Census Profile, 2016 Census
Oak Bay, District municipality [Census subdivision], British Columbia and Bonnyville [Population centre], Alberta

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Oak Bay, DM British Columbia [Census subdivision]			Bonnyville Alberta [Population centre]
	Data quality , Oak Bay, District municipality [Census subdivision], British Columbia Map : Oak Bay, District municipality [Census subdivision], British Columbia Change geography 1			Data quality : Bonnyville [Population centre], Alberta Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	18,094	...	...	5,081	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	18,015	...	...	5,860^r	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	0.4	...	...	-13.3	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	8,122	...	...	2,296	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	7,737	...	...	1,963	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	1,717.7	...	...	945.9	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	10.53	...	...	5.37	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	18,095	8,300	9,795	5,080	2,545	2,535
0 to 14 years	2,420	1,185	1,235	1,065	540	525
0 to 4 years	615	295	315	365	195	170
5 to 9 years	855	445	410	365	175	180
10 to 14 years	955	450	505	340	165	170
15 to 64 years	9,955	4,575	5,380	3,495	1,770	1,725
15 to 19 years	1,005	475	530	300	145	155
20 to 24 years	940	470	475	355	185	170
25 to 29 years	550	285	260	420	220	195
30 to 34 years	540	225	310	440	225	220
35 to 39 years	675	300	375	380	190	185
40 to 44 years	900	415	485	355	170	185
45 to 49 years	1,145	530	615	290	145	140
50 to 54 years	1,240	550	690	355	170	185
55 to 59 years	1,390	615	780	340	180	165
60 to 64 years	1,570	715	855	260	130	130
65 years and over	5,715	2,535	3,180	525	240	280
65 to 69 years	1,705	815	890	180	90	90
70 to 74 years	1,290	625	665	110	45	60
75 to 79 years	885	420	465	95	40	50
80 to 84 years	700	305	395	90	35	55
85 years and over	1,135	370	765	45	30	25
85 to 89 years	630	215	415	30	20	10
90 to 94 years	375	120	255	15	5	10
95 to 99 years	115	35	80	0	5	0
100 years and over	15	5	10	0	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	13.4	14.3	12.6	21.0	21.2	20.7
15 to 64 years	55.0	55.1	54.9	68.8	69.5	68.0
65 years and over	31.6	30.5	32.5	10.3	9.4	11.0
85 years and over	6.3	4.5	7.8	0.9	1.2	1.0
Average age of the population	49.2	48.0	50.2	36.2	35.7	36.6
Median age of the population	53.6	52.5	54.4	34.5	33.8	35.1
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	7,740	...	...	1,965	...	...
Single-detached house	4,900	...	...	1,410	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	310	...	...	0	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	2,525	...	...	370	...	...
Semi-detached house	105	...	...	140	...	...
Row house	115	...	...	50	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	575	...	...	20	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	1,725	...	...	160	...	...
Other single-attached house	10	...	...	0	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	0	...	...	190	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	7,735	...	...	1,960	...	...
1 person	2,385	...	...	445	...	...
2 persons	2,980	...	...	710	...	...
3 persons	950	...	...	310	...	...
4 persons	975	...	...	295	...	...
5 or more persons	445	...	...	200	...	...
Number of persons in private households	17,475	...	...	5,070	...	...
Average household size	2.3	...	...	2.6	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	15,675	7,110	8,560	4,015	2,010	2,010
Married or living common law	9,655	4,790	4,870	2,465	1,235	1,230
Married	8,680	4,300	4,380	1,930	970	960
Living common law	970	490	485	540	265	270
Not married and not living common law	6,015	2,325	3,690	1,550	770	780
Never married	3,365	1,615	1,745	1,055	610	445
Separated	305	150	155	95	45	55
Divorced	1,125	335	790	235	90	145
Widowed	1,225	225	1,005	165	35	130
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	5,205	...	...	1,460	...	...
2 persons	3,020	...	...	735	...	...
3 persons	900	...	...	310	...	...
4 persons	970	...	...	270	...	...
5 or more persons	315	...	...	140	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	5,205	...	...	1,460	...	...
Total couple families	4,650	...	...	1,215	...	...
Married couples	4,165	...	...	945	...	...
Common-law couples	485	...	...	270	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	550	...	...	245	...	...
Female parent	430	...	...	200	...	...
Male parent	125	...	...	50	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	4,655	...	...	1,215	...	...
Couples without children	2,670	...	...	590	...	...
Couples with children	1,985	...	...	625	...	...
1 child	735	...	...	245	...	...
2 children	935	...	...	250	...	...
3 or more children	305	...	...	135	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	550	...	...	245	...	...
1 child	345	...	...	145	...	...
2 children	165	...	...	70	...	...
3 or more children	35	...	...	30	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	3,240	1,175	2,065	820	455	365
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	7,740	...	...	1,965	...	...
One-census-family households	5,070	...	...	1,375	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	2,605	...	...	555	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	2,465	...	...	820	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	65	...	...	40	...	...
Non-census-family households	2,605	...	...	545	...	...
One-person households	2,385	...	...	450	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	220	...	...	100	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	17,745	8,200	9,545	5,080	2,550	2,530
English only	14,850	6,970	7,880	4,500	2,275	2,225
French only	5	5	5	0	0	5
English and French	2,795	1,190	1,610	555	265	290
Neither English nor French	95	45	55	20	10	15
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	17,745	8,200	9,545	5,075	2,550	2,530
English	17,345	8,035	9,315	4,765	2,395	2,365
French	255	110	150	290	140	150
English and French	50	20	30	5	5	5
Neither English nor French	95	45	55	20	10	15
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	280	120	165	290	145	145
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	1.6	1.5	1.7	5.7	5.7	5.7
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	17,745	8,200	9,550	5,080	2,550	2,530
Single responses	17,540	8,105	9,430	4,965	2,490	2,475
Official languages	15,570	7,280	8,285	4,445	2,260	2,180
English	15,315	7,180	8,140	4,130	2,110	2,020
French	250	110	145	315	150	165
Non-official languages	1,970	825	1,140	520	230	290
Aboriginal languages	5	0	5	30	5	20
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	25	10	20
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	25	5	15
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	5	0	5
Plains Cree	0	0	0	5	5	5
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	20	5	10
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	1,970	825	1,145	490	220	270
Afro-Asiatic languages	65	35	30	50	25	20
Berber languages	0	0	0	10	5	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	5
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	70	30	35	40	25	15
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	50	25	25	40	25	15
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	10	5	5	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10	5	10	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	10	5	10	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	90	15	70	140	45	90
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	10	5	5
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	5	0	0	5	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	5	0	5	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	75	15	60	130	45	85
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	5	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	1,050	450	600	255	120	135
Albanian	10	5	5	5	5	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	210	85	125	105	40	65
Baltic languages	5	5	5	0	0	0
Latvian	5	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	5	0	5	0	0	0
Slavic languages	200	80	120	110	45	65
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	15	5	5	0	0	0
Croatian	25	15	10	0	0	0
Czech	25	10	25	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	5	0	0	0	0
Polish	35	15	20	35	15	20
Russian	45	20	30	5	5	5
Serbian	5	5	0	5	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	5	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	10	0	5	5	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	5	5	0	0	0
Ukrainian	30	10	20	60	30	30
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	5	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0	0	0
Germanic languages	455	200	250	50	25	30
Afrikaans	25	15	10	25	10	15
Danish	40	20	20	0	0	0
Dutch	90	40	45	0	0	5
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	275	120	155	25	15	10
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	10	5	5	0	0	0
Swedish	10	0	10	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	5	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	20	10	5	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	125	55	65	50	30	20
Indo-Aryan languages	90	40	45	45	25	15
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	15	10	5	0	5	0
Hindi	10	5	5	5	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	5	5	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	50	25	25	15	10	5
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	5	0	15	5	5
Urdu	5	0	0	5	5	0
Iranian languages	45	20	25	5	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	5	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	40	15	25	5	5	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	225	85	140	40	15	20
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	55	25	30	0	0	0
Portuguese	30	10	20	5	0	0
Romanian	10	5	5	0	0	0
Spanish	120	45	80	35	10	20
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0	0	0
Japanese	80	25	55	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	70	25	45	25	15	15
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	10	5	5	0	5	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	5	0	5	0	0	0
Igbo	5	0	5	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	5	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	5	0	0	5	0	0
American Sign Language	5	0	5	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	5	0	5
Sino-Tibetan languages	515	235	285	15	5	5
Chinese languages	520	230	280	15	5	5
Cantonese	165	85	80	0	0	0
Hakka	5	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	330	140	190	5	5	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	5	5	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	5	0	5	5	5
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	5	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	5	5	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	5	10	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	10	0	10	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	10	5	0	5	5	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	5	5	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	45	25	15	5	0	0
Estonian	5	5	0	0	0	0
Finnish	10	5	5	0	0	0
Hungarian	30	20	15	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	210	95	115	115	60	60
English and French	50	20	25	25	15	20
English and non-official language	145	70	75	80	45	35
French and non-official language	10	5	5	5	0	5
English, French and non-official language	10	0	10	0	0	0
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	17,745	8,200	9,550	5,075	2,550	2,530
Single responses	17,455	8,075	9,375	4,900	2,465	2,430
Official languages	16,785	7,775	9,010	4,725	2,385	2,340
English	16,695	7,735	8,965	4,635	2,335	2,295
French	80	40	45	90	50	40
Non-official languages	675	300	370	175	85	90
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	0	0	5
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	5	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	670	300	370	175	85	90
Afro-Asiatic languages	25	15	10	25	10	15
Berber languages	0	0	0	5	5	5
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	5
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	25	10	10	20	15	10
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	20	10	10	20	15	5
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	5	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	20	10	15	35	10	20
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	5	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	20	5	15	30	15	20
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	230	105	120	75	35	40
Albanian	5	5	5	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	55	25	25	20	5	15
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	55	25	25	20	5	15
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	15	5	5	0	0	0
Czech	5	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	5	5	0	10	5	5
Russian	15	10	10	5	5	5
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	5	0	0	5	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	75	35	35	25	10	10
Afrikaans	10	5	5	20	10	15
Danish	5	5	5	0	0	0
Dutch	10	5	10	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	55	25	25	5	0	5
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	5	5	5	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	30	15	15	25	15	10
Indo-Aryan languages	15	10	10	20	10	10
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	5	0	5	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	5	5	5	10	5	5
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	5	0	10	5	10
Urdu	5	0	0	5	0	0
Iranian languages	10	5	5	5	5	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	5	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	10	10	5	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	60	20	35	10	0	5
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	5	5	5	0	0	0
Portuguese	10	5	5	0	0	0
Romanian	5	5	5	0	0	0
Spanish	35	10	25	10	5	5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	20	5	10	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	30	15	20	25	15	10
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	0	5	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	325	145	180	15	5	5
Chinese languages	325	145	180	10	10	5
Cantonese	75	35	35	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	250	105	145	5	5	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	5	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	5	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	5	0	5	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	5	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	10	5	5	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	10	5	5	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	295	125	170	180	80	100
English and French	30	15	20	15	10	10
English and non-official language	245	105	140	160	75	90
French and non-official language	5	5	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	10	5	10	5	0	5
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	17,745	8,200	9,550	5,080	2,550	2,530
None	16,335	7,610	8,720	4,625	2,350	2,275
English	370	170	200	120	50	70
French	290	110	185	150	70	80
Non-official language	725	295	425	185	80	100
Aboriginal	0	0	0	20	10	10
Non-Aboriginal	725	300	425	165	70	90
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	0	0	5	0	0	0
French and non-official language	15	10	10	5	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	5	0	0	0
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	15,050	6,930	8,120	4,005	2,005	2,000
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	14,525	6,675	7,855	3,870	1,950	1,915
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	47,068	58,663	39,940	46,011	67,029	32,366
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	14,545	6,690	7,855	3,870	1,950	1,915
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	40,934	49,920	34,921	40,640	55,851	29,781
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	13,895	6,395	7,500	3,645	1,895	1,750
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	41,961	53,427	34,192	45,554	67,328	31,168
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	10,005	4,055	5,950	2,100	765	1,340
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	8,386	10,563	7,309	4,568	5,672	4,256
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	9,825	4,775	5,050	3,235	1,720	1,515
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	31,002	37,446	26,645	46,322	66,464	32,000
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	15,050	6,910	8,145	4,005	2,015	1,990
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	14,510	6,640	7,870	3,905	1,960	1,940
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	73,614	95,874	54,823	58,226	77,565	38,665
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	14,525	6,660	7,870	3,910	1,965	1,945
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	56,432	69,538	45,340	47,380	61,362	33,271
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	13,915	6,385	7,540	3,655	1,885	1,770
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	70,678	93,949	50,975	57,826	77,265	37,113
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	10,020	4,005	6,015	2,145	815	1,330
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	8,425	9,296	7,845	7,441	8,054	7,064
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	9,825	4,750	5,070	3,235	1,715	1,520
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	54,969	69,587	41,272	56,010	73,282	36,574
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	15,055	6,910	8,145	4,005	2,010	1,990
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	3,470	1,885	1,585	1,550	930	620
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	73,000	83,672	65,733	63,817	81,199	46,894
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	90,984	105,945	73,188	72,176	86,073	51,168
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	92.0	94.0	89.4	93.2	96.4	87.1
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	53.6	57.3	48.4	80.5	83.6	74.0
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	8.0	6.0	10.7	6.8	4.0	12.8
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	15,055	6,930	8,125	4,010	2,005	2,005
Without total income	525	255	270	140	55	85
With total income	14,530	6,675	7,855	3,870	1,955	1,920
Percentage with total income	96.5	96.3	96.7	96.5	97.5	95.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,700	685	1,005	445	140	305
$10,000 to $19,999	1,780	670	1,110	440	150	285
$20,000 to $29,999	1,590	570	1,020	460	175	285
$30,000 to $39,999	1,285	490	795	385	115	275
$40,000 to $49,999	1,305	505	795	345	135	210
$50,000 to $59,999	1,060	475	580	310	155	155
$60,000 to $69,999	940	435	505	265	145	125
$70,000 to $79,999	855	425	430	215	135	80
$80,000 to $89,999	715	355	360	205	145	55
$90,000 to $99,999	555	305	245	160	130	35
$100,000 and over	2,745	1,755	995	630	525	110
$100,000 to $149,999	1,540	925	620	420	325	90
$150,000 and over	1,210	835	375	215	190	20
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	15,055	6,930	8,120	4,005	2,005	2,000
Without after-tax income	510	240	270	135	55	80
With after-tax income	14,545	6,690	7,855	3,870	1,955	1,915
Percentage with after-tax income	96.6	96.5	96.7	96.6	97.5	95.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,850	730	1,115	450	140	310
$10,000 to $19,999	1,890	715	1,175	460	160	300
$20,000 to $29,999	1,850	700	1,155	555	195	360
$30,000 to $39,999	1,565	600	965	445	160	280
$40,000 to $49,999	1,430	605	825	475	210	260
$50,000 to $59,999	1,210	570	640	330	200	135
$60,000 to $69,999	1,005	505	505	305	205	100
$70,000 to $79,999	900	460	440	245	180	60
$80,000 and over	2,840	1,805	1,035	615	505	105
$80,000 to $89,999	635	380	250	175	135	45
$90,000 to $99,999	450	270	180	125	105	20
$100,000 and over	1,755	1,155	605	315	270	45
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	15,050	6,930	8,120	4,005	2,005	2,000
Without employment income	5,225	2,155	3,070	770	280	485
With employment income	9,820	4,775	5,050	3,235	1,720	1,510
Percentage with employment income	65.2	68.9	62.2	80.8	85.8	75.5
Under $5,000 (including loss)	2,140	1,015	1,125	345	150	195
$5,000 to $9,999	800	355	445	195	75	120
$10,000 to $19,999	1,050	450	600	310	110	200
$20,000 to $29,999	825	345	485	285	90	205
$30,000 to $39,999	670	270	400	305	100	205
$40,000 to $49,999	595	210	380	275	110	165
$50,000 to $59,999	465	205	260	280	140	140
$60,000 to $69,999	445	190	260	230	130	100
$70,000 to $79,999	480	235	250	170	125	50
$80,000 and over	2,350	1,500	850	835	690	145
$80,000 to $89,999	440	220	220	160	120	35
$90,000 to $99,999	345	200	150	150	115	35
$100,000 and over	1,560	1,080	480	525	460	70
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	7,735	...	...	1,965	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	93,529	...	...	101,440	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	79,767	...	...	85,803	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	2,385	...	...	450	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	43,115	...	...	48,768	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	38,032	...	...	42,368	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	5,350	...	...	1,515	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	124,544	...	...	117,568	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	104,846	...	...	98,278	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	7,740	...	...	1,950	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	138,057	...	...	116,506	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	105,965	...	...	94,916	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	2,415	...	...	435	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	59,477	...	...	64,028	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	48,853	...	...	51,855	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	5,325	...	...	1,520	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	173,684	...	...	131,461	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	131,859	...	...	107,188	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	7,740	...	...	1,965	...	...
Under $5,000	145	...	...	15	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	75	...	...	15	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	140	...	...	20	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	240	...	...	30	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	280	...	...	80	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	220	...	...	50	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	240	...	...	55	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	220	...	...	55	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	235	...	...	50	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	250	...	...	50	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	450	...	...	110	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	455	...	...	110	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	395	...	...	105	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	405	...	...	105	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	340	...	...	115	...	...
$100,000 and over	3,640	...	...	1,005	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	795	...	...	240	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	655	...	...	220	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	905	...	...	300	...	...
$200,000 and over	1,290	...	...	235	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	7,735	...	...	1,960	...	...
Under $5,000	170	...	...	20	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	75	...	...	10	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	145	...	...	25	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	250	...	...	35	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	330	...	...	80	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	250	...	...	45	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	290	...	...	70	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	285	...	...	65	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	275	...	...	65	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	280	...	...	70	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	550	...	...	130	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	495	...	...	155	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	475	...	...	130	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	445	...	...	155	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	405	...	...	110	...	...
$100,000 and over	3,010	...	...	790	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	880	...	...	305	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	665	...	...	200	...	...
$150,000 and over	1,470	...	...	290	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	5,175	...	...	1,430	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	125,862	...	...	114,603	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	105,661	...	...	95,642	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	2,575	...	...	555	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	109,796	...	...	104,192	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	92,928	...	...	87,003	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	1,995	...	...	630	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	165,604	...	...	142,976	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	136,541	...	...	117,419	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	3.9	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	525	...	...	230	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	74,624	...	...	59,904	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	64,000	...	...	55,296	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.5	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	5,190	...	...	1,420	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	174,090	...	...	129,856	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	131,900	...	...	105,781	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	2,575	...	...	540	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	153,847	...	...	119,883	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	111,798	...	...	99,083	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	2,035	...	...	640	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	219,284	...	...	156,675	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	169,922	...	...	128,032	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	495	...	...	215	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	106,200	...	...	77,625	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	88,062	...	...	57,789	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	3,050	1,105	1,940	735	405	325
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	37,486	34,688	38,848	47,296	62,528	35,008
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	33,166	30,752	34,576	40,853	51,925	32,256
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	2,985	1,050	1,930	735	400	335
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	55,008	68,137	47,840	57,903	71,557	41,610
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	45,218	54,224	40,301	47,194	56,868	35,651
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	17,475	8,120	9,355	5,075	2,545	2,525
In the bottom half of the distribution	5,330	2,330	3,005	1,715	795	920
In the bottom decile	1,300	610	695	275	130	145
In the second decile	1,000	395	600	370	155	210
In the third decile	885	375	510	370	180	195
In the fourth decile	930	415	515	320	145	170
In the fifth decile	1,215	535	675	385	190	195
In the top half of the distribution	12,140	5,785	6,355	3,360	1,750	1,605
In the sixth decile	1,225	525	700	545	265	280
In the seventh decile	1,570	745	825	570	280	290
In the eighth decile	2,110	1,010	1,105	640	340	305
In the ninth decile	2,560	1,245	1,320	770	410	355
In the top decile	4,675	2,260	2,415	845	460	380
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	17,475	8,115	9,360	5,070	2,545	2,525
0 to 17 years	3,025	1,460	1,560	1,245	630	620
0 to 5 years	765	375	390	425	220	200
18 to 64 years	9,315	4,290	5,030	3,305	1,680	1,625
65 years and over	5,135	2,365	2,770	520	240	285
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	1,670	730	940	415	190	230
0 to 17 years	275	135	145	150	75	70
0 to 5 years	65	25	45	55	35	20
18 to 64 years	980	440	540	210	90	120
65 years and over	415	160	255	60	25	40
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	9.6	9.0	10.0	8.2	7.5	9.1
0 to 17 years (%)	9.1	9.2	9.3	12.0	11.9	11.3
0 to 5 years (%)	8.5	6.7	11.5	12.9	15.9	10.0
18 to 64 years (%)	10.5	10.3	10.7	6.4	5.4	7.4
65 years and over (%)	8.1	6.8	9.2	11.5	10.4	14.0
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	1,135	535	605	200	90	110
0 to 17 years	210	105	110	70	30	45
0 to 5 years	45	15	30	25	15	5
18 to 64 years	785	375	415	125	60	65
65 years and over	140	60	80	5	0	5
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	6.5	6.6	6.5	3.9	3.5	4.4
0 to 17 years (%)	6.9	7.2	7.1	5.6	4.8	7.3
0 to 5 years (%)	5.9	4.0	7.7	5.9	6.8	2.5
18 to 64 years (%)	8.4	8.7	8.3	3.8	3.6	4.0
65 years and over (%)	2.7	2.5	2.9	1.0	0.0	1.8
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	17,475	8,120	9,360	5,090	2,550	2,540
Official languages	17,380	8,070	9,305	5,065	2,545	2,520
English	17,375	8,070	9,305	5,060	2,540	2,520
French	2,775	1,180	1,600	565	265	300
Non-official languages	3,195	1,380	1,815	705	330	375
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	65	30	35
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	65	30	35
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	65	30	35
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	10	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	55	25	35
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	3,195	1,385	1,815	645	300	340
Afro-Asiatic languages	120	50	65	125	65	60
Berber languages	0	0	0	25	10	10
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	15	10
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	120	55	70	115	65	50
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	90	50	40	110	65	55
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	20	0	20	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	10	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	150	40	115	215	85	130
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	25	15	10
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	10	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	20	10	15
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	20	15	10	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	10	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	110	15	95	215	80	125
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	1,960	870	1,085	295	140	160
Albanian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	280	135	140	120	50	75
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	275	140	140	125	50	75
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	15	10	0	0	0	0
Croatian	40	20	20	10	0	0
Czech	75	30	45	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	50	35	15	25	10	15
Russian	90	40	50	0	0	0
Serbian	0	10	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	30	15	15	90	40	50
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	10	0	10	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	785	350	435	55	25	25
Afrikaans	40	25	10	35	20	15
Danish	90	50	40	0	0	0
Dutch	85	35	45	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	550	230	315	15	10	10
Icelandic	25	10	20	0	0	0
Norwegian	20	15	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	10	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	15	0	15	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	180	85	95	70	45	25
Indo-Aryan languages	120	65	55	55	35	20
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	20	0	10	0	0	0
Hindi	30	25	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	75	35	45	20	15	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	30	15	15
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	60	25	35	15	10	10
Kurdish	0	0	0	10	10	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	60	20	35	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	835	370	470	50	25	30
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	175	60	115	0	0	0
Portuguese	40	20	25	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	655	305	355	55	25	30
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	135	65	65	10	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	80	20	60	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	10	0	10	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	10	10	10	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	10	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	75	15	55	0	0	0
American Sign Language	50	20	30	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	25	0	30	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	720	330	385	0	0	0
Chinese languages	715	330	385	0	0	0
Cantonese	220	125	105	0	0	0
Hakka	0	10	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	540	235	305	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	10	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	30	15	15	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	10	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	15	0	10	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	15	0	10	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	10	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	45	25	20	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	15	10	10	10	0	0
Hungarian	30	25	10	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	17,475	8,115	9,360	5,090	2,550	2,540
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	16,390	7,640	8,745	4,785	2,415	2,370
Canadian citizens aged under 18	2,885	1,430	1,455	1,220	625	595
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	13,500	6,210	7,290	3,565	1,790	1,775
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	1,085	475	615	305	140	165
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	17,475	8,115	9,360	5,090	2,550	2,535
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	13,270	6,255	7,025	4,565	2,310	2,250
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	3,910	1,725	2,180	480	225	255
Before 1981	2,245	1,010	1,235	50	25	25
1981 to 1990	385	160	230	20	0	15
1991 to 2000	350	155	200	55	20	35
2001 to 2010	615	270	345	145	75	70
2001 to 2005	220	95	125	70	45	25
2006 to 2010	390	170	220	75	30	40
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	310	140	170	205	95	115
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	290	135	155	45	20	30
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	3,915	1,725	2,185	480	225	255
Under 5 years	380	185	195	45	20	20
5 to 14 years	705	285	425	115	50	65
15 to 24 years	890	395	495	65	35	30
25 to 44 years	1,550	660	890	205	85	115
45 years and over	380	200	180	50	25	25
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	3,910	1,730	2,185	480	220	255
Americas	685	270	415	60	20	40
Brazil	15	0	15	0	10	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0
El Salvador	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guyana	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	10	10	0
Mexico	45	25	15	10	0	15
Peru	0	0	0	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	15	10	10	0	0	0
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	510	205	305	25	10	15
Other places of birth in Americas	80	20	55	0	0	0
Europe	2,175	1,015	1,160	80	40	40
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatia	10	0	0	10	0	10
France	65	20	45	0	0	0
Germany	180	95	85	10	0	10
Greece	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungary	10	10	0	0	0	0
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	45	15	25	10	10	0
Italy	45	10	30	0	0	0
Netherlands	65	35	35	0	0	0
Poland	40	15	25	15	0	0
Portugal	0	0	10	0	0	0
Romania	10	10	0	0	0	0
Russian Federation	40	10	30	0	0	0
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukraine	25	15	15	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	1,390	640	755	50	20	30
Other places of birth in Europe	250	130	115	0	0	0
Africa	120	80	45	55	30	30
Algeria	0	0	0	20	10	10
Egypt	10	10	0	0	0	10
Ethiopia	10	10	10	0	0	0
Kenya	10	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	50	45	10	25	10	15
Other places of birth in Africa	35	15	25	0	0	0
Asia	815	310	510	275	130	140
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	280	120	165	0	0	0
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	55	30	20	10	0	0
India	55	30	25	0	0	0
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	55	20	30	0	0	0
Iraq	25	10	25	0	0	0
Japan	35	10	35	0	0	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	45	15	35	0	0	0
Lebanon	10	0	10	40	30	10
Pakistan	10	10	0	10	0	0
Philippines	85	10	80	170	70	100
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	35	15	15
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwan	60	20	40	0	0	0
Viet Nam	10	0	10	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	80	35	45	10	10	10
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	105	55	55	10	0	0
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	310	140	175	205	95	110
Americas	45	15	30	25	0	20
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	15	0	10
Mexico	0	0	0	10	0	10
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	40	15	25	0	0	0
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0
Europe	70	30	35	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germany	15	10	10	0	0	0
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian Federation	10	10	10	0	0	0
Ukraine	10	0	0	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	35	20	15	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	10	0	10	0	0	0
Africa	20	15	10	35	20	20
Algeria	0	0	0	25	10	10
Cameroon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	10	0	10
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	10	0	10	0	0	0
Asia	175	75	100	145	75	75
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	75	40	35	0	0	0
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	0	0	0	0	0	0
India	0	10	0	0	0	0
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iraq	10	10	0	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	10	0	0	0	0	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	10	0	10	0	0	0
Lebanon	10	0	0	10	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Philippines	50	0	45	110	55	50
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	35	20	15
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwan	15	10	0	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	17,475	8,120	9,360	5,090	2,550	2,535
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	4,600	2,055	2,540	545	250	290
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	4,595	2,070	2,525	520	235	285
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	8,280	3,990	4,290	4,020	2,065	1,955
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	1,735	750	985	425	195	230
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	995	460	535	275	135	140
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	465	280	190	85	50	35
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	535	180	350	190	85	110
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	645	260	385	130	50	80
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	75	30	45	25	15	10
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	20	0	20	0	0	0
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	17,475	8,115	9,360	5,090	2,550	2,535
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	255	110	150	660	325	335
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	235	95	135	660	325	335
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	110	35	75	255	100	155
Métis	120	60	65	400	225	180
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	15	0	10	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal identity	17,220	8,010	9,210	4,435	2,225	2,200
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	17,475	8,115	9,360	5,090	2,550	2,540
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	90	25	65	295	130	165
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	17,385	8,095	9,295	4,795	2,425	2,370
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	17,475	8,120	9,360	5,090	2,550	2,540
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	40	15	30	150	85	60
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	40	15	30	135	75	60
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	30	10	20	75	25	45
Métis single ancestry	10	0	10	60	50	15
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	0	0	0	15	10	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	0	0	0	15	10	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	435	180	265	595	315	280
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	435	175	255	550	295	260
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	220	95	125	230	95	140
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	210	80	130	315	190	120
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	10	10	0
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	10	0	10	40	15	25
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	35	15	25
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	16,995	7,930	9,065	4,345	2,155	2,190
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	17,475	8,115	9,360	5,090	2,555	2,535
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	1,865	805	1,060	490	205	280
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	285	160	125	55	35	25
Chinese	850	390	460	10	0	10
Black	55	25	30	30	15	10
Filipino	130	25	100	240	90	150
Latin American	95	30	65	25	0	25
Arab	65	30	35	110	65	45
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	60	30	30	0	0	0
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	50	15	25	0	0	0
Korean	105	35	70	0	0	0
Japanese	125	40	85	10	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	10	10	0	0	0	0
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	35	10	25	15	10	10
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	15,610	7,315	8,300	4,600	2,345	2,255
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	17,475	8,115	9,360	5,090	2,550	2,540
North American Aboriginal origins	480	190	290	745	400	345
First Nations (North American Indian)	260	105	155	360	140	215
Inuit	0	0	0	15	15	0
Métis	225	80	145	435	275	165
Other North American origins	4,090	1,990	2,100	1,545	795	755
Acadian	30	15	10	0	0	0
American	505	270	235	30	15	15
Canadian	3,650	1,755	1,895	1,520	770	745
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	20	10	15	0	10	0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ontarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Québécois	20	15	0	0	0	0
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	0	0	0	0	0	0
European origins	14,830	6,940	7,890	3,610	1,780	1,825
British Isles origins	12,010	5,695	6,320	2,065	1,050	1,025
Channel Islander	10	10	0	0	0	0
Cornish	35	30	0	10	0	0
English	8,150	3,855	4,300	1,155	570	580
Irish	4,190	1,845	2,345	900	465	435
Manx	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish	5,725	2,625	3,100	765	380	385
Welsh	875	405	470	80	30	40
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	785	385	400	50	20	25
French origins	1,810	785	1,020	1,330	670	660
Alsatian	0	10	0	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	10	0	0	0
Corsican	0	0	0	0	0	0
French	1,805	785	1,020	1,330	670	660
Western European origins (except French origins)	3,415	1,625	1,790	1,115	555	560
Austrian	275	155	120	50	15	30
Bavarian	20	0	20	0	0	0
Belgian	110	50	55	15	0	20
Dutch	705	320	385	210	110	95
Flemish	15	0	10	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	2,375	1,100	1,280	935	460	480
Luxembourger	10	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss	225	110	115	40	40	0
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	20	10	10	0	0	0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	1,740	835	905	420	170	250
Danish	390	185	205	45	15	25
Finnish	125	45	75	15	10	15
Icelandic	135	65	70	40	25	10
Norwegian	725	365	360	240	85	150
Swedish	545	260	285	95	40	55
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	55	20	35	10	0	0
Eastern European origins	2,315	1,060	1,250	1,015	505	510
Bulgarian	45	15	30	0	0	0
Byelorussian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Czech	125	55	70	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	10	10	10	10	10	0
Estonian	40	20	20	0	0	0
Hungarian	215	95	125	35	25	10
Latvian	40	15	25	0	0	0
Lithuanian	75	30	40	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	705	350	355	325	185	140
Romanian	70	15	55	35	15	20
Russian	495	235	260	80	45	35
Slovak	50	20	30	25	15	10
Ukrainian	860	405	455	750	345	405
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	10	10	10	0	0	0
Southern European origins	1,240	510	735	190	80	110
Albanian	0	0	10	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	125	50	75	20	0	20
Cypriot	10	0	10	0	0	0
Greek	100	45	50	0	0	0
Italian	645	290	355	120	70	50
Kosovar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	20	10	10
Montenegrin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	90	25	65	15	0	15
Serbian	65	40	30	0	0	0
Sicilian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Slovenian	40	25	15	0	0	0
Spanish	210	65	140	20	0	15
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	15	0	15	0	0	0
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other European origins	115	45	65	30	20	10
Basque	10	0	0	0	0	0
Jewish	90	35	55	20	10	10
Roma (Gypsy)	10	10	0	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	10	10	0	10	0	0
Caribbean origins	85	35	50	15	10	0
Antiguan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bahamian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Barbadian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Bermudan	15	0	15	0	0	0
Carib	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuban	20	0	20	0	0	0
Dominican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaican	25	15	10	20	10	10
Kittitian/Nevisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Martinican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montserratan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	0	0	0	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	15	10	0	0	0	0
Vincentian/Grenadinian	0	0	0	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins	200	105	100	55	15	35
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	0	0	10	0	0	0
Arawak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Belizean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bolivian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Brazilian	25	10	20	20	15	0
Chilean	25	10	15	0	0	0
Colombian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	10	10	0	0
Ecuadorian	20	10	15	0	0	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guyanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hispanic	10	0	0	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maya	10	0	0	0	0	0
Mexican	55	25	30	25	0	25
Nicaraguan	10	10	10	0	0	0
Panamanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Peruvian	30	20	15	0	0	0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	10	0	0	0	0	0
African origins	215	125	95	60	30	25
Central and West African origins	10	0	0	0	0	0
Akan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Angolan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ashanti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burkinabe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gabonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ibo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Liberian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malinké	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Peulh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sierra Leonean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Togolese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	0	0	0	0	0	0
North African origins	55	15	35	40	20	20
Algerian	0	0	0	25	10	15
Berber	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	30	0	20	15	10	0
Libyan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maure	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moroccan	15	10	10	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tunisian	10	0	10	0	0	0
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins	125	80	45	10	0	10
Afrikaner	35	20	15	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	10	0	0	0
Djiboutian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	10	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopian	10	10	10	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	10	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Seychellois	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
South African	85	60	20	10	10	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zulu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other African origins	40	20	15	0	0	10
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	10	0	0	0	0	0
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	40	25	15	0	0	0
Asian origins	1,940	855	1,080	440	195	250
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	290	125	170	120	70	50
Afghan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	0	0	0	10	0	0
Armenian	30	0	30	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hazara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian	105	50	55	0	0	0
Iraqi	25	10	15	0	0	0
Israeli	0	0	10	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kazakh	10	0	0	0	0	0
Kurd	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kuwaiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanese	55	25	25	105	60	45
Palestinian	20	10	0	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saudi Arabian	0	10	0	0	0	0
Syrian	20	10	10	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tatar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turk	20	10	10	15	10	10
Turkmen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uighur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	20	0	15	0	0	0
South Asian origins	310	175	135	60	35	25
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	10	0	10
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bhutanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
East Indian	235	130	105	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	15	10	10	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	10	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistani	10	0	0	25	20	0
Punjabi	20	15	0	25	15	0
Sinhalese	0	10	0	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	20	15	0	30	15	20
Tamil	25	15	10	0	0	0
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	0	0	0	0	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins	1,355	555	795	265	90	175
Burmese	10	0	10	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese	880	405	465	30	15	15
Filipino	160	45	115	245	85	155
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	20	10	15	0	0	0
Japanese	145	45	100	10	0	10
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	110	40	70	0	0	0
Laotian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malaysian	25	15	0	10	0	10
Mongolian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwanese	35	20	10	0	0	0
Thai	15	0	10	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	25	20	10	0	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other Asian origins	0	10	0	0	0	0
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oceania origins	185	90	100	15	10	10
Australian	95	45	50	15	0	10
New Zealander	40	20	20	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins	85	45	45	0	0	0
Fijian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Hawaiian	25	15	15	0	0	0
Maori	10	0	0	0	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	15	0	10	0	0	0
Samoan	15	10	10	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	7,735	...	...	1,950	...	...
Owner	5,905	...	...	1,500	...	...
Renter	1,830	...	...	455	...	...
Band housing	0	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	7,740	...	...	1,955	...	...
Condominium	875	...	...	105	...	...
Not condominium	6,865	...	...	1,850	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	7,735	...	...	1,950	...	...
No bedrooms	90	...	...	0	...	...
1 bedroom	1,125	...	...	75	...	...
2 bedrooms	1,840	...	...	305	...	...
3 bedrooms	1,905	...	...	595	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	2,780	...	...	975	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	7,735	...	...	1,955	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	1,770	...	...	270	...	...
5 rooms	830	...	...	355	...	...
6 rooms	790	...	...	275	...	...
7 rooms	775	...	...	285	...	...
8 or more rooms	3,570	...	...	765	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	7.1	...	...	7.0	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	7,740	...	...	1,955	...	...
One person or fewer per room	7,710	...	...	1,940	...	...
More than 1 person per room	25	...	...	15	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	7,735	...	...	1,955	...	...
Suitable	7,630	...	...	1,885	...	...
Not suitable	110	...	...	70	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	7,735	...	...	1,955	...	...
1960 or before	4,915	...	...	200	...	...
1961 to 1980	1,835	...	...	625	...	...
1981 to 1990	435	...	...	395	...	...
1991 to 2000	210	...	...	265	...	...
2001 to 2005	140	...	...	125	...	...
2006 to 2010	75	...	...	170	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	125	...	...	175	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	7,735	...	...	1,950	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	7,360	...	...	1,790	...	...
Major repairs needed	375	...	...	160	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	7,740	...	...	1,955	...	...
1 household maintainer	4,295	...	...	1,195	...	...
2 household maintainers	3,345	...	...	725	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	105	...	...	30	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	7,740	...	...	1,950	...	...
15 to 24 years	165	...	...	80	...	...
25 to 34 years	300	...	...	375	...	...
35 to 44 years	830	...	...	405	...	...
45 to 54 years	1,345	...	...	380	...	...
55 to 64 years	1,665	...	...	375	...	...
65 to 74 years	1,825	...	...	175	...	...
75 to 84 years	980	...	...	105	...	...
85 years and over	620	...	...	60	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	7,725	...	...	1,935	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	5,990	...	...	1,570	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	1,730	...	...	365	...	...
30% to less than 100%	1,395	...	...	305	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	5,905	...	...	1,495	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	39.6	...	...	68.8	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	14.1	...	...	13.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	918	...	...	1,540	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,522	...	...	1,534	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	899,972	...	...	350,172	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	1,074,011	...	...	359,935	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	1,830	...	...	450	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	10.1	...	...	8.9	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	49.7	...	...	36.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	982	...	...	1,202	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,199	...	...	1,280	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	15,055	6,910	8,140	4,000	2,010	1,990
No certificate, diploma or degree	1,190	530	665	845	465	380
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	3,185	1,405	1,780	1,100	500	600
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	10,675	4,975	5,700	2,060	1,050	1,010
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	630	410	220	550	430	120
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	290	125	165	150	100	50
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	345	285	60	395	330	65
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	2,195	880	1,315	920	375	545
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	415	130	285	145	40	100
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	7,440	3,565	3,875	445	205	240
Bachelor's degree	3,815	1,630	2,180	400	170	235
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	570	255	310	10	10	0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	450	340	120	15	15	0
Master's degree	2,000	965	1,035	20	10	10
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	600	380	225	0	0	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	7,935	3,585	4,355	2,825	1,450	1,375
No certificate, diploma or degree	200	115	85	390	230	155
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	1,170	570	600	705	340	365
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	6,565	2,905	3,670	1,730	880	850
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	375	230	145	435	355	80
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	175	70	105	115	75	35
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	205	160	40	325	280	45
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	1,300	530	765	805	325	480
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	215	80	140	105	20	75
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	4,680	2,065	2,615	390	175	210
Bachelor's degree	2,385	985	1,395	345	140	205
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	360	150	210	10	10	0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	305	210	100	15	15	0
Master's degree	1,355	585	770	15	15	0
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	270	140	135	0	0	0
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	15,050	6,910	8,145	4,005	2,010	1,995
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	4,375	1,930	2,445	1,940	960	985
Education	1,150	340	810	140	50	90
13. Education	1,155	340	815	140	50	95
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	525	180	340	30	10	25
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	10	15	0	10	10	0
50. Visual and performing arts	510	170	345	25	10	25
Humanities	910	345	565	75	35	40
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	105	25	80	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	330	95	235	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	105	40	65	20	10	10
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	10	10	10	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	90	60	35	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	15	10	10	40	15	20
54. History	220	110	110	20	10	10
55. French language and literature/letters	35	0	35	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,915	870	1,050	95	20	75
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	35	15	20	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	110	30	85	0	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	145	0	140	50	0	45
22. Legal professions and studies	340	205	135	10	0	10
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	10	10	10	0	0	0
42. Psychology	360	140	220	15	10	10
45. Social sciences	910	465	450	10	10	10
Business, management and public administration	1,860	865	995	365	100	260
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	185	45	145	30	0	25
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,675	820	855	330	95	230
Physical and life sciences and technologies	570	320	250	20	15	10
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	220	90	135	0	0	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	105	55	55	10	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	0	0	0	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	230	170	55	10	10	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	20	10	10	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	355	250	95	55	20	35
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	235	190	50	45	20	20
25. Library science	50	10	35	15	0	10
27. Mathematics and statistics	50	40	15	10	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	15	10	10	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	1,070	975	100	710	655	60
04. Architecture and related services	125	85	40	0	0	0
14. Engineering	330	305	25	35	30	0
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	250	230	15	95	95	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	10	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	190	190	0	190	170	20
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	120	115	10	305	280	25
48. Precision production	55	50	10	90	85	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	195	140	55	65	35	30
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	60	40	20	30	10	15
03. Natural resources and conservation	130	95	35	35	25	15
Health and related fields	1,860	550	1,315	350	45	310
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	115	50	65	10	10	0
51. Health professions and related programs	1,570	355	1,215	335	30	310
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	180	145	30	0	10	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	265	155	115	145	60	85
12. Personal and culinary services	130	35	95	80	20	60
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	20	20	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	10	0	10	0	0
43. Security and protective services	35	25	10	15	0	10
49. Transportation and materials moving	80	70	10	45	35	15
Other	0	0	0	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	7,935	3,580	4,350	2,820	1,450	1,375
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	1,370	680	685	1,095	565	525
Education	605	155	445	105	35	70
13. Education	605	155	445	110	35	75
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	370	135	240	30	0	20
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	10	0	0	10	10	0
50. Visual and performing arts	365	125	235	20	0	15
Humanities	495	175	320	55	20	35
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	65	10	55	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	165	40	125	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	65	20	45	20	0	10
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	10	10	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	50	30	20	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	10	25	15	15
54. History	135	65	65	10	0	10
55. French language and literature/letters	0	0	0	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,230	525	715	90	15	65
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	20	0	10	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	95	30	70	10	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	85	0	85	50	0	50
22. Legal professions and studies	205	110	95	10	0	10
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	15	0	0	0	0	0
42. Psychology	200	80	125	15	10	10
45. Social sciences	610	290	320	10	0	0
Business, management and public administration	1,175	520	655	335	95	240
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	10	0	10
44. Public administration and social service professions	120	30	85	30	10	25
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,055	490	570	300	85	210
Physical and life sciences and technologies	295	150	150	20	15	10
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	105	30	80	0	0	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	50	30	15	10	10	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	0	0	0	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	135	85	50	10	10	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	10	0	10	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	255	175	80	45	20	25
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	190	145	45	35	20	20
25. Library science	30	10	25	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	25	10	10	0	0	10
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	10	10	0	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	615	540	70	610	560	50
04. Architecture and related services	95	55	35	10	0	0
14. Engineering	170	150	20	25	20	0
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	125	120	10	85	85	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	125	125	0	170	160	10
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	55	50	0	250	230	20
48. Precision production	45	40	10	70	70	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	120	70	55	55	25	30
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	45	25	25	15	0	10
03. Natural resources and conservation	75	45	30	35	25	15
Health and related fields	1,210	370	845	265	30	235
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	90	35	55	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs	1,010	245	770	265	30	235
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	115	90	25	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	190	90	100	130	55	75
12. Personal and culinary services	95	15	80	70	15	50
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	10	10	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	10	0	0
43. Security and protective services	30	20	10	15	0	10
49. Transportation and materials moving	55	45	10	45	35	15
Other	0	0	0	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	0	0	0	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	15,050	6,910	8,140	4,005	2,015	1,990
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	4,375	1,935	2,445	1,945	965	985
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	10,680	4,980	5,695	2,065	1,050	1,010
Location of study inside Canada	8,495	3,915	4,575	1,840	955	885
Same as province or territory of residence	5,435	2,485	2,950	1,410	790	620
Different than province or territory of residence	3,060	1,435	1,630	430	170	265
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	2,185	1,060	1,120	220	90	125
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	750	395	360	20	15	10
Philippines	70	10	55	125	40	80
India	10	0	0	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	680	340	340	15	10	0
China^{Census data footnote 162}	125	55	65	0	0	0
France	20	0	15	0	0	0
Other	530	250	280	60	35	25
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	7,935	3,585	4,355	2,820	1,445	1,375
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	1,370	680	685	1,095	570	525
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	6,570	2,900	3,665	1,730	885	850
Location of study inside Canada	5,410	2,425	2,990	1,535	800	730
Same as province or territory of residence	3,675	1,645	2,030	1,135	655	485
Different than province or territory of residence	1,730	780	955	390	150	250
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	1,160	480	680	200	80	115
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	370	165	205	15	10	0
Philippines	60	0	60	110	30	75
India	10	10	0	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	225	105	120	15	0	10
China^{Census data footnote 162}	115	55	65	0	0	0
France	10	0	10	0	0	0
Other	370	155	220	60	35	25
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	15,055	6,910	8,145	4,005	2,015	1,990
In the labour force	8,250	4,025	4,225	2,970	1,590	1,385
Employed	7,810	3,760	4,050	2,650	1,380	1,270
Unemployed	440	260	175	320	210	110
Not in the labour force	6,805	2,890	3,915	1,030	420	610
Participation rate	54.8	58.2	51.9	74.2	78.9	69.6
Employment rate	51.9	54.4	49.7	66.2	68.5	63.8
Unemployment rate	5.3	6.5	4.1	10.8	13.2	7.9
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	15,055	6,910	8,145	4,005	2,010	1,995
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	6,075	2,525	3,545	825	310	510
Worked	8,975	4,380	4,590	3,180	1,695	1,485
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	3,665	2,030	1,635	1,590	965	635
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	5,310	2,355	2,960	1,585	740	850
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.7	41.6	39.9	42.7	44.0	41.2
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	8,250	4,025	4,225	2,975	1,590	1,380
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	90	35	45	40	25	15
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	8,165	3,985	4,175	2,935	1,560	1,370
Employee	6,410	2,925	3,490	2,635	1,355	1,275
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	1,750	1,065	690	295	205	95
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	8,255	4,025	4,230	2,970	1,590	1,385
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	85	40	50	40	30	15
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	8,165	3,985	4,175	2,930	1,565	1,365
0 Management occupations	1,145	670	475	160	100	60
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	1,440	510	930	465	85	380
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	650	520	125	85	45	40
3 Health occupations	990	380	610	205	25	180
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	1,445	575	875	240	100	145
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	495	175	325	50	15	30
6 Sales and service occupations	1,470	680	790	685	245	445
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	380	360	15	670	620	50
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	85	70	20	240	215	25
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	60	50	10	120	110	10
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	8,250	4,020	4,225	2,975	1,595	1,380
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	90	35	50	40	25	15
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	8,165	3,985	4,180	2,935	1,565	1,365
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	10	0	10	30	25	10
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	35	20	10	630	510	120
22 Utilities	0	10	10	25	20	0
23 Construction	285	275	20	285	230	55
31-33 Manufacturing	170	100	65	75	50	20
41 Wholesale trade	135	100	35	55	30	20
44-45 Retail trade	690	310	380	270	120	145
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	175	130	45	135	115	25
51 Information and cultural industries	195	105	90	15	0	0
52 Finance and insurance	360	195	165	70	10	65
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	310	190	125	60	30	30
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	1,080	750	330	130	50	80
55 Management of companies and enterprises	25	10	15	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	225	140	85	85	40	50
61 Educational services	1,075	410	660	175	55	115
62 Health care and social assistance	1,440	400	1,035	340	50	290
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	255	110	140	25	10	15
72 Accommodation and food services	555	225	325	270	110	160
81 Other services (except public administration)	305	110	195	155	65	90
91 Public administration	820	390	430	105	40	60
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	7,810	3,765	4,050	2,650	1,375	1,275
Worked at home	1,080	520	560	110	25	80
Worked outside Canada	65	45	20	0	0	0
No fixed workplace address	675	460	215	545	425	115
Worked at usual place	5,990	2,735	3,250	2,000	930	1,075
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	5,985	2,735	3,250	2,000	930	1,075
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	760	290	470	1,640	730	915
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	5,020	2,320	2,700	280	135	140
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	155	90	70	55	45	10
Commute to a different province or territory	55	40	15	25	20	10
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	6,665	3,195	3,465	2,545	1,355	1,190
Car, truck, van - as a driver	4,110	2,095	2,015	2,100	1,130	970
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	350	100	250	180	100	75
Public transit	590	210	375	20	20	0
Walked	625	200	425	220	80	145
Bicycle	800	465	335	10	0	0
Other method	185	110	70	15	10	10
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	6,660	3,195	3,470	2,545	1,350	1,190
Less than 15 minutes	2,565	1,150	1,415	1,460	660	800
15 to 29 minutes	2,960	1,450	1,505	390	175	215
30 to 44 minutes	840	440	405	265	160	105
45 to 59 minutes	155	65	95	190	155	35
60 minutes and over	140	90	50	235	205	35
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	6,660	3,190	3,470	2,545	1,355	1,190
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	145	85	60	300	245	60
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	645	390	265	480	350	135
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	1,885	1,005	880	670	375	295
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	2,075	900	1,175	535	145	390
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	1,170	525	645	160	40	120
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	735	295	440	400	205	195
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	9,250	4,505	4,740	3,220	1,705	1,515
Single responses	9,200	4,490	4,710	3,215	1,700	1,515
Official languages	9,165	4,475	4,695	3,210	1,695	1,510
English	9,120	4,470	4,655	3,190	1,685	1,505
French	45	10	40	20	0	10
Non-official languages	30	20	15	10	10	0
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	30	15	15	0	10	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	10	10	0
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	10	10	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	15	0	10	0	0	0
American Sign Language	15	10	10	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	20	10	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages	20	10	10	0	0	0
Cantonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	15	10	0	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	50	15	30	0	10	0
English and French	10	0	0	10	0	0
English and non-official language	40	10	30	0	0	0
French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	9,250	4,505	4,740	3,220	1,705	1,515
None	8,875	4,335	4,535	3,085	1,650	1,435
English	40	10	40	10	10	0
French	165	80	85	90	30	60
Non-official language	155	80	75	40	20	20
Aboriginal	0	10	0	10	10	0
Non-Aboriginal	150	70	80	25	15	15
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language	20	10	10	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	17,375	8,050	9,325	5,015	2,500	2,515
Non-movers	15,300	7,075	8,220	4,115	2,110	2,005
Movers	2,080	975	1,105	895	390	510
Non-migrants	1,215	550	660	575	240	335
Migrants	865	425	440	320	150	175
Internal migrants	680	320	360	270	140	135
Intraprovincial migrants	370	165	205	215	110	105
Interprovincial migrants	315	155	155	55	30	30
External migrants	185	105	80	45	10	40
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	16,900	7,820	9,080	4,730	2,345	2,385
Non-movers	10,985	5,120	5,865	2,510	1,295	1,210
Movers	5,915	2,700	3,215	2,220	1,045	1,175
Non-migrants	3,135	1,370	1,760	1,205	585	615
Migrants	2,780	1,330	1,450	1,020	460	555
Internal migrants	2,060	995	1,065	830	395	435
Intraprovincial migrants	1,240	585	655	570	260	310
Interprovincial migrants	820	415	405	260	130	125
External migrants	725	335	385	190	70	120

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

^r

revised. The 2011 count for this area has been revised.

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 35 referrer

Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 36 referrer

Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Oak Bay, DM [Census subdivision], British Columbia and Bonnyville [Population centre], Alberta (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 5, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Oak Bay, District municipality [Census subdivision], British Columbia and Bonnyville [Population centre], Alberta

Census Profile, 2016 Census Oak Bay, District municipality [Census subdivision], British Columbia and Bonnyville [Population centre], Alberta

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Oak Bay, District municipality [Census subdivision], British Columbia and Bonnyville [Population centre], Alberta