Census Profile, 2016 Census
Toronto [Census metropolitan area], Ontario and British Columbia [Province]

The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).

Characteristic	Toronto Ontario [Census metropolitan area]			British Columbia [Province]
	Data quality , Toronto [Census metropolitan area], Ontario  Map : Toronto [Census metropolitan area], Ontario Change geography 1			Data quality : British Columbia [Province]  Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016Census data footnote 1	5,928,040	...	...	4,648,055	...	...
Population, 2011Census data footnote 1	5,583,064	...	...	4,400,057	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	6.2	...	...	5.6	...	...
Total private dwellingsCensus data footnote 2	2,235,145	...	...	2,063,417	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residentsCensus data footnote 3	2,135,909	...	...	1,881,969	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	1,003.8	...	...	5.0	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	5,905.84	...	...	922,503.01	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% dataCensus data footnote 4	5,928,040	2,876,755	3,051,290	4,648,055	2,278,245	2,369,815
0 to 14 years	985,615	505,690	479,920	691,390	355,400	335,985
0 to 4 years	310,070	158,835	151,235	220,625	113,355	107,275
5 to 9 years	338,320	173,665	164,660	236,900	122,070	114,830
10 to 14 years	337,220	173,190	164,035	233,860	119,975	113,885
15 to 64 years	4,083,850	1,988,910	2,094,935	3,107,680	1,527,280	1,580,400
15 to 19 years	366,525	188,790	177,735	258,980	133,000	125,985
20 to 24 years	411,945	210,445	201,500	287,560	147,615	139,945
25 to 29 years	424,345	209,785	214,560	303,000	151,585	151,415
30 to 34 years	419,845	201,620	218,220	313,750	155,035	158,715
35 to 39 years	406,175	190,620	215,555	293,590	143,070	150,520
40 to 44 years	414,490	195,580	218,910	295,045	141,930	153,115
45 to 49 years	440,145	210,225	229,920	322,365	155,325	167,040
50 to 54 years	460,465	225,115	235,350	354,375	172,065	182,310
55 to 59 years	407,175	198,170	209,005	354,925	171,210	183,715
60 to 64 years	332,740	158,560	174,175	324,095	156,450	167,645
65 years and over	858,580	382,150	476,435	848,985	395,560	453,425
65 to 69 years	280,910	132,275	148,635	287,520	139,490	148,035
70 to 74 years	197,490	91,745	105,745	201,785	97,675	104,110
75 to 79 years	151,925	68,045	83,880	145,225	68,715	76,510
80 to 84 years	113,220	49,005	64,215	105,255	48,645	56,610
85 years and over	115,030	41,080	73,955	109,190	41,035	68,155
85 to 89 years	72,340	28,160	44,175	67,510	27,930	39,575
90 to 94 years	33,400	10,570	22,835	31,815	10,615	21,205
95 to 99 years	8,030	2,115	5,915	8,545	2,215	6,330
100 years and over	1,270	230	1,040	1,325	275	1,050
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16.6	17.6	15.7	14.9	15.6	14.2
15 to 64 years	68.9	69.1	68.7	66.9	67.0	66.7
65 years and over	14.5	13.3	15.6	18.3	17.4	19.1
85 years and over	1.9	1.4	2.4	2.3	1.8	2.9
Average age of the population	39.7	38.7	40.6	42.3	41.5	43.1
Median age of the population	39.4	38.2	40.4	43.0	41.9	44.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% dataCensus data footnote 5	2,135,910	...	...	1,881,970	...	...
Single-detached house	846,405	...	...	830,660	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	626,905	...	...	177,830	...	...
Other attached dwellingCensus data footnote 6	661,955	...	...	824,190	...	...
Semi-detached house	158,815	...	...	57,395	...	...
Row house	195,245	...	...	147,830	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	89,975	...	...	230,075	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	214,365	...	...	385,140	...	...
Other single-attached house	3,555	...	...	3,755	...	...
Movable dwellingCensus data footnote 7	640	...	...	49,290	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% dataCensus data footnote 8	2,135,910	...	...	1,881,970	...	...
1 person	519,795	...	...	541,910	...	...
2 persons	598,700	...	...	663,770	...	...
3 persons	373,775	...	...	277,690	...	...
4 persons	377,170	...	...	243,125	...	...
5 or more persons	266,470	...	...	155,470	...	...
Number of persons in private households	5,862,855	...	...	4,560,240	...	...
Average household size	2.7	...	...	2.4	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% dataCensus data footnote 9	4,942,430	2,371,060	2,571,365	3,956,665	1,922,840	2,033,825
Married or living common law	2,758,170	1,378,855	1,379,315	2,297,325	1,146,175	1,151,150
Married	2,466,925	1,230,930	1,235,995	1,925,345	959,690	965,645
Living common law	291,240	147,925	143,320	371,985	186,485	185,505
Not married and not living common law	2,184,260	992,210	1,192,050	1,659,335	776,660	882,675
Never married	1,537,495	798,270	739,220	1,076,085	582,975	493,110
Separated	130,030	51,235	78,795	105,700	45,225	60,475
Divorced	271,530	97,385	174,150	263,870	103,475	160,395
Widowed	245,200	45,310	199,890	213,685	44,990	168,700
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% dataCensus data footnote 10	1,625,790	...	...	1,311,340	...	...
2 persons	682,915	...	...	703,685	...	...
3 persons	397,625	...	...	275,965	...	...
4 persons	391,440	...	...	243,960	...	...
5 or more persons	153,805	...	...	87,730	...	...
Average size of census families	3.0	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% dataCensus data footnote 11	1,625,790	...	...	1,311,345	...	...
Total couple families	1,333,645	...	...	1,113,405	...	...
Married couples	1,188,130	...	...	927,440	...	...
Common-law couples	145,515	...	...	185,960	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	292,150	...	...	197,940	...	...
Female parent	241,820	...	...	155,670	...	...
Male parent	50,325	...	...	42,265	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	1,333,645	...	...	1,113,400	...	...
Couples without children	509,835	...	...	577,790	...	...
Couples with children	823,805	...	...	535,610	...	...
1 child	312,605	...	...	221,065	...	...
2 children	366,295	...	...	230,705	...	...
3 or more children	144,910	...	...	83,840	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	292,145	...	...	197,940	...	...
1 child	173,080	...	...	125,890	...	...
2 children	85,025	...	...	54,900	...	...
3 or more children	34,040	...	...	17,145	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	923,210	415,830	507,380	882,895	418,495	464,405
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% dataCensus data footnote 12	2,135,910	...	...	1,881,970	...	...
One-census-family households	1,430,535	...	...	1,195,735	...	...
Without children in a census familyCensus data footnote 13	434,860	...	...	527,700	...	...
With children in a census familyCensus data footnote 14	995,670	...	...	668,035	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	93,790	...	...	55,620	...	...
Non-census-family households	611,585	...	...	630,620	...	...
One-person households	519,790	...	...	541,915	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	91,795	...	...	88,705	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% dataCensus data footnote 15	5,883,670	2,858,785	3,024,885	4,598,415	2,255,395	2,343,015
English only	5,154,905	2,553,030	2,601,880	4,127,770	2,050,130	2,077,645
French only	4,855	2,035	2,815	1,810	820	985
English and French	464,980	201,080	263,900	314,925	140,650	174,275
Neither English nor French	258,925	102,635	156,290	153,910	63,795	90,115
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% dataCensus data footnote 16	5,883,665	2,858,785	3,024,885	4,598,415	2,255,395	2,343,020
English	5,503,690	2,700,905	2,802,785	4,373,330	2,156,680	2,216,655
French	72,790	33,545	39,245	55,325	27,680	27,640
English and French	51,895	23,470	28,425	18,000	8,315	9,685
Neither English nor French	255,295	100,870	154,430	151,760	62,720	89,040
Official language minority (number)Census data footnote 17	98,735	45,280	53,455	64,325	31,840	32,480
Official language minority (percentage)Census data footnote 17	1.7	1.6	1.8	1.4	1.4	1.4
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% dataCensus data footnote 18	5,883,670	2,858,785	3,024,880	4,598,415	2,255,400	2,343,015
Single responses	5,645,915	2,743,825	2,902,090	4,494,995	2,205,775	2,289,220
Official languages	3,127,355	1,550,385	1,576,970	3,227,535	1,614,375	1,613,160
English	3,061,820	1,520,045	1,541,775	3,170,110	1,585,760	1,584,355
French	65,535	30,340	35,195	57,425	28,615	28,810
Non-official languages	2,518,555	1,193,440	1,325,120	1,267,460	591,400	676,060
Aboriginal languages	575	255	325	8,435	3,940	4,490
Algonquian languages	400	175	230	1,050	445	605
Blackfoot	5	10	0	40	5	35
Cree-Montagnais languages	115	45	70	840	375	465
Atikamekw	5	0	5	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	5	5	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	10	0	10	5	5	0
Naskapi	5	5	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	5	0	0	10	0	10
Plains Cree	10	0	5	150	60	85
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	30	10	20	25	15	10
Woods Cree	5	0	0	60	25	35
Cree, n.o.s.	55	20	35	585	270	320
Eastern Algonquian languages	25	10	15	10	5	10
Malecite	0	0	0	5	0	0
Mi'kmaq	25	10	15	10	5	5
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	250	115	140	155	55	105
Algonquin	5	0	0	5	5	0
Ojibway	230	105	120	135	50	90
Oji-Cree	10	5	5	10	0	10
Ottawa (Odawa)	15	5	10	5	0	5
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	25	10	15	2,310	1,045	1,260
Northern Athabaskan languages	25	10	15	2,295	1,045	1,250
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	110	55	55
Beaver	0	0	0	160	75	85
Carrier	0	5	0	1,005	460	550
Chilcotin	5	0	5	650	295	355
Dene	5	5	5	90	35	50
Dogrib (Tlicho)	5	0	0	5	0	0
Gwich'in	5	0	5	15	5	10
Sarsi (Sarcee)	5	5	5	0	0	5
Sekani	0	0	0	85	40	45
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	75	30	45
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	5	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	20	5	15
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	50	25	30
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	105	45	50
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	15	10	5
Tahltan	0	0	0	90	40	50
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	5	0	5
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	5	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	5	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	15	5	10
Haida	0	5	0	70	30	40
Inuit languages	35	15	20	80	30	55
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	10	0	10
Inuktitut	30	10	20	50	20	30
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	10	10
Iroquoian languages	20	5	10	15	10	5
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	15	10	5	10	5	5
Oneida	5	0	5	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	100	55	50
Michif	5	0	0	35	20	10
Salish languages	5	0	0	2,270	1,115	1,155
Comox	0	0	0	80	45	40
Halkomelem	0	0	0	475	230	245
Lillooet	0	0	0	315	155	160
Okanagan	0	5	0	270	135	135
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	435	220	215
Squamish	0	0	0	35	20	20
Straits	0	0	0	80	40	40
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	330	150	185
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	250	130	120
Siouan languages	0	0	0	45	25	20
Dakota	5	0	0	30	15	20
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	5
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	30	15	15
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	1,460	715	740
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	875	435	445
Nisga'a	0	0	0	385	195	190
Tsimshian	0	0	0	195	90	110
Wakashan languages	0	0	5	795	365	435
Haisla	0	0	0	90	40	55
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	100	45	55
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	320	140	180
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	275	135	140
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	10	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	80	40	40	190	80	110
Non-Aboriginal languages	2,517,980	1,193,185	1,324,795	1,259,025	587,455	671,570
Afro-Asiatic languages	140,140	69,950	70,195	24,870	13,405	11,465
Berber languages	220	130	90	115	75	45
Kabyle	105	60	50	40	30	15
Berber languages, n.i.e.	115	70	45	80	45	30
Cushitic languages	14,405	6,195	8,205	1,505	765	740
Bilen	80	45	35	5	0	0
Oromo	1,005	490	515	205	115	95
Somali	13,255	5,625	7,630	1,270	640	640
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	65	35	30	20	10	15
Semitic languages	125,160	63,435	61,725	23,195	12,540	10,655
Amharic	7,460	3,375	4,085	1,370	670	700
Arabic	85,175	43,805	41,365	17,480	9,595	7,890
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	10,195	4,985	5,215	650	315	330
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	1,845	920	925	440	245	200
Harari	930	435	490	20	5	15
Hebrew	10,390	5,560	4,830	2,065	1,125	940
Maltese	3,525	1,730	1,795	215	100	115
Tigrigna	4,725	2,160	2,560	805	395	405
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	925	465	460	150	80	65
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	355	185	175	55	30	25
Austro-Asiatic languages	51,160	23,360	27,800	28,740	13,170	15,575
Khmer (Cambodian)	3,090	1,400	1,690	1,560	710	850
Vietnamese	48,005	21,935	26,070	27,150	12,440	14,710
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	65	25	40	30	15	15
Austronesian languages	160,980	63,835	97,150	96,535	38,765	57,770
Bikol	470	210	260	375	165	215
Cebuano	5,080	2,020	3,055	4,065	1,565	2,505
Fijian	55	25	25	470	240	230
Hiligaynon	2,320	890	1,435	1,470	550	920
Ilocano	9,415	3,685	5,735	5,240	2,055	3,190
Malagasy	25	15	15	20	10	15
Malay	4,420	1,995	2,430	3,895	1,675	2,220
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	1,305	580	725	700	320	380
Pangasinan	450	185	270	295	130	170
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	136,115	53,725	82,385	78,770	31,550	47,220
Waray-Waray	315	105	205	215	85	135
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	1,015	400	610	1,015	435	580
Creole languages	5,505	2,575	2,930	840	440	400
Haitian Creole	200	95	110	35	20	15
Creole, n.o.s.	3,380	1,600	1,785	500	255	245
Creole languages, n.i.e.	1,920	875	1,040	305	155	145
Dravidian languages	133,415	65,680	67,740	7,500	3,995	3,510
Kannada	2,025	1,015	1,010	280	150	135
Malayalam	12,530	6,430	6,100	2,385	1,260	1,130
Tamil	109,580	53,225	56,355	3,615	1,875	1,740
Telugu	9,015	4,880	4,135	1,175	695	480
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	275	135	140	45	20	25
Hmong-Mien languages	25	10	15	140	75	70
Indo-European languages	1,372,335	664,655	707,680	588,175	286,135	302,035
Albanian	13,260	6,615	6,645	1,465	765	705
Armenian	12,570	6,070	6,505	1,195	600	600
Balto-Slavic languages	261,650	119,970	141,685	83,110	38,595	44,515
Baltic languages	5,445	2,185	3,260	1,070	485	585
Latvian	2,255	905	1,350	565	255	300
Lithuanian	3,185	1,280	1,910	505	225	280
Slavic languages	256,205	117,785	138,420	82,040	38,110	43,930
Belarusan	355	170	185	95	45	50
Bosnian	2,750	1,330	1,415	1,360	675	685
Bulgarian	6,945	3,350	3,590	2,025	955	1,070
Croatian	16,525	7,925	8,595	7,475	3,655	3,820
Czech	4,795	2,215	2,580	5,920	2,850	3,070
Macedonian	12,010	5,700	6,315	325	160	165
Polish	69,860	31,625	38,240	16,910	7,875	9,035
Russian	83,105	37,735	45,375	25,955	11,640	14,310
Serbian	21,420	10,425	10,995	7,045	3,600	3,450
Serbo-Croatian	2,420	1,130	1,290	1,395	670	725
Slovak	5,260	2,455	2,800	3,400	1,525	1,870
Slovene (Slovenian)	3,705	1,630	2,075	1,160	545	615
Ukrainian	26,550	11,840	14,710	8,630	3,730	4,900
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	510	265	245	345	175	170
Celtic languages	460	210	250	615	325	290
Scottish Gaelic	165	75	90	240	130	110
Welsh	150	65	85	280	145	135
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	140	75	70	95	50	45
Germanic languages	45,990	20,810	25,180	101,725	48,350	53,380
Afrikaans	985	475	510	3,260	1,655	1,610
Danish	1,570	710	855	4,665	2,280	2,385
Dutch	8,585	4,045	4,540	21,020	10,130	10,895
Frisian	135	60	75	295	145	145
German	29,425	13,140	16,285	66,885	31,525	35,360
Icelandic	85	40	45	275	135	145
Norwegian	380	170	210	2,005	970	1,035
Swedish	1,140	485	660	2,520	1,100	1,420
Vlaams (Flemish)	280	110	170	445	220	225
Yiddish	3,355	1,555	1,800	290	150	140
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	50	20	25	65	45	25
Greek	41,225	20,005	21,215	6,115	3,245	2,870
Indo-Iranian languages	589,495	296,750	292,745	297,800	147,830	149,970
Indo-Aryan languages	476,470	239,960	236,510	251,000	124,260	126,740
Bengali	38,325	19,275	19,045	3,180	1,665	1,510
Gujarati	64,115	32,120	31,995	6,895	3,290	3,605
Hindi	48,140	24,165	23,975	26,720	12,910	13,810
Kashmiri	275	140	140	65	35	25
Konkani	2,155	1,020	1,135	255	130	125
Marathi	4,465	2,270	2,200	620	325	295
Nepali	4,685	2,350	2,330	1,155	620	540
Oriya (Odia)	585	315	270	70	35	35
Punjabi (Panjabi)	171,230	86,995	84,230	198,805	98,525	100,285
Sindhi	5,800	2,720	3,085	1,675	780	895
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	7,860	3,805	4,055	1,675	845	830
Urdu	128,845	64,790	64,060	9,885	5,090	4,795
Iranian languages	111,100	55,775	55,330	46,390	23,355	23,035
Kurdish	2,775	1,555	1,220	1,765	945	825
Pashto	7,685	3,960	3,730	1,155	615	535
Persian (Farsi)	100,640	50,255	50,380	43,470	21,795	21,675
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	1,920	1,020	910	410	220	195
Italic (Romance) languages	407,685	194,225	213,460	96,135	46,430	49,710
Catalan	165	90	75	160	85	75
Italian	151,415	72,645	78,770	22,680	11,445	11,230
Portuguese	104,305	50,075	54,235	17,450	8,240	9,210
Romanian	25,075	11,670	13,400	8,730	4,250	4,480
Spanish	126,500	59,645	66,860	47,010	22,335	24,675
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	225	105	125	105	65	40
Japanese	9,650	3,370	6,280	21,350	7,195	14,150
Kartvelian languages	1,110	595	515	85	50	35
Georgian	1,110	595	515	85	50	40
Korean	55,005	25,250	29,750	52,160	23,495	28,670
Mongolic languages	345	155	190	360	150	205
Mongolian	345	155	190	360	155	210
Niger-Congo languages	24,130	11,310	12,820	3,725	1,875	1,850
Akan (Twi)	8,490	3,905	4,580	495	275	220
Bamanankan	60	30	30	10	5	5
Edo	1,020	410	610	85	50	35
Ewe	370	185	190	85	45	35
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	220	115	105	45	25	20
Ga	440	200	245	45	20	25
Ganda	515	245	270	90	45	45
Igbo	1,520	775	750	245	145	105
Lingala	375	175	200	80	30	45
Rundi (Kirundi)	355	165	185	115	50	60
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	380	175	210	155	70	80
Shona	680	325	355	215	100	115
Swahili	3,215	1,495	1,715	805	400	405
Wolof	160	90	80	50	25	25
Yoruba	3,380	1,720	1,655	330	185	150
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	2,945	1,310	1,635	885	410	480
Nilo-Saharan languages	360	200	160	340	175	165
Dinka	45	25	15	105	60	45
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	315	170	145	240	115	125
Sign languages	1,220	665	555	1,155	610	545
American Sign Language	470	250	220	470	230	240
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	5	0	5
Sign languages, n.i.e	750	420	330	690	380	305
Sino-Tibetan languages	516,670	239,930	276,740	410,920	187,725	223,190
Chinese languages	510,185	236,775	273,415	408,415	186,455	221,960
Cantonese	247,710	115,020	132,680	193,530	89,325	104,210
Hakka	6,495	2,915	3,580	2,325	1,010	1,315
Mandarin	227,085	105,655	121,435	186,325	84,370	101,955
Min Dong	765	370	395	230	105	120
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	11,580	5,345	6,235	11,210	4,995	6,215
Wu (Shanghainese)	5,290	2,380	2,910	4,540	1,995	2,545
Chinese, n.o.s.	11,075	4,995	6,080	10,050	4,570	5,480
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	190	95	95	205	85	120
Tibeto-Burman languages	6,485	3,160	3,325	2,500	1,265	1,230
Burmese	1,005	450	555	1,125	580	545
Karenic languages	265	125	140	815	395	425
Tibetan	4,875	2,410	2,470	330	175	160
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	335	175	160	230	120	110
Tai-Kadai languages	3,935	1,600	2,340	3,985	1,335	2,650
Lao	2,275	1,095	1,180	1,100	550	550
Thai	1,640	495	1,145	2,865	775	2,090
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	25	10	15	20	10	15
Turkic languages	16,700	8,685	8,015	4,140	2,295	1,845
Azerbaijani	1,615	865	745	530	290	235
Turkish	13,700	7,145	6,550	3,145	1,790	1,360
Uyghur	385	195	195	170	85	85
Uzbek	595	300	295	105	50	55
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	405	180	225	190	80	110
Uralic languages	24,330	10,880	13,455	13,490	6,285	7,205
Estonian	2,685	1,100	1,585	705	295	410
Finnish	2,515	1,010	1,505	3,760	1,555	2,200
Hungarian	19,130	8,765	10,360	9,025	4,435	4,590
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	960	495	465	500	280	225
Multiple responses	237,755	114,960	122,795	103,415	49,625	53,795
English and French	14,945	6,895	8,050	10,065	4,815	5,250
English and non-official language	210,320	102,445	107,880	89,135	42,820	46,315
French and non-official language	6,050	2,715	3,330	2,100	1,040	1,065
English, French and non-official language	6,440	2,910	3,535	2,115	950	1,165
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% dataCensus data footnote 19	5,883,670	2,858,785	3,024,880	4,598,415	2,255,395	2,343,015
Single responses	5,321,900	2,588,170	2,733,730	4,365,875	2,145,020	2,220,855
Official languages	3,866,565	1,899,565	1,966,995	3,648,500	1,807,825	1,840,675
English	3,836,765	1,885,800	1,950,970	3,631,700	1,799,625	1,832,075
French	29,795	13,770	16,030	16,795	8,195	8,605
Non-official languages	1,455,335	688,605	766,730	717,375	337,200	380,180
Aboriginal languages	160	85	80	1,565	765	795
Algonquian languages	80	40	35	105	50	55
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	5	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	20	10	10	85	40	45
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	5	5	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	5	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	5	5	5	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	15	10	10
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	5	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	5
Cree, n.o.s.	10	5	10	60	30	30
Eastern Algonquian languages	5	5	0	5	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	5	5	0	5	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	45	20	20	10	5	5
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	35	20	15	15	5	5
Oji-Cree	5	0	5	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	15	5	5	610	290	320
Northern Athabaskan languages	10	5	5	605	290	315
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	20	10	10
Beaver	0	0	0	40	20	20
Carrier	0	0	0	245	110	130
Chilcotin	0	0	0	260	125	130
Dene	5	0	0	15	5	10
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	5	0	0	0
Gwich'in	5	5	5	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	5	5	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	15	10	5
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	10	5	5
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	5	5
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	5	0	5
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	5	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	5	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	10	5	5
Inuit languages	10	5	0	10	5	5
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	15	5	0	10	0	5
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	5
Iroquoian languages	5	5	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	5	0	5	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	15	10	5
Michif	0	5	0	0	5	0
Salish languages	0	0	5	275	130	150
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	50	20	30
Lillooet	0	0	0	25	15	15
Okanagan	0	0	0	85	35	45
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	50	30	20
Squamish	0	0	0	5	5	0
Straits	0	0	0	25	10	15
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	20	10	10
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	10	10
Siouan languages	0	5	0	15	10	5
Dakota	0	0	0	10	10	5
Stoney	0	0	0	5	5	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	405	215	195
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	310	155	155
Nisga'a	0	0	0	70	45	25
Tsimshian	0	0	0	25	15	10
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	75	40	35
Haisla	0	0	0	20	10	15
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	5	5	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	25	10	10
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	30	15	10
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	50	25	30	45	15	25
Non-Aboriginal languages	1,455,175	688,520	766,655	715,815	336,435	379,380
Afro-Asiatic languages	74,095	35,480	38,615	13,990	7,065	6,920
Berber languages	65	30	30	45	25	20
Kabyle	35	15	15	20	10	15
Berber languages, n.i.e.	35	15	15	25	15	10
Cushitic languages	8,380	3,530	4,850	770	355	415
Bilen	40	15	20	0	0	0
Oromo	545	250	290	90	50	45
Somali	7,765	3,250	4,520	665	300	360
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	30	15	20	15	5	10
Semitic languages	65,465	31,830	33,635	13,155	6,680	6,475
Amharic	3,815	1,680	2,135	600	275	320
Arabic	45,020	22,145	22,875	10,415	5,335	5,080
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	6,790	3,255	3,535	405	195	210
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	1,095	535	560	310	165	145
Harari	520	235	285	10	5	5
Hebrew	4,395	2,265	2,135	900	465	440
Maltese	875	395	475	15	5	10
Tigrigna	2,480	1,085	1,395	410	190	225
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	480	225	250	95	45	50
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	185	90	95	20	10	10
Austro-Asiatic languages	33,450	15,260	18,190	17,870	8,305	9,560
Khmer (Cambodian)	1,655	725	935	800	375	420
Vietnamese	31,760	14,525	17,235	17,055	7,920	9,130
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	30	15	20	15	10	5
Austronesian languages	72,495	30,930	41,570	40,605	17,945	22,660
Bikol	85	35	45	75	30	35
Cebuano	1,875	810	1,065	1,305	585	715
Fijian	10	10	5	110	65	55
Hiligaynon	780	335	445	415	175	240
Ilocano	3,455	1,480	1,970	1,615	695	930
Malagasy	10	5	5	10	5	10
Malay	1,455	705	750	1,120	510	605
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	405	180	225	150	70	80
Pangasinan	80	35	40	55	25	30
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	63,985	27,170	36,815	35,375	15,600	19,770
Waray-Waray	75	30	45	55	25	35
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	285	135	150	310	150	160
Creole languages	2,845	1,315	1,535	335	150	180
Haitian Creole	120	55	60	0	0	5
Creole, n.o.s.	1,950	900	1,050	235	105	130
Creole languages, n.i.e.	780	355	425	95	50	45
Dravidian languages	88,295	42,605	45,695	3,940	1,995	1,940
Kannada	830	415	410	110	55	60
Malayalam	6,400	3,260	3,140	1,225	615	605
Tamil	76,095	36,265	39,830	2,055	1,025	1,030
Telugu	4,870	2,615	2,255	535	295	240
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	95	40	50	15	5	10
Hmong-Mien languages	5	0	5	55	25	30
Indo-European languages	723,495	347,435	376,055	282,090	137,135	144,955
Albanian	6,385	3,195	3,190	695	335	360
Armenian	7,475	3,530	3,940	545	240	305
Balto-Slavic languages	135,230	63,280	71,950	31,640	15,150	16,490
Baltic languages	1,640	680	960	210	90	115
Latvian	600	245	355	80	30	50
Lithuanian	1,045	440	605	125	60	65
Slavic languages	133,590	62,600	70,995	31,430	15,060	16,370
Belarusan	125	60	65	15	5	5
Bosnian	1,330	645	690	595	300	300
Bulgarian	3,860	1,875	1,980	1,035	485	550
Croatian	5,940	2,845	3,095	2,235	1,055	1,180
Czech	1,415	685	730	1,595	800	795
Macedonian	4,970	2,355	2,615	150	75	75
Polish	33,325	15,550	17,775	5,690	2,720	2,970
Russian	53,675	24,950	28,720	13,310	6,290	7,020
Serbian	12,200	5,910	6,290	3,695	1,870	1,825
Serbo-Croatian	935	435	500	500	235	265
Slovak	2,290	1,115	1,175	1,000	480	520
Slovene (Slovenian)	890	385	500	145	65	85
Ukrainian	12,515	5,720	6,790	1,430	665	765
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	135	55	80	40	20	20
Celtic languages	65	35	30	70	40	30
Scottish Gaelic	25	15	10	35	20	10
Welsh	20	5	10	25	10	10
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	5	5	5
Germanic languages	5,315	2,430	2,885	14,430	6,870	7,555
Afrikaans	265	125	145	1,475	715	760
Danish	135	65	75	305	145	160
Dutch	655	300	350	1,895	890	1,005
Frisian	5	0	0	10	5	5
German	3,590	1,625	1,965	10,085	4,795	5,295
Icelandic	20	5	15	75	35	35
Norwegian	45	15	20	140	60	80
Swedish	220	100	120	360	170	195
Vlaams (Flemish)	25	15	10	50	30	20
Yiddish	350	175	175	10	10	5
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	15	5	5
Greek	16,940	7,905	9,035	2,010	975	1,035
Indo-Iranian languages	367,340	181,800	185,540	194,590	95,380	99,215
Indo-Aryan languages	292,940	145,580	147,360	164,185	80,610	83,575
Bengali	24,615	12,140	12,470	1,815	895	920
Gujarati	38,265	18,750	19,515	2,970	1,320	1,645
Hindi	23,995	11,925	12,065	12,310	5,890	6,425
Kashmiri	50	25	25	10	5	5
Konkani	440	215	230	40	25	25
Marathi	2,000	1,030	970	270	140	130
Nepali	3,085	1,560	1,525	665	345	320
Oriya (Odia)	270	135	140	35	20	15
Punjabi (Panjabi)	116,045	58,355	57,690	139,080	68,565	70,515
Sindhi	2,485	1,140	1,350	615	270	345
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	3,580	1,750	1,825	675	330	340
Urdu	78,105	38,560	39,550	5,705	2,825	2,880
Iranian languages	73,635	35,825	37,805	30,205	14,665	15,540
Kurdish	1,470	795	675	1,080	540	535
Pashto	4,850	2,430	2,415	700	350	350
Persian (Farsi)	67,315	32,600	34,715	28,420	13,765	14,660
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	770	395	375	200	100	100
Italic (Romance) languages	184,745	85,260	99,480	38,110	18,145	19,970
Catalan	80	40	45	65	35	35
Italian	51,815	22,250	29,560	5,200	2,245	2,955
Portuguese	50,210	24,070	26,135	6,725	3,140	3,580
Romanian	12,200	5,660	6,540	3,800	1,830	1,970
Spanish	70,370	33,205	37,165	22,310	10,900	11,410
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	65	30	35	20	5	10
Japanese	4,550	1,950	2,600	9,860	4,070	5,790
Kartvelian languages	745	405	335	30	15	10
Georgian	745	405	335	30	15	15
Korean	38,435	17,960	20,475	38,605	17,785	20,820
Mongolic languages	200	100	95	170	80	90
Mongolian	200	100	95	165	80	85
Niger-Congo languages	8,925	3,985	4,945	960	430	530
Akan (Twi)	4,040	1,745	2,300	150	80	65
Bamanankan	15	10	10	5	5	5
Edo	295	115	175	15	10	10
Ewe	95	40	55	20	5	10
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	75	35	40	20	5	10
Ga	150	65	85	5	5	0
Ganda	155	70	85	10	5	5
Igbo	410	205	205	40	20	15
Lingala	95	40	55	35	15	20
Rundi (Kirundi)	125	60	65	55	20	40
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	115	50	65	60	25	35
Shona	235	115	125	65	25	40
Swahili	1,225	540	690	200	90	115
Wolof	80	45	35	20	10	10
Yoruba	1,080	520	560	60	30	35
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	735	330	405	200	85	120
Nilo-Saharan languages	90	45	45	140	60	75
Dinka	15	5	5	55	30	20
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	75	40	40	85	30	55
Sign languages	1,910	1,085	825	1,535	850	685
American Sign Language	720	375	345	455	230	225
Quebec Sign Language	0	5	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	1,190	710	480	1,080	615	460
Sino-Tibetan languages	385,150	180,140	205,005	299,420	137,555	161,865
Chinese languages	380,550	177,880	202,675	297,675	136,670	161,000
Cantonese	182,755	84,030	98,725	137,075	62,545	74,525
Hakka	2,725	1,240	1,490	700	295	410
Mandarin	179,665	85,535	94,135	146,435	67,695	78,740
Min Dong	240	105	135	65	25	35
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5,065	2,315	2,745	4,820	2,185	2,630
Wu (Shanghainese)	3,130	1,465	1,665	2,595	1,195	1,400
Chinese, n.o.s.	6,890	3,155	3,735	5,885	2,680	3,205
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	85	35	50	105	45	55
Tibeto-Burman languages	4,595	2,265	2,330	1,745	885	865
Burmese	575	260	310	720	375	350
Karenic languages	215	105	110	725	355	370
Tibetan	3,705	1,845	1,860	205	110	90
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	100	55	50	90	45	45
Tai-Kadai languages	1,635	765	865	1,380	595	785
Lao	1,050	505	540	460	225	235
Thai	575	255	320	920	370	545
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	10	5	5	10	5	5
Turkic languages	9,495	4,755	4,740	1,695	880	815
Azerbaijani	645	325	320	195	105	95
Turkish	8,155	4,070	4,090	1,310	685	630
Uyghur	225	120	105	95	50	50
Uzbek	315	165	145	45	25	20
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	150	70	80	40	20	25
Uralic languages	9,040	4,135	4,900	3,005	1,415	1,590
Estonian	650	240	410	95	40	55
Finnish	510	220	290	725	325	400
Hungarian	7,875	3,680	4,200	2,185	1,050	1,130
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	320	165	155	145	70	75
Multiple responses	561,765	270,615	291,155	232,540	110,375	122,165
English and French	13,015	5,965	7,055	6,155	2,970	3,185
English and non-official language	535,630	258,900	276,730	222,670	105,750	116,920
French and non-official language	2,390	1,055	1,340	650	290	360
English, French and non-official language	10,730	4,700	6,035	3,065	1,365	1,700
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% dataCensus data footnote 20	5,883,670	2,858,785	3,024,885	4,598,415	2,255,400	2,343,015
None	4,489,770	2,189,920	2,299,850	3,931,210	1,940,390	1,990,820
English	594,565	291,580	302,985	274,535	132,990	141,545
French	52,850	22,910	29,940	41,020	18,435	22,590
Non-official language	720,320	342,165	378,160	340,930	158,590	182,345
Aboriginal	480	205	275	7,985	3,765	4,215
Non-Aboriginal	719,840	341,955	377,885	332,945	154,820	178,125
English and French	4,015	1,855	2,165	1,195	545	650
English and non-official language	13,540	6,615	6,925	5,660	2,655	3,005
French and non-official language	8,355	3,630	4,730	3,765	1,745	2,020
English, French and non-official language	255	120	135	100	45	50
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% dataCensus data footnote 21	4,879,095	2,345,200	2,533,895	3,870,330	1,882,865	1,987,460
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	4,631,950	2,227,300	2,404,650	3,727,360	1,815,500	1,911,860
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	31,705	36,559	28,070	33,012	40,370	27,543
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	4,632,745	2,227,500	2,405,245	3,731,980	1,819,375	1,912,600
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	29,242	33,167	26,233	29,783	35,383	25,659
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	4,084,930	2,011,885	2,073,045	3,363,310	1,665,225	1,698,085
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	32,705	38,299	28,006	31,585	39,557	25,304
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	3,323,485	1,463,175	1,860,305	2,628,215	1,140,195	1,488,025
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	2,205	1,016	3,814	4,592	3,717	4,920
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	3,454,585	1,751,255	1,703,330	2,775,010	1,415,295	1,359,715
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	34,838	39,549	30,701	31,713	39,186	26,034
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 22	4,879,095	2,345,190	2,533,905	3,870,375	1,882,770	1,987,605
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	4,632,420	2,227,415	2,405,000	3,727,715	1,815,380	1,912,335
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	50,479	60,343	41,343	45,616	54,797	36,901
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	4,633,195	2,227,640	2,405,550	3,732,420	1,819,290	1,913,130
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	40,565	47,026	34,582	37,922	44,282	31,874
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	4,085,085	2,011,905	2,073,175	3,362,835	1,664,850	1,697,985
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	52,042	62,785	41,617	44,933	54,787	35,271
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	3,323,000	1,463,150	1,859,850	2,628,230	1,139,390	1,488,840
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	6,392	5,530	7,071	7,207	7,255	7,171
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	3,454,590	1,751,680	1,702,905	2,775,010	1,415,100	1,359,910
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	51,801	61,164	42,171	43,339	52,171	34,149
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 23	4,879,095	2,345,195	2,533,900	3,870,375	1,882,770	1,987,605
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 24	1,645,880	909,065	736,815	1,147,070	652,115	494,950
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)Census data footnote 25	56,454	60,974	51,880	53,940	61,004	47,039
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)Census data footnote 26	74,722	84,091	63,161	64,625	72,840	53,801
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% dataCensus data footnote 27	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)Census data footnote 28	90.9	93.9	86.8	88.9	91.7	84.9
Employment income (%)Census data footnote 29	76.5	79.7	72.1	70.8	74.4	65.8
Government transfers (%)Census data footnote 30	9.1	6.1	13.2	11.1	8.3	15.1
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% dataCensus data footnote 31	4,879,095	2,345,195	2,533,895	3,870,330	1,882,865	1,987,460
Without total income	247,145	117,900	129,245	142,970	67,370	75,600
With total income	4,631,950	2,227,295	2,404,655	3,727,360	1,815,505	1,911,860
Percentage with total income	94.9	95.0	94.9	96.3	96.4	96.2
Under $10,000 (including loss)	816,625	368,835	447,795	573,315	240,120	333,195
$10,000 to $19,999	824,160	348,745	475,420	653,915	262,225	391,685
$20,000 to $29,999	589,070	254,985	334,085	503,290	209,095	294,195
$30,000 to $39,999	463,975	209,685	254,290	424,330	188,860	235,470
$40,000 to $49,999	407,495	189,100	218,390	366,220	173,020	193,200
$50,000 to $59,999	325,105	158,480	166,620	286,310	148,095	138,215
$60,000 to $69,999	258,085	134,225	123,855	222,975	129,400	93,580
$70,000 to $79,999	203,100	111,065	92,035	171,625	103,795	67,830
$80,000 to $89,999	161,920	90,560	71,355	134,090	83,100	50,990
$90,000 to $99,999	137,570	73,985	63,585	96,825	62,825	34,005
$100,000 and over	444,845	287,620	157,225	294,475	214,980	79,500
$100,000 to $149,999	272,905	168,210	104,700	198,355	142,260	56,095
$150,000 and over	171,935	119,415	52,525	96,115	72,715	23,405
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% dataCensus data footnote 32	4,879,095	2,345,200	2,533,895	3,870,330	1,882,870	1,987,460
Without after-tax income	246,350	117,700	128,650	138,350	63,495	74,855
With after-tax income	4,632,740	2,227,495	2,405,245	3,731,980	1,819,375	1,912,605
Percentage with after-tax income	95.0	95.0	94.9	96.4	96.6	96.2
Under $10,000 (including loss)	830,700	373,605	457,095	597,310	253,480	343,835
$10,000 to $19,999	856,665	364,095	492,575	686,510	280,490	406,015
$20,000 to $29,999	673,015	294,190	378,830	593,490	252,075	341,415
$30,000 to $39,999	552,905	254,030	298,870	495,200	226,080	269,120
$40,000 to $49,999	472,370	226,445	245,925	402,535	200,565	201,965
$50,000 to $59,999	348,665	180,280	168,385	293,450	167,870	125,585
$60,000 to $69,999	256,270	141,835	114,435	210,085	128,000	82,080
$70,000 to $79,999	198,170	109,175	88,995	151,775	95,230	56,545
$80,000 and over	443,970	283,840	160,130	301,635	215,590	86,045
$80,000 to $89,999	132,515	76,100	56,410	94,700	64,330	30,370
$90,000 to $99,999	79,285	49,680	29,605	59,050	42,050	17,000
$100,000 and over	232,170	158,060	74,115	147,885	109,215	38,670
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% dataCensus data footnote 33	4,879,095	2,345,200	2,533,895	3,870,330	1,882,865	1,987,460
Without employment income	1,424,510	593,940	830,565	1,095,320	467,570	627,745
With employment income	3,454,590	1,751,260	1,703,330	2,775,010	1,415,295	1,359,715
Percentage with employment income	70.8	74.7	67.2	71.7	75.2	68.4
Under $5,000 (including loss)	432,990	203,395	229,595	441,080	204,275	236,810
$5,000 to $9,999	286,225	129,320	156,910	212,715	90,015	122,705
$10,000 to $19,999	470,970	221,325	249,645	371,875	160,350	211,525
$20,000 to $29,999	371,235	170,795	200,440	309,470	135,945	173,525
$30,000 to $39,999	336,685	157,540	179,150	282,045	126,870	155,180
$40,000 to $49,999	310,550	147,370	163,180	253,810	118,870	134,935
$50,000 to $59,999	255,620	129,510	126,105	203,885	107,605	96,280
$60,000 to $69,999	206,215	110,510	95,705	163,740	98,205	65,535
$70,000 to $79,999	166,035	93,745	72,290	132,340	82,120	50,220
$80,000 and over	618,065	387,750	230,315	404,040	291,050	112,990
$80,000 to $89,999	136,480	78,255	58,230	106,680	67,815	38,860
$90,000 to $99,999	121,935	65,620	56,320	76,470	51,990	24,480
$100,000 and over	359,645	243,875	115,775	220,890	171,245	49,645
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% dataCensus data footnote 34	2,135,910	...	...	1,881,970	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	78,373	...	...	69,995	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	68,632	...	...	61,280	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	519,790	...	...	541,915	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	39,560	...	...	35,701	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	35,294	...	...	31,899	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	1,616,120	...	...	1,340,055	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	94,463	...	...	88,466	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	82,594	...	...	77,108	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 35	2,135,910	...	...	1,881,970	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	109,480	...	...	90,354	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	87,993	...	...	75,209	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	519,930	...	...	541,925	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	55,833	...	...	46,696	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	44,755	...	...	39,091	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	1,615,980	...	...	1,340,045	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	126,740	...	...	108,010	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	101,904	...	...	89,816	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% dataCensus data footnote 36	2,135,910	...	...	1,881,965	...	...
Under $5,000	47,170	...	...	43,415	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	32,275	...	...	27,140	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	50,900	...	...	55,745	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	75,725	...	...	77,565	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	73,110	...	...	78,695	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	74,910	...	...	72,985	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	76,830	...	...	78,080	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	78,800	...	...	78,395	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	78,620	...	...	76,775	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	77,375	...	...	75,860	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	150,140	...	...	143,475	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	141,320	...	...	132,845	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	131,390	...	...	122,350	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	122,205	...	...	111,350	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	113,055	...	...	99,420	...	...
$100,000 and over	812,085	...	...	607,855	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	229,055	...	...	198,140	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	167,755	...	...	138,420	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	200,605	...	...	149,210	...	...
$200,000 and over	214,660	...	...	122,080	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% dataCensus data footnote 32	2,135,905	...	...	1,881,965	...	...
Under $5,000	49,905	...	...	46,350	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	32,655	...	...	27,605	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	51,760	...	...	56,780	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	78,605	...	...	80,315	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	80,190	...	...	89,795	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	82,520	...	...	88,035	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	87,360	...	...	93,640	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	92,550	...	...	92,220	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	95,185	...	...	91,635	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	93,510	...	...	88,520	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	179,885	...	...	165,685	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	165,340	...	...	150,650	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	153,020	...	...	136,430	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	136,810	...	...	118,520	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	118,465	...	...	101,185	...	...
$100,000 and over	638,165	...	...	454,595	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	229,315	...	...	187,490	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	149,930	...	...	111,260	...	...
$150,000 and over	258,915	...	...	155,845	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% dataCensus data footnote 37	1,557,640	...	...	1,276,275	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	94,132	...	...	88,451	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	82,232	...	...	77,002	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.3	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	423,565	...	...	519,030	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	85,201	...	...	80,788	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	73,904	...	...	70,464	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	822,810	...	...	536,175	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	114,050	...	...	111,736	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	98,699	...	...	96,176	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	4.1	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	257,415	...	...	179,945	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	57,120	...	...	51,056	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	52,715	...	...	46,668	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 38	1,556,795	...	...	1,275,865	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	127,226	...	...	108,241	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	102,021	...	...	89,792	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	423,700	...	...	518,295	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	120,527	...	...	100,772	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	94,618	...	...	83,021	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	823,190	...	...	536,580	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	148,914	...	...	131,213	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	118,944	...	...	108,407	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	255,745	...	...	179,615	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	73,609	...	...	63,004	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	62,869	...	...	54,655	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% dataCensus data footnote 21	747,115	353,075	394,040	768,855	373,390	395,465
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)Census data footnote 39	32,613	33,636	31,818	31,255	33,342	29,674
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)Census data footnote 39	29,868	30,519	29,362	28,320	29,815	27,221
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 40	745,705	351,920	393,790	766,660	371,595	395,060
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)Census data footnote 41	47,973	50,595	45,630	41,666	44,615	38,892
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)Census data footnote 41	39,048	40,380	37,857	35,191	37,100	33,395
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% dataCensus data footnote 42	5,862,855	2,849,955	3,012,895	4,560,235	2,237,490	2,322,745
In the bottom half of the distribution	2,813,285	1,338,400	1,474,885	2,265,245	1,078,695	1,186,555
In the bottom decile	652,620	315,260	337,360	537,405	258,275	279,140
In the second decile	583,750	269,305	314,445	449,395	205,320	244,075
In the third decile	539,335	254,260	285,075	420,355	198,845	221,510
In the fourth decile	518,440	248,375	270,065	422,805	203,710	219,095
In the fifth decile	519,140	251,205	267,935	435,290	212,555	222,735
In the top half of the distribution	3,049,570	1,511,555	1,538,015	2,294,990	1,158,795	1,136,195
In the sixth decile	528,520	256,980	271,540	442,070	218,225	223,845
In the seventh decile	546,775	267,890	278,885	451,795	226,240	225,555
In the eighth decile	580,185	286,725	293,460	462,900	233,935	228,970
In the ninth decile	639,880	318,340	321,540	473,535	241,165	232,375
In the top decile	754,210	381,625	372,590	464,685	239,235	225,450
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% dataCensus data footnote 43	5,862,595	2,849,835	3,012,760	4,477,875	2,196,415	2,281,460
0 to 17 years	1,195,910	614,060	581,850	822,390	422,685	399,710
0 to 5 years	374,440	191,880	182,555	260,110	133,670	126,445
18 to 64 years	3,851,275	1,866,775	1,984,495	2,876,495	1,404,390	1,472,105
65 years and over	815,415	369,005	446,405	778,990	369,345	409,645
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	912,405	430,210	482,200	694,960	325,015	369,940
0 to 17 years	235,120	121,220	113,905	151,880	78,110	73,770
0 to 5 years	75,855	39,055	36,795	46,920	24,035	22,885
18 to 64 years	565,145	264,585	300,560	427,085	198,475	228,615
65 years and over	112,140	44,405	67,735	115,990	48,430	67,560
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	15.6	15.1	16.0	15.5	14.8	16.2
0 to 17 years (%)	19.7	19.7	19.6	18.5	18.5	18.5
0 to 5 years (%)	20.3	20.4	20.2	18.0	18.0	18.1
18 to 64 years (%)	14.7	14.2	15.1	14.8	14.1	15.5
65 years and over (%)	13.8	12.0	15.2	14.9	13.1	16.5
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	749,935	359,355	390,585	491,645	236,430	255,215
0 to 17 years	178,525	91,985	86,540	99,330	50,890	48,450
0 to 5 years	58,105	29,855	28,245	29,250	14,930	14,315
18 to 64 years	499,350	239,960	259,390	345,345	165,740	179,605
65 years and over	72,065	27,410	44,660	46,965	19,805	27,165
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	12.8	12.6	13.0	11.0	10.8	11.2
0 to 17 years (%)	14.9	15.0	14.9	12.1	12.0	12.1
0 to 5 years (%)	15.5	15.6	15.5	11.2	11.2	11.3
18 to 64 years (%)	13.0	12.9	13.1	12.0	11.8	12.2
65 years and over (%)	8.8	7.4	10.0	6.0	5.4	6.6
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 44	5,862,855	2,849,990	3,012,865	4,560,235	2,237,490	2,322,745
Official languages	5,605,085	2,747,700	2,857,380	4,407,125	2,173,840	2,233,285
English	5,600,485	2,745,820	2,854,665	4,405,380	2,173,040	2,232,340
French	466,820	200,835	265,990	314,225	140,085	174,140
Non-official languages	3,115,825	1,485,485	1,630,340	1,546,550	727,200	819,355
Aboriginal languages	1,105	450	655	17,190	8,115	9,075
Algonquian languages	940	395	545	1,950	905	1,045
Blackfoot	10	0	0	35	0	35
Cree-Montagnais languages	190	90	95	1,600	795	805
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	15	0	10
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	10	0	10
Plains Cree	50	30	20	345	160	180
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	30	10	15	55	25	30
Woods Cree	15	10	0	80	45	40
Cree, n.o.s.	100	45	55	1,090	560	525
Eastern Algonquian languages	45	20	25	30	20	10
Malecite	0	0	0	10	10	0
Mi'kmaq	45	25	25	25	15	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	705	280	425	310	100	205
Algonquin	15	10	10	20	0	15
Ojibway	675	270	405	275	95	180
Oji-Cree	10	0	10	15	0	15
Ottawa (Odawa)	20	10	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	10	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	15	0	10	4,375	2,050	2,330
Northern Athabaskan languages	10	10	10	4,345	2,035	2,315
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	200	100	95
Beaver	0	0	0	255	130	130
Carrier	0	0	0	2,045	940	1,110
Chilcotin	0	0	0	1,130	525	605
Dene	10	0	10	130	55	80
Dogrib (Tlicho)	10	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	185	85	100
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	125	60	75
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	10	0	10
South Slavey	0	0	0	25	15	10
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	105	45	60
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	290	155	130
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	35	20	15
Tahltan	0	0	0	250	135	120
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	10
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	10	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	15	10
Haida	0	0	0	455	195	255
Inuit languages	20	10	10	170	70	95
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	20	10	10
Inuktitut	15	0	0	120	50	70
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	10	10	10	35	15	25
Iroquoian languages	60	20	40	30	10	15
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	45	15	35	25	10	15
Oneida	10	10	10	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	10	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	170	95	80
Michif	15	10	0	110	50	60
Salish languages	10	0	0	5,660	2,690	2,970
Comox	0	0	0	185	75	105
Halkomelem	0	0	0	1,045	470	570
Lillooet	0	0	0	790	405	385
Okanagan	10	0	0	805	360	445
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	1,280	630	650
Squamish	0	0	0	280	125	155
Straits	0	0	0	360	160	200
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	440	220	220
Salish languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	540	280	260
Siouan languages	0	0	10	55	20	35
Dakota	10	0	0	30	15	15
Stoney	0	0	10	10	10	10
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	10
Tlingit	0	0	0	60	40	20
Tsimshian languages	10	0	10	2,685	1,330	1,350
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	1,275	635	645
Nisga'a	0	0	0	1,035	535	500
Tsimshian	0	0	0	405	180	230
Wakashan languages	0	0	10	1,460	670	795
Haisla	0	0	0	175	65	105
Heiltsuk	10	0	0	120	50	70
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	590	275	315
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	560	265	295
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	15	10
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	30	20	15	240	105	135
Non-Aboriginal languages	3,114,775	1,485,055	1,629,720	1,529,635	719,190	810,440
Afro-Asiatic languages	211,335	106,115	105,215	35,115	18,585	16,530
Berber languages	245	135	110	145	95	45
Kabyle	80	40	40	65	40	25
Berber languages, n.i.e.	170	95	75	80	60	20
Cushitic languages	20,445	8,910	11,530	2,070	955	1,120
Bilen	85	50	35	20	10	15
Oromo	1,390	590	800	245	140	110
Somali	18,965	8,250	10,715	1,800	815	985
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	85	30	50	10	0	10
Semitic languages	191,925	97,710	94,215	33,110	17,660	15,460
Amharic	11,440	5,325	6,115	2,095	1,050	1,045
Arabic	125,970	65,090	60,880	24,230	13,180	11,050
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	12,500	6,090	6,410	760	370	390
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	2,220	1,110	1,105	570	285	285
Harari	1,250	635	620	55	35	20
Hebrew	38,385	19,590	18,795	5,450	2,805	2,645
Maltese	4,675	2,295	2,380	315	155	155
Tigrigna	5,960	2,790	3,180	1,055	560	495
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	1,135	555	580	300	160	140
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	720	335	390	170	85	85
Austro-Asiatic languages	67,000	30,750	36,245	35,915	17,130	18,785
Khmer (Cambodian)	4,340	1,900	2,445	1,875	850	1,020
Vietnamese	62,935	29,000	33,935	34,140	16,295	17,840
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	40	0	35	55	30	25
Austronesian languages	205,810	81,995	123,815	125,425	51,215	74,210
Bikol	580	260	325	530	215	310
Cebuano	7,350	2,960	4,395	5,365	2,000	3,370
Fijian	50	20	30	1,095	655	440
Hiligaynon	2,545	1,015	1,530	1,685	710	975
Ilocano	12,740	5,000	7,740	6,450	2,480	3,970
Malagasy	90	45	45	25	15	10
Malay	7,305	3,360	3,945	7,495	3,480	4,010
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	1,600	735	875	855	365	495
Pangasinan	450	200	255	480	205	275
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	193,480	76,640	116,840	113,265	45,455	67,805
Waray-Waray	320	100	220	320	130	195
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	1,275	525	750	1,515	740	775
Creole languages	16,750	7,530	9,220	2,485	1,320	1,165
Haitian Creole	645	290	355	135	55	75
Creole, n.o.s.	9,125	4,110	5,015	1,310	730	585
Creole languages, n.i.e.	7,130	3,185	3,945	1,055	540	515
Dravidian languages	176,480	87,740	88,740	10,390	5,485	4,905
Kannada	4,470	2,245	2,215	510	250	265
Malayalam	17,255	8,785	8,475	3,350	1,795	1,550
Tamil	146,145	71,915	74,225	5,445	2,830	2,610
Telugu	13,615	7,460	6,150	1,720	970	750
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	440	225	210	85	30	55
Hmong-Mien languages	25	10	15	165	85	80
Indo-European languages	1,768,825	861,040	907,780	764,815	371,760	393,060
Albanian	15,375	7,695	7,680	1,640	840	795
Armenian	15,225	7,275	7,950	1,680	845	835
Balto-Slavic languages	300,880	140,300	160,580	94,050	44,710	49,340
Baltic languages	6,340	2,595	3,745	1,030	515	520
Latvian	2,630	1,115	1,520	555	290	265
Lithuanian	3,710	1,480	2,230	475	220	250
Slavic languages	296,240	138,420	157,820	93,235	44,305	48,940
Belarusan	945	495	450	245	115	125
Bosnian	4,355	2,110	2,250	2,075	1,020	1,050
Bulgarian	8,055	3,940	4,120	2,430	1,105	1,325
Croatian	23,785	11,605	12,180	10,685	5,255	5,430
Czech	6,300	2,975	3,325	7,480	3,665	3,815
Macedonian	16,730	8,025	8,700	400	220	185
Polish	83,545	38,245	45,300	19,175	8,980	10,190
Russian	111,165	51,675	59,485	33,990	15,850	18,135
Serbian	27,390	13,560	13,830	9,110	4,625	4,485
Serbo-Croatian	2,865	1,390	1,475	1,525	770	750
Slovak	6,085	2,790	3,295	4,270	2,045	2,225
Slovene (Slovenian)	4,450	2,010	2,440	1,375	610	760
Ukrainian	38,030	17,050	20,980	10,740	4,835	5,905
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	630	360	265	420	215	205
Celtic languages	1,910	985	920	1,855	990	865
Scottish Gaelic	650	325	320	660	395	265
Welsh	235	115	125	345	145	195
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	1,025	550	475	860	450	410
Germanic languages	80,940	38,460	42,480	136,685	65,350	71,335
Afrikaans	4,255	2,095	2,160	7,670	3,875	3,800
Danish	2,125	965	1,165	5,510	2,490	3,020
Dutch	11,655	5,440	6,215	24,060	11,520	12,550
Frisian	195	75	115	465	230	240
German	55,040	26,285	28,755	95,005	45,840	49,165
Icelandic	130	55	75	405	210	195
Norwegian	960	460	500	2,845	1,425	1,415
Swedish	2,570	1,165	1,410	4,825	2,125	2,695
Vlaams (Flemish)	265	110	150	545	270	275
Yiddish	6,510	3,200	3,305	505	225	280
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	105	50	55	155	95	60
Greek	60,400	29,665	30,735	9,095	4,725	4,370
Indo-Iranian languages	765,115	386,165	378,955	363,205	181,340	181,865
Indo-Aryan languages	639,795	323,555	316,245	311,955	155,465	156,490
Bengali	48,410	24,580	23,830	3,670	1,885	1,785
Gujarati	87,570	43,795	43,770	11,500	5,455	6,050
Hindi	207,780	105,570	102,210	81,330	39,950	41,380
Kashmiri	475	240	235	60	30	25
Konkani	4,995	2,265	2,730	415	215	200
Marathi	8,630	4,460	4,170	1,475	780	695
Nepali	6,385	3,155	3,235	1,485	725	760
Oriya (Odia)	930	445	480	70	40	30
Punjabi (Panjabi)	243,875	125,225	118,655	244,485	122,450	122,035
Sindhi	9,685	4,545	5,135	3,300	1,415	1,885
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	15,135	7,605	7,525	2,430	1,265	1,170
Urdu	194,390	98,385	96,005	16,750	8,840	7,915
Iranian languages	130,695	65,170	65,520	52,300	26,435	25,870
Kurdish	3,845	2,175	1,670	2,225	1,185	1,040
Pashto	11,400	6,040	5,365	1,660	940	725
Persian (Farsi)	119,790	59,470	60,320	49,835	25,135	24,690
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	3,515	1,895	1,620	935	490	450
Italic (Romance) languages	567,300	268,895	298,410	177,685	83,505	94,185
Catalan	315	165	150	395	210	180
Italian	220,425	105,435	114,985	37,475	18,075	19,400
Portuguese	134,220	64,585	69,640	23,260	11,060	12,200
Romanian	29,765	13,805	15,965	10,045	4,945	5,105
Spanish	206,090	95,990	110,100	115,115	53,215	61,900
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	655	320	340	380	245	140
Japanese	17,460	7,535	9,920	36,990	15,955	21,040
Kartvelian languages	1,465	740	725	115	55	60
Georgian	1,465	740	725	115	55	55
Korean	62,350	29,150	33,205	57,490	26,310	31,180
Mongolic languages	445	190	255	370	170	200
Mongolian	445	190	255	370	165	195
Niger-Congo languages	47,720	22,705	25,015	8,025	4,130	3,895
Akan (Twi)	13,715	6,345	7,365	630	350	280
Bamanankan	200	110	90	30	20	15
Edo	1,890	825	1,070	145	80	60
Ewe	520	270	250	135	90	45
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	485	245	240	105	30	70
Ga	1,005	490	515	150	95	50
Ganda	865	410	455	165	80	85
Igbo	2,925	1,445	1,475	425	240	185
Lingala	2,080	895	1,185	280	125	150
Rundi (Kirundi)	535	255	285	125	45	75
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	695	295	400	290	125	165
Shona	1,175	515	655	415	220	195
Swahili	10,350	5,110	5,240	3,365	1,785	1,575
Wolof	415	185	230	50	25	30
Yoruba	7,935	3,980	3,960	885	455	435
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	6,340	2,935	3,405	1,835	840	1,000
Nilo-Saharan languages	500	285	215	405	210	200
Dinka	85	65	25	85	50	35
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	415	220	195	325	155	165
Sign languages	5,980	2,555	3,425	7,545	2,865	4,680
American Sign Language	3,505	1,325	2,175	3,860	1,280	2,575
Quebec Sign Language	10	0	15	10	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	2,575	1,280	1,295	3,780	1,615	2,160
Sino-Tibetan languages	581,165	272,700	308,470	457,595	211,220	246,375
Chinese languages	574,095	269,220	304,875	454,885	209,850	245,030
Cantonese	306,700	142,590	164,115	234,445	108,485	125,960
Hakka	7,185	3,150	4,035	2,715	1,290	1,430
Mandarin	313,605	145,835	167,765	265,635	119,995	145,640
Min Dong	710	285	425	130	55	75
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	13,985	6,265	7,715	16,410	7,230	9,185
Wu (Shanghainese)	6,885	3,200	3,685	5,600	2,445	3,155
Chinese, n.o.s.	11,470	5,200	6,270	10,380	4,725	5,650
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	135	75	60	200	75	120
Tibeto-Burman languages	7,455	3,695	3,770	3,000	1,500	1,505
Burmese	1,325	600	720	1,490	730	755
Karenic languages	245	115	135	955	485	465
Tibetan	5,465	2,725	2,740	375	205	165
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	500	290	210	330	150	180
Tai-Kadai languages	5,070	2,155	2,915	5,635	2,190	3,450
Lao	2,895	1,370	1,525	1,630	735	890
Thai	2,450	915	1,535	4,275	1,535	2,740
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	30	10	20	10	10	0
Turkic languages	24,680	12,835	11,845	6,785	3,685	3,095
Azerbaijani	2,645	1,345	1,300	945	510	435
Turkish	20,745	10,830	9,915	5,585	3,025	2,555
Uyghur	490	225	265	115	60	55
Uzbek	815	440	375	170	95	75
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	560	270	290	275	140	130
Uralic languages	27,660	12,555	15,095	15,280	7,095	8,185
Estonian	2,995	1,295	1,705	780	350	425
Finnish	2,835	1,215	1,615	4,030	1,640	2,385
Hungarian	21,890	10,070	11,830	10,495	5,100	5,395
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	10
Other languages, n.i.e.	2,300	1,195	1,105	1,045	575	470
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 45	5,862,855	2,849,990	3,012,860	4,560,235	2,237,485	2,322,750
Canadian citizensCensus data footnote 46	5,134,440	2,503,870	2,630,575	4,138,300	2,038,285	2,100,015
Canadian citizens aged under 18	1,102,940	565,995	536,940	790,485	406,970	383,510
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	4,031,505	1,937,875	2,093,635	3,347,820	1,631,310	1,716,505
Not Canadian citizensCensus data footnote 47	728,410	346,120	382,285	421,935	199,205	222,735
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 48	5,862,855	2,849,990	3,012,860	4,560,240	2,237,490	2,322,750
Non-immigrantsCensus data footnote 49	3,020,405	1,511,930	1,508,475	3,167,155	1,584,305	1,582,855
ImmigrantsCensus data footnote 50	2,705,550	1,269,995	1,435,560	1,292,675	603,800	688,875
Before 1981	611,635	284,800	326,830	356,155	171,330	184,825
1981 to 1990	370,195	177,010	193,190	152,220	70,475	81,750
1991 to 2000	638,770	298,245	340,520	287,505	132,190	155,315
2001 to 2010	728,025	341,100	386,925	321,240	147,250	173,985
2001 to 2005	379,400	178,780	200,620	147,735	67,425	80,305
2006 to 2010	348,620	162,320	186,305	173,505	79,825	93,680
2011 to 2016Census data footnote 51	356,930	168,835	188,095	175,555	82,555	92,995
Non-permanent residentsCensus data footnote 52	136,895	68,065	68,830	100,405	49,385	51,020
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 53	2,705,550	1,269,990	1,435,560	1,292,670	603,800	688,875
Under 5 years	225,470	112,150	113,325	112,665	56,495	56,175
5 to 14 years	449,875	226,440	223,440	212,710	108,975	103,730
15 to 24 years	588,860	261,700	327,155	279,495	126,690	152,805
25 to 44 years	1,154,390	541,415	612,980	537,500	242,185	295,310
45 years and over	286,960	128,295	158,665	150,305	69,455	80,845
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 54	2,705,550	1,269,990	1,435,560	1,292,675	603,800	688,875
Americas	409,865	181,700	228,165	110,850	50,515	60,330
Brazil	10,625	4,950	5,675	3,800	1,545	2,260
Colombia	17,150	7,850	9,295	3,915	1,720	2,195
El Salvador	11,110	5,535	5,580	5,425	2,710	2,715
Guyana	69,025	30,505	38,515	1,305	600	710
Haiti	2,590	1,225	1,370	570	250	315
Jamaica	99,660	41,700	57,960	3,505	1,770	1,735
Mexico	11,395	5,070	6,320	10,375	4,425	5,945
Peru	8,095	3,600	4,500	3,265	1,330	1,930
Trinidad and Tobago	43,135	19,035	24,095	2,620	1,205	1,415
United StatesCensus data footnote 55	46,695	21,755	24,940	57,780	26,425	31,355
Other places of birth in Americas	90,390	40,480	49,915	18,295	8,530	9,765
Europe	617,555	291,735	325,815	319,885	156,975	162,915
Bosnia and Herzegovina	9,630	4,760	4,875	4,570	2,230	2,345
Croatia	12,010	5,760	6,250	5,780	2,945	2,830
France	6,890	3,220	3,670	5,700	2,895	2,805
Germany	22,970	10,725	12,240	35,045	16,835	18,210
Greece	27,885	13,595	14,290	3,630	1,965	1,670
Hungary	11,925	5,380	6,540	6,175	3,145	3,030
IrelandCensus data footnote 56	8,115	3,955	4,160	5,890	3,090	2,795
Italy	103,620	50,525	53,090	15,405	8,050	7,355
Netherlands	7,620	3,700	3,915	18,225	9,365	8,855
Poland	57,450	25,810	31,640	15,115	6,965	8,145
Portugal	71,045	34,235	36,810	8,215	4,125	4,090
Romania	25,515	11,630	13,890	8,995	4,400	4,595
Russian Federation	34,385	14,875	19,510	10,920	4,700	6,215
SerbiaCensus data footnote 57	13,080	6,355	6,725	4,480	2,225	2,260
Ukraine	32,110	14,690	17,420	7,500	3,520	3,980
United KingdomCensus data footnote 58	99,165	47,375	51,790	123,810	60,975	62,835
Other places of birth in Europe	74,130	35,130	38,995	40,425	19,545	20,880
Africa	152,755	73,585	79,165	42,805	21,500	21,310
Algeria	1,240	650	595	485	310	175
Egypt	24,820	12,865	11,950	2,705	1,480	1,225
Ethiopia	10,865	4,965	5,900	2,070	1,015	1,060
Kenya	11,305	5,165	6,140	4,705	2,175	2,535
Morocco	3,480	1,700	1,780	985	535	455
Nigeria	16,400	8,135	8,260	1,740	925	815
Somalia	10,850	4,350	6,500	1,080	515	570
South Africa, Republic of	13,040	6,345	6,690	13,375	6,700	6,675
Other places of birth in Africa	60,760	29,410	31,355	15,645	7,840	7,800
Asia	1,518,125	719,445	798,680	788,055	359,835	428,220
Afghanistan	25,420	12,730	12,690	5,040	2,550	2,490
Bangladesh	32,385	16,330	16,055	2,125	1,080	1,040
ChinaCensus data footnote 59	266,840	121,555	145,290	199,990	89,145	110,845
Hong KongCensus data footnote 60	100,060	46,985	53,080	74,210	34,120	40,090
India	307,275	153,190	154,085	162,650	79,395	83,245
IranCensus data footnote 61	74,530	37,130	37,395	37,160	18,890	18,270
Iraq	29,230	14,640	14,595	5,550	2,855	2,690
Japan	5,880	1,905	3,975	13,365	3,840	9,520
Korea, SouthCensus data footnote 62	45,700	21,285	24,420	41,515	18,870	22,645
Lebanon	13,610	7,315	6,295	2,235	1,290	950
Pakistan	119,085	60,120	58,960	10,665	5,470	5,190
Philippines	192,265	78,690	113,570	112,100	45,890	66,210
Sri Lanka	101,550	49,580	51,965	4,585	2,360	2,230
SyriaCensus data footnote 63	10,830	5,430	5,400	2,845	1,450	1,400
Taiwan	14,980	6,510	8,465	38,900	17,450	21,450
Viet Nam	59,365	26,830	32,540	27,875	12,970	14,905
Other places of birth in Asia	119,120	59,225	59,900	47,255	22,215	25,045
Oceania and other places of birthCensus data footnote 64	7,260	3,525	3,730	31,075	14,975	16,100
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 54	356,930	168,835	188,095	175,555	82,555	92,995
Americas	40,810	19,490	21,320	14,550	7,160	7,385
Brazil	2,595	1,225	1,370	1,145	525	615
Colombia	2,610	1,220	1,385	580	250	325
Cuba	1,200	535	660	140	60	80
Haiti	865	415	450	35	35	10
Jamaica	7,300	3,825	3,475	625	355	265
Mexico	3,045	1,450	1,590	2,885	1,420	1,460
United StatesCensus data footnote 55	8,075	4,090	3,990	6,485	3,290	3,190
VenezuelaCensus data footnote 65	1,880	875	1,005	270	115	155
Other places of birth in Americas	13,250	5,845	7,395	2,380	1,105	1,275
Europe	31,805	15,585	16,225	19,735	10,260	9,475
France	1,400	675	725	970	510	460
Germany	915	490	420	1,450	775	675
IrelandCensus data footnote 56	1,490	935	560	1,430	900	530
MoldovaCensus data footnote 66	775	365	415	245	120	125
Romania	1,490	590	900	690	310	380
Russian Federation	3,935	1,430	2,505	1,735	620	1,110
Ukraine	3,655	1,690	1,960	1,230	495	735
United KingdomCensus data footnote 58	3,990	2,385	1,605	6,540	3,840	2,695
Other places of birth in Europe	14,150	7,020	7,135	5,455	2,685	2,765
Africa	24,760	12,150	12,615	6,200	3,150	3,050
Algeria	205	95	115	65	40	20
Cameroon	805	355	450	65	25	35
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	565	250	315	150	80	75
Côte d'Ivoire	290	135	150	20	10	10
Egypt	5,975	3,105	2,870	625	340	290
Eritrea	1,065	520	540	320	175	145
Ethiopia	1,665	755	915	305	170	140
Morocco	365	145	220	205	115	95
Nigeria	4,805	2,340	2,460	645	325	315
Somalia	1,155	555	600	355	145	215
South Africa, Republic of	810	440	370	1,625	815	810
Tunisia	125	90	40	80	30	45
Other places of birth in Africa	6,950	3,375	3,575	1,745	890	860
Asia	258,265	120,865	137,405	131,880	60,140	71,735
Afghanistan	4,615	2,315	2,300	870	455	415
Bangladesh	6,870	3,400	3,465	470	230	245
ChinaCensus data footnote 59	49,815	22,155	27,660	38,105	16,965	21,140
Hong KongCensus data footnote 60	1,815	730	1,085	1,800	770	1,030
India	58,820	29,560	29,260	27,460	13,780	13,680
IranCensus data footnote 61	18,635	9,020	9,620	8,645	4,315	4,330
Iraq	8,270	4,125	4,150	1,910	940	965
Israel	1,665	880	785	365	205	160
Japan	965	265	700	2,285	570	1,715
Korea, SouthCensus data footnote 62	4,885	2,215	2,665	8,025	3,430	4,595
Lebanon	1,440	780	660	265	155	110
Nepal	2,430	1,245	1,190	310	115	195
Pakistan	21,750	10,650	11,100	1,965	990	975
Philippines	43,590	17,995	25,595	26,680	11,615	15,065
Saudi Arabia	2,135	1,085	1,045	400	180	215
Sri Lanka	7,395	3,220	4,175	535	265	265
SyriaCensus data footnote 63	5,505	2,855	2,650	2,185	1,095	1,085
Taiwan	760	300	460	2,505	970	1,530
Turkey	2,055	1,145	910	395	220	170
United Arab Emirates	3,375	1,695	1,680	385	195	195
Viet Nam	2,690	1,060	1,625	1,780	685	1,090
Other places of birth in Asia	8,780	4,155	4,625	4,545	1,980	2,560
Oceania and otherCensus data footnote 64	1,285	755	535	3,185	1,845	1,340
Australia	1,005	615	390	1,920	1,130	790
Other places of birthCensus data footnote 67	285	140	150	1,265	715	550
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 68	5,862,855	2,849,990	3,012,865	4,560,240	2,237,490	2,322,750
First generationCensus data footnote 69	2,874,265	1,354,410	1,519,860	1,426,450	670,440	756,010
Second generationCensus data footnote 70	1,676,530	844,955	831,575	1,043,860	523,340	520,520
Third generation or moreCensus data footnote 71	1,312,060	650,630	661,430	2,089,925	1,043,705	1,046,225
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 72	2,129,485	1,002,290	1,127,200	955,955	442,040	513,915
Economic immigrantsCensus data footnote 73	1,063,255	525,765	537,490	537,875	258,560	279,315
Principal applicantsCensus data footnote 74	424,005	261,635	162,370	209,685	123,645	86,040
Secondary applicantsCensus data footnote 75	639,250	264,130	375,115	328,185	134,915	193,275
Immigrants sponsored by familyCensus data footnote 76	717,295	293,165	424,130	323,440	133,775	189,670
RefugeesCensus data footnote 77	319,285	169,830	149,460	82,360	44,250	38,110
Other immigrantsCensus data footnote 78	29,655	13,530	16,120	12,285	5,455	6,825
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 79	5,862,855	2,849,995	3,012,860	4,560,240	2,237,490	2,322,750
Aboriginal identityCensus data footnote 80	46,320	21,815	24,505	270,585	130,265	140,320
Single Aboriginal responsesCensus data footnote 81	43,735	20,505	23,230	263,540	127,115	136,425
First Nations (North American Indian)Census data footnote 82	27,800	12,935	14,875	172,520	83,645	88,880
Métis	15,240	7,245	7,995	89,405	42,715	46,690
Inuk (Inuit)	690	320	365	1,610	760	855
Multiple Aboriginal responsesCensus data footnote 83	1,130	530	595	4,350	2,090	2,260
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhereCensus data footnote 84	1,455	780	670	2,695	1,060	1,635
Non-Aboriginal identity	5,816,540	2,828,180	2,988,360	4,289,655	2,107,225	2,182,430
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 85	5,862,855	2,849,990	3,012,860	4,560,240	2,237,485	2,322,750
Registered or Treaty IndianCensus data footnote 86	14,865	6,865	8,005	135,835	65,560	70,280
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	5,847,985	2,843,125	3,004,860	4,424,400	2,171,930	2,252,470
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 87	5,862,855	2,849,990	3,012,860	4,560,240	2,237,490	2,322,750
Aboriginal ancestry (only)Census data footnote 88	7,435	3,410	4,020	91,710	45,690	46,020
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)Census data footnote 89	7,255	3,325	3,930	90,390	45,100	45,295
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestryCensus data footnote 82	5,765	2,610	3,155	79,875	39,685	40,190
Métis single ancestry	1,375	665	715	10,080	5,215	4,865
Inuit single ancestry	120	55	65	430	200	235
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)Census data footnote 90	175	85	90	1,325	595	725
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	125	65	60	1,175	535	635
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	25	10	10	100	50	50
Métis and Inuit ancestries	15	0	15	45	10	45
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	20	15	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestriesCensus data footnote 91	66,540	31,435	35,105	211,100	100,835	110,260
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestriesCensus data footnote 92	64,835	30,640	34,190	201,895	96,650	105,245
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	49,115	23,300	25,815	130,020	62,170	67,850
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	14,790	6,905	7,890	70,180	33,595	36,585
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	930	435	490	1,700	890	815
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestriesCensus data footnote 93	1,710	795	910	9,200	4,185	5,015
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	1,445	655	785	8,865	4,050	4,810
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	170	80	85	165	75	90
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	90	50	45	125	35	90
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	10	0	45	20	20
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)Census data footnote 94	5,788,885	2,815,145	2,973,735	4,257,430	2,090,960	2,166,465
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 95	5,862,855	2,849,990	3,012,860	4,560,240	2,237,490	2,322,750
Total visible minority populationCensus data footnote 96	3,011,905	1,449,235	1,562,675	1,381,235	658,260	722,975
South AsianCensus data footnote 97	973,225	490,875	482,350	365,705	183,650	182,055
Chinese	631,050	300,215	330,830	508,480	237,805	270,670
Black	442,020	204,665	237,350	43,500	22,455	21,045
Filipino	254,475	108,655	145,825	145,025	62,505	82,520
Latin American	132,945	63,735	69,210	44,115	20,600	23,515
Arab	105,610	54,840	50,770	19,840	10,865	8,980
Southeast AsianCensus data footnote 98	83,535	39,210	44,335	54,920	25,975	28,950
West AsianCensus data footnote 99	123,760	61,875	61,885	48,695	24,880	23,810
Korean	69,670	33,180	36,485	60,495	27,915	32,580
Japanese	20,655	8,970	11,685	41,230	17,435	23,800
Visible minority, n.i.e.Census data footnote 100	77,780	36,315	41,465	8,760	4,280	4,485
Multiple visible minoritiesCensus data footnote 101	97,190	46,700	50,490	40,465	19,900	20,565
Not a visible minorityCensus data footnote 102	2,850,950	1,400,760	1,450,190	3,179,005	1,579,230	1,599,775
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 103	5,862,855	2,849,995	3,012,865	4,560,240	2,237,490	2,322,750
North American Aboriginal origins	73,975	34,840	39,130	302,810	146,530	156,280
First Nations (North American Indian)	56,655	26,735	29,915	220,245	106,595	113,650
Inuit	1,360	645	710	2,615	1,280	1,340
Métis	17,860	8,350	9,505	90,515	43,460	47,050
Other North American origins	786,975	390,020	396,955	922,690	460,355	462,335
Acadian	4,215	2,085	2,125	3,940	1,960	1,980
American	49,455	23,985	25,470	78,170	37,765	40,405
Canadian	746,965	370,515	376,445	866,530	432,975	433,560
New Brunswicker	85	55	35	60	45	15
Newfoundlander	3,280	1,675	1,605	1,875	995	880
Nova Scotian	645	295	355	185	95	85
Ontarian	645	370	275	130	55	75
Québécois	1,570	780	785	1,830	945	880
Other North American origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 104	245	130	115	405	175	230
European origins	2,760,845	1,345,375	1,415,470	2,857,080	1,408,510	1,448,575
British Isles origins	1,287,260	629,030	658,230	1,926,040	945,580	980,460
Channel Islander	445	235	210	455	230	220
Cornish	205	105	95	610	340	265
English	732,555	358,040	374,515	1,203,540	585,700	617,845
Irish	544,380	260,305	284,070	675,135	318,455	356,675
Manx	815	475	345	1,810	835	975
Scottish	543,760	263,155	280,605	860,775	417,080	443,700
Welsh	56,210	26,940	29,275	113,905	54,260	59,645
British Isles origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 105	107,900	51,560	56,340	122,700	59,225	63,475
French origins	248,150	117,595	130,555	388,815	184,705	204,110
Alsatian	355	140	215	210	95	115
Breton	60	35	20	110	45	65
Corsican	60	30	30	105	40	65
French	247,790	117,430	130,360	388,580	184,595	203,980
Western European origins (except French origins)	396,070	192,485	203,585	839,860	411,165	428,695
Austrian	30,375	14,775	15,600	48,510	23,030	25,485
Bavarian	155	65	85	225	105	120
Belgian	9,770	4,540	5,230	19,980	9,615	10,360
Dutch	98,890	47,530	51,360	213,670	105,040	108,630
Flemish	910	430	475	2,215	1,145	1,075
Frisian	400	230	165	850	425	425
German	271,815	132,610	139,205	603,265	294,860	308,410
Luxembourger	305	145	155	695	340	355
Swiss	14,705	7,290	7,415	31,390	15,510	15,880
Western European origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 106	530	260	275	905	425	485
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	69,205	33,340	35,865	346,525	166,100	180,425
Danish	15,455	7,630	7,825	58,205	27,985	30,220
Finnish	16,385	7,650	8,735	34,150	16,285	17,870
Icelandic	3,985	2,005	1,985	26,410	12,860	13,545
Norwegian	16,390	8,040	8,345	138,430	66,870	71,565
Swedish	18,590	8,565	10,020	110,030	51,000	59,030
Northern European origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 107	3,515	1,665	1,845	15,080	7,610	7,470
Eastern European origins	596,425	284,470	311,955	569,260	275,900	293,360
Bulgarian	11,220	5,545	5,675	4,015	1,875	2,140
Byelorussian	8,240	4,040	4,205	2,760	1,400	1,365
Czech	16,630	8,030	8,600	23,375	11,500	11,875
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.Census data footnote 108	4,755	2,275	2,480	7,970	3,795	4,175
Estonian	7,655	3,580	4,075	4,840	2,250	2,590
Hungarian	59,720	29,025	30,690	56,535	27,450	29,090
Latvian	9,660	4,505	5,155	4,935	2,565	2,370
Lithuanian	19,520	9,380	10,140	7,225	3,465	3,755
Moldovan	3,020	1,545	1,475	1,085	510	580
Polish	237,245	113,300	123,940	149,635	71,605	78,030
Romanian	50,515	24,070	26,445	31,250	15,125	16,125
Russian	139,910	65,150	74,760	131,060	62,880	68,180
Slovak	14,580	7,040	7,540	11,220	5,440	5,780
Ukrainian	144,330	69,230	75,105	229,205	111,285	117,915
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 109	7,290	3,405	3,885	3,555	1,645	1,915
Southern European origins	988,415	488,295	500,120	334,740	164,780	169,960
Albanian	17,685	8,940	8,745	1,925	975	950
Bosnian	6,485	3,150	3,335	3,290	1,635	1,655
Catalan	160	105	60	120	85	30
Croatian	37,460	18,715	18,745	23,845	12,180	11,660
Cypriot	2,620	1,295	1,325	440	230	205
Greek	99,145	49,730	49,410	24,460	12,410	12,050
Italian	484,365	241,940	242,420	166,095	83,095	83,000
Kosovar	485	255	225	280	135	145
Macedonian	28,315	14,150	14,165	1,205	620	580
Maltese	19,440	9,580	9,860	2,645	1,350	1,295
Montenegrin	1,465	700	770	710	360	350
Portuguese	210,425	102,945	107,480	41,770	20,620	21,145
Serbian	33,055	16,630	16,425	12,895	6,625	6,270
Sicilian	1,575	790	780	545	295	255
Slovenian	13,135	6,605	6,530	5,555	2,725	2,825
Spanish	106,690	49,790	56,895	64,470	29,245	35,225
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.Census data footnote 110	6,775	3,280	3,495	7,080	3,360	3,725
Southern European origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 111	510	210	300	395	200	195
Other European origins	72,270	36,185	36,085	34,700	17,800	16,900
Basque	815	400	415	840	470	375
Jewish	59,195	29,745	29,450	17,580	8,950	8,635
Roma (Gypsy)	1,220	575	645	805	320	485
Slavic, n.o.s.Census data footnote 112	980	525	455	965	520	450
Other European origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 113	10,520	5,160	5,360	14,715	7,635	7,080
Caribbean origins	346,530	157,300	189,230	25,010	12,350	12,660
Antiguan	2,430	1,075	1,355	220	115	105
Bahamian	1,255	635	615	255	140	110
Barbadian	18,395	8,370	10,030	1,870	945	930
Bermudan	1,000	470	540	335	155	175
Carib	1,795	640	1,150	70	50	25
Cuban	9,290	4,200	5,090	1,320	615	700
Dominican	6,365	3,035	3,335	735	330	410
Grenadian	12,380	5,330	7,050	380	195	185
Guadeloupean	40	10	30	15	0	15
Haitian	5,150	2,425	2,715	1,140	530	615
Jamaican	200,330	91,035	109,295	10,545	5,425	5,120
Kittitian/Nevisian	1,855	875	985	130	70	55
Martinican	160	50	105	25	0	20
Montserratan	440	210	230	25	15	10
Puerto Rican	750	400	360	570	260	310
St. Lucian	5,405	2,355	3,045	190	85	110
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	44,300	20,370	23,925	4,170	2,085	2,085
Vincentian/Grenadinian	10,290	4,345	5,950	415	180	230
West Indian, n.o.s.Census data footnote 114	46,300	20,555	25,740	2,120	930	1,190
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 115	13,305	5,940	7,365	1,920	945	975
Latin, Central and South American origins	213,985	100,945	113,030	69,920	33,580	36,335
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	7,115	3,305	3,810	2,625	1,350	1,275
Arawak	710	315	395	90	45	45
Argentinian	8,415	4,075	4,335	2,025	910	1,120
Belizean	355	170	185	125	60	65
Bolivian	1,325	660	665	375	145	230
Brazilian	13,065	6,295	6,780	5,455	2,465	2,990
Chilean	10,435	5,010	5,425	5,700	2,740	2,955
Colombian	24,875	11,890	12,985	5,860	2,805	3,055
Costa Rican	1,770	905	865	810	385	425
Ecuadorian	17,930	8,495	9,440	1,040	490	550
Guatemalan	5,915	2,850	3,065	2,575	1,310	1,265
Guyanese	57,985	26,585	31,405	1,925	995	935
Hispanic	3,655	1,780	1,875	1,535	720	810
Honduran	1,750	810	940	1,445	750	695
Maya	1,135	555	575	930	475	455
Mexican	19,785	9,185	10,600	23,055	11,025	12,035
Nicaraguan	3,655	1,765	1,890	1,520	735	785
Panamanian	1,805	775	1,030	325	140	185
Paraguayan	305	140	160	895	475	420
Peruvian	10,665	4,935	5,725	3,905	1,775	2,135
Salvadorean	15,130	7,480	7,650	6,815	3,390	3,425
Uruguayan	3,450	1,770	1,680	410	205	205
Venezuelan	8,260	3,780	4,480	1,900	915	980
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 116	9,255	4,505	4,745	3,310	1,605	1,705
African origins	266,640	130,030	136,610	59,985	30,635	29,345
Central and West African origins	58,830	29,030	29,800	7,075	3,810	3,265
Akan	700	395	305	40	30	10
Angolan	1,030	490	535	90	55	35
Ashanti	1,070	545	525	85	30	50
Beninese	370	190	180	35	20	15
Burkinabe	100	45	55	45	30	15
Cameroonian	2,535	1,250	1,285	150	85	70
Chadian	185	95	90	70	50	25
Congolese	3,985	1,895	2,085	810	405	400
Edo	935	490	445	85	55	30
Ewe	160	90	70	55	25	30
Gabonese	45	10	35	10	0	10
Gambian	545	255	295	25	10	15
Ghanaian	20,465	9,735	10,730	1,600	865	730
Guinean	680	335	340	130	45	80
Ibo	1,495	775	720	280	160	115
Ivorian	615	285	330	100	55	50
Liberian	335	140	200	250	95	150
Malian	260	140	125	80	55	25
Malinké	220	105	120	10	0	0
Nigerian	19,330	9,790	9,545	2,615	1,430	1,185
Peulh	60	40	20	20	0	15
Senegalese	535	280	255	95	75	25
Sierra Leonean	815	400	415	130	60	65
Togolese	315	205	105	100	70	40
Wolof	45	25	25	0	0	0
Yoruba	2,925	1,545	1,375	255	135	125
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 117	2,895	1,415	1,480	620	305	315
North African origins	53,740	27,655	26,090	9,840	5,210	4,630
Algerian	1,700	835	870	770	465	305
Berber	680	365	315	210	130	80
Coptic	1,815	935	885	150	90	65
Dinka	35	25	10	45	25	15
Egyptian	36,340	18,715	17,625	4,520	2,340	2,180
Libyan	1,275	685	600	420	275	140
Maure	235	130	105	150	60	90
Moroccan	8,595	4,440	4,160	2,005	1,105	895
Sudanese	3,735	1,825	1,915	1,225	535	695
Tunisian	1,085	580	505	500	290	215
North African origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 118	840	450	390	215	115	105
Southern and East African origins	80,285	38,330	41,955	24,800	12,345	12,450
Afrikaner	340	175	170	705	355	355
Amhara	500	240	260	115	60	50
Bantu, n.o.s.Census data footnote 119	305	170	135	255	140	120
Burundian	710	385	325	215	95	120
Djiboutian	205	95	115	0	0	0
Eritrean	7,625	3,685	3,940	1,055	550	505
Ethiopian	15,990	7,670	8,325	2,550	1,280	1,270
Harari	460	250	210	0	0	0
Kenyan	3,960	1,830	2,130	1,615	775	845
Malagasy	180	75	100	105	65	40
Mauritian	2,820	1,465	1,355	975	520	450
Oromo	830	370	460	140	75	65
Rwandan	1,105	490	620	420	225	195
Seychellois	165	65	95	25	15	15
Somali	25,550	11,820	13,740	2,295	1,115	1,180
South African	11,950	6,010	5,940	11,060	5,510	5,550
Tanzanian	1,850	925	920	490	220	275
Tigrian	410	210	200	205	110	95
Ugandan	2,010	980	1,030	775	390	380
Zambian	385	195	190	210	95	110
Zimbabwean	1,760	815	945	855	445	405
Zulu	205	100	110	75	25	45
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 120	5,470	2,415	3,055	1,840	910	930
Other African origins	77,575	36,805	40,775	19,215	9,745	9,465
Black, n.o.s.Census data footnote 121	10,975	4,750	6,220	2,660	1,315	1,340
Other African origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 122	67,415	32,440	34,975	16,740	8,515	8,225
Asian origins	2,437,365	1,181,245	1,256,120	1,312,445	624,270	688,175
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	330,340	167,015	163,330	99,560	51,315	48,245
Afghan	41,735	20,950	20,780	7,895	4,005	3,885
Arab, n.o.s.Census data footnote 123	23,205	12,005	11,195	5,660	3,125	2,540
Armenian	21,710	10,545	11,165	3,715	1,905	1,815
Assyrian	7,705	3,955	3,745	545	295	250
Azerbaijani	3,340	1,620	1,720	990	570	425
Georgian	2,390	1,220	1,165	740	380	355
Hazara	515	280	235	55	30	20
Iranian	97,110	48,770	48,345	47,985	24,290	23,695
Iraqi	29,045	14,570	14,480	5,575	2,860	2,715
Israeli	14,490	7,510	6,975	2,655	1,370	1,285
Jordanian	5,325	2,865	2,460	785	425	355
Kazakh	975	445	530	385	205	175
Kurd	4,355	2,330	2,025	2,120	1,165	950
Kuwaiti	375	215	160	125	85	40
Kyrgyz	245	85	160	175	90	85
Lebanese	29,750	15,125	14,625	7,980	4,175	3,805
Palestinian	15,555	8,380	7,170	2,625	1,410	1,210
Pashtun	2,145	1,180	965	360	200	160
Saudi Arabian	1,655	865	785	975	615	360
Syrian	16,150	7,855	8,300	3,955	1,905	2,055
Tajik	1,425	670	755	260	135	125
Tatar	1,785	760	1,025	790	365	425
Turk	23,085	11,685	11,405	6,355	3,485	2,865
Turkmen	405	205	200	120	70	55
Uighur	545	255	290	130	65	60
Uzbek	1,745	870	880	270	150	120
Yemeni	2,530	1,205	1,325	300	185	115
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 124	10,180	5,245	4,930	2,635	1,340	1,295
South Asian origins	995,125	499,465	495,660	363,885	182,650	181,235
Bangladeshi	23,400	11,960	11,435	1,840	925	920
Bengali	12,515	6,390	6,125	850	405	445
Bhutanese	150	80	65	120	65	55
East Indian	643,370	322,810	320,555	309,315	154,795	154,520
Goan	4,040	1,880	2,160	485	245	240
Gujarati	4,980	2,575	2,400	700	335	365
Kashmiri	1,345	690	650	185	100	85
Nepali	5,395	2,645	2,745	1,495	690	805
Pakistani	122,950	62,455	60,490	12,585	6,565	6,015
Punjabi	47,760	24,560	23,205	38,725	19,700	19,025
Sinhalese	4,030	1,970	2,055	620	325	300
Sri Lankan	114,400	55,790	58,615	5,710	2,970	2,740
Tamil	40,115	20,345	19,775	1,235	670	560
South Asian origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 125	49,895	25,275	24,620	8,245	4,070	4,170
East and Southeast Asian origins	1,134,050	525,470	608,580	855,345	393,475	461,875
Burmese	2,165	970	1,195	2,310	1,135	1,175
Cambodian (Khmer)	6,430	2,970	3,460	3,235	1,580	1,655
Chinese	700,705	332,650	368,055	540,155	253,065	287,090
Filipino	274,670	118,265	156,405	158,215	68,710	89,505
Hmong	55	25	30	130	70	60
Indonesian	6,120	2,825	3,290	6,625	3,115	3,510
Japanese	28,045	12,350	15,695	51,150	22,200	28,945
Karen	265	115	145	895	450	445
Korean	73,385	34,950	38,445	63,300	29,330	33,975
Laotian	4,205	2,080	2,125	2,530	1,275	1,255
Malaysian	5,625	2,660	2,960	5,060	2,260	2,800
Mongolian	1,940	885	1,060	1,495	740	760
Singaporean	1,070	480	590	1,055	490	560
Taiwanese	7,975	3,625	4,350	21,455	9,810	11,650
Thai	3,390	1,275	2,115	5,065	1,870	3,195
Tibetan	6,015	3,015	3,000	550	290	260
Vietnamese	73,740	34,880	38,865	41,435	20,205	21,230
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 126	3,400	1,675	1,725	785	310	470
Other Asian origins	10,705	5,285	5,420	2,500	1,250	1,250
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 127	10,710	5,285	5,420	2,500	1,250	1,255
Oceania origins	9,705	4,915	4,785	41,125	20,605	20,520
Australian	5,925	3,095	2,830	16,240	8,385	7,855
New Zealander	1,945	1,030	915	6,565	3,405	3,155
Pacific Islands origins	2,045	935	1,110	19,135	9,240	9,890
Fijian	1,185	495	690	14,145	6,895	7,250
Hawaiian	225	115	115	2,200	970	1,235
Maori	200	105	90	1,120	595	530
Polynesian, n.o.s.Census data footnote 128	115	45	70	600	275	325
Samoan	90	45	50	485	255	230
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 129	340	160	180	905	440	465
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 130	2,135,910	...	...	1,881,970	...	...
Owner	1,420,360	...	...	1,279,020	...	...
Renter	715,540	...	...	599,360	...	...
Band housing	10	...	...	3,590	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 131	2,135,910	...	...	1,881,970	...	...
Condominium	445,650	...	...	416,770	...	...
Not condominium	1,690,260	...	...	1,465,200	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 132	2,135,910	...	...	1,881,970	...	...
No bedrooms	24,165	...	...	22,705	...	...
1 bedroom	384,275	...	...	311,035	...	...
2 bedrooms	452,930	...	...	514,015	...	...
3 bedrooms	627,365	...	...	513,135	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	647,170	...	...	521,075	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 133	2,135,905	...	...	1,881,970	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	751,950	...	...	642,910	...	...
5 rooms	290,215	...	...	274,780	...	...
6 rooms	278,975	...	...	235,845	...	...
7 rooms	249,710	...	...	199,715	...	...
8 or more rooms	565,055	...	...	528,720	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.9	...	...	6.0	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 134	2,135,910	...	...	1,881,970	...	...
One person or fewer per room	2,042,675	...	...	1,839,850	...	...
More than 1 person per room	93,235	...	...	42,120	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 135	2,135,905	...	...	1,881,965	...	...
Suitable	1,930,485	...	...	1,781,905	...	...
Not suitable	205,420	...	...	100,060	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 136	2,135,910	...	...	1,881,970	...	...
1960 or before	437,615	...	...	267,560	...	...
1961 to 1980	566,970	...	...	559,485	...	...
1981 to 1990	300,455	...	...	289,565	...	...
1991 to 2000	268,320	...	...	331,865	...	...
2001 to 2005	198,705	...	...	125,335	...	...
2006 to 2010	185,715	...	...	171,945	...	...
2011 to 2016Census data footnote 137	178,125	...	...	136,210	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 138	2,135,910	...	...	1,881,970	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	2,019,695	...	...	1,763,105	...	...
Major repairs needed	116,215	...	...	118,865	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 139	2,135,910	...	...	1,881,970	...	...
1 household maintainer	1,205,800	...	...	1,091,500	...	...
2 household maintainers	841,650	...	...	725,675	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	88,460	...	...	64,790	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 140	2,135,905	...	...	1,881,970	...	...
15 to 24 years	48,555	...	...	58,620	...	...
25 to 34 years	296,125	...	...	253,950	...	...
35 to 44 years	406,810	...	...	304,185	...	...
45 to 54 years	497,290	...	...	378,545	...	...
55 to 64 years	414,985	...	...	390,185	...	...
65 to 74 years	264,505	...	...	288,165	...	...
75 to 84 years	149,385	...	...	152,225	...	...
85 years and over	58,260	...	...	56,085	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 141	2,130,850	...	...	1,832,420	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	1,418,495	...	...	1,320,210	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	712,350	...	...	512,210	...	...
30% to less than 100%	589,435	...	...	420,705	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	1,418,695	...	...	1,242,600	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgageCensus data footnote 142	63.2	...	...	58.6	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costsCensus data footnote 141	26.7	...	...	20.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)Census data footnote 143	1,655	...	...	1,149	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)Census data footnote 143	1,755	...	...	1,387	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)Census data footnote 144	647,648	...	...	500,874	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)Census data footnote 144	734,924	...	...	720,689	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	715,420	...	...	592,825	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housingCensus data footnote 145	14.6	...	...	12.5	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costsCensus data footnote 141	46.9	...	...	43.3	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)Census data footnote 143	1,207	...	...	1,036	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)Census data footnote 143	1,264	...	...	1,149	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 146	4,879,095	2,345,195	2,533,900	3,870,375	1,882,770	1,987,605
No certificate, diploma or degree	794,735	377,800	416,930	601,640	305,320	296,315
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificateCensus data footnote 147	1,262,345	621,135	641,215	1,138,565	549,580	588,985
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	2,822,010	1,346,255	1,475,755	2,130,175	1,027,870	1,102,310
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	216,485	144,375	72,110	338,980	250,270	88,720
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of QualificationCensus data footnote 148	116,425	69,165	47,260	142,935	83,055	59,880
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of QualificationCensus data footnote 149	100,065	75,215	24,850	196,045	167,210	28,840
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	844,670	369,815	474,855	700,945	280,300	420,645
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	134,705	60,270	74,435	138,010	54,420	83,585
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	1,626,155	771,800	854,355	952,240	442,880	509,360
Bachelor's degree	1,075,760	494,850	580,905	622,670	281,020	341,655
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	107,255	49,015	58,245	69,005	28,575	40,430
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	44,785	22,370	22,420	29,110	16,690	12,420
Master's degree	350,785	176,595	174,185	195,825	94,360	101,465
Earned doctorateCensus data footnote 150	47,570	28,965	18,600	35,625	22,240	13,390
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 146	3,288,690	1,578,640	1,710,055	2,532,975	1,227,040	1,305,940
No certificate, diploma or degree	316,395	160,105	156,295	244,000	134,410	109,585
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificateCensus data footnote 147	718,855	360,435	358,420	671,010	330,835	340,175
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	2,253,435	1,058,095	1,195,340	1,617,965	761,790	856,175
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	147,990	97,935	50,050	231,445	172,290	59,155
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of QualificationCensus data footnote 148	79,985	47,200	32,785	97,350	56,920	40,435
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of QualificationCensus data footnote 149	68,005	50,740	17,270	134,095	115,370	18,725
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	660,375	288,290	372,080	528,805	210,880	317,925
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	101,090	44,915	56,180	99,695	39,205	60,490
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	1,343,990	626,960	717,030	758,015	339,415	418,605
Bachelor's degree	876,470	399,455	477,015	497,845	219,005	278,840
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	87,155	38,320	48,835	52,955	20,995	31,965
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	36,605	17,060	19,545	22,440	11,665	10,775
Master's degree	306,310	150,595	155,715	159,740	73,335	86,405
Earned doctorateCensus data footnote 150	37,445	21,525	15,920	25,030	14,420	10,615
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 151	4,879,095	2,345,190	2,533,900	3,870,380	1,882,770	1,987,610
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degreeCensus data footnote 152	2,057,085	998,935	1,058,145	1,740,205	854,900	885,300
Education	143,825	29,335	114,490	144,100	34,915	109,185
13. Education	143,825	29,335	114,490	144,100	34,910	109,185
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	138,915	62,540	76,375	98,735	44,465	54,275
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	18,065	13,420	4,645	16,970	12,880	4,090
50. Visual and performing arts	120,850	49,120	71,735	81,765	31,580	50,185
Humanities	190,960	67,430	123,535	124,600	49,025	75,575
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	22,465	4,895	17,570	15,235	3,675	11,555
23. English language and literature/letters	53,980	15,275	38,705	34,710	10,845	23,865
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	57,545	19,230	38,315	35,720	13,670	22,050
30A Interdisciplinary humanitiesCensus data footnote 153	925	420	505	585	210	375
38. Philosophy and religious studies	12,380	6,900	5,485	6,710	4,050	2,660
39. Theology and religious vocations	10,235	6,460	3,765	12,275	7,400	4,880
54. History	26,685	13,230	13,455	15,780	8,475	7,300
55. French language and literature/letters	6,750	1,015	5,735	3,580	705	2,880
Social and behavioural sciences and law	404,445	141,120	263,325	245,990	87,960	158,025
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	5,520	1,040	4,480	4,120	1,060	3,060
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	44,435	17,305	27,130	23,180	8,505	14,680
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	57,210	5,340	51,870	38,070	3,285	34,785
22. Legal professions and studies	69,375	26,940	42,430	38,505	13,545	24,955
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciencesCensus data footnote 154	6,765	1,550	5,220	4,325	1,345	2,985
42. Psychology	56,380	13,470	42,905	43,230	12,480	30,750
45. Social sciences	164,760	75,470	89,290	94,560	47,755	46,810
Business, management and public administration	683,170	305,955	377,210	426,460	166,470	259,990
30.16 Accounting and computer science	1,380	525	855	775	215	560
44. Public administration and social service professions	41,330	8,545	32,785	26,520	5,960	20,565
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	640,460	296,885	343,575	399,160	160,295	238,865
Physical and life sciences and technologies	135,195	63,275	71,920	86,425	46,070	40,355
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	56,780	22,320	34,460	36,760	16,800	19,960
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	33,525	14,700	18,820	19,025	9,400	9,620
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciencesCensus data footnote 155	2,425	770	1,655	835	225	610
40. Physical sciences	37,715	23,855	13,860	26,370	18,395	7,975
41. Science technologies/technicians	4,745	1,620	3,125	3,440	1,255	2,185
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	167,300	108,360	58,945	80,070	51,490	28,575
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	129,355	88,860	40,490	62,795	43,900	18,890
25. Library science	5,930	975	4,950	5,560	755	4,805
27. Mathematics and statistics	29,330	16,665	12,665	10,875	6,295	4,580
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciencesCensus data footnote 156	2,690	1,845	840	835	540	300
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	483,705	417,195	66,510	427,670	388,335	39,340
04. Architecture and related services	30,785	19,780	11,000	15,490	9,985	5,505
14. Engineering	209,840	167,090	42,755	98,455	81,055	17,395
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	82,390	74,000	8,390	68,500	60,490	8,010
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	105	25	75	90	25	65
46. Construction trades	62,875	61,525	1,345	100,765	97,615	3,150
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	64,895	63,235	1,660	97,720	94,520	3,200
48. Precision production	32,825	31,545	1,280	46,660	44,650	2,015
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	31,395	16,880	14,510	50,210	31,680	18,525
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	18,615	10,510	8,105	24,950	13,670	11,275
03. Natural resources and conservation	12,775	6,370	6,410	25,260	18,010	7,250
Health and related fields	329,520	79,140	250,380	322,715	65,735	256,975
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	27,935	14,250	13,685	23,740	11,920	11,820
51. Health professions and related programs	289,225	58,445	230,780	290,645	48,985	241,655
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	12,370	6,450	5,920	8,330	4,835	3,495
Personal, protective and transportation services	113,240	54,930	58,315	122,855	61,605	61,250
12. Personal and culinary services	69,505	21,485	48,025	79,740	24,860	54,885
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	400	355	45	320	290	30
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	545	510	30	1,235	1,120	115
43. Security and protective services	27,635	19,200	8,440	13,935	10,390	3,545
49. Transportation and materials moving	15,155	13,380	1,775	27,620	24,945	2,680
Other	335	95	235	355	115	240
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	335	100	235	350	115	240
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 151	3,288,690	1,578,640	1,710,050	2,532,980	1,227,040	1,305,935
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degreeCensus data footnote 152	1,035,250	520,540	514,710	915,015	465,250	449,765
Education	105,195	20,910	84,285	96,005	21,035	74,970
13. Education	105,195	20,910	84,285	96,010	21,035	74,975
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	111,390	50,080	61,305	77,655	34,430	43,225
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	13,840	10,300	3,535	12,710	9,580	3,130
50. Visual and performing arts	97,550	39,775	57,770	64,940	24,845	40,090
Humanities	148,140	50,890	97,255	93,605	35,490	58,115
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	17,660	3,540	14,120	11,710	2,510	9,195
23. English language and literature/letters	41,970	11,575	30,395	25,665	7,810	17,850
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	45,505	14,730	30,775	28,260	10,505	17,750
30A Interdisciplinary humanitiesCensus data footnote 153	740	345	390	425	170	255
38. Philosophy and religious studies	9,615	5,405	4,205	4,970	2,960	2,010
39. Theology and religious vocations	7,505	4,705	2,800	8,330	4,945	3,385
54. History	20,195	9,940	10,250	11,805	6,140	5,665
55. French language and literature/letters	4,965	635	4,325	2,445	455	2,000
Social and behavioural sciences and law	328,240	111,705	216,530	196,450	67,000	129,450
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	4,530	880	3,645	3,460	845	2,615
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	36,715	14,295	22,425	19,685	6,940	12,750
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	44,120	3,755	40,370	29,855	2,505	27,350
22. Legal professions and studies	58,950	20,950	38,000	31,190	9,665	21,525
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciencesCensus data footnote 154	5,295	1,275	4,020	3,540	1,110	2,425
42. Psychology	44,300	10,030	34,270	33,055	8,845	24,210
45. Social sciences	134,325	60,520	73,810	75,665	37,095	38,575
Business, management and public administration	564,595	248,210	316,390	335,220	128,975	206,245
30.16 Accounting and computer science	1,160	430	735	540	170	365
44. Public administration and social service professions	33,415	6,830	26,585	20,695	4,240	16,455
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	530,015	240,955	289,060	313,985	124,565	189,425
Physical and life sciences and technologies	103,055	46,585	56,475	63,705	32,325	31,385
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	43,415	16,535	26,875	28,505	12,595	15,915
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	25,865	11,000	14,865	13,825	6,570	7,260
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciencesCensus data footnote 155	1,995	655	1,335	645	160	485
40. Physical sciences	28,260	17,290	10,970	18,525	12,250	6,270
41. Science technologies/technicians	3,535	1,110	2,430	2,210	750	1,460
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	148,790	96,820	51,970	68,660	44,820	23,840
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	118,355	81,355	37,000	56,390	39,660	16,725
25. Library science	4,220	735	3,485	3,830	545	3,290
27. Mathematics and statistics	23,830	13,135	10,700	7,760	4,185	3,570
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciencesCensus data footnote 156	2,380	1,595	790	680	430	250
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	373,050	316,715	56,335	310,855	277,375	33,475
04. Architecture and related services	25,325	15,870	9,455	12,110	7,240	4,875
14. Engineering	171,640	134,400	37,240	76,935	61,380	15,560
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	61,555	55,085	6,465	48,690	42,285	6,405
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	95	20	75	65	20	45
46. Construction trades	45,310	44,305	1,000	72,800	70,225	2,570
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	47,060	45,880	1,170	69,025	66,545	2,480
48. Precision production	22,075	21,155	915	31,225	29,690	1,535
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	24,915	12,845	12,070	39,360	23,810	15,555
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	14,535	7,740	6,800	18,965	9,875	9,090
03. Natural resources and conservation	10,375	5,105	5,270	20,395	13,930	6,470
Health and related fields	260,215	62,080	198,135	244,975	50,520	194,460
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	21,080	10,715	10,365	18,900	9,380	9,520
51. Health professions and related programs	229,345	46,565	182,780	219,800	37,800	182,000
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	9,790	4,795	4,990	6,285	3,340	2,940
Personal, protective and transportation services	85,575	41,185	44,390	91,185	45,925	45,265
12. Personal and culinary services	52,095	15,715	36,385	58,820	18,880	39,945
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	285	245	40	195	165	30
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	255	240	15	570	505	65
43. Security and protective services	20,920	14,315	6,605	11,175	8,110	3,060
49. Transportation and materials moving	12,015	10,670	1,345	20,430	18,265	2,165
Other	285	80	205	275	85	185
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	285	75	210	270	85	185
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 157	4,879,095	2,345,195	2,533,905	3,870,380	1,882,770	1,987,610
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	2,057,080	998,935	1,058,145	1,740,205	854,900	885,300
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degreeCensus data footnote 158	2,822,010	1,346,255	1,475,760	2,130,175	1,027,870	1,102,305
Location of study inside Canada	1,913,405	904,105	1,009,300	1,625,550	785,340	840,205
Same as province or territory of residence	1,765,910	831,915	934,000	1,243,905	593,275	650,635
Different than province or territory of residence	147,495	72,195	75,305	381,645	192,070	189,575
Location of study outside CanadaCensus data footnote 159	908,605	442,150	466,460	504,630	242,530	262,100
United StatesCensus data footnote 160	83,885	46,165	37,725	74,030	40,425	33,610
Philippines	96,085	33,600	62,485	56,845	20,455	36,395
India	142,155	71,730	70,420	44,115	22,045	22,065
United KingdomCensus data footnote 161	59,990	33,500	26,490	58,825	31,920	26,910
ChinaCensus data footnote 162	78,940	37,355	41,580	61,840	27,630	34,210
France	6,680	3,625	3,055	4,385	2,360	2,025
Other	440,875	216,165	224,710	204,580	97,700	106,885
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 157	3,288,690	1,578,635	1,710,055	2,532,975	1,227,040	1,305,935
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	1,035,250	520,540	514,715	915,015	465,250	449,765
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degreeCensus data footnote 158	2,253,435	1,058,100	1,195,340	1,617,960	761,790	856,170
Location of study inside Canada	1,525,890	713,690	812,200	1,239,640	589,155	650,490
Same as province or territory of residence	1,408,565	656,055	752,510	970,485	454,780	515,700
Different than province or territory of residence	117,325	57,635	59,690	269,155	134,375	134,785
Location of study outside CanadaCensus data footnote 159	727,550	344,405	383,140	378,325	172,640	205,685
United StatesCensus data footnote 160	66,805	35,720	31,085	50,095	26,175	23,920
Philippines	81,210	27,965	53,245	48,935	17,385	31,555
India	122,145	59,885	62,265	36,800	17,455	19,345
United KingdomCensus data footnote 161	37,190	20,385	16,805	32,890	17,360	15,530
ChinaCensus data footnote 162	66,635	31,040	35,595	53,570	23,445	30,125
France	5,615	3,030	2,590	3,505	1,885	1,615
Other	347,945	166,390	181,555	152,530	68,935	83,595
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 163	4,879,095	2,345,190	2,533,900	3,870,375	1,882,770	1,987,610
In the labour force	3,234,350	1,670,030	1,564,315	2,471,665	1,285,835	1,185,830
Employed	2,984,990	1,546,745	1,438,250	2,305,690	1,194,455	1,111,240
Unemployed	249,360	123,290	126,070	165,975	91,385	74,590
Not in the labour force	1,644,740	675,160	969,585	1,398,710	596,935	801,775
Participation rate	66.3	71.2	61.7	63.9	68.3	59.7
Employment rate	61.2	66.0	56.8	59.6	63.4	55.9
Unemployment rate	7.7	7.4	8.1	6.7	7.1	6.3
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 164	4,879,095	2,345,190	2,533,905	3,870,375	1,882,770	1,987,605
Did not workCensus data footnote 165	1,592,740	654,475	938,270	1,290,235	547,350	742,885
Worked	3,286,350	1,690,715	1,595,635	2,580,140	1,335,420	1,244,720
Worked full year, full timeCensus data footnote 166	1,694,705	941,950	752,765	1,183,405	675,950	507,460
Worked part year and/or part timeCensus data footnote 167	1,591,645	748,775	842,875	1,396,735	659,470	737,260
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.6	43.3	41.9	41.8	42.4	41.1
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 168	3,234,350	1,670,035	1,564,320	2,471,670	1,285,840	1,185,835
Class of worker - not applicableCensus data footnote 169	90,210	41,705	48,505	43,805	21,245	22,555
All classes of workersCensus data footnote 170	3,144,140	1,628,325	1,515,815	2,427,860	1,264,585	1,163,275
Employee	2,744,970	1,368,035	1,376,935	2,084,470	1,054,630	1,029,840
Self-employedCensus data footnote 171	399,170	260,290	138,885	343,395	209,955	133,430
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 172	3,234,355	1,670,030	1,564,320	2,471,665	1,285,835	1,185,830
Occupation - not applicableCensus data footnote 169	90,215	41,710	48,505	43,805	21,245	22,560
All occupationsCensus data footnote 170	3,144,140	1,628,325	1,515,815	2,427,860	1,264,585	1,163,270
0 Management occupations	376,890	228,640	148,255	275,000	168,820	106,180
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	576,955	203,575	373,375	368,940	106,205	262,740
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	269,965	206,395	63,570	161,520	127,060	34,460
3 Health occupations	173,475	41,565	131,915	162,865	35,775	127,095
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	357,990	109,080	248,905	269,255	87,765	181,485
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	127,395	62,535	64,855	93,100	44,855	48,245
6 Sales and service occupations	735,270	338,725	396,550	595,225	251,490	343,735
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	351,740	327,065	24,675	360,970	339,660	21,315
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	24,245	19,360	4,885	64,235	47,530	16,700
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	150,215	91,390	58,825	76,745	55,430	21,315
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 173	3,234,350	1,670,035	1,564,315	2,471,665	1,285,835	1,185,830
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicableCensus data footnote 169	90,210	41,710	48,505	43,805	21,250	22,555
All industry categoriesCensus data footnote 170	3,144,140	1,628,320	1,515,815	2,427,865	1,264,590	1,163,270
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	9,410	5,515	3,890	65,205	42,840	22,360
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	4,500	3,110	1,395	25,920	21,810	4,115
22 Utilities	15,860	10,905	4,955	12,445	8,915	3,535
23 Construction	191,430	166,670	24,750	199,985	175,195	24,790
31-33 Manufacturing	285,825	188,490	97,335	157,560	113,945	43,615
41 Wholesale trade	143,725	88,880	54,845	82,105	55,530	26,580
44-45 Retail trade	338,675	161,855	176,820	283,135	129,985	153,150
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	168,165	123,115	45,050	128,400	98,580	29,815
51 Information and cultural industries	106,940	61,970	44,970	67,225	41,065	26,155
52 Finance and insurance	247,475	118,710	128,760	93,805	38,430	55,380
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	82,665	44,590	38,075	54,995	29,515	25,475
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	339,305	191,155	148,150	196,670	107,680	88,990
55 Management of companies and enterprises	8,680	3,615	5,065	4,320	1,975	2,345
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	162,185	89,190	72,995	109,095	62,325	46,775
61 Educational services	229,025	70,820	158,200	173,820	56,455	117,365
62 Health care and social assistance	287,975	58,110	229,865	270,855	52,320	218,530
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	63,745	33,560	30,185	57,940	29,050	28,895
72 Accommodation and food services	204,315	93,560	110,760	207,045	86,555	120,490
81 Other services (except public administration)	134,570	56,235	78,335	112,335	47,960	64,375
91 Public administration	119,675	58,255	61,415	125,000	64,450	60,545
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 174	2,984,990	1,546,745	1,438,245	2,305,690	1,194,455	1,111,240
Worked at home	218,365	111,020	107,345	196,510	95,515	100,990
Worked outside Canada	19,580	13,225	6,350	16,040	11,285	4,760
No fixed workplace address	346,205	246,815	99,395	326,180	243,130	83,050
Worked at usual place	2,400,845	1,175,685	1,225,160	1,766,965	844,520	922,440
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	2,400,850	1,175,685	1,225,160	1,766,965	844,520	922,440
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	1,353,665	614,770	738,890	864,410	382,105	482,305
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	243,620	119,725	123,890	807,840	405,435	402,400
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	798,155	437,940	360,215	81,750	47,820	33,930
Commute to a different province or territory	5,410	3,250	2,160	12,965	9,160	3,805
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 175	2,747,050	1,422,500	1,324,550	2,093,145	1,087,655	1,005,490
Car, truck, van - as a driver	1,714,795	982,905	731,890	1,475,585	803,485	672,095
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	154,360	56,295	98,065	114,580	49,075	65,500
Public transit	667,255	281,110	386,145	274,205	117,830	156,375
Walked	144,135	64,380	79,750	142,310	62,395	79,920
Bicycle	39,320	24,920	14,395	51,350	32,665	18,680
Other method	27,190	12,890	14,300	35,115	22,195	12,915
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 176	2,747,050	1,422,500	1,324,550	2,093,140	1,087,650	1,005,490
Less than 15 minutes	391,400	177,910	213,490	601,950	276,005	325,950
15 to 29 minutes	783,980	398,445	385,535	689,520	353,590	335,925
30 to 44 minutes	726,575	394,790	331,790	425,680	237,995	187,685
45 to 59 minutes	372,095	198,325	173,770	184,690	104,220	80,465
60 minutes and over	473,000	253,030	219,970	191,305	115,840	75,470
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 177	2,747,055	1,422,500	1,324,555	2,093,140	1,087,650	1,005,490
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	158,945	113,980	44,970	142,370	101,315	41,050
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	416,640	250,560	166,080	342,500	214,795	127,700
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	699,920	339,560	360,360	526,485	271,110	255,375
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	649,740	299,940	349,800	470,210	202,910	267,295
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	404,420	192,285	212,135	292,185	125,470	166,715
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	417,380	226,175	191,205	319,400	172,045	147,355
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 178	3,404,195	1,747,775	1,656,415	2,670,700	1,378,580	1,292,120
Single responses	3,323,390	1,708,945	1,614,450	2,622,495	1,354,780	1,267,710
Official languages	3,230,665	1,659,815	1,570,850	2,537,990	1,309,980	1,228,015
English	3,218,730	1,656,605	1,562,120	2,531,850	1,308,325	1,223,530
French	11,940	3,210	8,725	6,140	1,660	4,485
Non-official languages	92,725	49,125	43,600	84,500	44,805	39,705
Aboriginal languages	10	0	10	260	75	180
Algonquian languages	0	0	10	15	0	10
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	10
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	10	10	0	10
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	10	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	10	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	45	15	30
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	45	15	30
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	20	0	15
Chilcotin	0	0	0	20	10	10
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	10	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	10
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	110	30	85
Comox	0	0	0	10	0	10
Halkomelem	0	0	0	15	0	15
Lillooet	0	0	0	15	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	20	0	20
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	30	10	25
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	15	0	10
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	10
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	25	10	20
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	15	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	10	10	10
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	30	10	20
Haisla	0	0	0	10	0	10
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	10	10	10
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	10	10	10
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	15	10	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	92,715	49,125	43,590	84,245	44,730	39,520
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,865	1,065	805	440	295	145
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	100	45	60	0	0	10
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	15	10	0	0	0	0
Somali	85	30	55	10	0	10
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	1,755	1,020	735	435	295	135
Amharic	55	20	35	15	15	0
Arabic	1,165	760	405	320	235	85
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	110	75	30	25	20	10
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	10	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	360	115	245	75	30	50
Maltese	25	15	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	45	25	20	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	10	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	10	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	1,780	740	1,045	2,505	1,165	1,345
Khmer (Cambodian)	45	30	25	45	30	20
Vietnamese	1,735	715	1,025	2,460	1,140	1,325
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	1,105	415	690	825	385	440
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	20	10	15	20	0	20
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	15	0	10	0	0	0
Ilocano	35	15	20	30	15	20
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	40	15	20	65	35	20
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	990	370	615	695	320	375
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	10	20	15	10
Creole languages	25	20	10	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	20	15	10	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	1,910	905	1,000	30	15	20
Kannada	10	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	55	30	30	0	0	0
Tamil	1,815	870	945	30	10	15
Telugu	35	0	25	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	27,005	14,870	12,135	23,765	13,305	10,460
Albanian	210	125	85	15	15	0
Armenian	140	65	70	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	5,315	2,575	2,745	950	440	510
Baltic languages	55	20	30	10	10	0
Latvian	10	10	10	0	0	0
Lithuanian	45	15	30	10	0	0
Slavic languages	5,260	2,550	2,710	935	435	500
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	45	30	10	15	0	10
Bulgarian	115	75	40	10	0	10
Croatian	95	55	35	30	10	25
Czech	15	10	10	40	20	10
Macedonian	80	35	40	0	0	10
Polish	1,490	800	690	115	50	70
Russian	2,515	1,095	1,415	565	255	315
Serbian	160	110	55	95	55	40
Serbo-Croatian	20	10	0	0	0	0
Slovak	45	30	15	15	10	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	0	10	0	0	0
Ukrainian	680	290	390	40	25	15
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	10	10	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	10	10	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	380	145	230	805	465	335
Afrikaans	0	0	0	15	10	0
Danish	20	0	10	15	15	0
Dutch	60	40	25	120	70	45
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	240	70	165	590	330	260
Icelandic	10	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	10	10	0	15	10	10
Swedish	20	10	15	25	20	10
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	10	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	20	10	10	10	10	10
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	340	190	155	55	25	30
Indo-Iranian languages	10,855	6,035	4,815	19,805	11,280	8,535
Indo-Aryan languages	8,405	4,500	3,905	18,715	10,560	8,160
Bengali	300	145	155	15	15	0
Gujarati	615	210	405	35	15	25
Hindi	740	355	385	300	185	110
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	10	0	0	0	0
Marathi	30	10	15	0	0	0
Nepali	60	20	35	20	10	10
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	5,635	3,250	2,385	18,295	10,310	7,985
Sindhi	20	10	15	0	0	10
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	20	15	10	0	0	0
Urdu	985	480	505	45	25	25
Iranian languages	2,445	1,535	910	1,085	720	365
Kurdish	85	75	10	25	25	0
Pashto	10	10	10	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	2,350	1,460	890	1,060	700	360
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	9,760	5,730	4,030	2,140	1,085	1,060
Catalan	10	0	0	10	10	0
Italian	775	415	355	110	50	60
Portuguese	5,070	3,365	1,705	515	255	260
Romanian	245	105	140	70	45	25
Spanish	3,660	1,840	1,820	1,435	725	710
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Japanese	775	250	520	1,730	650	1,080
Kartvelian languages	10	10	10	0	0	0
Georgian	10	10	10	10	10	0
Korean	4,265	2,155	2,105	5,585	3,005	2,585
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	10	10	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Niger-Congo languages	70	35	35	10	15	0
Akan (Twi)	15	0	15	10	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	10	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	20	15	10	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	10	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	10	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	350	140	210	280	90	190
American Sign Language	245	80	170	215	45	165
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	110	65	45	70	45	25
Sino-Tibetan languages	52,745	28,050	24,695	48,735	25,645	23,085
Chinese languages	52,700	28,020	24,675	48,645	25,595	23,055
Cantonese	25,335	13,205	12,130	23,555	12,020	11,535
Hakka	35	10	25	15	0	10
Mandarin	26,135	14,210	11,930	23,835	12,935	10,900
Min Dong	25	15	10	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	220	145	75	210	120	85
Wu (Shanghainese)	30	20	10	50	25	20
Chinese, n.o.s.	910	420	490	985	485	500
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	50	30	20	85	50	30
Burmese	10	0	0	25	15	15
Karenic languages	0	0	0	55	35	15
Tibetan	40	25	15	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	70	30	40	170	65	110
Lao	10	0	10	10	0	10
Thai	65	30	30	165	65	105
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	415	285	130	65	50	15
Azerbaijani	10	10	0	0	10	0
Turkish	400	270	130	55	40	15
Uyghur	0	10	0	0	10	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	305	140	165	45	20	25
Estonian	50	15	35	0	0	0
Finnish	45	10	35	25	10	15
Hungarian	220	125	95	25	10	15
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	10	35	20	20
Multiple responses	80,805	38,835	41,970	48,205	23,795	24,410
English and French	16,405	6,285	10,115	4,210	1,865	2,345
English and non-official language	63,155	31,990	31,165	43,480	21,760	21,720
French and non-official language	85	45	40	55	30	25
English, French and non-official language	1,160	510	645	465	145	320
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 179	3,404,200	1,747,780	1,656,420	2,670,700	1,378,580	1,292,120
None	3,137,830	1,614,155	1,523,680	2,498,070	1,293,650	1,204,420
English	44,560	21,510	23,050	36,505	18,270	18,235
French	47,885	20,415	27,475	22,465	10,170	12,300
Non-official language	169,430	89,575	79,855	110,375	54,925	55,455
Aboriginal	155	50	105	1,860	630	1,225
Non-Aboriginal	169,270	89,525	79,750	108,515	54,295	54,225
English and French	85	45	45	60	40	15
English and non-official language	1,225	585	640	1,155	545	610
French and non-official language	3,160	1,480	1,675	2,070	980	1,090
English, French and non-official language	25	20	0	10	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 180	5,802,555	2,819,345	2,983,215	4,516,810	2,215,515	2,301,295
Non-movers	5,070,300	2,459,065	2,611,235	3,811,375	1,868,420	1,942,945
Movers	732,260	360,275	371,980	705,440	347,095	358,345
Non-migrants	433,235	212,190	221,040	386,620	189,765	196,855
Migrants	299,025	148,080	150,940	318,825	157,335	161,490
Internal migrants	194,570	96,145	98,430	249,960	123,425	126,540
Intraprovincial migrants	168,510	83,115	85,395	188,225	92,150	96,070
Interprovincial migrants	26,065	13,030	13,030	61,740	31,275	30,465
External migrants	104,455	51,940	52,515	68,860	33,910	34,950
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 181	5,553,650	2,691,730	2,861,915	4,339,960	2,124,780	2,215,180
Non-movers	3,411,530	1,646,850	1,764,680	2,490,535	1,220,635	1,269,905
Movers	2,142,120	1,044,880	1,097,235	1,849,425	904,145	945,275
Non-migrants	1,174,140	570,770	603,370	940,895	460,185	480,710
Migrants	967,975	474,110	493,860	908,535	443,965	464,570
Internal migrants	577,355	282,680	294,680	672,805	329,700	343,105
Intraprovincial migrants	510,305	250,225	260,080	503,685	245,895	257,795
Interprovincial migrants	67,050	32,450	34,600	169,115	83,805	85,310
External migrants	390,620	191,435	199,185	235,730	114,265	121,465