Census Profile, 2016 Census
Kamloops--Thompson--Cariboo [Federal electoral district], British Columbia and Ontario [Province]

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Kamloops--Thompson--Cariboo British Columbia [Federal electoral district]			Ontario [Province]
	Data quality , Kamloops--Thompson--Cariboo [Federal electoral district], British Columbia Map : Kamloops--Thompson--Cariboo [Federal electoral district], British Columbia Change geography 1			Data quality : Ontario [Province] Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	124,358	...	...	13,448,494	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	118,616 ^r	...	...	12,851,821	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	4.8	...	...	4.6	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	60,251	...	...	5,598,391	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	52,098	...	...	5,169,174	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	3.3	...	...	14.8	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	37,757.55	...	...	908,699.33	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	124,360	61,775	62,580	13,448,495	6,559,390	6,889,105
0 to 14 years	18,310	9,380	8,930	2,207,970	1,131,615	1,076,350
0 to 4 years	5,835	2,980	2,860	697,360	357,300	340,055
5 to 9 years	6,270	3,210	3,060	756,085	387,320	368,765
10 to 14 years	6,205	3,195	3,010	754,530	387,000	367,530
15 to 64 years	81,070	40,310	40,760	8,988,865	4,412,115	4,576,750
15 to 19 years	6,675	3,475	3,200	811,670	416,730	394,945
20 to 24 years	7,365	3,800	3,570	894,390	457,815	436,570
25 to 29 years	7,630	3,985	3,640	874,350	436,345	438,010
30 to 34 years	7,585	3,810	3,780	864,765	420,800	443,965
35 to 39 years	6,835	3,375	3,460	842,485	402,900	439,585
40 to 44 years	7,155	3,510	3,645	871,875	418,465	453,415
45 to 49 years	8,045	3,885	4,160	937,385	453,105	484,275
50 to 54 years	9,565	4,635	4,930	1,056,345	517,170	539,175
55 to 59 years	10,530	5,050	5,475	989,460	482,280	507,180
60 to 64 years	9,685	4,790	4,895	846,145	406,505	439,640
65 years and over	24,980	12,090	12,890	2,251,655	1,015,655	1,236,000
65 to 69 years	8,705	4,355	4,350	737,745	352,475	385,270
70 to 74 years	6,145	3,035	3,105	528,645	250,455	278,185
75 to 79 years	4,350	2,140	2,210	393,010	179,810	213,195
80 to 84 years	3,025	1,435	1,590	291,185	126,825	164,360
85 years and over	2,760	1,125	1,635	301,075	106,090	194,985
85 to 89 years	1,760	765	995	188,470	73,045	115,425
90 to 94 years	795	300	500	88,390	27,400	60,990
95 to 99 years	175	60	120	21,210	5,150	16,060
100 years and over	20	0	20	3,005	495	2,520
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.7	15.2	14.3	16.4	17.3	15.6
15 to 64 years	65.2	65.3	65.1	66.8	67.3	66.4
65 years and over	20.1	19.6	20.6	16.7	15.5	17.9
85 years and over	2.2	1.8	2.6	2.2	1.6	2.8
Average age of the population	43.4	42.8	44.0	41.0	40.0	41.9
Median age of the population	45.4	44.4	46.3	41.3	40.2	42.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	52,100	...	...	5,169,175	...	...
Single-detached house	30,925	...	...	2,807,380	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	675	...	...	886,705	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	16,925	...	...	1,460,200	...	...
Semi-detached house	3,100	...	...	289,975	...	...
Row house	3,430	...	...	460,425	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	3,790	...	...	176,080	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	6,470	...	...	522,810	...	...
Other single-attached house	140	...	...	10,910	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	3,575	...	...	14,890	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	52,095	...	...	5,169,170	...	...
1 person	14,120	...	...	1,341,300	...	...
2 persons	21,090	...	...	1,693,525	...	...
3 persons	7,530	...	...	834,260	...	...
4 persons	6,230	...	...	796,320	...	...
5 or more persons	3,125	...	...	503,775	...	...
Number of persons in private households	120,945	...	...	13,242,160	...	...
Average household size	2.3	...	...	2.6	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	106,050	52,400	53,650	11,240,525	5,427,775	5,812,750
Married or living common law	63,230	31,625	31,600	6,438,085	3,219,290	3,218,795
Married	50,525	25,285	25,240	5,531,930	2,764,275	2,767,655
Living common law	12,705	6,340	6,365	906,155	455,015	451,145
Not married and not living common law	42,820	20,770	22,050	4,802,440	2,208,485	2,593,955
Never married	25,925	14,560	11,370	3,182,785	1,689,180	1,493,605
Separated	3,290	1,475	1,810	328,675	138,140	190,535
Divorced	7,485	3,295	4,185	653,835	252,900	400,935
Widowed	6,120	1,445	4,680	637,150	128,265	508,880
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	36,240	...	...	3,782,540	...	...
2 persons	21,675	...	...	1,815,000	...	...
3 persons	6,885	...	...	844,545	...	...
4 persons	5,660	...	...	792,435	...	...
5 or more persons	2,025	...	...	330,560	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	36,240	...	...	3,782,545	...	...
Total couple families	30,815	...	...	3,137,570	...	...
Married couples	24,465	...	...	2,684,735	...	...
Common-law couples	6,350	...	...	452,840	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	5,430	...	...	644,975	...	...
Female parent	4,130	...	...	518,480	...	...
Male parent	1,305	...	...	126,495	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	30,815	...	...	3,137,565	...	...
Couples without children	18,260	...	...	1,428,575	...	...
Couples with children	12,555	...	...	1,708,995	...	...
1 child	5,315	...	...	658,305	...	...
2 children	5,310	...	...	738,710	...	...
3 or more children	1,925	...	...	311,975	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	5,430	...	...	644,975	...	...
1 child	3,410	...	...	386,425	...	...
2 children	1,570	...	...	186,240	...	...
3 or more children	445	...	...	72,310	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	23,570	11,880	11,685	2,139,825	990,525	1,149,300
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	52,095	...	...	5,169,175	...	...
One-census-family households	34,490	...	...	3,481,885	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	17,450	...	...	1,311,575	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	17,040	...	...	2,170,315	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	870	...	...	145,615	...	...
Non-census-family households	16,745	...	...	1,541,665	...	...
One-person households	14,120	...	...	1,341,305	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	2,625	...	...	200,365	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	122,810	60,980	61,830	13,312,865	6,503,875	6,808,990
English only	115,905	57,840	58,070	11,455,500	5,689,830	5,765,665
French only	25	15	15	40,040	17,340	22,705
English and French	6,415	2,920	3,490	1,490,390	665,850	824,540
Neither English nor French	465	210	260	326,935	130,850	196,085
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	122,810	60,980	61,830	13,312,865	6,503,880	6,808,995
English	121,045	60,090	60,950	12,394,325	6,095,970	6,298,355
French	1,205	630	575	504,130	236,875	267,250
English and French	135	70	60	92,940	42,910	50,030
Neither English nor French	430	190	240	321,480	128,125	193,355
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	1,265	660	605	550,600	258,330	292,270
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	1.0	1.1	1.0	4.1	4.0	4.3
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	122,810	60,980	61,830	13,312,870	6,503,875	6,808,990
Single responses	121,695	60,460	61,235	12,946,960	6,327,630	6,619,330
Official languages	111,300	55,430	55,870	9,393,040	4,637,520	4,755,520
English	109,885	54,715	55,175	8,902,320	4,406,210	4,496,110
French	1,410	715	695	490,715	231,310	259,410
Non-official languages	10,400	5,030	5,365	3,553,920	1,690,110	1,863,810
Aboriginal languages	250	110	140	22,765	10,815	11,950
Algonquian languages	40	20	20	21,235	10,175	11,060
Blackfoot	0	0	0	10	5	5
Cree-Montagnais languages	35	25	15	5,080	2,485	2,595
Atikamekw	0	0	0	5	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	5	5	5
Moose Cree	0	0	0	85	40	45
Naskapi	0	0	0	10	5	5
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	55	25	30
Plains Cree	15	5	0	35	5	30
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	5	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	5	355	135	225
Woods Cree	0	0	0	15	10	5
Cree, n.o.s.	20	10	15	4,500	2,255	2,245
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	90	40	50
Malecite	0	0	0	10	5	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	85	35	50
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	16,025	7,620	8,400
Algonquin	0	0	0	65	30	35
Ojibway	5	0	5	9,505	4,515	4,985
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	6,310	3,015	3,300
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	145	65	80
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	20	10
Athabaskan languages	25	10	20	60	20	40
Northern Athabaskan languages	25	10	15	55	20	35
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	10	0	5	5	0	5
Chilcotin	15	5	10	5	0	5
Dene	0	0	0	20	10	10
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	5	5	5
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	10	0	5
Sekani	0	0	5	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	5	5	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	5
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	5
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	5
Haida	0	0	0	0	5	0
Inuit languages	10	5	5	475	165	305
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	5	5	5
Inuktitut	5	5	0	425	145	280
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	45	20	25
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	710	300	410
Cayuga	0	0	0	40	20	20
Mohawk	0	0	0	590	255	335
Oneida	0	0	0	55	15	40
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	5	15
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	25	15	15
Salish languages	155	70	85	5	0	5
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	5	5	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	140	65	80	5	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	10	5	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	5	0	0	10	5	5
Dakota	0	0	5	5	5	5
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	5	0	5	5	5	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	5	0	0	0	0	5
Nisga'a	0	0	0	5	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	5	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	5
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	5	5	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	5	0	5	235	130	105
Non-Aboriginal languages	10,145	4,920	5,225	3,531,160	1,679,300	1,851,865
Afro-Asiatic languages	220	135	85	253,830	127,720	126,110
Berber languages	0	0	0	725	405	320
Kabyle	0	0	0	425	225	200
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	305	180	120
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	24,605	10,730	13,870
Bilen	0	0	0	250	140	110
Oromo	0	0	0	1,445	720	730
Somali	0	0	0	22,680	9,755	12,925
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	225	115	110
Semitic languages	215	130	85	227,985	116,320	111,665
Amharic	5	5	0	10,720	4,960	5,760
Arabic	210	125	85	171,370	88,400	82,965
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	14,555	7,135	7,420
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	4,795	2,365	2,425
Harari	0	0	0	1,030	485	545
Hebrew	5	0	0	11,575	6,220	5,350
Maltese	5	0	0	5,175	2,575	2,600
Tigrigna	0	0	0	7,345	3,470	3,870
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	1,435	705	730
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	520	265	250
Austro-Asiatic languages	100	45	55	78,125	35,880	42,240
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	5	0	7,355	3,330	4,020
Vietnamese	95	40	55	70,690	32,520	38,165
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	85	30	50
Austronesian languages	560	175	385	194,380	76,060	118,315
Bikol	0	0	0	595	260	330
Cebuano	20	0	15	6,545	2,500	4,045
Fijian	0	0	0	80	45	40
Hiligaynon	10	5	5	2,750	1,030	1,725
Ilocano	30	15	20	11,285	4,430	6,860
Malagasy	0	0	0	100	45	55
Malay	20	5	10	5,760	2,520	3,240
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10	5	5	1,505	670	840
Pangasinan	0	0	0	535	215	315
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	465	145	330	163,415	63,665	99,755
Waray-Waray	0	0	5	405	140	270
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	1,400	550	850
Creole languages	10	5	5	11,255	5,095	6,165
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	630	290	340
Creole, n.o.s.	10	5	0	8,025	3,580	4,440
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	2,605	1,225	1,380
Dravidian languages	80	50	30	148,605	73,530	75,075
Kannada	0	0	0	2,670	1,365	1,305
Malayalam	40	25	10	17,140	8,795	8,350
Tamil	15	10	10	117,630	57,310	60,320
Telugu	20	10	10	10,820	5,895	4,925
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	340	165	175
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	525	250	270
Indo-European languages	7,220	3,565	3,650	2,024,365	980,200	1,044,165
Albanian	5	5	5	19,045	9,535	9,510
Armenian	5	0	0	15,070	7,305	7,765
Balto-Slavic languages	1,200	560	635	410,725	188,695	222,025
Baltic languages	15	10	10	9,080	3,785	5,295
Latvian	10	5	5	3,910	1,650	2,260
Lithuanian	5	0	0	5,175	2,135	3,035
Slavic languages	1,185	555	630	401,645	184,915	216,730
Belarusan	5	0	5	515	230	280
Bosnian	10	5	5	6,370	3,125	3,245
Bulgarian	15	10	5	9,095	4,355	4,740
Croatian	120	60	60	31,875	15,460	16,410
Czech	110	60	55	10,670	4,930	5,740
Macedonian	5	0	5	15,635	7,470	8,165
Polish	245	125	120	121,075	54,675	66,405
Russian	250	95	150	101,100	45,630	55,470
Serbian	25	15	10	41,740	20,585	21,150
Serbo-Croatian	20	10	10	4,875	2,310	2,570
Slovak	55	20	30	10,280	4,710	5,565
Slovene (Slovenian)	30	20	15	6,740	2,995	3,745
Ukrainian	300	135	160	40,375	17,760	22,610
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	1,310	670	635
Celtic languages	10	5	5	1,110	505	605
Scottish Gaelic	5	5	5	450	210	240
Welsh	5	0	0	435	180	260
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	225	120	110
Germanic languages	2,720	1,315	1,405	200,640	94,475	106,165
Afrikaans	90	40	40	2,295	1,125	1,170
Danish	105	55	50	4,265	2,010	2,250
Dutch	435	215	215	51,720	24,875	26,840
Frisian	5	5	0	1,240	630	620
German	1,960	945	1,015	131,525	61,520	70,005
Icelandic	5	5	0	210	100	110
Norwegian	60	30	30	940	405	540
Swedish	55	20	30	2,395	1,040	1,350
Vlaams (Flemish)	20	10	5	2,150	925	1,225
Yiddish	0	0	0	3,735	1,765	1,970
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	170	80	85
Greek	60	35	30	55,415	27,305	28,110
Indo-Iranian languages	1,675	865	810	707,845	357,350	350,495
Indo-Aryan languages	1,615	830	785	565,600	285,720	279,875
Bengali	50	35	20	46,810	23,615	23,195
Gujarati	30	15	20	76,675	38,740	37,940
Hindi	185	110	75	58,735	29,805	28,930
Kashmiri	0	0	0	345	170	175
Konkani	0	0	0	2,510	1,195	1,315
Marathi	5	0	0	5,490	2,805	2,685
Nepali	15	10	5	7,870	3,915	3,960
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	715	380	335
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,260	615	645	197,060	100,160	96,895
Sindhi	5	0	5	6,840	3,225	3,615
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	5	5	10,165	4,925	5,235
Urdu	50	25	25	152,385	76,795	75,595
Iranian languages	55	35	20	139,675	70,270	69,405
Kurdish	5	0	5	6,665	3,615	3,050
Pashto	5	0	0	10,950	5,630	5,315
Persian (Farsi)	50	30	20	122,070	61,025	61,040
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	2,565	1,350	1,215
Italic (Romance) languages	1,540	775	765	614,525	295,030	319,490
Catalan	0	0	0	285	150	135
Italian	980	520	460	231,040	112,440	118,600
Portuguese	205	95	100	150,000	72,280	77,715
Romanian	25	15	10	41,755	19,565	22,190
Spanish	330	150	185	191,025	90,390	100,630
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	420	200	215
Japanese	240	80	160	13,260	4,590	8,670
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	1,200	635	565
Georgian	0	0	0	1,200	635	565
Korean	265	125	140	69,775	32,035	37,740
Mongolic languages	5	0	0	405	180	220
Mongolian	5	0	0	405	180	225
Niger-Congo languages	75	40	40	35,760	16,705	19,050
Akan (Twi)	10	5	5	9,695	4,510	5,190
Bamanankan	0	0	0	140	60	80
Edo	0	5	0	1,140	475	670
Ewe	0	0	0	560	270	295
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	5	5	0	365	180	185
Ga	0	0	0	600	275	325
Ganda	0	0	0	760	360	400
Igbo	15	10	10	2,090	1,080	1,010
Lingala	0	0	0	850	365	485
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	1,430	640	785
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	1,330	545	785
Shona	5	5	5	1,455	660	790
Swahili	5	5	5	5,525	2,540	2,985
Wolof	0	0	0	290	145	150
Yoruba	20	5	10	4,365	2,260	2,105
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	5,155	2,345	2,810
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	1,610	810	800
Dinka	0	0	5	345	170	175
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,260	635	625
Sign languages	30	10	20	3,030	1,570	1,455
American Sign Language	10	5	5	1,305	640	670
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	20	10	15
Sign languages, n.i.e	15	10	10	1,700	925	780
Sino-Tibetan languages	990	525	470	611,795	284,865	326,935
Chinese languages	990	520	470	602,610	280,340	322,270
Cantonese	330	175	150	275,315	128,090	147,220
Hakka	5	0	0	6,985	3,140	3,840
Mandarin	515	270	245	283,735	132,275	151,460
Min Dong	5	0	5	855	405	450
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	25	10	15	13,545	6,240	7,300
Wu (Shanghainese)	10	5	5	6,300	2,825	3,470
Chinese, n.o.s.	105	55	50	15,645	7,235	8,410
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	240	120	120
Tibeto-Burman languages	5	0	5	9,185	4,520	4,660
Burmese	5	0	0	1,640	775	865
Karenic languages	0	0	0	1,730	865	860
Tibetan	0	0	0	5,115	2,530	2,585
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	700	345	350
Tai-Kadai languages	35	5	25	8,485	3,535	4,945
Lao	0	0	0	5,190	2,480	2,710
Thai	35	0	30	3,270	1,045	2,220
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	25	10	15
Turkic languages	20	10	5	22,615	11,745	10,870
Azerbaijani	0	5	5	1,990	1,070	920
Turkish	15	5	0	18,415	9,610	8,810
Uyghur	0	0	0	515	255	260
Uzbek	0	0	5	1,055	515	545
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	640	295	345
Uralic languages	290	140	145	50,670	23,095	27,570
Estonian	15	10	10	4,205	1,810	2,400
Finnish	110	50	60	9,720	4,140	5,580
Hungarian	160	80	75	36,740	17,150	19,590
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	20	15	0	1,475	780	690
Multiple responses	1,115	520	590	365,910	176,250	189,660
English and French	230	100	130	54,045	25,165	28,880
English and non-official language	850	400	450	288,285	140,345	147,940
French and non-official language	20	15	5	12,565	5,735	6,830
English, French and non-official language	15	10	10	11,010	5,000	6,005
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	122,810	60,980	61,830	13,312,865	6,503,875	6,808,990
Single responses	120,935	60,105	60,835	12,522,045	6,123,955	6,398,085
Official languages	117,320	58,300	59,015	10,605,725	5,214,425	5,391,300
English	117,060	58,170	58,885	10,328,680	5,084,885	5,243,800
French	260	135	130	277,045	129,540	147,500
Non-official languages	3,620	1,805	1,820	1,916,315	909,530	1,006,780
Aboriginal languages	30	15	20	9,210	4,600	4,610
Algonquian languages	5	0	5	8,685	4,370	4,320
Blackfoot	5	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	5	5	0	2,370	1,205	1,165
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	5	5	5
Moose Cree	0	0	0	10	10	5
Naskapi	0	0	0	10	5	5
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	20	10	15
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	105	50	55
Woods Cree	0	0	0	5	5	0
Cree, n.o.s.	5	5	5	2,220	1,135	1,085
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	5	5	5
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	5	5	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	6,305	3,155	3,145
Algonquin	0	0	0	5	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	3,315	1,695	1,620
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	2,905	1,420	1,490
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	75	40	35
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Athabaskan languages	5	0	0	20	10	10
Northern Athabaskan languages	5	5	5	15	10	10
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	5	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	5	0	5
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	5
Gwich'in	0	0	0	5	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	5	5	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	5	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	160	60	90
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	5
Inuktitut	0	0	5	140	60	80
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	5	10
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	210	90	120
Cayuga	0	0	0	5	5	5
Mohawk	0	0	0	185	80	100
Oneida	0	0	0	20	5	10
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	5	5	0
Salish languages	25	15	10	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	25	10	15	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	5	0	5
Dakota	0	0	0	5	5	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	5
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	120	55	65
Non-Aboriginal languages	3,590	1,790	1,800	1,907,105	904,930	1,002,170
Afro-Asiatic languages	140	90	55	138,460	66,865	71,590
Berber languages	0	0	0	345	175	170
Kabyle	0	0	0	255	125	130
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	90	50	45
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	14,460	6,100	8,360
Bilen	0	0	0	170	80	85
Oromo	0	0	0	805	380	425
Somali	0	0	0	13,370	5,590	7,780
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	110	50	65
Semitic languages	140	85	55	123,410	60,475	62,940
Amharic	0	0	0	5,625	2,540	3,085
Arabic	135	85	55	94,195	46,505	47,695
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	9,515	4,595	4,920
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	2,915	1,410	1,500
Harari	0	0	0	555	250	305
Hebrew	0	0	0	4,850	2,505	2,345
Maltese	0	0	0	1,090	505	580
Tigrigna	0	0	0	3,920	1,805	2,115
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	755	360	395
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	245	115	125
Austro-Asiatic languages	50	20	25	50,245	23,105	27,140
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	5	0	3,770	1,650	2,120
Vietnamese	45	25	20	46,435	21,435	25,000
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	40	20	20
Austronesian languages	190	80	115	85,370	36,525	48,845
Bikol	0	0	0	90	35	55
Cebuano	5	0	0	2,325	1,020	1,315
Fijian	0	0	0	15	10	10
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	910	385	530
Ilocano	5	5	0	4,100	1,780	2,320
Malagasy	0	0	0	35	15	20
Malay	0	5	0	1,810	860	945
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	445	200	250
Pangasinan	0	0	0	90	40	50
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	175	65	110	75,070	31,965	43,105
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	90	35	55
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	380	175	200
Creole languages	0	0	0	5,325	2,355	2,970
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	355	165	190
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	3,995	1,735	2,255
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	975	455	520
Dravidian languages	40	25	10	96,250	46,575	49,680
Kannada	5	5	0	1,060	540	520
Malayalam	20	20	5	8,760	4,460	4,295
Tamil	10	5	5	80,600	38,460	42,140
Telugu	10	5	5	5,705	3,050	2,655
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	125	55	70
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	200	95	105
Indo-European languages	2,180	1,060	1,120	978,300	469,640	508,670
Albanian	0	0	0	9,190	4,580	4,605
Armenian	0	0	0	8,630	4,065	4,560
Balto-Slavic languages	260	130	125	192,945	90,585	102,365
Baltic languages	5	0	0	2,305	950	1,355
Latvian	0	0	0	860	350	515
Lithuanian	0	0	0	1,440	600	840
Slavic languages	260	130	130	190,645	89,635	101,005
Belarusan	5	0	5	175	80	90
Bosnian	5	5	5	3,220	1,595	1,620
Bulgarian	5	5	5	4,830	2,350	2,480
Croatian	20	10	10	11,125	5,275	5,855
Czech	30	15	15	3,070	1,480	1,595
Macedonian	0	0	0	6,255	2,965	3,285
Polish	75	40	35	52,555	24,510	28,045
Russian	70	35	40	63,570	29,655	33,920
Serbian	10	5	5	23,175	11,335	11,840
Serbo-Croatian	5	5	5	1,925	920	1,010
Slovak	15	5	5	3,520	1,680	1,845
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	1,465	645	815
Ukrainian	20	15	10	15,415	6,995	8,420
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	355	160	190
Celtic languages	5	10	0	120	65	55
Scottish Gaelic	5	5	0	60	30	25
Welsh	5	0	0	30	10	15
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	20	15
Germanic languages	535	265	275	44,515	21,630	22,880
Afrikaans	55	25	30	755	365	390
Danish	5	5	0	280	135	150
Dutch	40	15	20	4,450	2,145	2,305
Frisian	0	0	0	90	45	45
German	420	210	215	37,255	18,140	19,120
Icelandic	0	0	0	45	20	30
Norwegian	5	0	0	70	30	40
Swedish	5	0	5	385	190	190
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	5	5	145	60	85
Yiddish	0	0	0	370	190	185
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	655	315	340
Greek	20	10	5	21,700	10,160	11,535
Indo-Iranian languages	935	465	470	435,835	215,755	220,080
Indo-Aryan languages	915	455	465	344,050	171,125	172,920
Bengali	20	10	10	29,590	14,595	14,995
Gujarati	15	5	10	45,445	22,410	23,035
Hindi	90	55	40	28,960	14,485	14,475
Kashmiri	0	0	0	65	30	35
Konkani	0	0	0	540	260	280
Marathi	0	0	0	2,420	1,230	1,190
Nepali	15	10	5	5,640	2,815	2,820
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	325	160	165
Punjabi (Panjabi)	760	365	390	132,135	66,410	65,725
Sindhi	0	0	0	2,880	1,320	1,560
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	5	0	4,595	2,250	2,345
Urdu	15	5	5	91,450	45,160	46,295
Iranian languages	20	10	5	90,730	44,090	46,640
Kurdish	0	0	0	3,675	1,900	1,770
Pashto	0	0	0	6,750	3,360	3,395
Persian (Farsi)	15	15	5	80,305	38,830	41,475
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	1,050	540	515
Italic (Romance) languages	420	180	240	265,375	122,790	142,585
Catalan	0	0	0	135	60	75
Italian	245	105	140	72,960	31,195	41,770
Portuguese	55	20	35	67,415	32,065	35,355
Romanian	5	5	0	19,920	9,380	10,535
Spanish	110	50	60	104,820	50,035	54,785
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	110	50	60
Japanese	65	25	40	6,040	2,590	3,450
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	770	420	355
Georgian	0	0	0	775	420	355
Korean	190	95	95	48,540	22,685	25,855
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	225	115	110
Mongolian	0	0	0	230	120	110
Niger-Congo languages	15	5	10	12,120	5,400	6,725
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	4,415	1,915	2,495
Bamanankan	0	0	0	25	15	15
Edo	0	0	0	305	120	180
Ewe	0	0	0	135	60	80
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	110	55	55
Ga	0	0	0	175	80	100
Ganda	0	0	0	195	85	110
Igbo	5	5	0	540	265	275
Lingala	0	0	0	225	100	130
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	475	230	240
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	420	160	260
Shona	0	0	0	455	210	245
Swahili	0	0	0	2,085	925	1,160
Wolof	0	0	0	130	65	65
Yoruba	5	0	5	1,300	625	675
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	1,120	500	625
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	550	260	290
Dinka	0	0	0	120	60	65
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	425	195	225
Sign languages	50	20	25	4,425	2,485	1,940
American Sign Language	0	0	0	1,605	830	770
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	25	15	15
Sign languages, n.i.e	45	20	30	2,795	1,640	1,150
Sino-Tibetan languages	615	340	275	448,200	210,560	237,640
Chinese languages	615	335	275	441,615	207,305	234,310
Cantonese	170	90	75	198,745	91,545	107,200
Hakka	0	0	0	2,870	1,305	1,575
Mandarin	370	205	160	220,535	105,360	115,175
Min Dong	0	0	0	265	115	145
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	5	5	5,775	2,635	3,140
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	3,690	1,735	1,955
Chinese, n.o.s.	60	35	25	9,630	4,565	5,070
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	100	45	55
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	5	0	6,580	3,250	3,330
Burmese	0	0	0	1,010	480	530
Karenic languages	0	0	0	1,360	685	675
Tibetan	0	0	0	3,875	1,925	1,945
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	335	165	170
Tai-Kadai languages	5	5	0	3,865	1,845	2,020
Lao	0	0	0	2,535	1,220	1,315
Thai	5	5	5	1,315	615	695
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	10	5	10
Turkic languages	10	5	5	12,435	6,200	6,230
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	770	385	380
Turkish	5	5	5	10,545	5,245	5,300
Uyghur	0	0	0	290	150	140
Uzbek	0	0	5	585	290	295
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	250	130	120
Uralic languages	40	25	20	15,330	6,990	8,340
Estonian	0	0	0	790	290	500
Finnish	20	10	10	1,835	780	1,050
Hungarian	25	15	10	12,700	5,915	6,790
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	465	245	225
Multiple responses	1,870	875	995	790,825	379,925	410,905
English and French	95	45	50	45,655	20,895	24,755
English and non-official language	1,750	815	930	719,595	347,730	371,865
French and non-official language	0	0	0	6,725	2,930	3,795
English, French and non-official language	25	10	15	18,855	8,365	10,490
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	122,810	60,985	61,830	13,312,865	6,503,875	6,808,990
None	116,245	57,860	58,385	11,071,665	5,436,665	5,635,000
English	1,755	880	880	896,170	437,015	459,155
French	980	430	555	243,970	108,390	135,580
Non-official language	3,750	1,780	1,970	1,056,960	501,315	555,645
Aboriginal	380	180	200	14,315	6,580	7,735
Non-Aboriginal	3,370	1,605	1,770	1,042,645	494,735	547,910
English and French	0	0	0	8,150	3,755	4,395
English and non-official language	25	10	15	19,105	9,370	9,735
French and non-official language	55	25	30	16,435	7,165	9,270
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	415	205	215
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	102,680	50,710	51,970	11,038,440	5,342,850	5,695,590
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	99,345	49,215	50,135	10,556,935	5,115,460	5,441,475
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	34,048	44,070	27,027	33,539	39,889	28,676
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	99,455	49,290	50,165	10,559,805	5,115,825	5,443,975
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	30,688	38,500	25,252	30,641	35,753	26,585
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	89,370	45,105	44,265	9,391,800	4,650,130	4,741,675
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	31,399	41,810	23,944	32,871	39,831	27,012
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	70,775	31,535	39,245	7,632,575	3,402,810	4,229,770
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,215	8,300	6,614	4,206	2,034	5,463
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	73,790	38,165	35,625	7,790,680	3,998,335	3,792,350
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	31,291	42,159	24,451	33,946	39,490	29,413
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	102,670	50,685	51,980	11,038,440	5,342,755	5,695,685
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	99,310	49,225	50,085	10,556,925	5,114,340	5,442,580
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	44,629	54,883	34,551	47,915	56,780	39,585
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	99,410	49,290	50,120	10,559,935	5,114,725	5,445,210
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	37,536	44,919	30,275	39,318	45,443	33,564
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	89,395	45,120	44,280	9,391,645	4,649,230	4,742,415
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	42,971	53,746	31,993	47,890	57,511	38,459
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	70,800	31,380	39,420	7,632,220	3,402,745	4,229,475
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	8,338	8,814	7,959	7,346	6,763	7,815
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	73,770	38,150	35,620	7,790,680	3,995,700	3,794,985
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	41,937	52,210	30,934	47,369	55,263	39,057
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	102,670	50,690	51,980	11,038,440	5,342,755	5,695,685
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	29,845	17,015	12,830	3,737,385	2,082,480	1,654,900
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	55,141	66,534	44,130	55,121	60,345	49,713
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	62,394	72,863	48,513	68,628	76,536	58,676
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	86.6	89.6	81.9	88.9	92.1	84.7
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	70.0	73.8	64.2	72.9	76.0	68.7
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	13.4	10.4	18.0	11.1	7.9	15.3
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	102,675	50,710	51,970	11,038,440	5,342,850	5,695,590
Without total income	3,330	1,495	1,835	481,500	227,390	254,115
With total income	99,345	49,215	50,130	10,556,940	5,115,460	5,441,475
Percentage with total income	96.8	97.1	96.5	95.6	95.7	95.5
Under $10,000 (including loss)	13,475	5,260	8,215	1,615,790	711,105	904,685
$10,000 to $19,999	17,140	6,460	10,680	1,829,355	742,710	1,086,645
$20,000 to $29,999	14,020	5,685	8,335	1,410,760	589,975	820,785
$30,000 to $39,999	11,835	5,270	6,570	1,147,510	519,550	627,955
$40,000 to $49,999	9,935	4,615	5,310	1,021,880	489,595	532,285
$50,000 to $59,999	7,595	4,085	3,505	809,115	415,950	393,165
$60,000 to $69,999	6,110	3,725	2,385	630,635	348,525	282,110
$70,000 to $79,999	4,790	3,135	1,650	479,890	277,725	202,165
$80,000 to $89,999	3,765	2,535	1,230	378,185	222,095	156,095
$90,000 to $99,999	2,775	2,015	755	324,810	181,815	142,995
$100,000 and over	7,920	6,435	1,485	909,005	616,420	292,585
$100,000 to $149,999	5,955	4,825	1,130	600,995	394,410	206,590
$150,000 and over	1,960	1,610	355	308,010	222,010	86,000
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	102,680	50,710	51,970	11,038,440	5,342,850	5,695,590
Without after-tax income	3,225	1,420	1,805	478,635	227,025	251,610
With after-tax income	99,455	49,290	50,170	10,559,805	5,115,825	5,443,980
Percentage with after-tax income	96.9	97.2	96.5	95.7	95.8	95.6
Under $10,000 (including loss)	14,055	5,535	8,520	1,659,280	722,040	937,235
$10,000 to $19,999	18,025	6,955	11,070	1,906,875	777,330	1,129,540
$20,000 to $29,999	16,615	6,895	9,720	1,623,230	690,290	932,940
$30,000 to $39,999	13,510	6,115	7,400	1,377,100	642,645	734,450
$40,000 to $49,999	10,900	5,555	5,345	1,166,040	585,490	580,555
$50,000 to $59,999	8,020	4,875	3,145	845,305	464,610	380,700
$60,000 to $69,999	5,910	3,925	1,985	604,005	354,015	249,985
$70,000 to $79,999	4,470	3,105	1,365	465,485	268,140	197,345
$80,000 and over	7,945	6,325	1,620	912,490	611,260	301,230
$80,000 to $89,999	2,740	2,100	640	299,315	183,410	115,905
$90,000 to $99,999	1,800	1,430	370	174,110	116,330	57,785
$100,000 and over	3,410	2,795	615	439,070	311,525	127,540
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	102,675	50,710	51,970	11,038,440	5,342,850	5,695,590
Without employment income	28,890	12,550	16,340	3,247,760	1,344,515	1,903,245
With employment income	73,790	38,160	35,630	7,790,680	3,998,335	3,792,350
Percentage with employment income	71.9	75.3	68.6	70.6	74.8	66.6
Under $5,000 (including loss)	12,780	6,055	6,725	1,094,860	546,920	547,940
$5,000 to $9,999	5,525	2,260	3,265	635,305	281,135	354,165
$10,000 to $19,999	9,465	3,820	5,645	1,027,910	464,445	563,465
$20,000 to $29,999	8,075	3,415	4,660	827,805	372,185	455,625
$30,000 to $39,999	7,135	2,925	4,200	767,840	351,925	415,910
$40,000 to $49,999	6,250	2,750	3,500	709,775	341,320	368,450
$50,000 to $59,999	5,110	2,705	2,410	588,220	310,155	278,065
$60,000 to $69,999	4,250	2,610	1,645	465,670	263,430	202,240
$70,000 to $79,999	3,640	2,415	1,225	369,085	218,570	150,515
$80,000 and over	11,555	9,205	2,355	1,304,210	848,245	455,970
$80,000 to $89,999	3,005	2,080	920	307,660	182,660	125,005
$90,000 to $99,999	2,305	1,725	580	280,530	156,440	124,090
$100,000 and over	6,250	5,400	855	716,015	509,140	206,875
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	52,100	...	...	5,169,175	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	69,773	...	...	74,287	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	61,271	...	...	65,285	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	14,120	...	...	1,341,300	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	33,452	...	...	36,900	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	30,224	...	...	33,219	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	37,975	...	...	3,827,875	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	87,029	...	...	90,967	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	75,655	...	...	79,528	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	52,090	...	...	5,169,175	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	85,087	...	...	97,856	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	71,637	...	...	80,322	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	14,130	...	...	1,341,115	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	42,706	...	...	49,571	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	36,080	...	...	40,830	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	37,955	...	...	3,828,060	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	100,859	...	...	114,773	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	84,871	...	...	94,157	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	52,100	...	...	5,169,175	...	...
Under $5,000	890	...	...	86,720	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	695	...	...	70,245	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	1,520	...	...	134,395	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	2,090	...	...	185,245	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,215	...	...	200,770	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,995	...	...	189,450	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,350	...	...	202,580	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,185	...	...	207,180	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,245	...	...	206,605	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,150	...	...	202,015	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,040	...	...	388,820	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,750	...	...	363,580	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,465	...	...	335,770	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,130	...	...	309,105	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,745	...	...	282,740	...	...
$100,000 and over	16,645	...	...	1,803,955	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,715	...	...	560,090	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,070	...	...	394,570	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	4,355	...	...	449,885	...	...
$200,000 and over	2,505	...	...	399,410	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	52,095	...	...	5,169,175	...	...
Under $5,000	925	...	...	92,220	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	710	...	...	71,480	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	1,550	...	...	136,550	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	2,135	...	...	192,920	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,585	...	...	222,605	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,395	...	...	211,440	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,770	...	...	232,755	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,545	...	...	244,335	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,625	...	...	247,645	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,495	...	...	241,965	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,780	...	...	463,170	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,300	...	...	422,695	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,925	...	...	388,720	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,340	...	...	342,330	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,025	...	...	290,720	...	...
$100,000 and over	11,990	...	...	1,367,630	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,405	...	...	539,915	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,175	...	...	334,420	...	...
$150,000 and over	3,405	...	...	493,295	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	35,955	...	...	3,689,580	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	87,137	...	...	91,089	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	75,518	...	...	79,531	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	17,145	...	...	1,280,890	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	77,516	...	...	81,459	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	67,903	...	...	71,237	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	12,695	...	...	1,716,115	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	119,060	...	...	115,381	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	100,912	...	...	99,205	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	3.9	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	5,055	...	...	584,180	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	49,676	...	...	54,363	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	45,602	...	...	50,317	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	35,905	...	...	3,689,080	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	100,845	...	...	115,328	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	84,697	...	...	94,410	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	17,025	...	...	1,280,580	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	91,042	...	...	104,425	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	76,647	...	...	84,952	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	12,690	...	...	1,717,295	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	130,728	...	...	140,590	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	108,407	...	...	114,144	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	5,085	...	...	581,945	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	60,331	...	...	67,748	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	53,154	...	...	58,742	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	20,930	10,660	10,270	1,818,815	867,175	951,640
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	29,407	32,131	27,365	32,097	33,925	30,753
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	26,922	28,852	25,595	29,417	30,678	28,442
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	20,710	10,535	10,170	1,814,575	864,020	950,555
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	39,169	42,826	35,380	44,298	46,765	42,057
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	33,338	35,610	30,985	36,874	38,228	35,644
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	120,940	60,065	60,875	13,242,160	6,472,205	6,769,955
In the bottom half of the distribution	58,860	28,180	30,680	6,335,170	3,016,275	3,318,895
In the bottom decile	13,025	6,380	6,645	1,346,645	651,310	695,335
In the second decile	11,530	5,195	6,330	1,280,675	581,380	699,290
In the third decile	11,455	5,395	6,055	1,237,415	583,840	653,575
In the fourth decile	11,175	5,420	5,760	1,223,510	589,740	633,770
In the fifth decile	11,675	5,795	5,885	1,246,925	610,000	636,930
In the top half of the distribution	62,080	31,880	30,200	6,906,990	3,455,930	3,451,060
In the sixth decile	12,190	6,100	6,085	1,279,095	629,635	649,465
In the seventh decile	12,555	6,380	6,175	1,321,220	655,840	665,375
In the eighth decile	13,125	6,760	6,365	1,382,795	691,630	691,165
In the ninth decile	13,555	7,030	6,525	1,464,415	736,030	728,385
In the top decile	10,655	5,610	5,045	1,459,465	742,795	716,670
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	117,000	58,105	58,895	13,184,055	6,442,930	6,741,130
0 to 17 years	21,405	11,000	10,405	2,656,535	1,361,905	1,294,630
0 to 5 years	6,810	3,445	3,365	835,000	428,025	406,975
18 to 64 years	73,350	36,095	37,255	8,418,960	4,110,615	4,308,345
65 years and over	22,245	11,010	11,235	2,108,560	970,405	1,138,155
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	16,410	7,730	8,685	1,898,975	886,530	1,012,445
0 to 17 years	3,555	1,795	1,760	489,905	251,830	238,080
0 to 5 years	1,180	595	595	165,140	84,825	80,310
18 to 64 years	9,695	4,595	5,105	1,155,315	538,535	616,780
65 years and over	3,160	1,340	1,820	253,755	96,170	157,585
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	14.0	13.3	14.7	14.4	13.8	15.0
0 to 17 years (%)	16.6	16.3	16.9	18.4	18.5	18.4
0 to 5 years (%)	17.3	17.3	17.7	19.8	19.8	19.7
18 to 64 years (%)	13.2	12.7	13.7	13.7	13.1	14.3
65 years and over (%)	14.2	12.2	16.2	12.0	9.9	13.8
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	9,115	4,620	4,490	1,298,590	627,935	670,650
0 to 17 years	1,780	940	845	304,390	156,575	147,815
0 to 5 years	575	320	260	102,750	52,810	49,935
18 to 64 years	6,865	3,470	3,400	887,640	430,545	457,095
65 years and over	465	215	255	106,555	40,815	65,740
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	7.8	8.0	7.6	9.8	9.7	9.9
0 to 17 years (%)	8.3	8.5	8.1	11.5	11.5	11.4
0 to 5 years (%)	8.4	9.3	7.7	12.3	12.3	12.3
18 to 64 years (%)	9.4	9.6	9.1	10.5	10.5	10.6
65 years and over (%)	2.1	2.0	2.3	5.1	4.2	5.8
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	120,910	60,045	60,860	13,242,160	6,472,240	6,769,925
Official languages	120,480	59,875	60,605	12,918,075	6,342,930	6,575,145
English	120,430	59,850	60,580	12,879,045	6,326,225	6,552,825
French	6,360	3,050	3,310	1,521,020	677,505	843,510
Non-official languages	13,875	6,705	7,170	4,431,270	2,115,510	2,315,760
Aboriginal languages	830	395	440	33,855	15,815	18,035
Algonquian languages	70	40	30	30,630	14,505	16,125
Blackfoot	0	0	0	15	15	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	70	40	30	6,560	3,160	3,395
Atikamekw	0	0	0	10	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	10	0	10
Moose Cree	0	0	0	145	70	75
Naskapi	0	0	0	25	10	10
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	65	25	45
Plains Cree	20	10	10	105	50	50
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	10	0	10	605	255	350
Woods Cree	10	0	0	45	25	25
Cree, n.o.s.	40	25	15	5,620	2,760	2,865
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	180	95	85
Malecite	0	0	0	20	20	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	160	75	85
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	23,980	11,285	12,690
Algonquin	0	0	0	205	95	105
Ojibway	0	10	0	16,220	7,600	8,630
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	7,515	3,585	3,935
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	200	105	100
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	85	40	50
Athabaskan languages	110	55	60	85	25	65
Northern Athabaskan languages	110	50	60	80	25	55
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	10	0	0	10	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	10	10	0	10	0	10
Chilcotin	90	40	45	10	0	10
Dene	10	0	0	45	20	30
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	10	0	10
Gwich'in	0	0	0	10	0	10
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	10	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	10
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	10	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	10	0	10	840	320	525
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	10	0	10
Inuktitut	0	0	0	730	285	445
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	105	35	70
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	1,940	810	1,125
Cayuga	0	0	0	120	35	85
Mohawk	0	0	0	1,625	710	915
Oneida	0	0	0	180	55	125
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	50	25	25
Kutenai	10	10	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	10	0	180	65	110
Salish languages	615	285	335	10	0	10
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	10	10	10	0	0	0
Okanagan	20	15	0	0	10	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	595	265	330	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	10	10	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Siouan languages	0	0	0	40	10	30
Dakota	0	0	0	20	10	10
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	0	15
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	10	0	10	10	0	10
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	10	0	10
Nisga'a	10	0	10	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	10	10	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	10
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	10	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	210	100	110
Non-Aboriginal languages	13,050	6,310	6,735	4,397,690	2,099,820	2,297,865
Afro-Asiatic languages	250	140	105	362,645	183,050	179,595
Berber languages	0	0	0	925	505	415
Kabyle	0	0	0	530	280	255
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	390	225	165
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	34,160	15,155	19,000
Bilen	0	0	0	355	200	160
Oromo	0	0	0	2,075	905	1,175
Somali	0	0	0	31,535	13,925	17,610
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	370	170	205
Semitic languages	250	145	105	330,315	168,750	161,570
Amharic	10	0	10	16,010	7,565	8,445
Arabic	205	125	85	246,015	127,015	119,000
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	17,825	8,775	9,050
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	6,185	3,045	3,140
Harari	0	0	0	1,310	660	645
Hebrew	30	15	20	43,255	22,165	21,090
Maltese	0	0	0	7,020	3,455	3,570
Tigrigna	0	0	0	9,385	4,320	5,065
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,985	1,010	975
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,125	535	590
Austro-Asiatic languages	135	55	80	99,830	46,210	53,620
Khmer (Cambodian)	20	0	15	10,045	4,490	5,550
Vietnamese	115	50	65	90,265	41,965	48,300
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	60	10	50
Austronesian languages	645	220	430	249,435	98,295	151,150
Bikol	0	0	0	755	340	425
Cebuano	40	10	30	9,475	3,650	5,830
Fijian	0	0	0	110	40	65
Hiligaynon	10	10	10	3,110	1,205	1,910
Ilocano	25	10	15	15,235	5,940	9,295
Malagasy	10	0	10	215	115	100
Malay	40	20	25	9,780	4,500	5,280
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	1,935	855	1,080
Pangasinan	0	0	0	565	245	320
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	570	185	385	232,935	91,110	141,820
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	410	125	285
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,785	755	1,030
Creole languages	35	15	20	30,260	13,525	16,735
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	1,430	605	830
Creole, n.o.s.	20	10	10	19,375	8,480	10,895
Creole languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	9,685	4,525	5,155
Dravidian languages	75	45	30	196,315	97,975	98,335
Kannada	0	0	10	5,775	2,930	2,845
Malayalam	55	35	15	22,880	11,535	11,345
Tamil	15	10	10	157,700	77,975	79,730
Telugu	0	0	10	16,315	8,925	7,390
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	495	250	240
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	545	265	280
Indo-European languages	9,440	4,680	4,755	2,608,060	1,265,535	1,342,525
Albanian	0	0	0	22,375	11,180	11,195
Armenian	0	0	0	18,435	8,860	9,575
Balto-Slavic languages	1,145	650	500	473,565	221,450	252,120
Baltic languages	30	15	10	10,545	4,495	6,050
Latvian	25	20	10	4,675	2,070	2,610
Lithuanian	0	0	0	5,875	2,430	3,445
Slavic languages	1,125	635	490	465,170	217,885	247,285
Belarusan	10	0	10	1,360	680	680
Bosnian	10	10	0	9,915	4,905	5,010
Bulgarian	20	20	0	10,410	5,060	5,350
Croatian	150	65	85	46,580	22,880	23,700
Czech	115	75	45	14,045	6,615	7,430
Macedonian	0	0	0	21,505	10,365	11,140
Polish	210	115	90	142,985	65,415	77,575
Russian	315	165	155	138,735	64,355	74,380
Serbian	45	25	20	53,250	26,725	26,525
Serbo-Croatian	25	15	10	5,815	2,845	2,965
Slovak	25	20	0	12,035	5,550	6,490
Slovene (Slovenian)	35	30	10	7,935	3,550	4,390
Ukrainian	255	150	100	54,615	24,125	30,490
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	1,750	935	815
Celtic languages	15	10	0	3,800	1,880	1,920
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	1,480	720	765
Welsh	0	0	0	685	300	390
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	1,650	870	785
Germanic languages	3,270	1,475	1,795	274,305	130,610	143,700
Afrikaans	125	65	60	7,360	3,625	3,735
Danish	70	30	40	5,440	2,455	2,980
Dutch	350	180	175	63,410	29,875	33,535
Frisian	10	0	0	1,655	820	835
German	2,685	1,170	1,515	189,035	90,730	98,305
Icelandic	0	0	0	285	130	155
Norwegian	35	15	20	2,140	975	1,165
Swedish	100	50	45	5,125	2,345	2,785
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	10	0	2,275	1,050	1,225
Yiddish	0	0	0	7,175	3,535	3,640
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	3,290	1,645	1,645
Greek	100	65	40	80,690	40,105	40,590
Indo-Iranian languages	2,110	1,095	1,015	915,765	463,175	452,585
Indo-Aryan languages	2,035	1,050	985	759,390	384,940	374,450
Bengali	40	35	0	59,685	30,420	29,265
Gujarati	45	15	25	103,890	52,380	51,510
Hindi	560	305	255	250,095	127,765	122,335
Kashmiri	0	0	0	600	300	300
Konkani	0	0	0	5,490	2,515	2,975
Marathi	15	10	10	10,360	5,380	4,980
Nepali	35	20	15	10,245	5,115	5,135
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	1,090	515	570
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,580	770	805	282,065	145,050	137,015
Sindhi	0	0	0	11,515	5,385	6,130
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	18,555	9,230	9,330
Urdu	130	90	45	231,500	117,305	114,190
Iranian languages	70	45	30	163,490	81,710	81,785
Kurdish	0	0	0	8,795	4,755	4,040
Pashto	0	0	0	15,315	8,145	7,170
Persian (Farsi)	70	45	25	145,465	72,275	73,190
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	4,665	2,495	2,175
Italic (Romance) languages	3,075	1,530	1,550	880,330	418,225	462,105
Catalan	0	0	0	515	275	240
Italian	1,210	635	575	333,645	161,190	172,455
Portuguese	325	165	160	193,520	93,885	99,635
Romanian	50	35	15	49,635	23,205	26,430
Spanish	1,545	725	825	337,615	156,040	181,580
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	1,355	745	605
Japanese	555	220	335	25,675	11,535	14,140
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	1,555	775	780
Georgian	0	0	0	1,555	770	785
Korean	235	95	140	79,175	36,930	42,245
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	515	225	285
Mongolian	10	0	0	515	225	285
Niger-Congo languages	145	90	60	70,570	33,620	36,945
Akan (Twi)	10	10	0	15,950	7,520	8,435
Bamanankan	0	0	0	385	195	185
Edo	0	0	0	2,130	930	1,195
Ewe	0	0	0	880	435	445
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	10	0	0	700	320	375
Ga	0	0	0	1,340	645	695
Ganda	0	0	0	1,225	550	675
Igbo	10	10	0	4,025	2,105	1,920
Lingala	0	0	0	4,885	2,165	2,720
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	2,555	1,080	1,475
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	2,220	885	1,330
Shona	25	20	10	2,350	1,055	1,300
Swahili	15	10	10	16,750	8,110	8,640
Wolof	10	0	10	730	355	375
Yoruba	30	25	15	10,495	5,345	5,150
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	45	20	25	11,210	5,255	5,950
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	2,025	1,020	1,010
Dinka	0	0	0	415	220	200
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,615	805	810
Sign languages	260	90	170	18,865	7,645	11,220
American Sign Language	120	30	90	10,220	3,695	6,525
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	235	60	180
Sign languages, n.i.e.	135	55	80	8,690	4,005	4,680
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,065	550	510	689,145	324,575	364,565
Chinese languages	1,060	550	510	679,170	319,635	359,530
Cantonese	405	200	205	341,875	159,280	182,600
Hakka	0	0	10	7,865	3,445	4,420
Mandarin	665	360	305	385,395	179,890	205,510
Min Dong	0	0	0	810	330	480
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	35	15	20	16,980	7,650	9,330
Wu (Shanghainese)	10	10	0	8,305	3,860	4,440
Chinese, n.o.s.	75	30	45	16,455	7,710	8,745
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	185	95	90
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	10,460	5,200	5,260
Burmese	0	0	0	2,215	1,055	1,165
Karenic languages	0	0	0	1,820	905	920
Tibetan	0	0	0	5,695	2,845	2,850
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	1,245	645	605
Tai-Kadai languages	80	20	55	11,120	4,945	6,180
Lao	0	0	0	6,740	3,215	3,520
Thai	75	20	60	5,195	2,065	3,135
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	10	20
Turkic languages	25	20	0	33,335	17,310	16,025
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	3,260	1,710	1,550
Turkish	20	20	0	27,850	14,510	13,340
Uyghur	0	0	0	700	350	345
Uzbek	0	0	0	1,405	700	705
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	915	450	465
Uralic languages	305	150	155	58,370	27,060	31,310
Estonian	20	10	10	4,785	2,155	2,625
Finnish	125	60	60	11,145	4,865	6,280
Hungarian	165	80	90	42,545	20,070	22,480
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	20	15	10	3,675	1,950	1,725
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	120,910	60,050	60,860	13,242,160	6,472,240	6,769,920
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	116,435	57,865	58,570	12,223,065	5,987,360	6,235,705
Canadian citizens aged under 18	21,830	11,235	10,595	2,546,075	1,305,820	1,240,255
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	94,600	46,630	47,975	9,676,990	4,681,540	4,995,445
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	4,475	2,180	2,290	1,019,095	484,880	534,215
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	120,910	60,050	60,865	13,242,160	6,472,240	6,769,920
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	107,880	53,735	54,140	9,188,815	4,555,270	4,633,545
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	11,640	5,550	6,090	3,852,145	1,814,665	2,037,480
Before 1981	6,115	2,970	3,145	1,077,745	507,500	570,240
1981 to 1990	1,185	540	645	513,995	246,235	267,755
1991 to 2000	1,330	615	715	834,510	390,315	444,195
2001 to 2010	1,715	805	905	953,730	446,895	506,835
2001 to 2005	680	295	390	490,560	230,950	259,610
2006 to 2010	1,030	515	520	463,170	215,945	247,225
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	1,295	615	680	472,170	223,715	248,450
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	1,395	765	630	201,200	102,305	98,895
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	11,640	5,550	6,090	3,852,145	1,814,665	2,037,485
Under 5 years	1,405	690	715	369,955	184,255	185,705
5 to 14 years	2,355	1,195	1,160	685,085	345,865	339,225
15 to 24 years	2,845	1,315	1,525	855,475	381,025	474,450
25 to 44 years	4,195	1,965	2,235	1,579,500	741,340	838,160
45 years and over	840	385	460	362,130	162,180	199,945
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	11,640	5,550	6,090	3,852,145	1,814,665	2,037,480
Americas	1,830	785	1,040	598,950	265,930	333,025
Brazil	25	10	20	14,705	6,700	8,010
Colombia	30	10	20	28,815	13,085	15,730
El Salvador	40	20	20	20,920	10,165	10,750
Guyana	10	10	0	79,745	35,325	44,420
Haiti	10	10	0	10,195	4,410	5,785
Jamaica	40	20	20	119,840	51,320	68,525
Mexico	120	45	75	30,075	13,895	16,185
Peru	35	15	20	10,550	4,660	5,895
Trinidad and Tobago	15	0	10	52,810	23,515	29,300
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	1,310	570	745	109,005	47,170	61,830
Other places of birth in Americas	200	90	110	122,280	55,685	66,600
Europe	6,315	3,185	3,130	1,144,295	546,250	598,050
Bosnia and Herzegovina	30	10	15	21,300	10,655	10,645
Croatia	115	60	60	27,330	13,495	13,835
France	70	45	30	13,385	6,310	7,070
Germany	1,170	515	655	63,460	29,685	33,775
Greece	25	15	10	36,575	18,225	18,350
Hungary	100	55	45	22,085	10,495	11,590
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	50	25	30	15,275	7,415	7,860
Italy	665	340	325	157,815	78,510	79,305
Netherlands	315	160	160	47,400	23,910	23,490
Poland	195	95	100	96,000	43,155	52,845
Portugal	155	85	65	103,025	50,240	52,785
Romania	50	25	30	42,720	19,720	23,000
Russian Federation	60	30	35	42,980	18,540	24,440
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	35	15	20	23,695	11,610	12,085
Ukraine	55	30	25	39,945	18,150	21,795
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	2,355	1,200	1,155	264,125	125,730	138,390
Other places of birth in Europe	870	490	385	127,190	60,395	66,790
Africa	345	145	195	226,770	109,585	117,185
Algeria	0	0	0	2,925	1,480	1,450
Egypt	10	0	0	34,510	18,000	16,510
Ethiopia	10	0	10	15,570	7,230	8,340
Kenya	25	15	15	14,940	6,910	8,025
Morocco	10	0	0	5,485	2,690	2,795
Nigeria	0	0	0	20,630	10,285	10,345
Somalia	0	0	0	16,970	6,845	10,125
South Africa, Republic of	170	75	95	19,390	9,545	9,840
Other places of birth in Africa	125	45	75	96,355	46,610	49,745
Asia	2,810	1,245	1,560	1,869,805	886,570	983,240
Afghanistan	0	0	0	33,145	16,490	16,655
Bangladesh	25	20	0	39,410	19,970	19,440
China^{Census data footnote 59}	350	170	175	317,225	143,705	173,515
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	75	20	55	108,030	50,945	57,090
India	925	460	465	360,540	179,950	180,590
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	65	35	25	86,810	43,445	43,360
Iraq	0	10	0	50,390	25,280	25,115
Japan	170	45	125	8,145	2,550	5,585
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	185	75	105	57,085	26,660	30,425
Lebanon	10	0	0	34,545	18,145	16,405
Pakistan	75	45	35	142,265	71,925	70,345
Philippines	540	185	355	231,760	93,730	138,030
Sri Lanka	10	10	0	109,855	53,640	56,215
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	0	0	0	22,680	11,405	11,270
Taiwan	80	45	40	17,840	7,775	10,065
Viet Nam	90	35	55	80,525	36,545	43,985
Other places of birth in Asia	210	100	110	169,555	84,400	85,160
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	345	185	160	12,330	6,330	5,990
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	1,295	615	680	472,170	223,720	248,450
Americas	200	120	85	60,700	29,005	31,700
Brazil	10	0	0	3,180	1,505	1,675
Colombia	10	0	10	4,520	2,005	2,520
Cuba	0	0	0	1,950	910	1,045
Haiti	10	0	0	2,575	1,140	1,435
Jamaica	35	20	15	8,935	4,840	4,090
Mexico	60	30	30	5,670	2,745	2,925
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	65	45	20	14,635	7,225	7,405
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	0	0	0	2,460	1,120	1,340
Other places of birth in Americas	25	15	20	16,775	7,510	9,265
Europe	265	120	145	45,295	22,250	23,045
France	10	10	0	2,010	1,025	985
Germany	40	20	20	1,695	885	805
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	15	0	10	1,900	1,185	715
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	0	0	0	880	400	480
Romania	0	0	0	2,425	995	1,430
Russian Federation	10	0	0	4,905	1,790	3,115
Ukraine	10	0	0	4,455	2,005	2,445
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	85	45	45	7,780	4,515	3,265
Other places of birth in Europe	95	45	55	19,245	9,450	9,795
Africa	55	15	40	39,380	19,045	20,330
Algeria	0	0	0	415	180	240
Cameroon	10	0	10	1,390	640	750
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	1,835	845	990
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	605	245	360
Egypt	0	0	0	8,220	4,290	3,935
Eritrea	0	0	0	2,055	1,010	1,045
Ethiopia	0	0	0	2,505	1,115	1,385
Morocco	10	0	0	655	275	375
Nigeria	0	0	0	5,910	2,895	3,015
Somalia	0	0	0	2,065	965	1,100
South Africa, Republic of	15	10	0	1,410	715	695
Tunisia	10	0	10	310	155	150
Other places of birth in Africa	15	0	10	12,010	5,715	6,295
Asia	715	325	390	324,820	152,205	172,615
Afghanistan	0	0	0	5,785	2,845	2,945
Bangladesh	15	10	0	8,180	4,055	4,125
China^{Census data footnote 59}	110	55	55	58,840	26,025	32,815
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	0	10	0	1,985	800	1,190
India	180	100	80	69,325	35,060	34,265
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	25	10	10	21,225	10,300	10,930
Iraq	0	0	0	14,645	7,315	7,330
Israel	0	0	0	2,050	1,085	970
Japan	45	10	30	1,385	370	1,015
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	60	30	30	6,320	2,855	3,470
Lebanon	0	0	0	3,230	1,685	1,545
Nepal	10	0	0	3,395	1,725	1,665
Pakistan	30	25	0	25,435	12,425	13,015
Philippines	230	75	155	53,190	21,740	31,450
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	3,140	1,615	1,530
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	8,185	3,580	4,605
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	0	0	0	12,710	6,590	6,120
Taiwan	0	0	0	1,015	435	580
Turkey	0	10	0	2,590	1,440	1,145
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	4,290	2,230	2,055
Viet Nam	10	10	10	3,885	1,520	2,365
Other places of birth in Asia	10	0	10	13,995	6,505	7,485
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	60	40	20	1,980	1,215	765
Australia	35	20	20	1,535	965	565
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	20	25	0	445	250	200
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	120,910	60,050	60,860	13,242,160	6,472,240	6,769,920
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	13,615	6,615	7,000	4,122,840	1,953,095	2,169,740
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	22,165	10,800	11,365	3,049,835	1,525,300	1,524,540
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	85,135	42,635	42,495	6,069,485	2,993,845	3,075,640
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	5,715	2,680	3,035	2,825,480	1,331,730	1,493,750
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	3,055	1,545	1,515	1,364,380	677,695	686,685
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	1,305	795	500	540,795	338,460	202,335
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	1,755	750	1,010	823,580	339,240	484,350
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	2,300	940	1,355	940,405	382,890	557,520
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	330	175	155	482,665	253,750	228,910
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	30	15	10	38,035	17,400	20,640
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	120,910	60,050	60,865	13,242,160	6,472,240	6,769,920
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	12,925	6,225	6,705	374,395	179,970	194,420
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	12,555	6,070	6,485	361,125	173,685	187,445
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	7,730	3,670	4,065	236,680	112,840	123,845
Métis	4,805	2,385	2,425	120,585	59,015	61,570
Inuk (Inuit)	20	15	0	3,860	1,835	2,030
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	310	140	170	5,730	2,680	3,045
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	65	25	40	7,540	3,615	3,930
Non-Aboriginal identity	107,980	53,825	54,160	12,867,765	6,292,265	6,575,500
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	120,910	60,050	60,860	13,242,160	6,472,240	6,769,925
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	6,100	2,910	3,195	170,895	81,560	89,335
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	114,810	57,140	57,670	13,071,265	6,390,680	6,680,585
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	120,910	60,045	60,860	13,242,160	6,472,240	6,769,920
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	3,930	1,985	1,940	112,875	54,840	58,035
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	3,865	1,960	1,905	111,575	54,180	57,395
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	3,335	1,680	1,655	97,430	47,130	50,305
Métis single ancestry	530	280	245	12,925	6,490	6,435
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	1,220	565	655
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	60	20	40	1,295	665	640
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	65	20	40	1,055	545	510
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	145	70	75
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	65	25	40
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	30	20	10
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	10,290	5,045	5,245	405,425	192,320	213,100
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	9,785	4,785	5,005	395,205	187,695	207,510
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	6,000	2,880	3,125	276,920	130,810	146,110
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	3,735	1,875	1,860	113,785	54,830	58,955
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	50	30	20	4,500	2,050	2,450
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	500	260	240	10,215	4,620	5,590
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	480	250	230	9,305	4,205	5,100
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	15	10	10	595	290	305
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	15	0	10	300	125	170
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	15	0	10
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	106,690	53,015	53,675	12,723,865	6,225,080	6,498,785
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	120,910	60,050	60,860	13,242,160	6,472,240	6,769,920
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	7,805	3,760	4,050	3,885,585	1,878,075	2,007,505
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	2,615	1,365	1,245	1,150,415	582,010	568,400
Chinese	1,360	680	685	754,550	359,230	395,315
Black	600	340	265	627,715	296,270	331,445
Filipino	790	290	500	311,675	132,440	179,230
Latin American	360	155	205	195,950	93,645	102,310
Arab	195	105	80	210,435	109,585	100,850
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	245	90	155	133,855	63,255	70,605
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	100	50	50	154,670	77,385	77,280
Korean	310	130	180	88,935	42,445	46,495
Japanese	950	405	540	30,830	13,595	17,235
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	85	40	40	97,970	46,105	51,860
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	200	100	105	128,585	62,105	66,485
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	113,105	56,290	56,820	9,356,575	4,594,165	4,762,410
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	120,910	60,050	60,860	13,242,160	6,472,240	6,769,920
North American Aboriginal origins	14,220	7,030	7,190	518,300	247,160	271,135
First Nations (North American Indian)	9,890	4,840	5,055	385,505	183,075	202,430
Inuit	75	40	35	6,870	3,150	3,720
Métis	4,815	2,435	2,375	137,485	66,245	71,235
Other North American origins	34,830	17,250	17,575	3,220,595	1,585,255	1,635,340
Acadian	60	35	20	16,580	8,135	8,450
American	2,635	1,235	1,400	140,165	67,480	72,690
Canadian	33,110	16,415	16,690	3,109,770	1,531,645	1,578,125
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	320	190	125
Newfoundlander	50	10	35	10,850	5,520	5,325
Nova Scotian	10	10	0	1,485	685	800
Ontarian	0	0	0	2,165	1,085	1,075
Québécois	50	30	20	5,390	2,730	2,665
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	10	10	10	675	375	300
European origins	96,170	47,580	48,595	8,151,470	3,978,900	4,172,570
British Isles origins	67,470	32,845	34,630	4,900,430	2,380,595	2,519,835
Channel Islander	0	0	0	1,120	530	590
Cornish	15	0	0	755	370	385
English	42,205	19,995	22,210	2,808,805	1,357,650	1,451,160
Irish	24,320	11,635	12,685	2,095,460	991,625	1,103,835
Manx	45	25	15	2,450	1,320	1,130
Scottish	30,525	14,940	15,585	2,107,295	1,016,260	1,091,030
Welsh	4,155	2,050	2,100	198,475	94,555	103,920
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	3,320	1,615	1,705	323,185	152,525	170,660
French origins	14,685	7,260	7,425	1,350,520	643,360	707,160
Alsatian	0	0	0	1,235	495	740
Breton	0	0	0	290	175	120
Corsican	0	0	0	205	125	85
French	14,690	7,260	7,425	1,349,255	642,790	706,470
Western European origins (except French origins)	30,520	15,070	15,450	1,766,975	864,010	902,970
Austrian	1,825	920	905	72,475	35,415	37,065
Bavarian	15	0	10	450	225	230
Belgian	720	325	400	57,890	28,460	29,430
Dutch	6,395	3,185	3,210	527,750	259,585	268,165
Flemish	75	50	30	4,005	2,005	1,995
Frisian	25	10	10	2,705	1,400	1,305
German	22,865	11,215	11,650	1,189,670	579,315	610,355
Luxembourger	30	15	15	915	500	415
Swiss	1,265	665	600	59,835	29,395	30,440
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	25	15	0	1,095	560	530
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	13,390	6,440	6,950	266,085	127,885	138,195
Danish	1,920	915	1,005	53,555	26,355	27,195
Finnish	1,285	605	690	76,755	36,955	39,800
Icelandic	825	410	415	13,215	6,325	6,895
Norwegian	5,530	2,690	2,845	59,335	28,350	30,980
Swedish	4,550	2,135	2,415	71,035	32,705	38,325
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	590	300	295	12,540	6,400	6,140
Eastern European origins	18,585	9,340	9,240	1,339,610	644,610	695,000
Bulgarian	20	20	0	16,750	8,230	8,525
Byelorussian	40	20	15	11,690	5,645	6,045
Czech	530	285	250	42,340	20,815	21,530
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	380	200	175	14,810	6,820	7,990
Estonian	150	70	75	15,075	7,255	7,825
Hungarian	1,725	900	825	163,500	79,850	83,655
Latvian	145	90	60	18,095	8,615	9,480
Lithuanian	55	45	10	35,100	16,965	18,135
Moldovan	10	0	10	3,905	1,910	1,995
Polish	4,660	2,250	2,410	523,490	251,575	271,910
Romanian	845	380	465	98,235	46,825	51,410
Russian	3,835	1,810	2,020	220,850	103,650	117,200
Slovak	260	125	135	40,535	19,645	20,885
Ukrainian	8,920	4,490	4,430	376,440	181,725	194,715
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	60	35	25	10,330	4,940	5,390
Southern European origins	9,685	4,775	4,910	1,772,160	880,335	891,830
Albanian	15	0	10	25,980	13,085	12,895
Bosnian	30	25	10	14,680	7,255	7,425
Catalan	0	0	0	285	180	110
Croatian	475	235	245	82,220	41,350	40,875
Cypriot	0	0	0	4,400	2,170	2,230
Greek	450	240	215	148,555	74,830	73,720
Italian	6,750	3,350	3,400	931,805	467,100	464,705
Kosovar	0	0	0	1,305	655	650
Macedonian	10	0	10	39,440	19,820	19,625
Maltese	20	10	10	35,255	17,525	17,730
Montenegrin	15	0	10	2,545	1,295	1,250
Portuguese	940	445	495	324,930	160,970	163,960
Serbian	150	85	70	66,835	34,035	32,800
Sicilian	10	10	0	4,190	2,090	2,100
Slovenian	150	85	65	26,485	13,215	13,275
Spanish	910	385	525	171,145	78,880	92,265
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	210	90	115	20,245	9,785	10,460
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	15	15	0	965	425	540
Other European origins	995	520	475	105,865	53,050	52,820
Basque	10	10	0	1,585	805	780
Jewish	320	165	150	77,280	38,860	38,425
Roma (Gypsy)	35	20	15	2,295	1,050	1,245
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	20	10	10	2,065	1,110	955
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	625	335	290	23,290	11,540	11,750
Caribbean origins	300	135	165	462,600	213,660	248,940
Antiguan	0	0	0	3,275	1,480	1,800
Bahamian	0	0	0	2,305	1,190	1,115
Barbadian	50	25	25	26,625	12,375	14,250
Bermudan	0	0	0	2,010	925	1,085
Carib	0	0	0	2,295	855	1,440
Cuban	20	0	20	14,490	6,625	7,865
Dominican	0	0	0	9,180	4,420	4,760
Grenadian	0	0	0	14,690	6,420	8,275
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	70	20	50
Haitian	10	10	0	17,715	8,085	9,630
Jamaican	115	70	45	257,060	119,100	137,955
Kittitian/Nevisian	0	0	0	2,260	1,090	1,175
Martinican	0	0	0	195	65	125
Montserratan	0	0	0	620	300	325
Puerto Rican	20	10	15	1,495	755	740
St. Lucian	0	0	0	7,170	3,195	3,985
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	40	20	20	59,560	27,850	31,710
Vincentian/Grenadinian	0	0	0	12,155	5,250	6,905
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	30	0	25	56,865	25,380	31,480
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	10	0	10	16,970	7,770	9,195
Latin, Central and South American origins	1,050	515	535	322,210	153,045	169,165
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	45	20	20	10,795	5,040	5,750
Arawak	0	0	0	1,055	470	585
Argentinian	15	10	10	11,460	5,620	5,840
Belizean	25	0	15	810	395	415
Bolivian	0	0	0	1,885	935	955
Brazilian	80	50	30	18,395	8,760	9,635
Chilean	65	35	30	14,625	7,015	7,610
Colombian	35	10	20	40,820	19,345	21,480
Costa Rican	20	10	10	2,790	1,380	1,410
Ecuadorian	20	0	10	20,385	9,650	10,735
Guatemalan	25	15	15	10,040	4,870	5,170
Guyanese	15	15	0	73,360	34,050	39,315
Hispanic	10	10	0	5,805	2,790	3,015
Honduran	20	10	15	3,360	1,590	1,765
Maya	10	10	10	2,500	1,285	1,215
Mexican	535	275	260	43,120	20,735	22,380
Nicaraguan	25	15	10	7,100	3,440	3,665
Panamanian	0	0	10	2,475	1,125	1,355
Paraguayan	40	10	30	600	280	320
Peruvian	35	15	15	14,780	6,985	7,800
Salvadorean	35	10	20	27,595	13,530	14,070
Uruguayan	0	0	0	4,200	2,150	2,050
Venezuelan	10	0	10	11,750	5,320	6,430
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	10	0	0	14,095	6,745	7,350
African origins	825	440	385	414,095	203,260	210,835
Central and West African origins	180	110	70	85,735	42,745	42,990
Akan	10	0	0	965	540	425
Angolan	0	0	0	1,635	815	820
Ashanti	0	0	0	1,205	620	585
Beninese	0	0	0	555	280	270
Burkinabe	0	0	0	415	190	225
Cameroonian	10	0	10	4,700	2,330	2,370
Chadian	0	0	0	645	320	325
Congolese	0	0	0	10,425	4,960	5,460
Edo	10	0	0	1,025	545	480
Ewe	0	0	0	180	95	80
Gabonese	0	0	0	170	80	90
Gambian	0	0	0	630	305	330
Ghanaian	25	15	10	24,850	12,060	12,790
Guinean	10	0	0	1,105	550	560
Ibo	20	10	15	1,940	1,035	905
Ivorian	10	10	0	1,350	600	745
Liberian	0	0	0	770	365	405
Malian	0	0	0	490	250	240
Malinké	0	0	0	345	160	185
Nigerian	90	50	35	26,560	13,620	12,940
Peulh	0	0	0	135	80	55
Senegalese	0	0	0	1,000	500	495
Sierra Leonean	0	0	0	1,175	585	585
Togolese	0	0	0	670	370	300
Wolof	0	0	0	80	45	35
Yoruba	15	10	0	4,055	2,155	1,900
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	0	0	0	4,745	2,340	2,410
North African origins	40	15	20	86,665	44,970	41,695
Algerian	0	0	0	4,065	2,035	2,030
Berber	0	0	0	1,845	985	860
Coptic	0	0	0	2,305	1,185	1,120
Dinka	0	0	0	205	110	95
Egyptian	10	0	0	52,845	27,465	25,375
Libyan	0	0	0	3,785	2,015	1,760
Maure	0	0	0	290	160	125
Moroccan	10	10	0	12,305	6,310	6,000
Sudanese	10	0	0	8,975	4,600	4,375
Tunisian	15	10	0	2,295	1,210	1,085
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	0	0	0	1,755	920	830
Southern and East African origins	295	135	160	128,910	61,680	67,230
Afrikaner	0	10	0	560	285	275
Amhara	0	0	0	720	360	360
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	0	0	0	870	455	415
Burundian	0	0	0	3,105	1,465	1,640
Djiboutian	0	0	0	1,035	460	575
Eritrean	0	0	0	11,870	5,740	6,125
Ethiopian	25	10	15	22,560	10,755	11,800
Harari	0	0	0	475	255	215
Kenyan	10	0	0	5,860	2,780	3,080
Malagasy	0	0	10	430	200	230
Mauritian	35	15	15	3,600	1,830	1,770
Oromo	0	0	0	1,290	610	685
Rwandan	0	0	0	3,215	1,380	1,830
Seychellois	0	0	0	350	140	205
Somali	10	10	0	40,995	19,200	21,795
South African	170	75	100	19,760	9,790	9,970
Tanzanian	0	0	0	2,610	1,300	1,315
Tigrian	0	0	0	770	395	375
Ugandan	10	10	0	2,950	1,445	1,505
Zambian	10	10	0	805	410	395
Zimbabwean	35	20	20	3,425	1,595	1,830
Zulu	0	0	0	440	225	215
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	10	0	0	8,475	3,900	4,570
Other African origins	340	195	145	119,670	57,245	62,420
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	80	45	35	17,380	7,720	9,660
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	270	160	110	103,560	50,150	53,410
Asian origins	7,525	3,575	3,945	3,100,450	1,506,795	1,593,655
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	590	315	280	523,340	265,615	257,730
Afghan	0	0	0	54,535	27,255	27,280
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	65	45	20	44,705	23,345	21,360
Armenian	0	0	0	29,675	14,570	15,105
Assyrian	10	0	0	12,075	6,140	5,935
Azerbaijani	0	0	10	4,105	1,995	2,110
Georgian	0	0	0	2,815	1,415	1,395
Hazara	0	0	0	680	390	290
Iranian	115	60	55	117,065	58,995	58,065
Iraqi	10	0	0	50,460	25,420	25,035
Israeli	0	0	0	17,080	8,890	8,185
Jordanian	0	0	0	9,660	5,110	4,545
Kazakh	10	0	10	1,325	610	715
Kurd	0	0	0	9,210	4,880	4,330
Kuwaiti	0	0	0	1,510	795	715
Kyrgyz	0	0	0	340	130	210
Lebanese	160	65	90	86,245	43,700	42,545
Palestinian	15	15	0	28,480	15,215	13,270
Pashtun	0	0	0	3,010	1,635	1,375
Saudi Arabian	65	40	30	3,660	1,975	1,685
Syrian	50	20	35	31,440	15,570	15,870
Tajik	0	0	0	1,850	880	970
Tatar	10	0	10	2,135	930	1,205
Turk	40	30	10	34,165	17,340	16,825
Turkmen	0	0	0	695	345	355
Uighur	0	0	0	755	385	375
Uzbek	15	10	10	2,400	1,155	1,240
Yemeni	0	0	0	4,225	2,065	2,155
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	50	25	25	16,270	8,395	7,875
South Asian origins	2,740	1,405	1,335	1,182,845	595,480	587,370
Bangladeshi	30	25	0	29,195	14,965	14,230
Bengali	0	0	0	15,235	7,795	7,445
Bhutanese	0	0	0	1,450	710	735
East Indian	2,375	1,195	1,180	774,500	390,015	384,480
Goan	0	0	0	4,775	2,245	2,525
Gujarati	0	0	0	5,915	3,055	2,860
Kashmiri	0	0	0	1,795	900	895
Nepali	30	20	15	8,150	4,070	4,080
Pakistani	95	70	30	149,060	75,860	73,200
Punjabi	240	130	110	55,455	28,580	26,875
Sinhalese	0	0	0	5,195	2,545	2,645
Sri Lankan	30	10	20	124,270	60,685	63,585
Tamil	0	10	0	42,760	21,705	21,050
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	60	35	30	58,705	29,705	29,005
East and Southeast Asian origins	4,230	1,865	2,365	1,422,890	659,650	763,245
Burmese	0	0	0	4,420	2,105	2,315
Cambodian (Khmer)	10	0	0	14,655	6,810	7,845
Chinese	1,635	775	860	849,345	403,280	446,065
Filipino	965	375	590	337,760	144,830	192,930
Hmong	0	0	0	650	340	305
Indonesian	55	30	25	9,325	4,305	5,025
Japanese	1,090	470	620	41,620	18,530	23,090
Karen	0	0	0	1,645	830	815
Korean	315	135	180	93,420	44,585	48,835
Laotian	10	0	10	9,875	4,865	5,015
Malaysian	30	10	20	7,310	3,370	3,935
Mongolian	30	15	10	2,940	1,390	1,545
Singaporean	0	10	0	1,260	565	700
Taiwanese	75	40	30	10,060	4,595	5,465
Thai	70	10	60	6,865	2,725	4,135
Tibetan	0	0	0	6,365	3,175	3,185
Vietnamese	135	60	75	107,640	51,350	56,290
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	0	0	0	4,375	2,165	2,210
Other Asian origins	40	15	25	13,430	6,575	6,855
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	40	15	25	13,430	6,575	6,855
Oceania origins	725	375	355	20,680	10,435	10,240
Australian	455	230	220	13,315	6,780	6,530
New Zealander	230	135	100	4,250	2,255	2,000
Pacific Islands origins	40	10	35	3,490	1,625	1,860
Fijian	10	0	10	1,610	665	945
Hawaiian	25	0	25	470	235	240
Maori	0	0	0	485	255	230
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	10	10	0	275	115	165
Samoan	0	0	0	225	140	85
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	0	0	0	555	265	290
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	52,085	...	...	5,169,175	...	...
Owner	39,260	...	...	3,601,825	...	...
Renter	12,720	...	...	1,559,720	...	...
Band housing	100	...	...	7,635	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	52,085	...	...	5,169,170	...	...
Condominium	6,970	...	...	680,495	...	...
Not condominium	45,110	...	...	4,488,680	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	52,090	...	...	5,169,175	...	...
No bedrooms	285	...	...	33,950	...	...
1 bedroom	5,225	...	...	699,980	...	...
2 bedrooms	12,415	...	...	1,122,145	...	...
3 bedrooms	16,905	...	...	1,876,905	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	17,265	...	...	1,436,185	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	52,090	...	...	5,169,170	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	11,460	...	...	1,369,660	...	...
5 rooms	7,670	...	...	718,020	...	...
6 rooms	7,510	...	...	770,730	...	...
7 rooms	7,120	...	...	713,595	...	...
8 or more rooms	18,325	...	...	1,597,165	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.7	...	...	6.3	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	52,090	...	...	5,169,175	...	...
One person or fewer per room	51,765	...	...	5,046,810	...	...
More than 1 person per room	320	...	...	122,360	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	52,090	...	...	5,169,175	...	...
Suitable	50,660	...	...	4,858,170	...	...
Not suitable	1,420	...	...	311,005	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	52,085	...	...	5,169,175	...	...
1960 or before	5,900	...	...	1,293,135	...	...
1961 to 1980	20,780	...	...	1,449,585	...	...
1981 to 1990	6,450	...	...	709,135	...	...
1991 to 2000	8,965	...	...	622,565	...	...
2001 to 2005	2,695	...	...	396,130	...	...
2006 to 2010	4,360	...	...	368,235	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	2,935	...	...	330,390	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	52,090	...	...	5,169,175	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	48,615	...	...	4,851,335	...	...
Major repairs needed	3,470	...	...	317,840	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	52,090	...	...	5,169,170	...	...
1 household maintainer	30,305	...	...	2,962,065	...	...
2 household maintainers	20,385	...	...	2,059,710	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	1,400	...	...	147,400	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	52,085	...	...	5,169,175	...	...
15 to 24 years	1,885	...	...	135,835	...	...
25 to 34 years	6,800	...	...	681,685	...	...
35 to 44 years	7,355	...	...	880,070	...	...
45 to 54 years	9,675	...	...	1,113,885	...	...
55 to 64 years	11,475	...	...	1,047,185	...	...
65 to 74 years	8,955	...	...	738,445	...	...
75 to 84 years	4,725	...	...	414,210	...	...
85 years and over	1,215	...	...	157,860	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	49,480	...	...	5,106,290	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	38,680	...	...	3,694,385	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	10,800	...	...	1,411,900	...	...
30% to less than 100%	9,305	...	...	1,208,010	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	37,135	...	...	3,557,485	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	58.6	...	...	61.0	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	14.2	...	...	19.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	978	...	...	1,299	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,127	...	...	1,463	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	349,669	...	...	400,496	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	373,557	...	...	506,409	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	12,400	...	...	1,554,940	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	11.2	...	...	15.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	44.6	...	...	45.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	941	...	...	1,045	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	996	...	...	1,109	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	102,670	50,685	51,980	11,038,440	5,342,755	5,695,685
No certificate, diploma or degree	17,780	9,340	8,445	1,935,355	961,690	973,670
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	32,425	15,505	16,925	3,026,100	1,485,320	1,540,770
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	52,460	25,845	26,615	6,076,985	2,895,745	3,181,235
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	12,770	9,970	2,800	664,180	471,055	193,120
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	4,840	2,960	1,875	324,370	199,510	124,855
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	7,935	7,010	925	339,810	271,545	68,260
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	18,945	7,025	11,925	2,298,715	981,785	1,316,930
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	4,640	1,615	3,025	242,005	107,065	134,945
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	16,100	7,240	8,860	2,872,085	1,335,845	1,536,250
Bachelor's degree	10,820	4,630	6,195	1,911,530	854,135	1,057,395
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,370	615	760	189,370	83,670	105,695
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	545	380	160	79,760	42,295	37,460
Master's degree	2,885	1,325	1,560	593,645	294,180	299,470
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	480	290	190	97,790	61,560	36,230
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	65,605	32,105	33,500	7,229,120	3,498,620	3,730,495
No certificate, diploma or degree	7,040	4,015	3,030	752,995	404,770	348,225
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	19,815	9,570	10,245	1,768,955	895,020	873,935
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	38,745	18,520	20,225	4,707,165	2,198,830	2,508,335
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	8,495	6,715	1,775	446,390	315,975	130,420
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	3,165	1,930	1,225	218,980	134,685	84,295
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	5,335	4,780	550	227,410	181,290	46,120
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	14,210	5,210	8,995	1,782,530	762,505	1,020,030
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,325	1,190	2,135	170,925	75,935	94,995
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	12,720	5,405	7,310	2,307,320	1,044,420	1,262,895
Bachelor's degree	8,685	3,585	5,095	1,519,850	668,450	851,400
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,050	425	625	148,960	62,370	86,590
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	410	265	145	63,790	30,895	32,895
Master's degree	2,260	975	1,285	500,415	239,160	261,255
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	315	155	155	74,310	43,545	30,765
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	102,665	50,685	51,985	11,038,440	5,342,755	5,695,685
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	50,210	24,840	25,370	4,961,455	2,447,010	2,514,445
Education	3,955	1,010	2,940	349,745	79,245	270,505
13. Education	3,955	1,015	2,940	349,750	79,245	270,505
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,190	520	670	246,075	109,955	136,120
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	255	185	70	38,745	28,735	10,010
50. Visual and performing arts	940	335	600	207,325	81,220	126,110
Humanities	2,060	860	1,200	359,560	133,350	226,210
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	140	40	95	37,900	8,170	29,730
23. English language and literature/letters	565	175	385	98,440	28,290	70,145
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	575	220	350	95,345	32,940	62,410
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	10	0	0	2,165	805	1,365
38. Philosophy and religious studies	105	65	40	24,255	13,425	10,830
39. Theology and religious vocations	390	215	175	28,175	17,120	11,055
54. History	240	135	110	57,295	30,015	27,280
55. French language and literature/letters	40	10	30	15,990	2,590	13,400
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,195	1,245	2,950	810,410	269,735	540,670
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	50	10	40	10,765	2,210	8,560
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	330	115	220	81,500	31,825	49,675
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,010	105	895	141,750	11,775	129,975
22. Legal professions and studies	945	255	695	128,860	45,275	83,590
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	50	30	25	16,210	3,400	12,815
42. Psychology	645	160	485	122,545	29,640	92,905
45. Social sciences	1,155	560	595	308,775	145,620	163,155
Business, management and public administration	9,750	3,190	6,565	1,279,665	527,085	752,580
30.16 Accounting and computer science	25	10	20	2,725	895	1,830
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,190	210	980	108,935	21,405	87,530
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	8,540	2,975	5,565	1,168,005	504,780	663,225
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,510	890	620	253,905	124,050	129,850
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	595	305	290	110,950	45,120	65,835
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	375	180	195	54,745	24,800	29,945
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	10	0	10	3,830	1,190	2,640
40. Physical sciences	440	365	80	72,355	48,145	24,205
41. Science technologies/technicians	95	45	45	12,025	4,795	7,235
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,245	710	535	290,045	185,310	104,730
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,015	615	400	220,550	150,765	69,790
25. Library science	115	20	95	15,220	2,450	12,770
27. Mathematics and statistics	115	75	35	49,025	28,515	20,515
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	10	0	0	5,235	3,580	1,655
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	13,125	12,340	785	1,173,030	1,055,050	117,985
04. Architecture and related services	145	115	30	51,845	34,590	17,265
14. Engineering	1,320	1,125	195	334,085	271,010	63,070
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	1,860	1,655	210	237,775	214,500	23,275
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	10	160	30	125
46. Construction trades	3,840	3,725	115	198,790	194,555	4,235
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	4,085	3,915	170	225,860	220,545	5,315
48. Precision production	1,870	1,810	60	124,515	119,820	4,695
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	2,195	1,445	750	106,895	67,015	39,880
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	765	365	400	66,035	41,790	24,240
03. Natural resources and conservation	1,430	1,080	350	40,860	25,230	15,635
Health and related fields	9,180	1,510	7,670	865,970	173,780	692,185
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	495	280	225	75,715	37,005	38,705
51. Health professions and related programs	8,550	1,140	7,410	767,680	124,280	643,400
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	130	95	35	22,575	12,490	10,075
Personal, protective and transportation services	4,050	2,120	1,930	340,285	170,915	169,375
12. Personal and culinary services	2,330	615	1,715	183,925	49,390	134,535
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	0	0	2,135	1,815	320
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	80	60	20	2,610	2,385	225
43. Security and protective services	570	450	120	98,325	68,625	29,695
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,065	1,000	70	53,290	48,695	4,595
Other	0	0	10	1,405	260	1,145
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	10	0	0	1,405	255	1,145
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	65,605	32,105	33,500	7,229,120	3,498,625	3,730,500
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	26,855	13,580	13,275	2,521,950	1,299,790	1,222,160
Education	2,585	575	2,010	243,635	52,670	190,965
13. Education	2,580	575	2,010	243,635	52,670	190,965
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	885	385	495	192,630	85,175	107,450
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	170	120	50	28,705	21,070	7,635
50. Visual and performing arts	715	270	445	163,925	64,105	99,815
Humanities	1,475	595	885	266,665	95,805	170,855
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	90	25	70	29,210	5,775	23,435
23. English language and literature/letters	410	115	295	73,110	20,225	52,885
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	410	155	255	72,145	24,330	47,815
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	0	0	0	1,665	615	1,045
38. Philosophy and religious studies	80	45	35	17,755	9,925	7,830
39. Theology and religious vocations	265	150	115	19,390	11,790	7,605
54. History	190	95	95	42,315	21,735	20,585
55. French language and literature/letters	35	10	25	11,075	1,415	9,655
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,440	940	2,500	648,285	207,200	441,085
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	40	0	35	8,630	1,785	6,845
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	280	85	195	67,115	26,015	41,105
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	790	75	715	111,550	8,405	103,145
22. Legal professions and studies	785	175	610	108,895	34,250	74,650
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	40	20	20	12,875	2,705	10,170
42. Psychology	530	120	405	93,770	21,045	72,725
45. Social sciences	975	460	515	245,445	113,000	132,445
Business, management and public administration	7,475	2,400	5,075	1,026,975	414,425	612,550
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	0	15	2,225	715	1,510
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,000	155	845	88,130	16,590	71,540
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	6,460	2,235	4,225	936,620	397,120	539,500
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,145	640	510	190,235	88,535	101,700
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	505	255	250	84,580	33,150	51,425
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	270	125	150	41,255	18,020	23,240
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	10	0	0	3,135	975	2,165
40. Physical sciences	300	225	75	52,490	33,175	19,310
41. Science technologies/technicians	60	30	30	8,775	3,215	5,555
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,045	600	445	252,275	162,360	89,915
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	870	530	340	198,775	136,120	62,655
25. Library science	85	20	65	10,755	1,765	8,995
27. Mathematics and statistics	85	50	40	38,160	21,440	16,720
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	0	10	0	4,580	3,030	1,550
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	9,255	8,595	660	878,300	779,075	99,225
04. Architecture and related services	115	85	30	42,115	27,365	14,745
14. Engineering	1,005	835	160	266,040	211,240	54,800
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	1,370	1,185	185	178,830	160,160	18,675
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	140	25	115
46. Construction trades	2,740	2,665	80	141,515	138,160	3,360
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,805	2,655	145	162,855	158,770	4,080
48. Precision production	1,220	1,165	60	86,805	83,355	3,450
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,785	1,120	665	82,775	49,710	33,065
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	585	240	345	50,160	30,065	20,095
03. Natural resources and conservation	1,200	880	320	32,615	19,650	12,965
Health and related fields	6,725	1,130	5,595	664,880	133,665	531,220
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	400	210	190	58,160	27,950	30,205
51. Health professions and related programs	6,230	860	5,370	589,085	96,720	492,365
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	95	65	30	17,640	8,990	8,645
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,930	1,545	1,380	259,400	129,985	129,415
12. Personal and culinary services	1,650	455	1,200	137,250	36,225	101,030
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	1,685	1,405	280
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	15	10	10	1,415	1,270	145
43. Security and protective services	475	370	110	77,190	52,840	24,345
49. Transportation and materials moving	785	720	60	41,855	38,245	3,610
Other	10	0	10	1,125	220	900
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	0	0	0	1,125	225	900
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	102,670	50,685	51,980	11,038,440	5,342,755	5,695,685
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	50,205	24,840	25,370	4,961,460	2,447,010	2,514,445
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	52,460	25,845	26,615	6,076,985	2,895,745	3,181,240
Location of study inside Canada	47,485	23,275	24,210	4,786,950	2,261,260	2,525,690
Same as province or territory of residence	38,360	18,535	19,825	4,414,485	2,081,525	2,332,960
Different than province or territory of residence	9,130	4,745	4,385	372,470	179,735	192,730
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	4,970	2,570	2,400	1,290,035	634,485	655,545
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	1,220	745	475	167,260	89,350	77,910
Philippines	275	75	195	115,410	39,750	75,655
India	415	240	175	169,340	85,500	83,840
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	770	420	355	115,690	66,215	49,470
China^{Census data footnote 162}	155	65	90	98,415	46,230	52,185
France	35	15	15	10,775	5,800	4,975
Other	2,105	1,010	1,095	613,145	301,635	311,510
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	65,600	32,100	33,500	7,229,120	3,498,620	3,730,500
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	26,860	13,585	13,275	2,521,955	1,299,795	1,222,160
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	38,745	18,525	20,225	4,707,170	2,198,830	2,508,335
Location of study inside Canada	35,540	16,990	18,550	3,713,145	1,728,610	1,984,540
Same as province or territory of residence	29,295	13,830	15,465	3,432,015	1,593,170	1,838,850
Different than province or territory of residence	6,245	3,160	3,090	281,130	135,440	145,690
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	3,210	1,535	1,675	994,025	470,225	523,800
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	760	440	325	127,005	65,045	61,960
Philippines	230	65	160	97,230	32,925	64,300
India	280	150	130	143,205	70,040	73,175
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	370	175	195	62,325	34,315	28,010
China^{Census data footnote 162}	130	50	80	82,020	37,900	44,125
France	20	10	10	8,705	4,630	4,070
Other	1,425	640	780	473,530	225,365	248,160
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	102,665	50,690	51,980	11,038,440	5,342,755	5,695,680
In the labour force	64,115	33,795	30,320	7,141,675	3,689,625	3,452,055
Employed	58,830	30,460	28,370	6,612,150	3,414,255	3,197,895
Unemployed	5,280	3,335	1,945	529,525	275,370	254,160
Not in the labour force	38,555	16,885	21,665	3,896,765	1,653,130	2,243,630
Participation rate	62.5	66.7	58.3	64.7	69.1	60.6
Employment rate	57.3	60.1	54.6	59.9	63.9	56.1
Unemployment rate	8.2	9.9	6.4	7.4	7.5	7.4
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	102,670	50,685	51,980	11,038,440	5,342,755	5,695,685
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	34,750	15,170	19,580	3,696,235	1,561,475	2,134,755
Worked	67,920	35,515	32,400	7,342,205	3,781,280	3,560,925
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	30,635	17,505	13,125	3,837,565	2,148,635	1,688,935
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	37,285	18,010	19,270	3,504,645	1,632,645	1,871,995
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.2	41.4	41.0	42.9	43.4	42.3
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	64,115	33,800	30,320	7,141,675	3,689,625	3,452,055
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	950	470	475	171,050	81,735	89,315
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	63,165	33,325	29,835	6,970,625	3,607,890	3,362,735
Employee	55,305	28,665	26,635	6,146,035	3,084,740	3,061,295
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	7,860	4,655	3,200	824,595	523,145	301,445
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	64,115	33,800	30,320	7,141,675	3,689,625	3,452,050
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	950	475	480	171,045	81,735	89,315
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	63,165	33,325	29,840	6,970,625	3,607,890	3,362,735
0 Management occupations	6,410	3,815	2,595	790,880	483,240	307,635
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	8,495	2,040	6,455	1,124,770	357,215	767,555
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	3,450	2,755	695	516,110	399,195	116,915
3 Health occupations	4,895	925	3,965	447,045	90,495	356,550
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	6,780	2,125	4,660	831,340	265,075	566,265
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,365	620	740	225,720	104,445	121,275
6 Sales and service occupations	15,110	5,830	9,285	1,632,085	709,375	922,710
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	12,245	11,545	700	927,820	866,870	60,950
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	2,480	1,990	490	113,405	88,150	25,260
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,930	1,680	255	361,455	243,835	117,620
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	64,115	33,800	30,320	7,141,675	3,689,625	3,452,050
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	950	475	475	171,050	81,730	89,315
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	63,165	33,330	29,835	6,970,625	3,607,890	3,362,735
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	2,550	1,860	690	102,070	67,005	35,070
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	1,980	1,795	180	32,340	27,920	4,415
22 Utilities	325	295	35	50,820	38,195	12,630
23 Construction	5,550	4,910	635	476,835	419,600	57,230
31-33 Manufacturing	3,910	3,150	760	683,335	482,800	200,530
41 Wholesale trade	1,630	1,255	370	270,745	178,945	91,800
44-45 Retail trade	7,835	3,480	4,355	783,540	367,175	416,365
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	3,515	2,800	715	329,240	242,045	87,190
51 Information and cultural industries	910	525	380	176,715	101,045	75,670
52 Finance and insurance	1,510	515	990	380,765	169,590	211,180
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,015	520	495	144,275	77,385	66,890
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	3,560	1,765	1,790	567,825	316,685	251,140
55 Management of companies and enterprises	50	20	30	12,365	5,290	7,075
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,550	1,365	1,180	338,640	190,210	148,430
61 Educational services	4,065	1,255	2,815	528,470	163,680	364,795
62 Health care and social assistance	8,065	1,260	6,805	754,555	134,270	620,275
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,715	890	825	147,425	75,330	72,095
72 Accommodation and food services	5,850	2,395	3,460	478,070	201,260	276,805
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,990	1,355	1,635	296,960	133,220	163,745
91 Public administration	3,595	1,915	1,680	415,635	216,250	199,385
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	58,830	30,460	28,375	6,612,150	3,414,255	3,197,900
Worked at home	4,120	1,735	2,390	480,290	242,495	237,795
Worked outside Canada	85	65	20	39,145	25,995	13,150
No fixed workplace address	8,570	6,645	1,920	736,715	536,140	200,570
Worked at usual place	46,055	22,020	24,040	5,355,995	2,609,620	2,746,375
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	46,055	22,015	24,035	5,356,000	2,609,625	2,746,375
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	33,870	14,795	19,075	3,109,070	1,418,260	1,690,810
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	10,390	5,975	4,410	857,565	419,960	437,605
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	1,310	880	430	1,350,375	749,770	600,605
Commute to a different province or territory	480	365	120	38,990	21,630	17,355
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	54,625	28,665	25,965	6,092,710	3,145,765	2,946,945
Car, truck, van - as a driver	44,495	23,470	21,025	4,375,215	2,392,270	1,982,945
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	3,555	1,775	1,780	372,480	151,880	220,600
Public transit	1,980	815	1,160	888,920	376,690	512,235
Walked	2,875	1,395	1,480	320,015	143,885	176,130
Bicycle	575	410	170	75,460	50,200	25,260
Other method	1,145	800	350	60,620	30,835	29,785
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	54,625	28,665	25,965	6,092,715	3,145,765	2,946,950
Less than 15 minutes	22,365	10,735	11,635	1,463,845	675,540	788,310
15 to 29 minutes	21,885	11,050	10,835	1,964,690	991,525	973,165
30 to 44 minutes	5,050	2,925	2,120	1,295,375	706,155	589,225
45 to 59 minutes	2,060	1,375	685	612,415	336,090	276,325
60 minutes and over	3,265	2,575	690	756,385	436,455	319,930
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	54,625	28,660	25,965	6,092,715	3,145,765	2,946,950
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	3,615	2,765	855	413,515	296,265	117,245
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	9,685	6,545	3,135	1,039,255	640,810	398,445
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	15,395	7,830	7,560	1,571,230	778,100	793,130
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	11,410	4,400	7,005	1,354,870	577,565	777,310
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	5,190	1,870	3,320	740,330	328,410	411,920
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	9,335	5,245	4,085	973,515	524,620	448,895
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	70,415	36,680	33,730	7,579,085	3,895,880	3,683,200
Single responses	70,225	36,605	33,620	7,434,675	3,828,665	3,606,015
Official languages	69,995	36,465	33,530	7,319,360	3,767,405	3,551,955
English	69,860	36,435	33,425	7,225,210	3,732,550	3,492,655
French	135	30	110	94,145	34,850	59,295
Non-official languages	230	145	90	115,320	61,255	54,060
Aboriginal languages	10	0	10	1,485	765	715
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	1,420	745	675
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	370	220	150
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	10
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	360	215	145
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	1,050	525	525
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	495	235	265
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	545	290	260
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	10	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	25	0	20
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	25	10	20
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	25	10	20
Cayuga	0	0	0	10	0	10
Mohawk	0	0	0	20	10	10
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	15	0	10	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	10	0	10	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	10	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	220	140	75	113,835	60,490	53,340
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	3,305	1,995	1,310
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	125	45	80
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	15	10	10
Somali	0	0	0	110	35	70
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	3,175	1,955	1,225
Amharic	0	0	0	75	30	45
Arabic	0	0	0	2,430	1,605	825
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	145	110	40
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	35	20	15
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	395	140	260
Maltese	0	0	0	20	15	10
Tigrigna	0	0	0	60	30	25
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	2,575	1,065	1,510
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	95	50	50
Vietnamese	0	0	0	2,480	1,015	1,465
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	1,280	495	790
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	25	10	15
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	10	10	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	40	20	20
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	55	20	30
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	1,145	435	705
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Creole languages	0	0	0	60	35	30
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	15	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	50	25	20
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	1,980	945	1,035
Kannada	0	0	0	10	0	10
Malayalam	0	0	0	75	45	30
Tamil	0	0	0	1,870	900	975
Telugu	0	0	0	35	10	20
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	105	55	50	38,960	21,375	17,580
Albanian	0	0	0	275	170	105
Armenian	0	0	0	145	75	75
Balto-Slavic languages	10	0	0	6,655	3,165	3,495
Baltic languages	0	0	0	70	25	40
Latvian	0	0	0	20	10	10
Lithuanian	0	0	0	45	20	25
Slavic languages	0	0	0	6,595	3,135	3,455
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	100	55	40
Bulgarian	0	0	0	120	85	40
Croatian	0	0	0	155	100	50
Czech	0	0	0	25	20	10
Macedonian	0	0	0	85	35	45
Polish	0	0	0	1,925	960	960
Russian	10	0	10	2,905	1,240	1,670
Serbian	0	0	0	390	240	145
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	20	10	10
Slovak	0	0	0	55	40	20
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	15	0	10
Ukrainian	0	0	0	780	320	460
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	15	10	10
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	10	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Germanic languages	15	15	0	6,905	3,655	3,250
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	30	15	20
Dutch	10	0	0	790	425	365
Frisian	0	0	0	25	20	10
German	10	10	0	5,690	3,005	2,690
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	10	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	30	10	20
Swedish	0	0	0	55	15	35
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	10	10	10
Yiddish	0	0	0	20	0	20
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	240	155	80
Greek	0	0	0	405	240	165
Indo-Iranian languages	70	35	35	11,880	6,560	5,315
Indo-Aryan languages	70	30	35	9,205	4,900	4,310
Bengali	0	0	0	335	160	170
Gujarati	0	0	0	730	255	475
Hindi	0	0	0	800	380	415
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	30	10	20
Nepali	0	0	0	80	30	50
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	70	35	35	6,025	3,480	2,550
Sindhi	0	0	0	20	10	15
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	30	15	10
Urdu	0	0	0	1,150	555	600
Iranian languages	0	0	0	2,660	1,655	1,005
Kurdish	0	0	0	105	95	15
Pashto	0	0	0	20	10	15
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	2,530	1,555	975
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Italic (Romance) languages	15	0	10	12,680	7,505	5,170
Catalan	0	0	0	10	0	10
Italian	0	0	0	945	505	445
Portuguese	0	0	0	5,815	3,865	1,950
Romanian	0	0	0	300	140	160
Spanish	15	0	10	5,590	2,985	2,605
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	10	10
Japanese	10	10	0	1,010	360	655
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	15	0	10
Georgian	0	0	0	15	0	10
Korean	20	20	0	4,945	2,505	2,445
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	120	55	65
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	20	0	20
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	10	0
Ganda	0	0	0	25	15	15
Igbo	0	0	0	10	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	15	0	10
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	20	10	0
Wolof	0	0	0	10	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	10	0	10
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	20	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	810	295	515
American Sign Language	0	0	0	575	170	410
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	10	0	10
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	225	130	100
Sino-Tibetan languages	80	60	20	57,620	30,735	26,890
Chinese languages	80	60	15	57,535	30,690	26,840
Cantonese	50	35	10	26,955	14,190	12,770
Hakka	0	0	0	30	10	25
Mandarin	30	20	0	29,090	15,730	13,360
Min Dong	0	0	0	30	15	10
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	250	155	90
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	35	20	10
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	0	10	1,145	565	580
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	90	50	45
Burmese	0	0	0	10	10	10
Karenic languages	0	0	0	30	10	20
Tibetan	0	0	0	45	30	15
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	235	95	145
Lao	0	0	0	80	40	35
Thai	0	0	0	160	55	105
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	465	315	150
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	15	15	0
Turkish	0	0	0	440	295	140
Uyghur	0	0	0	10	10	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	10	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	420	205	220
Estonian	0	0	0	45	10	35
Finnish	0	0	0	75	25	50
Hungarian	0	0	0	295	165	130
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Multiple responses	190	70	115	144,405	67,215	77,185
English and French	45	30	15	63,665	26,760	36,900
English and non-official language	135	40	90	78,240	39,330	38,910
French and non-official language	0	0	0	175	75	100
English, French and non-official language	10	0	0	2,325	1,055	1,270
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	70,410	36,675	33,735	7,579,080	3,895,880	3,683,200
None	69,175	36,150	33,025	6,975,415	3,605,485	3,369,930
English	210	90	120	109,150	48,930	60,220
French	375	140	240	260,050	118,655	141,395
Non-official language	605	275	335	226,490	119,130	107,360
Aboriginal	75	25	50	5,970	2,480	3,490
Non-Aboriginal	535	250	285	220,520	116,650	103,870
English and French	0	0	0	245	100	150
English and non-official language	10	0	10	1,620	780	845
French and non-official language	35	30	15	6,080	2,780	3,300
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	35	25	10
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	119,840	59,525	60,315	13,106,990	6,403,470	6,703,520
Non-movers	100,460	49,900	50,560	11,475,985	5,603,290	5,872,695
Movers	19,380	9,625	9,755	1,631,005	800,180	830,820
Non-migrants	11,545	5,570	5,970	941,380	460,170	481,210
Migrants	7,840	4,055	3,780	689,625	340,015	349,610
Internal migrants	7,200	3,755	3,445	535,180	263,055	272,120
Intraprovincial migrants	5,440	2,855	2,585	467,890	229,080	238,810
Interprovincial migrants	1,760	900	865	67,290	33,980	33,315
External migrants	640	305	335	154,445	76,955	77,490
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	115,180	57,090	58,090	12,546,040	6,116,715	6,429,325
Non-movers	68,425	33,865	34,560	7,887,825	3,845,945	4,041,880
Movers	46,760	23,225	23,530	4,658,215	2,270,770	2,387,445
Non-migrants	25,050	12,395	12,650	2,545,875	1,238,055	1,307,820
Migrants	21,710	10,835	10,880	2,112,340	1,032,710	1,079,630
Internal migrants	19,435	9,680	9,750	1,562,375	761,630	800,740
Intraprovincial migrants	15,065	7,510	7,555	1,380,900	672,540	708,360
Interprovincial migrants	4,370	2,175	2,200	181,480	89,090	92,390
External migrants	2,275	1,155	1,125	549,965	271,080	278,885

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

^r

revised. The 2011 count for this area has been revised.

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Kamloops--Thompson--Cariboo [Federal electoral district], British Columbia and Ontario [Province] (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 5, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Kamloops--Thompson--Cariboo [Federal electoral district], British Columbia and Ontario [Province]

Census Profile, 2016 Census Kamloops--Thompson--Cariboo [Federal electoral district], British Columbia and Ontario [Province]

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How to cite

Census Profile, 2016 Census
Kamloops--Thompson--Cariboo [Federal electoral district], British Columbia and Ontario [Province]