Census Profile, 2016 Census
British Columbia [Province] and New Brunswick [Province]

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	British Columbia [Province]			New Brunswick [Province]
	Data quality , British Columbia [Province] Map : British Columbia [Province] Change geography 1			Data quality : New Brunswick [Province] Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	4,648,055	...	...	747,101	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	4,400,057	...	...	751,171	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	5.6	...	...	-0.5	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	2,063,417	...	...	359,721	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	1,881,969	...	...	319,773	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	5.0	...	...	10.5	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	922,503.01	...	...	71,388.81	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	4,648,055	2,278,245	2,369,815	747,105	365,355	381,745
0 to 14 years	691,390	355,400	335,985	110,495	56,320	54,180
0 to 4 years	220,625	113,355	107,275	34,365	17,505	16,860
5 to 9 years	236,900	122,070	114,830	38,250	19,515	18,735
10 to 14 years	233,860	119,975	113,885	37,880	19,295	18,585
15 to 64 years	3,107,680	1,527,280	1,580,400	487,820	240,535	247,285
15 to 19 years	258,980	133,000	125,985	40,605	20,905	19,705
20 to 24 years	287,560	147,615	139,945	41,445	21,280	20,165
25 to 29 years	303,000	151,585	151,415	39,245	19,745	19,505
30 to 34 years	313,750	155,035	158,715	41,510	20,140	21,365
35 to 39 years	293,590	143,070	150,520	44,435	21,585	22,850
40 to 44 years	295,045	141,930	153,115	48,430	23,520	24,910
45 to 49 years	322,365	155,325	167,040	51,300	25,195	26,105
50 to 54 years	354,375	172,065	182,310	61,055	29,795	31,265
55 to 59 years	354,925	171,210	183,715	61,740	30,210	31,530
60 to 64 years	324,095	156,450	167,645	58,060	28,170	29,895
65 years and over	848,985	395,560	453,425	148,785	68,500	80,280
65 to 69 years	287,520	139,490	148,035	52,160	25,595	26,570
70 to 74 years	201,785	97,675	104,110	36,050	17,695	18,360
75 to 79 years	145,225	68,715	76,510	25,300	11,835	13,465
80 to 84 years	105,255	48,645	56,610	17,650	7,515	10,135
85 years and over	109,190	41,035	68,155	17,620	5,860	11,765
85 to 89 years	67,510	27,930	39,575	10,670	3,910	6,760
90 to 94 years	31,815	10,615	21,205	5,305	1,595	3,715
95 to 99 years	8,545	2,215	6,330	1,435	330	1,110
100 years and over	1,325	275	1,050	205	30	185
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.9	15.6	14.2	14.8	15.4	14.2
15 to 64 years	66.9	67.0	66.7	65.3	65.8	64.8
65 years and over	18.3	17.4	19.1	19.9	18.7	21.0
85 years and over	2.3	1.8	2.9	2.4	1.6	3.1
Average age of the population	42.3	41.5	43.1	43.6	42.7	44.5
Median age of the population	43.0	41.9	44.0	45.7	44.8	46.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	1,881,970	...	...	319,770	...	...
Single-detached house	830,660	...	...	221,515	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	177,830	...	...	3,945	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	824,190	...	...	80,515	...	...
Semi-detached house	57,395	...	...	12,470	...	...
Row house	147,830	...	...	9,015	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	230,075	...	...	13,545	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	385,140	...	...	44,260	...	...
Other single-attached house	3,755	...	...	1,230	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	49,290	...	...	13,795	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	1,881,970	...	...	319,775	...	...
1 person	541,910	...	...	89,480	...	...
2 persons	663,770	...	...	126,820	...	...
3 persons	277,690	...	...	49,465	...	...
4 persons	243,125	...	...	37,625	...	...
5 or more persons	155,470	...	...	16,385	...	...
Number of persons in private households	4,560,240	...	...	730,705	...	...
Average household size	2.4	...	...	2.3	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	3,956,665	1,922,840	2,033,825	636,605	309,040	327,570
Married or living common law	2,297,325	1,146,175	1,151,150	379,605	189,790	189,820
Married	1,925,345	959,690	965,645	302,020	151,100	150,925
Living common law	371,985	186,485	185,505	77,580	38,685	38,895
Not married and not living common law	1,659,335	776,660	882,675	257,000	119,250	137,745
Never married	1,076,085	582,975	493,110	158,070	85,640	72,430
Separated	105,700	45,225	60,475	21,290	9,530	11,760
Divorced	263,870	103,475	160,395	35,680	15,275	20,405
Widowed	213,685	44,990	168,700	41,965	8,805	33,160
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	1,311,340	...	...	222,865	...	...
2 persons	703,685	...	...	129,065	...	...
3 persons	275,965	...	...	47,015	...	...
4 persons	243,960	...	...	34,860	...	...
5 or more persons	87,730	...	...	11,920	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	1,311,345	...	...	222,865	...	...
Total couple families	1,113,405	...	...	186,680	...	...
Married couples	927,440	...	...	147,900	...	...
Common-law couples	185,960	...	...	38,780	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	197,940	...	...	36,185	...	...
Female parent	155,670	...	...	28,650	...	...
Male parent	42,265	...	...	7,530	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	1,113,400	...	...	186,675	...	...
Couples without children	577,790	...	...	105,625	...	...
Couples with children	535,610	...	...	81,060	...	...
1 child	221,065	...	...	37,440	...	...
2 children	230,705	...	...	32,380	...	...
3 or more children	83,840	...	...	11,235	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	197,940	...	...	36,185	...	...
1 child	125,890	...	...	23,440	...	...
2 children	54,900	...	...	9,570	...	...
3 or more children	17,145	...	...	3,170	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	882,895	418,495	464,405	128,775	61,010	67,770
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	1,881,970	...	...	319,770	...	...
One-census-family households	1,195,735	...	...	214,235	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	527,700	...	...	102,170	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	668,035	...	...	112,070	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	55,620	...	...	4,280	...	...
Non-census-family households	630,620	...	...	101,255	...	...
One-person households	541,915	...	...	89,480	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	88,705	...	...	11,775	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	4,598,415	2,255,395	2,343,015	736,280	360,440	375,840
English only	4,127,770	2,050,130	2,077,645	420,820	210,555	210,260
French only	1,810	820	985	63,140	29,955	33,190
English and French	314,925	140,650	174,275	249,950	118,705	131,245
Neither English nor French	153,910	63,795	90,115	2,370	1,220	1,150
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	4,598,415	2,255,395	2,343,020	736,280	360,440	375,845
English	4,373,330	2,156,680	2,216,655	498,365	244,230	254,135
French	55,325	27,680	27,640	232,450	113,500	118,945
English and French	18,000	8,315	9,685	3,210	1,550	1,655
Neither English nor French	151,760	62,720	89,040	2,255	1,150	1,100
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	64,325	31,840	32,480	234,055	114,280	119,775
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	1.4	1.4	1.4	31.8	31.7	31.9
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	4,598,415	2,255,400	2,343,015	736,280	360,440	375,845
Single responses	4,494,995	2,205,775	2,289,220	726,990	356,005	370,990
Official languages	3,227,535	1,614,375	1,613,160	703,840	344,285	359,555
English	3,170,110	1,585,760	1,584,355	472,725	231,595	241,135
French	57,425	28,615	28,810	231,110	112,690	118,415
Non-official languages	1,267,460	591,400	676,060	23,150	11,715	11,435
Aboriginal languages	8,435	3,940	4,490	2,165	1,035	1,135
Algonquian languages	1,050	445	605	2,130	1,020	1,110
Blackfoot	40	5	35	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	840	375	465	10	5	5
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	5	5	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	10	0	10	0	0	0
Plains Cree	150	60	85	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	25	15	10	0	0	0
Woods Cree	60	25	35	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	585	270	320	0	5	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	10	5	10	2,115	1,010	1,105
Malecite	5	0	0	280	125	155
Mi'kmaq	10	5	5	1,835	885	950
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	155	55	105	10	5	5
Algonquin	5	5	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	135	50	90	5	5	0
Oji-Cree	10	0	10	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	5	0	5	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	0
Athabaskan languages	2,310	1,045	1,260	5	0	5
Northern Athabaskan languages	2,295	1,045	1,250	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	110	55	55	0	0	0
Beaver	160	75	85	0	0	0
Carrier	1,005	460	550	0	0	0
Chilcotin	650	295	355	0	0	0
Dene	90	35	50	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	15	5	10	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	5	0	0	0
Sekani	85	40	45	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	75	30	45	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	5	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	20	5	15	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	50	25	30	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	105	45	50	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	15	10	5	0	0	0
Tahltan	90	40	50	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	5	0	5	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	5	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	5	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	5	0	5
Haida	70	30	40	0	0	0
Inuit languages	80	30	55	20	5	15
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	10	0	10	0	0	0
Inuktitut	50	20	30	15	5	10
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	5	5	0
Iroquoian languages	15	10	5	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	10	5	5	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	100	55	50	0	0	0
Michif	35	20	10	0	0	0
Salish languages	2,270	1,115	1,155	0	0	0
Comox	80	45	40	0	0	0
Halkomelem	475	230	245	0	0	0
Lillooet	315	155	160	0	0	0
Okanagan	270	135	135	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	435	220	215	0	0	0
Squamish	35	20	20	0	0	0
Straits	80	40	40	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	330	150	185	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	250	130	120	0	0	0
Siouan languages	45	25	20	0	0	0
Dakota	30	15	20	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	5	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	30	15	15	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	1,460	715	740	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	875	435	445	0	0	0
Nisga'a	385	195	190	0	0	0
Tsimshian	195	90	110	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	795	365	435	0	0	0
Haisla	90	40	55	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	100	45	55	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	320	140	180	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	275	135	140	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	5	10	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	190	80	110	10	0	5
Non-Aboriginal languages	1,259,025	587,455	671,570	20,990	10,685	10,300
Afro-Asiatic languages	24,870	13,405	11,465	3,190	1,805	1,385
Berber languages	115	75	45	40	25	15
Kabyle	40	30	15	20	10	5
Berber languages, n.i.e.	80	45	30	25	15	10
Cushitic languages	1,505	765	740	30	15	20
Bilen	5	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	205	115	95	5	5	5
Somali	1,270	640	640	25	10	15
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	20	10	15	0	0	0
Semitic languages	23,195	12,540	10,655	3,110	1,760	1,355
Amharic	1,370	670	700	65	35	25
Arabic	17,480	9,595	7,890	2,855	1,615	1,235
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	650	315	330	5	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	440	245	200	0	0	0
Harari	20	5	15	0	0	0
Hebrew	2,065	1,125	940	170	90	80
Maltese	215	100	115	0	0	5
Tigrigna	805	395	405	20	15	10
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	150	80	65	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	55	30	25	5	5	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	28,740	13,170	15,575	635	305	330
Khmer (Cambodian)	1,560	710	850	10	5	10
Vietnamese	27,150	12,440	14,710	620	305	320
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	30	15	15	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	96,535	38,765	57,770	1,375	510	865
Bikol	375	165	215	5	0	5
Cebuano	4,065	1,565	2,505	105	35	65
Fijian	470	240	230	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	1,470	550	920	15	5	10
Ilocano	5,240	2,055	3,190	50	15	35
Malagasy	20	10	15	15	5	10
Malay	3,895	1,675	2,220	45	20	30
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	700	320	380	5	0	5
Pangasinan	295	130	170	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	78,770	31,550	47,220	1,120	420	700
Waray-Waray	215	85	135	5	0	5
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	1,015	435	580	15	5	10
Creole languages	840	440	400	135	70	65
Haitian Creole	35	20	15	15	10	5
Creole, n.o.s.	500	255	245	80	30	50
Creole languages, n.i.e.	305	155	145	40	30	10
Dravidian languages	7,500	3,995	3,510	285	155	130
Kannada	280	150	135	20	15	10
Malayalam	2,385	1,260	1,130	40	15	20
Tamil	3,615	1,875	1,740	105	60	50
Telugu	1,175	695	480	110	60	45
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	45	20	25	5	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	140	75	70	5	5	0
Indo-European languages	588,175	286,135	302,035	9,325	4,790	4,530
Albanian	1,465	765	705	50	25	25
Armenian	1,195	600	600	30	15	10
Balto-Slavic languages	83,110	38,595	44,515	1,740	865	875
Baltic languages	1,070	485	585	55	30	30
Latvian	565	255	300	25	10	10
Lithuanian	505	225	280	35	15	15
Slavic languages	82,040	38,110	43,930	1,685	835	850
Belarusan	95	45	50	5	5	0
Bosnian	1,360	675	685	50	25	25
Bulgarian	2,025	955	1,070	20	10	10
Croatian	7,475	3,655	3,820	75	35	40
Czech	5,920	2,850	3,070	55	25	25
Macedonian	325	160	165	15	10	5
Polish	16,910	7,875	9,035	230	105	125
Russian	25,955	11,640	14,310	880	440	435
Serbian	7,045	3,600	3,450	105	55	45
Serbo-Croatian	1,395	670	725	35	15	20
Slovak	3,400	1,525	1,870	25	15	15
Slovene (Slovenian)	1,160	545	615	15	10	10
Ukrainian	8,630	3,730	4,900	170	85	90
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	345	175	170	0	0	0
Celtic languages	615	325	290	30	5	20
Scottish Gaelic	240	130	110	15	5	10
Welsh	280	145	135	10	0	10
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	95	50	45	0	5	0
Germanic languages	101,725	48,350	53,380	2,875	1,415	1,465
Afrikaans	3,260	1,655	1,610	50	30	25
Danish	4,665	2,280	2,385	125	55	75
Dutch	21,020	10,130	10,895	885	470	410
Frisian	295	145	145	35	25	10
German	66,885	31,525	35,360	1,650	780	865
Icelandic	275	135	145	5	0	0
Norwegian	2,005	970	1,035	40	25	20
Swedish	2,520	1,100	1,420	50	15	35
Vlaams (Flemish)	445	220	225	20	10	10
Yiddish	290	150	140	10	5	5
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	65	45	25	5	0	0
Greek	6,115	3,245	2,870	145	100	50
Indo-Iranian languages	297,800	147,830	149,970	1,850	1,020	835
Indo-Aryan languages	251,000	124,260	126,740	1,175	655	525
Bengali	3,180	1,665	1,510	205	120	85
Gujarati	6,895	3,290	3,605	75	40	30
Hindi	26,720	12,910	13,810	225	135	95
Kashmiri	65	35	25	0	0	0
Konkani	255	130	125	10	5	5
Marathi	620	325	295	50	20	25
Nepali	1,155	620	540	180	90	90
Oriya (Odia)	70	35	35	0	0	5
Punjabi (Panjabi)	198,805	98,525	100,285	125	75	50
Sindhi	1,675	780	895	25	10	10
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	1,675	845	830	30	15	15
Urdu	9,885	5,090	4,795	240	140	100
Iranian languages	46,390	23,355	23,035	655	355	305
Kurdish	1,765	945	825	55	30	25
Pashto	1,155	615	535	25	15	10
Persian (Farsi)	43,470	21,795	21,675	580	310	270
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	410	220	195	15	10	10
Italic (Romance) languages	96,135	46,430	49,710	2,605	1,355	1,250
Catalan	160	85	75	5	5	0
Italian	22,680	11,445	11,230	400	225	175
Portuguese	17,450	8,240	9,210	260	130	130
Romanian	8,730	4,250	4,480	485	250	240
Spanish	47,010	22,335	24,675	1,460	755	705
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	105	65	40	5	0	0
Japanese	21,350	7,195	14,150	110	25	85
Kartvelian languages	85	50	35	0	0	0
Georgian	85	50	40	0	0	0
Korean	52,160	23,495	28,670	1,550	800	750
Mongolic languages	360	150	205	5	5	0
Mongolian	360	155	210	5	5	5
Niger-Congo languages	3,725	1,875	1,850	700	385	315
Akan (Twi)	495	275	220	25	10	10
Bamanankan	10	5	5	60	35	25
Edo	85	50	35	0	0	0
Ewe	85	45	35	5	5	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	45	25	20	40	30	15
Ga	45	20	25	5	5	5
Ganda	90	45	45	10	0	0
Igbo	245	145	105	30	20	10
Lingala	80	30	45	25	15	15
Rundi (Kirundi)	115	50	60	45	25	20
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	155	70	80	40	20	20
Shona	215	100	115	20	10	10
Swahili	805	400	405	135	65	70
Wolof	50	25	25	25	20	10
Yoruba	330	185	150	30	15	20
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	885	410	480	195	105	85
Nilo-Saharan languages	340	175	165	5	0	0
Dinka	105	60	45	5	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	240	115	125	5	0	0
Sign languages	1,155	610	545	145	75	70
American Sign Language	470	230	240	40	20	30
Quebec Sign Language	5	0	5	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	690	380	305	95	55	45
Sino-Tibetan languages	410,920	187,725	223,190	3,115	1,570	1,545
Chinese languages	408,415	186,455	221,960	3,085	1,555	1,530
Cantonese	193,530	89,325	104,210	440	225	210
Hakka	2,325	1,010	1,315	20	10	10
Mandarin	186,325	84,370	101,955	2,250	1,105	1,150
Min Dong	230	105	120	0	5	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	11,210	4,995	6,215	35	15	15
Wu (Shanghainese)	4,540	1,995	2,545	100	45	55
Chinese, n.o.s.	10,050	4,570	5,480	240	150	85
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	205	85	120	5	5	5
Tibeto-Burman languages	2,500	1,265	1,230	30	15	15
Burmese	1,125	580	545	0	0	5
Karenic languages	815	395	425	25	15	10
Tibetan	330	175	160	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	230	120	110	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	3,985	1,335	2,650	60	15	50
Lao	1,100	550	550	5	0	0
Thai	2,865	775	2,090	55	10	45
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	20	10	15	0	0	0
Turkic languages	4,140	2,295	1,845	105	60	45
Azerbaijani	530	290	235	5	5	5
Turkish	3,145	1,790	1,360	75	50	30
Uyghur	170	85	85	0	0	0
Uzbek	105	50	55	10	5	5
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	190	80	110	10	5	5
Uralic languages	13,490	6,285	7,205	250	115	135
Estonian	705	295	410	20	5	10
Finnish	3,760	1,555	2,200	45	15	30
Hungarian	9,025	4,435	4,590	185	90	95
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	500	280	225	25	10	10
Multiple responses	103,415	49,625	53,795	9,290	4,440	4,855
English and French	10,065	4,815	5,250	7,285	3,470	3,815
English and non-official language	89,135	42,820	46,315	1,535	725	810
French and non-official language	2,100	1,040	1,065	330	175	155
English, French and non-official language	2,115	950	1,165	145	65	75
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	4,598,415	2,255,395	2,343,015	736,280	360,435	375,845
Single responses	4,365,875	2,145,020	2,220,855	724,940	355,025	369,910
Official languages	3,648,500	1,807,825	1,840,675	712,250	348,510	363,740
English	3,631,700	1,799,625	1,832,075	505,935	247,610	258,325
French	16,795	8,195	8,605	206,315	100,900	105,415
Non-official languages	717,375	337,200	380,180	12,690	6,515	6,175
Aboriginal languages	1,565	765	795	820	400	420
Algonquian languages	105	50	55	820	395	420
Blackfoot	0	5	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	85	40	45	0	5	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	15	10	10	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	5	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	60	30	30	0	5	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	5	0	0	815	395	420
Malecite	0	0	0	50	25	25
Mi'kmaq	5	0	0	765	370	395
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	5	5	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	15	5	5	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	610	290	320	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	605	290	315	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	20	10	10	0	0	0
Beaver	40	20	20	0	0	0
Carrier	245	110	130	0	0	0
Chilcotin	260	125	130	0	0	0
Dene	15	5	10	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	15	10	5	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	10	5	5	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	5	0	5	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	5	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	5	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	10	5	5	0	0	0
Inuit languages	10	5	5	5	5	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	10	0	5	5	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	15	10	5	0	0	0
Michif	0	5	0	5	0	0
Salish languages	275	130	150	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	50	20	30	0	0	0
Lillooet	25	15	15	0	0	0
Okanagan	85	35	45	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	50	30	20	0	0	0
Squamish	5	5	0	0	0	0
Straits	25	10	15	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	20	10	10	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0	0	0
Siouan languages	15	10	5	0	0	0
Dakota	10	10	5	0	0	0
Stoney	5	5	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	405	215	195	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	310	155	155	0	0	0
Nisga'a	70	45	25	0	0	0
Tsimshian	25	15	10	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	75	40	35	0	0	0
Haisla	20	10	15	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	5	5	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	25	10	10	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	30	15	10	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	45	15	25	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	715,815	336,435	379,380	11,870	6,115	5,750
Afro-Asiatic languages	13,990	7,065	6,920	2,285	1,210	1,075
Berber languages	45	25	20	0	0	0
Kabyle	20	10	15	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	770	355	415	20	10	10
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	90	50	45	0	0	0
Somali	665	300	360	20	5	10
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	0	0	0
Semitic languages	13,155	6,680	6,475	2,265	1,200	1,065
Amharic	600	275	320	20	10	10
Arabic	10,415	5,335	5,080	2,110	1,125	990
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	405	195	210	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	310	165	145	0	0	0
Harari	10	5	5	0	0	0
Hebrew	900	465	440	130	60	70
Maltese	15	5	10	0	0	5
Tigrigna	410	190	225	5	0	5
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	95	45	50	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	5	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	17,870	8,305	9,560	525	255	270
Khmer (Cambodian)	800	375	420	5	5	0
Vietnamese	17,055	7,920	9,130	520	250	270
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	15	10	5	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	40,605	17,945	22,660	510	235	270
Bikol	75	30	35	0	0	0
Cebuano	1,305	585	715	40	15	25
Fijian	110	65	55	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	415	175	240	0	0	0
Ilocano	1,615	695	930	0	0	0
Malagasy	10	5	10	5	0	5
Malay	1,120	510	605	15	0	5
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	150	70	80	0	0	0
Pangasinan	55	25	30	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	35,375	15,600	19,770	450	215	235
Waray-Waray	55	25	35	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	310	150	160	0	0	5
Creole languages	335	150	180	65	25	35
Haitian Creole	0	0	5	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	235	105	130	20	0	15
Creole languages, n.i.e.	95	50	45	45	20	20
Dravidian languages	3,940	1,995	1,940	110	60	45
Kannada	110	55	60	5	0	0
Malayalam	1,225	615	605	20	5	10
Tamil	2,055	1,025	1,030	35	20	20
Telugu	535	295	240	45	30	15
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	5	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	55	25	30	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	282,090	137,135	144,955	4,160	2,175	1,990
Albanian	695	335	360	30	15	10
Armenian	545	240	305	20	5	10
Balto-Slavic languages	31,640	15,150	16,490	975	505	470
Baltic languages	210	90	115	35	20	15
Latvian	80	30	50	10	5	5
Lithuanian	125	60	65	25	15	10
Slavic languages	31,430	15,060	16,370	935	480	455
Belarusan	15	5	5	0	0	0
Bosnian	595	300	300	25	15	10
Bulgarian	1,035	485	550	5	5	0
Croatian	2,235	1,055	1,180	25	10	15
Czech	1,595	800	795	5	0	5
Macedonian	150	75	75	0	0	0
Polish	5,690	2,720	2,970	55	25	30
Russian	13,310	6,290	7,020	620	320	305
Serbian	3,695	1,870	1,825	80	45	35
Serbo-Croatian	500	235	265	5	5	5
Slovak	1,000	480	520	5	5	5
Slovene (Slovenian)	145	65	85	0	0	0
Ukrainian	1,430	665	765	90	50	40
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	40	20	20	0	0	0
Celtic languages	70	40	30	10	0	5
Scottish Gaelic	35	20	10	5	0	5
Welsh	25	10	10	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0	0	0
Germanic languages	14,430	6,870	7,555	640	320	320
Afrikaans	1,475	715	760	35	15	20
Danish	305	145	160	5	5	5
Dutch	1,895	890	1,005	150	80	75
Frisian	10	5	5	5	0	5
German	10,085	4,795	5,295	425	215	210
Icelandic	75	35	35	0	0	0
Norwegian	140	60	80	5	0	5
Swedish	360	170	195	5	0	5
Vlaams (Flemish)	50	30	20	10	5	5
Yiddish	10	10	5	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	15	5	5	0	0	0
Greek	2,010	975	1,035	45	25	25
Indo-Iranian languages	194,590	95,380	99,215	1,140	595	545
Indo-Aryan languages	164,185	80,610	83,575	655	335	325
Bengali	1,815	895	920	130	70	60
Gujarati	2,970	1,320	1,645	40	15	20
Hindi	12,310	5,890	6,425	115	60	50
Kashmiri	10	5	5	0	0	0
Konkani	40	25	25	5	5	0
Marathi	270	140	130	20	10	10
Nepali	665	345	320	135	60	75
Oriya (Odia)	35	20	15	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	139,080	68,565	70,515	50	25	25
Sindhi	615	270	345	10	5	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	675	330	340	5	5	5
Urdu	5,705	2,825	2,880	140	75	70
Iranian languages	30,205	14,665	15,540	470	255	220
Kurdish	1,080	540	535	35	25	10
Pashto	700	350	350	15	5	5
Persian (Farsi)	28,420	13,765	14,660	425	225	195
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	200	100	100	15	10	5
Italic (Romance) languages	38,110	18,145	19,970	1,305	705	600
Catalan	65	35	35	5	5	0
Italian	5,200	2,245	2,955	85	40	45
Portuguese	6,725	3,140	3,580	110	50	60
Romanian	3,800	1,830	1,970	290	145	140
Spanish	22,310	10,900	11,410	820	470	350
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	20	5	10	0	0	0
Japanese	9,860	4,070	5,790	20	10	15
Kartvelian languages	30	15	10	0	0	0
Georgian	30	15	15	0	0	0
Korean	38,605	17,785	20,820	1,245	645	605
Mongolic languages	170	80	90	5	0	0
Mongolian	165	80	85	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	960	430	530	240	125	120
Akan (Twi)	150	80	65	10	5	10
Bamanankan	5	5	5	20	15	5
Edo	15	10	10	0	0	0
Ewe	20	5	10	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	20	5	10	10	10	5
Ga	5	5	0	5	0	0
Ganda	10	5	5	0	0	0
Igbo	40	20	15	5	5	0
Lingala	35	15	20	10	5	5
Rundi (Kirundi)	55	20	40	20	15	10
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	60	25	35	10	5	5
Shona	65	25	40	5	0	5
Swahili	200	90	115	80	35	45
Wolof	20	10	10	5	5	0
Yoruba	60	30	35	5	5	5
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	200	85	120	50	25	25
Nilo-Saharan languages	140	60	75	0	0	0
Dinka	55	30	20	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	85	30	55	0	0	0
Sign languages	1,535	850	685	200	115	85
American Sign Language	455	230	225	55	30	25
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	1,080	615	460	150	90	60
Sino-Tibetan languages	299,420	137,555	161,865	2,390	1,210	1,175
Chinese languages	297,675	136,670	161,000	2,365	1,195	1,170
Cantonese	137,075	62,545	74,525	260	130	130
Hakka	700	295	410	5	0	0
Mandarin	146,435	67,695	78,740	1,855	930	920
Min Dong	65	25	35	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	4,820	2,185	2,630	15	10	5
Wu (Shanghainese)	2,595	1,195	1,400	85	40	45
Chinese, n.o.s.	5,885	2,680	3,205	140	80	55
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	105	45	55	10	0	5
Tibeto-Burman languages	1,745	885	865	25	15	10
Burmese	720	375	350	5	0	0
Karenic languages	725	355	370	20	10	10
Tibetan	205	110	90	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	90	45	45	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	1,380	595	785	10	0	5
Lao	460	225	235	0	0	0
Thai	920	370	545	10	5	5
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	10	5	5	0	0	0
Turkic languages	1,695	880	815	30	15	10
Azerbaijani	195	105	95	0	0	0
Turkish	1,310	685	630	25	15	5
Uyghur	95	50	50	0	0	0
Uzbek	45	25	20	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	40	20	25	0	0	0
Uralic languages	3,005	1,415	1,590	70	35	40
Estonian	95	40	55	5	0	0
Finnish	725	325	400	5	5	5
Hungarian	2,185	1,050	1,130	55	30	30
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	145	70	75	0	0	0
Multiple responses	232,540	110,375	122,165	11,345	5,415	5,925
English and French	6,155	2,970	3,185	7,275	3,370	3,905
English and non-official language	222,670	105,750	116,920	3,435	1,715	1,720
French and non-official language	650	290	360	340	185	160
English, French and non-official language	3,065	1,365	1,700	290	140	145
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	4,598,415	2,255,400	2,343,015	736,280	360,435	375,845
None	3,931,210	1,940,390	1,990,820	647,960	318,560	329,400
English	274,535	132,990	141,545	49,925	24,065	25,855
French	41,020	18,435	22,590	30,030	13,760	16,275
Non-official language	340,930	158,590	182,345	7,545	3,650	3,895
Aboriginal	7,985	3,765	4,215	1,300	625	685
Non-Aboriginal	332,945	154,820	178,125	6,240	3,030	3,210
English and French	1,195	545	650	180	90	90
English and non-official language	5,660	2,655	3,005	300	160	145
French and non-official language	3,765	1,745	2,020	335	155	185
English, French and non-official language	100	45	50	10	5	5
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	3,870,330	1,882,865	1,987,460	620,390	301,645	318,745
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	3,727,360	1,815,500	1,911,860	594,705	289,220	305,485
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	33,012	40,370	27,543	30,961	37,516	25,796
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	3,731,980	1,819,375	1,912,600	594,920	289,245	305,680
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	29,783	35,383	25,659	28,107	33,169	23,945
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	3,363,310	1,665,225	1,698,085	516,780	259,945	256,835
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	31,585	39,557	25,304	28,444	34,830	23,278
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	2,628,215	1,140,195	1,488,025	439,645	193,975	245,675
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	4,592	3,717	4,920	8,164	9,210	7,321
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	2,775,010	1,415,295	1,359,715	423,915	219,135	204,780
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	31,713	39,186	26,034	29,124	34,784	24,769
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	3,870,375	1,882,770	1,987,605	620,395	301,650	318,745
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	3,727,715	1,815,380	1,912,335	594,650	289,140	305,510
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	45,616	54,797	36,901	39,141	46,154	32,504
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	3,732,420	1,819,290	1,913,130	594,870	289,165	305,700
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	37,922	44,282	31,874	33,022	38,151	28,171
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	3,362,835	1,664,850	1,697,985	516,685	259,855	256,830
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	44,933	54,787	35,271	37,432	44,240	30,543
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	2,628,230	1,139,390	1,488,840	440,195	194,240	245,955
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,207	7,255	7,171	8,938	9,519	8,480
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	2,775,010	1,415,100	1,359,910	423,915	218,800	205,110
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	43,339	52,171	34,149	37,611	43,456	31,376
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	3,870,375	1,882,770	1,987,605	620,390	301,645	318,745
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	1,147,070	652,115	494,950	197,290	104,215	93,075
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	53,940	61,004	47,039	46,349	52,010	41,058
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	64,625	72,840	53,801	54,011	60,796	46,415
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	88.9	91.7	84.9	83.2	86.2	79.0
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	70.8	74.4	65.8	68.5	71.3	64.7
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	11.1	8.3	15.1	16.8	13.8	21.0
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	3,870,330	1,882,865	1,987,460	620,390	301,650	318,745
Without total income	142,970	67,370	75,600	25,680	12,430	13,260
With total income	3,727,360	1,815,505	1,911,860	594,710	289,220	305,490
Percentage with total income	96.3	96.4	96.2	95.9	95.9	95.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	573,315	240,120	333,195	80,700	32,655	48,050
$10,000 to $19,999	653,915	262,225	391,685	109,015	40,415	68,600
$20,000 to $29,999	503,290	209,095	294,195	99,025	40,480	58,540
$30,000 to $39,999	424,330	188,860	235,470	83,770	41,360	42,405
$40,000 to $49,999	366,220	173,020	193,200	65,795	35,080	30,715
$50,000 to $59,999	286,310	148,095	138,215	44,810	26,560	18,250
$60,000 to $69,999	222,975	129,400	93,580	32,185	20,270	11,920
$70,000 to $79,999	171,625	103,795	67,830	24,565	14,130	10,430
$80,000 to $89,999	134,090	83,100	50,990	17,095	9,915	7,180
$90,000 to $99,999	96,825	62,825	34,005	10,240	6,980	3,260
$100,000 and over	294,475	214,980	79,500	27,515	21,380	6,135
$100,000 to $149,999	198,355	142,260	56,095	19,765	15,195	4,570
$150,000 and over	96,115	72,715	23,405	7,750	6,185	1,565
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	3,870,330	1,882,870	1,987,460	620,390	301,645	318,750
Without after-tax income	138,350	63,495	74,855	25,470	12,405	13,070
With after-tax income	3,731,980	1,819,375	1,912,605	594,920	289,240	305,680
Percentage with after-tax income	96.4	96.6	96.2	95.9	95.9	95.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	597,310	253,480	343,835	83,590	33,140	50,455
$10,000 to $19,999	686,510	280,490	406,015	115,730	43,245	72,485
$20,000 to $29,999	593,490	252,075	341,415	118,940	51,335	67,610
$30,000 to $39,999	495,200	226,080	269,120	98,230	50,770	47,460
$40,000 to $49,999	402,535	200,565	201,965	67,470	38,665	28,810
$50,000 to $59,999	293,450	167,870	125,585	42,775	26,495	16,280
$60,000 to $69,999	210,085	128,000	82,080	28,790	16,435	12,355
$70,000 to $79,999	151,775	95,230	56,545	14,945	10,205	4,740
$80,000 and over	301,635	215,590	86,045	24,450	18,955	5,500
$80,000 to $89,999	94,700	64,330	30,370	8,385	6,340	2,040
$90,000 to $99,999	59,050	42,050	17,000	5,060	3,970	1,090
$100,000 and over	147,885	109,215	38,670	11,005	8,640	2,365
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	3,870,330	1,882,865	1,987,460	620,390	301,645	318,745
Without employment income	1,095,320	467,570	627,745	196,475	82,515	113,965
With employment income	2,775,010	1,415,295	1,359,715	423,910	219,140	204,775
Percentage with employment income	71.7	75.2	68.4	68.3	72.6	64.2
Under $5,000 (including loss)	441,080	204,275	236,810	54,590	26,540	28,045
$5,000 to $9,999	212,715	90,015	122,705	36,840	15,720	21,120
$10,000 to $19,999	371,875	160,350	211,525	65,895	29,920	35,975
$20,000 to $29,999	309,470	135,945	173,525	59,240	25,955	33,280
$30,000 to $39,999	282,045	126,870	155,180	50,190	24,930	25,260
$40,000 to $49,999	253,810	118,870	134,935	42,140	22,160	19,980
$50,000 to $59,999	203,885	107,605	96,280	29,910	18,180	11,730
$60,000 to $69,999	163,740	98,205	65,535	23,390	14,620	8,770
$70,000 to $79,999	132,340	82,120	50,220	19,515	10,565	8,950
$80,000 and over	404,040	291,050	112,990	42,210	30,540	11,665
$80,000 to $89,999	106,680	67,815	38,860	13,190	7,840	5,345
$90,000 to $99,999	76,470	51,990	24,480	8,105	5,685	2,420
$100,000 and over	220,890	171,245	49,645	20,915	17,015	3,895
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	1,881,970	...	...	319,770	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	69,995	...	...	59,347	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	61,280	...	...	52,553	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	541,915	...	...	89,480	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	35,701	...	...	28,747	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	31,899	...	...	26,387	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	1,340,055	...	...	230,290	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	88,466	...	...	74,207	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	77,108	...	...	65,063	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	1,881,970	...	...	319,775	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	90,354	...	...	72,786	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	75,209	...	...	61,431	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	541,925	...	...	89,455	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	46,696	...	...	36,505	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	39,091	...	...	31,242	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	1,340,045	...	...	230,320	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	108,010	...	...	86,878	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	89,816	...	...	73,156	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	1,881,965	...	...	319,775	...	...
Under $5,000	43,415	...	...	3,940	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	27,140	...	...	7,800	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	55,745	...	...	6,835	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	77,565	...	...	17,765	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	78,695	...	...	16,400	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	72,985	...	...	16,335	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	78,080	...	...	17,830	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	78,395	...	...	16,875	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	76,775	...	...	15,365	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	75,860	...	...	14,845	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	143,475	...	...	27,735	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	132,845	...	...	25,205	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	122,350	...	...	22,750	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	111,350	...	...	19,415	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	99,420	...	...	16,030	...	...
$100,000 and over	607,855	...	...	74,655	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	198,140	...	...	29,535	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	138,420	...	...	18,605	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	149,210	...	...	17,050	...	...
$200,000 and over	122,080	...	...	9,460	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	1,881,965	...	...	319,770	...	...
Under $5,000	46,350	...	...	4,090	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	27,605	...	...	7,880	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	56,780	...	...	6,980	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	80,315	...	...	18,630	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	89,795	...	...	18,705	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	88,035	...	...	18,580	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	93,640	...	...	20,540	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	92,220	...	...	19,550	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	91,635	...	...	18,165	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	88,520	...	...	17,920	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	165,685	...	...	32,930	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	150,650	...	...	29,175	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	136,430	...	...	23,970	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	118,520	...	...	19,330	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	101,185	...	...	15,105	...	...
$100,000 and over	454,595	...	...	48,225	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	187,490	...	...	25,135	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	111,260	...	...	11,980	...	...
$150,000 and over	155,845	...	...	11,110	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	1,276,275	...	...	221,680	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	88,451	...	...	74,353	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	77,002	...	...	65,100	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	519,030	...	...	99,865	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	80,788	...	...	67,988	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	70,464	...	...	59,801	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	536,175	...	...	82,260	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	111,736	...	...	100,315	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	96,176	...	...	85,717	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	4.0	...	...	3.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	179,945	...	...	33,580	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	51,056	...	...	42,992	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	46,668	...	...	40,671	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	1,275,865	...	...	221,740	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	108,241	...	...	87,048	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	89,792	...	...	73,197	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	518,295	...	...	99,840	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	100,772	...	...	79,085	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	83,021	...	...	66,576	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	536,580	...	...	82,415	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	131,213	...	...	111,901	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	108,407	...	...	92,699	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	179,615	...	...	33,455	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	63,004	...	...	51,119	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	54,655	...	...	45,687	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	768,855	373,390	395,465	114,825	54,970	59,850
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	31,255	33,342	29,674	27,250	30,122	25,182
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	28,320	29,815	27,221	25,167	27,154	23,916
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	766,660	371,595	395,060	114,375	54,300	60,075
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	41,666	44,615	38,892	34,738	37,330	32,395
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	35,191	37,100	33,395	29,845	31,431	28,411
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	4,560,235	2,237,490	2,322,745	730,710	357,860	372,850
In the bottom half of the distribution	2,265,245	1,078,695	1,186,555	428,180	204,170	224,005
In the bottom decile	537,405	258,275	279,140	80,120	37,430	42,695
In the second decile	449,395	205,320	244,075	94,165	42,190	51,980
In the third decile	420,355	198,845	221,510	87,075	41,905	45,170
In the fourth decile	422,805	203,710	219,095	85,610	42,275	43,335
In the fifth decile	435,290	212,555	222,735	81,200	40,375	40,825
In the top half of the distribution	2,294,990	1,158,795	1,136,195	302,530	153,685	148,845
In the sixth decile	442,070	218,225	223,845	77,345	38,915	38,425
In the seventh decile	451,795	226,240	225,555	73,185	37,190	36,005
In the eighth decile	462,900	233,935	228,970	65,090	32,815	32,275
In the ninth decile	473,535	241,165	232,375	52,050	26,635	25,410
In the top decile	464,685	239,235	225,450	34,860	18,130	16,730
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	4,477,875	2,196,415	2,281,460	722,550	353,870	368,680
0 to 17 years	822,390	422,685	399,710	131,930	67,285	64,645
0 to 5 years	260,110	133,670	126,445	40,900	20,805	20,100
18 to 64 years	2,876,495	1,404,390	1,472,105	452,805	221,675	231,130
65 years and over	778,990	369,345	409,645	137,820	64,915	72,905
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	694,960	325,015	369,940	123,820	55,990	67,825
0 to 17 years	151,880	78,110	73,770	29,250	14,930	14,320
0 to 5 years	46,920	24,035	22,885	10,285	5,260	5,030
18 to 64 years	427,085	198,475	228,615	66,745	29,975	36,770
65 years and over	115,990	48,430	67,560	27,830	11,090	16,745
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	15.5	14.8	16.2	17.1	15.8	18.4
0 to 17 years (%)	18.5	18.5	18.5	22.2	22.2	22.2
0 to 5 years (%)	18.0	18.0	18.1	25.1	25.3	25.0
18 to 64 years (%)	14.8	14.1	15.5	14.7	13.5	15.9
65 years and over (%)	14.9	13.1	16.5	20.2	17.1	23.0
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	491,645	236,430	255,215	49,830	24,165	25,660
0 to 17 years	99,330	50,890	48,450	11,520	5,890	5,630
0 to 5 years	29,250	14,930	14,315	4,200	2,145	2,055
18 to 64 years	345,345	165,740	179,605	35,680	17,255	18,425
65 years and over	46,965	19,805	27,165	2,630	1,025	1,605
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	11.0	10.8	11.2	6.9	6.8	7.0
0 to 17 years (%)	12.1	12.0	12.1	8.7	8.8	8.7
0 to 5 years (%)	11.2	11.2	11.3	10.3	10.3	10.2
18 to 64 years (%)	12.0	11.8	12.2	7.9	7.8	8.0
65 years and over (%)	6.0	5.4	6.6	1.9	1.6	2.2
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	4,560,235	2,237,490	2,322,745	730,710	357,855	372,850
Official languages	4,407,125	2,173,840	2,233,285	728,310	356,615	371,690
English	4,405,380	2,173,040	2,232,340	666,315	326,905	339,415
French	314,225	140,085	174,140	310,550	147,845	162,705
Non-official languages	1,546,550	727,200	819,355	34,880	17,355	17,525
Aboriginal languages	17,190	8,115	9,075	3,065	1,470	1,595
Algonquian languages	1,950	905	1,045	2,990	1,455	1,540
Blackfoot	35	0	35	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	1,600	795	805	10	0	10
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	15	0	10	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	10	0	10	0	0	0
Plains Cree	345	160	180	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	55	25	30	0	0	10
Woods Cree	80	45	40	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	1,090	560	525	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	30	20	10	2,965	1,435	1,530
Malecite	10	10	0	720	335	385
Mi'kmaq	25	15	0	2,265	1,115	1,150
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	310	100	205	15	15	0
Algonquin	20	0	15	0	10	0
Ojibway	275	95	180	10	10	0
Oji-Cree	15	0	15	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	4,375	2,050	2,330	10	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	4,345	2,035	2,315	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	200	100	95	0	0	0
Beaver	255	130	130	0	0	0
Carrier	2,045	940	1,110	0	0	0
Chilcotin	1,130	525	605	0	0	0
Dene	130	55	80	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	185	85	100	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	125	60	75	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	10	0	10	0	0	0
South Slavey	25	15	10	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	105	45	60	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	290	155	130	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	35	20	15	0	0	0
Tahltan	250	135	120	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	10	0	10	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	10	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	10	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	30	15	10	0	0	0
Haida	455	195	255	0	0	0
Inuit languages	170	70	95	55	10	45
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	20	10	10	0	0	0
Inuktitut	120	50	70	45	10	40
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	35	15	25	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	30	10	15	10	0	10
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	25	10	15	10	0	10
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	10	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	170	95	80	0	0	0
Michif	110	50	60	10	10	0
Salish languages	5,660	2,690	2,970	0	10	0
Comox	185	75	105	0	0	0
Halkomelem	1,045	470	570	0	0	0
Lillooet	790	405	385	0	0	0
Okanagan	805	360	445	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	1,280	630	650	0	0	0
Squamish	280	125	155	0	0	0
Straits	360	160	200	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	440	220	220	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	540	280	260	0	0	0
Siouan languages	55	20	35	0	0	0
Dakota	30	15	15	0	0	0
Stoney	10	10	10	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0	0	0
Tlingit	60	40	20	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	2,685	1,330	1,350	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	1,275	635	645	0	0	0
Nisga'a	1,035	535	500	0	0	0
Tsimshian	405	180	230	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	1,460	670	795	0	0	0
Haisla	175	65	105	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	120	50	70	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	590	275	315	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	560	265	295	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	20	15	10	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	240	105	135	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	1,529,635	719,190	810,440	31,865	15,915	15,955
Afro-Asiatic languages	35,115	18,585	16,530	4,355	2,385	1,980
Berber languages	145	95	45	80	40	35
Kabyle	65	40	25	40	20	15
Berber languages, n.i.e.	80	60	20	40	25	20
Cushitic languages	2,070	955	1,120	15	10	0
Bilen	20	10	15	0	0	0
Oromo	245	140	110	0	0	0
Somali	1,800	815	985	10	10	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0	0	0
Semitic languages	33,110	17,660	15,460	4,300	2,340	1,960
Amharic	2,095	1,050	1,045	165	100	65
Arabic	24,230	13,180	11,050	3,685	2,030	1,660
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	760	370	390	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	570	285	285	0	0	0
Harari	55	35	20	0	0	0
Hebrew	5,450	2,805	2,645	435	205	230
Maltese	315	155	155	0	10	0
Tigrigna	1,055	560	495	50	25	25
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	300	160	140	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	170	85	85	15	15	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	35,915	17,130	18,785	835	430	400
Khmer (Cambodian)	1,875	850	1,020	10	0	0
Vietnamese	34,140	16,295	17,840	820	435	390
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	55	30	25	10	0	0
Austronesian languages	125,425	51,215	74,210	1,790	695	1,090
Bikol	530	215	310	10	0	10
Cebuano	5,365	2,000	3,370	185	70	115
Fijian	1,095	655	440	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	1,685	710	975	35	10	30
Ilocano	6,450	2,480	3,970	50	10	45
Malagasy	25	15	10	25	10	15
Malay	7,495	3,480	4,010	75	20	55
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	855	365	495	0	0	0
Pangasinan	480	205	275	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	113,265	45,455	67,805	1,595	625	970
Waray-Waray	320	130	195	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	1,515	740	775	20	15	0
Creole languages	2,485	1,320	1,165	430	195	235
Haitian Creole	135	55	75	50	20	30
Creole, n.o.s.	1,310	730	585	240	105	135
Creole languages, n.i.e.	1,055	540	515	140	75	65
Dravidian languages	10,390	5,485	4,905	435	245	195
Kannada	510	250	265	60	30	25
Malayalam	3,350	1,795	1,550	55	35	25
Tamil	5,445	2,830	2,610	190	115	75
Telugu	1,720	970	750	175	90	85
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	85	30	55	20	10	10
Hmong-Mien languages	165	85	80	10	10	0
Indo-European languages	764,815	371,760	393,060	16,505	8,155	8,350
Albanian	1,640	840	795	80	45	35
Armenian	1,680	845	835	60	35	25
Balto-Slavic languages	94,050	44,710	49,340	2,065	1,100	965
Baltic languages	1,030	515	520	55	40	20
Latvian	555	290	265	20	10	10
Lithuanian	475	220	250	30	20	10
Slavic languages	93,235	44,305	48,940	2,025	1,070	955
Belarusan	245	115	125	10	0	0
Bosnian	2,075	1,020	1,050	75	40	40
Bulgarian	2,430	1,105	1,325	45	15	35
Croatian	10,685	5,255	5,430	95	45	55
Czech	7,480	3,665	3,815	115	65	45
Macedonian	400	220	185	35	25	10
Polish	19,175	8,980	10,190	320	165	160
Russian	33,990	15,850	18,135	1,200	630	570
Serbian	9,110	4,625	4,485	90	70	20
Serbo-Croatian	1,525	770	750	40	30	10
Slovak	4,270	2,045	2,225	45	15	30
Slovene (Slovenian)	1,375	610	760	15	10	0
Ukrainian	10,740	4,835	5,905	310	145	165
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	420	215	205	10	10	10
Celtic languages	1,855	990	865	140	40	100
Scottish Gaelic	660	395	265	95	20	75
Welsh	345	145	195	10	0	10
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	860	450	410	40	20	20
Germanic languages	136,685	65,350	71,335	4,745	2,360	2,380
Afrikaans	7,670	3,875	3,800	130	70	60
Danish	5,510	2,490	3,020	155	60	95
Dutch	24,060	11,520	12,550	1,185	560	625
Frisian	465	230	240	50	40	15
German	95,005	45,840	49,165	3,260	1,675	1,580
Icelandic	405	210	195	10	10	0
Norwegian	2,845	1,425	1,415	130	65	65
Swedish	4,825	2,125	2,695	110	45	60
Vlaams (Flemish)	545	270	275	40	20	25
Yiddish	505	225	280	20	20	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	155	95	60	0	0	0
Greek	9,095	4,725	4,370	220	125	95
Indo-Iranian languages	363,205	181,340	181,865	2,325	1,275	1,050
Indo-Aryan languages	311,955	155,465	156,490	1,570	875	695
Bengali	3,670	1,885	1,785	225	150	80
Gujarati	11,500	5,455	6,050	110	45	65
Hindi	81,330	39,950	41,380	790	430	355
Kashmiri	60	30	25	0	0	0
Konkani	415	215	200	0	0	0
Marathi	1,475	780	695	55	20	30
Nepali	1,485	725	760	185	90	95
Oriya (Odia)	70	40	30	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	244,485	122,450	122,035	205	130	75
Sindhi	3,300	1,415	1,885	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	2,430	1,265	1,170	35	10	20
Urdu	16,750	8,840	7,915	355	215	140
Iranian languages	52,300	26,435	25,870	805	430	375
Kurdish	2,225	1,185	1,040	130	65	60
Pashto	1,660	940	725	60	45	20
Persian (Farsi)	49,835	25,135	24,690	620	330	285
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	935	490	450	10	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	177,685	83,505	94,185	7,600	3,540	4,055
Catalan	395	210	180	15	10	0
Italian	37,475	18,075	19,400	825	405	420
Portuguese	23,260	11,060	12,200	450	250	200
Romanian	10,045	4,945	5,105	555	290	265
Spanish	115,115	53,215	61,900	6,065	2,775	3,290
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	380	245	140	10	0	10
Japanese	36,990	15,955	21,040	430	190	240
Kartvelian languages	115	55	60	0	0	0
Georgian	115	55	55	0	0	0
Korean	57,490	26,310	31,180	1,695	860	835
Mongolic languages	370	170	200	10	10	10
Mongolian	370	165	195	15	10	10
Niger-Congo languages	8,025	4,130	3,895	1,525	890	640
Akan (Twi)	630	350	280	35	15	25
Bamanankan	30	20	15	155	70	85
Edo	145	80	60	0	0	0
Ewe	135	90	45	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	105	30	70	100	85	15
Ga	150	95	50	10	10	0
Ganda	165	80	85	10	10	0
Igbo	425	240	185	60	50	15
Lingala	280	125	150	125	95	35
Rundi (Kirundi)	125	45	75	90	55	35
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	290	125	165	70	40	30
Shona	415	220	195	40	15	25
Swahili	3,365	1,785	1,575	355	185	170
Wolof	50	25	30	70	45	25
Yoruba	885	455	435	60	45	20
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	1,835	840	1,000	545	315	230
Nilo-Saharan languages	405	210	200	10	0	0
Dinka	85	50	35	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	325	155	165	0	0	0
Sign languages	7,545	2,865	4,680	1,155	450	705
American Sign Language	3,860	1,280	2,575	425	150	280
Quebec Sign Language	10	0	0	15	10	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	3,780	1,615	2,160	745	305	435
Sino-Tibetan languages	457,595	211,220	246,375	3,585	1,885	1,700
Chinese languages	454,885	209,850	245,030	3,510	1,855	1,660
Cantonese	234,445	108,485	125,960	610	285	320
Hakka	2,715	1,290	1,430	0	0	0
Mandarin	265,635	119,995	145,640	2,760	1,455	1,310
Min Dong	130	55	75	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	16,410	7,230	9,185	60	30	30
Wu (Shanghainese)	5,600	2,445	3,155	140	65	75
Chinese, n.o.s.	10,380	4,725	5,650	310	195	115
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	200	75	120	40	10	30
Tibeto-Burman languages	3,000	1,500	1,505	70	30	40
Burmese	1,490	730	755	0	0	0
Karenic languages	955	485	465	65	25	45
Tibetan	375	205	165	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	330	150	180	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	5,635	2,190	3,450	85	20	65
Lao	1,630	735	890	10	0	10
Thai	4,275	1,535	2,740	80	20	60
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	6,785	3,685	3,095	175	105	75
Azerbaijani	945	510	435	0	0	0
Turkish	5,585	3,025	2,555	165	105	60
Uyghur	115	60	55	0	0	0
Uzbek	170	95	75	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	275	140	130	10	0	10
Uralic languages	15,280	7,095	8,185	270	130	140
Estonian	780	350	425	20	15	0
Finnish	4,030	1,640	2,385	35	15	20
Hungarian	10,495	5,100	5,395	220	105	115
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	10	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	1,045	575	470	100	70	30
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	4,560,235	2,237,485	2,322,750	730,710	357,855	372,855
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	4,138,300	2,038,285	2,100,015	710,775	347,905	362,875
Canadian citizens aged under 18	790,485	406,970	383,510	130,785	66,795	63,990
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	3,347,820	1,631,310	1,716,505	579,995	281,110	298,880
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	421,935	199,205	222,735	19,925	9,950	9,980
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	4,560,240	2,237,490	2,322,750	730,710	357,855	372,850
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	3,167,155	1,584,305	1,582,855	692,535	339,090	353,445
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	1,292,675	603,800	688,875	33,810	16,175	17,640
Before 1981	356,155	171,330	184,825	11,545	5,265	6,275
1981 to 1990	152,220	70,475	81,750	2,735	1,340	1,390
1991 to 2000	287,505	132,190	155,315	2,975	1,490	1,490
2001 to 2010	321,240	147,250	173,985	7,235	3,530	3,710
2001 to 2005	147,735	67,425	80,305	2,435	1,110	1,330
2006 to 2010	173,505	79,825	93,680	4,800	2,415	2,385
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	175,555	82,555	92,995	9,330	4,560	4,770
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	100,405	49,385	51,020	4,360	2,590	1,770
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	1,292,670	603,800	688,875	33,815	16,175	17,635
Under 5 years	112,665	56,495	56,175	5,135	2,350	2,790
5 to 14 years	212,710	108,975	103,730	7,290	3,585	3,705
15 to 24 years	279,495	126,690	152,805	5,790	2,525	3,265
25 to 44 years	537,500	242,185	295,310	12,640	6,100	6,535
45 years and over	150,305	69,455	80,845	2,955	1,615	1,340
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	1,292,675	603,800	688,875	33,815	16,175	17,635
Americas	110,850	50,515	60,330	9,420	4,205	5,210
Brazil	3,800	1,545	2,260	55	20	30
Colombia	3,915	1,720	2,195	215	85	130
El Salvador	5,425	2,710	2,715	115	85	30
Guyana	1,305	600	710	80	40	45
Haiti	570	250	315	170	70	100
Jamaica	3,505	1,770	1,735	120	85	40
Mexico	10,375	4,425	5,945	160	50	110
Peru	3,265	1,330	1,930	60	35	25
Trinidad and Tobago	2,620	1,205	1,415	115	70	40
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	57,780	26,425	31,355	7,620	3,315	4,305
Other places of birth in Americas	18,295	8,530	9,765	715	355	360
Europe	319,885	156,975	162,915	10,985	5,335	5,650
Bosnia and Herzegovina	4,570	2,230	2,345	100	55	50
Croatia	5,780	2,945	2,830	60	35	25
France	5,700	2,895	2,805	760	425	340
Germany	35,045	16,835	18,210	1,615	740	880
Greece	3,630	1,965	1,670	95	60	40
Hungary	6,175	3,145	3,030	100	35	65
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	5,890	3,090	2,795	160	75	85
Italy	15,405	8,050	7,355	210	125	85
Netherlands	18,225	9,365	8,855	975	505	465
Poland	15,115	6,965	8,145	195	90	100
Portugal	8,215	4,125	4,090	130	85	45
Romania	8,995	4,400	4,595	485	245	240
Russian Federation	10,920	4,700	6,215	245	115	135
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	4,480	2,225	2,260	30	25	10
Ukraine	7,500	3,520	3,980	250	120	130
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	123,810	60,975	62,835	4,600	2,160	2,445
Other places of birth in Europe	40,425	19,545	20,880	970	455	515
Africa	42,805	21,500	21,310	2,565	1,420	1,140
Algeria	485	310	175	165	90	75
Egypt	2,705	1,480	1,225	120	75	45
Ethiopia	2,070	1,015	1,060	120	65	60
Kenya	4,705	2,175	2,535	60	30	30
Morocco	985	535	455	200	120	75
Nigeria	1,740	925	815	115	65	50
Somalia	1,080	515	570	15	10	10
South Africa, Republic of	13,375	6,700	6,675	165	85	80
Other places of birth in Africa	15,645	7,840	7,800	1,615	885	725
Asia	788,055	359,835	428,220	10,625	5,105	5,520
Afghanistan	5,040	2,550	2,490	20	10	0
Bangladesh	2,125	1,080	1,040	100	55	50
China^{Census data footnote 59}	199,990	89,145	110,845	2,210	1,040	1,175
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	74,210	34,120	40,090	120	60	55
India	162,650	79,395	83,245	820	435	380
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	37,160	18,890	18,270	490	260	230
Iraq	5,550	2,855	2,690	70	25	45
Japan	13,365	3,840	9,520	90	15	75
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	41,515	18,870	22,645	1,495	775	720
Lebanon	2,235	1,290	950	390	225	165
Pakistan	10,665	5,470	5,190	225	130	95
Philippines	112,100	45,890	66,210	1,340	475	870
Sri Lanka	4,585	2,360	2,230	40	15	30
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	2,845	1,450	1,400	1,225	605	620
Taiwan	38,900	17,450	21,450	80	25	55
Viet Nam	27,875	12,970	14,905	720	355	365
Other places of birth in Asia	47,255	22,215	25,045	1,195	600	595
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	31,075	14,975	16,100	220	110	110
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	175,555	82,555	92,995	9,325	4,555	4,775
Americas	14,550	7,160	7,385	900	430	475
Brazil	1,145	525	615	20	10	10
Colombia	580	250	325	40	20	15
Cuba	140	60	80	10	10	10
Haiti	35	35	10	45	15	30
Jamaica	625	355	265	40	25	10
Mexico	2,885	1,420	1,460	25	10	20
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	6,485	3,290	3,190	585	285	300
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	270	115	155	25	10	20
Other places of birth in Americas	2,380	1,105	1,275	110	45	70
Europe	19,735	10,260	9,475	1,405	695	710
France	970	510	460	300	165	130
Germany	1,450	775	675	85	45	45
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	1,430	900	530	30	15	15
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	245	120	125	25	10	20
Romania	690	310	380	245	130	120
Russian Federation	1,735	620	1,110	90	35	55
Ukraine	1,230	495	735	100	50	50
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	6,540	3,840	2,695	240	145	100
Other places of birth in Europe	5,455	2,685	2,765	280	105	180
Africa	6,200	3,150	3,050	975	550	425
Algeria	65	40	20	15	20	0
Cameroon	65	25	35	45	35	10
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	150	80	75	155	75	80
Côte d'Ivoire	20	10	10	10	0	0
Egypt	625	340	290	40	20	20
Eritrea	320	175	145	35	15	25
Ethiopia	305	170	140	45	20	25
Morocco	205	115	95	40	30	10
Nigeria	645	325	315	40	15	25
Somalia	355	145	215	10	0	10
South Africa, Republic of	1,625	815	810	35	20	15
Tunisia	80	30	45	50	30	20
Other places of birth in Africa	1,745	890	860	455	265	185
Asia	131,880	60,140	71,735	6,015	2,865	3,150
Afghanistan	870	455	415	0	0	0
Bangladesh	470	230	245	25	10	15
China^{Census data footnote 59}	38,105	16,965	21,140	1,390	690	700
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	1,800	770	1,030	10	10	0
India	27,460	13,780	13,680	265	140	125
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	8,645	4,315	4,330	255	130	125
Iraq	1,910	940	965	45	20	25
Israel	365	205	160	200	90	110
Japan	2,285	570	1,715	15	0	15
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	8,025	3,430	4,595	600	290	310
Lebanon	265	155	110	130	75	55
Nepal	310	115	195	45	15	35
Pakistan	1,965	990	975	70	40	30
Philippines	26,680	11,615	15,065	925	345	580
Saudi Arabia	400	180	215	45	40	10
Sri Lanka	535	265	265	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	2,185	1,095	1,085	1,145	550	595
Taiwan	2,505	970	1,530	10	0	0
Turkey	395	220	170	45	40	10
United Arab Emirates	385	195	195	30	20	10
Viet Nam	1,780	685	1,090	500	250	255
Other places of birth in Asia	4,545	1,980	2,560	265	100	160
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	3,185	1,845	1,340	40	25	15
Australia	1,920	1,130	790	20	10	10
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	1,265	715	550	20	10	10
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	4,560,240	2,237,490	2,322,750	730,710	357,855	372,850
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	1,426,450	670,440	756,010	41,395	20,445	20,955
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	1,043,860	523,340	520,520	43,370	21,150	22,220
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	2,089,925	1,043,705	1,046,225	645,945	316,270	329,675
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	955,955	442,040	513,915	22,665	11,085	11,575
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	537,875	258,560	279,315	13,205	6,735	6,470
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	209,685	123,645	86,040	5,115	3,595	1,520
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	328,185	134,915	193,275	8,090	3,140	4,950
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	323,440	133,775	189,670	6,100	2,625	3,475
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	82,360	44,250	38,110	3,240	1,675	1,570
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	12,285	5,455	6,825	110	55	60
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	4,560,240	2,237,490	2,322,750	730,710	357,860	372,855
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	270,585	130,265	140,320	29,385	14,690	14,695
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	263,540	127,115	136,425	28,160	14,120	14,040
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	172,520	83,645	88,880	17,575	8,555	9,015
Métis	89,405	42,715	46,690	10,200	5,370	4,835
Inuk (Inuit)	1,610	760	855	385	190	190
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	4,350	2,090	2,260	470	210	260
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	2,695	1,060	1,635	750	360	390
Non-Aboriginal identity	4,289,655	2,107,225	2,182,430	701,325	343,170	358,155
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	4,560,240	2,237,485	2,322,750	730,705	357,855	372,850
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	135,835	65,560	70,280	14,305	7,085	7,225
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	4,424,400	2,171,930	2,252,470	716,405	350,775	365,625
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	4,560,240	2,237,490	2,322,750	730,710	357,860	372,850
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	91,710	45,690	46,020	12,785	6,335	6,450
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	90,390	45,100	45,295	12,495	6,175	6,320
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	79,875	39,685	40,190	10,635	5,200	5,435
Métis single ancestry	10,080	5,215	4,865	1,695	900	800
Inuit single ancestry	430	200	235	165	75	85
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	1,325	595	725	290	165	130
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	1,175	535	635	235	125	110
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	100	50	50	25	15	15
Métis and Inuit ancestries	45	10	45	20	20	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	10	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	211,100	100,835	110,260	33,795	16,295	17,500
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	201,895	96,650	105,245	32,505	15,690	16,815
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	130,020	62,170	67,850	24,255	11,640	12,615
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	70,180	33,595	36,585	7,765	3,810	3,955
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	1,700	890	815	480	240	245
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	9,200	4,185	5,015	1,295	600	690
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	8,865	4,050	4,810	1,165	540	630
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	165	75	90	60	30	30
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	125	35	90	40	20	25
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	45	20	20	25	15	10
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	4,257,430	2,090,960	2,166,465	684,125	335,230	348,895
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	4,560,240	2,237,490	2,322,750	730,710	357,855	372,850
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	1,381,235	658,260	722,975	24,535	12,470	12,070
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	365,705	183,650	182,055	2,535	1,385	1,150
Chinese	508,480	237,805	270,670	3,925	1,970	1,955
Black	43,500	22,455	21,045	7,000	3,540	3,460
Filipino	145,025	62,505	82,520	1,980	835	1,145
Latin American	44,115	20,600	23,515	1,285	650	635
Arab	19,840	10,865	8,980	2,960	1,650	1,310
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	54,920	25,975	28,950	1,230	600	630
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	48,695	24,880	23,810	730	415	320
Korean	60,495	27,915	32,580	1,685	885	800
Japanese	41,230	17,435	23,800	230	70	160
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	8,760	4,280	4,485	305	135	175
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	40,465	19,900	20,565	675	345	330
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	3,179,005	1,579,230	1,599,775	706,170	345,385	360,785
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	4,560,240	2,237,490	2,322,750	730,705	357,860	372,850
North American Aboriginal origins	302,810	146,530	156,280	46,585	22,625	23,955
First Nations (North American Indian)	220,245	106,595	113,650	36,405	17,570	18,840
Inuit	2,615	1,280	1,340	830	420	410
Métis	90,515	43,460	47,050	10,960	5,435	5,530
Other North American origins	922,690	460,355	462,335	428,865	209,615	219,250
Acadian	3,940	1,960	1,980	29,505	14,455	15,060
American	78,170	37,765	40,405	7,175	3,575	3,605
Canadian	866,530	432,975	433,560	407,370	199,020	208,350
New Brunswicker	60	45	15	240	135	105
Newfoundlander	1,875	995	880	445	190	250
Nova Scotian	185	95	85	65	40	25
Ontarian	130	55	75	0	0	10
Québécois	1,830	945	880	770	410	365
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	405	175	230	20	20	0
European origins	2,857,080	1,408,510	1,448,575	424,850	206,715	218,135
British Isles origins	1,926,040	945,580	980,460	314,655	151,970	162,690
Channel Islander	455	230	220	125	45	85
Cornish	610	340	265	45	25	20
English	1,203,540	585,700	617,845	168,205	80,795	87,415
Irish	675,135	318,455	356,675	147,245	69,515	77,730
Manx	1,810	835	975	45	40	10
Scottish	860,775	417,080	443,700	134,455	64,400	70,055
Welsh	113,905	54,260	59,645	10,110	4,825	5,290
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	122,700	59,225	63,475	10,640	4,885	5,755
French origins	388,815	184,705	204,110	163,270	79,105	84,165
Alsatian	210	95	115	15	10	0
Breton	110	45	65	55	30	30
Corsican	105	40	65	0	0	0
French	388,580	184,595	203,980	163,245	79,090	84,155
Western European origins (except French origins)	839,860	411,165	428,695	49,825	24,100	25,725
Austrian	48,510	23,030	25,485	1,000	530	475
Bavarian	225	105	120	0	0	0
Belgian	19,980	9,615	10,360	1,470	650	815
Dutch	213,670	105,040	108,630	15,230	7,290	7,945
Flemish	2,215	1,145	1,075	100	65	40
Frisian	850	425	425	40	25	15
German	603,265	294,860	308,410	34,205	16,575	17,630
Luxembourger	695	340	355	0	10	0
Swiss	31,390	15,510	15,880	1,145	545	595
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	905	425	485	35	20	15
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	346,525	166,100	180,425	10,400	5,080	5,320
Danish	58,205	27,985	30,220	3,960	1,885	2,075
Finnish	34,150	16,285	17,870	465	235	225
Icelandic	26,410	12,860	13,545	250	135	115
Norwegian	138,430	66,870	71,565	3,330	1,650	1,680
Swedish	110,030	51,000	59,030	2,010	1,010	1,005
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	15,080	7,610	7,470	820	410	410
Eastern European origins	569,260	275,900	293,360	11,590	5,600	5,995
Bulgarian	4,015	1,875	2,140	155	60	100
Byelorussian	2,760	1,400	1,365	85	45	40
Czech	23,375	11,500	11,875	435	215	225
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	7,970	3,795	4,175	175	80	100
Estonian	4,840	2,250	2,590	100	35	60
Hungarian	56,535	27,450	29,090	1,280	615	665
Latvian	4,935	2,565	2,370	185	105	80
Lithuanian	7,225	3,465	3,755	325	165	160
Moldovan	1,085	510	580	35	20	15
Polish	149,635	71,605	78,030	3,445	1,670	1,780
Romanian	31,250	15,125	16,125	945	485	460
Russian	131,060	62,880	68,180	2,260	1,015	1,245
Slovak	11,220	5,440	5,780	250	130	125
Ukrainian	229,205	111,285	117,915	3,535	1,750	1,785
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	3,555	1,645	1,915	70	25	45
Southern European origins	334,740	164,780	169,960	13,450	6,560	6,890
Albanian	1,925	975	950	120	65	55
Bosnian	3,290	1,635	1,655	120	65	55
Catalan	120	85	30	10	10	0
Croatian	23,845	12,180	11,660	310	120	190
Cypriot	440	230	205	30	20	10
Greek	24,460	12,410	12,050	950	485	465
Italian	166,095	83,095	83,000	7,460	3,615	3,845
Kosovar	280	135	145	0	0	0
Macedonian	1,205	620	580	80	35	45
Maltese	2,645	1,350	1,295	115	45	65
Montenegrin	710	360	350	20	20	0
Portuguese	41,770	20,620	21,145	1,785	840	945
Serbian	12,895	6,625	6,270	130	90	35
Sicilian	545	295	255	15	10	0
Slovenian	5,555	2,725	2,825	130	60	60
Spanish	64,470	29,245	35,225	2,555	1,220	1,330
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	7,080	3,360	3,725	120	55	65
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	395	200	195	20	10	10
Other European origins	34,700	17,800	16,900	1,805	960	840
Basque	840	470	375	90	50	40
Jewish	17,580	8,950	8,635	785	410	375
Roma (Gypsy)	805	320	485	30	20	15
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	965	520	450	30	10	15
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	14,715	7,635	7,080	875	480	395
Caribbean origins	25,010	12,350	12,660	2,275	1,045	1,230
Antiguan	220	115	105	0	0	0
Bahamian	255	140	110	35	15	15
Barbadian	1,870	945	930	100	60	40
Bermudan	335	155	175	130	40	90
Carib	70	50	25	10	0	0
Cuban	1,320	615	700	235	135	100
Dominican	735	330	410	80	35	40
Grenadian	380	195	185	20	0	15
Guadeloupean	15	0	15	35	20	15
Haitian	1,140	530	615	305	140	160
Jamaican	10,545	5,425	5,120	750	350	395
Kittitian/Nevisian	130	70	55	10	10	0
Martinican	25	0	20	0	0	0
Montserratan	25	15	10	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	570	260	310	85	40	40
St. Lucian	190	85	110	15	10	10
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	4,170	2,085	2,085	150	70	75
Vincentian/Grenadinian	415	180	230	45	10	35
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	2,120	930	1,190	245	110	135
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	1,920	945	975	185	65	120
Latin, Central and South American origins	69,920	33,580	36,335	2,135	1,110	1,025
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	2,625	1,350	1,275	65	40	25
Arawak	90	45	45	0	0	0
Argentinian	2,025	910	1,120	30	10	20
Belizean	125	60	65	0	0	10
Bolivian	375	145	230	55	35	20
Brazilian	5,455	2,465	2,990	60	15	45
Chilean	5,700	2,740	2,955	95	40	55
Colombian	5,860	2,805	3,055	265	105	160
Costa Rican	810	385	425	30	15	15
Ecuadorian	1,040	490	550	30	20	10
Guatemalan	2,575	1,310	1,265	125	40	85
Guyanese	1,925	995	935	115	50	70
Hispanic	1,535	720	810	75	35	35
Honduran	1,445	750	695	50	20	25
Maya	930	475	455	90	45	45
Mexican	23,055	11,025	12,035	700	395	300
Nicaraguan	1,520	735	785	20	20	0
Panamanian	325	140	185	15	15	0
Paraguayan	895	475	420	0	0	0
Peruvian	3,905	1,775	2,135	90	45	45
Salvadorean	6,815	3,390	3,425	135	95	40
Uruguayan	410	205	205	10	0	0
Venezuelan	1,900	915	980	60	35	30
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	3,310	1,605	1,705	110	65	50
African origins	59,985	30,635	29,345	6,705	3,535	3,170
Central and West African origins	7,075	3,810	3,265	1,835	1,045	790
Akan	40	30	10	20	10	10
Angolan	90	55	35	25	10	10
Ashanti	85	30	50	0	0	0
Beninese	35	20	15	0	10	0
Burkinabe	45	30	15	75	50	30
Cameroonian	150	85	70	150	110	40
Chadian	70	50	25	0	0	0
Congolese	810	405	400	415	250	165
Edo	85	55	30	10	0	0
Ewe	55	25	30	0	0	0
Gabonese	10	0	10	15	10	0
Gambian	25	10	15	0	0	0
Ghanaian	1,600	865	730	90	55	35
Guinean	130	45	80	175	125	50
Ibo	280	160	115	80	55	25
Ivorian	100	55	50	60	30	30
Liberian	250	95	150	80	45	35
Malian	80	55	25	125	55	65
Malinké	10	0	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	2,615	1,430	1,185	230	115	115
Peulh	20	0	15	40	25	20
Senegalese	95	75	25	105	45	60
Sierra Leonean	130	60	65	20	0	20
Togolese	100	70	40	40	20	25
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	255	135	125	50	25	25
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	620	305	315	225	135	90
North African origins	9,840	5,210	4,630	1,200	705	495
Algerian	770	465	305	190	90	90
Berber	210	130	80	180	105	70
Coptic	150	90	65	0	0	0
Dinka	45	25	15	0	0	0
Egyptian	4,520	2,340	2,180	210	130	80
Libyan	420	275	140	185	85	100
Maure	150	60	90	0	0	0
Moroccan	2,005	1,105	895	365	255	115
Sudanese	1,225	535	695	15	10	10
Tunisian	500	290	215	140	80	60
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	215	115	105	15	10	10
Southern and East African origins	24,800	12,345	12,450	1,050	565	485
Afrikaner	705	355	355	0	0	0
Amhara	115	60	50	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	255	140	120	30	25	0
Burundian	215	95	120	105	55	50
Djiboutian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	1,055	550	505	115	80	40
Ethiopian	2,550	1,280	1,270	180	105	70
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	1,615	775	845	10	0	0
Malagasy	105	65	40	60	20	35
Mauritian	975	520	450	0	10	0
Oromo	140	75	65	30	10	20
Rwandan	420	225	195	105	50	55
Seychellois	25	15	15	10	0	10
Somali	2,295	1,115	1,180	30	25	0
South African	11,060	5,510	5,550	225	95	130
Tanzanian	490	220	275	0	0	0
Tigrian	205	110	95	0	0	0
Ugandan	775	390	380	25	15	15
Zambian	210	95	110	25	10	15
Zimbabwean	855	445	405	60	30	30
Zulu	75	25	45	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	1,840	910	930	80	40	40
Other African origins	19,215	9,745	9,465	2,850	1,360	1,485
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	2,660	1,315	1,340	385	140	245
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	16,740	8,515	8,225	2,475	1,225	1,245
Asian origins	1,312,445	624,270	688,175	19,410	9,775	9,635
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	99,560	51,315	48,245	6,835	3,590	3,240
Afghan	7,895	4,005	3,885	25	10	20
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	5,660	3,125	2,540	590	300	295
Armenian	3,715	1,905	1,815	115	60	50
Assyrian	545	295	250	15	10	0
Azerbaijani	990	570	425	10	0	10
Georgian	740	380	355	10	10	10
Hazara	55	30	20	0	0	0
Iranian	47,985	24,290	23,695	665	365	305
Iraqi	5,575	2,860	2,715	105	50	55
Israeli	2,655	1,370	1,285	175	85	90
Jordanian	785	425	355	180	105	75
Kazakh	385	205	175	0	10	0
Kurd	2,120	1,165	950	80	45	30
Kuwaiti	125	85	40	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	175	90	85	0	0	0
Lebanese	7,980	4,175	3,805	2,825	1,435	1,395
Palestinian	2,625	1,410	1,210	75	40	30
Pashtun	360	200	160	20	10	10
Saudi Arabian	975	615	360	85	65	20
Syrian	3,955	1,905	2,055	1,685	865	825
Tajik	260	135	125	0	0	0
Tatar	790	365	425	25	10	15
Turk	6,355	3,485	2,865	235	150	85
Turkmen	120	70	55	10	15	0
Uighur	130	65	60	0	0	0
Uzbek	270	150	120	40	25	10
Yemeni	300	185	115	35	20	15
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	2,635	1,340	1,295	50	35	15
South Asian origins	363,885	182,650	181,235	2,975	1,590	1,385
Bangladeshi	1,840	925	920	150	95	55
Bengali	850	405	445	50	40	10
Bhutanese	120	65	55	35	20	15
East Indian	309,315	154,795	154,520	2,150	1,105	1,045
Goan	485	245	240	0	0	0
Gujarati	700	335	365	0	0	0
Kashmiri	185	100	85	10	0	0
Nepali	1,495	690	805	160	75	90
Pakistani	12,585	6,565	6,015	255	160	100
Punjabi	38,725	19,700	19,025	45	35	15
Sinhalese	620	325	300	15	0	10
Sri Lankan	5,710	2,970	2,740	100	45	55
Tamil	1,235	670	560	25	15	10
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	8,245	4,070	4,170	85	50	35
East and Southeast Asian origins	855,345	393,475	461,875	9,640	4,610	5,030
Burmese	2,310	1,135	1,175	25	15	10
Cambodian (Khmer)	3,235	1,580	1,655	60	30	30
Chinese	540,155	253,065	287,090	4,480	2,230	2,250
Filipino	158,215	68,710	89,505	2,130	870	1,265
Hmong	130	70	60	0	0	0
Indonesian	6,625	3,115	3,510	100	30	65
Japanese	51,150	22,200	28,945	305	115	185
Karen	895	450	445	65	30	35
Korean	63,300	29,330	33,975	1,675	875	795
Laotian	2,530	1,275	1,255	0	10	0
Malaysian	5,060	2,260	2,800	30	15	15
Mongolian	1,495	740	760	45	30	15
Singaporean	1,055	490	560	10	10	0
Taiwanese	21,455	9,810	11,650	60	30	30
Thai	5,065	1,870	3,195	100	30	70
Tibetan	550	290	260	0	0	0
Vietnamese	41,435	20,205	21,230	885	450	435
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	785	310	470	10	0	10
Other Asian origins	2,500	1,250	1,250	110	70	45
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	2,500	1,250	1,255	115	65	45
Oceania origins	41,125	20,605	20,520	470	210	260
Australian	16,240	8,385	7,855	290	120	165
New Zealander	6,565	3,405	3,155	135	70	70
Pacific Islands origins	19,135	9,240	9,890	55	30	20
Fijian	14,145	6,895	7,250	0	0	0
Hawaiian	2,200	970	1,235	30	10	15
Maori	1,120	595	530	10	10	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	600	275	325	10	0	10
Samoan	485	255	230	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	905	440	465	10	10	0
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	1,881,970	...	...	319,770	...	...
Owner	1,279,020	...	...	238,040	...	...
Renter	599,360	...	...	79,865	...	...
Band housing	3,590	...	...	1,865	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	1,881,970	...	...	319,770	...	...
Condominium	416,770	...	...	10,580	...	...
Not condominium	1,465,200	...	...	309,195	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	1,881,970	...	...	319,775	...	...
No bedrooms	22,705	...	...	680	...	...
1 bedroom	311,035	...	...	28,370	...	...
2 bedrooms	514,015	...	...	88,115	...	...
3 bedrooms	513,135	...	...	125,865	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	521,075	...	...	76,745	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	1,881,970	...	...	319,770	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	642,910	...	...	66,540	...	...
5 rooms	274,780	...	...	56,365	...	...
6 rooms	235,845	...	...	54,070	...	...
7 rooms	199,715	...	...	45,825	...	...
8 or more rooms	528,720	...	...	96,970	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.0	...	...	6.5	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	1,881,970	...	...	319,770	...	...
One person or fewer per room	1,839,850	...	...	318,195	...	...
More than 1 person per room	42,120	...	...	1,575	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	1,881,965	...	...	319,770	...	...
Suitable	1,781,905	...	...	312,370	...	...
Not suitable	100,060	...	...	7,405	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	1,881,970	...	...	319,770	...	...
1960 or before	267,560	...	...	76,690	...	...
1961 to 1980	559,485	...	...	98,720	...	...
1981 to 1990	289,565	...	...	45,630	...	...
1991 to 2000	331,865	...	...	39,825	...	...
2001 to 2005	125,335	...	...	19,090	...	...
2006 to 2010	171,945	...	...	22,530	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	136,210	...	...	17,290	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	1,881,970	...	...	319,770	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	1,763,105	...	...	293,155	...	...
Major repairs needed	118,865	...	...	26,625	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	1,881,970	...	...	319,770	...	...
1 household maintainer	1,091,500	...	...	195,585	...	...
2 household maintainers	725,675	...	...	120,195	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	64,790	...	...	3,995	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	1,881,970	...	...	319,775	...	...
15 to 24 years	58,620	...	...	10,375	...	...
25 to 34 years	253,950	...	...	38,585	...	...
35 to 44 years	304,185	...	...	50,050	...	...
45 to 54 years	378,545	...	...	61,860	...	...
55 to 64 years	390,185	...	...	68,145	...	...
65 to 74 years	288,165	...	...	53,435	...	...
75 to 84 years	152,225	...	...	27,655	...	...
85 years and over	56,085	...	...	9,675	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	1,832,420	...	...	314,325	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	1,320,210	...	...	261,385	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	512,210	...	...	52,935	...	...
30% to less than 100%	420,705	...	...	47,190	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	1,242,600	...	...	235,950	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	58.6	...	...	55.9	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	20.7	...	...	10.3	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,149	...	...	741	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,387	...	...	876	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	500,874	...	...	150,010	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	720,689	...	...	170,071	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	592,825	...	...	79,370	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	12.5	...	...	14.4	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	43.3	...	...	36.5	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,036	...	...	704	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,149	...	...	741	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	3,870,375	1,882,770	1,987,605	620,395	301,650	318,745
No certificate, diploma or degree	601,640	305,320	296,315	136,745	71,600	65,140
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	1,138,565	549,580	588,985	176,750	85,345	91,405
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	2,130,175	1,027,870	1,102,310	306,895	144,700	162,200
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	338,980	250,270	88,720	56,595	39,965	16,630
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	142,935	83,055	59,880	29,630	17,320	12,315
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	196,045	167,210	28,840	26,965	22,645	4,320
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	700,945	280,300	420,645	135,065	56,055	79,005
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	138,010	54,420	83,585	11,610	3,995	7,620
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	952,240	442,880	509,360	103,630	44,685	58,945
Bachelor's degree	622,670	281,020	341,655	73,330	30,165	43,165
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	69,005	28,575	40,430	6,735	2,795	3,935
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	29,110	16,690	12,420	2,755	1,600	1,160
Master's degree	195,825	94,360	101,465	17,745	8,170	9,585
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	35,625	22,240	13,390	3,065	1,955	1,110
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	2,532,975	1,227,040	1,305,940	400,785	194,715	206,070
No certificate, diploma or degree	244,000	134,410	109,585	55,645	32,390	23,260
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	671,010	330,835	340,175	114,330	56,430	57,895
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	1,617,965	761,790	856,175	230,810	105,890	124,915
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	231,445	172,290	59,155	37,710	26,335	11,375
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	97,350	56,920	40,435	19,900	11,430	8,475
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	134,095	115,370	18,725	17,805	14,905	2,900
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	528,805	210,880	317,925	104,595	43,695	60,900
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	99,695	39,205	60,490	7,685	2,660	5,020
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	758,015	339,415	418,605	80,825	33,195	47,625
Bachelor's degree	497,845	219,005	278,840	57,560	23,115	34,450
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	52,955	20,995	31,965	5,160	1,920	3,240
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	22,440	11,665	10,775	2,190	1,110	1,080
Master's degree	159,740	73,335	86,405	13,730	5,770	7,960
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	25,030	14,420	10,615	2,190	1,285	905
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	3,870,380	1,882,770	1,987,610	620,395	301,645	318,745
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	1,740,205	854,900	885,300	313,495	156,945	156,545
Education	144,100	34,915	109,185	25,570	6,725	18,845
13. Education	144,100	34,910	109,185	25,565	6,720	18,845
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	98,735	44,465	54,275	6,140	2,800	3,335
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	16,970	12,880	4,090	1,155	905	250
50. Visual and performing arts	81,765	31,580	50,185	4,990	1,900	3,085
Humanities	124,600	49,025	75,575	12,430	5,245	7,190
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	15,235	3,675	11,555	1,040	255	785
23. English language and literature/letters	34,710	10,845	23,865	2,395	715	1,675
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	35,720	13,670	22,050	3,055	1,065	1,990
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	585	210	375	55	20	35
38. Philosophy and religious studies	6,710	4,050	2,660	725	455	270
39. Theology and religious vocations	12,275	7,400	4,880	2,150	1,325	825
54. History	15,780	8,475	7,300	2,190	1,185	1,005
55. French language and literature/letters	3,580	705	2,880	830	220	605
Social and behavioural sciences and law	245,990	87,960	158,025	23,780	6,945	16,835
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	4,120	1,060	3,060	190	35	155
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	23,180	8,505	14,680	1,725	710	1,015
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	38,070	3,285	34,785	6,015	305	5,710
22. Legal professions and studies	38,505	13,545	24,955	3,935	1,325	2,615
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	4,325	1,345	2,985	420	95	325
42. Psychology	43,230	12,480	30,750	5,075	1,355	3,725
45. Social sciences	94,560	47,755	46,810	6,420	3,120	3,300
Business, management and public administration	426,460	166,470	259,990	67,605	19,470	48,135
30.16 Accounting and computer science	775	215	560	230	35	190
44. Public administration and social service professions	26,520	5,960	20,565	5,670	1,010	4,660
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	399,160	160,295	238,865	61,705	18,425	43,285
Physical and life sciences and technologies	86,425	46,070	40,355	7,625	3,930	3,700
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	36,760	16,800	19,960	3,320	1,525	1,800
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	19,025	9,400	9,620	1,845	825	1,025
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	835	225	610	130	30	100
40. Physical sciences	26,370	18,395	7,975	1,720	1,265	455
41. Science technologies/technicians	3,440	1,255	2,185	610	285	325
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	80,070	51,490	28,575	11,275	7,185	4,095
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	62,795	43,900	18,890	9,975	6,640	3,335
25. Library science	5,560	755	4,805	620	95	525
27. Mathematics and statistics	10,875	6,295	4,580	620	395	225
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	835	540	300	55	45	10
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	427,670	388,335	39,340	70,800	67,070	3,735
04. Architecture and related services	15,490	9,985	5,505	500	365	140
14. Engineering	98,455	81,055	17,395	8,020	7,015	1,010
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	68,500	60,490	8,010	13,010	11,575	1,430
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	90	25	65	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	100,765	97,615	3,150	18,910	18,555	350
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	97,720	94,520	3,200	20,075	19,570	505
48. Precision production	46,660	44,650	2,015	10,290	9,985	300
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	50,210	31,680	18,525	6,370	4,715	1,650
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	24,950	13,670	11,275	2,970	1,840	1,130
03. Natural resources and conservation	25,260	18,010	7,250	3,395	2,875	520
Health and related fields	322,715	65,735	256,975	49,795	7,490	42,305
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	23,740	11,920	11,820	2,770	1,325	1,445
51. Health professions and related programs	290,645	48,985	241,655	46,160	5,600	40,550
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	8,330	4,835	3,495	870	565	305
Personal, protective and transportation services	122,855	61,605	61,250	25,460	13,110	12,355
12. Personal and culinary services	79,740	24,860	54,885	13,835	2,735	11,095
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	320	290	30	105	95	10
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	1,235	1,120	115	390	355	40
43. Security and protective services	13,935	10,390	3,545	4,665	3,795	875
49. Transportation and materials moving	27,620	24,945	2,680	6,465	6,135	325
Other	355	115	240	50	25	25
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	350	115	240	45	25	20
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	2,532,980	1,227,040	1,305,935	400,780	194,710	206,070
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	915,015	465,250	449,765	169,970	88,820	81,150
Education	96,005	21,035	74,970	16,350	3,830	12,520
13. Education	96,010	21,035	74,975	16,350	3,835	12,515
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	77,655	34,430	43,225	4,690	2,140	2,550
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	12,710	9,580	3,130	830	630	200
50. Visual and performing arts	64,940	24,845	40,090	3,860	1,510	2,350
Humanities	93,605	35,490	58,115	8,810	3,450	5,360
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	11,710	2,510	9,195	820	195	625
23. English language and literature/letters	25,665	7,810	17,850	1,725	490	1,235
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	28,260	10,505	17,750	2,125	650	1,475
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	425	170	255	35	10	30
38. Philosophy and religious studies	4,970	2,960	2,010	500	295	215
39. Theology and religious vocations	8,330	4,945	3,385	1,460	860	595
54. History	11,805	6,140	5,665	1,630	855	775
55. French language and literature/letters	2,445	455	2,000	520	100	420
Social and behavioural sciences and law	196,450	67,000	129,450	18,970	5,210	13,760
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	3,460	845	2,615	135	20	115
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	19,685	6,940	12,750	1,500	630	870
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	29,855	2,505	27,350	4,685	235	4,450
22. Legal professions and studies	31,190	9,665	21,525	3,280	940	2,340
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	3,540	1,110	2,425	335	70	260
42. Psychology	33,055	8,845	24,210	4,015	980	3,035
45. Social sciences	75,665	37,095	38,575	5,015	2,330	2,680
Business, management and public administration	335,220	128,975	206,245	52,915	15,055	37,860
30.16 Accounting and computer science	540	170	365	215	40	175
44. Public administration and social service professions	20,695	4,240	16,455	4,505	735	3,770
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	313,985	124,565	189,425	48,190	14,280	33,915
Physical and life sciences and technologies	63,705	32,325	31,385	5,620	2,710	2,905
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	28,505	12,595	15,915	2,580	1,135	1,445
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	13,825	6,570	7,260	1,275	540	730
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	645	160	485	110	20	95
40. Physical sciences	18,525	12,250	6,270	1,185	820	370
41. Science technologies/technicians	2,210	750	1,460	465	195	270
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	68,660	44,820	23,840	9,710	6,285	3,425
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	56,390	39,660	16,725	8,815	5,910	2,905
25. Library science	3,830	545	3,290	415	70	345
27. Mathematics and statistics	7,760	4,185	3,570	430	265	170
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	680	430	250	55	50	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	310,855	277,375	33,475	51,150	47,940	3,210
04. Architecture and related services	12,110	7,240	4,875	395	270	120
14. Engineering	76,935	61,380	15,560	6,230	5,295	935
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	48,690	42,285	6,405	10,405	9,135	1,270
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	65	20	45	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	72,800	70,225	2,570	13,110	12,825	290
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	69,025	66,545	2,480	14,025	13,635	395
48. Precision production	31,225	29,690	1,535	6,980	6,770	210
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	39,360	23,810	15,555	5,010	3,575	1,430
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	18,965	9,875	9,090	2,355	1,395	960
03. Natural resources and conservation	20,395	13,930	6,470	2,655	2,185	470
Health and related fields	244,975	50,520	194,460	38,135	5,850	32,285
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	18,900	9,380	9,520	2,145	1,060	1,085
51. Health professions and related programs	219,800	37,800	182,000	35,295	4,385	30,905
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	6,285	3,340	2,940	695	405	285
Personal, protective and transportation services	91,185	45,925	45,265	19,415	9,810	9,600
12. Personal and culinary services	58,820	18,880	39,945	10,520	1,945	8,575
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	195	165	30	95	85	10
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	570	505	65	220	190	35
43. Security and protective services	11,175	8,110	3,060	3,460	2,760	705
49. Transportation and materials moving	20,430	18,265	2,165	5,115	4,835	285
Other	275	85	185	45	25	20
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	270	85	185	40	25	15
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	3,870,380	1,882,770	1,987,610	620,390	301,650	318,745
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	1,740,205	854,900	885,300	313,495	156,945	156,545
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	2,130,175	1,027,870	1,102,305	306,900	144,700	162,200
Location of study inside Canada	1,625,550	785,340	840,205	290,645	136,490	154,155
Same as province or territory of residence	1,243,905	593,275	650,635	229,835	106,610	123,230
Different than province or territory of residence	381,645	192,070	189,575	60,810	29,880	30,925
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	504,630	242,530	262,100	16,255	8,205	8,050
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	74,030	40,425	33,610	5,360	2,675	2,685
Philippines	56,845	20,455	36,395	920	285	635
India	44,115	22,045	22,065	460	230	230
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	58,825	31,920	26,910	1,995	1,175	815
China^{Census data footnote 162}	61,840	27,630	34,210	1,105	550	555
France	4,385	2,360	2,025	660	370	290
Other	204,580	97,700	106,885	5,755	2,920	2,835
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	2,532,975	1,227,040	1,305,935	400,785	194,715	206,070
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	915,015	465,250	449,765	169,970	88,815	81,155
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	1,617,960	761,790	856,170	230,815	105,895	124,920
Location of study inside Canada	1,239,640	589,155	650,490	218,710	100,175	118,535
Same as province or territory of residence	970,485	454,780	515,700	172,760	78,520	94,240
Different than province or territory of residence	269,155	134,375	134,785	45,950	21,660	24,295
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	378,325	172,640	205,685	12,105	5,715	6,380
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	50,095	26,175	23,920	3,460	1,555	1,905
Philippines	48,935	17,385	31,555	875	260	615
India	36,800	17,455	19,345	345	160	180
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	32,890	17,360	15,530	1,070	575	490
China^{Census data footnote 162}	53,570	23,445	30,125	1,025	475	550
France	3,505	1,885	1,615	525	300	225
Other	152,530	68,935	83,595	4,800	2,390	2,415
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	3,870,375	1,882,770	1,987,610	620,390	301,650	318,745
In the labour force	2,471,665	1,285,835	1,185,830	381,790	197,005	184,790
Employed	2,305,690	1,194,455	1,111,240	339,045	170,050	168,995
Unemployed	165,975	91,385	74,590	42,745	26,950	15,795
Not in the labour force	1,398,710	596,935	801,775	238,600	104,645	133,955
Participation rate	63.9	68.3	59.7	61.5	65.3	58.0
Employment rate	59.6	63.4	55.9	54.7	56.4	53.0
Unemployment rate	6.7	7.1	6.3	11.2	13.7	8.5
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	3,870,375	1,882,770	1,987,605	620,390	301,645	318,745
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	1,290,235	547,350	742,885	217,930	94,105	123,825
Worked	2,580,140	1,335,420	1,244,720	402,465	207,540	194,920
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	1,183,405	675,950	507,460	201,230	106,785	94,450
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	1,396,735	659,470	737,260	201,225	100,760	100,475
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.8	42.4	41.1	41.0	40.6	41.5
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	2,471,670	1,285,840	1,185,835	381,795	197,000	184,790
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	43,805	21,245	22,555	7,320	3,790	3,530
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	2,427,860	1,264,585	1,163,275	374,470	193,210	181,260
Employee	2,084,470	1,054,630	1,029,840	342,685	173,560	169,125
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	343,395	209,955	133,430	31,785	19,655	12,130
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	2,471,665	1,285,835	1,185,830	381,790	197,005	184,790
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	43,805	21,245	22,560	7,320	3,790	3,530
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	2,427,860	1,264,585	1,163,270	374,470	193,215	181,255
0 Management occupations	275,000	168,820	106,180	34,015	20,605	13,415
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	368,940	106,205	262,740	52,695	14,200	38,495
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	161,520	127,060	34,460	20,705	16,300	4,405
3 Health occupations	162,865	35,775	127,095	30,730	4,870	25,865
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	269,255	87,765	181,485	45,640	15,355	30,285
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	93,100	44,855	48,245	6,610	2,925	3,685
6 Sales and service occupations	595,225	251,490	343,735	91,035	36,535	54,505
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	360,970	339,660	21,315	59,925	57,015	2,910
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	64,235	47,530	16,700	14,485	12,280	2,205
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	76,745	55,430	21,315	18,620	13,130	5,495
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	2,471,665	1,285,835	1,185,830	381,795	197,000	184,790
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	43,805	21,250	22,555	7,320	3,790	3,530
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	2,427,865	1,264,590	1,163,270	374,470	193,210	181,260
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	65,205	42,840	22,360	15,135	12,025	3,115
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	25,920	21,810	4,115	4,345	3,765	580
22 Utilities	12,445	8,915	3,535	3,350	2,615	735
23 Construction	199,985	175,195	24,790	27,795	25,195	2,595
31-33 Manufacturing	157,560	113,945	43,615	32,405	23,215	9,195
41 Wholesale trade	82,105	55,530	26,580	11,170	8,180	2,990
44-45 Retail trade	283,135	129,985	153,150	46,180	21,220	24,950
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	128,400	98,580	29,815	17,680	13,295	4,390
51 Information and cultural industries	67,225	41,065	26,155	6,615	3,700	2,915
52 Finance and insurance	93,805	38,430	55,380	12,415	4,090	8,325
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	54,995	29,515	25,475	3,830	2,245	1,585
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	196,670	107,680	88,990	17,240	9,485	7,750
55 Management of companies and enterprises	4,320	1,975	2,345	345	145	195
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	109,095	62,325	46,775	18,530	10,060	8,475
61 Educational services	173,820	56,455	117,365	26,090	8,180	17,905
62 Health care and social assistance	270,855	52,320	218,530	51,380	7,955	43,430
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	57,940	29,050	28,895	5,950	3,065	2,885
72 Accommodation and food services	207,045	86,555	120,490	24,825	8,460	16,365
81 Other services (except public administration)	112,335	47,960	64,375	17,105	8,365	8,745
91 Public administration	125,000	64,450	60,545	32,090	17,960	14,135
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	2,305,690	1,194,455	1,111,240	339,045	170,050	168,995
Worked at home	196,510	95,515	100,990	19,445	9,485	9,955
Worked outside Canada	16,040	11,285	4,760	1,315	885	430
No fixed workplace address	326,180	243,130	83,050	37,925	28,630	9,300
Worked at usual place	1,766,965	844,520	922,440	280,360	131,055	149,310
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	1,766,965	844,520	922,440	280,360	131,055	149,310
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	864,410	382,105	482,305	127,230	57,560	69,670
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	807,840	405,435	402,400	97,230	44,565	52,665
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	81,750	47,820	33,930	50,560	25,155	25,410
Commute to a different province or territory	12,965	9,160	3,805	5,345	3,775	1,565
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	2,093,145	1,087,655	1,005,490	318,285	159,680	158,605
Car, truck, van - as a driver	1,475,585	803,485	672,095	266,035	135,575	130,460
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	114,580	49,075	65,500	24,455	9,855	14,600
Public transit	274,205	117,830	156,375	7,290	3,600	3,690
Walked	142,310	62,395	79,920	14,650	6,900	7,755
Bicycle	51,350	32,665	18,680	1,210	800	405
Other method	35,115	22,195	12,915	4,645	2,950	1,695
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	2,093,140	1,087,650	1,005,490	318,290	159,680	158,605
Less than 15 minutes	601,950	276,005	325,950	135,690	63,885	71,810
15 to 29 minutes	689,520	353,590	335,925	118,075	58,505	59,570
30 to 44 minutes	425,680	237,995	187,685	39,230	21,385	17,845
45 to 59 minutes	184,690	104,220	80,465	12,945	7,275	5,670
60 minutes and over	191,305	115,840	75,470	12,345	8,635	3,710
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	2,093,140	1,087,650	1,005,490	318,285	159,680	158,605
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	142,370	101,315	41,050	17,850	12,755	5,100
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	342,500	214,795	127,700	51,825	30,905	20,925
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	526,485	271,110	255,375	112,460	55,470	56,990
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	470,210	202,910	267,295	64,235	25,835	38,400
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	292,185	125,470	166,715	25,595	9,415	16,180
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	319,400	172,045	147,355	46,320	25,300	21,020
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	2,670,700	1,378,580	1,292,120	413,695	212,875	200,820
Single responses	2,622,495	1,354,780	1,267,710	395,120	204,270	190,850
Official languages	2,537,990	1,309,980	1,228,015	394,015	203,660	190,355
English	2,531,850	1,308,325	1,223,530	304,775	160,255	144,515
French	6,140	1,660	4,485	89,240	43,400	45,840
Non-official languages	84,500	44,805	39,705	1,105	615	490
Aboriginal languages	260	75	180	255	140	115
Algonquian languages	15	0	10	250	135	110
Blackfoot	0	0	10	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	10	0	10	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	255	135	110
Malecite	0	0	0	15	10	10
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	240	135	110
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	45	15	30	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	45	15	30	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	20	0	15	0	0	0
Chilcotin	20	10	10	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	10	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	10	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	110	30	85	0	0	0
Comox	10	0	10	0	0	0
Halkomelem	15	0	15	0	0	0
Lillooet	15	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	20	0	20	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	30	10	25	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	15	0	10	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	10	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	25	10	20	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	15	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	10	10	10	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	30	10	20	0	0	0
Haisla	10	0	10	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	10	10	10	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	10	10	10	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	15	10	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	84,245	44,730	39,520	855	475	380
Afro-Asiatic languages	440	295	145	160	105	50
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	10	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	10	0	10	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	435	295	135	160	105	55
Amharic	15	15	0	0	0	0
Arabic	320	235	85	140	100	45
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	25	20	10	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	75	30	50	25	10	10
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	2,505	1,165	1,345	40	20	20
Khmer (Cambodian)	45	30	20	0	0	0
Vietnamese	2,460	1,140	1,325	45	20	20
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	825	385	440	15	0	10
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	20	0	20	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	30	15	20	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	65	35	20	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	695	320	375	15	10	10
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	20	15	10	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	30	15	20	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	30	10	15	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	23,765	13,305	10,460	170	95	80
Albanian	15	15	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	10	10	10
Balto-Slavic languages	950	440	510	30	10	20
Baltic languages	10	10	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	935	435	500	30	10	20
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	15	0	10	0	0	0
Bulgarian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Croatian	30	10	25	0	0	0
Czech	40	20	10	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	10	0	0	0
Polish	115	50	70	0	0	0
Russian	565	255	315	25	10	15
Serbian	95	55	40	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	15	10	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	40	25	15	10	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	10	10	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	10	10	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	805	465	335	25	10	15
Afrikaans	15	10	0	0	0	0
Danish	15	15	0	0	0	0
Dutch	120	70	45	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	590	330	260	25	10	15
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	15	10	10	0	0	0
Swedish	25	20	10	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	10	10	10	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	55	25	30	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	19,805	11,280	8,535	40	30	10
Indo-Aryan languages	18,715	10,560	8,160	0	0	0
Bengali	15	15	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	35	15	25	0	0	0
Hindi	300	185	110	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	20	10	10	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	18,295	10,310	7,985	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	10	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	45	25	25	0	0	0
Iranian languages	1,085	720	365	35	25	10
Kurdish	25	25	0	15	15	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	1,060	700	360	25	15	10
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,140	1,085	1,060	65	35	25
Catalan	10	10	0	0	0	0
Italian	110	50	60	0	0	0
Portuguese	515	255	260	0	0	0
Romanian	70	45	25	0	0	0
Spanish	1,435	725	710	65	35	30
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	1,730	650	1,080	10	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Korean	5,585	3,005	2,585	60	35	25
Mongolic languages	10	10	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	10	15	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	10	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	10	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	280	90	190	30	20	10
American Sign Language	215	45	165	10	10	10
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	70	45	25	20	20	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	48,735	25,645	23,085	365	185	175
Chinese languages	48,645	25,595	23,055	360	185	175
Cantonese	23,555	12,020	11,535	35	15	25
Hakka	15	0	10	0	0	0
Mandarin	23,835	12,935	10,900	295	150	150
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	210	120	85	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	50	25	20	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	985	485	500	30	25	10
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	85	50	30	0	0	0
Burmese	25	15	15	0	0	0
Karenic languages	55	35	15	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	170	65	110	0	0	0
Lao	10	0	10	0	0	0
Thai	165	65	105	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	65	50	15	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	10	0	0	0	0
Turkish	55	40	15	0	10	0
Uyghur	0	10	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	45	20	25	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	25	10	15	0	0	0
Hungarian	25	10	15	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	35	20	20	0	0	0
Multiple responses	48,205	23,795	24,410	18,575	8,605	9,970
English and French	4,210	1,865	2,345	18,045	8,350	9,695
English and non-official language	43,480	21,760	21,720	475	240	235
French and non-official language	55	30	25	10	0	10
English, French and non-official language	465	145	320	45	15	35
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	2,670,700	1,378,580	1,292,120	413,690	212,875	200,820
None	2,498,070	1,293,650	1,204,420	322,045	167,900	154,150
English	36,505	18,270	18,235	44,925	21,560	23,360
French	22,465	10,170	12,300	44,415	22,175	22,240
Non-official language	110,375	54,925	55,455	2,090	1,115	975
Aboriginal	1,860	630	1,225	615	285	330
Non-Aboriginal	108,515	54,295	54,225	1,475	830	645
English and French	60	40	15	0	0	0
English and non-official language	1,155	545	610	55	20	35
French and non-official language	2,070	980	1,090	160	95	65
English, French and non-official language	10	0	0	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	4,516,810	2,215,515	2,301,295	724,030	354,435	369,600
Non-movers	3,811,375	1,868,420	1,942,945	641,310	314,280	327,020
Movers	705,440	347,095	358,345	82,720	40,150	42,570
Non-migrants	386,620	189,765	196,855	45,630	21,830	23,800
Migrants	318,825	157,335	161,490	37,090	18,320	18,765
Internal migrants	249,960	123,425	126,540	32,585	15,995	16,585
Intraprovincial migrants	188,225	92,150	96,070	21,995	10,555	11,445
Interprovincial migrants	61,740	31,275	30,465	10,585	5,445	5,140
External migrants	68,860	33,910	34,950	4,505	2,320	2,185
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	4,339,960	2,124,780	2,215,180	696,160	340,310	355,845
Non-movers	2,490,535	1,220,635	1,269,905	480,830	237,150	243,685
Movers	1,849,425	904,145	945,275	215,325	103,155	112,165
Non-migrants	940,895	460,185	480,710	113,835	53,935	59,900
Migrants	908,535	443,965	464,570	101,490	49,215	52,275
Internal migrants	672,805	329,700	343,105	89,980	43,165	46,815
Intraprovincial migrants	503,685	245,895	257,795	60,645	28,475	32,165
Interprovincial migrants	169,115	83,805	85,310	29,335	14,685	14,650
External migrants	235,730	114,265	121,465	11,510	6,050	5,455

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 35 referrer

Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. British Columbia [Province] and New Brunswick [Province] (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 6, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
British Columbia [Province] and New Brunswick [Province]

Census Profile, 2016 Census British Columbia [Province] and New Brunswick [Province]

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
British Columbia [Province] and New Brunswick [Province]