Census Profile, 2016 Census
Spruce Grove, City [Census subdivision], Alberta and Pelham, Town [Census subdivision], Ontario

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Spruce Grove, CY Alberta [Census subdivision]			Pelham, T Ontario [Census subdivision]
	Data quality , Spruce Grove, City [Census subdivision], Alberta Map : Spruce Grove, City [Census subdivision], Alberta Change geography 1			Data quality : Pelham, Town [Census subdivision], Ontario Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	34,066	...	...	17,110	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	26,171	...	...	16,598	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	30.2	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	13,109	...	...	6,596	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	12,552	...	...	6,469	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	1,057.9	...	...	135.3	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	32.20	...	...	126.43	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	34,070	16,935	17,130	17,110	8,385	8,725
0 to 14 years	7,695	3,915	3,775	2,500	1,265	1,235
0 to 4 years	2,770	1,400	1,375	660	335	325
5 to 9 years	2,655	1,350	1,305	870	435	435
10 to 14 years	2,260	1,165	1,095	970	495	475
15 to 64 years	22,830	11,395	11,440	10,445	5,150	5,295
15 to 19 years	1,995	1,040	955	1,050	550	500
20 to 24 years	2,260	1,165	1,100	965	495	465
25 to 29 years	2,625	1,285	1,345	660	350	315
30 to 34 years	3,100	1,530	1,580	645	320	320
35 to 39 years	2,770	1,390	1,380	765	365	400
40 to 44 years	2,460	1,270	1,195	930	445	485
45 to 49 years	2,105	1,075	1,030	1,170	565	605
50 to 54 years	2,085	995	1,090	1,425	665	765
55 to 59 years	1,845	895	955	1,390	700	685
60 to 64 years	1,585	765	820	1,445	690	760
65 years and over	3,540	1,625	1,915	4,165	1,970	2,195
65 to 69 years	1,380	635	750	1,335	650	685
70 to 74 years	920	450	470	1,000	515	480
75 to 79 years	590	285	305	710	340	370
80 to 84 years	390	170	220	535	260	275
85 years and over	255	90	165	595	200	390
85 to 89 years	170	70	105	360	140	220
90 to 94 years	65	20	45	175	50	125
95 to 99 years	15	0	10	50	10	40
100 years and over	5	0	5	10	5	5
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	22.6	23.1	22.0	14.6	15.1	14.2
15 to 64 years	67.0	67.3	66.8	61.0	61.4	60.7
65 years and over	10.4	9.6	11.2	24.3	23.5	25.2
85 years and over	0.7	0.5	1.0	3.5	2.4	4.5
Average age of the population	35.1	34.5	35.8	45.8	44.9	46.6
Median age of the population	34.0	33.5	34.4	49.5	48.6	50.3
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	12,555	...	...	6,470	...	...
Single-detached house	8,120	...	...	5,385	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	70	...	...	95	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	4,050	...	...	990	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,465	...	...	95	...	...
Row house	725	...	...	375	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	45	...	...	55	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	1,800	...	...	455	...	...
Other single-attached house	10	...	...	15	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	310	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	12,555	...	...	6,470	...	...
1 person	2,440	...	...	1,225	...	...
2 persons	4,390	...	...	2,700	...	...
3 persons	2,190	...	...	980	...	...
4 persons	2,250	...	...	1,015	...	...
5 or more persons	1,275	...	...	550	...	...
Number of persons in private households	33,760	...	...	16,670	...	...
Average household size	2.7	...	...	2.6	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	26,375	13,020	13,355	14,610	7,120	7,490
Married or living common law	16,825	8,405	8,420	9,740	4,915	4,825
Married	13,685	6,840	6,845	8,920	4,500	4,415
Living common law	3,140	1,570	1,575	820	410	410
Not married and not living common law	9,545	4,610	4,935	4,875	2,205	2,665
Never married	6,225	3,475	2,750	2,990	1,630	1,360
Separated	725	290	435	330	145	185
Divorced	1,645	655	990	570	215	350
Widowed	950	185	760	980	210	770
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	9,800	...	...	5,245	...	...
2 persons	4,610	...	...	2,830	...	...
3 persons	2,070	...	...	975	...	...
4 persons	2,150	...	...	1,000	...	...
5 or more persons	970	...	...	440	...	...
Average size of census families	3.0	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	9,800	...	...	5,250	...	...
Total couple families	8,305	...	...	4,745	...	...
Married couples	6,735	...	...	4,335	...	...
Common-law couples	1,570	...	...	410	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	1,500	...	...	500	...	...
Female parent	1,145	...	...	380	...	...
Male parent	355	...	...	115	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	8,305	...	...	4,745	...	...
Couples without children	3,770	...	...	2,520	...	...
Couples with children	4,530	...	...	2,225	...	...
1 child	1,590	...	...	830	...	...
2 children	2,020	...	...	960	...	...
3 or more children	920	...	...	435	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	1,500	...	...	500	...	...
1 child	845	...	...	310	...	...
2 children	480	...	...	145	...	...
3 or more children	180	...	...	45	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	4,565	2,340	2,220	1,715	735	975
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	12,550	...	...	6,470	...	...
One-census-family households	9,330	...	...	5,050	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	3,595	...	...	2,430	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	5,740	...	...	2,620	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	230	...	...	95	...	...
Non-census-family households	2,990	...	...	1,320	...	...
One-person households	2,440	...	...	1,225	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	545	...	...	95	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	33,835	16,850	16,980	16,735	8,265	8,470
English only	31,755	15,915	15,840	15,380	7,645	7,735
French only	10	5	10	0	0	0
English and French	2,025	915	1,110	1,285	555	730
Neither English nor French	45	15	30	65	60	5
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	33,835	16,850	16,980	16,735	8,265	8,475
English	33,105	16,475	16,630	16,285	8,030	8,250
French	635	330	300	365	165	200
English and French	55	30	30	20	5	15
Neither English nor French	40	15	25	65	60	5
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	655	345	310	375	170	210
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	1.9	2.0	1.8	2.2	2.1	2.5
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	33,835	16,855	16,985	16,735	8,260	8,470
Single responses	33,475	16,680	16,790	16,590	8,200	8,390
Official languages	31,255	15,645	15,605	14,950	7,380	7,575
English	30,555	15,275	15,275	14,560	7,205	7,355
French	700	370	330	390	175	215
Non-official languages	2,225	1,030	1,190	1,635	820	820
Aboriginal languages	45	15	25	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	35	10	20	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	5	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	30	10	15	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	5	0	5	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	5	0	0	0
Woods Cree	10	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	15	5	5	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	5	0	5	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	5	0	5	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	5	0	5	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	5	0	5	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	5	0	5	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	5	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	2,180	1,020	1,160	1,635	815	820
Afro-Asiatic languages	50	30	20	30	15	15
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	45	25	20	30	15	15
Amharic	5	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	35	20	15	25	15	10
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	5	0	0	5	5	5
Tigrigna	5	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	25	15	20	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	0	5	5	0	0
Vietnamese	20	10	15	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	605	260	345	20	5	15
Bikol	5	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	25	10	20	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	20	10	15	0	0	5
Ilocano	30	10	25	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	5	0	0	0	0	5
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10	0	5	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	510	225	280	20	0	20
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	10	5	5	5	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	15	5	15	10	5	5
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	5	5	5	5	5	5
Tamil	10	5	5	5	0	5
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	1,285	620	660	1,365	695	665
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	5	0	5
Balto-Slavic languages	355	155	200	345	150	200
Baltic languages	5	5	5	5	0	5
Latvian	0	0	0	5	0	0
Lithuanian	5	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	350	155	200	345	150	195
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	5	0	0	5	0	0
Croatian	10	5	5	40	15	20
Czech	15	10	5	20	15	10
Macedonian	5	5	0	0	0	5
Polish	75	30	45	110	45	60
Russian	65	25	35	25	10	15
Serbian	10	5	5	20	10	10
Serbo-Croatian	5	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	20	5	10	20	10	15
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	0	0	20	5	10
Ukrainian	155	70	85	85	35	50
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	5	5	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	5	5	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	465	215	250	510	250	260
Afrikaans	15	15	10	15	10	10
Danish	20	10	10	10	5	5
Dutch	100	45	50	270	125	140
Frisian	5	5	0	5	5	0
German	310	140	165	200	100	95
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	5	5	5	0	0	5
Swedish	5	0	5	5	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	5	0
Greek	15	10	10	10	5	0
Indo-Iranian languages	190	100	85	80	45	40
Indo-Aryan languages	160	85	80	75	40	35
Bengali	10	10	5	0	0	0
Gujarati	15	5	5	15	10	5
Hindi	25	10	15	20	10	10
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	10	5	5	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	65	30	30	20	5	10
Sindhi	0	0	5	5	5	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	5	5	5	5	0
Urdu	30	15	15	20	15	10
Iranian languages	20	20	10	5	5	5
Kurdish	0	5	0	0	0	0
Pashto	10	10	5	0	5	0
Persian (Farsi)	10	5	5	0	5	5
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	250	130	115	410	250	160
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	30	15	15	275	155	120
Portuguese	30	20	15	20	5	10
Romanian	15	10	5	5	5	0
Spanish	175	90	80	105	75	25
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Japanese	10	5	10	10	0	10
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	20	10	10	40	15	20
Mongolic languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	5	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	40	25	15	5	0	5
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	5	5	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	5	0	5	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	5	0	5	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	5	5	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	5	5	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	0	0	5
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	5	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	15	10	10	0	5	0
American Sign Language	0	5	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	10	5	10	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	65	25	40	35	20	25
Chinese languages	60	25	40	35	15	20
Cantonese	35	10	20	10	5	5
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	20	5	15	25	10	15
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	5	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	0	5	5	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	5	5	0	0	0
Lao	5	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	5	0	5	5	0	5
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	5	5	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	5	5	5	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	20	10	10	115	50	60
Estonian	0	0	0	10	5	5
Finnish	5	0	0	10	0	5
Hungarian	15	10	10	95	45	50
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	0	0	0
Multiple responses	360	170	190	145	65	80
English and French	120	45	75	35	10	25
English and non-official language	230	115	115	95	45	50
French and non-official language	5	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	5	0	0	5	5	5
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	33,835	16,850	16,985	16,735	8,265	8,470
Single responses	33,275	16,590	16,685	16,500	8,160	8,340
Official languages	32,485	16,200	16,280	16,180	7,970	8,210
English	32,295	16,095	16,200	16,090	7,930	8,155
French	190	110	80	90	45	50
Non-official languages	790	390	400	315	185	130
Aboriginal languages	5	5	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	5	5	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	5	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	5	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	5	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	785	390	400	315	185	130
Afro-Asiatic languages	15	10	10	10	5	5
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	20	10	5	5	5	5
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	20	10	10	10	5	5
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	20	10	15	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	20	10	10	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	335	165	170	5	5	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	5	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	5	0	5	0	0	0
Ilocano	5	5	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	320	160	165	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0	0	5
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	5	0	0
Tamil	5	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	330	165	160	235	150	90
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	5	0
Balto-Slavic languages	75	35	45	70	35	35
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	75	35	45	70	35	40
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	10	5	5
Czech	5	0	0	5	0	5
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	20	10	10	25	10	15
Russian	25	15	15	5	5	5
Serbian	10	0	0	5	0	5
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	5	5	5	0	5	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	5	0	5
Ukrainian	10	5	5	10	10	5
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	55	35	20	50	30	25
Afrikaans	10	5	5	10	5	5
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	5	0	0	15	10	10
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	45	25	15	25	15	10
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	15	5	10	0	5	0
Indo-Iranian languages	105	50	55	15	5	10
Indo-Aryan languages	95	40	50	10	5	5
Bengali	5	5	5	0	0	0
Gujarati	5	5	5	5	0	0
Hindi	15	5	5	5	5	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	5	5	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	35	15	20	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	25	10	15	5	5	5
Iranian languages	15	10	5	5	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	10	5	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	5	5	5	5	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	75	40	35	95	75	20
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	5	0	5	15	10	10
Portuguese	10	5	5	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	60	35	30	75	65	5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	5	5	0
Japanese	0	0	5	5	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	10	5	5	20	10	10
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	10	5	10	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	5	0	5	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	5	5	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	10	5	5	5	0	0
American Sign Language	0	5	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	5	0	5	0	0	5
Sino-Tibetan languages	30	15	15	20	10	5
Chinese languages	35	15	20	20	5	10
Cantonese	25	10	15	5	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	10	5	0	10	10	10
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	5	5	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	5	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	5	5	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	5	0	5	25	10	10
Estonian	0	0	0	0	5	0
Finnish	5	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	5	0	0	20	10	15
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	560	260	305	235	105	125
English and French	75	30	40	40	15	25
English and non-official language	475	225	255	190	85	100
French and non-official language	5	0	5	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	5	5	5	5	0	0
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	33,835	16,855	16,985	16,735	8,260	8,470
None	32,065	16,020	16,045	15,685	7,795	7,890
English	470	255	215	205	95	110
French	445	195	250	240	90	145
Non-official language	830	365	460	600	285	315
Aboriginal	35	15	20	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	795	350	440	600	280	320
English and French	5	5	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	5	5	5	5	0	0
French and non-official language	5	5	5	10	0	10
English, French and non-official language	5	0	0	0	0	0
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	26,075	12,895	13,180	14,175	6,960	7,215
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	24,980	12,380	12,595	13,740	6,750	6,985
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	48,600	69,064	34,094	41,313	51,840	32,204
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	24,985	12,385	12,605	13,745	6,755	6,990
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	42,370	57,169	30,917	36,843	45,065	28,992
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	23,460	12,055	11,400	13,080	6,500	6,585
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	47,940	68,376	32,701	36,540	47,220	27,383
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	14,010	4,965	9,045	9,745	4,460	5,285
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	4,563	4,925	4,452	7,258	8,040	6,834
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	20,850	10,975	9,880	10,095	5,330	4,760
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	49,548	70,075	33,681	33,516	41,060	28,757
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	26,070	12,895	13,180	14,175	6,960	7,220
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	24,940	12,340	12,600	13,730	6,775	6,960
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	61,362	79,686	43,408	55,244	69,017	41,823
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	24,945	12,340	12,605	13,740	6,780	6,960
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	49,955	63,307	36,881	44,965	54,837	35,345
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	23,440	12,005	11,435	13,170	6,570	6,600
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	60,961	78,766	42,273	51,586	65,560	37,664
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	13,970	4,965	9,005	9,810	4,530	5,275
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,260	7,665	7,036	8,097	8,148	8,052
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	20,850	10,930	9,920	10,095	5,460	4,635
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	59,648	77,229	40,281	48,403	56,493	38,874
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	26,070	12,895	13,175	14,175	6,960	7,220
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	10,420	6,090	4,335	4,540	2,655	1,885
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	67,705	84,782	51,816	69,265	79,977	55,286
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	76,590	90,317	57,318	77,866	89,689	61,189
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	93.3	96.3	87.8	89.7	92.0	86.1
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	82.6	86.5	75.2	64.9	66.9	62.0
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	6.7	3.8	12.3	10.3	8.0	13.8
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	26,075	12,895	13,180	14,175	6,960	7,220
Without total income	1,095	510	580	440	205	230
With total income	24,975	12,385	12,600	13,740	6,755	6,985
Percentage with total income	95.8	96.0	95.6	96.9	97.1	96.7
Under $10,000 (including loss)	2,865	830	2,030	1,640	625	1,015
$10,000 to $19,999	2,680	800	1,880	1,925	660	1,265
$20,000 to $29,999	2,570	850	1,720	1,690	655	1,035
$30,000 to $39,999	2,370	880	1,485	1,425	680	745
$40,000 to $49,999	2,330	950	1,380	1,305	655	650
$50,000 to $59,999	2,145	950	1,195	1,090	570	525
$60,000 to $69,999	1,880	1,025	855	920	485	430
$70,000 to $79,999	1,505	920	580	785	445	345
$80,000 to $89,999	1,265	870	395	625	400	230
$90,000 to $99,999	1,170	785	380	620	345	275
$100,000 and over	4,210	3,525	685	1,715	1,235	480
$100,000 to $149,999	2,880	2,335	545	1,125	785	335
$150,000 and over	1,330	1,190	145	595	450	140
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	26,075	12,895	13,175	14,180	6,960	7,220
Without after-tax income	1,085	515	570	430	205	225
With after-tax income	24,985	12,385	12,605	13,750	6,755	6,995
Percentage with after-tax income	95.8	96.0	95.7	97.0	97.1	96.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	2,940	840	2,095	1,755	645	1,105
$10,000 to $19,999	2,800	845	1,955	2,025	690	1,335
$20,000 to $29,999	3,100	1,025	2,080	1,925	790	1,135
$30,000 to $39,999	2,930	1,170	1,760	1,715	855	865
$40,000 to $49,999	2,975	1,300	1,675	1,505	755	750
$50,000 to $59,999	2,510	1,380	1,130	1,180	630	550
$60,000 to $69,999	1,960	1,260	700	1,005	605	400
$70,000 to $79,999	1,630	1,140	495	875	540	335
$80,000 and over	4,145	3,425	720	1,765	1,255	515
$80,000 to $89,999	1,270	945	325	575	360	215
$90,000 to $99,999	865	700	155	335	235	105
$100,000 and over	2,015	1,775	240	860	660	195
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	26,070	12,895	13,180	14,175	6,955	7,220
Without employment income	5,220	1,925	3,295	4,080	1,625	2,455
With employment income	20,850	10,975	9,880	10,095	5,335	4,765
Percentage with employment income	80.0	85.1	75.0	71.2	76.7	66.0
Under $5,000 (including loss)	1,965	765	1,195	1,875	1,065	810
$5,000 to $9,999	1,225	430	800	780	320	455
$10,000 to $19,999	2,025	690	1,335	1,220	540	675
$20,000 to $29,999	1,780	600	1,185	910	395	515
$30,000 to $39,999	1,750	675	1,070	750	310	440
$40,000 to $49,999	1,745	700	1,045	680	295	385
$50,000 to $59,999	1,750	795	955	645	330	315
$60,000 to $69,999	1,465	815	655	510	260	245
$70,000 to $79,999	1,285	820	460	485	280	205
$80,000 and over	5,860	4,685	1,175	2,255	1,530	720
$80,000 to $89,999	1,065	755	305	450	275	180
$90,000 to $99,999	1,085	740	350	515	270	240
$100,000 and over	3,700	3,185	515	1,285	985	305
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	12,550	...	...	6,470	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	107,878	...	...	95,052	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	89,954	...	...	81,717	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	2,440	...	...	1,225	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	56,141	...	...	42,709	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	47,280	...	...	37,845	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	10,110	...	...	5,245	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	120,728	...	...	109,022	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	100,524	...	...	93,070	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	12,550	...	...	6,470	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	121,915	...	...	117,283	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	99,283	...	...	95,520	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	2,445	...	...	1,240	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	76,415	...	...	54,129	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	60,561	...	...	44,917	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	10,110	...	...	5,225	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	132,901	...	...	132,295	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	108,632	...	...	107,549	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	12,550	...	...	6,465	...	...
Under $5,000	95	...	...	45	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	45	...	...	30	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	85	...	...	70	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	145	...	...	95	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	300	...	...	170	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	245	...	...	145	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	260	...	...	165	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	305	...	...	195	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	310	...	...	225	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	345	...	...	220	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	700	...	...	415	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	720	...	...	425	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	720	...	...	425	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	710	...	...	430	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	710	...	...	380	...	...
$100,000 and over	6,865	...	...	3,050	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,840	...	...	830	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,480	...	...	635	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	1,995	...	...	795	...	...
$200,000 and over	1,545	...	...	795	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	12,555	...	...	6,470	...	...
Under $5,000	100	...	...	50	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	45	...	...	30	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	85	...	...	65	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	155	...	...	105	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	325	...	...	190	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	295	...	...	165	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	310	...	...	200	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	365	...	...	225	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	385	...	...	275	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	460	...	...	265	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	885	...	...	500	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	945	...	...	535	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	945	...	...	540	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	970	...	...	470	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	980	...	...	460	...	...
$100,000 and over	5,290	...	...	2,385	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	2,000	...	...	845	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,420	...	...	585	...	...
$150,000 and over	1,870	...	...	960	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	9,740	...	...	5,175	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	118,505	...	...	109,184	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	98,608	...	...	93,154	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.1	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	3,520	...	...	2,380	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	107,205	...	...	90,078	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	89,903	...	...	78,816	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	4,565	...	...	2,240	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	140,623	...	...	143,710	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	115,648	...	...	120,653	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	1,390	...	...	460	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	67,584	...	...	72,397	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	60,455	...	...	65,024	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	9,745	...	...	5,165	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	130,502	...	...	132,005	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	106,618	...	...	107,231	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	3,550	...	...	2,380	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	121,008	...	...	118,003	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	98,411	...	...	94,680	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	4,555	...	...	2,215	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	153,539	...	...	158,582	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	124,742	...	...	128,907	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,405	...	...	485	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	80,048	...	...	82,313	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	68,238	...	...	71,185	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	3,850	2,005	1,845	1,460	640	815
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	50,321	62,976	41,152	40,085	40,960	38,955
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	43,054	51,840	36,493	35,529	36,437	34,916
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	3,820	2,020	1,805	1,495	620	880
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	67,727	75,896	58,583	51,051	54,877	48,363
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	54,284	59,998	47,887	42,545	44,775	40,978
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	33,765	16,810	16,950	16,670	8,220	8,455
In the bottom half of the distribution	10,735	4,965	5,770	5,190	2,470	2,715
In the bottom decile	1,500	670	830	570	270	295
In the second decile	1,605	665	940	830	365	465
In the third decile	2,030	915	1,115	1,150	550	600
In the fourth decile	2,480	1,175	1,305	1,215	595	615
In the fifth decile	3,125	1,540	1,580	1,425	685	740
In the top half of the distribution	23,025	11,850	11,180	11,485	5,750	5,735
In the sixth decile	3,340	1,640	1,700	1,735	860	875
In the seventh decile	4,075	2,035	2,040	2,015	980	1,035
In the eighth decile	4,615	2,340	2,275	2,120	1,065	1,060
In the ninth decile	5,490	2,865	2,620	2,670	1,345	1,325
In the top decile	5,505	2,970	2,535	2,945	1,505	1,440
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	33,765	16,815	16,950	16,670	8,220	8,450
0 to 17 years	8,940	4,570	4,365	3,115	1,590	1,525
0 to 5 years	3,295	1,670	1,620	830	420	410
18 to 64 years	21,500	10,680	10,815	9,750	4,770	4,975
65 years and over	3,325	1,560	1,765	3,810	1,860	1,945
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	1,940	840	1,095	905	400	505
0 to 17 years	705	370	330	190	95	95
0 to 5 years	245	140	105	45	20	25
18 to 64 years	1,030	405	630	525	240	280
65 years and over	200	60	140	190	65	125
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	5.7	5.0	6.5	5.4	4.9	6.0
0 to 17 years (%)	7.9	8.1	7.6	6.1	6.0	6.2
0 to 5 years (%)	7.4	8.4	6.5	5.4	4.8	6.1
18 to 64 years (%)	4.8	3.8	5.8	5.4	5.0	5.6
65 years and over (%)	6.0	3.8	7.9	5.0	3.5	6.4
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	1,205	535	675	405	205	200
0 to 17 years	425	220	210	80	50	30
0 to 5 years	130	70	60	10	5	5
18 to 64 years	730	300	430	280	135	145
65 years and over	50	15	30	45	25	30
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.6	3.2	4.0	2.4	2.5	2.4
0 to 17 years (%)	4.8	4.8	4.8	2.6	3.1	2.0
0 to 5 years (%)	3.9	4.2	3.7	1.2	1.2	1.2
18 to 64 years (%)	3.4	2.8	4.0	2.9	2.8	2.9
65 years and over (%)	1.5	1.0	1.7	1.2	1.3	1.5
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	33,765	16,815	16,950	16,670	8,220	8,450
Official languages	33,700	16,790	16,915	16,585	8,145	8,440
English	33,690	16,790	16,905	16,585	8,145	8,440
French	1,970	885	1,085	1,300	570	735
Non-official languages	2,970	1,360	1,610	1,915	945	970
Aboriginal languages	35	15	25	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	25	10	15	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	20	15	10	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	20	15	10	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	10	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	10	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	10	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	10	0	10	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	2,935	1,350	1,585	1,915	945	970
Afro-Asiatic languages	140	80	65	95	35	65
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	140	75	65	95	35	60
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	140	75	65	85	35	55
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	10	10	10
Maltese	0	0	0	10	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	35	25	10	10	0	10
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	10	10	0	0	0
Vietnamese	30	20	10	10	0	10
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	720	290	435	25	0	20
Bikol	15	10	10	0	0	0
Cebuano	30	10	20	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	10	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	10	0	0
Ilocano	10	10	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	10	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	705	290	420	20	10	20
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	10	10	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	0	10	10	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	10	10	10	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	10	0	10	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	1,730	830	900	1,585	815	770
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	435	205	230	415	215	205
Baltic languages	10	10	0	15	10	10
Latvian	10	0	0	10	0	10
Lithuanian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Slavic languages	430	200	230	410	205	200
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	10	0	10	45	25	20
Czech	10	10	0	20	10	10
Macedonian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Polish	95	50	40	155	85	65
Russian	150	75	75	65	30	30
Serbian	25	10	15	30	20	10
Serbo-Croatian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Slovak	20	10	10	15	10	10
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	10	0	0
Ukrainian	180	80	105	75	35	45
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	10	10	10
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	590	295	295	440	215	225
Afrikaans	15	10	0	10	10	0
Danish	10	10	0	15	0	10
Dutch	130	70	60	240	120	120
Frisian	10	0	0	0	0	0
German	420	195	220	180	90	95
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	10	0	0	0	10
Swedish	10	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	10	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	60	35	20	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	210	110	95	115	60	55
Indo-Aryan languages	205	105	95	105	50	50
Bengali	15	10	10	0	0	0
Gujarati	15	10	10	30	15	15
Hindi	80	50	35	45	25	20
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	100	55	45	45	20	20
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	10	0	0	0	0
Urdu	30	15	15	35	15	20
Iranian languages	0	0	0	15	10	10
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	15	10	10
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	470	205	265	640	340	300
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	30	10	15	385	185	205
Portuguese	30	25	10	20	10	15
Romanian	10	0	0	20	15	10
Spanish	410	170	235	215	130	85
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Japanese	55	25	30	20	0	10
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	40	15	25	60	25	35
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	50	25	25	10	10	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	10	0	10	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	10	10	10	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	10	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	30	10	20	0	10	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	10	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	50	15	40	0	0	0
American Sign Language	20	10	10	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	30	0	30	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	85	35	50	65	25	40
Chinese languages	85	35	50	60	25	35
Cantonese	45	15	35	15	10	10
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	40	15	20	55	20	25
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	10
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	10
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	15	10	0	15	0	10
Lao	0	10	0	0	0	0
Thai	10	10	0	15	10	10
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	10	10	0	0	10	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	10	10	0
Turkish	10	10	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	35	10	30	65	35	35
Estonian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	35	10	25	65	30	30
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	33,765	16,815	16,950	16,675	8,220	8,455
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	32,285	16,105	16,180	16,215	7,980	8,240
Canadian citizens aged under 18	8,665	4,435	4,225	3,120	1,575	1,550
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	23,625	11,675	11,955	13,095	6,405	6,690
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	1,475	705	770	455	240	215
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	33,760	16,815	16,950	16,670	8,220	8,450
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	30,870	15,425	15,450	14,380	7,055	7,325
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	2,525	1,165	1,360	2,195	1,080	1,115
Before 1981	720	350	375	1,470	725	745
1981 to 1990	270	105	165	220	90	125
1991 to 2000	250	125	130	170	80	85
2001 to 2010	510	260	250	275	150	125
2001 to 2005	175	115	60	130	65	70
2006 to 2010	330	145	185	140	90	55
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	775	335	445	60	35	25
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	365	230	140	100	85	15
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	2,525	1,165	1,360	2,195	1,085	1,110
Under 5 years	280	140	140	405	165	240
5 to 14 years	550	270	280	500	295	200
15 to 24 years	450	165	285	545	240	305
25 to 44 years	1,120	540	580	635	320	315
45 years and over	120	50	70	115	65	45
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	2,525	1,165	1,360	2,195	1,085	1,110
Americas	390	165	220	320	140	185
Brazil	10	0	0	0	0	0
Colombia	40	10	30	15	0	10
El Salvador	0	0	0	10	0	10
Guyana	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haiti	10	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	20	15	10	15	15	0
Mexico	70	35	35	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	10	0	0	0	0
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	175	55	115	275	110	165
Other places of birth in Americas	60	40	20	10	10	0
Europe	1,130	580	545	1,495	765	730
Bosnia and Herzegovina	10	10	0	0	0	0
Croatia	0	0	0	50	25	25
France	30	15	15	20	10	15
Germany	135	75	65	120	50	70
Greece	35	15	15	0	0	0
Hungary	25	10	10	25	10	20
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	15	10	10	25	10	15
Italy	10	0	0	175	110	65
Netherlands	120	70	50	235	130	110
Poland	60	35	30	55	25	25
Portugal	20	10	15	15	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	40	20	20
Russian Federation	50	20	30	15	0	10
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	10	0	0	0	10	0
Ukraine	35	20	15	20	10	10
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	495	235	255	600	315	285
Other places of birth in Europe	90	65	25	100	40	60
Africa	135	60	70	45	35	10
Algeria	10	10	0	0	0	0
Egypt	25	10	20	10	10	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenya	20	10	10	0	10	0
Morocco	0	0	0	10	10	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	25	10	15	15	10	10
Other places of birth in Africa	55	30	25	10	0	0
Asia	855	350	505	310	135	175
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	15	10	10	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	45	20	30	45	10	30
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	20	0	15	10	0	10
India	80	40	40	65	40	20
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	10	0	0	10	0	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	20	10	10	40	20	20
Lebanon	50	35	20	10	0	10
Pakistan	20	10	10	25	10	15
Philippines	495	175	325	25	0	20
Sri Lanka	10	10	0	15	0	10
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	0	0	0	25	10	15
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	10	0
Viet Nam	25	15	10	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	65	30	40	45	20	25
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	20	0	15	20	10	10
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	775	330	445	60	30	30
Americas	110	40	70	15	10	10
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Colombia	30	0	20	0	0	0
Cuba	20	10	10	0	0	0
Haiti	10	10	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	10	0	0	0	0
Mexico	25	10	20	0	0	0
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	20	0	20	15	15	10
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	10	10	0	0	0	0
Europe	160	90	75	10	0	10
France	10	0	10	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	10	0	0	0
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	10	10	0	0	0	0
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian Federation	10	0	10	0	0	0
Ukraine	10	0	10	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	80	45	40	10	0	10
Other places of birth in Europe	35	30	10	0	0	0
Africa	15	10	10	10	10	0
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	10	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	10	0	10	0	0	0
Asia	490	200	285	25	10	15
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	20	0	15	0	0	0
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	0	0	0	0	0	0
India	30	15	10	0	0	0
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	15	10	10	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepal	0	10	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Philippines	400	160	240	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	10	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	10	0	10	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	0	0	0	20	0	15
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	10	0	0	0	0	0
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	0	0	0	10	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	0	10	0
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	33,760	16,815	16,950	16,670	8,220	8,455
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	3,035	1,470	1,565	2,395	1,215	1,180
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	4,585	2,195	2,390	4,030	1,865	2,170
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	26,140	13,145	12,995	10,250	5,145	5,110
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	1,855	835	1,015	755	375	380
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	1,080	510	575	375	215	165
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	455	250	205	165	115	55
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	625	255	370	210	100	110
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	580	210	375	290	120	165
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	190	120	65	80	35	50
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	0	0	0	10	10	10
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	33,760	16,815	16,950	16,675	8,220	8,450
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	2,620	1,280	1,340	295	115	180
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	2,580	1,260	1,325	295	110	175
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	1,005	490	510	135	65	75
Métis	1,530	740	785	150	50	105
Inuk (Inuit)	50	25	20	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	20	10	15	0	0	0
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	20	10	10	0	10	0
Non-Aboriginal identity	31,140	15,535	15,605	16,375	8,100	8,275
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	33,765	16,810	16,950	16,675	8,220	8,450
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	755	345	410	45	35	10
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	33,005	16,470	16,535	16,630	8,185	8,445
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	33,760	16,810	16,950	16,675	8,220	8,455
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	510	270	235	10	10	10
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	480	250	225	10	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	265	145	125	0	0	10
Métis single ancestry	190	110	85	10	10	0
Inuit single ancestry	15	0	15	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	30	20	15	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	20	15	10	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	10	0	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	2,830	1,345	1,480	475	225	250
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	2,700	1,300	1,405	480	225	250
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	1,535	690	850	325	180	145
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	1,105	555	550	150	45	105
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	70	55	15	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	125	50	75	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	80	25	55	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	15	10	10	0	0	0
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	15	0	10	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	10	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	30,430	15,195	15,235	16,185	7,990	8,200
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	33,760	16,810	16,950	16,675	8,220	8,450
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	2,045	980	1,060	715	370	345
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	275	150	130	205	105	100
Chinese	105	45	55	95	45	50
Black	245	150	95	50	30	20
Filipino	820	340	480	45	10	35
Latin American	195	95	100	140	105	35
Arab	145	80	60	45	20	25
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	105	65	45	25	10	25
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	15	10	0	0	0	0
Korean	30	10	25	60	25	40
Japanese	45	25	20	25	10	20
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	10	0	10	0	0	0
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	50	20	30	10	10	0
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	31,720	15,830	15,885	15,960	7,855	8,105
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	33,760	16,815	16,950	16,670	8,220	8,450
North American Aboriginal origins	3,330	1,615	1,715	485	230	255
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,935	885	1,045	330	185	150
Inuit	135	80	50	0	0	0
Métis	1,425	720	705	150	45	110
Other North American origins	10,850	5,515	5,335	4,735	2,230	2,510
Acadian	105	70	35	55	25	30
American	640	280	365	300	125	180
Canadian	10,365	5,295	5,065	4,440	2,120	2,320
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	10	10	15	10	0	0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ontarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Québécois	0	0	0	30	0	20
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	0	0	0	0	0	0
European origins	26,185	12,835	13,355	14,170	6,970	7,195
British Isles origins	16,965	8,270	8,695	8,970	4,350	4,615
Channel Islander	0	10	0	10	10	0
Cornish	0	0	0	10	10	0
English	9,545	4,650	4,895	5,445	2,650	2,800
Irish	6,900	3,225	3,680	3,245	1,460	1,785
Manx	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish	7,310	3,730	3,585	3,680	1,880	1,795
Welsh	915	465	455	430	195	235
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	825	385	435	610	285	325
French origins	4,995	2,385	2,615	2,035	1,015	1,025
Alsatian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Breton	0	0	0	0	0	0
Corsican	0	0	0	0	0	0
French	4,995	2,380	2,610	2,035	1,005	1,025
Western European origins (except French origins)	10,080	4,860	5,215	4,795	2,315	2,480
Austrian	585	265	320	160	80	80
Bavarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belgian	310	145	170	90	35	60
Dutch	2,140	1,045	1,090	2,025	975	1,050
Flemish	30	0	25	0	0	0
Frisian	15	10	10	15	10	10
German	7,990	3,865	4,130	2,800	1,355	1,440
Luxembourger	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss	260	100	160	110	45	70
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	3,550	1,635	1,915	420	150	270
Danish	630	285	345	140	60	80
Finnish	145	60	80	70	25	45
Icelandic	220	120	100	30	10	20
Norwegian	1,580	685	895	80	35	40
Swedish	1,135	510	625	135	40	95
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	100	65	35	10	0	0
Eastern European origins	7,485	3,690	3,800	2,860	1,465	1,400
Bulgarian	35	15	20	0	0	0
Byelorussian	0	10	0	0	0	0
Czech	165	95	70	65	40	25
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	70	20	45	30	15	15
Estonian	15	10	10	0	0	10
Hungarian	355	170	185	700	370	330
Latvian	25	15	10	20	10	10
Lithuanian	15	10	10	60	30	35
Moldovan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	1,885	980	910	1,080	520	570
Romanian	275	135	140	105	60	45
Russian	905	355	555	305	165	140
Slovak	60	30	30	130	70	60
Ukrainian	4,925	2,445	2,480	950	515	435
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	30	20	10	15	0	10
Southern European origins	1,425	685	745	2,240	1,180	1,060
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	15	10	10	10	10	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	85	45	40	270	150	115
Cypriot	0	0	0	0	10	0
Greek	100	40	55	80	45	35
Italian	785	375	405	1,630	870	755
Kosovar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	15	0	15	15	10	0
Maltese	0	0	10	10	0	10
Montenegrin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	175	75	100	70	35	35
Serbian	30	15	20	35	20	15
Sicilian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovenian	35	25	15	55	25	30
Spanish	225	110	110	110	40	65
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	20	0	20	20	10	10
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other European origins	75	40	40	45	20	20
Basque	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jewish	35	10	25	30	20	15
Roma (Gypsy)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	45	25	20	10	10	0
Caribbean origins	190	105	85	60	30	30
Antiguan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bahamian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bermudan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carib	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuban	50	25	20	0	0	0
Dominican	15	10	10	10	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	10	10	0	15	10	10
Jamaican	115	60	50	25	10	20
Kittitian/Nevisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Martinican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montserratan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	0	0	0	10	0	10
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	10	10	10	0
Vincentian/Grenadinian	0	0	0	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	0	0	10	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins	305	145	160	200	140	55
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	10	0	0	0	0	0
Arawak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belizean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bolivian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Brazilian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Colombian	50	15	35	40	10	25
Costa Rican	10	10	0	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guyanese	0	0	0	10	0	10
Hispanic	30	10	20	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maya	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mexican	145	80	65	105	95	10
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Panamanian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	10	10	0
Peruvian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Salvadorean	15	15	0	35	20	15
Uruguayan	0	0	0	10	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	40	10	25	0	0	0
African origins	275	150	130	65	40	20
Central and West African origins	10	10	10	0	0	0
Akan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Angolan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ashanti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burkinabe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gabonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ibo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Liberian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Malian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malinké	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Peulh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sierra Leonean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Togolese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	10	10	0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	0	0	0	0	0	0
North African origins	50	25	25	40	30	15
Algerian	25	15	15	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	20	10	15	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	25	10	10	30	20	10
Libyan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maure	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moroccan	0	0	0	10	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins	80	45	35	15	10	10
Afrikaner	0	0	10	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burundian	20	15	10	0	0	0
Djiboutian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	10	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	10	0	0	0	0
Seychellois	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
South African	25	15	10	10	0	10
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zulu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	25	10	10	0	0	0
Other African origins	135	70	65	10	0	10
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	15	10	10	0	0	0
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	120	60	60	10	0	10
Asian origins	1,725	835	890	660	290	370
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	215	130	85	175	80	95
Afghan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	10	0	10	0	0	0
Armenian	15	10	10	0	0	0
Assyrian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	10	10	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hazara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian	25	10	15	30	20	10
Iraqi	0	0	0	0	10	0
Israeli	0	0	0	10	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurd	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kuwaiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanese	100	55	40	80	25	55
Palestinian	0	10	0	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saudi Arabian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syrian	15	15	0	40	25	20
Tajik	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tatar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turk	35	25	10	15	10	0
Turkmen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uighur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	10	0	0	10	0	10
South Asian origins	310	165	155	195	105	95
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	35	10	25	0	0	0
Bhutanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
East Indian	205	105	95	135	75	60
Goan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	10	10	0	0	0	0
Pakistani	35	20	15	35	10	25
Punjabi	20	10	15	25	15	10
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	15	15	0	15	10	10
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	0	0	0	10	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins	1,195	545	650	290	105	185
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	20	10	20	0	0	0
Chinese	255	130	125	100	45	50
Filipino	815	345	465	65	20	45
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Japanese	55	35	25	25	10	15
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	35	10	25	65	25	40
Laotian	25	15	0	0	0	0
Malaysian	10	0	10	10	0	10
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	10	10	0	10	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	35	25	10	20	0	15
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other Asian origins	15	10	0	0	0	0
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	15	15	10	0	0	0
Oceania origins	85	45	40	15	0	10
Australian	55	35	25	15	10	0
New Zealander	10	10	10	10	0	0
Pacific Islands origins	20	10	10	0	0	0
Fijian	15	10	10	0	0	0
Hawaiian	0	10	0	0	0	0
Maori	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Samoan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	12,550	...	...	6,470	...	...
Owner	9,650	...	...	5,765	...	...
Renter	2,900	...	...	705	...	...
Band housing	0	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	12,550	...	...	6,470	...	...
Condominium	1,630	...	...	300	...	...
Not condominium	10,920	...	...	6,170	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	12,550	...	...	6,470	...	...
No bedrooms	15	...	...	0	...	...
1 bedroom	685	...	...	265	...	...
2 bedrooms	2,405	...	...	1,120	...	...
3 bedrooms	5,385	...	...	2,815	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	4,055	...	...	2,270	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	12,555	...	...	6,470	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	2,340	...	...	595	...	...
5 rooms	1,845	...	...	645	...	...
6 rooms	2,005	...	...	1,050	...	...
7 rooms	1,940	...	...	1,015	...	...
8 or more rooms	4,420	...	...	3,160	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.7	...	...	7.6	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	12,550	...	...	6,470	...	...
One person or fewer per room	12,440	...	...	6,440	...	...
More than 1 person per room	110	...	...	25	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	12,550	...	...	6,470	...	...
Suitable	12,155	...	...	6,345	...	...
Not suitable	395	...	...	125	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	12,555	...	...	6,470	...	...
1960 or before	95	...	...	1,725	...	...
1961 to 1980	2,725	...	...	1,700	...	...
1981 to 1990	1,125	...	...	950	...	...
1991 to 2000	1,450	...	...	1,035	...	...
2001 to 2005	1,440	...	...	445	...	...
2006 to 2010	2,740	...	...	385	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	2,975	...	...	235	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	12,550	...	...	6,465	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	12,125	...	...	6,185	...	...
Major repairs needed	425	...	...	285	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	12,550	...	...	6,470	...	...
1 household maintainer	6,900	...	...	3,400	...	...
2 household maintainers	5,355	...	...	2,990	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	295	...	...	80	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	12,550	...	...	6,470	...	...
15 to 24 years	570	...	...	80	...	...
25 to 34 years	2,645	...	...	390	...	...
35 to 44 years	2,905	...	...	825	...	...
45 to 54 years	2,430	...	...	1,350	...	...
55 to 64 years	1,965	...	...	1,565	...	...
65 to 74 years	1,305	...	...	1,270	...	...
75 to 84 years	615	...	...	745	...	...
85 years and over	120	...	...	250	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	12,525	...	...	6,345	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	10,145	...	...	5,300	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	2,385	...	...	1,040	...	...
30% to less than 100%	2,130	...	...	965	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	9,655	...	...	5,655	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	74.1	...	...	49.7	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	13.8	...	...	12.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,723	...	...	1,054	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,627	...	...	1,353	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	375,502	...	...	399,522	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	389,146	...	...	436,787	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	2,900	...	...	695	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	6.7	...	...	7.9	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	36.5	...	...	44.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,399	...	...	830	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,475	...	...	968	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	26,070	12,895	13,175	14,180	6,955	7,215
No certificate, diploma or degree	4,265	2,235	2,030	1,860	915	940
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	8,265	3,930	4,335	3,535	1,615	1,920
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	13,540	6,735	6,810	8,785	4,430	4,355
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	3,380	2,845	535	1,105	880	225
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	720	445	275	440	300	135
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	2,665	2,400	265	660	575	85
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	6,015	2,310	3,705	3,495	1,535	1,965
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	605	200	405	315	160	150
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	3,540	1,375	2,160	3,875	1,850	2,025
Bachelor's degree	2,835	1,065	1,765	2,530	1,190	1,335
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	185	55	125	260	125	140
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	55	35	25	175	115	60
Master's degree	420	190	225	740	330	415
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	50	25	20	165	95	70
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	18,505	9,155	9,345	8,390	4,100	4,290
No certificate, diploma or degree	1,800	1,025	775	395	255	140
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	5,560	2,665	2,895	1,835	900	935
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	11,145	5,470	5,675	6,160	2,945	3,220
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,650	2,250	395	630	485	140
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	520	330	185	260	175	80
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	2,135	1,920	210	370	310	60
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	4,940	1,865	3,080	2,540	1,105	1,435
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	460	155	305	170	95	75
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	3,100	1,195	1,905	2,825	1,255	1,570
Bachelor's degree	2,515	960	1,555	1,855	840	1,015
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	145	35	105	175	60	120
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	40	15	25	120	65	55
Master's degree	350	155	200	535	210	325
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	45	25	20	135	70	60
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	26,070	12,895	13,180	14,180	6,960	7,215
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	12,535	6,165	6,365	5,395	2,535	2,860
Education	1,085	290	790	795	260	540
13. Education	1,085	295	795	795	255	540
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	300	135	165	220	80	140
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	90	60	30	30	20	10
50. Visual and performing arts	215	75	135	195	60	135
Humanities	375	170	200	405	150	255
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	30	10	20	30	15	15
23. English language and literature/letters	70	10	65	100	0	90
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	65	30	40	75	35	45
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	10	10	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	45	15	25	30	15	20
39. Theology and religious vocations	100	60	35	50	35	15
54. History	45	45	0	90	45	45
55. French language and literature/letters	10	0	10	25	0	30
Social and behavioural sciences and law	990	255	740	1,100	405	700
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	10	0	15	10	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	95	45	55	90	35	55
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	260	10	250	210	25	190
22. Legal professions and studies	240	30	205	115	35	80
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	10	0	10	10	0	10
42. Psychology	160	45	115	185	65	120
45. Social sciences	220	125	95	485	240	245
Business, management and public administration	2,595	720	1,880	1,475	550	930
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	0	10	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	150	25	130	160	35	130
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	2,435	690	1,745	1,310	515	795
Physical and life sciences and technologies	225	85	135	330	210	120
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	100	40	65	170	85	85
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	45	0	40	70	45	25
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	0	0	0	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	45	30	15	80	80	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	30	10	15	10	0	10
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	265	135	135	245	155	90
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	195	130	65	135	100	40
25. Library science	45	0	45	15	0	10
27. Mathematics and statistics	20	0	15	100	60	40
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	4,210	3,920	285	1,965	1,845	125
04. Architecture and related services	35	20	15	75	60	20
14. Engineering	325	270	60	375	325	50
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	735	665	75	455	420	35
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	1,220	1,145	75	440	440	10
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,275	1,235	45	410	400	0
48. Precision production	620	590	30	215	205	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	265	190	80	205	130	85
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	105	85	20	155	100	55
03. Natural resources and conservation	165	105	55	55	25	30
Health and related fields	2,305	350	1,955	1,555	380	1,175
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	185	95	95	175	100	75
51. Health professions and related programs	2,115	250	1,860	1,325	240	1,090
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	0	10	0	55	50	10
Personal, protective and transportation services	925	485	435	475	265	205
12. Personal and culinary services	460	85	380	210	50	160
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	10	0	0
43. Security and protective services	255	200	55	190	155	40
49. Transportation and materials moving	195	195	0	70	60	10
Other	0	0	10	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	10	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	18,505	9,155	9,350	8,390	4,100	4,290
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	7,360	3,690	3,670	2,230	1,155	1,070
Education	865	235	635	520	170	350
13. Education	870	230	635	520	170	350
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	255	120	140	170	55	115
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	75	55	20	20	10	10
50. Visual and performing arts	180	65	115	150	40	110
Humanities	325	150	175	235	95	135
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	30	10	20	15	10	10
23. English language and literature/letters	60	10	55	55	10	50
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	60	20	35	40	20	25
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	0	10	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	40	10	30	20	10	15
39. Theology and religious vocations	75	50	25	35	20	15
54. History	40	35	10	60	30	35
55. French language and literature/letters	15	0	10	10	0	10
Social and behavioural sciences and law	875	225	650	825	260	565
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	15	0	15	10	0	10
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	85	35	50	75	35	45
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	225	10	220	175	15	160
22. Legal professions and studies	200	20	180	90	15	70
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	10	0	0	0	0	0
42. Psychology	135	40	95	100	20	80
45. Social sciences	205	115	85	375	175	205
Business, management and public administration	2,150	585	1,565	1,075	360	720
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	0	10	0	10
44. Public administration and social service professions	125	15	110	130	20	110
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	2,020	570	1,450	945	345	605
Physical and life sciences and technologies	185	70	115	245	145	105
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	80	30	45	140	60	75
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	40	0	35	55	35	20
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	0	0	0	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	35	25	15	50	50	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	35	15	20	10	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	240	120	120	175	110	60
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	170	120	55	105	70	40
25. Library science	45	0	45	10	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	20	0	15	65	40	25
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	0	0	10	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	3,400	3,130	270	1,265	1,175	90
04. Architecture and related services	35	20	20	45	35	10
14. Engineering	290	235	55	255	210	45
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	605	540	65	295	275	25
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	1,015	950	70	285	285	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	975	940	35	260	250	10
48. Precision production	470	445	30	120	115	10
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	230	160	70	165	90	70
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	85	60	20	120	70	50
03. Natural resources and conservation	145	95	50	45	20	25
Health and related fields	1,890	275	1,610	1,150	280	870
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	170	80	90	145	85	60
51. Health professions and related programs	1,725	200	1,525	965	165	800
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	0	0	0	40	30	10
Personal, protective and transportation services	720	395	325	340	205	135
12. Personal and culinary services	340	65	280	145	45	100
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	230	175	45	145	115	30
49. Transportation and materials moving	150	145	0	50	50	10
Other	10	0	10	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	10	0	10	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	26,075	12,895	13,180	14,180	6,960	7,220
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	12,530	6,160	6,370	5,395	2,530	2,860
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	13,545	6,730	6,810	8,785	4,430	4,360
Location of study inside Canada	12,415	6,240	6,170	7,765	3,895	3,870
Same as province or territory of residence	9,690	4,950	4,745	7,300	3,670	3,630
Different than province or territory of residence	2,725	1,295	1,425	460	220	240
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	1,125	490	640	1,020	535	485
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	150	70	80	490	220	270
Philippines	340	130	210	20	0	15
India	45	15	25	35	20	15
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	200	80	115	235	150	85
China^{Census data footnote 162}	10	0	10	10	0	0
France	15	10	0	0	10	0
Other	375	180	195	235	135	105
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	18,505	9,160	9,345	8,395	4,100	4,290
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	7,360	3,690	3,665	2,230	1,160	1,070
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	11,145	5,465	5,680	6,160	2,940	3,220
Location of study inside Canada	10,195	5,055	5,145	5,520	2,640	2,875
Same as province or territory of residence	7,920	3,965	3,960	5,205	2,495	2,710
Different than province or territory of residence	2,275	1,085	1,185	310	145	165
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	950	415	535	645	305	345
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	110	45	60	360	145	220
Philippines	335	130	205	15	0	15
India	40	20	25	25	15	15
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	125	50	70	95	50	40
China^{Census data footnote 162}	10	0	10	10	0	0
France	15	15	0	10	0	0
Other	320	155	160	135	85	55
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	26,075	12,895	13,175	14,175	6,960	7,215
In the labour force	19,300	10,270	9,025	8,630	4,580	4,050
Employed	17,790	9,400	8,390	8,115	4,290	3,830
Unemployed	1,510	870	640	520	290	225
Not in the labour force	6,775	2,620	4,150	5,545	2,380	3,165
Participation rate	74.0	79.6	68.5	60.9	65.8	56.1
Employment rate	68.2	72.9	63.7	57.2	61.6	53.1
Unemployment rate	7.8	8.5	7.1	6.0	6.3	5.6
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	26,070	12,900	13,175	14,175	6,960	7,220
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	5,855	2,185	3,675	4,935	2,110	2,825
Worked	20,210	10,715	9,500	9,240	4,850	4,395
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	10,700	6,260	4,440	4,640	2,715	1,925
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	9,515	4,455	5,055	4,605	2,130	2,470
Average weeks worked in reference year	43.3	44.1	42.3	42.5	42.9	42.0
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	19,300	10,270	9,025	8,635	4,580	4,055
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	230	80	150	155	85	70
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	19,075	10,195	8,875	8,480	4,495	3,990
Employee	17,350	9,175	8,175	7,220	3,705	3,515
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	1,720	1,015	700	1,265	795	470
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	19,295	10,270	9,025	8,630	4,580	4,055
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	230	75	150	155	90	70
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	19,070	10,195	8,875	8,480	4,495	3,985
0 Management occupations	2,185	1,380	805	1,215	795	420
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	3,060	680	2,375	1,245	300	945
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	900	705	190	525	420	95
3 Health occupations	1,120	140	985	670	160	510
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	1,860	635	1,225	1,260	520	745
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	335	90	250	250	120	135
6 Sales and service occupations	4,020	1,455	2,565	1,670	740	930
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	4,555	4,225	335	995	950	45
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	485	415	65	365	250	115
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	555	475	75	285	240	40
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	19,300	10,270	9,025	8,635	4,580	4,050
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	225	80	150	155	85	70
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	19,070	10,195	8,880	8,480	4,490	3,990
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	130	100	35	405	250	155
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	760	625	135	30	30	10
22 Utilities	295	260	40	85	75	10
23 Construction	3,010	2,495	515	685	585	100
31-33 Manufacturing	1,070	775	295	710	585	125
41 Wholesale trade	1,125	800	325	255	170	85
44-45 Retail trade	2,470	1,085	1,385	810	355	450
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	955	720	235	215	130	80
51 Information and cultural industries	230	110	120	100	45	55
52 Finance and insurance	545	110	435	265	125	140
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	330	165	160	100	45	60
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	950	440	510	505	320	190
55 Management of companies and enterprises	30	20	15	10	10	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	560	265	290	400	260	140
61 Educational services	1,165	310	855	1,085	435	655
62 Health care and social assistance	1,840	180	1,665	1,080	190	890
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	340	145	195	320	195	125
72 Accommodation and food services	1,260	505	755	485	185	300
81 Other services (except public administration)	985	500	485	400	210	190
91 Public administration	1,020	580	435	540	300	235
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	17,790	9,400	8,385	8,115	4,290	3,825
Worked at home	930	345	585	915	425	485
Worked outside Canada	25	15	10	65	45	15
No fixed workplace address	2,880	2,280	605	735	555	185
Worked at usual place	13,950	6,760	7,190	6,405	3,260	3,145
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	13,955	6,765	7,195	6,405	3,260	3,145
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	4,130	1,520	2,605	1,140	535	605
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	9,225	4,785	4,440	4,400	2,190	2,210
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	530	405	125	840	525	320
Commute to a different province or territory	70	50	20	25	15	0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	16,835	9,040	7,795	7,135	3,810	3,325
Car, truck, van - as a driver	14,780	8,010	6,770	6,415	3,455	2,965
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	865	425	435	320	150	165
Public transit	355	225	130	65	25	40
Walked	455	170	280	265	150	120
Bicycle	60	25	40	30	25	0
Other method	325	180	145	45	10	35
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	16,835	9,040	7,795	7,140	3,815	3,325
Less than 15 minutes	5,085	2,135	2,950	1,985	975	1,015
15 to 29 minutes	4,870	2,640	2,230	3,180	1,605	1,580
30 to 44 minutes	3,965	2,380	1,585	1,185	680	505
45 to 59 minutes	1,810	1,080	730	360	245	115
60 minutes and over	1,105	805	300	425	310	120
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	16,835	9,035	7,800	7,140	3,815	3,325
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,760	1,345	420	495	380	115
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	3,950	2,635	1,315	1,160	820	340
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	4,655	2,300	2,350	1,935	960	975
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	2,510	925	1,580	1,820	785	1,030
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	1,340	450	900	730	320	410
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	2,620	1,385	1,235	1,000	545	455
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	20,655	10,870	9,790	9,470	4,990	4,485
Single responses	20,585	10,830	9,750	9,455	4,985	4,475
Official languages	20,560	10,830	9,735	9,370	4,905	4,465
English	20,510	10,820	9,695	9,290	4,880	4,415
French	50	10	35	75	25	50
Non-official languages	20	0	15	90	80	10
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	20	10	15	85	85	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	10	0	10	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10	0	0	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	10	0	10	90	85	10
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	10	10	10
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	10	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0	0	10
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	10	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	75	70	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	70	70	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	10	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Cantonese	0	0	10	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	75	35	40	15	0	10
English and French	40	15	20	15	0	15
English and non-official language	40	15	25	0	0	0
French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	20,655	10,865	9,790	9,475	4,990	4,485
None	20,300	10,710	9,590	9,165	4,850	4,315
English	45	15	30	70	30	45
French	185	60	125	135	60	75
Non-official language	130	80	50	80	45	30
Aboriginal	10	0	10	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	125	80	45	80	50	35
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	0	0	0	10	0	0
French and non-official language	0	0	0	15	0	10
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	33,175	16,505	16,670	16,530	8,140	8,390
Non-movers	27,325	13,680	13,645	14,870	7,295	7,575
Movers	5,850	2,825	3,025	1,660	845	815
Non-migrants	2,640	1,285	1,360	375	165	210
Migrants	3,210	1,545	1,665	1,290	675	605
Internal migrants	3,075	1,475	1,600	1,200	640	560
Intraprovincial migrants	2,640	1,285	1,350	1,145	615	535
Interprovincial migrants	435	185	250	50	25	25
External migrants	135	70	65	85	35	50
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	31,000	15,455	15,545	16,025	7,895	8,135
Non-movers	14,740	7,515	7,225	11,185	5,520	5,670
Movers	16,260	7,940	8,320	4,835	2,370	2,465
Non-migrants	6,285	3,105	3,180	1,620	740	880
Migrants	9,975	4,840	5,140	3,215	1,635	1,585
Internal migrants	9,120	4,420	4,705	3,075	1,540	1,535
Intraprovincial migrants	7,040	3,385	3,655	2,955	1,470	1,485
Interprovincial migrants	2,085	1,030	1,050	125	70	50
External migrants	850	420	435	140	90	45

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Spruce Grove, CY [Census subdivision], Alberta and Pelham, T [Census subdivision], Ontario (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 10, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Spruce Grove, City [Census subdivision], Alberta and Pelham, Town [Census subdivision], Ontario

Census Profile, 2016 Census Spruce Grove, City [Census subdivision], Alberta and Pelham, Town [Census subdivision], Ontario

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Spruce Grove, City [Census subdivision], Alberta and Pelham, Town [Census subdivision], Ontario