Census Profile, 2016 Census
Red Deer [Economic region], Alberta and Manitoba [Province]

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Red Deer Alberta [Economic region]			Manitoba [Province]
	Data quality , Red Deer [Economic region], Alberta Map : Red Deer [Economic region], Alberta Change geography 1			Data quality : Manitoba [Province] Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	209,395	...	...	1,278,365	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	189,243	...	...	1,208,268	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	10.6	...	...	5.8	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	88,994	...	...	539,748	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	80,649	...	...	489,050	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	21.1	...	...	2.3	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	9,939.43	...	...	552,370.99	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	209,395	104,790	104,605	1,278,365	631,400	646,970
0 to 14 years	41,065	21,155	19,915	243,820	125,110	118,710
0 to 4 years	13,850	7,160	6,695	81,065	41,710	39,355
5 to 9 years	14,300	7,390	6,910	83,375	42,565	40,805
10 to 14 years	12,910	6,605	6,310	79,380	40,835	38,545
15 to 64 years	141,555	71,260	70,295	835,580	417,260	418,320
15 to 19 years	12,875	6,625	6,250	82,440	42,555	39,890
20 to 24 years	13,120	6,645	6,470	86,760	44,465	42,295
25 to 29 years	15,470	7,915	7,555	86,695	43,570	43,125
30 to 34 years	16,730	8,510	8,220	85,185	42,210	42,975
35 to 39 years	14,855	7,575	7,285	81,105	39,885	41,215
40 to 44 years	13,655	7,025	6,635	79,325	39,530	39,795
45 to 49 years	13,065	6,470	6,595	79,350	39,220	40,130
50 to 54 years	14,635	7,070	7,565	89,840	44,485	45,355
55 to 59 years	14,840	7,330	7,515	87,765	43,555	44,210
60 to 64 years	12,305	6,095	6,210	77,110	37,780	39,325
65 years and over	26,780	12,380	14,400	198,965	89,025	109,945
65 to 69 years	9,260	4,570	4,690	64,905	31,280	33,625
70 to 74 years	6,245	3,035	3,215	45,980	21,940	24,040
75 to 79 years	4,610	2,080	2,530	33,555	15,250	18,305
80 to 84 years	3,250	1,475	1,775	25,315	10,740	14,575
85 years and over	3,410	1,215	2,200	29,210	9,810	19,395
85 to 89 years	2,260	905	1,355	17,335	6,460	10,875
90 to 94 years	895	250	650	8,945	2,710	6,230
95 to 99 years	220	55	165	2,520	580	1,940
100 years and over	35	5	25	415	60	350
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	19.6	20.2	19.0	19.1	19.8	18.3
15 to 64 years	67.6	68.0	67.2	65.4	66.1	64.7
65 years and over	12.8	11.8	13.8	15.6	14.1	17.0
85 years and over	1.6	1.2	2.1	2.3	1.6	3.0
Average age of the population	38.0	37.2	38.7	39.2	38.2	40.2
Median age of the population	36.8	36.0	37.6	38.3	37.2	39.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	80,645	...	...	489,050	...	...
Single-detached house	51,550	...	...	331,420	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	605	...	...	39,080	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	23,660	...	...	108,120	...	...
Semi-detached house	4,820	...	...	15,865	...	...
Row house	6,085	...	...	17,225	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	2,130	...	...	7,065	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	10,520	...	...	67,205	...	...
Other single-attached house	110	...	...	755	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	4,835	...	...	10,435	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	80,645	...	...	489,050	...	...
1 person	19,415	...	...	135,500	...	...
2 persons	29,600	...	...	164,880	...	...
3 persons	12,520	...	...	71,065	...	...
4 persons	11,500	...	...	66,675	...	...
5 or more persons	7,615	...	...	50,930	...	...
Number of persons in private households	204,545	...	...	1,240,700	...	...
Average household size	2.5	...	...	2.5	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	168,330	83,640	84,685	1,034,545	506,280	528,260
Married or living common law	100,620	50,385	50,235	593,615	297,280	296,335
Married	82,400	41,295	41,105	503,390	252,210	251,175
Living common law	18,225	9,095	9,130	90,230	45,075	45,155
Not married and not living common law	67,710	33,255	34,450	440,925	209,000	231,930
Never married	43,620	24,685	18,935	300,415	162,440	137,980
Separated	4,585	1,975	2,610	24,845	11,080	13,765
Divorced	11,565	4,850	6,715	54,860	22,780	32,080
Widowed	7,945	1,745	6,200	60,805	12,700	48,100
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	58,170	...	...	346,160	...	...
2 persons	29,895	...	...	171,435	...	...
3 persons	11,740	...	...	71,630	...	...
4 persons	10,860	...	...	65,500	...	...
5 or more persons	5,685	...	...	37,600	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	58,170	...	...	346,160	...	...
Total couple families	49,215	...	...	287,200	...	...
Married couples	40,105	...	...	242,100	...	...
Common-law couples	9,110	...	...	45,100	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	8,960	...	...	58,960	...	...
Female parent	6,950	...	...	45,930	...	...
Male parent	2,010	...	...	13,025	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	49,215	...	...	287,205	...	...
Couples without children	24,590	...	...	137,135	...	...
Couples with children	24,625	...	...	150,070	...	...
1 child	9,185	...	...	55,730	...	...
2 children	10,060	...	...	59,965	...	...
3 or more children	5,375	...	...	34,375	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	8,960	...	...	58,960	...	...
1 child	5,305	...	...	34,305	...	...
2 children	2,555	...	...	15,895	...	...
3 or more children	1,100	...	...	8,765	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	35,420	18,625	16,795	212,415	104,435	107,980
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	80,650	...	...	489,050	...	...
One-census-family households	55,355	...	...	323,125	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	23,570	...	...	130,475	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	31,780	...	...	192,650	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	1,380	...	...	11,110	...	...
Non-census-family households	23,915	...	...	154,815	...	...
One-person households	19,415	...	...	135,495	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	4,495	...	...	19,315	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	206,260	103,215	103,045	1,261,620	624,095	637,520
English only	195,625	98,365	97,255	1,135,395	566,980	568,410
French only	105	45	60	1,485	680	800
English and French	9,500	4,300	5,195	108,460	49,205	59,255
Neither English nor French	1,035	500	535	16,285	7,235	9,050
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	206,260	103,215	103,045	1,261,620	624,100	637,520
English	202,695	101,425	101,270	1,203,025	596,475	606,550
French	2,290	1,180	1,110	39,200	18,880	20,325
English and French	285	135	145	3,545	1,755	1,790
Neither English nor French	995	475	515	15,840	6,985	8,860
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	2,430	1,250	1,180	40,975	19,760	21,215
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	1.2	1.2	1.1	3.2	3.2	3.3
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	206,260	103,215	103,040	1,261,620	624,095	637,520
Single responses	203,635	101,930	101,705	1,230,115	608,820	621,300
Official languages	183,055	91,845	91,210	941,130	468,430	472,705
English	180,555	90,565	89,990	900,610	448,960	451,645
French	2,500	1,280	1,220	40,520	19,465	21,055
Non-official languages	20,575	10,085	10,490	288,985	140,395	148,590
Aboriginal languages	1,015	485	530	29,710	14,265	15,440
Algonquian languages	975	470	505	28,070	13,505	14,565
Blackfoot	5	5	0	5	0	5
Cree-Montagnais languages	955	460	495	14,820	7,085	7,740
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	5
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	30	5	20
Plains Cree	70	35	35	70	25	40
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	745	305	440
Woods Cree	15	5	10	65	20	40
Cree, n.o.s.	860	415	445	13,915	6,725	7,195
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	10	5	5
Malecite	0	0	0	0	5	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	10	5	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	20	10	15	13,235	6,410	6,825
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	20	10	15	6,730	3,180	3,550
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	6,505	3,235	3,265
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	15	5	10	815	375	445
Northern Athabaskan languages	10	5	5	815	380	440
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	5	0	0	810	375	435
Dogrib (Tlicho)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	5	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	5	0	5
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	5	0	5	80	20	60
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Inuktitut	5	0	5	65	20	45
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	15	5	10
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	5
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	5	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	80	40	40
Salish languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	5
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	15	10	5	630	305	330
Dakota	10	5	5	630	305	325
Stoney	0	0	5	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Tlingit	0	5	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	5	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	5	5	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	15	10	5
Non-Aboriginal languages	19,555	9,600	9,960	259,280	126,130	133,155
Afro-Asiatic languages	760	425	330	10,700	5,580	5,120
Berber languages	0	0	0	40	25	15
Kabyle	0	0	0	35	15	10
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	5
Cushitic languages	80	40	35	1,750	875	875
Bilen	0	0	0	155	85	70
Oromo	15	5	5	345	175	170
Somali	65	35	25	1,245	610	640
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Semitic languages	680	380	295	8,840	4,640	4,200
Amharic	25	10	15	1,770	885	885
Arabic	595	340	250	4,695	2,500	2,190
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	5	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	10	5	5	545	320	225
Maltese	0	0	0	40	20	25
Tigrigna	55	25	30	1,770	905	865
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	65	35	30
Austro-Asiatic languages	335	165	180	4,180	1,970	2,205
Khmer (Cambodian)	65	30	35	280	135	145
Vietnamese	275	130	145	3,895	1,840	2,060
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	5	0	0
Austronesian languages	5,390	2,435	2,955	52,905	24,685	28,220
Bikol	25	20	10	175	80	95
Cebuano	155	60	95	1,245	565	675
Fijian	10	5	0	35	15	15
Hiligaynon	55	20	35	390	170	220
Ilocano	290	130	160	1,365	630	730
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	5
Malay	20	10	15	175	65	105
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	50	30	20	655	315	340
Pangasinan	20	5	15	135	65	70
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	4,710	2,140	2,575	48,530	22,670	25,855
Waray-Waray	20	10	10	50	30	25
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	30	15	15	150	70	85
Creole languages	45	25	25	570	275	305
Haitian Creole	15	0	10	20	10	10
Creole, n.o.s.	25	15	10	290	140	145
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	265	120	145
Dravidian languages	185	100	80	1,565	825	735
Kannada	5	0	5	95	50	40
Malayalam	80	45	35	790	410	380
Tamil	65	35	30	480	255	230
Telugu	30	15	15	195	115	80
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	10	0	5
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Indo-European languages	10,625	5,385	5,245	158,350	77,605	80,750
Albanian	10	5	5	350	170	180
Armenian	50	25	20	65	35	30
Balto-Slavic languages	2,060	1,005	1,055	34,450	15,845	18,605
Baltic languages	35	20	15	165	65	95
Latvian	15	10	5	80	35	45
Lithuanian	15	10	5	85	35	45
Slavic languages	2,030	980	1,045	34,280	15,775	18,510
Belarusan	0	0	0	40	20	25
Bosnian	75	30	40	575	285	290
Bulgarian	25	10	20	140	70	65
Croatian	55	15	35	1,030	505	530
Czech	70	35	35	615	310	310
Macedonian	5	5	0	145	70	75
Polish	265	135	130	6,455	2,905	3,545
Russian	510	230	285	9,130	4,495	4,640
Serbian	70	40	25	655	335	320
Serbo-Croatian	15	5	10	240	110	130
Slovak	45	20	25	405	175	225
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	5	0	270	130	140
Ukrainian	880	450	430	14,505	6,325	8,180
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	75	40	30
Celtic languages	30	20	15	115	60	55
Scottish Gaelic	10	5	5	50	25	20
Welsh	20	10	5	60	30	30
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	10	10	0
Germanic languages	4,370	2,210	2,160	68,670	33,310	35,360
Afrikaans	210	95	115	420	220	205
Danish	150	75	75	280	145	135
Dutch	1,595	830	765	2,675	1,335	1,335
Frisian	50	30	20	55	30	25
German	2,270	1,130	1,135	63,825	30,940	32,890
Icelandic	5	0	0	475	210	260
Norwegian	40	15	25	115	45	65
Swedish	35	15	20	135	70	70
Vlaams (Flemish)	15	5	5	310	125	180
Yiddish	0	0	0	355	175	180
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	10	10
Greek	80	40	40	1,285	665	615
Indo-Iranian languages	1,520	805	715	32,325	17,135	15,195
Indo-Aryan languages	1,125	600	525	29,520	15,700	13,820
Bengali	55	30	25	1,170	675	495
Gujarati	110	55	50	3,115	1,660	1,455
Hindi	245	135	110	2,270	1,215	1,060
Kashmiri	0	0	0	5	5	5
Konkani	0	0	0	35	20	15
Marathi	0	5	0	135	80	50
Nepali	50	20	30	720	355	365
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	10	5	5
Punjabi (Panjabi)	285	145	140	18,320	9,650	8,670
Sindhi	10	5	5	60	30	30
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	65	35	30	670	345	320
Urdu	310	170	140	3,015	1,655	1,355
Iranian languages	375	190	185	2,705	1,365	1,335
Kurdish	0	0	0	415	210	200
Pashto	90	40	45	275	130	150
Persian (Farsi)	285	150	135	2,020	1,030	990
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	100	60	40
Italic (Romance) languages	2,510	1,280	1,235	21,100	10,385	10,710
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	5
Italian	115	50	65	3,840	1,910	1,930
Portuguese	100	60	40	6,585	3,190	3,390
Romanian	150	75	80	645	310	335
Spanish	2,140	1,095	1,050	10,005	4,965	5,040
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	5	10
Japanese	60	15	45	540	185	350
Kartvelian languages	5	0	0	15	10	10
Georgian	0	0	5	15	5	5
Korean	430	225	200	3,760	1,810	1,950
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	20	5	15
Mongolian	0	0	0	20	5	15
Niger-Congo languages	265	140	125	3,895	1,965	1,930
Akan (Twi)	35	20	15	150	90	65
Bamanankan	0	0	0	75	25	45
Edo	5	0	0	40	20	15
Ewe	5	5	5	30	20	10
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	65	35	30
Ga	0	0	0	15	10	5
Ganda	0	0	0	50	20	30
Igbo	30	15	15	280	155	130
Lingala	10	5	5	75	30	40
Rundi (Kirundi)	5	5	5	135	60	65
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	10	5	250	125	120
Shona	15	10	5	110	50	60
Swahili	35	20	20	870	420	455
Wolof	5	5	5	75	50	25
Yoruba	20	15	10	1,030	525	505
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	80	45	45	640	315	325
Nilo-Saharan languages	35	15	15	395	215	180
Dinka	30	15	10	175	90	80
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	225	125	100
Sign languages	45	25	20	440	230	210
American Sign Language	10	5	5	240	125	115
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	35	20	15	195	100	95
Sino-Tibetan languages	960	445	510	18,880	9,320	9,565
Chinese languages	935	435	495	18,305	9,025	9,280
Cantonese	515	250	270	6,625	3,140	3,485
Hakka	5	5	5	55	30	25
Mandarin	315	140	180	10,170	5,110	5,060
Min Dong	5	5	0	5	5	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	20	10	10	325	150	165
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	0	0	110	55	50
Chinese, n.o.s.	70	30	40	1,010	530	475
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	5	5	5
Tibeto-Burman languages	25	15	15	575	295	285
Burmese	5	0	5	85	50	30
Karenic languages	15	10	10	430	215	220
Tibetan	0	0	0	10	5	5
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	55	20	35
Tai-Kadai languages	135	50	85	1,120	525	595
Lao	50	25	30	875	445	430
Thai	80	25	55	240	85	165
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	5	0	0
Turkic languages	30	15	20	340	190	150
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	30	20	15
Turkish	10	5	5	210	120	95
Uyghur	0	0	5	10	5	10
Uzbek	10	5	5	40	25	15
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	40	25	20
Uralic languages	225	105	120	1,440	655	790
Estonian	15	5	15	30	10	15
Finnish	60	20	40	225	85	135
Hungarian	150	80	70	1,185	550	635
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	25	20	5	155	85	70
Multiple responses	2,625	1,285	1,340	31,505	15,280	16,220
English and French	420	210	210	4,365	2,140	2,230
English and non-official language	2,120	1,025	1,095	25,965	12,530	13,440
French and non-official language	50	30	15	695	380	315
English, French and non-official language	40	20	20	470	230	245
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	206,260	103,220	103,045	1,261,620	624,100	637,520
Single responses	201,045	100,700	100,340	1,197,145	593,020	604,120
Official languages	191,585	95,900	95,685	1,052,345	521,280	531,065
English	190,905	95,565	95,340	1,035,475	513,465	522,010
French	685	335	345	16,865	7,815	9,055
Non-official languages	9,460	4,800	4,655	144,800	71,740	73,060
Aboriginal languages	350	155	195	15,770	8,020	7,750
Algonquian languages	345	155	190	15,070	7,675	7,390
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	340	150	190	7,570	3,860	3,715
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	5	0	5	10	5	0
Plains Cree	5	5	5	10	5	5
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	120	45	75
Woods Cree	0	0	0	15	10	5
Cree, n.o.s.	330	150	185	7,415	3,790	3,620
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	7,495	3,820	3,675
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	2,505	1,280	1,225
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	4,990	2,545	2,455
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	5	0	0	635	305	330
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	635	305	330
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	630	305	330
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	5	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	15	5	10
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	10	5	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	5
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	10	5	10
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	5	0	35	25	10
Dakota	5	0	0	35	25	10
Stoney	5	5	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	9,110	4,650	4,460	129,035	63,725	65,310
Afro-Asiatic languages	540	290	245	6,875	3,475	3,400
Berber languages	0	0	0	20	15	5
Kabyle	0	0	0	15	10	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	5	5
Cushitic languages	50	30	25	1,185	550	630
Bilen	0	0	0	120	65	55
Oromo	15	5	10	210	95	115
Somali	40	20	15	845	385	460
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	10	0
Semitic languages	485	260	225	5,650	2,895	2,750
Amharic	10	5	10	1,045	520	525
Arabic	430	235	195	3,105	1,600	1,505
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	5	0	5
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	355	195	160
Maltese	0	0	0	10	5	5
Tigrigna	45	20	20	1,135	580	555
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	15	10
Austro-Asiatic languages	205	100	105	2,900	1,370	1,530
Khmer (Cambodian)	35	20	20	125	55	70
Vietnamese	170	80	90	2,775	1,315	1,460
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	2,655	1,305	1,350	27,215	13,065	14,155
Bikol	5	0	0	30	15	15
Cebuano	45	20	25	495	250	245
Fijian	0	0	0	15	5	10
Hiligaynon	10	0	5	125	55	75
Ilocano	100	50	55	390	190	200
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	55	25	30
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	15	10	5	245	120	130
Pangasinan	0	0	0	30	15	15
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	2,460	1,215	1,250	25,790	12,375	13,420
Waray-Waray	10	5	10	10	5	5
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	30	15	15
Creole languages	25	15	10	290	120	165
Haitian Creole	5	0	5	10	5	5
Creole, n.o.s.	15	10	5	165	75	85
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	115	45	75
Dravidian languages	105	50	55	800	400	400
Kannada	0	0	0	45	25	25
Malayalam	60	35	30	405	195	205
Tamil	30	15	15	240	120	120
Telugu	10	0	5	110	60	50
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	4,355	2,265	2,085	70,820	35,325	35,495
Albanian	0	0	0	155	80	75
Armenian	25	15	15	20	10	5
Balto-Slavic languages	900	470	430	11,685	5,670	6,015
Baltic languages	10	5	5	25	10	15
Latvian	5	0	0	15	5	5
Lithuanian	5	0	5	10	5	5
Slavic languages	885	465	420	11,660	5,660	6,000
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	5	0
Bosnian	30	15	15	285	145	140
Bulgarian	15	5	10	65	30	30
Croatian	15	10	10	320	145	180
Czech	20	5	10	115	55	60
Macedonian	0	0	0	85	35	45
Polish	70	35	30	2,010	910	1,105
Russian	270	130	135	5,530	2,780	2,745
Serbian	20	10	10	335	170	170
Serbo-Croatian	5	0	5	90	40	50
Slovak	5	5	5	70	35	35
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	55	20	30
Ukrainian	425	235	190	2,690	1,285	1,405
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	10	5	5
Celtic languages	5	0	0	20	15	10
Scottish Gaelic	5	0	0	5	5	0
Welsh	0	0	0	10	5	5
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	1,110	570	535	25,825	12,700	13,125
Afrikaans	110	50	60	200	100	100
Danish	0	0	0	10	5	5
Dutch	280	155	130	270	135	130
Frisian	15	5	5	10	5	5
German	690	360	335	24,795	12,185	12,615
Icelandic	0	0	0	35	15	20
Norwegian	0	0	0	10	5	5
Swedish	5	0	0	10	5	5
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	5	0	15	5	10
Yiddish	0	0	0	10	5	5
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	465	240	225
Greek	20	10	10	535	255	280
Indo-Iranian languages	910	470	440	22,810	11,920	10,890
Indo-Aryan languages	660	350	310	21,010	11,055	9,950
Bengali	35	20	15	690	390	305
Gujarati	65	30	30	2,100	1,095	1,005
Hindi	120	70	45	1,335	715	620
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	10	5	5
Marathi	0	0	0	40	25	20
Nepali	15	5	10	540	265	280
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	190	100	90	14,000	7,330	6,670
Sindhi	0	5	0	30	10	15
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	40	20	20	360	190	170
Urdu	195	100	90	1,895	1,035	860
Iranian languages	250	120	125	1,755	835	920
Kurdish	0	0	0	275	135	140
Pashto	40	20	20	165	70	95
Persian (Farsi)	205	100	105	1,315	635	685
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	5	5	50	25	20
Italic (Romance) languages	1,385	725	665	9,765	4,670	5,090
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	20	10	10	1,035	450	590
Portuguese	35	20	15	2,800	1,305	1,500
Romanian	65	30	35	235	110	125
Spanish	1,265	660	605	5,695	2,810	2,885
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	10	5	10	175	75	105
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	10	5	0
Georgian	0	0	0	10	5	5
Korean	335	180	155	2,915	1,430	1,490
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	5	0	5
Mongolian	0	0	0	5	5	5
Niger-Congo languages	85	45	45	1,410	695	720
Akan (Twi)	20	5	10	45	30	20
Bamanankan	0	0	0	15	5	5
Edo	0	0	0	5	5	0
Ewe	5	5	0	5	5	5
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	35	15	15
Ga	0	0	0	5	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	5	0	0
Igbo	15	10	10	75	40	35
Lingala	0	5	0	40	20	20
Rundi (Kirundi)	5	0	5	65	35	35
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	5	0	105	55	50
Shona	0	0	0	10	5	10
Swahili	15	10	5	500	240	265
Wolof	5	0	0	25	20	10
Yoruba	5	0	0	345	175	170
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	125	50	75
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	5	5	130	60	70
Dinka	5	5	0	80	35	45
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	55	30	25
Sign languages	45	30	20	560	310	255
American Sign Language	10	5	5	255	135	120
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	40	25	15	305	170	135
Sino-Tibetan languages	590	285	300	13,910	6,920	6,985
Chinese languages	565	275	295	13,445	6,685	6,765
Cantonese	305	145	160	4,455	2,105	2,350
Hakka	0	0	0	25	10	15
Mandarin	205	100	110	8,080	4,105	3,975
Min Dong	0	0	0	5	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	5	0	135	65	70
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	65	30	35
Chinese, n.o.s.	45	20	20	675	365	315
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	25	10	10	465	235	225
Burmese	5	0	0	55	30	25
Karenic languages	20	10	5	370	190	180
Tibetan	0	0	0	5	0	5
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	40	15	20
Tai-Kadai languages	75	30	40	535	250	280
Lao	40	20	20	430	210	220
Thai	40	15	20	105	40	65
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	25	15	10	135	70	65
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	10	5	10
Turkish	10	5	5	65	35	35
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	15	10	0	35	20	15
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	10	15
Uralic languages	50	25	20	305	140	165
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	10	5	5	35	15	15
Hungarian	40	25	15	270	125	145
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	25	20
Multiple responses	5,220	2,515	2,700	64,475	31,080	33,400
English and French	250	115	125	3,090	1,440	1,645
English and non-official language	4,880	2,360	2,525	60,090	28,995	31,090
French and non-official language	15	0	10	415	215	205
English, French and non-official language	70	35	40	885	420	455
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	206,260	103,215	103,045	1,261,615	624,095	637,520
None	193,100	96,800	96,305	1,079,050	535,990	543,065
English	4,710	2,410	2,300	76,350	37,795	38,550
French	1,630	755	875	20,200	9,130	11,075
Non-official language	6,625	3,150	3,470	83,315	39,860	43,455
Aboriginal	840	415	420	16,105	7,590	8,515
Non-Aboriginal	5,785	2,735	3,050	67,215	32,275	34,940
English and French	15	10	5	305	150	150
English and non-official language	100	50	50	1,610	815	790
French and non-official language	80	40	40	770	345	420
English, French and non-official language	5	5	0	20	5	10
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	163,655	81,450	82,205	1,001,305	491,590	509,715
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	156,870	78,135	78,740	954,035	467,790	486,250
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	40,754	54,779	31,047	34,188	40,379	29,220
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	156,910	78,145	78,765	954,205	467,820	486,390
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	36,529	46,918	28,694	30,465	35,150	26,561
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	145,705	74,520	71,185	859,545	431,145	428,400
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	39,886	54,010	29,206	32,592	39,229	26,692
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	93,140	36,580	56,555	701,840	309,530	392,310
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	5,231	6,027	4,931	4,268	1,890	5,434
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	125,545	65,695	59,850	722,785	374,850	347,935
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	39,171	53,202	29,313	33,677	39,365	28,679
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	163,655	81,455	82,205	1,001,305	491,580	509,725
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	156,945	78,040	78,900	953,960	467,575	486,385
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	59,077	77,372	40,983	43,767	51,068	36,747
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	156,975	78,050	78,920	954,175	467,605	486,565
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	48,135	61,231	35,183	35,957	41,013	31,097
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	145,745	74,445	71,300	859,575	431,035	428,540
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	58,695	77,113	39,463	42,776	50,803	34,704
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	93,675	36,880	56,790	701,830	308,940	392,890
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,662	8,070	7,396	7,099	6,411	7,640
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	125,545	65,640	59,910	722,785	374,535	348,250
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	53,677	69,297	36,564	42,551	49,417	35,168
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	163,655	81,455	82,205	1,001,310	491,580	509,725
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	54,910	31,695	23,215	350,580	201,335	149,245
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	58,654	70,239	47,961	50,026	54,580	44,818
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	71,065	83,426	54,190	59,523	65,410	51,581
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	92.1	94.9	86.9	88.0	91.7	83.1
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	72.8	75.5	67.7	73.6	77.4	68.6
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	7.9	5.1	13.1	12.0	8.3	16.9
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	163,655	81,450	82,200	1,001,310	491,585	509,720
Without total income	6,790	3,320	3,470	47,270	23,800	23,470
With total income	156,870	78,135	78,735	954,040	467,790	486,245
Percentage with total income	95.9	95.9	95.8	95.3	95.2	95.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	19,715	6,920	12,795	137,700	62,550	75,150
$10,000 to $19,999	20,095	7,225	12,875	150,320	58,320	91,995
$20,000 to $29,999	20,170	7,610	12,565	136,510	54,950	81,560
$30,000 to $39,999	17,220	7,085	10,135	123,685	55,805	67,885
$40,000 to $49,999	15,305	7,015	8,295	109,710	54,650	55,060
$50,000 to $59,999	12,910	6,570	6,345	80,625	45,170	35,460
$60,000 to $69,999	10,485	6,035	4,450	58,785	35,250	23,535
$70,000 to $79,999	8,460	5,445	3,010	43,365	26,465	16,895
$80,000 to $89,999	6,720	4,480	2,240	34,000	20,100	13,905
$90,000 to $99,999	5,705	3,760	1,940	21,980	13,545	8,440
$100,000 and over	20,085	15,980	4,100	57,355	40,985	16,370
$100,000 to $149,999	13,070	10,060	3,010	40,870	28,585	12,285
$150,000 and over	7,015	5,925	1,085	16,490	12,395	4,090
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	163,655	81,450	82,205	1,001,305	491,585	509,720
Without after-tax income	6,745	3,310	3,440	47,100	23,770	23,330
With after-tax income	156,910	78,145	78,765	954,205	467,820	486,390
Percentage with after-tax income	95.9	95.9	95.8	95.3	95.2	95.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	20,225	7,085	13,135	142,035	63,525	78,510
$10,000 to $19,999	21,050	7,585	13,470	161,865	63,410	98,460
$20,000 to $29,999	23,505	8,990	14,515	165,880	68,985	96,895
$30,000 to $39,999	20,835	9,070	11,765	153,680	73,335	80,350
$40,000 to $49,999	18,090	9,005	9,085	116,415	63,755	52,660
$50,000 to $59,999	14,320	8,235	6,090	78,105	46,940	31,160
$60,000 to $69,999	10,580	6,935	3,645	53,870	32,165	21,705
$70,000 to $79,999	8,010	5,400	2,610	31,690	19,680	12,010
$80,000 and over	20,295	15,850	4,450	50,655	36,025	14,630
$80,000 to $89,999	5,950	4,175	1,775	18,025	12,260	5,760
$90,000 to $99,999	3,900	3,030	870	10,325	7,305	3,015
$100,000 and over	10,445	8,640	1,805	22,305	16,460	5,850
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	163,660	81,450	82,205	1,001,305	491,590	509,720
Without employment income	38,110	15,755	22,355	278,525	116,740	161,775
With employment income	125,545	65,695	59,850	722,785	374,845	347,940
Percentage with employment income	76.7	80.7	72.8	72.2	76.3	68.3
Under $5,000 (including loss)	14,880	6,355	8,525	90,045	42,675	47,375
$5,000 to $9,999	8,905	3,585	5,320	54,560	23,875	30,690
$10,000 to $19,999	14,575	5,705	8,870	94,460	41,920	52,535
$20,000 to $29,999	12,665	4,970	7,695	89,540	39,650	49,895
$30,000 to $39,999	12,735	5,275	7,460	88,340	41,905	46,440
$40,000 to $49,999	11,480	5,355	6,125	77,755	40,205	37,550
$50,000 to $59,999	9,805	5,025	4,780	58,900	34,355	24,550
$60,000 to $69,999	8,015	4,820	3,195	44,085	27,115	16,970
$70,000 to $79,999	6,610	4,405	2,200	34,450	21,375	13,075
$80,000 and over	25,885	20,200	5,680	90,650	61,780	28,865
$80,000 to $89,999	5,425	3,765	1,655	28,365	16,860	11,505
$90,000 to $99,999	4,775	3,225	1,545	17,635	11,355	6,275
$100,000 and over	15,680	13,200	2,475	44,650	33,560	11,095
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	80,650	...	...	489,050	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	87,260	...	...	68,147	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	75,297	...	...	59,093	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	19,420	...	...	135,495	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	42,521	...	...	35,846	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	37,528	...	...	31,538	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	61,235	...	...	353,550	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	104,080	...	...	84,532	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	88,940	...	...	72,688	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	80,650	...	...	489,050	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	114,966	...	...	85,373	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	93,688	...	...	70,154	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	19,445	...	...	135,440	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	60,296	...	...	44,208	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	49,291	...	...	36,503	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	61,205	...	...	353,605	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	132,337	...	...	101,140	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	107,795	...	...	83,044	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	80,650	...	...	489,050	...	...
Under $5,000	1,075	...	...	9,250	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	745	...	...	8,175	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	910	...	...	11,450	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	2,040	...	...	18,260	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	3,160	...	...	21,395	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,330	...	...	19,035	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,530	...	...	21,090	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,805	...	...	21,745	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,745	...	...	21,605	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,645	...	...	21,225	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	5,490	...	...	40,240	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	5,205	...	...	37,910	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	5,095	...	...	34,275	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	4,860	...	...	31,555	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	4,565	...	...	27,215	...	...
$100,000 and over	34,460	...	...	144,620	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	9,940	...	...	52,495	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	7,600	...	...	34,595	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	9,090	...	...	34,670	...	...
$200,000 and over	7,825	...	...	22,865	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	80,645	...	...	489,050	...	...
Under $5,000	1,170	...	...	9,725	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	760	...	...	8,315	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	950	...	...	11,860	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	2,140	...	...	19,325	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	3,410	...	...	24,370	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,675	...	...	22,665	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,915	...	...	25,915	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	3,285	...	...	26,725	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	3,435	...	...	25,965	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	3,250	...	...	25,290	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	6,645	...	...	48,610	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	6,375	...	...	44,280	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	6,240	...	...	38,890	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	5,860	...	...	32,370	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	5,170	...	...	26,890	...	...
$100,000 and over	26,365	...	...	97,850	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	10,285	...	...	46,355	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	6,480	...	...	24,795	...	...
$150,000 and over	9,600	...	...	26,705	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	57,815	...	...	341,205	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	102,559	...	...	84,441	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	87,588	...	...	72,563	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	23,160	...	...	127,580	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	94,756	...	...	79,103	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	81,296	...	...	67,596	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	24,790	...	...	150,585	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	126,824	...	...	104,902	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	106,442	...	...	89,307	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	4.1	...	...	4.2	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	8,230	...	...	52,215	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	55,176	...	...	49,922	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	51,194	...	...	46,048	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	57,835	...	...	341,235	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	131,631	...	...	101,410	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	106,983	...	...	83,132	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	23,175	...	...	127,710	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	127,478	...	...	95,583	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	102,114	...	...	77,743	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	24,805	...	...	150,695	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	155,963	...	...	122,176	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	126,789	...	...	99,399	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	8,250	...	...	52,130	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	74,075	...	...	60,006	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	63,618	...	...	52,307	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	30,765	16,300	14,470	175,270	86,935	88,335
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	39,283	46,065	33,629	32,927	35,568	30,818
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	34,992	39,767	30,766	29,429	31,130	28,062
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	30,645	16,060	14,590	174,945	86,380	88,565
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	54,146	64,440	42,815	40,853	43,332	38,434
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	44,663	51,832	36,772	33,961	35,291	32,663
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	204,545	102,505	102,040	1,240,700	614,440	626,260
In the bottom half of the distribution	85,335	40,710	44,615	687,930	332,640	355,290
In the bottom decile	15,775	7,545	8,235	151,750	74,825	76,930
In the second decile	15,435	6,955	8,485	135,485	62,035	73,450
In the third decile	16,920	7,980	8,940	135,395	64,805	70,590
In the fourth decile	17,825	8,615	9,215	132,755	65,185	67,575
In the fifth decile	19,370	9,620	9,745	132,540	65,790	66,750
In the top half of the distribution	119,215	61,795	57,420	552,770	281,805	270,965
In the sixth decile	20,330	10,250	10,080	127,575	64,305	63,265
In the seventh decile	21,375	10,935	10,445	123,505	62,770	60,735
In the eighth decile	23,420	12,145	11,280	116,805	59,460	57,350
In the ninth decile	25,485	13,225	12,260	104,820	53,835	50,980
In the top decile	28,600	15,245	13,360	80,070	41,435	38,640
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	200,525	100,435	100,090	1,175,720	581,585	594,135
0 to 17 years	46,920	24,125	22,790	260,905	134,075	126,830
0 to 5 years	16,015	8,280	7,735	85,935	44,240	41,695
18 to 64 years	129,535	64,820	64,720	737,035	365,965	371,070
65 years and over	24,070	11,490	12,580	177,780	81,540	96,235
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	18,965	8,730	10,235	180,880	85,185	95,690
0 to 17 years	6,055	3,170	2,885	57,185	29,390	27,790
0 to 5 years	2,140	1,125	1,015	21,325	10,970	10,355
18 to 64 years	10,840	4,810	6,035	98,920	46,630	52,285
65 years and over	2,065	750	1,310	24,785	9,165	15,615
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	9.5	8.7	10.2	15.4	14.6	16.1
0 to 17 years (%)	12.9	13.1	12.7	21.9	21.9	21.9
0 to 5 years (%)	13.4	13.6	13.1	24.8	24.8	24.8
18 to 64 years (%)	8.4	7.4	9.3	13.4	12.7	14.1
65 years and over (%)	8.6	6.5	10.4	13.9	11.2	16.2
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	10,265	4,905	5,360	115,965	56,255	59,705
0 to 17 years	3,180	1,680	1,500	33,260	17,040	16,220
0 to 5 years	1,130	590	540	12,310	6,325	5,985
18 to 64 years	6,710	3,060	3,655	73,655	35,895	37,760
65 years and over	375	165	205	9,045	3,325	5,725
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	5.1	4.9	5.4	9.9	9.7	10.0
0 to 17 years (%)	6.8	7.0	6.6	12.7	12.7	12.8
0 to 5 years (%)	7.1	7.1	7.0	14.3	14.3	14.4
18 to 64 years (%)	5.2	4.7	5.6	10.0	9.8	10.2
65 years and over (%)	1.6	1.4	1.6	5.1	4.1	5.9
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	204,550	102,505	102,040	1,240,700	614,440	626,260
Official languages	203,560	102,070	101,490	1,224,985	607,375	617,605
English	203,460	102,030	101,430	1,223,665	606,760	616,905
French	9,550	4,270	5,270	108,560	49,435	59,130
Non-official languages	26,420	12,885	13,540	340,250	165,150	175,100
Aboriginal languages	1,630	785	850	40,465	19,410	21,050
Algonquian languages	1,580	765	820	38,305	18,375	19,930
Blackfoot	20	10	10	10	0	10
Cree-Montagnais languages	1,535	740	795	20,975	10,025	10,955
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	10
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	10	85	25	55
Plains Cree	95	35	65	190	90	100
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	1,140	505	640
Woods Cree	10	0	10	130	65	65
Cree, n.o.s.	1,430	705	725	19,435	9,340	10,095
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	10	10	0
Malecite	0	0	0	10	10	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	10	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	35	20	10	17,710	8,520	9,185
Algonquin	0	0	0	10	0	0
Ojibway	30	20	10	9,685	4,560	5,125
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	8,045	3,975	4,070
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	30	20	15	1,120	525	595
Northern Athabaskan languages	25	15	10	1,110	520	590
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	15	10	10	1,110	520	595
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	10	0	10	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	10	10	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	10	10	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	110	55	55
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	10	10	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	80	35	45
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	15	10
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	15	10	10
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	15	10	10
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	10
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	210	115	95
Salish languages	10	0	10	0	0	10
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	10	0	10
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	10	0	10	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	10	0	10	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	25	15	10	760	365	395
Dakota	20	10	0	760	360	400
Stoney	10	10	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	10	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	10	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	10	0	10
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	35	15	20
Non-Aboriginal languages	24,805	12,105	12,705	299,900	145,795	154,110
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,005	540	470	15,730	8,320	7,410
Berber languages	20	15	10	85	50	40
Kabyle	0	0	0	45	25	20
Berber languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	50	35	10
Cushitic languages	110	50	60	2,300	1,195	1,105
Bilen	0	0	0	210	120	85
Oromo	0	0	10	535	275	260
Somali	105	50	55	1,550	790	760
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	15	10
Semitic languages	885	480	400	13,685	7,300	6,390
Amharic	30	10	20	2,475	1,370	1,105
Arabic	805	445	365	6,650	3,590	3,055
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	15	0	10
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	10	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	10	0
Hebrew	30	25	10	3,370	1,735	1,635
Maltese	0	0	0	65	30	35
Tigrigna	60	35	25	2,225	1,175	1,050
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	155	80	80
Austro-Asiatic languages	365	150	215	5,230	2,545	2,685
Khmer (Cambodian)	150	50	100	335	185	150
Vietnamese	225	105	120	4,905	2,370	2,535
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	7,125	3,270	3,855	65,305	30,220	35,090
Bikol	15	10	15	225	100	125
Cebuano	215	75	140	1,615	805	810
Fijian	0	0	0	65	35	30
Hiligaynon	10	10	0	425	180	245
Ilocano	380	145	230	1,875	880	990
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	75	55	25	375	180	195
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	100	45	55	945	415	530
Pangasinan	20	10	10	205	100	110
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	6,895	3,150	3,745	64,165	29,640	34,520
Waray-Waray	15	10	10	115	55	55
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	25	10	20	200	80	120
Creole languages	75	35	35	1,310	605	705
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	25	10	15
Creole, n.o.s.	50	25	30	635	310	315
Creole languages, n.i.e.	25	15	0	680	305	375
Dravidian languages	240	130	110	1,840	945	895
Kannada	20	10	10	175	95	80
Malayalam	100	60	50	830	400	430
Tamil	115	60	55	655	330	325
Telugu	40	25	20	255	150	110
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	10
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	13,105	6,570	6,535	175,950	86,435	89,510
Albanian	0	0	0	390	195	195
Armenian	10	10	0	65	50	15
Balto-Slavic languages	2,275	1,120	1,155	39,530	18,780	20,745
Baltic languages	40	20	20	230	90	140
Latvian	25	15	10	115	45	70
Lithuanian	10	0	10	120	50	65
Slavic languages	2,240	1,105	1,135	39,360	18,720	20,640
Belarusan	10	10	0	65	25	45
Bosnian	75	30	40	835	405	430
Bulgarian	15	15	0	155	95	60
Croatian	150	60	90	1,595	765	825
Czech	45	20	25	735	335	395
Macedonian	0	0	0	140	75	60
Polish	305	135	170	7,655	3,625	4,035
Russian	945	505	445	13,455	6,715	6,740
Serbian	125	55	75	870	470	400
Serbo-Croatian	25	10	20	190	75	115
Slovak	25	10	20	480	215	260
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	275	100	175
Ukrainian	960	515	450	17,095	7,795	9,305
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	70	35	30
Celtic languages	35	25	15	225	125	100
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	90	65	25
Welsh	30	15	10	90	45	45
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	45	15	25
Germanic languages	4,790	2,430	2,355	68,285	33,250	35,035
Afrikaans	375	180	195	715	330	385
Danish	185	80	110	270	120	150
Dutch	1,700	875	825	3,120	1,555	1,565
Frisian	65	45	15	90	65	30
German	2,515	1,320	1,195	61,760	30,170	31,600
Icelandic	0	0	0	560	225	335
Norwegian	35	10	30	290	115	175
Swedish	65	30	45	270	125	150
Vlaams (Flemish)	30	15	20	270	120	155
Yiddish	10	0	0	545	235	315
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	10	2,490	1,285	1,205
Greek	110	55	55	2,010	1,015	1,000
Indo-Iranian languages	1,780	970	810	38,760	20,480	18,280
Indo-Aryan languages	1,380	755	625	35,830	18,990	16,835
Bengali	110	55	55	1,520	885	635
Gujarati	95	50	50	3,905	2,065	1,840
Hindi	555	315	245	12,900	6,900	6,000
Kashmiri	0	10	0	20	15	10
Konkani	10	10	10	40	30	10
Marathi	15	10	10	275	170	105
Nepali	15	10	10	600	285	315
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	15	10	10
Punjabi (Panjabi)	455	250	210	22,900	12,035	10,865
Sindhi	20	15	0	150	85	65
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	125	70	55	920	500	420
Urdu	325	185	135	4,600	2,540	2,060
Iranian languages	405	225	185	3,035	1,525	1,515
Kurdish	0	0	0	600	295	305
Pashto	65	30	35	290	135	150
Persian (Farsi)	360	195	160	2,295	1,175	1,120
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	230	125	105
Italic (Romance) languages	4,430	2,135	2,295	34,360	16,630	17,735
Catalan	0	0	0	15	10	10
Italian	280	140	140	5,350	2,610	2,735
Portuguese	185	80	110	8,460	4,125	4,335
Romanian	240	125	115	785	395	390
Spanish	3,820	1,850	1,975	20,605	9,910	10,695
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	0	15	60	45	15
Japanese	200	100	100	1,160	550	605
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	10	0	15
Georgian	0	0	0	15	0	15
Korean	450	225	225	4,240	2,100	2,145
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	55	20	35
Mongolian	0	0	0	55	20	30
Niger-Congo languages	545	270	275	7,970	4,125	3,845
Akan (Twi)	110	40	65	260	165	95
Bamanankan	0	0	0	160	95	65
Edo	0	0	0	95	60	30
Ewe	0	0	0	50	30	20
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	50	25	25
Ga	20	10	10	30	10	15
Ganda	0	0	10	230	110	120
Igbo	145	70	75	665	345	325
Lingala	15	10	10	655	315	345
Rundi (Kirundi)	10	10	0	205	105	105
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	10	0	305	155	155
Shona	15	10	0	250	110	140
Swahili	100	60	45	1,930	1,020	905
Wolof	0	0	0	150	85	70
Yoruba	65	30	35	2,630	1,330	1,295
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	125	70	55	1,440	765	680
Nilo-Saharan languages	65	35	25	410	225	185
Dinka	65	35	30	180	105	75
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	225	120	105
Sign languages	320	145	175	2,670	985	1,685
American Sign Language	135	60	80	1,710	625	1,090
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	185	85	100	975	365	610
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,205	580	620	21,130	10,490	10,650
Chinese languages	1,165	565	600	20,475	10,185	10,285
Cantonese	710	345	365	8,310	3,920	4,390
Hakka	15	15	0	50	30	20
Mandarin	475	210	265	12,825	6,460	6,365
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	0	10	480	230	250
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	185	95	85
Chinese, n.o.s.	70	40	30	1,115	600	510
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	35	20	15	675	310	370
Burmese	10	0	0	185	115	70
Karenic languages	25	15	10	465	200	265
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	145	60	80
Tai-Kadai languages	185	75	110	1,565	730	835
Lao	65	30	30	1,120	520	600
Thai	120	40	80	575	270	305
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Turkic languages	25	10	10	510	250	265
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	50	25	30
Turkish	0	0	0	365	180	185
Uyghur	0	0	0	30	15	10
Uzbek	20	10	10	40	20	15
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	45	15	30
Uralic languages	245	125	120	1,550	730	815
Estonian	25	0	15	45	20	25
Finnish	60	30	35	265	105	160
Hungarian	165	95	70	1,235	600	635
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	95	55	40	445	290	150
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	204,550	102,510	102,040	1,240,700	614,440	626,260
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	192,950	96,860	96,085	1,133,080	560,165	572,920
Canadian citizens aged under 18	46,510	23,965	22,550	266,225	136,640	129,585
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	146,440	72,900	73,540	866,855	423,520	443,335
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	11,595	5,645	5,950	107,620	54,280	53,340
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	204,545	102,510	102,040	1,240,700	614,445	626,255
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	180,735	90,895	89,845	996,860	494,285	502,570
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	21,800	10,615	11,180	227,465	111,095	116,365
Before 1981	4,485	2,140	2,345	50,025	23,340	26,680
1981 to 1990	1,825	885	940	20,205	10,190	10,010
1991 to 2000	2,730	1,310	1,415	23,040	11,165	11,875
2001 to 2010	6,155	2,995	3,160	70,985	35,305	35,680
2001 to 2005	2,200	1,100	1,105	22,570	11,195	11,370
2006 to 2010	3,955	1,900	2,060	48,415	24,110	24,305
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	6,600	3,285	3,315	63,210	31,095	32,120
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	2,010	995	1,015	16,375	9,055	7,320
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	21,800	10,620	11,185	227,470	111,100	116,370
Under 5 years	2,130	1,040	1,090	25,595	12,975	12,625
5 to 14 years	4,580	2,435	2,145	45,570	23,305	22,265
15 to 24 years	4,140	1,965	2,175	44,585	20,820	23,770
25 to 44 years	9,450	4,425	5,025	93,700	45,160	48,540
45 years and over	1,505	750	755	18,010	8,845	9,170
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	21,800	10,620	11,185	227,465	111,095	116,365
Americas	3,525	1,595	1,930	31,980	15,285	16,700
Brazil	40	10	30	435	170	265
Colombia	360	170	190	1,050	510	545
El Salvador	655	345	300	2,480	1,325	1,155
Guyana	65	30	40	1,135	515	620
Haiti	65	25	40	155	75	80
Jamaica	60	30	30	1,810	835	970
Mexico	210	90	120	6,655	3,330	3,320
Peru	45	15	25	235	85	150
Trinidad and Tobago	60	15	40	1,505	785	720
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	1,375	540	840	7,100	3,100	4,000
Other places of birth in Americas	590	330	260	9,425	4,550	4,875
Europe	6,875	3,425	3,450	56,705	27,815	28,890
Bosnia and Herzegovina	100	30	70	1,055	530	525
Croatia	65	25	35	975	445	535
France	45	20	25	795	425	365
Germany	710	345	365	10,390	5,215	5,175
Greece	75	40	35	820	445	375
Hungary	75	40	35	815	435	375
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	85	60	25	650	310	340
Italy	85	35	50	2,755	1,405	1,350
Netherlands	1,380	735	650	2,250	1,185	1,060
Poland	210	105	105	5,280	2,455	2,820
Portugal	55	35	25	4,380	2,170	2,210
Romania	215	120	95	720	345	375
Russian Federation	230	95	135	4,245	2,035	2,210
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	30	25	10	355	175	175
Ukraine	470	270	200	4,765	2,250	2,515
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	2,305	1,085	1,220	11,665	5,655	6,015
Other places of birth in Europe	740	360	385	4,790	2,325	2,470
Africa	1,515	825	690	17,975	9,495	8,485
Algeria	30	15	15	115	60	55
Egypt	75	50	30	980	525	455
Ethiopia	40	20	20	2,525	1,360	1,165
Kenya	35	20	15	935	470	465
Morocco	20	15	0	250	140	110
Nigeria	210	115	100	3,820	2,070	1,750
Somalia	70	40	25	755	350	415
South Africa, Republic of	370	185	190	975	465	505
Other places of birth in Africa	675	375	305	7,630	4,055	3,570
Asia	9,645	4,655	4,990	120,230	58,215	62,015
Afghanistan	180	105	75	615	285	330
Bangladesh	65	35	25	880	475	400
China^{Census data footnote 59}	520	245	275	9,250	4,460	4,790
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	150	75	70	1,460	715	735
India	700	405	295	21,990	11,395	10,595
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	75	35	35	1,180	655	530
Iraq	20	10	10	860	460	400
Japan	35	0	40	225	70	150
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	315	160	155	2,880	1,415	1,470
Lebanon	85	40	40	265	165	100
Pakistan	280	160	125	3,125	1,675	1,450
Philippines	5,995	2,785	3,205	61,950	28,800	33,150
Sri Lanka	120	75	50	1,015	515	505
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	190	90	100	805	390	410
Taiwan	0	0	10	215	110	110
Viet Nam	275	135	145	4,225	2,035	2,185
Other places of birth in Asia	645	300	345	9,285	4,590	4,695
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	240	120	125	575	290	280
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	6,605	3,285	3,315	63,210	31,095	32,115
Americas	600	285	320	4,130	1,840	2,290
Brazil	15	10	10	100	35	65
Colombia	60	25	30	185	70	120
Cuba	0	10	0	75	25	55
Haiti	20	10	10	15	10	0
Jamaica	10	0	10	340	175	165
Mexico	100	45	55	875	415	465
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	140	65	75	970	445	525
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	10	0	0	75	30	40
Other places of birth in Americas	250	135	120	1,490	640	850
Europe	840	490	350	5,155	2,650	2,505
France	0	0	10	135	70	75
Germany	35	20	15	580	310	265
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	25	20	10	135	80	60
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	25	10	15	160	85	70
Romania	55	25	30	70	30	35
Russian Federation	35	10	20	1,145	530	610
Ukraine	355	210	150	1,320	670	650
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	175	115	60	550	290	265
Other places of birth in Europe	135	80	55	1,060	590	470
Africa	425	205	220	7,860	4,120	3,735
Algeria	0	0	0	20	10	10
Cameroon	55	25	30	65	45	20
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	740	360	380
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	95	35	60
Egypt	25	25	0	415	220	190
Eritrea	15	10	10	795	430	360
Ethiopia	20	10	15	810	425	380
Morocco	0	0	0	70	30	35
Nigeria	115	60	55	2,630	1,415	1,215
Somalia	10	10	10	385	160	215
South Africa, Republic of	75	35	40	225	110	120
Tunisia	0	0	0	65	45	20
Other places of birth in Africa	95	40	50	1,555	820	735
Asia	4,690	2,265	2,420	45,915	22,395	23,520
Afghanistan	70	25	45	60	35	25
Bangladesh	10	0	10	360	195	170
China^{Census data footnote 59}	85	25	60	3,390	1,635	1,760
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	10	0	0	185	105	80
India	290	180	105	10,915	5,675	5,240
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	10	0	10	425	230	195
Iraq	0	0	0	330	175	155
Israel	0	0	0	595	340	260
Japan	0	0	0	45	25	25
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	85	45	35	1,300	665	640
Lebanon	10	0	10	140	100	35
Nepal	15	10	10	210	70	140
Pakistan	45	25	25	1,535	800	735
Philippines	3,625	1,740	1,885	22,885	10,645	12,245
Saudi Arabia	15	0	15	325	145	180
Sri Lanka	50	25	30	250	140	115
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	180	85	95	635	325	310
Taiwan	0	0	0	20	0	10
Turkey	0	0	0	40	30	10
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	110	55	55
Viet Nam	20	10	10	495	220	275
Other places of birth in Asia	180	95	85	1,650	785	870
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	45	35	10	150	80	70
Australia	0	10	0	80	25	60
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	35	25	10	65	55	15
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	204,545	102,505	102,040	1,240,695	614,440	626,260
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	24,730	12,065	12,670	249,625	123,035	126,585
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	29,585	14,545	15,030	197,530	97,135	100,395
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	150,235	75,895	74,340	793,545	394,265	399,280
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	17,550	8,580	8,975	180,810	89,380	91,425
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	11,240	5,685	5,555	119,845	60,680	59,165
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	4,340	2,670	1,675	44,415	27,435	16,980
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	6,900	3,015	3,885	75,430	33,250	42,185
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	4,115	1,690	2,420	39,875	17,355	22,525
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	2,060	1,130	925	20,550	11,155	9,395
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	140	75	65	540	195	345
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	204,550	102,505	102,040	1,240,700	614,440	626,260
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	14,695	7,215	7,485	223,310	108,495	114,815
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	14,435	7,080	7,355	220,470	107,145	113,330
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	8,130	4,035	4,095	130,510	62,955	67,550
Métis	6,185	2,970	3,220	89,355	43,895	45,465
Inuk (Inuit)	125	70	50	610	295	310
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	150	95	55	2,020	985	1,030
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	110	35	70	820	365	450
Non-Aboriginal identity	189,855	95,295	94,560	1,017,385	505,945	511,445
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	204,550	102,510	102,040	1,240,700	614,440	626,255
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	7,165	3,505	3,665	127,250	61,300	65,950
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	197,380	99,010	98,375	1,113,450	553,140	560,305
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	204,550	102,510	102,040	1,240,700	614,440	626,255
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	5,995	3,065	2,925	110,630	53,980	56,645
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	5,915	3,025	2,890	108,055	52,775	55,285
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	5,130	2,630	2,500	93,070	45,490	47,580
Métis single ancestry	755	380	375	14,835	7,210	7,625
Inuit single ancestry	35	20	15	155	75	80
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	75	40	35	2,570	1,205	1,365
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	70	35	35	2,495	1,160	1,335
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	50	30	15
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	10	0	15	10	10
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	10	10	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	12,450	5,920	6,530	114,605	55,480	59,120
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	11,995	5,705	6,295	107,535	52,250	55,285
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	6,680	3,090	3,590	40,265	19,440	20,820
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	5,200	2,550	2,650	66,810	32,600	34,215
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	120	60	60	460	210	250
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	460	220	235	7,070	3,235	3,835
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	420	200	215	6,800	3,100	3,705
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	20	10	10	120	65	55
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	20	10	10	130	55	80
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	10	10	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	186,100	93,515	92,585	1,015,465	504,980	510,485
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	204,545	102,505	102,040	1,240,700	614,440	626,260
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	19,165	9,340	9,830	216,850	108,315	108,530
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	2,080	1,120	960	42,060	22,200	19,855
Chinese	1,680	825	855	22,540	11,340	11,195
Black	2,455	1,205	1,250	30,335	15,790	14,550
Filipino	7,800	3,635	4,160	79,815	37,935	41,885
Latin American	2,075	1,075	1,000	9,895	4,840	5,050
Arab	510	265	240	5,030	2,705	2,325
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	800	340	455	8,565	4,155	4,410
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	445	230	215	2,695	1,420	1,270
Korean	470	235	235	4,375	2,195	2,180
Japanese	270	130	140	1,850	880	975
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	130	75	65	3,195	1,610	1,590
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	460	200	255	6,485	3,235	3,250
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	185,380	93,170	92,210	1,023,850	506,125	517,725
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	204,545	102,510	102,040	1,240,700	614,440	626,255
North American Aboriginal origins	18,445	8,990	9,460	225,230	109,465	115,770
First Nations (North American Indian)	12,315	5,970	6,350	142,820	69,305	73,510
Inuit	190	100	90	955	460	500
Métis	6,465	3,180	3,285	91,120	44,150	46,970
Other North American origins	60,605	30,890	29,715	247,670	123,075	124,600
Acadian	185	100	85	645	325	320
American	4,425	2,140	2,280	9,220	4,605	4,615
Canadian	57,530	29,355	28,175	240,835	119,610	121,225
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	10	0	10
Newfoundlander	130	65	65	215	130	90
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	20	15	0
Ontarian	15	0	15	20	20	0
Québécois	40	15	25	280	150	125
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	0	0	0	30	10	25
European origins	151,275	75,120	76,155	826,210	406,770	419,445
British Isles origins	99,340	48,580	50,760	421,515	206,840	214,675
Channel Islander	0	0	0	45	25	25
Cornish	0	0	10	85	45	40
English	57,640	27,775	29,860	245,960	119,975	125,985
Irish	35,840	16,915	18,920	156,145	74,290	81,850
Manx	35	15	25	200	100	100
Scottish	44,630	21,945	22,680	208,065	100,790	107,265
Welsh	5,435	2,560	2,885	17,760	8,575	9,180
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	4,505	2,085	2,415	19,610	9,260	10,355
French origins	21,840	10,620	11,220	148,810	72,060	76,750
Alsatian	0	0	0	20	15	15
Breton	0	0	0	120	40	75
Corsican	0	0	0	0	10	0
French	21,835	10,620	11,220	148,740	72,020	76,720
Western European origins (except French origins)	59,410	29,065	30,340	286,985	141,285	145,705
Austrian	1,660	850	810	12,325	6,190	6,135
Bavarian	0	0	0	15	10	0
Belgian	1,135	565	570	21,510	10,495	11,020
Dutch	14,200	7,085	7,110	55,525	27,375	28,150
Flemish	185	95	95	965	445	515
Frisian	30	20	10	140	75	55
German	45,715	22,180	23,535	220,735	108,650	112,080
Luxembourger	10	0	10	155	65	90
Swiss	1,710	765	945	5,475	2,660	2,810
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	90	35	55	140	65	75
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	25,175	11,925	13,250	80,295	38,580	41,720
Danish	4,985	2,395	2,590	7,895	3,850	4,050
Finnish	1,475	755	720	4,000	1,905	2,095
Icelandic	1,700	835	860	31,090	15,265	15,825
Norwegian	12,170	5,570	6,600	19,600	9,145	10,455
Swedish	7,095	3,395	3,700	22,470	10,530	11,945
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	1,005	515	485	2,540	1,260	1,285
Eastern European origins	33,355	16,375	16,985	287,695	141,310	146,380
Bulgarian	70	45	30	330	190	145
Byelorussian	75	40	30	885	430	455
Czech	955	450	505	4,590	2,165	2,425
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	705	320	380	2,155	1,120	1,040
Estonian	270	135	135	190	80	115
Hungarian	3,245	1,570	1,675	10,120	4,990	5,125
Latvian	155	75	80	1,365	655	715
Lithuanian	170	80	90	1,455	750	705
Moldovan	55	20	40	325	170	160
Polish	8,025	3,875	4,150	88,090	42,670	45,420
Romanian	1,580	785	795	5,835	2,790	3,045
Russian	6,080	2,975	3,105	58,225	28,625	29,605
Slovak	260	115	145	2,190	1,055	1,135
Ukrainian	17,080	8,485	8,595	180,055	88,615	91,445
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	75	45	30	895	415	480
Southern European origins	7,600	3,620	3,980	59,915	29,445	30,470
Albanian	15	15	10	415	220	195
Bosnian	85	30	60	1,030	505	520
Catalan	0	0	0	15	0	15
Croatian	340	145	190	2,930	1,430	1,500
Cypriot	0	10	0	45	25	15
Greek	525	280	245	4,130	2,070	2,060
Italian	3,930	1,875	2,055	23,210	11,675	11,530
Kosovar	0	0	0	45	20	25
Macedonian	10	0	10	225	120	110
Maltese	75	40	35	360	165	195
Montenegrin	0	0	0	40	10	30
Portuguese	555	240	310	14,540	7,215	7,320
Serbian	160	75	85	1,240	660	580
Sicilian	20	15	0	235	110	125
Slovenian	70	30	45	1,005	485	520
Spanish	1,870	895	970	12,625	5,680	6,945
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	215	100	115	1,060	540	525
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	0	0	0	65	40	30
Other European origins	1,075	640	435	10,950	5,550	5,400
Basque	15	20	0	100	65	35
Jewish	265	125	135	8,455	4,250	4,200
Roma (Gypsy)	55	20	35	155	70	85
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	40	15	25	185	100	85
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	695	465	235	2,130	1,090	1,040
Caribbean origins	835	415	415	10,805	5,355	5,450
Antiguan	0	0	0	60	20	40
Bahamian	0	0	0	60	35	25
Barbadian	90	60	40	740	390	350
Bermudan	0	0	0	40	30	15
Carib	0	0	0	65	30	40
Cuban	50	30	25	340	155	190
Dominican	60	35	25	275	145	135
Grenadian	0	0	0	160	85	80
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	125	70	55	235	90	150
Jamaican	330	130	195	4,585	2,250	2,335
Kittitian/Nevisian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Martinican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montserratan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	20	10	10	70	25	45
St. Lucian	30	15	15	30	20	15
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	85	55	30	2,395	1,240	1,160
Vincentian/Grenadinian	0	0	0	190	90	105
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	30	0	25	1,465	705	760
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	50	30	20	665	360	305
Latin, Central and South American origins	2,650	1,325	1,325	23,115	11,555	11,565
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	80	50	35	650	330	320
Arawak	0	0	0	10	10	10
Argentinian	45	10	35	475	230	245
Belizean	10	0	10	200	105	100
Bolivian	15	10	0	300	160	140
Brazilian	55	10	45	830	375	455
Chilean	145	75	65	1,520	720	795
Colombian	490	235	255	1,400	680	715
Costa Rican	30	15	15	65	40	25
Ecuadorian	15	10	0	125	70	55
Guatemalan	110	70	40	505	240	260
Guyanese	70	30	40	1,485	770	715
Hispanic	90	50	40	425	210	220
Honduran	55	20	35	520	245	280
Maya	20	10	10	220	135	80
Mexican	595	260	340	8,790	4,440	4,350
Nicaraguan	60	40	20	370	200	170
Panamanian	0	0	0	50	10	40
Paraguayan	15	10	10	2,080	1,070	1,010
Peruvian	55	30	25	350	130	225
Salvadorean	675	360	315	2,735	1,425	1,315
Uruguayan	0	0	0	35	10	20
Venezuelan	30	15	10	240	95	150
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	140	85	60	1,045	525	520
African origins	2,630	1,315	1,315	28,860	14,980	13,885
Central and West African origins	675	345	335	8,665	4,585	4,085
Akan	0	0	0	35	10	25
Angolan	0	0	0	10	10	0
Ashanti	10	0	10	25	10	10
Beninese	0	0	0	55	45	0
Burkinabe	0	0	0	20	10	10
Cameroonian	105	55	50	145	80	70
Chadian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Congolese	25	20	10	1,575	785	790
Edo	0	0	0	130	85	45
Ewe	0	0	0	15	10	10
Gabonese	0	0	0	25	20	10
Gambian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Ghanaian	125	65	60	380	220	170
Guinean	10	0	0	70	20	50
Ibo	105	45	60	435	205	225
Ivorian	0	0	0	120	45	75
Liberian	10	0	10	80	20	55
Malian	0	0	0	140	85	55
Malinké	0	0	0	35	20	10
Nigerian	270	140	135	3,860	2,130	1,735
Peulh	0	0	0	25	15	15
Senegalese	0	0	0	115	70	40
Sierra Leonean	25	10	10	320	155	165
Togolese	0	0	0	115	60	55
Wolof	0	0	0	25	10	15
Yoruba	25	10	15	1,050	540	510
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	35	15	15	545	260	285
North African origins	435	235	200	3,690	1,980	1,705
Algerian	40	20	20	100	35	60
Berber	35	25	10	150	90	55
Coptic	0	0	0	85	45	40
Dinka	45	30	20	30	25	10
Egyptian	110	55	60	1,335	720	620
Libyan	30	10	20	360	175	185
Maure	0	0	0	100	70	30
Moroccan	25	20	10	350	190	160
Sudanese	150	75	75	1,075	580	500
Tunisian	0	0	10	130	65	60
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	0	0	0	75	40	35
Southern and East African origins	830	395	435	10,500	5,420	5,080
Afrikaner	20	10	10	65	40	30
Amhara	10	10	10	140	100	45
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	0	0	0	150	90	65
Burundian	20	15	0	235	110	125
Djiboutian	0	0	0	45	30	15
Eritrean	45	15	30	2,300	1,240	1,055
Ethiopian	45	15	25	2,900	1,505	1,395
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	30	15	15	335	165	170
Malagasy	0	0	0	25	15	10
Mauritian	15	15	0	245	125	115
Oromo	0	0	0	325	185	140
Rwandan	10	10	0	300	145	155
Seychellois	0	0	0	45	20	30
Somali	120	55	65	1,740	900	845
South African	405	175	225	730	310	420
Tanzanian	30	15	20	90	55	30
Tigrian	0	0	0	320	200	120
Ugandan	0	0	0	255	125	130
Zambian	0	0	0	200	95	110
Zimbabwean	40	25	10	310	150	160
Zulu	15	10	10	30	15	10
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	80	35	50	440	230	210
Other African origins	725	355	370	6,670	3,350	3,325
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	85	45	40	825	405	415
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	645	315	330	5,925	2,965	2,965
Asian origins	15,265	7,375	7,890	178,655	88,885	89,765
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	1,330	695	630	11,850	6,130	5,715
Afghan	335	165	165	1,010	485	530
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	125	50	70	1,755	975	785
Armenian	20	10	10	495	250	250
Assyrian	0	0	0	40	30	10
Azerbaijani	10	0	10	55	35	20
Georgian	20	15	10	110	60	45
Hazara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian	130	65	60	1,885	1,015	870
Iraqi	0	0	0	925	480	450
Israeli	25	25	0	775	410	360
Jordanian	10	0	10	235	100	135
Kazakh	25	10	15	335	185	145
Kurd	0	0	0	305	145	160
Kuwaiti	10	0	0	40	20	25
Kyrgyz	10	0	10	45	30	20
Lebanese	250	135	115	1,375	700	675
Palestinian	55	30	20	620	340	275
Pashtun	0	0	0	65	25	40
Saudi Arabian	0	0	0	170	95	70
Syrian	215	110	105	1,115	535	580
Tajik	0	0	0	55	20	40
Tatar	0	0	0	310	155	155
Turk	70	45	30	655	315	340
Turkmen	0	0	0	10	0	0
Uighur	0	0	0	10	10	0
Uzbek	15	10	0	70	45	20
Yemeni	0	0	0	100	45	55
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	35	10	25	305	145	155
South Asian origins	2,135	1,140	1,000	43,155	22,710	20,440
Bangladeshi	55	35	25	880	500	385
Bengali	0	0	0	200	115	85
Bhutanese	0	0	0	140	55	85
East Indian	1,550	820	730	34,470	18,110	16,355
Goan	0	0	0	50	30	30
Gujarati	0	0	0	220	120	100
Kashmiri	0	0	0	30	10	15
Nepali	15	0	0	500	250	250
Pakistani	240	125	115	3,370	1,795	1,575
Punjabi	125	55	75	3,830	1,995	1,840
Sinhalese	0	0	0	280	145	135
Sri Lankan	140	80	55	1,090	545	545
Tamil	0	0	0	245	145	105
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	70	50	20	725	415	305
East and Southeast Asian origins	11,775	5,545	6,225	124,100	60,175	63,925
Burmese	10	0	0	260	125	135
Cambodian (Khmer)	175	65	110	525	280	240
Chinese	2,485	1,155	1,330	30,150	14,980	15,170
Filipino	8,150	3,810	4,345	83,530	39,955	43,580
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	85	45	35	530	265	265
Japanese	395	180	215	2,675	1,305	1,365
Karen	20	15	10	455	195	255
Korean	475	235	245	4,545	2,300	2,240
Laotian	70	45	25	1,730	820	910
Malaysian	20	10	10	470	240	230
Mongolian	20	15	10	150	60	90
Singaporean	15	0	0	20	10	10
Taiwanese	0	0	10	150	90	60
Thai	155	70	85	750	335	420
Tibetan	0	0	0	15	10	10
Vietnamese	370	150	215	5,850	2,915	2,935
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	0	0	0	145	70	80
Other Asian origins	100	40	60	575	320	260
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	95	35	60	575	320	260
Oceania origins	600	270	330	1,525	740	785
Australian	310	155	155	910	415	495
New Zealander	185	75	110	315	170	140
Pacific Islands origins	120	55	65	345	180	165
Fijian	50	15	30	80	45	30
Hawaiian	10	0	0	60	30	30
Maori	35	15	20	55	30	25
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	0	0	0	95	45	45
Samoan	25	15	10	25	0	15
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	10	10	10	65	30	35
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	80,650	...	...	489,050	...	...
Owner	58,350	...	...	336,170	...	...
Renter	21,400	...	...	140,260	...	...
Band housing	895	...	...	12,620	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	80,650	...	...	489,050	...	...
Condominium	7,805	...	...	33,325	...	...
Not condominium	72,850	...	...	455,725	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	80,645	...	...	489,050	...	...
No bedrooms	235	...	...	3,745	...	...
1 bedroom	5,665	...	...	63,040	...	...
2 bedrooms	16,710	...	...	121,520	...	...
3 bedrooms	26,500	...	...	175,500	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	31,535	...	...	125,240	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	80,645	...	...	489,050	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	15,550	...	...	132,410	...	...
5 rooms	12,545	...	...	82,935	...	...
6 rooms	11,640	...	...	78,750	...	...
7 rooms	11,370	...	...	64,560	...	...
8 or more rooms	29,550	...	...	130,400	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.8	...	...	6.1	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	80,650	...	...	489,050	...	...
One person or fewer per room	79,605	...	...	473,625	...	...
More than 1 person per room	1,045	...	...	15,420	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	80,650	...	...	489,050	...	...
Suitable	78,145	...	...	456,365	...	...
Not suitable	2,505	...	...	32,680	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	80,650	...	...	489,050	...	...
1960 or before	8,595	...	...	142,200	...	...
1961 to 1980	20,425	...	...	158,180	...	...
1981 to 1990	10,765	...	...	65,190	...	...
1991 to 2000	12,255	...	...	42,740	...	...
2001 to 2005	9,655	...	...	20,815	...	...
2006 to 2010	10,780	...	...	27,880	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	8,180	...	...	32,035	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	80,650	...	...	489,050	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	75,860	...	...	444,995	...	...
Major repairs needed	4,785	...	...	44,055	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	80,650	...	...	489,050	...	...
1 household maintainer	47,035	...	...	290,830	...	...
2 household maintainers	31,580	...	...	187,775	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	2,035	...	...	10,445	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	80,650	...	...	489,050	...	...
15 to 24 years	3,335	...	...	17,240	...	...
25 to 34 years	14,805	...	...	74,950	...	...
35 to 44 years	15,245	...	...	84,800	...	...
45 to 54 years	15,685	...	...	95,135	...	...
55 to 64 years	15,790	...	...	96,255	...	...
65 to 74 years	9,300	...	...	67,475	...	...
75 to 84 years	5,060	...	...	37,760	...	...
85 years and over	1,425	...	...	15,440	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	76,585	...	...	461,870	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	61,015	...	...	373,860	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	15,565	...	...	88,010	...	...
30% to less than 100%	13,650	...	...	76,075	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	55,575	...	...	324,120	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	65.5	...	...	60.4	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	14.0	...	...	11.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,420	...	...	973	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,416	...	...	1,085	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	348,201	...	...	275,473	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	385,305	...	...	297,444	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	21,295	...	...	138,905	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	9.6	...	...	19.4	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	36.8	...	...	36.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,152	...	...	868	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,181	...	...	891	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	163,660	81,455	82,205	1,001,305	491,580	509,725
No certificate, diploma or degree	31,520	17,215	14,300	220,390	116,570	103,820
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	50,380	24,830	25,550	296,355	147,040	149,320
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	81,755	39,400	42,355	484,555	227,975	256,585
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	20,965	16,450	4,515	77,000	54,090	22,910
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	5,620	3,270	2,345	37,490	21,985	15,500
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	15,345	13,180	2,170	39,515	32,110	7,410
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	34,655	12,470	22,185	177,620	72,785	104,840
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	4,345	1,500	2,840	28,940	12,075	16,860
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	21,790	8,985	12,810	200,990	89,020	111,970
Bachelor's degree	16,295	6,130	10,165	143,780	61,350	82,430
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,190	560	630	16,040	6,675	9,365
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	815	565	250	6,105	3,515	2,595
Master's degree	3,115	1,520	1,595	29,305	13,830	15,470
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	370	205	160	5,765	3,645	2,115
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	113,640	56,475	57,165	654,670	323,300	331,370
No certificate, diploma or degree	14,815	8,480	6,330	94,310	54,700	39,610
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	33,325	16,645	16,680	182,335	93,000	89,330
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	65,500	31,345	34,160	378,030	175,595	202,435
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	16,375	13,080	3,300	53,800	38,185	15,620
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	4,100	2,475	1,625	25,955	15,460	10,490
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	12,275	10,600	1,670	27,850	22,725	5,125
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	27,810	9,875	17,935	137,930	57,445	80,485
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,245	1,250	1,995	21,215	8,995	12,220
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	18,070	7,140	10,930	165,085	70,970	94,115
Bachelor's degree	13,555	4,995	8,560	119,150	50,120	69,035
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	960	415	550	12,185	4,840	7,350
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	690	460	235	5,075	2,705	2,370
Master's degree	2,630	1,160	1,475	24,410	10,815	13,595
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	235	120	110	4,270	2,495	1,770
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	163,655	81,450	82,205	1,001,305	491,585	509,725
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	81,900	42,050	39,850	516,750	263,605	253,140
Education	6,560	1,510	5,050	44,855	11,705	33,145
13. Education	6,560	1,515	5,050	44,855	11,710	33,145
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,740	740	1,000	13,170	6,230	6,940
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	310	220	90	2,415	1,860	550
50. Visual and performing arts	1,430	525	905	10,755	4,365	6,390
Humanities	2,300	1,020	1,280	23,030	9,915	13,110
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	130	25	105	1,775	400	1,380
23. English language and literature/letters	415	105	310	3,905	1,110	2,795
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	475	155	325	7,065	2,820	4,240
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	0	0	0	60	25	30
38. Philosophy and religious studies	205	115	85	1,590	940	650
39. Theology and religious vocations	825	475	350	4,510	2,590	1,925
54. History	210	130	80	3,410	1,855	1,555
55. French language and literature/letters	35	15	20	705	175	530
Social and behavioural sciences and law	5,595	1,350	4,240	46,555	15,805	30,750
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	85	10	80	880	220	660
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	485	210	275	3,115	1,225	1,890
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,665	80	1,585	10,760	795	9,965
22. Legal professions and studies	1,155	245	915	7,130	2,365	4,760
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	95	25	65	955	305	650
42. Psychology	925	220	710	8,155	2,385	5,770
45. Social sciences	1,175	575	600	15,565	8,510	7,055
Business, management and public administration	14,710	3,975	10,735	95,115	34,865	60,255
30.16 Accounting and computer science	40	0	40	320	105	210
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,285	225	1,060	7,670	1,875	5,790
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	13,385	3,750	9,635	87,125	32,875	54,250
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,600	790	805	16,120	8,165	7,950
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	520	210	305	6,625	2,990	3,640
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	380	185	195	4,325	2,285	2,040
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	20	10	15	470	70	395
40. Physical sciences	335	195	140	3,685	2,585	1,095
41. Science technologies/technicians	350	200	150	1,020	240	780
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,605	840	760	18,425	11,380	7,050
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,325	765	565	15,225	10,050	5,175
25. Library science	130	0	125	1,140	175	965
27. Mathematics and statistics	145	75	70	1,945	1,080	865
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	0	0	0	120	75	40
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	23,170	21,665	1,500	96,625	89,275	7,350
04. Architecture and related services	305	165	140	2,420	1,380	1,040
14. Engineering	2,025	1,675	345	16,205	13,530	2,675
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	3,945	3,540	400	17,815	15,975	1,845
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	6,240	6,060	180	22,160	21,705	450
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	7,180	6,895	290	27,485	26,650	830
48. Precision production	3,475	3,330	145	10,530	10,030	505
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	3,360	2,225	1,145	14,540	10,260	4,275
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	2,695	1,800	895	11,380	8,280	3,100
03. Natural resources and conservation	675	425	250	3,160	1,980	1,180
Health and related fields	15,240	2,700	12,540	87,795	16,505	71,290
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	945	400	545	4,105	1,945	2,155
51. Health professions and related programs	14,135	2,180	11,955	81,865	13,450	68,415
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	155	120	35	1,825	1,110	715
Personal, protective and transportation services	5,880	2,575	3,305	28,275	13,845	14,435
12. Personal and culinary services	3,700	720	2,980	16,750	4,095	12,655
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	10	0	90	85	10
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	25	20	10	240	230	10
43. Security and protective services	875	605	275	5,005	3,680	1,330
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,270	1,225	50	6,185	5,750	435
Other	0	0	0	60	30	35
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	0	0	0	60	25	35
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	113,635	56,475	57,165	654,670	323,300	331,375
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	48,140	25,130	23,010	276,645	147,710	128,935
Education	4,730	960	3,775	31,645	7,860	23,785
13. Education	4,735	960	3,775	31,650	7,865	23,785
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,315	505	815	10,350	4,875	5,475
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	225	145	75	1,815	1,335	480
50. Visual and performing arts	1,095	360	735	8,540	3,545	4,990
Humanities	1,765	765	1,000	17,250	7,370	9,880
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	115	20	100	1,485	330	1,155
23. English language and literature/letters	325	85	245	2,930	810	2,120
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	345	120	225	5,420	2,245	3,180
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	0	0	0	55	30	30
38. Philosophy and religious studies	140	75	65	1,230	715	515
39. Theology and religious vocations	675	370	305	3,255	1,835	1,420
54. History	150	95	60	2,365	1,275	1,090
55. French language and literature/letters	10	0	0	505	135	370
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,685	1,030	3,650	38,120	12,380	25,740
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	80	0	70	740	185	555
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	430	185	250	2,575	965	1,610
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,410	50	1,360	8,805	605	8,195
22. Legal professions and studies	970	160	805	6,085	1,795	4,285
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	80	25	55	815	265	550
42. Psychology	720	125	595	6,370	1,720	4,645
45. Social sciences	985	485	510	12,730	6,835	5,895
Business, management and public administration	12,120	3,285	8,840	76,370	27,865	48,495
30.16 Accounting and computer science	20	0	25	270	95	175
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,080	170	905	6,145	1,335	4,810
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	11,020	3,110	7,910	69,950	26,440	43,510
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,295	620	675	12,195	5,930	6,270
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	395	155	240	5,290	2,265	3,025
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	315	155	165	3,005	1,595	1,405
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	20	10	15	405	65	345
40. Physical sciences	275	140	135	2,805	1,855	950
41. Science technologies/technicians	295	165	125	690	150	545
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,420	740	680	15,955	9,965	5,985
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,215	705	510	13,600	9,015	4,585
25. Library science	120	10	115	790	135	650
27. Mathematics and statistics	90	40	55	1,465	760	700
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	0	0	0	100	60	45
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	18,775	17,425	1,345	73,680	67,440	6,240
04. Architecture and related services	250	125	130	2,025	1,160	865
14. Engineering	1,770	1,450	320	13,705	11,305	2,405
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	3,240	2,885	355	13,840	12,265	1,575
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	5,095	4,945	150	16,060	15,690	365
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	5,620	5,355	265	20,395	19,765	625
48. Precision production	2,795	2,670	125	7,655	7,250	405
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	2,705	1,680	1,020	11,450	7,800	3,645
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	2,140	1,335	800	8,760	6,170	2,590
03. Natural resources and conservation	565	345	220	2,695	1,635	1,060
Health and related fields	11,975	2,155	9,825	69,600	13,415	56,185
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	745	295	445	3,310	1,585	1,715
51. Health professions and related programs	11,115	1,775	9,345	64,870	11,020	53,850
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	120	85	40	1,430	810	620
Personal, protective and transportation services	4,705	2,170	2,535	21,365	10,660	10,705
12. Personal and culinary services	2,825	580	2,250	12,255	2,980	9,275
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	10	0	90	85	10
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	20	15	0	110	105	0
43. Security and protective services	735	490	245	4,025	2,945	1,080
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,120	1,080	40	4,885	4,545	340
Other	0	0	0	50	30	25
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	0	0	0	50	25	25
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	163,655	81,450	82,205	1,001,305	491,585	509,725
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	81,900	42,050	39,855	516,750	263,610	253,145
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	81,760	39,405	42,350	484,555	227,975	256,585
Location of study inside Canada	72,040	34,700	37,340	403,775	188,230	215,540
Same as province or territory of residence	56,795	27,300	29,495	352,390	162,050	190,340
Different than province or territory of residence	15,240	7,400	7,850	51,385	26,185	25,200
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	9,720	4,705	5,010	80,785	39,745	41,040
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	1,740	980	760	9,155	4,910	4,245
Philippines	3,210	1,220	1,985	26,450	11,595	14,860
India	390	225	165	10,365	5,300	5,070
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	790	415	370	4,180	2,350	1,825
China^{Census data footnote 162}	125	65	65	2,865	1,330	1,535
France	40	25	15	395	235	165
Other	3,430	1,775	1,655	27,375	14,030	13,345
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	113,635	56,475	57,165	654,670	323,300	331,375
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	48,140	25,125	23,010	276,640	147,705	128,935
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	65,505	31,345	34,155	378,035	175,595	202,440
Location of study inside Canada	57,160	27,445	29,715	309,655	142,710	166,950
Same as province or territory of residence	45,145	21,640	23,505	270,435	123,090	147,340
Different than province or territory of residence	12,020	5,810	6,215	39,225	19,615	19,610
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	8,340	3,895	4,445	68,375	32,885	35,485
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	1,280	680	600	6,215	3,005	3,210
Philippines	3,045	1,160	1,885	24,495	10,775	13,720
India	355	205	145	9,430	4,770	4,660
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	490	255	235	2,465	1,385	1,080
China^{Census data footnote 162}	110	55	55	2,630	1,210	1,420
France	35	15	10	340	195	145
Other	3,025	1,525	1,500	22,805	11,555	11,255
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	163,660	81,450	82,205	1,001,305	491,580	509,725
In the labour force	116,745	62,660	54,085	662,155	347,685	314,465
Employed	104,450	54,560	49,890	617,465	322,130	295,335
Unemployed	12,290	8,095	4,195	44,690	25,560	19,130
Not in the labour force	46,915	18,795	28,120	339,155	143,895	195,260
Participation rate	71.3	76.9	65.8	66.1	70.7	61.7
Employment rate	63.8	67.0	60.7	61.7	65.5	57.9
Unemployment rate	10.5	12.9	7.8	6.7	7.4	6.1
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	163,660	81,455	82,200	1,001,310	491,585	509,725
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	40,745	15,970	24,770	312,495	131,600	180,900
Worked	122,910	65,480	57,430	688,810	359,980	328,830
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	57,300	33,330	23,975	358,800	206,460	152,330
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	65,615	32,155	33,455	330,010	153,520	176,495
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.8	42.2	41.3	42.9	43.5	42.3
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	116,745	62,660	54,080	662,155	347,685	314,465
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	1,980	955	1,025	12,625	6,125	6,505
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	114,760	61,700	53,060	649,530	341,560	307,965
Employee	98,380	51,570	46,810	580,885	296,560	284,325
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	16,375	10,130	6,250	68,645	45,000	23,640
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	116,740	62,660	54,080	662,155	347,690	314,470
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	1,980	955	1,025	12,625	6,125	6,505
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	114,755	61,700	53,060	649,525	341,565	307,965
0 Management occupations	13,105	8,310	4,790	71,455	45,945	25,510
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	15,540	3,190	12,350	96,050	27,530	68,515
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	5,420	4,220	1,195	34,135	26,895	7,240
3 Health occupations	8,450	1,495	6,955	52,280	10,830	41,450
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	10,730	2,945	7,785	86,055	27,425	58,630
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	2,055	720	1,335	14,355	6,025	8,325
6 Sales and service occupations	24,225	9,340	14,880	144,490	62,735	81,760
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	23,265	21,480	1,790	102,660	97,500	5,160
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	7,040	5,960	1,080	18,400	14,490	3,910
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	4,930	4,040	890	29,650	22,180	7,475
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	116,745	62,655	54,085	662,155	347,685	314,465
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	1,980	955	1,025	12,625	6,120	6,500
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	114,760	61,700	53,060	649,525	341,560	307,965
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	5,970	3,870	2,100	28,680	20,765	7,920
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	9,620	8,305	1,315	5,460	4,830	635
22 Utilities	585	480	105	7,390	5,625	1,765
23 Construction	12,685	10,720	1,965	49,575	43,990	5,585
31-33 Manufacturing	7,550	5,690	1,855	54,645	40,800	13,845
41 Wholesale trade	3,625	2,770	860	21,890	16,040	5,850
44-45 Retail trade	13,505	5,870	7,635	69,700	33,960	35,740
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	4,195	3,120	1,080	35,490	28,350	7,145
51 Information and cultural industries	1,020	515	500	10,875	6,085	4,790
52 Finance and insurance	2,850	815	2,035	25,885	9,615	16,270
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,930	990	945	8,235	4,565	3,670
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	5,535	2,900	2,630	28,470	14,790	13,680
55 Management of companies and enterprises	90	30	55	635	250	380
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	3,630	2,035	1,595	22,285	13,105	9,170
61 Educational services	6,540	1,530	5,010	55,025	17,480	37,540
62 Health care and social assistance	13,650	2,120	11,530	93,960	18,345	75,615
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,955	985	970	12,980	6,620	6,360
72 Accommodation and food services	7,970	2,910	5,060	43,655	17,430	26,230
81 Other services (except public administration)	6,315	3,310	3,000	28,055	13,740	14,315
91 Public administration	5,540	2,730	2,810	46,645	25,180	21,465
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	104,450	54,560	49,885	617,465	322,125	295,335
Worked at home	9,300	4,335	4,965	42,530	23,485	19,050
Worked outside Canada	315	260	55	1,935	1,305	630
No fixed workplace address	16,450	12,985	3,460	68,420	52,715	15,710
Worked at usual place	78,385	36,980	41,405	504,580	244,620	259,960
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	78,390	36,980	41,405	504,580	244,620	259,960
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	43,900	18,605	25,300	384,465	181,650	202,820
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	29,190	14,855	14,340	50,350	23,760	26,580
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	4,935	3,310	1,625	66,495	37,055	29,435
Commute to a different province or territory	355	210	145	3,275	2,150	1,120
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	94,835	49,965	44,870	573,005	297,335	275,665
Car, truck, van - as a driver	81,785	43,630	38,165	431,755	237,860	193,895
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	4,710	2,250	2,460	40,595	14,520	26,070
Public transit	2,500	1,105	1,395	53,740	21,780	31,955
Walked	3,615	1,460	2,165	32,330	13,815	18,520
Bicycle	685	485	200	8,175	5,670	2,505
Other method	1,535	1,045	495	6,410	3,695	2,715
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	94,840	49,965	44,870	573,000	297,340	275,665
Less than 15 minutes	36,080	16,305	19,775	185,120	87,795	97,320
15 to 29 minutes	36,580	19,080	17,500	208,570	108,680	99,890
30 to 44 minutes	13,380	7,945	5,435	115,090	63,555	51,535
45 to 59 minutes	3,460	2,205	1,255	36,755	20,485	16,270
60 minutes and over	5,340	4,430	905	27,470	16,820	10,650
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	94,840	49,965	44,875	573,000	297,335	275,665
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	7,140	5,290	1,850	28,060	20,145	7,915
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	18,055	12,380	5,670	104,545	65,630	38,925
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	29,745	16,015	13,730	168,760	90,125	78,630
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	17,530	6,625	10,905	126,090	50,885	75,200
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	8,415	3,035	5,375	53,120	22,305	30,810
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	13,955	6,615	7,335	92,430	48,240	44,190
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	126,400	67,085	59,315	710,830	370,255	340,575
Single responses	125,900	66,830	59,070	702,445	366,000	336,445
Official languages	125,445	66,585	58,860	694,855	361,770	333,090
English	125,170	66,510	58,660	688,400	359,660	328,730
French	275	75	200	6,455	2,100	4,355
Non-official languages	455	250	210	7,590	4,235	3,360
Aboriginal languages	25	10	20	1,815	1,025	800
Algonquian languages	25	10	20	1,755	990	755
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	25	0	15	985	565	420
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	25	0	20	980	565	415
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	0	10	770	430	335
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	10	0	0	230	125	110
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	535	310	230
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	55	25	30
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	60	25	30
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	55	30	30
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	10
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	10	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	425	240	190	5,770	3,215	2,560
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	300	155	145
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	30	10	20
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	30	10	20
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	270	145	125
Amharic	0	0	0	15	0	10
Arabic	0	0	0	105	70	40
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	115	50	65
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	35	25	10
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	140	35	100
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	140	35	100
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	40	20	20	485	245	240
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	10	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	10	10	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	35	20	20	470	235	240
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	10	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	10	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	225	110	110	3,115	1,865	1,255
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	10	0	480	245	235
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	10	0	480	245	235
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	15	10	10
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	65	50	20
Russian	10	10	0	280	145	135
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	110	40	70
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	65	30	35	1,300	790	505
Afrikaans	0	0	0	10	10	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	20	10	10	40	10	30
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	50	20	30	950	585	370
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Swedish	0	0	0	0	10	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	10	10	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	290	185	105
Greek	10	10	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	10	10	10	755	505	260
Indo-Aryan languages	10	0	10	685	455	225
Bengali	0	0	0	20	0	15
Gujarati	0	0	0	10	10	10
Hindi	0	0	0	40	40	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	10	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	10	0	10	605	400	210
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	10	0	10
Iranian languages	0	0	0	75	45	30
Kurdish	0	0	0	10	10	10
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	65	45	20
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	140	65	70	580	330	245
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	20	10	10
Portuguese	10	0	10	330	215	115
Romanian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Spanish	135	65	70	220	100	125
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	10	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	10	0	0	305	150	150
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	15	15	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	10	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	10	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	10	10	0	210	80	135
American Sign Language	0	0	0	155	65	95
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	10	10	0	55	15	45
Sino-Tibetan languages	95	65	35	1,170	650	515
Chinese languages	95	60	35	1,160	650	515
Cantonese	75	50	25	690	380	315
Hakka	10	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	15	10	10	440	255	185
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	10	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	25	10	10
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	10	10	10
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	40	30	15	15	0	10
Lao	0	0	0	10	0	10
Thai	40	25	15	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	500	250	245	8,390	4,255	4,125
English and French	155	80	70	2,655	1,150	1,505
English and non-official language	345	170	180	5,680	3,085	2,590
French and non-official language	0	0	0	10	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	45	20	30
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	126,400	67,085	59,320	710,835	370,255	340,575
None	123,390	65,595	57,795	662,595	346,710	315,885
English	385	135	255	8,550	3,690	4,855
French	650	305	350	13,320	5,825	7,495
Non-official language	1,930	1,025	905	25,960	13,815	12,145
Aboriginal	245	105	140	6,500	3,245	3,255
Non-Aboriginal	1,680	920	765	19,460	10,575	8,890
English and French	0	0	0	10	0	10
English and non-official language	0	0	0	65	45	20
French and non-official language	45	30	15	335	160	175
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	10	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	201,920	101,190	100,735	1,225,480	606,585	618,895
Non-movers	169,755	85,390	84,365	1,064,380	527,020	537,360
Movers	32,170	15,795	16,370	161,100	79,570	81,535
Non-migrants	18,085	9,015	9,065	105,090	52,025	53,065
Migrants	14,085	6,780	7,305	56,010	27,545	28,465
Internal migrants	13,105	6,310	6,795	41,305	20,285	21,020
Intraprovincial migrants	11,065	5,360	5,710	30,395	14,720	15,675
Interprovincial migrants	2,040	950	1,085	10,915	5,565	5,345
External migrants	975	465	510	14,705	7,260	7,445
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	190,945	95,595	95,345	1,161,240	573,310	587,930
Non-movers	104,010	52,165	51,845	718,640	355,585	363,050
Movers	86,930	43,435	43,495	442,600	217,725	224,875
Non-migrants	40,585	20,495	20,090	261,015	128,560	132,455
Migrants	46,340	22,940	23,405	181,585	89,165	92,420
Internal migrants	40,585	20,110	20,475	117,135	56,880	60,260
Intraprovincial migrants	30,240	14,960	15,280	86,295	41,295	45,000
Interprovincial migrants	10,340	5,155	5,190	30,840	15,580	15,260
External migrants	5,755	2,830	2,930	64,445	32,285	32,165

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

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Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

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Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

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Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

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Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

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Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 35 referrer

Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 36 referrer

Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 37 referrer

Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 38 referrer

Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

Return to footnote 39 referrer

Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 40 referrer

Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

Return to footnote 41 referrer

Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 42 referrer

Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Return to footnote 181 referrer

Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Red Deer [Economic region], Alberta and Manitoba [Province] (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 8, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Red Deer [Economic region], Alberta and Manitoba [Province]

Census Profile, 2016 Census Red Deer [Economic region], Alberta and Manitoba [Province]

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Red Deer [Economic region], Alberta and Manitoba [Province]