Census Profile, 2016 Census
Spruce Grove, City [Census subdivision], Alberta and Smithers, Town [Census subdivision], British Columbia

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Spruce Grove, CY Alberta [Census subdivision]			Smithers, T British Columbia [Census subdivision]
	Data quality , Spruce Grove, City [Census subdivision], Alberta Map : Spruce Grove, City [Census subdivision], Alberta Change geography 1			Data quality : Smithers, Town [Census subdivision], British Columbia Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	34,066	...	...	5,401	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	26,171	...	...	5,404	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	30.2	...	...	-0.1	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	13,109	...	...	2,389	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	12,552	...	...	2,291	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	1,057.9	...	...	353.6	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	32.20	...	...	15.27	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	34,070	16,935	17,130	5,405	2,625	2,775
0 to 14 years	7,695	3,915	3,775	975	480	495
0 to 4 years	2,770	1,400	1,375	295	140	160
5 to 9 years	2,655	1,350	1,305	350	175	165
10 to 14 years	2,260	1,165	1,095	335	165	165
15 to 64 years	22,830	11,395	11,440	3,565	1,780	1,790
15 to 19 years	1,995	1,040	955	370	195	175
20 to 24 years	2,260	1,165	1,100	350	195	155
25 to 29 years	2,625	1,285	1,345	350	180	175
30 to 34 years	3,100	1,530	1,580	355	165	190
35 to 39 years	2,770	1,390	1,380	355	165	185
40 to 44 years	2,460	1,270	1,195	370	190	180
45 to 49 years	2,105	1,075	1,030	350	170	175
50 to 54 years	2,085	995	1,090	395	190	200
55 to 59 years	1,845	895	955	375	190	185
60 to 64 years	1,585	765	820	305	140	160
65 years and over	3,540	1,625	1,915	855	370	485
65 to 69 years	1,380	635	750	235	115	120
70 to 74 years	920	450	470	220	90	130
75 to 79 years	590	285	305	145	70	75
80 to 84 years	390	170	220	115	50	65
85 years and over	255	90	165	140	50	90
85 to 89 years	170	70	105	95	35	60
90 to 94 years	65	20	45	40	15	25
95 to 99 years	15	0	10	10	5	5
100 years and over	5	0	5	0	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	22.6	23.1	22.0	18.0	18.3	17.8
15 to 64 years	67.0	67.3	66.8	66.0	67.8	64.5
65 years and over	10.4	9.6	11.2	15.8	14.1	17.5
85 years and over	0.7	0.5	1.0	2.6	1.9	3.2
Average age of the population	35.1	34.5	35.8	39.8	38.8	40.7
Median age of the population	34.0	33.5	34.4	39.2	38.3	40.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	12,555	...	...	2,290	...	...
Single-detached house	8,120	...	...	1,520	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	70	...	...	0	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	4,050	...	...	655	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,465	...	...	120	...	...
Row house	725	...	...	90	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	45	...	...	30	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	1,800	...	...	390	...	...
Other single-attached house	10	...	...	20	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	310	...	...	120	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	12,555	...	...	2,290	...	...
1 person	2,440	...	...	765	...	...
2 persons	4,390	...	...	755	...	...
3 persons	2,190	...	...	320	...	...
4 persons	2,250	...	...	285	...	...
5 or more persons	1,275	...	...	165	...	...
Number of persons in private households	33,760	...	...	5,290	...	...
Average household size	2.7	...	...	2.3	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	26,375	13,020	13,355	4,425	2,150	2,275
Married or living common law	16,825	8,405	8,420	2,480	1,240	1,245
Married	13,685	6,840	6,845	2,000	995	1,005
Living common law	3,140	1,570	1,575	480	240	240
Not married and not living common law	9,545	4,610	4,935	1,940	915	1,030
Never married	6,225	3,475	2,750	1,195	685	515
Separated	725	290	435	145	55	90
Divorced	1,645	655	990	310	120	185
Widowed	950	185	760	300	55	240
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	9,800	...	...	1,450	...	...
2 persons	4,610	...	...	750	...	...
3 persons	2,070	...	...	285	...	...
4 persons	2,150	...	...	275	...	...
5 or more persons	970	...	...	135	...	...
Average size of census families	3.0	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	9,800	...	...	1,450	...	...
Total couple families	8,305	...	...	1,220	...	...
Married couples	6,735	...	...	980	...	...
Common-law couples	1,570	...	...	240	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	1,500	...	...	230	...	...
Female parent	1,145	...	...	180	...	...
Male parent	355	...	...	50	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	8,305	...	...	1,220	...	...
Couples without children	3,770	...	...	625	...	...
Couples with children	4,530	...	...	595	...	...
1 child	1,590	...	...	220	...	...
2 children	2,020	...	...	245	...	...
3 or more children	920	...	...	130	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	1,500	...	...	230	...	...
1 child	845	...	...	125	...	...
2 children	480	...	...	70	...	...
3 or more children	180	...	...	40	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	4,565	2,340	2,220	1,080	515	565
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	12,550	...	...	2,290	...	...
One-census-family households	9,330	...	...	1,425	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	3,595	...	...	610	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	5,740	...	...	810	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	230	...	...	15	...	...
Non-census-family households	2,990	...	...	855	...	...
One-person households	2,440	...	...	760	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	545	...	...	95	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	33,835	16,850	16,980	5,315	2,595	2,720
English only	31,755	15,915	15,840	4,925	2,415	2,505
French only	10	5	10	5	0	5
English and French	2,025	915	1,110	375	170	205
Neither English nor French	45	15	30	15	5	10
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	33,835	16,850	16,980	5,320	2,600	2,720
English	33,105	16,475	16,630	5,230	2,555	2,675
French	635	330	300	60	30	30
English and French	55	30	30	5	5	5
Neither English nor French	40	15	25	15	5	10
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	655	345	310	65	35	30
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	1.9	2.0	1.8	1.2	1.3	1.1
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	33,835	16,855	16,985	5,315	2,595	2,720
Single responses	33,475	16,680	16,790	5,255	2,565	2,690
Official languages	31,255	15,645	15,605	4,715	2,340	2,375
English	30,555	15,275	15,275	4,645	2,305	2,345
French	700	370	330	70	35	35
Non-official languages	2,225	1,030	1,190	540	225	315
Aboriginal languages	45	15	25	25	10	15
Algonquian languages	35	10	20	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	5	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	30	10	15	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	5	0	5	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	5	0	0	0
Woods Cree	10	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	15	5	5	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	5	0	5	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	5	0	5	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	5	0	5	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	15	5	10
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	20	5	10
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	5	5	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	10	5	5
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	5	0	5	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	5	0	5	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	5	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	2,180	1,020	1,160	520	215	300
Afro-Asiatic languages	50	30	20	30	10	15
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	45	25	20	25	10	20
Amharic	5	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	35	20	15	20	5	10
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	5	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	5	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	25	15	20	25	10	20
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	0	5	0	0	0
Vietnamese	20	10	15	25	10	20
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	605	260	345	55	20	30
Bikol	5	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	25	10	20	5	5	5
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	20	10	15	0	0	0
Ilocano	30	10	25	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	5	0	0	0	5	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10	0	5	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	510	225	280	40	15	25
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	5	5
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	10	5	5	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	15	5	15	0	5	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	5	5	5	0	0	0
Tamil	10	5	5	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	5	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	1,285	620	660	350	145	200
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	355	155	200	30	15	15
Baltic languages	5	5	5	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	5	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	350	155	200	35	15	20
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	5	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	10	5	5	5	5	0
Czech	15	10	5	5	5	0
Macedonian	5	5	0	0	0	0
Polish	75	30	45	10	0	10
Russian	65	25	35	0	0	0
Serbian	10	5	5	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	5	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	20	5	10	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	0	0	0	5	5
Ukrainian	155	70	85	5	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	5	5	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	5	5	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	465	215	250	240	100	135
Afrikaans	15	15	10	5	5	5
Danish	20	10	10	5	0	0
Dutch	100	45	50	105	45	60
Frisian	5	5	0	10	5	5
German	310	140	165	105	45	65
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	5	5	5	5	0	0
Swedish	5	0	5	10	5	5
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	5	0	5
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	15	10	10	5	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	190	100	85	15	5	10
Indo-Aryan languages	160	85	80	10	10	5
Bengali	10	10	5	0	0	0
Gujarati	15	5	5	0	0	0
Hindi	25	10	15	5	5	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	10	5	5	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	65	30	30	10	5	10
Sindhi	0	0	5	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	5	5	0	0	0
Urdu	30	15	15	5	0	5
Iranian languages	20	20	10	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	5	0	0	0	0
Pashto	10	10	5	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	10	5	5	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	250	130	115	60	25	40
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	30	15	15	30	10	20
Portuguese	30	20	15	15	10	5
Romanian	15	10	5	0	0	0
Spanish	175	90	80	15	5	10
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	10	5	10	10	10	5
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	20	10	10	5	0	5
Mongolic languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	5	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	40	25	15	10	5	10
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	5	5	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	5	0	5	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	5	0	5	10	5	5
Rundi (Kirundi)	5	5	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	5	5	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	5	0	5	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	5
Sign languages	15	10	10	5	5	0
American Sign Language	0	5	0	0	5	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	10	5	10	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	65	25	40	20	5	15
Chinese languages	60	25	40	20	5	10
Cantonese	35	10	20	5	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	20	5	15	10	0	10
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	5	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	0	5	5	5	5
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	5	5	0	0	0
Lao	5	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	5	0	5	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	5	5	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	5	5	5	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	20	10	10	5	5	5
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	5	0	0	5	0	5
Hungarian	15	10	10	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	0	0	0
Multiple responses	360	170	190	60	35	30
English and French	120	45	75	15	10	5
English and non-official language	230	115	115	45	20	20
French and non-official language	5	0	0	0	5	5
English, French and non-official language	5	0	0	0	0	0
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	33,835	16,850	16,985	5,315	2,595	2,720
Single responses	33,275	16,590	16,685	5,210	2,555	2,650
Official languages	32,485	16,200	16,280	5,065	2,495	2,570
English	32,295	16,095	16,200	5,035	2,480	2,560
French	190	110	80	30	20	15
Non-official languages	790	390	400	145	65	85
Aboriginal languages	5	5	0	5	0	5
Algonquian languages	5	5	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	5	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	5	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	5	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	5	0	5
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	5
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	5	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	785	390	400	140	60	80
Afro-Asiatic languages	15	10	10	25	15	15
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	20	10	5	30	15	15
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	20	10	10	30	15	15
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	20	10	15	20	5	10
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	5
Vietnamese	20	10	10	20	5	10
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	335	165	170	20	10	10
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	5	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	5	0	5	0	0	0
Ilocano	5	5	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	320	160	165	20	5	10
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	5	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	330	165	160	60	25	30
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	75	35	45	5	0	5
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	75	35	45	10	0	5
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	5	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	20	10	10	0	0	0
Russian	25	15	15	0	0	0
Serbian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	5	5	5	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	10	5	5	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	55	35	20	25	15	10
Afrikaans	10	5	5	10	5	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	5	0	0	0	0	5
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	45	25	15	15	5	5
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	15	5	10	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	105	50	55	5	5	0
Indo-Aryan languages	95	40	50	5	5	5
Bengali	5	5	5	0	0	0
Gujarati	5	5	5	0	0	0
Hindi	15	5	5	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	5	5	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	35	15	20	0	0	5
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	25	10	15	0	0	0
Iranian languages	15	10	5	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	10	5	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	5	5	5	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	75	40	35	25	10	15
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	5	0	5	10	5	10
Portuguese	10	5	5	5	5	5
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	60	35	30	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	5	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	10	5	5	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	10	5	10	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	5	0	5	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	5	5	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	10	5	5	5	0	0
American Sign Language	0	5	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	5	0	5	5	0	5
Sino-Tibetan languages	30	15	15	15	5	10
Chinese languages	35	15	20	15	5	5
Cantonese	25	10	15	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	10	5	0	5	0	5
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	0	5
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	5	5	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	5	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	5	5	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	5	0	5	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	5	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	5	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	560	260	305	105	40	65
English and French	75	30	40	10	5	5
English and non-official language	475	225	255	100	35	60
French and non-official language	5	0	5	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	5	5	5	0	5	0
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	33,835	16,855	16,985	5,315	2,595	2,720
None	32,065	16,020	16,045	5,000	2,455	2,545
English	470	255	215	80	40	35
French	445	195	250	60	30	35
Non-official language	830	365	460	175	70	110
Aboriginal	35	15	20	10	5	10
Non-Aboriginal	795	350	440	165	65	100
English and French	5	5	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	5	5	5	0	0	0
French and non-official language	5	5	5	0	5	0
English, French and non-official language	5	0	0	0	0	0
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	26,075	12,895	13,180	4,315	2,110	2,210
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	24,980	12,380	12,595	4,200	2,060	2,140
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	48,600	69,064	34,094	37,120	50,926	30,162
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	24,985	12,385	12,605	4,205	2,060	2,140
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	42,370	57,169	30,917	33,199	43,206	27,557
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	23,460	12,055	11,400	3,945	1,960	1,985
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	47,940	68,376	32,701	33,365	47,232	24,736
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	14,010	4,965	9,045	2,775	1,135	1,640
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	4,563	4,925	4,452	6,504	6,592	6,405
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	20,850	10,975	9,880	3,485	1,780	1,710
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	49,548	70,075	33,681	32,064	46,741	24,269
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	26,070	12,895	13,180	4,315	2,080	2,235
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	24,940	12,340	12,600	4,195	2,040	2,155
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	61,362	79,686	43,408	46,132	56,199	36,613
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	24,945	12,340	12,605	4,195	2,040	2,160
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	49,955	63,307	36,881	38,957	46,210	32,107
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	23,440	12,005	11,435	3,930	1,905	2,020
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	60,961	78,766	42,273	43,510	55,209	32,478
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	13,970	4,965	9,005	2,725	1,130	1,600
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,260	7,665	7,036	8,255	8,203	8,291
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	20,850	10,930	9,920	3,490	1,750	1,735
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	59,648	77,229	40,281	41,344	51,976	30,630
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	26,070	12,895	13,175	4,315	2,080	2,235
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	10,420	6,090	4,335	1,400	835	570
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	67,705	84,782	51,816	60,393	67,952	41,844
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	76,590	90,317	57,318	63,895	72,259	51,707
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	93.3	96.3	87.8	88.3	91.8	83.0
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	82.6	86.5	75.2	75.3	79.7	68.2
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	6.7	3.8	12.3	11.6	8.0	17.1
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	26,075	12,895	13,180	4,315	2,105	2,210
Without total income	1,095	510	580	115	45	65
With total income	24,975	12,385	12,600	4,200	2,055	2,145
Percentage with total income	95.8	96.0	95.6	97.3	97.6	97.1
Under $10,000 (including loss)	2,865	830	2,030	495	210	280
$10,000 to $19,999	2,680	800	1,880	630	235	395
$20,000 to $29,999	2,570	850	1,720	575	185	390
$30,000 to $39,999	2,370	880	1,485	540	205	340
$40,000 to $49,999	2,330	950	1,380	425	180	240
$50,000 to $59,999	2,145	950	1,195	360	195	160
$60,000 to $69,999	1,880	1,025	855	315	210	110
$70,000 to $79,999	1,505	920	580	265	185	80
$80,000 to $89,999	1,265	870	395	190	135	55
$90,000 to $99,999	1,170	785	380	115	85	25
$100,000 and over	4,210	3,525	685	300	235	60
$100,000 to $149,999	2,880	2,335	545	240	190	50
$150,000 and over	1,330	1,190	145	60	50	10
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	26,075	12,895	13,175	4,315	2,105	2,210
Without after-tax income	1,085	515	570	110	45	65
With after-tax income	24,985	12,385	12,605	4,200	2,060	2,140
Percentage with after-tax income	95.8	96.0	95.7	97.3	97.9	96.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	2,940	840	2,095	505	220	290
$10,000 to $19,999	2,800	845	1,955	690	255	435
$20,000 to $29,999	3,100	1,025	2,080	705	255	450
$30,000 to $39,999	2,930	1,170	1,760	575	215	355
$40,000 to $49,999	2,975	1,300	1,675	505	250	255
$50,000 to $59,999	2,510	1,380	1,130	435	295	140
$60,000 to $69,999	1,960	1,260	700	305	205	100
$70,000 to $79,999	1,630	1,140	495	185	135	50
$80,000 and over	4,145	3,425	720	300	230	65
$80,000 to $89,999	1,270	945	325	115	75	35
$90,000 to $99,999	865	700	155	55	40	15
$100,000 and over	2,015	1,775	240	130	110	20
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	26,070	12,895	13,180	4,315	2,105	2,210
Without employment income	5,220	1,925	3,295	825	325	500
With employment income	20,850	10,975	9,880	3,485	1,780	1,710
Percentage with employment income	80.0	85.1	75.0	80.8	84.6	77.4
Under $5,000 (including loss)	1,965	765	1,195	570	270	300
$5,000 to $9,999	1,225	430	800	245	95	150
$10,000 to $19,999	2,025	690	1,335	450	155	295
$20,000 to $29,999	1,780	600	1,185	385	150	235
$30,000 to $39,999	1,750	675	1,070	345	135	205
$40,000 to $49,999	1,745	700	1,045	300	125	175
$50,000 to $59,999	1,750	795	955	230	130	100
$60,000 to $69,999	1,465	815	655	255	170	85
$70,000 to $79,999	1,285	820	460	215	165	55
$80,000 and over	5,860	4,685	1,175	490	380	105
$80,000 to $89,999	1,065	755	305	145	105	40
$90,000 to $99,999	1,085	740	350	105	80	25
$100,000 and over	3,700	3,185	515	235	200	40
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	12,550	...	...	2,290	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	107,878	...	...	74,610	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	89,954	...	...	64,839	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	2,440	...	...	765	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	56,141	...	...	37,504	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	47,280	...	...	33,536	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	10,110	...	...	1,530	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	120,728	...	...	93,227	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	100,524	...	...	80,526	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	12,550	...	...	2,290	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	121,915	...	...	84,461	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	99,283	...	...	71,372	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	2,445	...	...	765	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	76,415	...	...	50,011	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	60,561	...	...	42,166	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	10,110	...	...	1,530	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	132,901	...	...	101,639	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	108,632	...	...	85,935	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	12,550	...	...	2,290	...	...
Under $5,000	95	...	...	25	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	45	...	...	15	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	85	...	...	55	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	145	...	...	90	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	300	...	...	105	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	245	...	...	90	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	260	...	...	110	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	305	...	...	85	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	310	...	...	65	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	345	...	...	80	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	700	...	...	165	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	720	...	...	175	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	720	...	...	170	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	710	...	...	160	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	710	...	...	160	...	...
$100,000 and over	6,865	...	...	735	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,840	...	...	305	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,480	...	...	180	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	1,995	...	...	165	...	...
$200,000 and over	1,545	...	...	90	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	12,555	...	...	2,290	...	...
Under $5,000	100	...	...	25	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	45	...	...	10	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	85	...	...	60	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	155	...	...	95	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	325	...	...	130	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	295	...	...	110	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	310	...	...	110	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	365	...	...	100	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	385	...	...	105	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	460	...	...	95	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	885	...	...	200	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	945	...	...	205	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	945	...	...	220	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	970	...	...	180	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	980	...	...	145	...	...
$100,000 and over	5,290	...	...	500	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	2,000	...	...	260	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,420	...	...	125	...	...
$150,000 and over	1,870	...	...	115	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	9,740	...	...	1,460	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	118,505	...	...	93,082	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	98,608	...	...	80,448	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.1	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	3,520	...	...	600	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	107,205	...	...	85,952	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	89,903	...	...	74,496	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	4,565	...	...	600	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	140,623	...	...	115,302	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	115,648	...	...	98,176	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	1,390	...	...	220	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	67,584	...	...	53,760	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	60,455	...	...	48,064	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	9,745	...	...	1,455	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	130,502	...	...	101,903	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	106,618	...	...	86,021	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	3,550	...	...	590	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	121,008	...	...	96,257	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	98,411	...	...	81,386	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	4,555	...	...	595	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	153,539	...	...	127,099	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	124,742	...	...	106,322	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,405	...	...	230	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	80,048	...	...	56,147	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	68,238	...	...	48,903	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	3,850	2,005	1,845	990	485	505
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	50,321	62,976	41,152	34,496	45,184	30,656
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	43,054	51,840	36,493	31,147	39,008	28,096
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	3,820	2,020	1,805	975	545	440
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	67,727	75,896	58,583	46,248	47,125	45,160
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	54,284	59,998	47,887	39,215	39,564	38,782
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	33,765	16,810	16,950	5,290	2,585	2,710
In the bottom half of the distribution	10,735	4,965	5,770	2,525	1,130	1,390
In the bottom decile	1,500	670	830	390	195	200
In the second decile	1,605	665	940	500	180	320
In the third decile	2,030	915	1,115	450	210	245
In the fourth decile	2,480	1,175	1,305	550	240	310
In the fifth decile	3,125	1,540	1,580	630	310	325
In the top half of the distribution	23,025	11,850	11,180	2,770	1,455	1,315
In the sixth decile	3,340	1,640	1,700	570	285	285
In the seventh decile	4,075	2,035	2,040	650	350	305
In the eighth decile	4,615	2,340	2,275	625	330	300
In the ninth decile	5,490	2,865	2,620	555	295	255
In the top decile	5,505	2,970	2,535	370	195	175
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	33,765	16,815	16,950	5,295	2,585	2,705
0 to 17 years	8,940	4,570	4,365	1,200	590	605
0 to 5 years	3,295	1,670	1,620	370	180	185
18 to 64 years	21,500	10,680	10,815	3,315	1,655	1,655
65 years and over	3,325	1,560	1,765	780	340	440
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	1,940	840	1,095	630	260	370
0 to 17 years	705	370	330	165	80	85
0 to 5 years	245	140	105	50	20	30
18 to 64 years	1,030	405	630	345	140	205
65 years and over	200	60	140	120	35	80
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	5.7	5.0	6.5	11.9	10.1	13.7
0 to 17 years (%)	7.9	8.1	7.6	13.8	13.6	14.0
0 to 5 years (%)	7.4	8.4	6.5	13.5	11.1	16.2
18 to 64 years (%)	4.8	3.8	5.8	10.4	8.5	12.4
65 years and over (%)	6.0	3.8	7.9	15.4	10.3	18.2
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	1,205	535	675	255	135	125
0 to 17 years	425	220	210	60	30	30
0 to 5 years	130	70	60	15	5	10
18 to 64 years	730	300	430	185	95	85
65 years and over	50	15	30	10	10	5
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.6	3.2	4.0	4.8	5.2	4.6
0 to 17 years (%)	4.8	4.8	4.8	5.0	5.1	5.0
0 to 5 years (%)	3.9	4.2	3.7	4.1	2.8	5.4
18 to 64 years (%)	3.4	2.8	4.0	5.6	5.7	5.1
65 years and over (%)	1.5	1.0	1.7	1.3	2.9	1.1
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	33,765	16,815	16,950	5,295	2,585	2,705
Official languages	33,700	16,790	16,915	5,275	2,580	2,695
English	33,690	16,790	16,905	5,270	2,580	2,690
French	1,970	885	1,085	365	175	200
Non-official languages	2,970	1,360	1,610	595	290	300
Aboriginal languages	35	15	25	45	25	20
Algonquian languages	25	10	15	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	20	15	10	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	20	15	10	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	10	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	10	35	20	15
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	35	20	15
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	10	0	10
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	10	25	20	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	10
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	10	0	10	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	10	10	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	2,935	1,350	1,585	555	270	285
Afro-Asiatic languages	140	80	65	10	10	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	140	75	65	10	10	10
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	140	75	65	0	10	10
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	10	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	35	25	10	10	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	10	10	0	0	10
Vietnamese	30	20	10	10	0	10
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	720	290	435	80	50	25
Bikol	15	10	10	0	0	0
Cebuano	30	10	20	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	10	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	10	10	0	10	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	10	0	0	10	10	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	705	290	420	70	45	30
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	10	10	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	10	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	10	0	10	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	1,730	830	900	405	185	220
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	435	205	230	40	30	15
Baltic languages	10	10	0	0	0	0
Latvian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	430	200	230	40	30	15
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	10	0	10	10	10	0
Czech	10	10	0	0	10	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	95	50	40	25	10	15
Russian	150	75	75	0	0	0
Serbian	25	10	15	10	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Slovak	20	10	10	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	180	80	105	10	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	590	295	295	235	110	130
Afrikaans	15	10	0	0	0	0
Danish	10	10	0	0	0	0
Dutch	130	70	60	95	40	55
Frisian	10	0	0	10	0	10
German	420	195	220	120	60	60
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	10	0	0	0	10
Swedish	10	0	0	15	10	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	60	35	20	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	210	110	95	10	10	10
Indo-Aryan languages	205	105	95	0	0	10
Bengali	15	10	10	0	0	0
Gujarati	15	10	10	0	0	0
Hindi	80	50	35	10	10	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	100	55	45	10	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	10	0	0	0	0
Urdu	30	15	15	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	470	205	265	125	55	70
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	30	10	15	40	10	40
Portuguese	30	25	10	0	0	10
Romanian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	410	170	235	70	40	25
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	55	25	30	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	40	15	25	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	50	25	25	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	10	0	10	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	10	10	10	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	10	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	30	10	20	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	50	15	40	10	10	0
American Sign Language	20	10	10	10	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	30	0	30	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	85	35	50	40	15	25
Chinese languages	85	35	50	40	15	25
Cantonese	45	15	35	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	40	15	20	0	0	10
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	35	15	15
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	15	10	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	10	0	0	0	0
Thai	10	10	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	10	10	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	10	10	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	35	10	30	15	0	10
Estonian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	10	10	10
Hungarian	35	10	25	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	33,765	16,815	16,950	5,290	2,585	2,705
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	32,285	16,105	16,180	5,095	2,490	2,605
Canadian citizens aged under 18	8,665	4,435	4,225	1,240	600	640
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	23,625	11,675	11,955	3,855	1,890	1,965
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	1,475	705	770	200	95	100
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	33,760	16,815	16,950	5,290	2,585	2,710
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	30,870	15,425	15,450	4,705	2,340	2,355
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	2,525	1,165	1,360	535	205	335
Before 1981	720	350	375	295	100	200
1981 to 1990	270	105	165	45	20	25
1991 to 2000	250	125	130	60	25	35
2001 to 2010	510	260	250	95	55	45
2001 to 2005	175	115	60	45	15	25
2006 to 2010	330	145	185	55	40	15
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	775	335	445	40	10	25
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	365	230	140	55	35	15
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	2,525	1,165	1,360	535	205	330
Under 5 years	280	140	140	105	35	70
5 to 14 years	550	270	280	105	45	60
15 to 24 years	450	165	285	120	45	80
25 to 44 years	1,120	540	580	150	60	90
45 years and over	120	50	70	50	20	35
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	2,525	1,165	1,360	535	205	330
Americas	390	165	220	100	35	70
Brazil	10	0	0	0	0	0
Colombia	40	10	30	0	0	0
El Salvador	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guyana	0	0	0	10	0	0
Haiti	10	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	20	15	10	0	0	0
Mexico	70	35	35	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	10	0	0	0	0
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	175	55	115	85	25	65
Other places of birth in Americas	60	40	20	0	10	0
Europe	1,130	580	545	270	110	165
Bosnia and Herzegovina	10	10	0	0	0	0
Croatia	0	0	0	0	0	0
France	30	15	15	0	0	0
Germany	135	75	65	50	25	25
Greece	35	15	15	0	0	0
Hungary	25	10	10	0	0	0
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	15	10	10	0	0	10
Italy	10	0	0	25	0	20
Netherlands	120	70	50	75	40	40
Poland	60	35	30	15	10	15
Portugal	20	10	15	10	0	10
Romania	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian Federation	50	20	30	0	0	0
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	10	0	0	10	0	10
Ukraine	35	20	15	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	495	235	255	50	10	40
Other places of birth in Europe	90	65	25	30	25	0
Africa	135	60	70	25	0	20
Algeria	10	10	0	0	0	0
Egypt	25	10	20	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenya	20	10	10	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	25	10	15	10	0	15
Other places of birth in Africa	55	30	25	10	10	0
Asia	855	350	505	120	45	75
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	15	10	10	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	45	20	30	30	15	20
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	20	0	15	0	0	0
India	80	40	40	10	10	0
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	10	0	0	0	0	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	20	10	10	10	0	10
Lebanon	50	35	20	0	0	0
Pakistan	20	10	10	0	0	0
Philippines	495	175	325	45	15	30
Sri Lanka	10	10	0	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	0	0	0	10	0	10
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	25	15	10	10	10	0
Other places of birth in Asia	65	30	40	10	0	10
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	20	0	15	20	15	10
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	775	330	445	40	15	25
Americas	110	40	70	10	10	10
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Colombia	30	0	20	0	0	0
Cuba	20	10	10	0	0	0
Haiti	10	10	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	10	0	0	0	0
Mexico	25	10	20	0	0	0
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	20	0	20	10	0	10
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	10	10	0	0	0	0
Europe	160	90	75	10	0	10
France	10	0	10	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	10	0	0	0
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	10	10	0	0	0	0
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian Federation	10	0	10	0	0	0
Ukraine	10	0	10	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	80	45	40	10	0	10
Other places of birth in Europe	35	30	10	0	0	0
Africa	15	10	10	10	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	10	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	10	0	10	0	0	0
Asia	490	200	285	15	10	10
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	20	0	15	15	0	0
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	0	0	0	0	0	0
India	30	15	10	0	0	0
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	15	10	10	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepal	0	10	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Philippines	400	160	240	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	10	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	10	0	10	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	10	0	0	10	0	0
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	33,760	16,815	16,950	5,295	2,585	2,705
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	3,035	1,470	1,565	620	265	355
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	4,585	2,195	2,390	1,105	540	565
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	26,140	13,145	12,995	3,560	1,780	1,780
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	1,855	835	1,015	255	115	140
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	1,080	510	575	85	50	35
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	455	250	205	45	25	20
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	625	255	370	40	30	20
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	580	210	375	140	50	90
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	190	120	65	20	10	10
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	0	0	0	10	0	10
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	33,760	16,815	16,950	5,290	2,585	2,705
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	2,620	1,280	1,340	555	245	310
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	2,580	1,260	1,325	525	225	300
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	1,005	490	510	435	200	235
Métis	1,530	740	785	100	30	70
Inuk (Inuit)	50	25	20	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	20	10	15	20	20	0
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	20	10	10	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal identity	31,140	15,535	15,605	4,735	2,335	2,400
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	33,765	16,810	16,950	5,290	2,585	2,705
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	755	345	410	415	190	220
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	33,005	16,470	16,535	4,880	2,395	2,490
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	33,760	16,810	16,950	5,290	2,585	2,705
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	510	270	235	125	60	65
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	480	250	225	125	55	60
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	265	145	125	120	60	60
Métis single ancestry	190	110	85	10	0	10
Inuit single ancestry	15	0	15	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	30	20	15	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	20	15	10	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	10	0	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	2,830	1,345	1,480	405	185	215
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	2,700	1,300	1,405	385	190	200
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	1,535	690	850	310	135	175
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	1,105	555	550	75	55	25
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	70	55	15	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	125	50	75	15	0	15
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	80	25	55	15	0	15
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	15	10	10	0	0	0
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	15	0	10	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	10	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	30,430	15,195	15,235	4,770	2,340	2,430
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	33,760	16,810	16,950	5,290	2,585	2,705
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	2,045	980	1,060	340	165	175
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	275	150	130	25	10	15
Chinese	105	45	55	70	30	40
Black	245	150	95	65	40	25
Filipino	820	340	480	75	40	30
Latin American	195	95	100	20	10	10
Arab	145	80	60	20	10	10
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	105	65	45	25	15	10
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	15	10	0	0	0	0
Korean	30	10	25	15	10	10
Japanese	45	25	20	25	15	10
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	10	0	10	0	0	10
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	50	20	30	10	10	0
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	31,720	15,830	15,885	4,950	2,415	2,535
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	33,760	16,815	16,950	5,290	2,585	2,710
North American Aboriginal origins	3,330	1,615	1,715	530	250	280
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,935	885	1,045	445	195	250
Inuit	135	80	50	0	0	0
Métis	1,425	720	705	100	50	40
Other North American origins	10,850	5,515	5,335	1,650	805	850
Acadian	105	70	35	0	0	10
American	640	280	365	185	70	115
Canadian	10,365	5,295	5,065	1,530	760	765
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	10	10	15	20	15	10
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ontarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Québécois	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	0	0	0	0	0	0
European origins	26,185	12,835	13,355	4,300	2,090	2,210
British Isles origins	16,965	8,270	8,695	2,800	1,350	1,445
Channel Islander	0	10	0	0	0	0
Cornish	0	0	0	10	10	0
English	9,545	4,650	4,895	1,745	775	965
Irish	6,900	3,225	3,680	1,135	545	595
Manx	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish	7,310	3,730	3,585	1,305	605	695
Welsh	915	465	455	200	100	100
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	825	385	435	145	75	75
French origins	4,995	2,385	2,615	580	280	290
Alsatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	0	0	0
Corsican	0	0	0	0	0	0
French	4,995	2,380	2,610	580	280	290
Western European origins (except French origins)	10,080	4,860	5,215	1,840	905	935
Austrian	585	265	320	55	25	30
Bavarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belgian	310	145	170	35	25	15
Dutch	2,140	1,045	1,090	905	445	455
Flemish	30	0	25	0	0	0
Frisian	15	10	10	25	10	20
German	7,990	3,865	4,130	890	445	445
Luxembourger	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss	260	100	160	150	65	90
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	3,550	1,635	1,915	520	210	315
Danish	630	285	345	80	30	55
Finnish	145	60	80	50	35	15
Icelandic	220	120	100	45	20	25
Norwegian	1,580	685	895	210	80	130
Swedish	1,135	510	625	155	65	95
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	100	65	35	30	10	25
Eastern European origins	7,485	3,690	3,800	710	370	335
Bulgarian	35	15	20	10	0	10
Byelorussian	0	10	0	0	0	0
Czech	165	95	70	10	10	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	70	20	45	0	0	0
Estonian	15	10	10	15	10	0
Hungarian	355	170	185	80	45	40
Latvian	25	15	10	25	15	10
Lithuanian	15	10	10	30	10	15
Moldovan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	1,885	980	910	220	115	105
Romanian	275	135	140	35	30	10
Russian	905	355	555	135	85	55
Slovak	60	30	30	0	0	0
Ukrainian	4,925	2,445	2,480	290	130	160
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	30	20	10	15	10	10
Southern European origins	1,425	685	745	360	165	195
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	15	10	10	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	85	45	40	40	20	25
Cypriot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	100	40	55	10	10	10
Italian	785	375	405	200	90	110
Kosovar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	15	0	15	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	10	25	20	10
Montenegrin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	175	75	100	25	0	15
Serbian	30	15	20	0	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovenian	35	25	15	10	0	0
Spanish	225	110	110	60	25	30
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	20	0	20	40	20	20
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other European origins	75	40	40	70	45	25
Basque	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jewish	35	10	25	30	20	10
Roma (Gypsy)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	0	0	0	10	0	10
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	45	25	20	30	20	15
Caribbean origins	190	105	85	0	0	0
Antiguan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bahamian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bermudan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carib	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuban	50	25	20	0	0	0
Dominican	15	10	10	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Jamaican	115	60	50	0	0	0
Kittitian/Nevisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Martinican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montserratan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	0	0	0	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	10	0	0	0
Vincentian/Grenadinian	0	0	0	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	0	0	10	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins	305	145	160	55	20	35
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	10	0	0	0	0	0
Arawak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belizean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bolivian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Brazilian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Colombian	50	15	35	10	0	0
Costa Rican	10	10	0	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guyanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hispanic	30	10	20	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maya	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mexican	145	80	65	30	15	15
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Panamanian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Peruvian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Salvadorean	15	15	0	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	40	10	25	10	0	10
African origins	275	150	130	100	65	40
Central and West African origins	10	10	10	35	25	10
Akan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Angolan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ashanti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burkinabe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadian	0	0	0	35	30	0
Congolese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gabonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ibo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Liberian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Malian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malinké	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Peulh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sierra Leonean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Togolese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	0	0	0	0	0	0
North African origins	50	25	25	10	0	0
Algerian	25	15	15	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	20	10	15	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	25	10	10	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maure	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moroccan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	0	0	10	0
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins	80	45	35	30	10	20
Afrikaner	0	0	10	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burundian	20	15	10	0	0	0
Djiboutian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	10	0	0	15	0	10
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	10	0	0	0	0
Seychellois	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
South African	25	15	10	15	10	10
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zulu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	25	10	10	0	0	0
Other African origins	135	70	65	25	15	10
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	15	10	10	0	0	0
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	120	60	60	30	20	15
Asian origins	1,725	835	890	325	150	180
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	215	130	85	50	0	45
Afghan	0	0	0	0	0	10
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	10	0	10	20	0	15
Armenian	15	10	10	0	0	0
Assyrian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hazara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian	25	10	15	10	0	10
Iraqi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Israeli	0	0	0	10	10	15
Jordanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurd	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kuwaiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanese	100	55	40	0	0	0
Palestinian	0	10	0	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saudi Arabian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syrian	15	15	0	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tatar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turk	35	25	10	0	0	0
Turkmen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uighur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	10	0	0	15	0	15
South Asian origins	310	165	155	35	20	20
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	35	10	25	0	0	0
Bhutanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
East Indian	205	105	95	25	15	0
Goan	0	0	0	10	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	10	10	0	0	0	0
Pakistani	35	20	15	0	0	0
Punjabi	20	10	15	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	15	15	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	0	0	0	0	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins	1,195	545	650	245	120	125
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	20	10	20	10	0	0
Chinese	255	130	125	90	30	60
Filipino	815	345	465	85	40	45
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Japanese	55	35	25	40	25	10
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	35	10	25	15	0	10
Laotian	25	15	0	0	0	0
Malaysian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	10	10	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	35	25	10	15	10	0
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other Asian origins	15	10	0	0	0	0
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	15	15	10	0	0	0
Oceania origins	85	45	40	60	30	30
Australian	55	35	25	15	0	10
New Zealander	10	10	10	15	15	10
Pacific Islands origins	20	10	10	30	15	15
Fijian	15	10	10	0	0	0
Hawaiian	0	10	0	30	15	15
Maori	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Samoan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	12,550	...	...	2,290	...	...
Owner	9,650	...	...	1,575	...	...
Renter	2,900	...	...	715	...	...
Band housing	0	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	12,550	...	...	2,295	...	...
Condominium	1,630	...	...	190	...	...
Not condominium	10,920	...	...	2,100	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	12,550	...	...	2,295	...	...
No bedrooms	15	...	...	20	...	...
1 bedroom	685	...	...	280	...	...
2 bedrooms	2,405	...	...	590	...	...
3 bedrooms	5,385	...	...	655	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	4,055	...	...	750	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	12,555	...	...	2,295	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	2,340	...	...	580	...	...
5 rooms	1,845	...	...	335	...	...
6 rooms	2,005	...	...	345	...	...
7 rooms	1,940	...	...	190	...	...
8 or more rooms	4,420	...	...	840	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.7	...	...	6.6	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	12,550	...	...	2,290	...	...
One person or fewer per room	12,440	...	...	2,275	...	...
More than 1 person per room	110	...	...	15	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	12,550	...	...	2,290	...	...
Suitable	12,155	...	...	2,255	...	...
Not suitable	395	...	...	35	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	12,555	...	...	2,290	...	...
1960 or before	95	...	...	415	...	...
1961 to 1980	2,725	...	...	860	...	...
1981 to 1990	1,125	...	...	390	...	...
1991 to 2000	1,450	...	...	355	...	...
2001 to 2005	1,440	...	...	60	...	...
2006 to 2010	2,740	...	...	125	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	2,975	...	...	90	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	12,550	...	...	2,290	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	12,125	...	...	2,130	...	...
Major repairs needed	425	...	...	160	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	12,550	...	...	2,290	...	...
1 household maintainer	6,900	...	...	1,400	...	...
2 household maintainers	5,355	...	...	850	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	295	...	...	40	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	12,550	...	...	2,295	...	...
15 to 24 years	570	...	...	125	...	...
25 to 34 years	2,645	...	...	345	...	...
35 to 44 years	2,905	...	...	430	...	...
45 to 54 years	2,430	...	...	420	...	...
55 to 64 years	1,965	...	...	410	...	...
65 to 74 years	1,305	...	...	330	...	...
75 to 84 years	615	...	...	160	...	...
85 years and over	120	...	...	85	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	12,525	...	...	2,290	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	10,145	...	...	1,870	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	2,385	...	...	415	...	...
30% to less than 100%	2,130	...	...	390	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	9,655	...	...	1,575	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	74.1	...	...	56.8	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	13.8	...	...	9.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,723	...	...	911	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,627	...	...	1,043	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	375,502	...	...	289,905	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	389,146	...	...	284,454	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	2,900	...	...	715	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	6.7	...	...	7.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	36.5	...	...	38.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,399	...	...	835	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,475	...	...	894	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	26,070	12,895	13,175	4,315	2,080	2,230
No certificate, diploma or degree	4,265	2,235	2,030	825	365	460
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	8,265	3,930	4,335	1,225	585	645
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	13,540	6,735	6,810	2,260	1,130	1,130
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	3,380	2,845	535	540	405	135
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	720	445	275	240	145	95
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	2,665	2,400	265	295	255	40
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	6,015	2,310	3,705	845	285	555
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	605	200	405	150	65	85
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	3,540	1,375	2,160	735	380	355
Bachelor's degree	2,835	1,065	1,765	505	285	220
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	185	55	125	85	30	55
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	55	35	25	0	0	0
Master's degree	420	190	225	145	65	75
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	50	25	20	0	0	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	18,505	9,155	9,345	2,765	1,405	1,365
No certificate, diploma or degree	1,800	1,025	775	250	145	110
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	5,560	2,665	2,895	775	400	370
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	11,145	5,470	5,675	1,745	865	885
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,650	2,250	395	395	305	95
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	520	330	185	165	100	60
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	2,135	1,920	210	235	200	30
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	4,940	1,865	3,080	610	200	405
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	460	155	305	110	55	55
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	3,100	1,195	1,905	635	300	335
Bachelor's degree	2,515	960	1,555	440	225	215
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	145	35	105	70	30	40
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	40	15	25	0	0	10
Master's degree	350	155	200	115	45	75
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	45	25	20	0	0	0
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	26,070	12,895	13,180	4,315	2,080	2,235
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	12,535	6,165	6,365	2,050	950	1,105
Education	1,085	290	790	190	45	145
13. Education	1,085	295	795	190	45	145
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	300	135	165	35	10	20
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	90	60	30	15	10	0
50. Visual and performing arts	215	75	135	20	0	15
Humanities	375	170	200	85	40	45
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	30	10	20	10	10	0
23. English language and literature/letters	70	10	65	15	0	15
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	65	30	40	20	15	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	10	10	0	0	0	10
38. Philosophy and religious studies	45	15	25	15	10	10
39. Theology and religious vocations	100	60	35	15	0	10
54. History	45	45	0	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/letters	10	0	10	10	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	990	255	740	165	70	95
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	10	0	15	10	0	10
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	95	45	55	15	0	15
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	260	10	250	25	0	20
22. Legal professions and studies	240	30	205	20	10	15
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	10	0	10	0	0	0
42. Psychology	160	45	115	15	10	10
45. Social sciences	220	125	95	85	50	30
Business, management and public administration	2,595	720	1,880	400	105	290
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	0	20	0	15
44. Public administration and social service professions	150	25	130	35	15	20
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	2,435	690	1,745	345	90	250
Physical and life sciences and technologies	225	85	135	75	50	25
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	100	40	65	25	10	15
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	45	0	40	0	10	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	0	0	0	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	45	30	15	35	30	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	30	10	15	0	0	10
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	265	135	135	30	20	15
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	195	130	65	30	20	10
25. Library science	45	0	45	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	20	0	15	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	4,210	3,920	285	505	470	35
04. Architecture and related services	35	20	15	0	0	10
14. Engineering	325	270	60	90	65	20
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	735	665	75	70	60	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	1,220	1,145	75	180	180	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,275	1,235	45	130	125	10
48. Precision production	620	590	30	40	40	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	265	190	80	185	145	40
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	105	85	20	25	20	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	165	105	55	160	125	35
Health and related fields	2,305	350	1,955	405	80	320
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	185	95	95	45	15	25
51. Health professions and related programs	2,115	250	1,860	360	65	300
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	0	10	0	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	925	485	435	195	85	110
12. Personal and culinary services	460	85	380	125	40	85
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	255	200	55	10	10	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	195	195	0	55	40	15
Other	0	0	10	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	10	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	18,505	9,155	9,350	2,770	1,405	1,365
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	7,360	3,690	3,670	1,020	545	480
Education	865	235	635	160	40	120
13. Education	870	230	635	165	40	120
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	255	120	140	20	10	10
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	75	55	20	10	10	0
50. Visual and performing arts	180	65	115	20	0	15
Humanities	325	150	175	70	30	35
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	30	10	20	10	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	60	10	55	10	0	15
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	60	20	35	15	10	10
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	0	10	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	40	10	30	10	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	75	50	25	15	10	0
54. History	40	35	10	10	0	0
55. French language and literature/letters	15	0	10	10	0	10
Social and behavioural sciences and law	875	225	650	150	60	90
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	15	0	15	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	85	35	50	10	0	10
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	225	10	220	25	0	25
22. Legal professions and studies	200	20	180	20	0	10
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	10	0	0	0	0	0
42. Psychology	135	40	95	20	10	10
45. Social sciences	205	115	85	70	40	30
Business, management and public administration	2,150	585	1,565	300	75	215
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	0	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	125	15	110	35	15	15
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	2,020	570	1,450	260	60	200
Physical and life sciences and technologies	185	70	115	55	30	20
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	80	30	45	20	10	15
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	40	0	35	0	10	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	0	0	0	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	35	25	15	25	20	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	35	15	20	10	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	240	120	120	30	20	10
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	170	120	55	25	20	10
25. Library science	45	0	45	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	20	0	15	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	0	0	10	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	3,400	3,130	270	380	350	30
04. Architecture and related services	35	20	20	10	0	0
14. Engineering	290	235	55	65	50	15
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	605	540	65	50	45	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	1,015	950	70	130	135	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	975	940	35	105	100	10
48. Precision production	470	445	30	30	25	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	230	160	70	155	115	40
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	85	60	20	10	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	145	95	50	150	115	35
Health and related fields	1,890	275	1,610	295	65	230
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	170	80	90	40	15	20
51. Health professions and related programs	1,725	200	1,525	255	50	210
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	0	0	0	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	720	395	325	135	65	75
12. Personal and culinary services	340	65	280	95	35	60
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	230	175	45	15	10	10
49. Transportation and materials moving	150	145	0	25	20	10
Other	10	0	10	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	10	0	10	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	26,075	12,895	13,180	4,315	2,080	2,235
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	12,530	6,160	6,370	2,050	950	1,105
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	13,545	6,730	6,810	2,265	1,135	1,130
Location of study inside Canada	12,415	6,240	6,170	2,015	1,005	1,010
Same as province or territory of residence	9,690	4,950	4,745	1,515	760	755
Different than province or territory of residence	2,725	1,295	1,425	500	245	255
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	1,125	490	640	245	125	120
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	150	70	80	60	25	35
Philippines	340	130	210	50	45	10
India	45	15	25	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	200	80	115	20	0	20
China^{Census data footnote 162}	10	0	10	0	0	0
France	15	10	0	0	0	0
Other	375	180	195	115	50	65
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	18,505	9,160	9,345	2,770	1,405	1,365
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	7,360	3,690	3,665	1,020	545	480
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	11,145	5,465	5,680	1,745	860	890
Location of study inside Canada	10,195	5,055	5,145	1,585	775	815
Same as province or territory of residence	7,920	3,965	3,960	1,175	575	595
Different than province or territory of residence	2,275	1,085	1,185	415	200	215
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	950	415	535	155	90	70
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	110	45	60	50	25	25
Philippines	335	130	205	30	30	0
India	40	20	25	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	125	50	70	0	10	0
China^{Census data footnote 162}	10	0	10	0	0	0
France	15	15	0	0	0	0
Other	320	155	160	75	30	40
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	26,075	12,895	13,175	4,315	2,080	2,235
In the labour force	19,300	10,270	9,025	2,965	1,570	1,390
Employed	17,790	9,400	8,390	2,700	1,380	1,315
Unemployed	1,510	870	640	265	185	75
Not in the labour force	6,775	2,620	4,150	1,355	510	840
Participation rate	74.0	79.6	68.5	68.7	75.5	62.2
Employment rate	68.2	72.9	63.7	62.6	66.3	58.8
Unemployment rate	7.8	8.5	7.1	8.9	11.8	5.4
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	26,070	12,900	13,175	4,315	2,080	2,235
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	5,855	2,185	3,675	1,145	420	725
Worked	20,210	10,715	9,500	3,175	1,660	1,510
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	10,700	6,260	4,440	1,415	840	575
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	9,515	4,455	5,055	1,755	815	940
Average weeks worked in reference year	43.3	44.1	42.3	41.0	41.8	40.2
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	19,300	10,270	9,025	2,965	1,570	1,395
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	230	80	150	45	35	0
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	19,075	10,195	8,875	2,920	1,530	1,390
Employee	17,350	9,175	8,175	2,615	1,360	1,250
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	1,720	1,015	700	310	170	140
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	19,295	10,270	9,025	2,960	1,570	1,395
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	230	75	150	40	40	0
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	19,070	10,195	8,875	2,920	1,530	1,390
0 Management occupations	2,185	1,380	805	290	180	115
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	3,060	680	2,375	355	90	270
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	900	705	190	335	260	75
3 Health occupations	1,120	140	985	185	35	150
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	1,860	635	1,225	325	70	250
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	335	90	250	45	15	35
6 Sales and service occupations	4,020	1,455	2,565	770	340	435
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	4,555	4,225	335	420	380	40
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	485	415	65	110	95	15
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	555	475	75	90	75	20
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	19,300	10,270	9,025	2,965	1,570	1,395
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	225	80	150	40	40	0
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	19,070	10,195	8,880	2,920	1,530	1,390
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	130	100	35	120	85	35
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	760	625	135	135	100	40
22 Utilities	295	260	40	10	10	0
23 Construction	3,010	2,495	515	185	150	30
31-33 Manufacturing	1,070	775	295	145	105	35
41 Wholesale trade	1,125	800	325	115	85	30
44-45 Retail trade	2,470	1,085	1,385	400	200	195
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	955	720	235	205	145	60
51 Information and cultural industries	230	110	120	20	20	0
52 Finance and insurance	545	110	435	45	15	30
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	330	165	160	35	20	15
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	950	440	510	210	110	105
55 Management of companies and enterprises	30	20	15	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	560	265	290	65	30	35
61 Educational services	1,165	310	855	195	55	140
62 Health care and social assistance	1,840	180	1,665	305	20	280
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	340	145	195	55	30	30
72 Accommodation and food services	1,260	505	755	360	160	200
81 Other services (except public administration)	985	500	485	100	50	50
91 Public administration	1,020	580	435	220	140	85
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	17,790	9,400	8,385	2,700	1,385	1,315
Worked at home	930	345	585	120	30	90
Worked outside Canada	25	15	10	0	0	0
No fixed workplace address	2,880	2,280	605	275	205	60
Worked at usual place	13,950	6,760	7,190	2,305	1,145	1,160
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	13,955	6,765	7,195	2,305	1,140	1,165
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	4,130	1,520	2,605	1,740	810	930
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	9,225	4,785	4,440	430	245	190
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	530	405	125	105	60	40
Commute to a different province or territory	70	50	20	25	25	0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	16,835	9,040	7,795	2,575	1,355	1,225
Car, truck, van - as a driver	14,780	8,010	6,770	1,735	945	785
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	865	425	435	155	55	105
Public transit	355	225	130	30	25	0
Walked	455	170	280	460	215	245
Bicycle	60	25	40	140	95	50
Other method	325	180	145	55	25	30
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	16,835	9,040	7,795	2,580	1,350	1,225
Less than 15 minutes	5,085	2,135	2,950	2,015	995	1,020
15 to 29 minutes	4,870	2,640	2,230	310	160	145
30 to 44 minutes	3,965	2,380	1,585	45	20	25
45 to 59 minutes	1,810	1,080	730	85	75	10
60 minutes and over	1,105	805	300	125	100	30
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	16,835	9,035	7,800	2,575	1,350	1,225
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,760	1,345	420	135	90	45
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	3,950	2,635	1,315	400	265	135
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	4,655	2,300	2,350	675	390	285
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	2,510	925	1,580	695	305	390
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	1,340	450	900	265	105	160
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	2,620	1,385	1,235	400	190	210
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	20,655	10,870	9,790	3,305	1,700	1,600
Single responses	20,585	10,830	9,750	3,305	1,700	1,605
Official languages	20,560	10,830	9,735	3,295	1,695	1,595
English	20,510	10,820	9,695	3,280	1,695	1,590
French	50	10	35	10	0	10
Non-official languages	20	0	15	10	10	0
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	20	10	15	10	0	10
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	10	0	10	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10	0	0	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	10	0	10	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	10
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	10	0	10
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	10	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	10	10	0
Chinese languages	10	0	0	10	0	0
Cantonese	0	0	10	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	75	35	40	0	0	0
English and French	40	15	20	0	0	0
English and non-official language	40	15	25	0	0	0
French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	20,655	10,865	9,790	3,305	1,700	1,605
None	20,300	10,710	9,590	3,230	1,650	1,580
English	45	15	30	10	0	10
French	185	60	125	10	0	10
Non-official language	130	80	50	55	50	0
Aboriginal	10	0	10	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	125	80	45	55	45	10
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	33,175	16,505	16,670	5,240	2,570	2,665
Non-movers	27,325	13,680	13,645	4,415	2,180	2,235
Movers	5,850	2,825	3,025	820	385	430
Non-migrants	2,640	1,285	1,360	475	235	250
Migrants	3,210	1,545	1,665	340	155	185
Internal migrants	3,075	1,475	1,600	340	155	185
Intraprovincial migrants	2,640	1,285	1,350	270	125	145
Interprovincial migrants	435	185	250	65	35	35
External migrants	135	70	65	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	31,000	15,455	15,545	4,990	2,440	2,550
Non-movers	14,740	7,515	7,225	2,880	1,410	1,470
Movers	16,260	7,940	8,320	2,110	1,025	1,080
Non-migrants	6,285	3,105	3,180	1,215	580	635
Migrants	9,975	4,840	5,140	890	450	445
Internal migrants	9,120	4,420	4,705	795	380	425
Intraprovincial migrants	7,040	3,385	3,655	655	310	345
Interprovincial migrants	2,085	1,030	1,050	140	65	70
External migrants	850	420	435	95	70	25

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 35 referrer

Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 36 referrer

Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Spruce Grove, CY [Census subdivision], Alberta and Smithers, T [Census subdivision], British Columbia (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 2, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Spruce Grove, City [Census subdivision], Alberta and Smithers, Town [Census subdivision], British Columbia

Census Profile, 2016 Census Spruce Grove, City [Census subdivision], Alberta and Smithers, Town [Census subdivision], British Columbia

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Spruce Grove, City [Census subdivision], Alberta and Smithers, Town [Census subdivision], British Columbia