 to 2010	10	0	10	13,760	6,270	7,495
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	25	10	20	10,790	4,825	5,970
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	0	0	0	3,885	1,570	2,315
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	75	20	50	140,960	66,850	74,110
Under 5 years	0	0	0	12,845	6,220	6,625
5 to 14 years	15	0	15	24,355	11,905	12,450
15 to 24 years	25	15	15	35,085	15,850	19,240
25 to 44 years	30	10	25	56,270	27,365	28,910
45 years and over	0	0	0	12,400	5,515	6,885
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	70	20	55	140,960	66,855	74,110
Americas	10	0	10	14,215	6,590	7,625
Brazil	0	0	0	540	275	270
Colombia	0	0	0	760	345	410
El Salvador	0	0	0	545	275	265
Guyana	0	0	0	2,100	965	1,135
Haiti	0	0	0	35	20	10
Jamaica	0	0	0	2,095	895	1,200
Mexico	0	0	0	360	155	200
Peru	0	0	0	395	190	205
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	820	415	400
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	0	0	0	2,085	895	1,190
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	4,495	2,150	2,340
Europe	25	10	20	56,390	26,725	29,665
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	245	125	125
Croatia	0	0	0	370	165	205
France	0	0	0	285	155	130
Germany	20	10	10	690	265	430
Greece	0	0	0	885	445	440
Hungary	0	0	0	485	210	275
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	0	0	0	75	30	45
Italy	0	0	0	25,375	12,200	13,175
Netherlands	0	0	0	125	50	75
Poland	0	0	0	1,460	665	795
Portugal	0	0	0	2,900	1,425	1,475
Romania	0	0	0	2,270	1,085	1,180
Russian Federation	0	0	0	7,265	3,300	3,965
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	0	0	0	335	160	175
Ukraine	0	0	0	5,665	2,640	3,030
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	10	0	0	1,820	850	965
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	6,150	2,960	3,190
Africa	0	0	0	5,980	2,920	3,055
Algeria	0	0	0	25	10	15
Egypt	0	0	0	645	340	305
Ethiopia	0	0	0	170	100	70
Kenya	0	0	0	330	140	185
Morocco	0	0	0	745	390	355
Nigeria	0	0	0	525	210	315
Somalia	0	0	0	100	25	75
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	1,765	880	890
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	1,665	825	845
Asia	40	10	30	64,065	30,485	33,580
Afghanistan	0	0	0	1,435	735	695
Bangladesh	0	0	0	385	200	180
China^{Census data footnote 59}	0	0	0	8,450	3,825	4,625
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	0	0	0	2,240	1,070	1,170
India	0	0	0	8,355	4,080	4,275
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	0	0	0	4,895	2,375	2,515
Iraq	0	0	0	3,005	1,500	1,505
Japan	0	0	0	110	30	80
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	0	0	0	3,580	1,735	1,840
Lebanon	0	10	0	460	240	215
Pakistan	0	0	0	4,255	2,100	2,155
Philippines	35	10	25	5,920	2,310	3,610
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	3,150	1,545	1,600
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	0	0	0	310	130	175
Taiwan	0	0	0	495	235	265
Viet Nam	0	0	0	5,145	2,335	2,810
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	11,890	6,030	5,855
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	0	0	0	310	125	180
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	25	10	20	10,790	4,820	5,965
Americas	0	0	0	960	415	545
Brazil	0	0	0	100	40	65
Colombia	0	0	0	35	15	20
Cuba	0	0	0	25	0	20
Haiti	0	0	0	0	10	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	85	45	35
Mexico	0	0	0	55	30	25
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	0	0	0	305	145	165
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	0	0	0	30	10	25
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	325	135	190
Europe	0	0	0	1,755	790	965
France	0	0	0	10	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	25	20	10
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	0	0	0	10	10	0
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	0	0	0	145	65	80
Romania	0	0	0	110	30	80
Russian Federation	0	0	0	425	160	265
Ukraine	0	0	0	460	230	230
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	0	0	0	90	65	30
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	485	220	260
Africa	0	0	0	380	190	190
Algeria	0	0	0	10	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	10	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	40	10	30
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	10	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	20	10	10
Nigeria	0	0	0	30	0	30
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	135	60	70
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	135	95	40
Asia	25	10	20	7,675	3,425	4,255
Afghanistan	0	0	0	90	55	35
Bangladesh	0	0	0	85	40	45
China^{Census data footnote 59}	0	0	0	1,635	730	905
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	0	0	0	40	25	15
India	0	0	0	805	395	415
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	0	0	0	825	335	490
Iraq	0	0	0	350	165	185
Israel	0	0	0	510	270	240
Japan	0	0	0	25	10	10
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	0	0	0	305	140	165
Lebanon	0	0	0	15	0	10
Nepal	0	0	0	10	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	875	415	460
Philippines	25	10	20	950	285	665
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	30	20	15
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	155	65	90
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	0	0	0	95	50	50
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	115	60	55
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	65	30	35
Viet Nam	0	0	0	190	80	110
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	505	260	245
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	0	0	0	15	0	15
Australia	0	0	0	10	0	10
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	0	0	0	10	0	10
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	1,305	685	615	304,145	148,415	155,725
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	75	20	55	146,185	69,075	77,105
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	195	110	90	107,495	53,950	53,545
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	1,035	560	470	50,470	25,390	25,080
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	60	15	40	99,150	46,925	52,220
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	35	10	25	52,565	25,835	26,730
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	20	0	20	20,195	13,105	7,095
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	15	10	0	32,370	12,735	19,635
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	20	0	15	29,355	12,025	17,330
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	0	0	0	16,180	8,600	7,580
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	0	0	0	1,055	465	590
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	1,305	685	615	304,145	148,415	155,725
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	120	65	60	630	340	290
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	120	65	55	550	290	265
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	50	30	20	260	135	130
Métis	70	35	40	270	145	125
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	20	15	10
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	0	0	0	80	50	25
Non-Aboriginal identity	1,185	620	560	303,515	148,075	155,440
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	1,300	690	615	304,145	148,420	155,725
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	30	15	10	250	150	105
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	1,275	670	610	303,895	148,270	155,620
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	1,305	690	620	304,145	148,420	155,730
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	15	10	0	80	50	35
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	15	10	0	85	45	35
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	0	0	0	70	40	30
Métis single ancestry	15	10	0	15	10	10
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	120	70	55	850	470	380
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	120	70	55	845	470	375
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	50	35	20	645	365	285
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	70	35	35	200	105	95
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	0	0	0	10	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	10	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	1,165	610	555	303,215	147,900	155,310
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	1,300	690	615	304,145	148,415	155,725
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	70	20	50	107,685	52,100	55,580
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	0	0	0	30,610	15,320	15,290
Chinese	0	0	0	20,790	10,085	10,705
Black	0	0	0	8,325	3,970	4,360
Filipino	35	10	20	8,675	3,520	5,155
Latin American	0	0	0	7,360	3,605	3,750
Arab	25	10	15	4,280	2,225	2,055
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	15	0	15	6,850	3,200	3,650
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	0	0	0	8,695	4,280	4,415
Korean	0	0	0	5,345	2,595	2,755
Japanese	0	0	0	285	125	160
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	0	0	0	2,325	1,095	1,235
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	0	0	0	4,140	2,085	2,050
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	1,235	665	570	196,465	96,315	100,145
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	1,305	690	615	304,145	148,420	155,725
North American Aboriginal origins	135	80	60	930	515	415
First Nations (North American Indian)	50	35	20	715	405	315
Inuit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis	85	45	40	220	110	110
Other North American origins	415	220	195	25,545	12,820	12,720
Acadian	0	10	0	30	10	25
American	10	10	0	1,985	965	1,015
Canadian	405	215	185	24,185	12,190	11,995
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	55	25	25
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0	10	10
Ontarian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Québécois	0	0	0	20	10	15
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	0	0	10	10	0	0
European origins	960	530	430	186,295	91,165	95,135
British Isles origins	650	360	290	20,370	10,170	10,205
Channel Islander	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cornish	0	0	0	0	0	0
English	350	200	155	11,580	5,875	5,700
Irish	325	190	135	7,185	3,425	3,760
Manx	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish	335	195	135	6,775	3,410	3,365
Welsh	50	25	20	585	315	275
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	15	10	0	2,065	990	1,075
French origins	210	105	110	4,595	2,170	2,420
Alsatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	0	0	0
Corsican	0	0	0	0	0	0
French	215	105	110	4,595	2,170	2,420
Western European origins (except French origins)	370	165	210	9,715	4,820	4,900
Austrian	10	10	0	1,565	775	795
Bavarian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Belgian	0	0	0	290	125	160
Dutch	110	55	55	1,590	785	815
Flemish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	10	10	0
German	275	110	165	6,630	3,330	3,305
Luxembourger	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss	20	20	0	330	140	195
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	0	0	0	55	30	20
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	130	55	75	945	470	475
Danish	55	30	25	195	95	95
Finnish	35	15	20	215	100	115
Icelandic	0	0	0	55	40	20
Norwegian	40	20	20	215	90	125
Swedish	20	0	10	270	155	115
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	0	0	0	35	10	25
Eastern European origins	205	130	70	52,100	25,025	27,080
Bulgarian	0	0	0	725	330	395
Byelorussian	0	0	0	1,180	550	630
Czech	0	0	0	675	335	335
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	0	0	0	390	195	190
Estonian	0	0	0	225	105	120
Hungarian	25	15	10	3,495	1,785	1,715
Latvian	0	0	0	855	425	430
Lithuanian	0	0	0	2,100	1,090	1,010
Moldovan	0	0	0	715	350	360
Polish	70	45	25	18,265	8,800	9,470
Romanian	15	0	0	5,535	2,725	2,805
Russian	10	10	10	25,635	12,245	13,395
Slovak	0	0	0	495	205	290
Ukrainian	140	95	50	9,570	4,640	4,930
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	0	0	0	1,075	500	575
Southern European origins	35	20	20	114,055	55,950	58,110
Albanian	0	0	0	1,190	600	595
Bosnian	0	0	0	125	35	90
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	1,500	740	760
Cypriot	0	0	0	185	90	95
Greek	10	0	0	5,065	2,510	2,555
Italian	15	10	0	94,725	46,535	48,190
Kosovar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	1,010	480	530
Maltese	0	0	0	1,230	630	595
Montenegrin	0	0	0	20	10	10
Portuguese	0	0	0	9,145	4,450	4,695
Serbian	0	0	0	865	430	440
Sicilian	0	0	0	120	50	70
Slovenian	0	0	0	650	295	350
Spanish	15	10	10	5,410	2,650	2,765
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	10	0	10	220	110	110
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	0	0	0	25	10	10
Other European origins	10	0	0	14,590	7,255	7,330
Basque	0	0	0	15	0	15
Jewish	0	0	0	13,655	6,815	6,835
Roma (Gypsy)	0	0	0	20	15	10
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	0	0	0	20	10	10
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	10	0	10	920	440	475
Caribbean origins	0	0	0	7,145	3,415	3,725
Antiguan	0	0	0	40	20	20
Bahamian	0	0	0	25	15	10
Barbadian	0	0	0	340	175	165
Bermudan	0	0	0	20	10	10
Carib	0	0	0	25	0	15
Cuban	0	0	0	390	165	220
Dominican	0	0	0	350	185	160
Grenadian	0	0	0	165	80	85
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	0	0	0	55	30	30
Jamaican	0	0	0	3,905	1,815	2,090
Kittitian/Nevisian	0	0	0	25	10	15
Martinican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montserratan	0	0	0	0	0	10
Puerto Rican	0	0	0	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	20	10	10
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	790	430	355
Vincentian/Grenadinian	0	0	0	175	85	95
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	0	0	0	1,140	510	630
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	0	0	0	295	140	155
Latin, Central and South American origins	0	0	0	10,460	5,040	5,420
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	0	0	0	275	115	160
Arawak	0	0	0	0	0	10
Argentinian	0	0	0	700	345	350
Belizean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bolivian	0	0	0	35	15	15
Brazilian	0	0	0	570	260	310
Chilean	0	0	0	520	250	265
Colombian	0	0	0	1,225	605	615
Costa Rican	0	0	0	130	60	65
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	1,940	870	1,070
Guatemalan	0	0	0	300	130	170
Guyanese	0	0	0	1,760	770	985
Hispanic	0	0	0	245	140	105
Honduran	0	0	0	125	65	60
Maya	0	0	0	10	10	0
Mexican	0	0	0	725	380	345
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	345	185	160
Panamanian	0	0	0	40	30	10
Paraguayan	0	0	0	20	20	0
Peruvian	0	0	0	565	325	245
Salvadorean	0	0	0	695	365	335
Uruguayan	0	0	0	180	85	100
Venezuelan	0	0	0	255	95	155
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	0	0	0	520	270	250
African origins	10	0	10	9,830	4,990	4,840
Central and West African origins	0	0	0	1,725	835	890
Akan	0	0	0	30	15	10
Angolan	0	0	0	20	10	10
Ashanti	0	0	0	20	10	10
Beninese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burkinabe	0	0	0	10	10	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	50	25	30
Chadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0	40	30	10
Edo	0	0	0	30	15	10
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gabonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gambian	0	0	0	0	0	10
Ghanaian	0	0	0	720	355	365
Guinean	0	0	0	10	10	0
Ibo	0	0	0	210	100	105
Ivorian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Liberian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malinké	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	0	0	0	480	210	270
Peulh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sierra Leonean	0	0	0	30	10	20
Togolese	0	0	0	0	10	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	115	65	50
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	0	0	0	70	35	35
North African origins	0	0	0	3,865	2,055	1,815
Algerian	0	0	0	55	30	25
Berber	0	0	0	65	20	40
Coptic	0	0	0	50	25	25
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	0	0	0	1,300	690	605
Libyan	0	0	0	45	30	10
Maure	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moroccan	0	0	0	2,280	1,200	1,085
Sudanese	0	0	0	50	35	20
Tunisian	0	0	0	280	150	125
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins	0	0	0	2,725	1,365	1,365
Afrikaner	0	0	0	10	10	0
Amhara	0	0	0	50	15	35
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Djiboutian	0	0	0	20	10	10
Eritrean	0	0	0	195	110	85
Ethiopian	0	0	0	285	140	145
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0	85	30	55
Malagasy	0	0	0	15	10	0
Mauritian	0	0	0	60	25	30
Oromo	0	0	0	55	25	30
Rwandan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Seychellois	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	220	110	105
South African	0	0	0	1,530	750	775
Tanzanian	0	0	0	55	35	20
Tigrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	25	20	0
Zambian	0	0	0	30	10	25
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	70	40	30
Zulu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	0	0	0	130	65	65
Other African origins	0	0	10	1,570	750	820
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	0	0	0	170	80	90
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	0	0	0	1,415	680	740
Asian origins	70	20	50	101,875	49,200	52,670
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	25	10	15	26,400	13,100	13,295
Afghan	0	0	0	2,305	1,145	1,165
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	0	0	0	925	435	490
Armenian	0	0	0	1,415	650	770
Assyrian	0	0	0	1,385	670	720
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	615	300	315
Georgian	0	0	0	325	150	175
Hazara	0	0	0	15	0	15
Iranian	0	0	0	6,685	3,280	3,405
Iraqi	0	0	0	3,135	1,585	1,550
Israeli	0	0	0	4,970	2,540	2,430
Jordanian	0	0	0	240	115	125
Kazakh	0	0	0	80	25	55
Kurd	0	0	0	570	295	275
Kuwaiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	0	0	0	50	30	20
Lebanese	25	10	15	1,110	630	480
Palestinian	0	0	0	525	285	240
Pashtun	0	0	0	80	50	30
Saudi Arabian	0	0	0	45	35	10
Syrian	0	0	0	475	250	225
Tajik	0	0	0	45	25	25
Tatar	0	0	0	300	160	145
Turk	0	0	0	1,985	970	1,010
Turkmen	0	0	0	70	35	35
Uighur	0	0	0	20	10	10
Uzbek	0	0	0	225	95	130
Yemeni	0	0	0	335	150	185
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	0	0	0	790	405	385
South Asian origins	0	0	0	31,585	15,680	15,900
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	230	125	105
Bengali	0	0	0	160	75	85
Bhutanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
East Indian	0	0	0	20,595	10,255	10,340
Goan	0	0	0	40	30	15
Gujarati	0	0	0	125	55	75
Kashmiri	0	0	0	70	30	35
Nepali	0	0	0	50	25	25
Pakistani	0	0	0	4,570	2,285	2,285
Punjabi	0	0	0	1,485	785	695
Sinhalese	0	0	0	145	80	65
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	3,485	1,675	1,805
Tamil	0	0	0	1,270	605	665
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	0	0	0	1,765	885	880
East and Southeast Asian origins	45	10	35	44,870	20,930	23,940
Burmese	0	0	0	55	25	30
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	835	455	390
Chinese	10	0	10	24,130	11,685	12,445
Filipino	40	15	35	9,140	3,745	5,400
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	135	60	75
Japanese	0	0	0	510	195	315
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	5,570	2,690	2,880
Laotian	0	0	0	325	175	150
Malaysian	0	0	0	140	65	75
Mongolian	0	0	0	75	30	45
Singaporean	0	0	0	20	0	15
Taiwanese	0	0	0	275	125	155
Thai	0	0	0	135	60	75
Tibetan	0	0	0	20	15	10
Vietnamese	0	0	0	6,850	3,200	3,650
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	0	0	0	105	55	50
Other Asian origins	0	0	0	235	110	120
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	0	0	0	230	110	120
Oceania origins	0	0	0	210	90	125
Australian	0	0	0	75	35	45
New Zealander	0	0	0	50	20	35
Pacific Islands origins	0	0	0	90	35	50
Fijian	0	0	0	70	30	40
Hawaiian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maori	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Samoan	0	0	0	15	0	15
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	0	0	0	15	0	10
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	500	...	...	94,255	...	...
Owner	390	...	...	84,490	...	...
Renter	110	...	...	9,765	...	...
Band housing	0	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	500	...	...	94,255	...	...
Condominium	20	...	...	13,295	...	...
Not condominium	485	...	...	80,960	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	505	...	...	94,250	...	...
No bedrooms	0	...	...	145	...	...
1 bedroom	35	...	...	5,120	...	...
2 bedrooms	60	...	...	9,200	...	...
3 bedrooms	195	...	...	28,455	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	220	...	...	51,330	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	500	...	...	94,250	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	55	...	...	13,960	...	...
5 rooms	75	...	...	11,665	...	...
6 rooms	95	...	...	13,390	...	...
7 rooms	110	...	...	14,265	...	...
8 or more rooms	170	...	...	40,970	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.9	...	...	7.2	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	500	...	...	94,255	...	...
One person or fewer per room	500	...	...	92,125	...	...
More than 1 person per room	0	...	...	2,130	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	505	...	...	94,250	...	...
Suitable	485	...	...	89,295	...	...
Not suitable	20	...	...	4,960	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	500	...	...	94,250	...	...
1960 or before	65	...	...	1,405	...	...
1961 to 1980	280	...	...	6,260	...	...
1981 to 1990	50	...	...	20,775	...	...
1991 to 2000	15	...	...	22,515	...	...
2001 to 2005	30	...	...	17,090	...	...
2006 to 2010	50	...	...	16,355	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	15	...	...	9,850	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	505	...	...	94,250	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	450	...	...	92,060	...	...
Major repairs needed	55	...	...	2,195	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	505	...	...	94,250	...	...
1 household maintainer	305	...	...	43,390	...	...
2 household maintainers	190	...	...	46,980	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	10	...	...	3,885	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	500	...	...	94,255	...	...
15 to 24 years	25	...	...	450	...	...
25 to 34 years	65	...	...	7,555	...	...
35 to 44 years	95	...	...	19,205	...	...
45 to 54 years	115	...	...	25,720	...	...
55 to 64 years	115	...	...	19,320	...	...
65 to 74 years	75	...	...	12,375	...	...
75 to 84 years	10	...	...	7,370	...	...
85 years and over	0	...	...	2,260	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	505	...	...	94,125	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	415	...	...	66,510	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	85	...	...	27,620	...	...
30% to less than 100%	80	...	...	23,575	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	390	...	...	84,470	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	78.2	...	...	62.1	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	9.0	...	...	26.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,370	...	...	1,827	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,311	...	...	1,908	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	259,802	...	...	801,884	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	260,371	...	...	893,065	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	110	...	...	9,755	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	0.0	...	...	8.6	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	45.5	...	...	52.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,201	...	...	1,566	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,177	...	...	1,587	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	1,045	550	495	246,655	119,100	127,555
No certificate, diploma or degree	285	155	125	43,715	20,495	23,225
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	360	165	195	61,890	30,275	31,620
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	400	225	180	141,050	68,330	72,715
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	165	125	45	12,360	8,680	3,675
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	40	25	10	6,360	4,080	2,275
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	130	100	35	5,995	4,605	1,395
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	155	60	95	42,365	19,525	22,845
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	35	20	15	7,015	3,225	3,795
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	40	15	20	79,310	36,910	42,400
Bachelor's degree	30	10	20	52,620	23,445	29,175
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	10	0	0	6,810	3,060	3,750
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	2,370	1,285	1,090
Master's degree	0	0	0	15,425	7,855	7,575
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	0	0	0	2,080	1,265	810
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	725	375	350	163,525	78,255	85,270
No certificate, diploma or degree	165	90	75	13,460	6,785	6,680
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	255	115	140	35,060	17,100	17,955
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	310	170	135	115,000	54,370	60,630
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	135	100	30	8,375	5,755	2,620
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	30	20	10	4,300	2,690	1,610
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	105	80	20	4,075	3,065	1,010
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	115	40	75	34,530	15,620	18,910
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	20	10	10	5,525	2,525	3,005
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	35	10	25	66,570	30,470	36,100
Bachelor's degree	30	10	20	43,545	19,235	24,310
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	0	0	0	5,720	2,460	3,260
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	1,980	1,040	940
Master's degree	0	0	0	13,615	6,750	6,865
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	0	0	0	1,710	985	725
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	1,045	550	500	246,655	119,100	127,555
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	645	330	320	105,610	50,765	54,845
Education	20	0	25	9,045	1,595	7,450
13. Education	25	0	20	9,050	1,595	7,450
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	10	0	10	5,275	2,160	3,115
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	10	10	0	645	475	170
50. Visual and performing arts	0	0	0	4,625	1,680	2,945
Humanities	0	10	0	8,005	2,495	5,510
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	0	0	0	1,450	280	1,170
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	1,825	425	1,400
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	0	0	0	2,605	835	1,770
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	0	0	0	15	0	10
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	450	200	250
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	405	280	125
54. History	10	10	0	925	445	490
55. French language and literature/letters	0	0	0	325	25	305
Social and behavioural sciences and law	25	10	20	20,130	6,530	13,605
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	210	35	175
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	10	0	0	1,495	570	930
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0	10	3,050	235	2,810
22. Legal professions and studies	0	0	0	4,125	1,400	2,720
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	0	0	0	220	45	175
42. Psychology	0	0	10	3,080	720	2,360
45. Social sciences	0	0	0	7,950	3,525	4,425
Business, management and public administration	50	20	30	34,255	15,980	18,280
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	90	20	70
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	10	1,685	325	1,365
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	40	15	25	32,475	15,635	16,845
Physical and life sciences and technologies	0	0	0	6,535	2,890	3,645
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	2,420	865	1,560
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	1,820	790	1,035
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	0	0	0	120	35	80
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	1,975	1,165	810
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	200	45	160
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	10	10	10	8,470	5,325	3,150
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	0	10	10	6,490	4,400	2,095
25. Library science	0	0	0	255	20	230
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	1,545	795	750
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	0	0	0	180	110	75
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	170	145	25	28,145	24,190	3,950
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	1,625	1,100	520
14. Engineering	0	0	0	12,245	9,365	2,875
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	25	10	10	4,540	4,135	405
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	65	60	0	4,610	4,555	55
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	55	50	10	3,445	3,415	30
48. Precision production	20	20	0	1,680	1,620	60
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	10	10	0	1,045	575	465
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	0	0	0	695	400	295
03. Natural resources and conservation	10	0	10	350	175	175
Health and related fields	60	20	40	14,075	3,890	10,185
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	0	0	0	1,395	735	660
51. Health professions and related programs	60	20	40	12,050	2,815	9,235
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	0	0	0	625	340	285
Personal, protective and transportation services	40	15	30	6,055	2,700	3,355
12. Personal and culinary services	30	10	30	4,300	1,295	3,005
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	10	10
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	30	30	0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	1,055	825	230
49. Transportation and materials moving	10	10	0	665	545	115
Other	0	0	0	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	725	375	350	163,525	78,250	85,265
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	420	200	215	48,520	23,885	24,640
Education	20	0	20	7,380	1,285	6,095
13. Education	20	0	20	7,380	1,285	6,095
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	10	0	0	4,140	1,645	2,495
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	470	335	135
50. Visual and performing arts	10	0	0	3,670	1,310	2,360
Humanities	10	10	0	6,390	1,945	4,445
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	0	0	0	1,225	210	1,015
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	1,390	330	1,060
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	0	0	0	2,085	650	1,435
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	0	0	0	10	0	10
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	360	170	195
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	350	240	110
54. History	0	0	0	690	330	360
55. French language and literature/letters	0	0	0	285	15	270
Social and behavioural sciences and law	10	0	15	16,510	5,235	11,280
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	175	30	145
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	0	0	0	1,150	465	690
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0	10	2,265	125	2,140
22. Legal professions and studies	0	0	0	3,595	1,090	2,500
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	0	0	0	175	35	140
42. Psychology	10	0	0	2,510	570	1,940
45. Social sciences	0	0	0	6,645	2,925	3,725
Business, management and public administration	25	10	15	29,225	13,300	15,930
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	70	15	60
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	1,355	225	1,130
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	25	10	20	27,800	13,060	14,745
Physical and life sciences and technologies	0	0	0	5,105	2,175	2,930
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	1,870	625	1,240
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	1,380	565	810
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	0	0	0	100	30	70
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	1,615	925	690
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	140	35	110
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	10	0	0	7,650	4,745	2,910
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	10	10	0	6,025	4,050	1,975
25. Library science	0	0	0	205	20	190
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	1,260	595	670
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	0	0	0	150	80	75
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	145	125	20	21,960	18,675	3,280
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	1,410	950	455
14. Engineering	0	0	0	10,160	7,715	2,440
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	20	15	10	3,540	3,245	300
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	60	55	10	3,325	3,285	40
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	40	40	10	2,475	2,460	15
48. Precision production	20	20	0	1,055	1,020	30
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	15	10	10	825	425	395
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	10	0	0	555	290	265
03. Natural resources and conservation	10	10	0	270	135	140
Health and related fields	45	0	35	11,370	3,040	8,325
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	0	0	0	1,015	530	490
51. Health professions and related programs	45	10	35	9,850	2,245	7,610
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	0	0	0	500	270	230
Personal, protective and transportation services	30	15	15	4,430	1,895	2,535
12. Personal and culinary services	20	10	20	3,105	855	2,250
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	10
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	20	20	0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	785	605	185
49. Transportation and materials moving	10	10	0	515	415	100
Other	0	0	0	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	0	0	0	0	0	10
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	1,045	550	495	246,655	119,100	127,555
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	645	325	325	105,610	50,765	54,845
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	400	225	180	141,045	68,335	72,710
Location of study inside Canada	370	215	155	97,265	47,275	49,990
Same as province or territory of residence	260	155	105	92,740	45,040	47,700
Different than province or territory of residence	105	55	45	4,520	2,240	2,290
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	35	10	20	43,785	21,055	22,725
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	0	0	0	3,790	1,985	1,805
Philippines	20	0	20	3,230	1,025	2,205
India	0	0	0	3,360	1,615	1,740
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	0	0	0	1,440	790	650
China^{Census data footnote 162}	0	0	0	3,260	1,550	1,715
France	0	0	0	175	85	90
Other	15	10	0	28,530	14,005	14,525
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	725	375	350	163,525	78,250	85,270
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	420	205	215	48,520	23,885	24,635
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	305	170	135	114,995	54,365	60,630
Location of study inside Canada	275	165	115	80,270	38,305	41,960
Same as province or territory of residence	200	125	75	76,515	36,445	40,075
Different than province or territory of residence	75	35	40	3,755	1,870	1,890
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	30	10	20	34,730	16,060	18,670
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	0	0	0	3,130	1,525	1,605
Philippines	25	0	15	2,785	875	1,910
India	0	0	0	2,735	1,260	1,475
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	0	0	0	1,000	540	455
China^{Census data footnote 162}	0	0	0	2,810	1,310	1,500
France	0	0	0	155	75	80
Other	10	0	10	22,115	10,470	11,650
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	1,045	550	495	246,655	119,100	127,555
In the labour force	740	410	325	169,220	87,365	81,865
Employed	685	380	305	159,440	82,555	76,885
Unemployed	60	35	20	9,785	4,805	4,980
Not in the labour force	310	135	170	77,430	31,735	45,695
Participation rate	70.8	74.5	65.7	68.6	73.4	64.2
Employment rate	65.6	69.1	61.6	64.6	69.3	60.3
Unemployment rate	8.1	8.5	6.2	5.8	5.5	6.1
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	1,050	550	500	246,660	119,100	127,555
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	300	125	170	73,560	30,160	43,400
Worked	750	420	325	173,095	88,940	84,160
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	365	220	145	94,450	53,195	41,255
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	385	205	185	78,645	35,745	42,905
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.9	41.7	42.1	43.4	44.3	42.5
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	740	415	330	169,225	87,360	81,860
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	10	0	10	3,295	1,545	1,745
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	730	410	325	165,930	85,810	80,115
Employee	700	390	315	141,155	68,715	72,440
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	25	15	10	24,775	17,100	7,680
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	740	415	325	169,225	87,360	81,860
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	10	10	10	3,295	1,550	1,750
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	730	410	325	165,930	85,815	80,120
0 Management occupations	45	20	20	23,080	14,820	8,265
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	95	20	75	32,085	9,995	22,095
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	35	30	0	15,195	11,265	3,930
3 Health occupations	35	10	30	8,315	2,255	6,065
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	25	0	20	19,060	4,920	14,140
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	10	0	10	5,005	2,240	2,765
6 Sales and service occupations	195	60	135	36,555	17,170	19,385
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	225	205	25	19,060	18,210	855
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	25	15	10	1,060	930	130
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	45	40	0	6,505	4,010	2,495
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	740	415	330	169,225	87,365	81,860
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	10	10	10	3,295	1,550	1,745
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	730	410	325	165,930	85,815	80,120
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	30	25	0	265	175	100
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	30	25	10	190	115	70
22 Utilities	0	10	0	715	490	225
23 Construction	115	100	10	15,095	12,540	2,550
31-33 Manufacturing	65	60	0	16,985	10,865	6,120
41 Wholesale trade	25	20	10	8,745	5,370	3,375
44-45 Retail trade	95	40	50	19,525	9,460	10,065
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	45	30	15	6,990	5,155	1,835
51 Information and cultural industries	10	0	10	3,995	2,340	1,655
52 Finance and insurance	10	0	10	12,545	5,805	6,740
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	10	10	0	5,080	2,745	2,335
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	20	10	15	17,775	9,990	7,785
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0	455	165	290
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	50	20	30	5,975	3,255	2,715
61 Educational services	15	0	10	14,300	3,645	10,655
62 Health care and social assistance	55	10	40	13,470	2,760	10,710
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	0	0	10	2,920	1,515	1,405
72 Accommodation and food services	65	15	55	7,770	3,585	4,180
81 Other services (except public administration)	40	25	15	7,420	3,125	4,290
91 Public administration	55	10	40	5,720	2,725	3,000
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	685	375	305	159,440	82,555	76,885
Worked at home	20	0	20	11,960	5,795	6,160
Worked outside Canada	0	0	0	815	540	280
No fixed workplace address	120	90	30	19,060	13,940	5,125
Worked at usual place	540	290	255	127,595	62,275	65,320
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	545	290	250	127,595	62,280	65,320
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	55	15	35	46,780	21,465	25,310
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	80	35	40	13,085	6,010	7,075
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	410	235	175	67,570	34,720	32,860
Commute to a different province or territory	0	0	0	165	85	75
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	665	375	285	146,660	76,215	70,445
Car, truck, van - as a driver	580	330	250	114,695	63,545	51,150
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	35	10	20	8,800	3,075	5,725
Public transit	25	25	0	18,690	7,785	10,910
Walked	10	10	0	2,645	965	1,680
Bicycle	0	0	0	325	220	105
Other method	10	0	10	1,500	630	870
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	665	380	285	146,660	76,215	70,450
Less than 15 minutes	120	45	75	22,175	9,425	12,745
15 to 29 minutes	255	150	105	44,665	23,265	21,405
30 to 44 minutes	115	70	40	38,550	21,120	17,430
45 to 59 minutes	95	65	25	18,105	10,000	8,110
60 minutes and over	75	45	30	23,165	12,405	10,760
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	665	380	290	146,660	76,215	70,445
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	125	85	45	7,385	5,940	1,445
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	170	125	45	22,440	14,640	7,795
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	135	75	65	40,775	19,940	20,835
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	70	25	45	36,190	16,415	19,775
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	35	10	25	21,645	9,795	11,850
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	130	70	60	18,230	9,485	8,750
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	790	445	340	178,835	91,525	87,315
Single responses	780	440	340	174,915	89,875	85,040
Official languages	770	440	335	171,745	88,345	83,405
English	770	440	335	171,305	88,280	83,020
French	0	0	0	445	60	380
Non-official languages	0	0	0	3,165	1,530	1,635
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	10	0	10	3,170	1,535	1,640
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	175	50	120
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	170	55	120
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	40	25	15
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	10	0	10
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	130	25	100
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	160	60	100
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	160	60	105
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	50	10	40
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	10	10	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	40	10	35
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	40	30	10
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	40	35	10
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	0	0	10	1,505	780	735
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	645	290	355
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	645	290	360
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	10
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	600	260	335
Serbian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	15	10	10
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	10	0	10	20	15	10
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	15	15	10
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	10	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	305	180	130
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	140	85	60
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	20	10	10
Hindi	0	0	0	15	10	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	55	30	25
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	50	35	20
Iranian languages	0	0	0	165	95	65
Kurdish	0	0	0	20	10	10
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	140	80	65
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	530	290	240
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	185	100	85
Portuguese	0	0	0	120	85	40
Romanian	0	0	0	30	15	20
Spanish	0	0	0	190	90	95
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	10	0	15
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	10
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	10
Korean	0	0	0	400	205	195
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	10	10	10
American Sign Language	0	0	0	10	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	10	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	800	380	420
Chinese languages	0	0	0	795	375	420
Cantonese	0	0	0	280	115	175
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	485	255	230
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	35	10	25
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	10	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	10	10	0	3,920	1,650	2,270
English and French	10	10	0	635	170	465
English and non-official language	10	0	0	3,215	1,455	1,760
French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	70	20	45
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	790	450	340	178,840	91,525	87,310
None	790	450	340	164,185	84,145	80,035
English	0	0	0	1,800	775	1,025
French	0	0	10	1,525	655	865
Non-official language	0	0	0	11,155	5,870	5,275
Aboriginal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	0	0	0	11,155	5,870	5,280
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	0	0	0	35	0	30
French and non-official language	0	0	0	145	65	75
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	1,280	675	610	301,340	147,045	154,295
Non-movers	1,080	555	520	275,725	134,480	141,240
Movers	205	120	85	25,620	12,565	13,055
Non-migrants	50	30	15	14,065	6,820	7,245
Migrants	150	90	65	11,555	5,740	5,815
Internal migrants	150	85	65	9,025	4,595	4,435
Intraprovincial migrants	125	70	60	8,355	4,260	4,090
Interprovincial migrants	25	15	0	675	330	350
External migrants	0	0	0	2,530	1,150	1,375
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	1,240	640	595	287,845	139,935	147,915
Non-movers	750	375	375	202,770	98,730	104,035
Movers	485	265	225	85,075	41,205	43,875
Non-migrants	90	40	50	46,450	22,545	23,910
Migrants	400	220	170	38,625	18,660	19,965
Internal migrants	390	220	165	27,285	13,605	13,680
Intraprovincial migrants	305	180	125	25,455	12,745	12,710
Interprovincial migrants	85	50	40	1,835	860	970
External migrants	10	0	10	11,340	5,055	6,285

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Return to footnote 181 referrer

Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Bruderheim, T [Census subdivision], Alberta and Vaughan, CY [Census subdivision], Ontario (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 28, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Bruderheim, Town [Census subdivision], Alberta and Vaughan, City [Census subdivision], Ontario

Census Profile, 2016 Census Bruderheim, Town [Census subdivision], Alberta and Vaughan, City [Census subdivision], Ontario

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Bruderheim, Town [Census subdivision], Alberta and Vaughan, City [Census subdivision], Ontario