Census Profile, 2016 Census
Red Deer [Economic region], Alberta and Quebec [Province]

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Red Deer Alberta [Economic region]			Quebec [Province]
	Data quality , Red Deer [Economic region], Alberta Map : Red Deer [Economic region], Alberta Change geography 1			Data quality : Quebec [Province] Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	209,395	...	...	8,164,361	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	189,243	...	...	7,903,001	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	10.6	...	...	3.3	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	88,994	...	...	3,858,943	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	80,649	...	...	3,531,663	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	21.1	...	...	6.0	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	9,939.43	...	...	1,356,625.27	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	209,395	104,790	104,605	8,164,360	4,016,760	4,147,605
0 to 14 years	41,065	21,155	19,915	1,333,260	682,535	650,720
0 to 4 years	13,850	7,160	6,695	444,930	227,965	216,970
5 to 9 years	14,300	7,390	6,910	469,165	240,225	228,940
10 to 14 years	12,910	6,605	6,310	419,160	214,345	204,815
15 to 64 years	141,555	71,260	70,295	5,335,910	2,664,630	2,671,280
15 to 19 years	12,875	6,625	6,250	429,825	219,070	210,755
20 to 24 years	13,120	6,645	6,470	500,100	252,600	247,500
25 to 29 years	15,470	7,915	7,555	495,410	248,030	247,380
30 to 34 years	16,730	8,510	8,220	515,505	256,440	259,070
35 to 39 years	14,855	7,575	7,285	550,540	274,595	275,945
40 to 44 years	13,655	7,025	6,635	506,525	254,100	252,425
45 to 49 years	13,065	6,470	6,595	519,425	260,410	259,015
50 to 54 years	14,635	7,070	7,565	619,435	309,070	310,370
55 to 59 years	14,840	7,330	7,515	636,475	314,190	322,285
60 to 64 years	12,305	6,095	6,210	562,670	276,140	286,535
65 years and over	26,780	12,380	14,400	1,495,195	669,590	825,605
65 to 69 years	9,260	4,570	4,690	488,175	236,395	251,775
70 to 74 years	6,245	3,035	3,215	373,590	176,905	196,690
75 to 79 years	4,610	2,080	2,530	256,905	116,020	140,890
80 to 84 years	3,250	1,475	1,775	187,835	78,390	109,450
85 years and over	3,410	1,215	2,200	188,685	61,885	126,805
85 to 89 years	2,260	905	1,355	120,635	43,795	76,840
90 to 94 years	895	250	650	53,165	15,155	38,015
95 to 99 years	220	55	165	13,035	2,685	10,350
100 years and over	35	5	25	1,850	255	1,600
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	19.6	20.2	19.0	16.3	17.0	15.7
15 to 64 years	67.6	68.0	67.2	65.4	66.3	64.4
65 years and over	12.8	11.8	13.8	18.3	16.7	19.9
85 years and over	1.6	1.2	2.1	2.3	1.5	3.1
Average age of the population	38.0	37.2	38.7	41.9	40.9	42.9
Median age of the population	36.8	36.0	37.6	42.5	41.4	43.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	80,645	...	...	3,531,660	...	...
Single-detached house	51,550	...	...	1,602,680	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	605	...	...	187,800	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	23,660	...	...	1,717,680	...	...
Semi-detached house	4,820	...	...	188,245	...	...
Row house	6,085	...	...	93,350	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	2,130	...	...	265,195	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	10,520	...	...	1,154,955	...	...
Other single-attached house	110	...	...	15,940	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	4,835	...	...	23,505	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	80,645	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
1 person	19,415	...	...	1,175,230	...	...
2 persons	29,600	...	...	1,227,765	...	...
3 persons	12,520	...	...	489,460	...	...
4 persons	11,500	...	...	426,250	...	...
5 or more persons	7,615	...	...	212,960	...	...
Number of persons in private households	204,545	...	...	7,965,455	...	...
Average household size	2.5	...	...	2.3	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	168,330	83,640	84,685	6,831,105	3,334,220	3,496,885
Married or living common law	100,620	50,385	50,235	3,844,145	1,924,750	1,919,395
Married	82,400	41,295	41,105	2,342,980	1,172,720	1,170,260
Living common law	18,225	9,095	9,130	1,501,160	752,025	749,135
Not married and not living common law	67,710	33,255	34,450	2,986,960	1,409,475	1,577,490
Never married	43,620	24,685	18,935	2,010,580	1,084,300	926,280
Separated	4,585	1,975	2,610	103,625	46,390	57,240
Divorced	11,565	4,850	6,715	483,195	194,430	288,760
Widowed	7,945	1,745	6,200	389,555	84,345	305,210
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	58,170	...	...	2,257,560	...	...
2 persons	29,895	...	...	1,204,955	...	...
3 persons	11,740	...	...	466,310	...	...
4 persons	10,860	...	...	412,160	...	...
5 or more persons	5,685	...	...	174,140	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	58,170	...	...	2,257,560	...	...
Total couple families	49,215	...	...	1,878,095	...	...
Married couples	40,105	...	...	1,128,355	...	...
Common-law couples	9,110	...	...	749,740	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	8,960	...	...	379,460	...	...
Female parent	6,950	...	...	284,900	...	...
Male parent	2,010	...	...	94,565	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	49,215	...	...	1,878,095	...	...
Couples without children	24,590	...	...	970,260	...	...
Couples with children	24,625	...	...	907,840	...	...
1 child	9,185	...	...	356,640	...	...
2 children	10,060	...	...	384,875	...	...
3 or more children	5,375	...	...	166,315	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	8,960	...	...	379,465	...	...
1 child	5,305	...	...	234,695	...	...
2 children	2,555	...	...	109,670	...	...
3 or more children	1,100	...	...	35,100	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	35,420	18,625	16,795	1,579,070	775,765	803,305
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	80,650	...	...	3,531,660	...	...
One-census-family households	55,355	...	...	2,197,340	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	23,570	...	...	947,305	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	31,780	...	...	1,250,040	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	1,380	...	...	29,595	...	...
Non-census-family households	23,915	...	...	1,304,725	...	...
One-person households	19,415	...	...	1,175,230	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	4,495	...	...	129,500	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	206,260	103,215	103,045	8,066,560	3,977,275	4,089,285
English only	195,625	98,365	97,255	372,445	187,595	184,860
French only	105	45	60	4,032,640	1,874,545	2,158,095
English and French	9,500	4,300	5,195	3,586,410	1,884,135	1,702,275
Neither English nor French	1,035	500	535	75,065	31,000	44,060
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	206,260	103,215	103,045	8,066,555	3,977,270	4,089,285
English	202,695	101,425	101,270	964,120	482,985	481,135
French	2,290	1,180	1,110	6,750,945	3,320,380	3,430,560
English and French	285	135	145	278,710	144,060	134,655
Neither English nor French	995	475	515	72,775	29,845	42,930
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	2,430	1,250	1,180	1,103,480	555,015	548,465
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	1.2	1.2	1.1	13.7	14.0	13.4
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	206,260	103,215	103,040	8,066,555	3,977,270	4,089,285
Single responses	203,635	101,930	101,705	7,881,650	3,884,675	3,996,975
Official languages	183,055	91,845	91,210	6,820,815	3,366,970	3,453,845
English	180,555	90,565	89,990	601,155	301,860	299,300
French	2,500	1,280	1,220	6,219,665	3,065,115	3,154,550
Non-official languages	20,575	10,085	10,490	1,060,830	517,700	543,125
Aboriginal languages	1,015	485	530	45,570	22,530	23,040
Algonquian languages	975	470	505	33,140	16,365	16,770
Blackfoot	5	5	0	5	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	955	460	495	31,430	15,575	15,855
Atikamekw	0	0	0	6,150	3,135	3,015
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	8,715	4,155	4,555
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	5	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	590	285	305
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	135	55	80
Plains Cree	70	35	35	5	0	5
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	35	15	15
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	5	5	0
Woods Cree	15	5	10	10	5	5
Cree, n.o.s.	860	415	445	15,790	7,920	7,875
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	485	225	260
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	485	220	260
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	20	10	15	1,215	565	645
Algonquin	0	0	0	1,185	555	630
Ojibway	20	10	15	20	10	15
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	5	0	5
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	5
Athabaskan languages	15	5	10	15	10	5
Northern Athabaskan languages	10	5	5	15	10	5
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	5	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	5	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	10	5	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	5	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	5	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	5	0	5	11,970	5,955	6,015
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	5	0	5	11,895	5,925	5,970
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	75	25	45
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	375	165	210
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	365	160	210
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	5
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	5	5	0
Salish languages	5	0	0	5	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	5	0
Siouan languages	15	10	5	0	0	0
Dakota	10	5	5	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	5	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	5	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	5	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	65	30	35
Non-Aboriginal languages	19,555	9,600	9,960	1,015,260	495,175	520,090
Afro-Asiatic languages	760	425	330	197,535	104,185	93,355
Berber languages	0	0	0	20,845	11,125	9,720
Kabyle	0	0	0	12,470	6,625	5,840
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	8,375	4,500	3,875
Cushitic languages	80	40	35	1,125	545	580
Bilen	0	0	0	10	10	5
Oromo	15	5	5	15	10	5
Somali	65	35	25	1,075	515	560
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	20	10
Semitic languages	680	380	295	175,215	92,310	82,900
Amharic	25	10	15	745	340	405
Arabic	595	340	250	169,890	89,590	80,300
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	150	80	70
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	15	10	5
Harari	0	5	0	0	5	5
Hebrew	10	5	5	3,885	2,040	1,845
Maltese	0	0	0	25	10	15
Tigrigna	55	25	30	385	185	205
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	110	60	50
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	355	200	155
Austro-Asiatic languages	335	165	180	36,305	17,030	19,275
Khmer (Cambodian)	65	30	35	8,855	4,105	4,750
Vietnamese	275	130	145	27,425	12,920	14,505
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	25	10	15
Austronesian languages	5,390	2,435	2,955	21,635	7,800	13,835
Bikol	25	20	10	115	35	80
Cebuano	155	60	95	885	270	610
Fijian	10	5	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	55	20	35	410	125	275
Ilocano	290	130	160	2,060	745	1,315
Malagasy	0	0	0	1,250	590	660
Malay	20	10	15	705	265	440
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	50	30	20	205	90	110
Pangasinan	20	5	15	95	40	50
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	4,710	2,140	2,575	15,545	5,480	10,065
Waray-Waray	20	10	10	50	10	40
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	30	15	15	320	140	180
Creole languages	45	25	25	56,990	25,220	31,770
Haitian Creole	15	0	10	2,220	1,055	1,170
Creole, n.o.s.	25	15	10	53,785	23,675	30,110
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	980	490	490
Dravidian languages	185	100	80	14,865	7,435	7,430
Kannada	5	0	5	240	130	110
Malayalam	80	45	35	440	235	205
Tamil	65	35	30	13,600	6,715	6,880
Telugu	30	15	15	570	345	230
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	15	10	5
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	25	10	15
Indo-European languages	10,625	5,385	5,245	553,045	269,625	283,420
Albanian	10	5	5	2,795	1,420	1,370
Armenian	50	25	20	16,430	7,970	8,460
Balto-Slavic languages	2,060	1,005	1,055	68,155	30,960	37,195
Baltic languages	35	20	15	850	335	515
Latvian	15	10	5	290	120	175
Lithuanian	15	10	5	555	215	340
Slavic languages	2,030	980	1,045	67,310	30,630	36,675
Belarusan	0	0	0	80	45	35
Bosnian	75	30	40	1,620	805	815
Bulgarian	25	10	20	6,985	3,385	3,600
Croatian	55	15	35	2,330	1,165	1,170
Czech	70	35	35	1,465	690	775
Macedonian	5	5	0	205	105	95
Polish	265	135	130	13,935	6,065	7,865
Russian	510	230	285	28,565	12,715	15,850
Serbian	70	40	25	3,140	1,590	1,545
Serbo-Croatian	15	5	10	1,805	865	940
Slovak	45	20	25	1,040	455	585
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	5	0	755	350	405
Ukrainian	880	450	430	5,210	2,285	2,920
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	175	90	85
Celtic languages	30	20	15	155	95	60
Scottish Gaelic	10	5	5	20	15	10
Welsh	20	10	5	40	20	20
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	90	55	30
Germanic languages	4,370	2,210	2,160	27,540	13,280	14,260
Afrikaans	210	95	115	125	60	65
Danish	150	75	75	395	190	200
Dutch	1,595	830	765	2,825	1,395	1,430
Frisian	50	30	20	10	10	0
German	2,270	1,130	1,135	13,670	6,340	7,330
Icelandic	5	0	0	65	30	35
Norwegian	40	15	25	200	100	100
Swedish	35	15	20	555	255	300
Vlaams (Flemish)	15	5	5	540	240	300
Yiddish	0	0	0	8,985	4,560	4,420
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	175	100	75
Greek	80	40	40	38,635	19,435	19,205
Indo-Iranian languages	1,520	805	715	76,040	39,205	36,835
Indo-Aryan languages	1,125	600	525	45,845	23,875	21,970
Bengali	55	30	25	10,995	5,620	5,380
Gujarati	110	55	50	6,070	2,980	3,090
Hindi	245	135	110	3,030	1,635	1,390
Kashmiri	0	0	0	20	15	5
Konkani	0	0	0	110	60	55
Marathi	0	5	0	255	145	110
Nepali	50	20	30	1,505	740	765
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	35	20	15
Punjabi (Panjabi)	285	145	140	12,380	6,720	5,660
Sindhi	10	5	5	330	160	165
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	65	35	30	645	310	330
Urdu	310	170	140	10,470	5,460	5,010
Iranian languages	375	190	185	29,760	15,105	14,655
Kurdish	0	0	0	985	550	430
Pashto	90	40	45	1,285	680	610
Persian (Farsi)	285	150	135	27,490	13,875	13,615
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	440	225	210
Italic (Romance) languages	2,510	1,280	1,235	323,290	157,260	166,030
Catalan	0	0	0	320	170	150
Italian	115	50	65	104,600	51,705	52,895
Portuguese	100	60	40	36,770	17,735	19,035
Romanian	150	75	80	35,840	17,170	18,665
Spanish	2,140	1,095	1,050	145,635	70,405	75,235
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	125	75	50
Japanese	60	15	45	2,525	775	1,750
Kartvelian languages	5	0	0	170	80	85
Georgian	0	0	5	170	80	90
Korean	430	225	200	5,160	2,270	2,890
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	190	75	115
Mongolian	0	0	0	195	80	115
Niger-Congo languages	265	140	125	28,355	14,360	13,995
Akan (Twi)	35	20	15	1,050	520	525
Bamanankan	0	0	0	1,200	655	545
Edo	5	0	0	75	45	30
Ewe	5	5	5	730	400	325
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	2,055	1,080	970
Ga	0	0	0	80	40	40
Ganda	0	0	0	35	15	20
Igbo	30	15	15	120	70	50
Lingala	10	5	5	2,465	1,185	1,285
Rundi (Kirundi)	5	5	5	3,345	1,600	1,745
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	10	5	2,500	1,115	1,380
Shona	15	10	5	85	45	40
Swahili	35	20	20	3,010	1,460	1,545
Wolof	5	5	5	3,230	1,745	1,485
Yoruba	20	15	10	255	155	100
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	80	45	45	8,135	4,235	3,895
Nilo-Saharan languages	35	15	15	345	180	165
Dinka	30	15	10	5	5	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	335	170	165
Sign languages	45	25	20	1,330	700	630
American Sign Language	10	5	5	65	35	30
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	670	330	340
Sign languages, n.i.e	35	20	15	595	340	255
Sino-Tibetan languages	960	445	510	76,840	35,775	41,065
Chinese languages	935	435	495	76,490	35,600	40,895
Cantonese	515	250	270	24,375	11,505	12,875
Hakka	5	5	5	470	215	260
Mandarin	315	140	180	43,700	20,175	23,525
Min Dong	5	5	0	20	10	15
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	20	10	10	3,225	1,480	1,745
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	0	0	1,075	465	605
Chinese, n.o.s.	70	30	40	3,535	1,710	1,825
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	90	40	45
Tibeto-Burman languages	25	15	15	345	175	170
Burmese	5	0	5	80	30	50
Karenic languages	15	10	10	70	40	30
Tibetan	0	0	0	110	65	50
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	85	45	40
Tai-Kadai languages	135	50	85	4,895	2,185	2,710
Lao	50	25	30	4,115	1,995	2,120
Thai	80	25	55	765	180	585
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	10	5	10
Turkic languages	30	15	20	7,980	4,095	3,880
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	290	160	130
Turkish	10	5	5	7,155	3,685	3,470
Uyghur	0	0	5	205	100	105
Uzbek	10	5	5	145	70	75
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	185	80	105
Uralic languages	225	105	120	6,400	2,985	3,410
Estonian	15	5	15	195	75	120
Finnish	60	20	40	360	125	240
Hungarian	150	80	70	5,835	2,790	3,045
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	5
Other languages, n.i.e.	25	20	5	685	385	300
Multiple responses	2,625	1,285	1,340	184,905	92,600	92,310
English and French	420	210	210	72,395	36,695	35,695
English and non-official language	2,120	1,025	1,095	27,485	13,545	13,945
French and non-official language	50	30	15	67,075	33,110	33,970
English, French and non-official language	40	20	20	17,950	9,245	8,705
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	206,260	103,220	103,045	8,066,560	3,977,270	4,089,285
Single responses	201,045	100,700	100,340	7,743,740	3,819,315	3,924,425
Official languages	191,585	95,900	95,685	7,157,850	3,536,165	3,621,685
English	190,905	95,565	95,340	782,185	391,125	391,060
French	685	335	345	6,375,665	3,145,040	3,230,625
Non-official languages	9,460	4,800	4,655	585,890	283,150	302,735
Aboriginal languages	350	155	195	40,190	20,205	19,980
Algonquian languages	345	155	190	28,695	14,385	14,310
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	340	150	190	28,110	14,105	14,005
Atikamekw	0	0	0	5,465	2,825	2,640
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	7,375	3,590	3,790
Moose Cree	0	0	0	5	5	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	590	295	290
Northern East Cree	5	0	5	60	30	30
Plains Cree	5	5	5	5	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	15	5	10
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	5	5	5
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	5	0
Cree, n.o.s.	330	150	185	14,590	7,355	7,235
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	220	115	110
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	220	110	105
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	370	170	200
Algonquin	0	0	0	360	165	195
Ojibway	0	0	0	5	5	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	5	0	0	0	0	5
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	5	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	11,375	5,770	5,615
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	5	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	11,350	5,750	5,600
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	15	10
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	70	35	35
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	70	35	30
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	5	5	5
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Siouan languages	0	5	0	0	0	0
Dakota	5	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	5	5	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	35	10	25
Non-Aboriginal languages	9,110	4,650	4,460	545,695	262,940	282,755
Afro-Asiatic languages	540	290	245	91,660	46,550	45,110
Berber languages	0	0	0	7,495	3,895	3,605
Kabyle	0	0	0	5,105	2,660	2,450
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	2,390	1,235	1,150
Cushitic languages	50	30	25	535	240	295
Bilen	0	0	0	5	0	5
Oromo	15	5	10	5	0	0
Somali	40	20	15	520	230	290
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	5
Semitic languages	485	260	225	83,520	42,365	41,160
Amharic	10	5	10	340	150	185
Arabic	430	235	195	81,105	41,150	39,955
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	95	50	45
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	10	0	5
Harari	0	0	0	5	0	5
Hebrew	0	0	0	1,705	880	825
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	45	20	20	205	95	105
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	60	25	35
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	105	50	55
Austro-Asiatic languages	205	100	105	24,980	11,675	13,305
Khmer (Cambodian)	35	20	20	5,180	2,370	2,805
Vietnamese	170	80	90	19,790	9,295	10,495
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	15	5	10
Austronesian languages	2,655	1,305	1,350	9,715	3,960	5,750
Bikol	5	0	0	15	5	10
Cebuano	45	20	25	230	100	125
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	10	0	5	130	55	75
Ilocano	100	50	55	740	305	435
Malagasy	0	0	0	360	185	170
Malay	0	0	0	175	85	95
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	15	10	5	60	30	30
Pangasinan	0	0	0	10	5	10
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	2,460	1,215	1,250	7,905	3,150	4,760
Waray-Waray	10	5	10	15	10	10
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	75	35	35
Creole languages	25	15	10	20,705	8,780	11,925
Haitian Creole	5	0	5	855	380	475
Creole, n.o.s.	15	10	5	19,405	8,200	11,210
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	440	200	240
Dravidian languages	105	50	55	11,400	5,595	5,805
Kannada	0	0	0	150	85	65
Malayalam	60	35	30	200	100	100
Tamil	30	15	15	10,720	5,215	5,500
Telugu	10	0	5	330	190	135
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	15	5	5
Indo-European languages	4,355	2,265	2,085	303,215	146,100	157,115
Albanian	0	0	0	1,615	795	820
Armenian	25	15	15	11,990	5,680	6,310
Balto-Slavic languages	900	470	430	40,405	19,085	21,325
Baltic languages	10	5	5	190	80	105
Latvian	5	0	0	75	40	40
Lithuanian	5	0	5	115	40	70
Slavic languages	885	465	420	40,220	19,000	21,220
Belarusan	0	0	0	25	15	15
Bosnian	30	15	15	965	475	495
Bulgarian	15	5	10	5,125	2,495	2,630
Croatian	15	10	10	1,015	475	545
Czech	20	5	10	460	220	240
Macedonian	0	0	0	130	65	65
Polish	70	35	30	5,970	2,695	3,270
Russian	270	130	135	20,680	9,775	10,900
Serbian	20	10	10	2,010	1,020	990
Serbo-Croatian	5	0	5	960	470	490
Slovak	5	5	5	245	120	130
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	225	95	135
Ukrainian	425	235	190	2,365	1,060	1,300
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	40	15	25
Celtic languages	5	0	0	30	20	10
Scottish Gaelic	5	0	0	5	5	0
Welsh	0	0	0	10	10	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	15	15	5
Germanic languages	1,110	570	535	9,890	4,980	4,905
Afrikaans	110	50	60	15	10	10
Danish	0	0	0	50	25	25
Dutch	280	155	130	375	170	205
Frisian	15	5	5	0	0	0
German	690	360	335	2,550	1,190	1,365
Icelandic	0	0	0	30	15	20
Norwegian	0	0	0	20	5	10
Swedish	5	0	0	105	50	60
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	5	0	70	35	40
Yiddish	0	0	0	6,665	3,485	3,180
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5
Greek	20	10	10	18,545	8,865	9,680
Indo-Iranian languages	910	470	440	53,555	26,845	26,710
Indo-Aryan languages	660	350	310	31,575	15,985	15,585
Bengali	35	20	15	8,180	4,055	4,125
Gujarati	65	30	30	3,840	1,860	1,985
Hindi	120	70	45	1,535	790	745
Kashmiri	0	0	0	5	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	30	15	15
Marathi	0	0	0	80	40	40
Nepali	15	5	10	1,355	655	700
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	15	10	5
Punjabi (Panjabi)	190	100	90	8,840	4,690	4,155
Sindhi	0	5	0	135	65	75
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	40	20	20	365	185	180
Urdu	195	100	90	7,180	3,620	3,565
Iranian languages	250	120	125	21,745	10,740	11,010
Kurdish	0	0	0	510	280	235
Pashto	40	20	20	925	460	465
Persian (Farsi)	205	100	105	20,310	10,005	10,305
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	5	5	235	120	120
Italic (Romance) languages	1,385	725	665	167,190	79,835	87,355
Catalan	0	0	0	110	50	60
Italian	20	10	10	32,935	14,595	18,340
Portuguese	35	20	15	17,260	8,250	9,005
Romanian	65	30	35	24,520	12,000	12,525
Spanish	1,265	660	605	92,330	44,920	47,415
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	20	15
Japanese	10	5	10	1,050	425	620
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	70	35	35
Georgian	0	0	0	70	40	35
Korean	335	180	155	3,540	1,630	1,910
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	145	70	75
Mongolian	0	0	0	145	70	75
Niger-Congo languages	85	45	45	7,250	3,450	3,800
Akan (Twi)	20	5	10	445	215	235
Bamanankan	0	0	0	265	135	125
Edo	0	0	0	10	5	5
Ewe	5	5	0	140	60	80
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	530	255	280
Ga	0	0	0	15	5	10
Ganda	0	0	0	5	5	5
Igbo	15	10	10	15	10	10
Lingala	0	5	0	625	270	355
Rundi (Kirundi)	5	0	5	1,110	510	600
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	5	0	530	225	305
Shona	0	0	0	20	10	10
Swahili	15	10	5	1,100	535	565
Wolof	5	0	0	1,035	555	480
Yoruba	5	0	0	55	25	25
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	1,350	635	710
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	5	5	135	70	65
Dinka	5	5	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	130	65	65
Sign languages	45	30	20	1,770	1,000	775
American Sign Language	10	5	5	90	35	50
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	700	360	340
Sign languages, n.i.e	40	25	15	985	600	385
Sino-Tibetan languages	590	285	300	60,370	28,925	31,450
Chinese languages	565	275	295	60,155	28,805	31,345
Cantonese	305	145	160	17,845	8,470	9,375
Hakka	0	0	0	155	75	80
Mandarin	205	100	110	37,075	17,870	19,200
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	5	0	1,830	830	1,000
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	780	355	420
Chinese, n.o.s.	45	20	20	2,435	1,190	1,240
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	20	20
Tibeto-Burman languages	25	10	10	215	115	100
Burmese	5	0	0	35	15	20
Karenic languages	20	10	5	65	40	30
Tibetan	0	0	0	70	45	30
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	40	20	20
Tai-Kadai languages	75	30	40	2,375	1,145	1,230
Lao	40	20	20	2,150	1,055	1,100
Thai	40	15	20	225	90	135
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	25	15	10	5,120	2,540	2,575
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	100	50	55
Turkish	10	5	5	4,715	2,340	2,370
Uyghur	0	0	0	140	75	70
Uzbek	15	10	0	105	50	55
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	65	30	35
Uralic languages	50	25	20	2,025	895	1,130
Estonian	0	0	0	30	10	20
Finnish	10	5	5	50	20	30
Hungarian	40	25	15	1,945	860	1,085
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	150	90	60
Multiple responses	5,220	2,515	2,700	322,820	157,960	164,860
English and French	250	115	125	86,715	43,820	42,890
English and non-official language	4,880	2,360	2,525	54,400	26,255	28,140
French and non-official language	15	0	10	139,385	66,610	72,775
English, French and non-official language	70	35	40	42,320	21,270	21,045
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	206,260	103,215	103,045	8,066,555	3,977,275	4,089,285
None	193,100	96,800	96,305	6,825,240	3,356,340	3,468,900
English	4,710	2,410	2,300	513,410	263,670	249,735
French	1,630	755	875	320,370	158,340	162,030
Non-official language	6,625	3,150	3,470	317,790	154,450	163,340
Aboriginal	840	415	420	5,700	2,645	3,060
Non-Aboriginal	5,785	2,735	3,050	312,085	151,810	160,280
English and French	15	10	5	36,235	18,285	17,955
English and non-official language	100	50	50	28,630	14,075	14,555
French and non-official language	80	40	40	23,470	11,365	12,095
English, French and non-official language	5	5	0	1,420	740	680
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	163,655	81,450	82,205	6,634,295	3,260,155	3,374,145
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	156,870	78,135	78,740	6,417,615	3,160,595	3,257,020
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	40,754	54,779	31,047	32,975	37,842	28,522
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	156,910	78,145	78,765	6,419,175	3,160,780	3,258,400
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	36,529	46,918	28,694	29,535	33,110	26,119
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	145,705	74,520	71,185	5,685,690	2,866,470	2,819,220
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	39,886	54,010	29,206	30,067	35,597	25,012
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	93,140	36,580	56,555	4,973,245	2,300,800	2,672,445
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	5,231	6,027	4,931	7,307	5,851	8,246
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	125,545	65,695	59,850	4,627,795	2,408,420	2,219,370
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	39,171	53,202	29,313	31,263	35,627	27,219
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	163,655	81,455	82,205	6,634,280	3,260,040	3,374,245
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	156,945	78,040	78,900	6,417,010	3,159,415	3,257,595
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	59,077	77,372	40,983	42,546	49,087	36,203
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	156,975	78,050	78,920	6,418,440	3,159,550	3,258,890
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	48,135	61,231	35,183	34,887	39,292	30,616
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	145,745	74,445	71,300	5,685,905	2,866,415	2,819,485
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	58,695	77,113	39,463	40,505	47,810	33,079
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	93,675	36,880	56,790	4,972,650	2,299,595	2,673,050
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,662	8,070	7,396	8,590	7,846	9,229
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	125,545	65,640	59,910	4,627,775	2,408,655	2,219,120
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	53,677	69,297	36,564	40,382	45,974	34,313
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	163,655	81,455	82,205	6,634,280	3,260,040	3,374,240
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	54,910	31,695	23,215	2,036,965	1,114,940	922,025
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	58,654	70,239	47,961	47,111	51,622	42,433
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	71,065	83,426	54,190	56,564	62,750	49,085
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	92.1	94.9	86.9	84.4	88.3	79.1
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	72.8	75.5	67.7	68.4	71.4	64.6
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	7.9	5.1	13.1	15.6	11.7	20.9
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	163,655	81,450	82,200	6,634,295	3,260,155	3,374,140
Without total income	6,790	3,320	3,470	216,685	99,555	117,125
With total income	156,870	78,135	78,735	6,417,615	3,160,595	3,257,020
Percentage with total income	95.9	95.9	95.8	96.7	96.9	96.5
Under $10,000 (including loss)	19,715	6,920	12,795	789,595	351,935	437,660
$10,000 to $19,999	20,095	7,225	12,875	1,188,135	476,630	711,500
$20,000 to $29,999	20,170	7,610	12,565	976,210	428,390	547,830
$30,000 to $39,999	17,220	7,085	10,135	852,735	414,105	438,625
$40,000 to $49,999	15,305	7,015	8,295	747,995	378,215	369,780
$50,000 to $59,999	12,910	6,570	6,345	540,265	292,110	248,150
$60,000 to $69,999	10,485	6,035	4,450	375,935	214,805	161,130
$70,000 to $79,999	8,460	5,445	3,010	286,025	164,240	121,790
$80,000 to $89,999	6,720	4,480	2,240	189,350	113,715	75,635
$90,000 to $99,999	5,705	3,760	1,940	122,750	80,090	42,660
$100,000 and over	20,085	15,980	4,100	348,620	246,360	102,255
$100,000 to $149,999	13,070	10,060	3,010	236,515	164,145	72,370
$150,000 and over	7,015	5,925	1,085	112,105	82,215	29,885
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	163,655	81,450	82,205	6,634,295	3,260,150	3,374,140
Without after-tax income	6,745	3,310	3,440	215,120	99,375	115,750
With after-tax income	156,910	78,145	78,765	6,419,175	3,160,780	3,258,395
Percentage with after-tax income	95.9	95.9	95.8	96.8	97.0	96.6
Under $10,000 (including loss)	20,225	7,085	13,135	822,725	359,045	463,675
$10,000 to $19,999	21,050	7,585	13,470	1,246,480	505,165	741,315
$20,000 to $29,999	23,505	8,990	14,515	1,192,885	541,080	651,810
$30,000 to $39,999	20,835	9,070	11,765	1,096,510	553,200	543,315
$40,000 to $49,999	18,090	9,005	9,085	793,150	425,040	368,115
$50,000 to $59,999	14,320	8,235	6,090	498,475	283,130	215,345
$60,000 to $69,999	10,580	6,935	3,645	309,415	180,470	128,945
$70,000 to $79,999	8,010	5,400	2,610	167,895	108,500	59,395
$80,000 and over	20,295	15,850	4,450	291,635	205,155	86,485
$80,000 to $89,999	5,950	4,175	1,775	95,010	64,670	30,335
$90,000 to $99,999	3,900	3,030	870	55,980	39,080	16,905
$100,000 and over	10,445	8,640	1,805	140,645	101,405	39,240
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	163,660	81,450	82,205	6,634,295	3,260,155	3,374,145
Without employment income	38,110	15,755	22,355	2,006,505	851,730	1,154,775
With employment income	125,545	65,695	59,850	4,627,790	2,408,420	2,219,375
Percentage with employment income	76.7	80.7	72.8	69.8	73.9	65.8
Under $5,000 (including loss)	14,880	6,355	8,525	606,300	311,780	294,520
$5,000 to $9,999	8,905	3,585	5,320	367,030	162,150	204,885
$10,000 to $19,999	14,575	5,705	8,870	681,920	305,995	375,920
$20,000 to $29,999	12,665	4,970	7,695	586,140	269,950	316,195
$30,000 to $39,999	12,735	5,275	7,460	565,425	277,135	288,285
$40,000 to $49,999	11,480	5,355	6,125	476,665	247,105	229,560
$50,000 to $59,999	9,805	5,025	4,780	359,180	203,580	155,600
$60,000 to $69,999	8,015	4,820	3,195	266,650	156,255	110,395
$70,000 to $79,999	6,610	4,405	2,200	224,040	129,890	94,150
$80,000 and over	25,885	20,200	5,680	494,440	344,585	149,855
$80,000 to $89,999	5,425	3,765	1,655	139,830	90,295	49,540
$90,000 to $99,999	4,775	3,225	1,545	93,860	64,160	29,700
$100,000 and over	15,680	13,200	2,475	260,745	190,125	70,620
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	80,650	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	87,260	...	...	59,822	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	75,297	...	...	52,207	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	19,420	...	...	1,175,230	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	42,521	...	...	31,574	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	37,528	...	...	28,469	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	61,235	...	...	2,356,430	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	104,080	...	...	78,645	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	88,940	...	...	67,665	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	80,650	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	114,966	...	...	77,306	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	93,688	...	...	63,404	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	19,445	...	...	1,174,695	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	60,296	...	...	40,042	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	49,291	...	...	33,262	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	61,205	...	...	2,356,970	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	132,337	...	...	95,878	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	107,795	...	...	78,426	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	80,650	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
Under $5,000	1,075	...	...	47,170	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	745	...	...	56,315	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	910	...	...	119,570	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	2,040	...	...	180,865	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	3,160	...	...	179,690	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,330	...	...	154,150	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,530	...	...	185,000	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,805	...	...	184,435	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,745	...	...	179,855	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,645	...	...	170,445	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	5,490	...	...	313,600	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	5,205	...	...	273,620	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	5,095	...	...	241,940	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	4,860	...	...	208,620	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	4,565	...	...	176,355	...	...
$100,000 and over	34,460	...	...	860,030	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	9,940	...	...	327,435	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	7,600	...	...	204,105	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	9,090	...	...	192,155	...	...
$200,000 and over	7,825	...	...	136,335	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	80,645	...	...	3,531,660	...	...
Under $5,000	1,170	...	...	50,445	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	760	...	...	57,335	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	950	...	...	120,860	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	2,140	...	...	190,300	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	3,410	...	...	202,905	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,675	...	...	187,365	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,915	...	...	231,765	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	3,285	...	...	225,695	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	3,435	...	...	211,990	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	3,250	...	...	202,760	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	6,645	...	...	363,775	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	6,375	...	...	309,825	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	6,240	...	...	256,150	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	5,860	...	...	208,765	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	5,170	...	...	166,295	...	...
$100,000 and over	26,365	...	...	545,440	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	10,285	...	...	269,170	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	6,480	...	...	130,225	...	...
$150,000 and over	9,600	...	...	146,045	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	57,815	...	...	2,261,890	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	102,559	...	...	79,378	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	87,588	...	...	68,152	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	23,160	...	...	930,195	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	94,756	...	...	70,075	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	81,296	...	...	60,224	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	24,790	...	...	911,980	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	126,824	...	...	105,246	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	106,442	...	...	88,844	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	4.1	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	8,230	...	...	364,085	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	55,176	...	...	52,708	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	51,194	...	...	47,805	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	57,835	...	...	2,262,045	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	131,631	...	...	96,863	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	106,983	...	...	79,060	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	23,175	...	...	929,645	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	127,478	...	...	86,304	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	102,114	...	...	70,167	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	24,805	...	...	912,560	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	155,963	...	...	122,835	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	126,789	...	...	99,279	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	8,250	...	...	363,610	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	74,075	...	...	61,753	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	63,618	...	...	53,052	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	30,765	16,300	14,470	1,433,210	711,180	722,030
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	39,283	46,065	33,629	29,195	31,526	27,210
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	34,992	39,767	30,766	26,706	28,214	25,434
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	30,645	16,060	14,590	1,430,625	708,225	722,405
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	54,146	64,440	42,815	37,684	39,840	35,571
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	44,663	51,832	36,772	31,513	32,729	30,321
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	204,545	102,505	102,040	7,965,455	3,941,475	4,023,970
In the bottom half of the distribution	85,335	40,710	44,615	4,577,885	2,216,770	2,361,115
In the bottom decile	15,775	7,545	8,235	747,785	368,385	379,395
In the second decile	15,435	6,955	8,485	898,605	408,705	489,900
In the third decile	16,920	7,980	8,940	997,185	481,975	515,210
In the fourth decile	17,825	8,615	9,215	996,230	490,275	505,960
In the fifth decile	19,370	9,620	9,745	938,080	467,425	470,655
In the top half of the distribution	119,215	61,795	57,420	3,387,565	1,724,710	1,662,855
In the sixth decile	20,330	10,250	10,080	881,640	444,865	436,775
In the seventh decile	21,375	10,935	10,445	806,685	409,470	397,220
In the eighth decile	23,420	12,145	11,280	700,450	357,000	343,455
In the ninth decile	25,485	13,225	12,260	557,160	286,195	270,960
In the top decile	28,600	15,245	13,360	441,630	227,185	214,445
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	200,525	100,435	100,090	7,921,505	3,919,560	4,001,945
0 to 17 years	46,920	24,125	22,790	1,564,410	800,455	763,960
0 to 5 years	16,015	8,280	7,735	532,410	272,790	259,625
18 to 64 years	129,535	64,820	64,720	5,021,875	2,498,900	2,522,980
65 years and over	24,070	11,490	12,580	1,335,220	620,210	715,010
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	18,965	8,730	10,235	1,160,190	542,405	617,785
0 to 17 years	6,055	3,170	2,885	222,955	114,410	108,540
0 to 5 years	2,140	1,125	1,015	75,270	38,595	36,670
18 to 64 years	10,840	4,810	6,035	688,130	334,825	353,305
65 years and over	2,065	750	1,310	249,110	93,170	155,930
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	9.5	8.7	10.2	14.6	13.8	15.4
0 to 17 years (%)	12.9	13.1	12.7	14.3	14.3	14.2
0 to 5 years (%)	13.4	13.6	13.1	14.1	14.1	14.1
18 to 64 years (%)	8.4	7.4	9.3	13.7	13.4	14.0
65 years and over (%)	8.6	6.5	10.4	18.7	15.0	21.8
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	10,265	4,905	5,360	731,340	358,085	373,260
0 to 17 years	3,180	1,680	1,500	129,325	66,400	62,925
0 to 5 years	1,130	590	540	44,375	22,705	21,675
18 to 64 years	6,710	3,060	3,655	514,540	261,485	253,060
65 years and over	375	165	205	87,475	30,205	57,270
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	5.1	4.9	5.4	9.2	9.1	9.3
0 to 17 years (%)	6.8	7.0	6.6	8.3	8.3	8.2
0 to 5 years (%)	7.1	7.1	7.0	8.3	8.3	8.3
18 to 64 years (%)	5.2	4.7	5.6	10.2	10.5	10.0
65 years and over (%)	1.6	1.4	1.6	6.6	4.9	8.0
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	204,550	102,505	102,040	7,965,450	3,941,440	4,024,015
Official languages	203,560	102,070	101,490	7,891,110	3,911,220	3,979,890
English	203,460	102,030	101,430	3,930,690	2,058,470	1,872,225
French	9,550	4,270	5,270	7,522,350	3,725,145	3,797,200
Non-official languages	26,420	12,885	13,540	1,610,980	776,265	834,720
Aboriginal languages	1,630	785	850	50,890	25,190	25,700
Algonquian languages	1,580	765	820	37,515	18,545	18,965
Blackfoot	20	10	10	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	1,535	740	795	34,415	17,050	17,370
Atikamekw	0	0	0	6,640	3,335	3,305
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	9,850	4,735	5,115
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	10	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	775	385	385
Northern East Cree	0	0	10	260	130	130
Plains Cree	95	35	65	10	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	35	25	10
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	15	0	10
Woods Cree	10	0	10	10	10	0
Cree, n.o.s.	1,430	705	725	17,175	8,600	8,575
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	885	460	420
Malecite	0	0	0	10	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	880	460	425
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	35	20	10	2,340	1,105	1,235
Algonquin	0	0	0	2,240	1,055	1,185
Ojibway	30	20	10	105	50	50
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	10	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	20	10
Athabaskan languages	30	20	15	20	10	10
Northern Athabaskan languages	25	15	10	20	15	10
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	15	10	10	10	0	10
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	10
Gwich'in	10	0	10	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	10	10	0	10	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	10	10	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	10	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	12,595	6,270	6,330
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	12,485	6,210	6,270
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	115	60	60
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	740	360	375
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	690	350	335
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	50	15	35
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	30	15	10
Salish languages	10	0	10	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	10	0	10	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	10	0	10	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	25	15	10	0	0	0
Dakota	20	10	0	10	0	0
Stoney	10	10	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	10
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	90	40	55
Non-Aboriginal languages	24,805	12,105	12,705	1,560,375	751,215	809,160
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,005	540	470	301,035	157,545	143,490
Berber languages	20	15	10	27,595	14,650	12,945
Kabyle	0	0	0	16,170	8,580	7,590
Berber languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	11,580	6,150	5,425
Cushitic languages	110	50	60	1,550	745	805
Bilen	0	0	0	35	20	10
Oromo	0	0	10	45	30	10
Somali	105	50	55	1,460	680	780
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Semitic languages	885	480	400	286,625	149,970	136,660
Amharic	30	10	20	1,145	540	600
Arabic	805	445	365	267,965	140,280	127,685
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	195	95	95
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	10	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	30	25	10	18,035	9,490	8,540
Maltese	0	0	0	40	10	25
Tigrigna	60	35	25	420	195	225
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	180	85	95
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	810	430	380
Austro-Asiatic languages	365	150	215	46,050	21,955	24,095
Khmer (Cambodian)	150	50	100	11,840	5,620	6,220
Vietnamese	225	105	120	34,580	16,520	18,060
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	25	15
Austronesian languages	7,125	3,270	3,855	31,230	11,820	19,410
Bikol	15	10	15	105	45	60
Cebuano	215	75	140	1,105	360	750
Fijian	0	0	0	15	0	10
Hiligaynon	10	10	0	540	195	350
Ilocano	380	145	230	2,500	890	1,610
Malagasy	0	0	0	1,980	940	1,040
Malay	75	55	25	1,210	525	690
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	100	45	55	195	95	100
Pangasinan	20	10	10	60	20	40
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	6,895	3,150	3,745	26,705	9,785	16,915
Waray-Waray	15	10	10	55	10	45
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	25	10	20	540	270	275
Creole languages	75	35	35	115,445	51,970	63,475
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	4,910	2,285	2,620
Creole, n.o.s.	50	25	30	108,315	48,615	59,705
Creole languages, n.i.e.	25	15	0	2,835	1,390	1,445
Dravidian languages	240	130	110	18,710	9,495	9,210
Kannada	20	10	10	415	210	205
Malayalam	100	60	50	510	285	220
Tamil	115	60	55	17,245	8,680	8,565
Telugu	40	25	20	930	540	390
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	35	15	25
Indo-European languages	13,105	6,570	6,535	912,945	435,785	477,155
Albanian	0	0	0	3,375	1,730	1,645
Armenian	10	10	0	20,290	9,790	10,500
Balto-Slavic languages	2,275	1,120	1,155	88,425	41,725	46,700
Baltic languages	40	20	20	1,080	500	585
Latvian	25	15	10	335	150	185
Lithuanian	10	0	10	755	350	410
Slavic languages	2,240	1,105	1,135	87,520	41,315	46,205
Belarusan	10	10	0	365	150	215
Bosnian	75	30	40	1,975	990	985
Bulgarian	15	15	0	7,345	3,595	3,750
Croatian	150	60	90	3,580	1,760	1,820
Czech	45	20	25	2,070	975	1,095
Macedonian	0	0	0	285	140	145
Polish	305	135	170	17,760	8,090	9,665
Russian	945	505	445	46,665	22,265	24,400
Serbian	125	55	75	4,050	1,980	2,070
Serbo-Croatian	25	10	20	2,385	1,140	1,245
Slovak	25	10	20	1,520	705	820
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	970	490	480
Ukrainian	960	515	450	9,015	3,885	5,135
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	150	75	75
Celtic languages	35	25	15	495	305	195
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	155	95	65
Welsh	30	15	10	85	45	40
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	265	175	95
Germanic languages	4,790	2,430	2,355	63,370	31,835	31,530
Afrikaans	375	180	195	415	260	150
Danish	185	80	110	835	410	420
Dutch	1,700	875	825	5,060	2,665	2,395
Frisian	65	45	15	15	10	0
German	2,515	1,320	1,195	43,475	21,950	21,530
Icelandic	0	0	0	140	80	60
Norwegian	35	10	30	510	255	255
Swedish	65	30	45	1,580	785	795
Vlaams (Flemish)	30	15	20	760	265	495
Yiddish	10	0	0	12,375	6,225	6,155
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	10	270	125	140
Greek	110	55	55	51,060	25,520	25,540
Indo-Iranian languages	1,780	970	810	93,655	48,040	45,615
Indo-Aryan languages	1,380	755	625	59,570	30,870	28,700
Bengali	110	55	55	12,870	6,610	6,260
Gujarati	95	50	50	7,950	3,860	4,090
Hindi	555	315	245	15,570	8,285	7,280
Kashmiri	0	10	0	45	35	15
Konkani	10	10	10	150	70	75
Marathi	15	10	10	475	240	230
Nepali	15	10	10	1,445	725	720
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	55	35	20
Punjabi (Panjabi)	455	250	210	17,860	9,690	8,165
Sindhi	20	15	0	500	240	255
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	125	70	55	1,335	625	710
Urdu	325	185	135	16,545	8,655	7,890
Iranian languages	405	225	185	35,420	17,830	17,585
Kurdish	0	0	0	1,255	665	590
Pashto	65	30	35	1,825	1,005	825
Persian (Farsi)	360	195	160	32,965	16,560	16,405
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	845	425	420
Italic (Romance) languages	4,430	2,135	2,295	627,545	293,620	333,920
Catalan	0	0	0	890	525	365
Italian	280	140	140	173,710	84,430	89,275
Portuguese	185	80	110	55,100	27,620	27,475
Romanian	240	125	115	42,655	20,550	22,110
Spanish	3,820	1,850	1,975	390,355	177,610	212,745
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	0	15	490	345	145
Japanese	200	100	100	7,040	3,340	3,695
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	220	110	110
Georgian	0	0	0	215	105	110
Korean	450	225	225	6,260	2,825	3,430
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	270	135	130
Mongolian	0	0	0	265	135	130
Niger-Congo languages	545	270	275	52,840	26,665	26,175
Akan (Twi)	110	40	65	1,800	945	855
Bamanankan	0	0	0	2,385	1,240	1,145
Edo	0	0	0	190	95	95
Ewe	0	0	0	1,410	865	545
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	3,400	1,785	1,620
Ga	20	10	10	315	155	160
Ganda	0	0	10	90	40	55
Igbo	145	70	75	275	190	90
Lingala	15	10	10	9,630	4,430	5,200
Rundi (Kirundi)	10	10	0	4,490	2,210	2,285
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	10	0	3,535	1,640	1,895
Shona	15	10	0	150	75	80
Swahili	100	60	45	8,015	4,080	3,935
Wolof	0	0	0	6,555	3,545	3,015
Yoruba	65	30	35	885	485	395
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	125	70	55	17,720	9,125	8,595
Nilo-Saharan languages	65	35	25	695	345	350
Dinka	65	35	30	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	695	345	350
Sign languages	320	145	175	7,775	3,095	4,675
American Sign Language	135	60	80	675	245	435
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	4,405	1,590	2,815
Sign languages, n.i.e.	185	85	100	2,960	1,350	1,605
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,205	580	620	90,460	42,695	47,770
Chinese languages	1,165	565	600	90,060	42,480	47,580
Cantonese	710	345	365	31,885	14,900	16,980
Hakka	15	15	0	545	240	310
Mandarin	475	210	265	59,240	27,560	31,685
Min Dong	0	0	0	15	10	10
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	0	10	4,215	1,860	2,350
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	1,230	535	690
Chinese, n.o.s.	70	40	30	4,800	2,380	2,425
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	90	40	55
Tibeto-Burman languages	35	20	15	430	235	195
Burmese	10	0	0	140	75	60
Karenic languages	25	15	10	105	55	45
Tibetan	0	0	0	65	50	10
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	140	65	80
Tai-Kadai languages	185	75	110	7,280	3,400	3,880
Lao	65	30	30	5,785	2,850	2,935
Thai	120	40	80	2,255	875	1,375
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	10
Turkic languages	25	10	10	12,475	6,265	6,210
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	510	275	235
Turkish	0	0	0	11,415	5,755	5,665
Uyghur	0	0	0	230	110	120
Uzbek	20	10	10	230	105	125
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	235	115	120
Uralic languages	245	125	120	7,870	3,710	4,160
Estonian	25	0	15	150	55	95
Finnish	60	30	35	500	195	305
Hungarian	165	95	70	7,215	3,450	3,765
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	95	55	40	2,140	1,170	970
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	204,550	102,510	102,040	7,965,450	3,941,440	4,024,015
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	192,950	96,860	96,085	7,585,545	3,753,190	3,832,350
Canadian citizens aged under 18	46,510	23,965	22,550	1,521,230	779,620	741,610
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	146,440	72,900	73,540	6,064,310	2,973,575	3,090,740
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	11,595	5,645	5,950	379,910	188,245	191,665
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	204,545	102,510	102,040	7,965,450	3,941,440	4,024,015
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	180,735	90,895	89,845	6,788,085	3,365,345	3,422,735
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	21,800	10,615	11,180	1,091,310	530,325	560,980
Before 1981	4,485	2,140	2,345	238,655	117,080	121,575
1981 to 1990	1,825	885	940	127,340	63,150	64,190
1991 to 2000	2,730	1,310	1,415	187,860	89,210	98,650
2001 to 2010	6,155	2,995	3,160	322,280	155,785	166,495
2001 to 2005	2,200	1,100	1,105	140,170	67,835	72,335
2006 to 2010	3,955	1,900	2,060	182,115	87,945	94,165
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	6,600	3,285	3,315	215,170	105,105	110,065
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	2,010	995	1,015	86,065	45,765	40,295
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	21,800	10,620	11,185	1,091,305	530,325	560,980
Under 5 years	2,130	1,040	1,090	112,930	54,600	58,330
5 to 14 years	4,580	2,435	2,145	174,020	87,165	86,855
15 to 24 years	4,140	1,965	2,175	215,350	98,880	116,475
25 to 44 years	9,450	4,425	5,025	515,770	256,095	259,675
45 years and over	1,505	750	755	73,230	33,590	39,640
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	21,800	10,620	11,185	1,091,305	530,330	560,980
Americas	3,525	1,595	1,930	247,505	113,190	134,315
Brazil	40	10	30	7,345	3,515	3,830
Colombia	360	170	190	25,580	11,645	13,935
El Salvador	655	345	300	11,120	5,500	5,615
Guyana	65	30	40	2,490	1,085	1,410
Haiti	65	25	40	80,965	35,375	45,585
Jamaica	60	30	30	4,665	2,040	2,625
Mexico	210	90	120	15,820	7,090	8,730
Peru	45	15	25	13,265	5,945	7,325
Trinidad and Tobago	60	15	40	4,075	1,840	2,240
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	1,375	540	840	25,955	12,800	13,155
Other places of birth in Americas	590	330	260	56,235	26,370	29,870
Europe	6,875	3,425	3,450	311,090	154,910	156,185
Bosnia and Herzegovina	100	30	70	3,785	1,890	1,895
Croatia	65	25	35	2,140	1,085	1,050
France	45	20	25	81,225	43,490	37,735
Germany	710	345	365	9,750	4,365	5,390
Greece	75	40	35	18,420	9,135	9,285
Hungary	75	40	35	3,325	1,620	1,700
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	85	60	25	820	485	330
Italy	85	35	50	51,025	25,370	25,655
Netherlands	1,380	735	650	1,990	1,035	955
Poland	210	105	105	10,735	4,675	6,060
Portugal	55	35	25	18,985	9,185	9,800
Romania	215	120	95	28,695	13,695	15,005
Russian Federation	230	95	135	11,355	4,975	6,375
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	30	25	10	1,790	830	960
Ukraine	470	270	200	8,670	3,800	4,870
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	2,305	1,085	1,220	12,905	6,645	6,260
Other places of birth in Europe	740	360	385	45,500	22,630	22,870
Africa	1,515	825	690	241,410	125,250	116,165
Algeria	30	15	15	59,465	31,180	28,280
Egypt	75	50	30	19,490	10,290	9,200
Ethiopia	40	20	20	995	495	495
Kenya	35	20	15	785	355	430
Morocco	20	15	0	60,700	31,435	29,270
Nigeria	210	115	100	1,340	740	600
Somalia	70	40	25	580	270	310
South Africa, Republic of	370	185	190	865	475	385
Other places of birth in Africa	675	375	305	97,200	50,005	47,190
Asia	9,645	4,655	4,990	289,825	136,175	153,655
Afghanistan	180	105	75	7,280	3,640	3,640
Bangladesh	65	35	25	7,940	3,990	3,950
China^{Census data footnote 59}	520	245	275	49,555	19,905	29,655
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	150	75	70	4,730	2,290	2,435
India	700	405	295	17,865	9,195	8,670
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	75	35	35	17,760	8,880	8,885
Iraq	20	10	10	3,735	1,960	1,775
Japan	35	0	40	1,725	395	1,330
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	315	160	155	4,230	1,995	2,230
Lebanon	85	40	40	39,135	20,800	18,340
Pakistan	280	160	125	10,010	5,260	4,750
Philippines	5,995	2,785	3,205	24,410	9,040	15,370
Sri Lanka	120	75	50	10,715	5,335	5,380
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	190	90	100	17,775	8,800	8,980
Taiwan	0	0	10	2,735	1,100	1,635
Viet Nam	275	135	145	25,440	11,765	13,675
Other places of birth in Asia	645	300	345	44,795	21,840	22,950
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	240	120	125	1,480	805	670
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	6,605	3,285	3,315	215,170	105,105	110,065
Americas	600	285	320	47,710	22,625	25,085
Brazil	15	10	10	3,010	1,495	1,520
Colombia	60	25	30	7,540	3,465	4,075
Cuba	0	10	0	2,565	1,260	1,315
Haiti	20	10	10	16,880	7,690	9,190
Jamaica	10	0	10	190	140	55
Mexico	100	45	55	4,210	1,955	2,255
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	140	65	75	3,990	2,265	1,720
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	10	0	0	1,955	935	1,020
Other places of birth in Americas	250	135	120	7,365	3,425	3,935
Europe	840	490	350	39,320	20,085	19,235
France	0	0	10	20,030	10,855	9,175
Germany	35	20	15	580	250	330
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	25	20	10	135	105	35
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	25	10	15	3,750	1,695	2,055
Romania	55	25	30	2,945	1,260	1,685
Russian Federation	35	10	20	1,970	865	1,105
Ukraine	355	210	150	2,460	1,110	1,350
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	175	115	60	860	565	290
Other places of birth in Europe	135	80	55	6,590	3,385	3,205
Africa	425	205	220	74,200	37,110	37,090
Algeria	0	0	0	16,380	8,060	8,320
Cameroon	55	25	30	7,550	3,705	3,845
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	3,370	1,655	1,715
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	5,070	2,505	2,565
Egypt	25	25	0	4,360	2,260	2,095
Eritrea	15	10	10	50	30	20
Ethiopia	20	10	15	125	65	60
Morocco	0	0	0	13,475	6,675	6,805
Nigeria	115	60	55	540	280	260
Somalia	10	10	10	95	40	50
South Africa, Republic of	75	35	40	175	115	60
Tunisia	0	0	0	5,855	3,025	2,825
Other places of birth in Africa	95	40	50	17,155	8,690	8,470
Asia	4,690	2,265	2,420	53,595	25,070	28,525
Afghanistan	70	25	45	1,555	715	840
Bangladesh	10	0	10	860	455	405
China^{Census data footnote 59}	85	25	60	10,705	4,805	5,895
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	10	0	0	120	35	80
India	290	180	105	2,960	1,555	1,405
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	10	0	10	7,505	3,545	3,960
Iraq	0	0	0	985	465	515
Israel	0	0	0	645	390	255
Japan	0	0	0	330	30	295
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	85	45	35	825	370	455
Lebanon	10	0	10	3,955	2,100	1,860
Nepal	15	10	10	360	165	195
Pakistan	45	25	25	1,815	920	895
Philippines	3,625	1,740	1,885	5,635	2,345	3,290
Saudi Arabia	15	0	15	435	210	225
Sri Lanka	50	25	30	860	380	480
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	180	85	95	7,455	3,740	3,715
Taiwan	0	0	0	170	60	105
Turkey	0	0	0	585	300	285
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	300	160	145
Viet Nam	20	10	10	1,505	560	945
Other places of birth in Asia	180	95	85	4,025	1,765	2,265
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	45	35	10	345	215	135
Australia	0	10	0	190	120	70
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	35	25	10	155	95	65
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	204,545	102,505	102,040	7,965,450	3,941,440	4,024,015
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	24,730	12,065	12,670	1,204,895	590,175	614,720
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	29,585	14,545	15,030	792,085	399,535	392,550
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	150,235	75,895	74,340	5,968,475	2,951,730	3,016,745
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	17,550	8,580	8,975	867,685	420,465	447,220
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	11,240	5,685	5,555	469,015	243,915	225,100
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	4,340	2,670	1,675	224,720	137,975	86,745
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	6,900	3,015	3,885	244,300	105,945	138,360
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	4,115	1,690	2,420	241,225	96,130	145,095
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	2,060	1,130	925	146,295	75,100	71,195
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	140	75	65	11,150	5,320	5,825
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	204,550	102,505	102,040	7,965,450	3,941,440	4,024,010
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	14,695	7,215	7,485	182,885	91,890	90,995
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	14,435	7,080	7,355	175,960	88,635	87,325
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	8,130	4,035	4,095	92,655	45,510	47,145
Métis	6,185	2,970	3,220	69,365	36,260	33,100
Inuk (Inuit)	125	70	50	13,940	6,865	7,075
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	150	95	55	2,760	1,330	1,430
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	110	35	70	4,170	1,930	2,245
Non-Aboriginal identity	189,855	95,295	94,560	7,782,560	3,849,550	3,933,015
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	204,550	102,510	102,040	7,965,455	3,941,440	4,024,015
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	7,165	3,505	3,665	77,490	38,580	38,915
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	197,380	99,010	98,375	7,887,960	3,902,860	3,985,100
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	204,550	102,510	102,040	7,965,455	3,941,440	4,024,015
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	5,995	3,065	2,925	118,780	58,535	60,245
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	5,915	3,025	2,890	115,480	56,930	58,550
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	5,130	2,630	2,500	87,700	42,730	44,965
Métis single ancestry	755	380	375	17,585	9,225	8,360
Inuit single ancestry	35	20	15	10,200	4,980	5,220
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	75	40	35	3,300	1,605	1,700
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	70	35	35	2,220	1,115	1,105
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	995	455	540
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	10	0	65	25	40
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	20	10	15
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	12,450	5,920	6,530	240,650	113,905	126,740
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	11,995	5,705	6,295	235,365	111,205	124,165
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	6,680	3,090	3,590	193,625	90,650	102,975
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	5,200	2,550	2,650	37,080	18,320	18,760
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	120	60	60	4,660	2,230	2,425
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	460	220	235	5,280	2,700	2,575
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	420	200	215	4,040	2,105	1,940
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	20	10	10	990	475	515
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	20	10	10	225	110	115
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	25	15	10
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	186,100	93,515	92,585	7,606,025	3,769,000	3,837,030
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	204,545	102,505	102,040	7,965,450	3,941,440	4,024,015
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	19,165	9,340	9,830	1,032,365	505,180	527,185
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	2,080	1,120	960	90,335	46,750	43,585
Chinese	1,680	825	855	99,505	44,370	55,135
Black	2,455	1,205	1,250	319,230	154,110	165,120
Filipino	7,800	3,635	4,160	34,910	14,275	20,635
Latin American	2,075	1,075	1,000	133,920	64,655	69,260
Arab	510	265	240	213,740	113,420	100,320
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	800	340	455	62,820	29,960	32,865
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	445	230	215	32,405	16,200	16,210
Korean	470	235	235	8,055	3,865	4,190
Japanese	270	130	140	4,570	1,755	2,820
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	130	75	65	9,840	4,670	5,175
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	460	200	255	23,045	11,160	11,885
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	185,380	93,170	92,210	6,933,085	3,436,260	3,496,830
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	204,545	102,510	102,040	7,965,455	3,941,435	4,024,010
North American Aboriginal origins	18,445	8,990	9,460	359,430	172,440	186,985
First Nations (North American Indian)	12,315	5,970	6,350	289,610	137,550	152,065
Inuit	190	100	90	17,175	8,300	8,880
Métis	6,465	3,180	3,285	61,260	30,915	30,345
Other North American origins	60,605	30,890	29,715	4,850,145	2,390,545	2,459,605
Acadian	185	100	85	34,785	16,440	18,345
American	4,425	2,140	2,280	45,050	21,470	23,580
Canadian	57,530	29,355	28,175	4,647,840	2,288,280	2,359,555
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	750	370	380
Newfoundlander	130	65	65	570	280	295
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	365	155	215
Ontarian	15	0	15	1,345	660	685
Québécois	40	15	25	184,005	93,895	90,110
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	0	0	0	205	110	100
European origins	151,275	75,120	76,155	3,037,890	1,511,060	1,526,825
British Isles origins	99,340	48,580	50,760	745,715	360,135	385,575
Channel Islander	0	0	0	1,440	725	720
Cornish	0	0	10	70	35	40
English	57,640	27,775	29,860	228,520	111,855	116,670
Irish	35,840	16,915	18,920	446,215	211,545	234,665
Manx	35	15	25	200	105	95
Scottish	44,630	21,945	22,680	215,030	103,395	111,635
Welsh	5,435	2,560	2,885	10,765	5,075	5,690
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	4,505	2,085	2,415	32,525	15,440	17,080
French origins	21,840	10,620	11,220	1,878,795	941,770	937,025
Alsatian	0	0	0	1,050	520	525
Breton	0	0	0	11,140	5,410	5,725
Corsican	0	0	0	1,270	690	580
French	21,835	10,620	11,220	1,870,545	937,665	932,875
Western European origins (except French origins)	59,410	29,065	30,340	244,380	119,115	125,260
Austrian	1,660	850	810	12,710	6,285	6,430
Bavarian	0	0	0	40	30	20
Belgian	1,135	565	570	51,340	25,295	26,050
Dutch	14,200	7,085	7,110	26,000	12,805	13,190
Flemish	185	95	95	1,345	660	685
Frisian	30	20	10	15	20	0
German	45,715	22,180	23,535	142,225	68,250	73,975
Luxembourger	10	0	10	910	445	460
Swiss	1,710	765	945	24,500	12,615	11,885
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	90	35	55	125	80	50
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	25,175	11,925	13,250	25,460	12,490	12,975
Danish	4,985	2,395	2,590	5,700	2,815	2,885
Finnish	1,475	755	720	3,130	1,430	1,700
Icelandic	1,700	835	860	955	480	470
Norwegian	12,170	5,570	6,600	7,820	3,835	3,985
Swedish	7,095	3,395	3,700	6,840	3,275	3,565
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	1,005	515	485	2,500	1,265	1,230
Eastern European origins	33,355	16,375	16,985	249,940	121,660	128,285
Bulgarian	70	45	30	9,570	4,675	4,895
Byelorussian	75	40	30	2,530	1,235	1,295
Czech	955	450	505	6,295	2,965	3,330
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	705	320	380	2,150	1,100	1,050
Estonian	270	135	135	890	460	435
Hungarian	3,245	1,570	1,675	28,280	13,970	14,310
Latvian	155	75	80	1,740	835	905
Lithuanian	170	80	90	6,630	3,320	3,305
Moldovan	55	20	40	7,620	3,710	3,900
Polish	8,025	3,875	4,150	79,040	38,705	40,335
Romanian	1,580	785	795	53,060	25,935	27,125
Russian	6,080	2,975	3,105	55,230	26,405	28,830
Slovak	260	115	145	4,770	2,375	2,395
Ukrainian	17,080	8,485	8,595	42,550	20,575	21,975
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	75	45	30	2,900	1,505	1,400
Southern European origins	7,600	3,620	3,980	549,750	273,670	276,080
Albanian	15	15	10	3,760	1,950	1,805
Bosnian	85	30	60	2,970	1,485	1,490
Catalan	0	0	0	735	395	340
Croatian	340	145	190	6,745	3,375	3,370
Cypriot	0	10	0	480	240	245
Greek	525	280	245	71,330	36,235	35,090
Italian	3,930	1,875	2,055	326,700	162,650	164,045
Kosovar	0	0	0	505	295	210
Macedonian	10	0	10	775	400	370
Maltese	75	40	35	1,220	615	610
Montenegrin	0	0	0	450	250	200
Portuguese	555	240	310	69,805	34,825	34,980
Serbian	160	75	85	5,950	2,915	3,040
Sicilian	20	15	0	1,435	710	725
Slovenian	70	30	45	2,510	1,225	1,280
Spanish	1,870	895	970	85,360	41,745	43,615
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	215	100	115	3,270	1,595	1,670
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	0	0	0	300	155	145
Other European origins	1,075	640	435	38,670	19,875	18,800
Basque	15	20	0	3,620	1,930	1,690
Jewish	265	125	135	25,235	12,955	12,280
Roma (Gypsy)	55	20	35	475	270	205
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	40	15	25	360	180	185
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	695	465	235	9,215	4,690	4,530
Caribbean origins	835	415	415	201,625	93,935	107,690
Antiguan	0	0	0	380	170	205
Bahamian	0	0	0	430	205	225
Barbadian	90	60	40	5,570	2,585	2,985
Bermudan	0	0	0	115	50	65
Carib	0	0	0	405	150	255
Cuban	50	30	25	9,830	4,800	5,035
Dominican	60	35	25	11,560	5,320	6,235
Grenadian	0	0	0	1,965	790	1,175
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	1,010	475	535
Haitian	125	70	55	143,165	66,245	76,925
Jamaican	330	130	195	14,100	6,785	7,315
Kittitian/Nevisian	0	0	0	360	200	160
Martinican	0	0	0	1,775	820	950
Montserratan	0	0	0	240	140	105
Puerto Rican	20	10	10	530	270	255
St. Lucian	30	15	15	860	450	405
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	85	55	30	6,585	2,925	3,660
Vincentian/Grenadinian	0	0	0	4,020	1,695	2,325
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	30	0	25	5,635	2,610	3,025
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	50	30	20	4,195	1,995	2,205
Latin, Central and South American origins	2,650	1,325	1,325	167,275	81,215	86,065
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	80	50	35	6,100	2,885	3,210
Arawak	0	0	0	180	60	120
Argentinian	45	10	35	4,950	2,490	2,460
Belizean	10	0	10	80	40	40
Bolivian	15	10	0	1,730	815	915
Brazilian	55	10	45	8,345	4,075	4,275
Chilean	145	75	65	14,060	7,055	7,005
Colombian	490	235	255	33,965	15,915	18,050
Costa Rican	30	15	15	1,180	570	610
Ecuadorian	15	10	0	2,720	1,255	1,470
Guatemalan	110	70	40	10,175	5,380	4,795
Guyanese	70	30	40	3,670	1,810	1,860
Hispanic	90	50	40	1,155	570	585
Honduran	55	20	35	4,335	2,135	2,200
Maya	20	10	10	1,670	935	735
Mexican	595	260	340	26,930	13,185	13,745
Nicaraguan	60	40	20	2,805	1,360	1,445
Panamanian	0	0	0	1,460	755	710
Paraguayan	15	10	10	365	155	205
Peruvian	55	30	25	19,735	9,240	10,495
Salvadorean	675	360	315	19,200	9,535	9,665
Uruguayan	0	0	0	1,755	815	940
Venezuelan	30	15	10	7,475	3,430	4,045
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	140	85	60	5,845	2,965	2,880
African origins	2,630	1,315	1,315	382,665	196,910	185,755
Central and West African origins	675	345	335	86,695	44,720	41,975
Akan	0	0	0	630	325	310
Angolan	0	0	0	875	425	450
Ashanti	10	0	10	120	90	35
Beninese	0	0	0	4,125	2,220	1,915
Burkinabe	0	0	0	2,465	1,325	1,145
Cameroonian	105	55	50	17,095	8,635	8,465
Chadian	0	0	0	1,045	525	520
Congolese	25	20	10	20,210	9,960	10,250
Edo	0	0	0	110	60	45
Ewe	0	0	0	460	265	200
Gabonese	0	0	0	1,165	545	620
Gambian	0	0	0	150	95	55
Ghanaian	125	65	60	3,235	1,660	1,575
Guinean	10	0	0	5,255	2,765	2,485
Ibo	105	45	60	185	95	95
Ivorian	0	0	0	8,545	4,350	4,200
Liberian	10	0	10	150	60	90
Malian	0	0	0	3,535	1,755	1,775
Malinké	0	0	0	635	340	295
Nigerian	270	140	135	2,820	1,510	1,310
Peulh	0	0	0	2,110	1,080	1,030
Senegalese	0	0	0	8,250	4,420	3,835
Sierra Leonean	25	10	10	110	55	55
Togolese	0	0	0	4,080	2,210	1,870
Wolof	0	0	0	660	390	270
Yoruba	25	10	15	460	225	235
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	35	15	15	6,955	3,690	3,275
North African origins	435	235	200	225,125	117,725	107,410
Algerian	40	20	20	60,375	31,185	29,190
Berber	35	25	10	33,825	17,840	15,985
Coptic	0	0	0	685	385	305
Dinka	45	30	20	15	10	10
Egyptian	110	55	60	29,400	15,295	14,100
Libyan	30	10	20	1,075	590	485
Maure	0	0	0	530	290	240
Moroccan	25	20	10	85,940	44,520	41,420
Sudanese	150	75	75	370	220	150
Tunisian	0	0	10	21,475	11,775	9,695
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	0	0	0	3,340	1,845	1,490
Southern and East African origins	830	395	435	28,925	14,225	14,705
Afrikaner	20	10	10	115	75	40
Amhara	10	10	10	65	30	35
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	0	0	0	1,905	1,040	870
Burundian	20	15	0	6,015	2,945	3,070
Djiboutian	0	0	0	450	205	245
Eritrean	45	15	30	580	290	290
Ethiopian	45	15	25	1,575	785	785
Harari	0	0	0	20	10	10
Kenyan	30	15	15	530	270	260
Malagasy	0	0	0	3,735	1,815	1,920
Mauritian	15	15	0	3,695	1,735	1,960
Oromo	0	0	0	20	15	10
Rwandan	10	10	0	5,130	2,445	2,685
Seychellois	0	0	0	775	345	425
Somali	120	55	65	1,785	865	915
South African	405	175	225	900	490	420
Tanzanian	30	15	20	325	190	140
Tigrian	0	0	0	95	35	55
Ugandan	0	0	0	290	135	160
Zambian	0	0	0	45	20	25
Zimbabwean	40	25	10	300	150	145
Zulu	15	10	10	70	35	35
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	80	35	50	1,790	915	875
Other African origins	725	355	370	46,805	22,845	23,965
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	85	45	40	3,800	1,845	1,950
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	645	315	330	43,785	21,415	22,370
Asian origins	15,265	7,375	7,890	563,150	275,170	287,980
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	1,330	695	630	240,795	123,985	116,810
Afghan	335	165	165	10,945	5,550	5,395
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	125	50	70	44,875	23,680	21,195
Armenian	20	10	10	27,380	13,515	13,865
Assyrian	0	0	0	370	205	165
Azerbaijani	10	0	10	555	295	255
Georgian	20	15	10	635	295	345
Hazara	0	0	0	385	190	200
Iranian	130	65	60	25,530	12,845	12,685
Iraqi	0	0	0	5,520	2,780	2,740
Israeli	25	25	0	6,060	3,235	2,830
Jordanian	10	0	10	1,610	840	770
Kazakh	25	10	15	620	295	325
Kurd	0	0	0	2,135	1,180	960
Kuwaiti	10	0	0	95	50	50
Kyrgyz	10	0	10	260	140	120
Lebanese	250	135	115	78,140	40,695	37,450
Palestinian	55	30	20	6,865	3,520	3,345
Pashtun	0	0	0	515	280	235
Saudi Arabian	0	0	0	645	390	255
Syrian	215	110	105	27,465	13,845	13,620
Tajik	0	0	0	390	180	210
Tatar	0	0	0	910	430	485
Turk	70	45	30	15,060	7,520	7,545
Turkmen	0	0	0	65	45	25
Uighur	0	0	0	375	185	190
Uzbek	15	10	0	465	210	255
Yemeni	0	0	0	805	450	355
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	35	10	25	2,465	1,385	1,075
South Asian origins	2,135	1,140	1,000	95,670	48,925	46,745
Bangladeshi	55	35	25	7,075	3,625	3,450
Bengali	0	0	0	4,125	2,035	2,090
Bhutanese	0	0	0	420	205	215
East Indian	1,550	820	730	51,650	26,505	25,140
Goan	0	0	0	210	105	110
Gujarati	0	0	0	420	205	215
Kashmiri	0	0	0	260	155	105
Nepali	15	0	0	930	460	470
Pakistani	240	125	115	13,535	7,000	6,535
Punjabi	125	55	75	2,970	1,675	1,295
Sinhalese	0	0	0	310	135	175
Sri Lankan	140	80	55	14,750	7,300	7,450
Tamil	0	0	0	3,100	1,610	1,495
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	70	50	20	2,135	1,190	945
East and Southeast Asian origins	11,775	5,545	6,225	229,985	103,805	126,180
Burmese	10	0	0	530	270	255
Cambodian (Khmer)	175	65	110	15,345	7,360	7,985
Chinese	2,485	1,155	1,330	121,445	54,595	66,850
Filipino	8,150	3,810	4,345	37,910	15,590	22,320
Hmong	0	0	0	35	10	20
Indonesian	85	45	35	1,320	570	755
Japanese	395	180	215	6,495	2,615	3,875
Karen	20	15	10	95	55	40
Korean	475	235	245	8,740	4,155	4,580
Laotian	70	45	25	7,625	3,860	3,770
Malaysian	20	10	10	645	300	340
Mongolian	20	15	10	960	470	485
Singaporean	15	0	0	105	65	40
Taiwanese	0	0	10	2,205	940	1,265
Thai	155	70	85	2,695	1,065	1,635
Tibetan	0	0	0	80	45	30
Vietnamese	370	150	215	43,080	20,790	22,290
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	0	0	0	275	125	155
Other Asian origins	100	40	60	1,765	905	865
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	95	35	60	1,770	905	860
Oceania origins	600	270	330	3,250	1,730	1,515
Australian	310	155	155	2,055	1,125	935
New Zealander	185	75	110	490	245	245
Pacific Islands origins	120	55	65	785	410	380
Fijian	50	15	30	70	25	40
Hawaiian	10	0	0	60	40	20
Maori	35	15	20	90	55	35
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	0	0	0	290	145	145
Samoan	25	15	10	15	15	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	10	10	10	295	155	145
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	80,650	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
Owner	58,350	...	...	2,163,735	...	...
Renter	21,400	...	...	1,362,010	...	...
Band housing	895	...	...	5,915	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	80,650	...	...	3,531,660	...	...
Condominium	7,805	...	...	413,325	...	...
Not condominium	72,850	...	...	3,118,340	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	80,645	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
No bedrooms	235	...	...	23,725	...	...
1 bedroom	5,665	...	...	573,370	...	...
2 bedrooms	16,710	...	...	1,100,310	...	...
3 bedrooms	26,500	...	...	1,157,300	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	31,535	...	...	676,955	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	80,645	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	15,550	...	...	1,258,215	...	...
5 rooms	12,545	...	...	620,935	...	...
6 rooms	11,640	...	...	432,090	...	...
7 rooms	11,370	...	...	403,255	...	...
8 or more rooms	29,550	...	...	817,165	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.8	...	...	5.8	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	80,650	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
One person or fewer per room	79,605	...	...	3,492,135	...	...
More than 1 person per room	1,045	...	...	39,530	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	80,650	...	...	3,531,660	...	...
Suitable	78,145	...	...	3,398,910	...	...
Not suitable	2,505	...	...	132,755	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	80,650	...	...	3,531,660	...	...
1960 or before	8,595	...	...	894,495	...	...
1961 to 1980	20,425	...	...	1,116,760	...	...
1981 to 1990	10,765	...	...	503,495	...	...
1991 to 2000	12,255	...	...	369,020	...	...
2001 to 2005	9,655	...	...	196,830	...	...
2006 to 2010	10,780	...	...	241,545	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	8,180	...	...	209,515	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	80,650	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	75,860	...	...	3,304,625	...	...
Major repairs needed	4,785	...	...	227,040	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	80,650	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
1 household maintainer	47,035	...	...	2,221,970	...	...
2 household maintainers	31,580	...	...	1,264,195	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	2,035	...	...	45,500	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	80,650	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
15 to 24 years	3,335	...	...	119,495	...	...
25 to 34 years	14,805	...	...	498,070	...	...
35 to 44 years	15,245	...	...	603,840	...	...
45 to 54 years	15,685	...	...	682,290	...	...
55 to 64 years	15,790	...	...	731,390	...	...
65 to 74 years	9,300	...	...	541,630	...	...
75 to 84 years	5,060	...	...	270,280	...	...
85 years and over	1,425	...	...	84,680	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	76,585	...	...	3,496,460	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	61,015	...	...	2,763,105	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	15,565	...	...	733,355	...	...
30% to less than 100%	13,650	...	...	647,975	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	55,575	...	...	2,141,690	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	65.5	...	...	61.9	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	14.0	...	...	12.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,420	...	...	983	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,416	...	...	1,085	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	348,201	...	...	250,302	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	385,305	...	...	290,484	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	21,295	...	...	1,358,265	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	9.6	...	...	9.3	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	36.8	...	...	33.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,152	...	...	720	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,181	...	...	775	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	163,660	81,455	82,205	6,634,280	3,260,035	3,374,240
No certificate, diploma or degree	31,520	17,215	14,300	1,323,070	674,955	648,115
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	50,380	24,830	25,550	1,426,980	674,820	752,155
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	81,755	39,400	42,355	3,884,235	1,910,260	1,973,970
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	20,965	16,450	4,515	1,120,730	681,515	439,215
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	5,620	3,270	2,345	806,585	435,090	371,495
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	15,345	13,180	2,170	314,145	246,425	67,720
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	34,655	12,470	22,185	1,165,515	506,775	658,740
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	4,345	1,500	2,840	236,255	93,680	142,575
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	21,790	8,985	12,810	1,361,730	628,290	733,440
Bachelor's degree	16,295	6,130	10,165	872,060	384,275	487,790
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,190	560	630	118,955	54,255	64,695
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	815	565	250	39,045	19,865	19,185
Master's degree	3,115	1,520	1,595	281,215	139,280	141,935
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	370	205	160	50,455	30,615	19,840
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	113,640	56,475	57,165	4,371,935	2,167,810	2,204,125
No certificate, diploma or degree	14,815	8,480	6,330	580,635	323,880	256,750
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	33,325	16,645	16,680	808,955	396,620	412,330
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	65,500	31,345	34,160	2,982,345	1,447,305	1,535,040
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	16,375	13,080	3,300	866,595	513,575	353,015
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	4,100	2,475	1,625	631,795	330,140	301,655
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	12,275	10,600	1,670	234,800	183,440	51,360
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	27,810	9,875	17,935	832,430	367,185	465,245
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,245	1,250	1,995	167,025	67,530	99,495
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	18,070	7,140	10,930	1,116,300	499,010	617,290
Bachelor's degree	13,555	4,995	8,560	712,935	308,760	404,175
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	960	415	550	94,240	40,085	54,160
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	690	460	235	30,775	13,505	17,270
Master's degree	2,630	1,160	1,475	238,300	113,895	124,410
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	235	120	110	40,050	22,780	17,270
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	163,655	81,450	82,205	6,634,280	3,260,040	3,374,245
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	81,900	42,050	39,850	2,750,050	1,349,775	1,400,270
Education	6,560	1,510	5,050	273,320	62,470	210,845
13. Education	6,560	1,515	5,050	273,320	62,470	210,845
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,740	740	1,000	156,720	71,485	85,240
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	310	220	90	25,380	18,280	7,100
50. Visual and performing arts	1,430	525	905	131,340	53,200	78,140
Humanities	2,300	1,020	1,280	215,735	86,065	129,675
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	130	25	105	32,180	7,165	25,020
23. English language and literature/letters	415	105	310	12,900	4,060	8,835
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	475	155	325	103,120	42,685	60,435
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	0	0	0	880	395	485
38. Philosophy and religious studies	205	115	85	10,400	6,650	3,755
39. Theology and religious vocations	825	475	350	10,125	6,200	3,930
54. History	210	130	80	17,055	9,990	7,065
55. French language and literature/letters	35	15	20	29,070	8,920	20,155
Social and behavioural sciences and law	5,595	1,350	4,240	380,995	125,025	255,975
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	85	10	80	4,315	1,165	3,150
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	485	210	275	48,530	16,690	31,845
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,665	80	1,585	77,470	6,070	71,400
22. Legal professions and studies	1,155	245	915	67,185	25,785	41,395
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	95	25	65	9,905	2,035	7,870
42. Psychology	925	220	710	57,335	14,030	43,305
45. Social sciences	1,175	575	600	116,255	59,245	57,015
Business, management and public administration	14,710	3,975	10,735	879,190	321,450	557,740
30.16 Accounting and computer science	40	0	40	815	300	520
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,285	225	1,060	47,715	10,490	37,225
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	13,385	3,750	9,635	830,660	310,665	519,990
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,600	790	805	140,990	76,780	64,215
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	520	210	305	49,705	20,900	28,805
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	380	185	195	23,210	13,865	9,350
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	20	10	15	21,890	10,810	11,080
40. Physical sciences	335	195	140	39,060	27,545	11,515
41. Science technologies/technicians	350	200	150	7,120	3,660	3,465
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,605	840	760	152,105	104,850	47,255
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,325	765	565	125,480	92,730	32,750
25. Library science	130	0	125	11,110	2,145	8,965
27. Mathematics and statistics	145	75	70	13,415	8,365	5,045
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	0	0	0	2,100	1,605	495
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	23,170	21,665	1,500	828,400	758,350	70,055
04. Architecture and related services	305	165	140	29,015	17,055	11,960
14. Engineering	2,025	1,675	345	150,450	124,585	25,865
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	3,945	3,540	400	150,640	135,445	15,195
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	60	20	40
46. Construction trades	6,240	6,060	180	185,385	179,995	5,390
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	7,180	6,895	290	184,280	178,510	5,770
48. Precision production	3,475	3,330	145	128,580	122,750	5,830
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	3,360	2,225	1,145	85,485	56,900	28,585
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	2,695	1,800	895	51,770	30,870	20,900
03. Natural resources and conservation	675	425	250	33,715	26,025	7,690
Health and related fields	15,240	2,700	12,540	480,230	95,450	384,780
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	945	400	545	27,955	14,675	13,280
51. Health professions and related programs	14,135	2,180	11,955	441,105	74,630	366,470
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	155	120	35	11,160	6,140	5,020
Personal, protective and transportation services	5,880	2,575	3,305	290,005	151,070	138,935
12. Personal and culinary services	3,700	720	2,980	164,595	43,720	120,875
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	10	0	290	270	20
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	25	20	10	1,345	1,245	100
43. Security and protective services	875	605	275	54,625	42,415	12,210
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,270	1,225	50	69,160	63,425	5,740
Other	0	0	0	1,055	375	680
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	0	0	0	1,055	375	675
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	113,635	56,475	57,165	4,371,935	2,167,805	2,204,130
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	48,140	25,130	23,010	1,389,585	720,500	669,085
Education	4,730	960	3,775	180,615	37,990	142,625
13. Education	4,735	960	3,775	180,615	37,990	142,625
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,315	505	815	122,045	55,575	66,475
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	225	145	75	19,510	13,740	5,770
50. Visual and performing arts	1,095	360	735	102,535	41,830	60,705
Humanities	1,765	765	1,000	138,330	54,580	83,750
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	115	20	100	25,220	5,455	19,765
23. English language and literature/letters	325	85	245	9,585	2,990	6,595
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	345	120	225	57,730	25,305	32,430
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	0	0	0	600	255	350
38. Philosophy and religious studies	140	75	65	6,980	4,415	2,570
39. Theology and religious vocations	675	370	305	5,415	3,380	2,035
54. History	150	95	60	12,235	7,140	5,095
55. French language and literature/letters	10	0	0	20,555	5,640	14,915
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,685	1,030	3,650	301,550	95,120	206,430
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	80	0	70	3,550	925	2,620
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	430	185	250	40,275	13,900	26,370
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,410	50	1,360	63,120	4,295	58,825
22. Legal professions and studies	970	160	805	53,620	18,830	34,790
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	80	25	55	6,840	1,420	5,420
42. Psychology	720	125	595	44,540	10,255	34,285
45. Social sciences	985	485	510	89,610	45,495	44,110
Business, management and public administration	12,120	3,285	8,840	706,400	248,920	457,480
30.16 Accounting and computer science	20	0	25	615	215	400
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,080	170	905	38,320	7,835	30,485
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	11,020	3,110	7,910	667,470	240,870	426,600
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,295	620	675	92,480	49,390	43,090
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	395	155	240	40,895	16,635	24,260
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	315	155	165	12,450	7,435	5,015
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	20	10	15	4,175	2,385	1,785
40. Physical sciences	275	140	135	29,705	20,255	9,445
41. Science technologies/technicians	295	165	125	5,255	2,675	2,580
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,420	740	680	132,750	91,865	40,885
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,215	705	510	112,715	83,240	29,470
25. Library science	120	10	115	8,720	1,665	7,055
27. Mathematics and statistics	90	40	55	9,725	5,815	3,915
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	0	0	0	1,585	1,150	440
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	18,775	17,425	1,345	639,185	577,845	61,335
04. Architecture and related services	250	125	130	24,260	13,870	10,385
14. Engineering	1,770	1,450	320	126,835	103,165	23,665
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	3,240	2,885	355	116,595	103,710	12,885
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	50	15	30
46. Construction trades	5,095	4,945	150	134,865	130,350	4,510
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	5,620	5,355	265	139,935	135,155	4,780
48. Precision production	2,795	2,670	125	96,655	91,580	5,075
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	2,705	1,680	1,020	69,865	45,215	24,655
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	2,140	1,335	800	41,755	23,965	17,795
03. Natural resources and conservation	565	345	220	28,110	21,250	6,860
Health and related fields	11,975	2,155	9,825	368,600	72,245	296,355
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	745	295	445	22,660	11,635	11,030
51. Health professions and related programs	11,115	1,775	9,345	337,320	56,510	280,810
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	120	85	40	8,620	4,110	4,510
Personal, protective and transportation services	4,705	2,170	2,535	229,640	118,260	111,375
12. Personal and culinary services	2,825	580	2,250	129,245	32,830	96,410
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	10	0	225	200	25
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	20	15	0	875	795	80
43. Security and protective services	735	490	245	42,550	32,575	9,975
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,120	1,080	40	56,750	51,860	4,890
Other	0	0	0	890	300	595
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	0	0	0	890	300	595
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	163,655	81,450	82,205	6,634,280	3,260,040	3,374,240
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	81,900	42,050	39,855	2,750,045	1,349,775	1,400,270
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	81,760	39,405	42,350	3,884,235	1,910,265	1,973,970
Location of study inside Canada	72,040	34,700	37,340	3,509,610	1,716,730	1,792,880
Same as province or territory of residence	56,795	27,300	29,495	3,367,195	1,642,930	1,724,270
Different than province or territory of residence	15,240	7,400	7,850	142,415	73,800	68,610
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	9,720	4,705	5,010	374,620	193,530	181,090
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	1,740	980	760	28,320	16,915	11,410
Philippines	3,210	1,220	1,985	12,515	3,600	8,920
India	390	225	165	6,805	3,660	3,150
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	790	415	370	11,250	6,535	4,715
China^{Census data footnote 162}	125	65	65	17,155	7,755	9,395
France	40	25	15	69,665	39,885	29,780
Other	3,430	1,775	1,655	228,905	115,185	113,725
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	113,635	56,475	57,165	4,371,935	2,167,810	2,204,130
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	48,140	25,125	23,010	1,389,590	720,505	669,085
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	65,505	31,345	34,155	2,982,350	1,447,305	1,535,045
Location of study inside Canada	57,160	27,445	29,715	2,676,230	1,293,455	1,382,780
Same as province or territory of residence	45,145	21,640	23,505	2,567,605	1,238,320	1,329,280
Different than province or territory of residence	12,020	5,810	6,215	108,630	55,125	53,500
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	8,340	3,895	4,445	306,115	153,850	152,265
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	1,280	680	600	19,655	11,145	8,505
Philippines	3,045	1,160	1,885	10,545	2,935	7,610
India	355	205	145	4,865	2,465	2,400
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	490	255	235	7,390	4,245	3,145
China^{Census data footnote 162}	110	55	55	15,420	6,865	8,550
France	35	15	10	57,315	32,115	25,205
Other	3,025	1,525	1,500	190,930	94,085	96,850
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	163,660	81,450	82,205	6,634,280	3,260,040	3,374,245
In the labour force	116,745	62,660	54,085	4,255,500	2,214,735	2,040,765
Employed	104,450	54,560	49,890	3,949,325	2,037,105	1,912,220
Unemployed	12,290	8,095	4,195	306,170	177,630	128,540
Not in the labour force	46,915	18,795	28,120	2,378,780	1,045,300	1,333,480
Participation rate	71.3	76.9	65.8	64.1	67.9	60.5
Employment rate	63.8	67.0	60.7	59.5	62.5	56.7
Unemployment rate	10.5	12.9	7.8	7.2	8.0	6.3
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	163,660	81,455	82,200	6,634,280	3,260,035	3,374,240
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	40,745	15,970	24,770	2,228,315	967,660	1,260,655
Worked	122,910	65,480	57,430	4,405,965	2,292,375	2,113,585
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	57,300	33,330	23,975	2,084,020	1,145,805	938,215
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	65,615	32,155	33,455	2,321,945	1,146,575	1,175,375
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.8	42.2	41.3	42.5	42.7	42.3
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	116,745	62,660	54,080	4,255,500	2,214,735	2,040,765
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	1,980	955	1,025	101,485	51,640	49,850
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	114,760	61,700	53,060	4,154,015	2,163,095	1,990,915
Employee	98,380	51,570	46,810	3,664,920	1,863,740	1,801,185
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	16,375	10,130	6,250	489,090	299,355	189,730
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	116,740	62,660	54,080	4,255,500	2,214,735	2,040,765
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	1,980	955	1,025	101,490	51,640	49,850
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	114,755	61,700	53,060	4,154,010	2,163,095	1,990,915
0 Management occupations	13,105	8,310	4,790	418,450	263,585	154,875
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	15,540	3,190	12,350	677,390	210,525	466,865
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	5,420	4,220	1,195	286,270	222,375	63,895
3 Health occupations	8,450	1,495	6,955	295,765	57,160	238,610
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	10,730	2,945	7,785	502,945	147,145	355,795
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	2,055	720	1,335	135,730	64,370	71,365
6 Sales and service occupations	24,225	9,340	14,880	988,610	449,820	538,790
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	23,265	21,480	1,790	574,675	544,100	30,570
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	7,040	5,960	1,080	67,290	55,610	11,685
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	4,930	4,040	890	206,875	148,405	58,475
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	116,745	62,655	54,085	4,255,495	2,214,735	2,040,765
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	1,980	955	1,025	101,490	51,635	49,850
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	114,760	61,700	53,060	4,154,010	2,163,095	1,990,915
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	5,970	3,870	2,100	84,060	60,460	23,595
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	9,620	8,305	1,315	20,920	18,175	2,745
22 Utilities	585	480	105	28,410	20,650	7,755
23 Construction	12,685	10,720	1,965	254,055	223,770	30,285
31-33 Manufacturing	7,550	5,690	1,855	458,315	332,080	126,240
41 Wholesale trade	3,625	2,770	860	157,365	104,885	52,475
44-45 Retail trade	13,505	5,870	7,635	508,170	239,625	268,545
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	4,195	3,120	1,080	187,550	142,550	45,000
51 Information and cultural industries	1,020	515	500	100,775	59,705	41,070
52 Finance and insurance	2,850	815	2,035	165,140	66,175	98,965
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,930	990	945	61,380	36,505	24,875
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	5,535	2,900	2,630	288,715	161,030	127,685
55 Management of companies and enterprises	90	30	55	3,305	1,270	2,035
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	3,630	2,035	1,595	176,185	108,280	67,905
61 Educational services	6,540	1,530	5,010	306,575	96,170	210,405
62 Health care and social assistance	13,650	2,120	11,530	532,680	99,380	433,295
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,955	985	970	84,130	44,235	39,895
72 Accommodation and food services	7,970	2,910	5,060	278,500	123,235	155,265
81 Other services (except public administration)	6,315	3,310	3,000	193,700	89,455	104,245
91 Public administration	5,540	2,730	2,810	264,085	135,455	128,630
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	104,450	54,560	49,885	3,949,325	2,037,105	1,912,220
Worked at home	9,300	4,335	4,965	266,285	134,325	131,960
Worked outside Canada	315	260	55	10,600	7,580	3,020
No fixed workplace address	16,450	12,985	3,460	351,595	265,405	86,185
Worked at usual place	78,385	36,980	41,405	3,320,850	1,629,795	1,691,050
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	78,390	36,980	41,405	3,320,845	1,629,795	1,691,050
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	43,900	18,605	25,300	1,732,155	810,895	921,260
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	29,190	14,855	14,340	485,450	234,700	250,750
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	4,935	3,310	1,625	1,037,125	549,095	488,030
Commute to a different province or territory	355	210	145	66,125	35,110	31,015
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	94,835	49,965	44,870	3,672,445	1,895,200	1,777,240
Car, truck, van - as a driver	81,785	43,630	38,165	2,739,405	1,475,775	1,263,625
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	4,710	2,250	2,460	133,760	51,045	82,715
Public transit	2,500	1,105	1,395	503,285	217,465	285,820
Walked	3,615	1,460	2,165	205,350	93,595	111,760
Bicycle	685	485	200	54,625	36,470	18,155
Other method	1,535	1,045	495	36,010	20,845	15,170
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	94,840	49,965	44,870	3,672,440	1,895,200	1,777,240
Less than 15 minutes	36,080	16,305	19,775	1,035,455	493,225	542,235
15 to 29 minutes	36,580	19,080	17,500	1,200,455	617,010	583,445
30 to 44 minutes	13,380	7,945	5,435	777,955	425,640	352,310
45 to 59 minutes	3,460	2,205	1,255	343,540	184,440	159,100
60 minutes and over	5,340	4,430	905	315,035	174,875	140,160
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	94,840	49,965	44,875	3,672,440	1,895,205	1,777,240
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	7,140	5,290	1,850	256,150	192,835	63,315
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	18,055	12,380	5,670	675,585	420,120	255,465
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	29,745	16,015	13,730	1,133,510	527,925	605,580
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	17,530	6,625	10,905	714,935	296,300	418,630
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	8,415	3,035	5,375	349,845	148,715	201,125
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	13,955	6,615	7,335	542,425	309,295	233,125
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	126,400	67,085	59,315	4,529,770	2,352,115	2,177,655
Single responses	125,900	66,830	59,070	4,187,865	2,169,480	2,018,385
Official languages	125,445	66,585	58,860	4,153,710	2,152,290	2,001,420
English	125,170	66,510	58,660	541,720	294,935	246,780
French	275	75	200	3,611,990	1,857,350	1,754,640
Non-official languages	455	250	210	34,160	17,190	16,970
Aboriginal languages	25	10	20	12,670	6,180	6,490
Algonquian languages	25	10	20	8,350	4,095	4,260
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	25	0	15	8,285	4,060	4,220
Atikamekw	0	0	0	1,100	580	515
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	1,800	840	960
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	210	105	100
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	35	20	15
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	25	0	20	5,145	2,515	2,630
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	30	20	10
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	25	20	10
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	0	10	45	15	25
Algonquin	0	0	0	45	20	30
Ojibway	10	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	4,305	2,080	2,220
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	4,290	2,075	2,215
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	15	0	15
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	10	0	15
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	10
Non-Aboriginal languages	425	240	190	21,490	11,005	10,480
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	1,895	1,125	775
Berber languages	0	0	0	35	10	30
Kabyle	0	0	0	15	0	20
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	0	10
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	1,860	1,110	745
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	1,715	1,045	665
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	10	0	10
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	140	70	70
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	10	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	1,725	850	870
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	315	140	175
Vietnamese	0	0	0	1,410	710	695
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	40	20	20	135	65	70
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	10	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	10
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	35	20	20	115	50	60
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	275	90	190
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	10	0	10
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	265	90	175
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	10	150	75	75
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	145	75	70
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	10
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Indo-European languages	225	110	110	10,165	5,255	4,910
Albanian	0	0	0	30	20	10
Armenian	0	0	0	275	130	145
Balto-Slavic languages	0	10	0	1,130	500	635
Baltic languages	0	0	0	15	0	10
Latvian	0	0	0	15	10	10
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	10	0
Slavic languages	0	10	0	1,115	495	625
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	55	20	30
Croatian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Czech	0	0	0	10	0	10
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	170	65	105
Russian	10	10	0	735	340	395
Serbian	0	0	0	10	15	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	110	35	75
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	65	30	35	1,285	575	715
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	15	10	0
Dutch	20	10	10	25	10	15
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	50	20	30	370	170	195
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	15	10	10
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	860	375	485
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	10	10	0	525	260	270
Indo-Iranian languages	10	10	10	1,385	780	600
Indo-Aryan languages	10	0	10	680	390	295
Bengali	0	0	0	110	70	35
Gujarati	0	0	0	20	0	10
Hindi	0	0	0	35	20	15
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	20	0	10
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	10	0	10	415	225	190
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	85	50	35
Iranian languages	0	0	0	700	395	305
Kurdish	0	0	0	15	0	15
Pashto	0	0	0	10	0	15
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	675	385	285
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	140	65	70	5,525	2,990	2,540
Catalan	0	0	0	15	0	15
Italian	0	0	0	590	315	275
Portuguese	10	0	10	635	365	270
Romanian	0	0	0	320	140	175
Spanish	135	65	70	3,975	2,165	1,810
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	235	80	150
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Georgian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Korean	10	0	0	300	150	150
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	45	25	20
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	10	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	10	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	25	20	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	10	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	10
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	10	10	0	205	60	140
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	125	20	110
Sign languages, n.i.e	10	10	0	70	45	30
Sino-Tibetan languages	95	65	35	6,070	3,125	2,945
Chinese languages	95	60	35	6,075	3,130	2,950
Cantonese	75	50	25	2,655	1,325	1,330
Hakka	10	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	15	10	10	3,100	1,630	1,465
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	70	40	30
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	15	10	10
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	235	130	110
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	40	30	15	110	40	75
Lao	0	0	0	55	25	30
Thai	40	25	15	55	10	40
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	110	60	50
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	110	55	55
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	40	10	40
Estonian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	35	0	35
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Multiple responses	500	250	245	341,900	182,635	159,265
English and French	155	80	70	315,620	169,365	146,255
English and non-official language	345	170	180	6,545	3,655	2,890
French and non-official language	0	0	0	7,525	3,460	4,065
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	12,205	6,160	6,055
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	126,400	67,085	59,320	4,529,770	2,352,110	2,177,655
None	123,390	65,595	57,795	3,107,035	1,588,345	1,518,690
English	385	135	255	1,031,380	555,940	475,440
French	650	305	350	317,490	169,785	147,705
Non-official language	1,930	1,025	905	49,850	25,900	23,950
Aboriginal	245	105	140	4,985	2,285	2,705
Non-Aboriginal	1,680	920	765	44,865	23,620	21,245
English and French	0	0	0	2,185	1,040	1,140
English and non-official language	0	0	0	14,910	7,255	7,655
French and non-official language	45	30	15	6,855	3,795	3,055
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	65	50	20
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	201,920	101,190	100,735	7,880,315	3,897,740	3,982,575
Non-movers	169,755	85,390	84,365	6,965,520	3,447,320	3,518,195
Movers	32,170	15,795	16,370	914,800	450,420	464,380
Non-migrants	18,085	9,015	9,065	547,410	269,850	277,560
Migrants	14,085	6,780	7,305	367,385	180,565	186,820
Internal migrants	13,105	6,310	6,795	305,465	149,335	156,135
Intraprovincial migrants	11,065	5,360	5,710	284,280	137,945	146,330
Interprovincial migrants	2,040	950	1,085	21,190	11,385	9,805
External migrants	975	465	510	61,920	31,235	30,685
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	190,945	95,595	95,345	7,520,960	3,714,155	3,806,805
Non-movers	104,010	52,165	51,845	4,825,870	2,388,805	2,437,065
Movers	86,930	43,435	43,495	2,695,090	1,325,345	1,369,740
Non-migrants	40,585	20,495	20,090	1,507,665	741,220	766,440
Migrants	46,340	22,940	23,405	1,187,425	584,125	603,295
Internal migrants	40,585	20,110	20,475	949,170	464,830	484,340
Intraprovincial migrants	30,240	14,960	15,280	893,800	436,525	457,270
Interprovincial migrants	10,340	5,155	5,190	55,370	28,300	27,070
External migrants	5,755	2,830	2,930	238,250	119,295	118,960

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 35 referrer

Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Red Deer [Economic region], Alberta and Quebec [Province] (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 25, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Red Deer [Economic region], Alberta and Quebec [Province]

Census Profile, 2016 Census Red Deer [Economic region], Alberta and Quebec [Province]

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Red Deer [Economic region], Alberta and Quebec [Province]