Census Profile, 2016 Census
Oak Bay, District municipality [Census subdivision], British Columbia and Long Range Mountains [Federal electoral district], Newfoundland and Labrador

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Oak Bay, DM British Columbia [Census subdivision]			Long Range Mountains Newfoundland and Labrador [Federal electoral district]
	Data quality , Oak Bay, District municipality [Census subdivision], British Columbia Map : Oak Bay, District municipality [Census subdivision], British Columbia Change geography 1			Data quality : Long Range Mountains [Federal electoral district], Newfoundland and Labrador Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	18,094	...	...	86,553	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	18,015	...	...	87,592	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	0.4	...	...	-1.2	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	8,122	...	...	46,159	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	7,737	...	...	37,779	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	1,717.7	...	...	2.3	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	10.53	...	...	37,967.03	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	18,095	8,300	9,795	86,555	42,055	44,495
0 to 14 years	2,420	1,185	1,235	11,065	5,660	5,405
0 to 4 years	615	295	315	3,180	1,645	1,535
5 to 9 years	855	445	410	3,840	2,000	1,835
10 to 14 years	955	450	505	4,050	2,015	2,035
15 to 64 years	9,955	4,575	5,380	55,410	26,865	28,545
15 to 19 years	1,005	475	530	4,320	2,205	2,120
20 to 24 years	940	470	475	3,980	2,025	1,955
25 to 29 years	550	285	260	3,660	1,800	1,860
30 to 34 years	540	225	310	3,865	1,835	2,030
35 to 39 years	675	300	375	4,270	1,920	2,355
40 to 44 years	900	415	485	5,275	2,515	2,760
45 to 49 years	1,145	530	615	6,390	3,040	3,350
50 to 54 years	1,240	550	690	7,570	3,635	3,935
55 to 59 years	1,390	615	780	7,990	3,935	4,060
60 to 64 years	1,570	715	855	8,095	3,965	4,130
65 years and over	5,715	2,535	3,180	20,075	9,525	10,550
65 to 69 years	1,705	815	890	7,200	3,600	3,595
70 to 74 years	1,290	625	665	5,170	2,490	2,675
75 to 79 years	885	420	465	3,435	1,665	1,770
80 to 84 years	700	305	395	2,340	1,050	1,290
85 years and over	1,135	370	765	1,935	720	1,215
85 to 89 years	630	215	415	1,295	525	770
90 to 94 years	375	120	255	490	170	320
95 to 99 years	115	35	80	135	30	110
100 years and over	15	5	10	15	0	10
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	13.4	14.3	12.6	12.8	13.5	12.1
15 to 64 years	55.0	55.1	54.9	64.0	63.9	64.2
65 years and over	31.6	30.5	32.5	23.2	22.6	23.7
85 years and over	6.3	4.5	7.8	2.2	1.7	2.7
Average age of the population	49.2	48.0	50.2	46.5	45.9	47.0
Median age of the population	53.6	52.5	54.4	50.3	50.1	50.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	7,740	...	...	37,780	...	...
Single-detached house	4,900	...	...	30,845	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	310	...	...	130	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	2,525	...	...	6,375	...	...
Semi-detached house	105	...	...	1,345	...	...
Row house	115	...	...	1,090	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	575	...	...	1,815	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	1,725	...	...	2,000	...	...
Other single-attached house	10	...	...	125	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	0	...	...	435	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	7,735	...	...	37,775	...	...
1 person	2,385	...	...	9,855	...	...
2 persons	2,980	...	...	16,040	...	...
3 persons	950	...	...	6,255	...	...
4 persons	975	...	...	4,195	...	...
5 or more persons	445	...	...	1,440	...	...
Number of persons in private households	17,475	...	...	85,170	...	...
Average household size	2.3	...	...	2.3	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	15,675	7,110	8,560	75,485	36,395	39,090
Married or living common law	9,655	4,790	4,870	47,210	23,610	23,605
Married	8,680	4,300	4,380	39,600	19,810	19,795
Living common law	970	490	485	7,610	3,800	3,810
Not married and not living common law	6,015	2,325	3,690	28,275	12,790	15,490
Never married	3,365	1,615	1,745	16,920	9,045	7,875
Separated	305	150	155	1,480	665	815
Divorced	1,125	335	790	4,000	1,745	2,260
Widowed	1,225	225	1,005	5,875	1,335	4,540
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	5,205	...	...	27,615	...	...
2 persons	3,020	...	...	16,945	...	...
3 persons	900	...	...	6,055	...	...
4 persons	970	...	...	3,735	...	...
5 or more persons	315	...	...	875	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	5,205	...	...	27,615	...	...
Total couple families	4,650	...	...	23,240	...	...
Married couples	4,165	...	...	19,440	...	...
Common-law couples	485	...	...	3,805	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	550	...	...	4,370	...	...
Female parent	430	...	...	3,525	...	...
Male parent	125	...	...	845	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	4,655	...	...	23,240	...	...
Couples without children	2,670	...	...	14,075	...	...
Couples with children	1,985	...	...	9,170	...	...
1 child	735	...	...	4,900	...	...
2 children	935	...	...	3,455	...	...
3 or more children	305	...	...	815	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	550	...	...	4,370	...	...
1 child	345	...	...	2,875	...	...
2 children	165	...	...	1,150	...	...
3 or more children	35	...	...	350	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	3,240	1,175	2,065	13,590	6,130	7,455
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	7,740	...	...	37,780	...	...
One-census-family households	5,070	...	...	26,315	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	2,605	...	...	13,515	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	2,465	...	...	12,800	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	65	...	...	645	...	...
Non-census-family households	2,605	...	...	10,820	...	...
One-person households	2,385	...	...	9,855	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	220	...	...	965	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	17,745	8,200	9,545	85,865	41,760	44,105
English only	14,850	6,970	7,880	82,795	40,490	42,300
French only	5	5	5	5	0	5
English and French	2,795	1,190	1,610	3,040	1,255	1,785
Neither English nor French	95	45	55	35	15	20
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	17,745	8,200	9,545	85,870	41,760	44,110
English	17,345	8,035	9,315	85,335	41,485	43,850
French	255	110	150	475	250	225
English and French	50	20	30	40	15	20
Neither English nor French	95	45	55	20	15	15
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	280	120	165	490	260	230
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	1.6	1.5	1.7	0.6	0.6	0.5
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	17,745	8,200	9,550	85,865	41,760	44,105
Single responses	17,540	8,105	9,430	85,670	41,670	43,995
Official languages	15,570	7,280	8,285	85,050	41,355	43,690
English	15,315	7,180	8,140	84,485	41,065	43,420
French	250	110	145	565	290	275
Non-official languages	1,970	825	1,140	620	315	305
Aboriginal languages	5	0	5	15	5	10
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	10	5	5
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	5	5	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	5	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	5	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	5	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	5	5	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	10	5	10
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	10	0	10
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	1,970	825	1,145	600	310	295
Afro-Asiatic languages	65	35	30	80	45	35
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	70	30	35	75	45	35
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	50	25	25	75	40	35
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	10	5	5	5	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	5	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10	5	10	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	10	5	10	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	90	15	70	80	30	50
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	15	5	10
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	5	0	0	5	0	5
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	5	0	5	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	75	15	60	60	20	35
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	5	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	5	0	0	25	15	10
Kannada	0	0	5	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	5	5	5
Tamil	0	0	0	15	5	5
Telugu	0	0	0	5	5	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	1,050	450	600	295	160	130
Albanian	10	5	5	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	210	85	125	50	25	25
Baltic languages	5	5	5	0	0	0
Latvian	5	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	5	0	5	0	0	0
Slavic languages	200	80	120	50	20	30
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	15	5	5	5	5	5
Croatian	25	15	10	0	0	0
Czech	25	10	25	5	5	5
Macedonian	0	5	0	0	0	5
Polish	35	15	20	15	10	10
Russian	45	20	30	10	5	5
Serbian	5	5	0	5	5	5
Serbo-Croatian	5	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	10	0	5	0	0	5
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	5	5	5	0	0
Ukrainian	30	10	20	5	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	5	0	0	0	5	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	5	5	0
Welsh	0	0	5	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0	0	0
Germanic languages	455	200	250	90	50	40
Afrikaans	25	15	10	15	5	10
Danish	40	20	20	5	0	0
Dutch	90	40	45	15	10	5
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	275	120	155	55	35	20
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	10	5	5	5	5	0
Swedish	10	0	10	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	5	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	20	10	5	5	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	125	55	65	90	50	40
Indo-Aryan languages	90	40	45	85	45	40
Bengali	0	0	0	10	0	5
Gujarati	15	10	5	0	0	0
Hindi	10	5	5	10	10	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	50	25	25	35	20	15
Sindhi	0	0	0	5	0	5
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	5	0	0	0	5
Urdu	5	0	0	25	15	15
Iranian languages	45	20	25	5	5	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	40	15	25	5	0	5
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	225	85	140	55	30	25
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	55	25	30	5	5	0
Portuguese	30	10	20	10	5	0
Romanian	10	5	5	5	5	5
Spanish	120	45	80	35	20	15
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0	0	0
Japanese	80	25	55	5	5	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	70	25	45	0	5	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	10	5	5	5	5	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	5	0	5	0	0	0
Igbo	5	0	5	0	5	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	5	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	5	0	0	15	5	10
American Sign Language	5	0	5	5	0	5
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	10	5	10
Sino-Tibetan languages	515	235	285	75	40	35
Chinese languages	520	230	280	75	40	30
Cantonese	165	85	80	40	20	15
Hakka	5	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	330	140	190	20	10	10
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	5	5	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	5	0	10	5	5
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	5	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	5	5	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	5	10	5	0	5
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	10	0	10	0	0	5
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	10	5	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	5	5	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	45	25	15	25	5	15
Estonian	5	5	0	5	5	5
Finnish	10	5	5	5	0	5
Hungarian	30	20	15	15	0	15
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	210	95	115	205	90	110
English and French	50	20	25	115	45	70
English and non-official language	145	70	75	85	45	40
French and non-official language	10	5	5	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	10	0	10	0	5	0
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	17,745	8,200	9,550	85,865	41,765	44,105
Single responses	17,455	8,075	9,375	85,605	41,635	43,970
Official languages	16,785	7,775	9,010	85,320	41,485	43,830
English	16,695	7,735	8,965	85,160	41,410	43,750
French	80	40	45	160	80	80
Non-official languages	675	300	370	290	145	135
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	5	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	670	300	370	285	150	140
Afro-Asiatic languages	25	15	10	40	20	20
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	25	10	10	35	20	20
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	20	10	10	35	15	20
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	5	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	5	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	20	10	15	40	15	20
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	10	5	5
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	5	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	20	5	15	30	15	15
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	15	10	5
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	5	0
Tamil	0	0	0	10	5	5
Telugu	0	0	0	0	5	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	230	105	120	110	55	55
Albanian	5	5	5	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	55	25	25	25	10	15
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	55	25	25	25	10	15
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	5	0	0
Croatian	15	5	5	0	0	0
Czech	5	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	5	5	0	5	5	0
Russian	15	10	10	5	5	5
Serbian	0	0	0	5	0	5
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	5	0	0	5	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	75	35	35	15	5	10
Afrikaans	10	5	5	10	0	10
Danish	5	5	5	0	0	0
Dutch	10	5	10	0	0	5
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	55	25	25	5	5	5
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	5	5	5	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	30	15	15	55	30	25
Indo-Aryan languages	15	10	10	50	30	25
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	5	0	5	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	5	5	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	5	5	5	25	15	10
Sindhi	0	0	0	5	5	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	5	0	0	0	0
Urdu	5	0	0	15	10	10
Iranian languages	10	5	5	5	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	10	10	5	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	60	20	35	15	10	10
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	5	5	5	0	0	0
Portuguese	10	5	5	0	0	0
Romanian	5	5	5	0	0	0
Spanish	35	10	25	15	10	5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	20	5	10	5	0	5
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	30	15	20	5	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	5	5	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	5	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	5	5	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	30	10	20
American Sign Language	0	0	0	5	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	0	5	25	10	15
Sino-Tibetan languages	325	145	180	40	25	20
Chinese languages	325	145	180	40	20	20
Cantonese	75	35	35	25	15	15
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	250	105	145	10	5	5
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	5	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	5	5
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	5	0	5	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	5	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	10	5	5	10	5	5
Estonian	0	0	0	5	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	10	5	5	5	0	5
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	295	125	170	265	125	135
English and French	30	15	20	70	30	40
English and non-official language	245	105	140	190	95	95
French and non-official language	5	5	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	10	5	10	0	5	0
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	17,745	8,200	9,550	85,870	41,760	44,110
None	16,335	7,610	8,720	84,935	41,330	43,605
English	370	170	200	195	100	95
French	290	110	185	490	215	280
Non-official language	725	295	425	235	115	125
Aboriginal	0	0	0	35	15	20
Non-Aboriginal	725	300	425	205	100	105
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	0	0	5	0	0	0
French and non-official language	15	10	10	5	0	5
English, French and non-official language	0	0	5	0	0	0
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	15,050	6,930	8,120	74,115	35,830	38,285
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	14,525	6,675	7,855	71,455	34,690	36,765
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	47,068	58,663	39,940	28,123	35,760	23,115
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	14,545	6,690	7,855	71,470	34,690	36,780
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	40,934	49,920	34,921	25,859	32,040	21,822
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	13,895	6,395	7,500	56,370	28,775	27,590
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	41,961	53,427	34,192	25,416	32,286	20,226
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	10,005	4,055	5,950	58,090	26,840	31,245
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	8,386	10,563	7,309	11,159	12,961	9,585
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	9,825	4,775	5,050	46,820	23,995	22,820
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	31,002	37,446	26,645	25,565	33,216	20,416
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	15,050	6,910	8,145	74,090	35,800	38,290
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	14,510	6,640	7,870	71,500	34,690	36,805
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	73,614	95,874	54,823	38,151	46,673	30,118
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	14,525	6,660	7,870	71,520	34,695	36,820
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	56,432	69,538	45,340	32,366	38,680	26,415
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	13,915	6,385	7,540	56,345	28,685	27,660
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	70,678	93,949	50,975	37,163	45,297	28,727
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	10,020	4,005	6,015	58,155	26,970	31,185
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	8,425	9,296	7,845	10,897	11,859	10,066
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	9,825	4,750	5,070	46,785	23,990	22,790
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	54,969	69,587	41,272	37,748	46,032	29,026
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	15,055	6,910	8,145	74,090	35,800	38,290
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	3,470	1,885	1,585	16,655	8,145	8,505
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	73,000	83,672	65,733	49,882	58,198	43,110
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	90,984	105,945	73,188	58,126	67,407	49,239
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	92.0	94.0	89.4	76.8	80.3	71.7
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	53.6	57.3	48.4	64.5	67.8	59.7
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	8.0	6.0	10.7	23.2	19.7	28.3
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	15,055	6,930	8,125	74,115	35,825	38,290
Without total income	525	255	270	2,655	1,135	1,520
With total income	14,530	6,675	7,855	71,455	34,690	36,765
Percentage with total income	96.5	96.3	96.7	96.4	96.8	96.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,700	685	1,005	9,135	3,340	5,800
$10,000 to $19,999	1,780	670	1,110	15,715	6,060	9,645
$20,000 to $29,999	1,590	570	1,020	12,930	5,140	7,785
$30,000 to $39,999	1,285	490	795	9,310	4,670	4,640
$40,000 to $49,999	1,305	505	795	6,910	3,820	3,090
$50,000 to $59,999	1,060	475	580	4,465	2,780	1,690
$60,000 to $69,999	940	435	505	3,385	2,175	1,210
$70,000 to $79,999	855	425	430	2,380	1,495	885
$80,000 to $89,999	715	355	360	2,080	1,230	845
$90,000 to $99,999	555	305	245	1,545	960	590
$100,000 and over	2,745	1,755	995	3,610	3,020	590
$100,000 to $149,999	1,540	925	620	2,590	2,150	440
$150,000 and over	1,210	835	375	1,020	870	150
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	15,055	6,930	8,120	74,115	35,825	38,285
Without after-tax income	510	240	270	2,640	1,140	1,500
With after-tax income	14,545	6,690	7,855	71,475	34,690	36,785
Percentage with after-tax income	96.6	96.5	96.7	96.4	96.8	96.1
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,850	730	1,115	9,410	3,390	6,020
$10,000 to $19,999	1,890	715	1,175	16,570	6,380	10,190
$20,000 to $29,999	1,850	700	1,155	15,030	6,320	8,710
$30,000 to $39,999	1,565	600	965	10,570	5,635	4,935
$40,000 to $49,999	1,430	605	825	6,815	4,050	2,765
$50,000 to $59,999	1,210	570	640	4,460	2,865	1,595
$60,000 to $69,999	1,005	505	505	3,165	1,955	1,205
$70,000 to $79,999	900	460	440	2,155	1,370	790
$80,000 and over	2,840	1,805	1,035	3,295	2,725	575
$80,000 to $89,999	635	380	250	1,115	860	255
$90,000 to $99,999	450	270	180	705	605	100
$100,000 and over	1,755	1,155	605	1,475	1,260	215
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	15,050	6,930	8,120	74,115	35,830	38,285
Without employment income	5,225	2,155	3,070	27,290	11,825	15,465
With employment income	9,820	4,775	5,050	46,820	23,995	22,825
Percentage with employment income	65.2	68.9	62.2	63.2	67.0	59.6
Under $5,000 (including loss)	2,140	1,015	1,125	6,980	3,205	3,780
$5,000 to $9,999	800	355	445	4,660	1,785	2,875
$10,000 to $19,999	1,050	450	600	8,275	3,680	4,595
$20,000 to $29,999	825	345	485	5,940	2,555	3,380
$30,000 to $39,999	670	270	400	4,285	2,190	2,095
$40,000 to $49,999	595	210	380	3,720	1,930	1,790
$50,000 to $59,999	465	205	260	2,800	1,710	1,090
$60,000 to $69,999	445	190	260	2,395	1,500	895
$70,000 to $79,999	480	235	250	1,760	1,075	685
$80,000 and over	2,350	1,500	850	6,010	4,370	1,640
$80,000 to $89,999	440	220	220	1,785	1,020	770
$90,000 to $99,999	345	200	150	1,325	840	485
$100,000 and over	1,560	1,080	480	2,900	2,510	390
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	7,735	...	...	37,780	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	93,529	...	...	56,759	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	79,767	...	...	51,021	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	2,385	...	...	9,855	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	43,115	...	...	23,267	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	38,032	...	...	22,602	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	5,350	...	...	27,925	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	124,544	...	...	71,816	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	104,846	...	...	63,420	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	7,740	...	...	37,770	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	138,057	...	...	72,221	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	105,965	...	...	61,287	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	2,415	...	...	9,845	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	59,477	...	...	34,324	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	48,853	...	...	29,843	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	5,325	...	...	27,920	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	173,684	...	...	85,586	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	131,859	...	...	72,376	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	7,740	...	...	37,780	...	...
Under $5,000	145	...	...	235	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	75	...	...	660	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	140	...	...	1,305	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	240	...	...	2,345	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	280	...	...	2,370	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	220	...	...	2,230	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	240	...	...	2,580	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	220	...	...	1,890	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	235	...	...	1,635	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	250	...	...	1,630	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	450	...	...	2,975	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	455	...	...	2,675	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	395	...	...	2,345	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	405	...	...	2,090	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	340	...	...	1,815	...	...
$100,000 and over	3,640	...	...	9,005	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	795	...	...	3,290	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	655	...	...	2,250	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	905	...	...	2,275	...	...
$200,000 and over	1,290	...	...	1,195	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	7,735	...	...	37,780	...	...
Under $5,000	170	...	...	255	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	75	...	...	665	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	145	...	...	1,315	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	250	...	...	2,405	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	330	...	...	2,600	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	250	...	...	2,455	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	290	...	...	2,730	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	285	...	...	2,175	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	275	...	...	1,970	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	280	...	...	1,945	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	550	...	...	3,565	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	495	...	...	3,080	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	475	...	...	2,660	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	445	...	...	2,125	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	405	...	...	1,755	...	...
$100,000 and over	3,010	...	...	6,085	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	880	...	...	3,030	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	665	...	...	1,635	...	...
$150,000 and over	1,470	...	...	1,420	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	5,175	...	...	27,255	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	125,862	...	...	71,473	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	105,661	...	...	63,058	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	2,575	...	...	13,120	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	109,796	...	...	62,173	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	92,928	...	...	55,462	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	1,995	...	...	9,405	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	165,604	...	...	105,579	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	136,541	...	...	89,862	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	3.9	...	...	3.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	525	...	...	3,950	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	74,624	...	...	40,523	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	64,000	...	...	39,123	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.5	...	...	2.5	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	5,190	...	...	27,200	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	174,090	...	...	85,368	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	131,900	...	...	72,161	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	2,575	...	...	13,060	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	153,847	...	...	74,178	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	111,798	...	...	63,017	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	2,035	...	...	9,440	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	219,284	...	...	116,114	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	169,922	...	...	96,281	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	495	...	...	3,910	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	106,200	...	...	49,180	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	88,062	...	...	44,402	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	3,050	1,105	1,940	11,870	5,400	6,470
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	37,486	34,688	38,848	23,459	26,288	22,261
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	33,166	30,752	34,576	22,666	24,472	21,707
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	2,985	1,050	1,930	11,890	5,410	6,475
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	55,008	68,137	47,840	34,133	39,113	29,971
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	45,218	54,224	40,301	29,611	32,901	26,863
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	17,475	8,120	9,355	85,170	41,485	43,690
In the bottom half of the distribution	5,330	2,330	3,005	49,355	23,135	26,220
In the bottom decile	1,300	610	695	8,485	3,855	4,630
In the second decile	1,000	395	600	13,300	5,785	7,515
In the third decile	885	375	510	9,735	4,650	5,085
In the fourth decile	930	415	515	9,125	4,500	4,620
In the fifth decile	1,215	535	675	8,710	4,340	4,365
In the top half of the distribution	12,140	5,785	6,355	35,815	18,345	17,470
In the sixth decile	1,225	525	700	8,535	4,315	4,215
In the seventh decile	1,570	745	825	8,225	4,120	4,105
In the eighth decile	2,110	1,010	1,105	7,555	3,885	3,670
In the ninth decile	2,560	1,245	1,320	6,910	3,580	3,330
In the top decile	4,675	2,260	2,415	4,590	2,445	2,140
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	17,475	8,115	9,360	85,170	41,485	43,690
0 to 17 years	3,025	1,460	1,560	13,640	6,960	6,680
0 to 5 years	765	375	390	3,895	2,005	1,890
18 to 64 years	9,315	4,290	5,030	52,560	25,380	27,185
65 years and over	5,135	2,365	2,770	18,970	9,140	9,825
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	1,670	730	940	16,270	7,130	9,140
0 to 17 years	275	135	145	3,165	1,600	1,570
0 to 5 years	65	25	45	995	510	485
18 to 64 years	980	440	540	7,820	3,290	4,535
65 years and over	415	160	255	5,280	2,240	3,035
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	9.6	9.0	10.0	19.1	17.2	20.9
0 to 17 years (%)	9.1	9.2	9.3	23.2	23.0	23.5
0 to 5 years (%)	8.5	6.7	11.5	25.5	25.4	25.7
18 to 64 years (%)	10.5	10.3	10.7	14.9	13.0	16.7
65 years and over (%)	8.1	6.8	9.2	27.8	24.5	30.9
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	1,135	535	605	4,620	2,205	2,415
0 to 17 years	210	105	110	980	515	460
0 to 5 years	45	15	30	280	155	125
18 to 64 years	785	375	415	3,425	1,605	1,820
65 years and over	140	60	80	220	80	140
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	6.5	6.6	6.5	5.4	5.3	5.5
0 to 17 years (%)	6.9	7.2	7.1	7.2	7.4	6.9
0 to 5 years (%)	5.9	4.0	7.7	7.2	7.7	6.6
18 to 64 years (%)	8.4	8.7	8.3	6.5	6.3	6.7
65 years and over (%)	2.7	2.5	2.9	1.2	0.9	1.4
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	17,475	8,120	9,360	85,145	41,460	43,680
Official languages	17,380	8,070	9,305	85,135	41,455	43,675
English	17,375	8,070	9,305	85,130	41,455	43,675
French	2,775	1,180	1,600	3,040	1,115	1,925
Non-official languages	3,195	1,380	1,815	1,135	580	550
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	55	25	35
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	15	10	10
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	15	10	10
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	15	0	15
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	40	20	25
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	35	15	25
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	10	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	3,195	1,385	1,815	1,075	560	515
Afro-Asiatic languages	120	50	65	140	75	65
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	120	55	70	140	80	65
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	90	50	40	125	70	60
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	20	0	20	10	10	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	10	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	150	40	115	130	55	70
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	10	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	10	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	20	15	10	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	10	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	110	15	95	125	55	65
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	60	35	25
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	10	10	0
Tamil	0	0	0	20	15	0
Telugu	0	0	0	35	15	20
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	1,960	870	1,085	620	320	305
Albanian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	280	135	140	85	30	55
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	275	140	140	80	30	50
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	15	10	0	0	0	0
Croatian	40	20	20	10	10	0
Czech	75	30	45	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	50	35	15	20	10	10
Russian	90	40	50	50	15	30
Serbian	0	10	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	30	15	15	20	10	10
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	10	0	0	10	10	10
Scottish Gaelic	10	0	10	10	10	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	10
Germanic languages	785	350	435	200	110	90
Afrikaans	40	25	10	30	15	10
Danish	90	50	40	10	10	0
Dutch	85	35	45	10	10	10
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	550	230	315	130	65	65
Icelandic	25	10	20	10	10	0
Norwegian	20	15	0	10	10	10
Swedish	0	10	0	15	10	10
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	15	0	15	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	180	85	95	165	90	80
Indo-Aryan languages	120	65	55	170	90	80
Bengali	0	0	0	10	0	10
Gujarati	20	0	10	0	0	0
Hindi	30	25	0	35	20	15
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	10	0	10
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	75	35	45	85	45	40
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	80	45	35
Iranian languages	60	25	35	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	60	20	35	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	835	370	470	200	115	85
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	175	60	115	40	25	10
Portuguese	40	20	25	45	25	20
Romanian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Spanish	655	305	355	115	60	55
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	135	65	65	10	0	10
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	80	20	60	10	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	10	0	10	10	10	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	10	10	10	10	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	10	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	10	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	75	15	55	35	25	10
American Sign Language	50	20	30	20	10	10
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	25	0	30	20	20	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	720	330	385	60	40	25
Chinese languages	715	330	385	65	40	20
Cantonese	220	125	105	40	25	15
Hakka	0	10	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	540	235	305	30	20	10
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	10	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	30	15	15	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	0	0	10	0	10
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	10	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	15	0	10	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	15	0	10	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	10	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	45	25	20	30	10	20
Estonian	0	0	0	15	10	10
Finnish	15	10	10	0	0	0
Hungarian	30	25	10	20	0	20
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	17,475	8,115	9,360	85,145	41,465	43,685
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	16,390	7,640	8,745	84,505	41,110	43,400
Canadian citizens aged under 18	2,885	1,430	1,455	13,430	6,865	6,565
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	13,500	6,210	7,290	71,075	34,245	36,835
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	1,085	475	615	640	355	285
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	17,475	8,115	9,360	85,145	41,465	43,680
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	13,270	6,255	7,025	83,755	40,740	43,020
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	3,910	1,725	2,180	1,190	600	590
Before 1981	2,245	1,010	1,235	485	255	230
1981 to 1990	385	160	230	85	45	40
1991 to 2000	350	155	200	95	35	55
2001 to 2010	615	270	345	245	130	120
2001 to 2005	220	95	125	85	40	45
2006 to 2010	390	170	220	160	90	75
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	310	140	170	280	135	140
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	290	135	155	200	125	75
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	3,915	1,725	2,185	1,195	600	590
Under 5 years	380	185	195	180	65	110
5 to 14 years	705	285	425	225	115	110
15 to 24 years	890	395	495	225	115	110
25 to 44 years	1,550	660	890	405	220	185
45 years and over	380	200	180	160	85	75
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	3,910	1,730	2,185	1,190	605	590
Americas	685	270	415	230	105	125
Brazil	15	0	15	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0
El Salvador	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guyana	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	20	10	10
Mexico	45	25	15	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	15	10	10	10	10	10
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	510	205	305	200	95	105
Other places of birth in Americas	80	20	55	0	0	0
Europe	2,175	1,015	1,160	515	275	245
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatia	10	0	0	0	0	0
France	65	20	45	0	0	0
Germany	180	95	85	55	40	20
Greece	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungary	10	10	0	20	0	15
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	45	15	25	25	15	10
Italy	45	10	30	0	10	0
Netherlands	65	35	35	20	10	10
Poland	40	15	25	15	10	10
Portugal	0	0	10	10	10	0
Romania	10	10	0	10	0	0
Russian Federation	40	10	30	20	10	15
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukraine	25	15	15	10	10	10
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	1,390	640	755	295	145	150
Other places of birth in Europe	250	130	115	40	25	15
Africa	120	80	45	100	50	55
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	10	10	0	40	20	20
Ethiopia	10	10	10	0	0	0
Kenya	10	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	10	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	50	45	10	35	20	20
Other places of birth in Africa	35	15	25	20	10	10
Asia	815	310	510	335	160	165
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	280	120	165	50	20	30
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	55	30	20	10	10	0
India	55	30	25	75	50	25
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	55	20	30	0	0	0
Iraq	25	10	25	15	10	10
Japan	35	10	35	0	0	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	45	15	35	0	0	0
Lebanon	10	0	10	0	10	0
Pakistan	10	10	0	55	35	20
Philippines	85	10	80	85	30	55
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	0	0	0	0	0	10
Taiwan	60	20	40	0	0	0
Viet Nam	10	0	10	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	80	35	45	25	10	20
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	105	55	55	10	0	10
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	310	140	175	280	135	145
Americas	45	15	30	30	0	25
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	10	0	10
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	40	15	25	20	0	20
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0
Europe	70	30	35	40	30	15
France	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germany	15	10	10	0	0	0
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	0	0	0	10	10	0
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian Federation	10	10	10	0	0	0
Ukraine	10	0	0	10	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	35	20	15	15	10	0
Other places of birth in Europe	10	0	10	15	0	10
Africa	20	15	10	70	30	40
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	30	10	20
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	40	20	20
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	10	0	10	0	0	0
Asia	175	75	100	135	70	60
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	75	40	35	25	15	0
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	0	0	0	0	0	0
India	0	10	0	15	15	0
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iraq	10	10	0	0	10	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	10	0	0	0	0	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	10	0	10	0	0	0
Lebanon	10	0	0	10	10	0
Nepal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	25	15	10
Philippines	50	0	45	45	20	30
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	0	0	0	0	0	10
Taiwan	15	10	0	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	15	10	10
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	0	0	0	0	10	0
Australia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	0	0	0	0	10	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	17,475	8,120	9,360	85,145	41,465	43,685
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	4,600	2,055	2,540	1,480	765	715
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	4,595	2,070	2,525	1,570	705	865
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	8,280	3,990	4,290	82,100	39,995	42,105
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	1,735	750	985	735	360	375
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	995	460	535	500	250	245
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	465	280	190	210	145	60
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	535	180	350	285	100	185
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	645	260	385	230	95	125
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	75	30	45	10	10	0
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	20	0	20	0	0	0
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	17,475	8,115	9,360	85,145	41,465	43,685
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	255	110	150	20,070	9,780	10,290
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	235	95	135	18,090	8,760	9,330
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	110	35	75	16,665	8,125	8,540
Métis	120	60	65	1,090	505	585
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	340	130	200
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	0	0	0	170	85	80
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	15	0	10	1,810	930	880
Non-Aboriginal identity	17,220	8,010	9,210	65,075	31,685	33,395
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	17,475	8,115	9,360	85,150	41,465	43,685
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	90	25	65	11,580	5,590	5,985
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	17,385	8,095	9,295	73,570	35,875	37,695
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	17,475	8,120	9,360	85,145	41,465	43,685
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	40	15	30	6,740	3,305	3,435
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	40	15	30	6,670	3,270	3,395
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	30	10	20	6,270	3,085	3,185
Métis single ancestry	10	0	10	250	125	120
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	150	60	90
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	0	0	0	75	35	40
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	0	0	0	10	0	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	45	25	15
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	10	10	10
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	10
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	435	180	265	18,025	8,710	9,315
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	435	175	255	17,580	8,520	9,065
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	220	95	125	16,565	8,030	8,540
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	210	80	130	670	325	345
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	350	165	180
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	10	0	10	440	190	250
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	240	100	140
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	155	85	75
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	30	10	20
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	15	0	15
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	16,995	7,930	9,065	60,380	29,445	30,930
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	17,475	8,115	9,360	85,145	41,460	43,685
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	1,865	805	1,060	815	395	425
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	285	160	125	235	115	120
Chinese	850	390	460	95	50	45
Black	55	25	30	170	80	90
Filipino	130	25	100	155	65	85
Latin American	95	30	65	10	0	0
Arab	65	30	35	125	65	65
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	60	30	30	0	0	0
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	50	15	25	0	0	0
Korean	105	35	70	0	0	0
Japanese	125	40	85	0	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	10	10	0	15	0	10
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	35	10	25	10	0	10
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	15,610	7,315	8,300	84,330	41,070	43,255
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	17,475	8,115	9,360	85,145	41,460	43,685
North American Aboriginal origins	480	190	290	24,765	12,015	12,750
First Nations (North American Indian)	260	105	155	23,310	11,325	11,990
Inuit	0	0	0	765	355	410
Métis	225	80	145	1,225	555	660
Other North American origins	4,090	1,990	2,100	45,955	22,380	23,570
Acadian	30	15	10	40	10	25
American	505	270	235	185	65	120
Canadian	3,650	1,755	1,895	45,550	22,195	23,355
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	20	10	15	315	165	155
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Ontarian	0	0	0	0	0	10
Québécois	20	15	0	25	15	10
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	0	0	0	0	0	0
European origins	14,830	6,940	7,890	44,310	21,590	22,725
British Isles origins	12,010	5,695	6,320	39,595	19,290	20,305
Channel Islander	10	10	0	15	10	10
Cornish	35	30	0	10	0	10
English	8,150	3,855	4,300	31,675	15,440	16,235
Irish	4,190	1,845	2,345	11,030	5,295	5,730
Manx	0	0	0	30	25	10
Scottish	5,725	2,625	3,100	5,950	2,750	3,200
Welsh	875	405	470	445	215	230
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	785	385	400	520	245	270
French origins	1,810	785	1,020	10,150	4,825	5,330
Alsatian	0	10	0	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	10	0	0	0
Corsican	0	0	0	0	0	0
French	1,805	785	1,020	10,155	4,830	5,325
Western European origins (except French origins)	3,415	1,625	1,790	1,685	865	815
Austrian	275	155	120	35	25	15
Bavarian	20	0	20	0	0	0
Belgian	110	50	55	10	0	0
Dutch	705	320	385	305	155	145
Flemish	15	0	10	35	10	20
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	2,375	1,100	1,280	1,335	705	630
Luxembourger	10	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss	225	110	115	25	15	10
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	20	10	10	0	0	0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	1,740	835	905	500	280	225
Danish	390	185	205	70	40	25
Finnish	125	45	75	10	10	10
Icelandic	135	65	70	35	20	15
Norwegian	725	365	360	260	140	115
Swedish	545	260	285	90	40	50
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	55	20	35	50	30	20
Eastern European origins	2,315	1,060	1,250	405	165	240
Bulgarian	45	15	30	0	0	0
Byelorussian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Czech	125	55	70	0	10	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	10	10	10	10	0	10
Estonian	40	20	20	10	10	0
Hungarian	215	95	125	55	20	30
Latvian	40	15	25	0	0	0
Lithuanian	75	30	40	10	10	0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	705	350	355	185	85	100
Romanian	70	15	55	15	10	10
Russian	495	235	260	60	25	35
Slovak	50	20	30	10	0	10
Ukrainian	860	405	455	120	50	70
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	10	10	10	10	0	10
Southern European origins	1,240	510	735	565	275	285
Albanian	0	0	10	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	125	50	75	35	20	10
Cypriot	10	0	10	0	0	0
Greek	100	45	50	35	20	10
Italian	645	290	355	200	80	120
Kosovar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	15	10	0
Montenegrin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	90	25	65	160	100	60
Serbian	65	40	30	10	10	0
Sicilian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Slovenian	40	25	15	10	0	0
Spanish	210	65	140	125	55	65
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	15	0	15	0	0	0
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other European origins	115	45	65	80	45	40
Basque	10	0	0	0	0	0
Jewish	90	35	55	60	35	25
Roma (Gypsy)	10	10	0	0	0	10
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	0	0	0	10	0	0
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	10	10	0	10	0	0
Caribbean origins	85	35	50	100	65	40
Antiguan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bahamian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Barbadian	10	10	0	10	10	0
Bermudan	15	0	15	0	0	0
Carib	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuban	20	0	20	0	0	0
Dominican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaican	25	15	10	50	25	25
Kittitian/Nevisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Martinican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montserratan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	0	0	0	10	10	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	15	10	0	10	0	0
Vincentian/Grenadinian	0	0	0	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	0	0	0	15	10	10
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins	200	105	100	10	15	0
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	0	0	10	0	0	0
Arawak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	10	10	0	0	10	0
Belizean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bolivian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Brazilian	25	10	20	0	0	0
Chilean	25	10	15	0	0	0
Colombian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	10	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	20	10	15	0	0	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guyanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hispanic	10	0	0	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maya	10	0	0	0	0	0
Mexican	55	25	30	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	10	10	10	0	0	0
Panamanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Peruvian	30	20	15	0	0	0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	10	0	0	0	0	0
African origins	215	125	95	200	85	115
Central and West African origins	10	0	0	40	10	30
Akan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Angolan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ashanti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burkinabe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	25	0	20
Chadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gabonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ibo	0	0	0	10	10	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Liberian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malinké	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Peulh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sierra Leonean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Togolese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	0	0	0	0	0	0
North African origins	55	15	35	55	20	35
Algerian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	30	0	20	50	20	30
Libyan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maure	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moroccan	15	10	10	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tunisian	10	0	10	0	0	0
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins	125	80	45	30	20	15
Afrikaner	35	20	15	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	10	0	0	0
Djiboutian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	10	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopian	10	10	10	0	0	10
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	10	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Seychellois	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
South African	85	60	20	25	15	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zulu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other African origins	40	20	15	110	45	70
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	10	0	0	0	10	0
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	40	25	15	105	40	65
Asian origins	1,940	855	1,080	890	445	445
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	290	125	170	385	200	190
Afghan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	0	0	0	10	0	0
Armenian	30	0	30	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hazara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian	105	50	55	0	0	0
Iraqi	25	10	15	35	20	15
Israeli	0	0	10	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kazakh	10	0	0	0	0	0
Kurd	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kuwaiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanese	55	25	25	250	105	140
Palestinian	20	10	0	25	10	15
Pashtun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saudi Arabian	0	10	0	0	0	0
Syrian	20	10	10	60	45	20
Tajik	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tatar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turk	20	10	10	10	0	0
Turkmen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uighur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	20	0	15	10	0	0
South Asian origins	310	175	135	260	125	130
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bhutanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
East Indian	235	130	105	165	75	90
Goan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	15	10	10	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	10	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistani	10	0	0	60	45	15
Punjabi	20	15	0	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	10	0	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	20	15	0	0	0	0
Tamil	25	15	10	0	0	0
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	0	0	0	30	0	30
East and Southeast Asian origins	1,355	555	795	245	120	130
Burmese	10	0	10	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese	880	405	465	105	55	50
Filipino	160	45	115	150	65	80
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	20	10	15	0	0	0
Japanese	145	45	100	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	110	40	70	0	0	0
Laotian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malaysian	25	15	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwanese	35	20	10	0	0	0
Thai	15	0	10	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	25	20	10	0	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other Asian origins	0	10	0	10	0	10
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	0	0	0	10	10	10
Oceania origins	185	90	100	10	10	10
Australian	95	45	50	0	0	0
New Zealander	40	20	20	10	10	0
Pacific Islands origins	85	45	45	0	0	0
Fijian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Hawaiian	25	15	15	0	0	0
Maori	10	0	0	0	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	15	0	10	0	0	0
Samoan	15	10	10	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	7,735	...	...	37,770	...	...
Owner	5,905	...	...	29,350	...	...
Renter	1,830	...	...	8,420	...	...
Band housing	0	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	7,740	...	...	37,770	...	...
Condominium	875	...	...	490	...	...
Not condominium	6,865	...	...	37,280	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	7,735	...	...	37,770	...	...
No bedrooms	90	...	...	20	...	...
1 bedroom	1,125	...	...	2,070	...	...
2 bedrooms	1,840	...	...	9,480	...	...
3 bedrooms	1,905	...	...	17,610	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	2,780	...	...	8,585	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	7,735	...	...	37,770	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	1,770	...	...	5,735	...	...
5 rooms	830	...	...	6,255	...	...
6 rooms	790	...	...	6,940	...	...
7 rooms	775	...	...	5,755	...	...
8 or more rooms	3,570	...	...	13,085	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	7.1	...	...	6.8	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	7,740	...	...	37,770	...	...
One person or fewer per room	7,710	...	...	37,670	...	...
More than 1 person per room	25	...	...	100	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	7,735	...	...	37,770	...	...
Suitable	7,630	...	...	37,105	...	...
Not suitable	110	...	...	665	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	7,735	...	...	37,770	...	...
1960 or before	4,915	...	...	8,470	...	...
1961 to 1980	1,835	...	...	13,635	...	...
1981 to 1990	435	...	...	6,055	...	...
1991 to 2000	210	...	...	4,355	...	...
2001 to 2005	140	...	...	1,465	...	...
2006 to 2010	75	...	...	2,065	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	125	...	...	1,720	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	7,735	...	...	37,770	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	7,360	...	...	34,805	...	...
Major repairs needed	375	...	...	2,960	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	7,740	...	...	37,770	...	...
1 household maintainer	4,295	...	...	22,900	...	...
2 household maintainers	3,345	...	...	14,395	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	105	...	...	470	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	7,740	...	...	37,770	...	...
15 to 24 years	165	...	...	855	...	...
25 to 34 years	300	...	...	3,200	...	...
35 to 44 years	830	...	...	4,795	...	...
45 to 54 years	1,345	...	...	7,655	...	...
55 to 64 years	1,665	...	...	8,860	...	...
65 to 74 years	1,825	...	...	7,475	...	...
75 to 84 years	980	...	...	3,865	...	...
85 years and over	620	...	...	1,065	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	7,725	...	...	37,725	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	5,990	...	...	31,415	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	1,730	...	...	6,310	...	...
30% to less than 100%	1,395	...	...	5,740	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	5,905	...	...	29,330	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	39.6	...	...	40.8	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	14.1	...	...	9.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	918	...	...	552	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,522	...	...	795	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	899,972	...	...	160,311	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	1,074,011	...	...	187,462	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	1,830	...	...	8,415	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	10.1	...	...	24.9	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	49.7	...	...	41.5	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	982	...	...	717	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,199	...	...	746	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	15,055	6,910	8,140	74,090	35,800	38,290
No certificate, diploma or degree	1,190	530	665	21,450	10,615	10,840
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	3,185	1,405	1,780	18,520	8,150	10,370
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	10,675	4,975	5,700	34,115	17,035	17,080
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	630	410	220	8,655	6,220	2,435
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	290	125	165	4,780	2,885	1,900
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	345	285	60	3,870	3,335	535
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	2,195	880	1,315	16,100	6,925	9,175
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	415	130	285	1,580	675	905
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	7,440	3,565	3,875	7,785	3,220	4,565
Bachelor's degree	3,815	1,630	2,180	5,330	2,015	3,315
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	570	255	310	400	195	200
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	450	340	120	265	180	85
Master's degree	2,000	965	1,035	1,625	710	920
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	600	380	225	170	120	50
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	7,935	3,585	4,355	46,845	22,440	24,405
No certificate, diploma or degree	200	115	85	9,360	4,860	4,500
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	1,170	570	600	11,015	4,900	6,115
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	6,565	2,905	3,670	26,470	12,670	13,800
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	375	230	145	6,265	4,435	1,835
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	175	70	105	3,600	2,160	1,435
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	205	160	40	2,670	2,275	400
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	1,300	530	765	13,050	5,445	7,610
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	215	80	140	975	440	535
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	4,680	2,065	2,615	6,175	2,355	3,820
Bachelor's degree	2,385	985	1,395	4,150	1,450	2,705
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	360	150	210	305	140	160
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	305	210	100	205	140	65
Master's degree	1,355	585	770	1,395	545	855
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	270	140	135	120	85	35
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	15,050	6,910	8,145	74,090	35,800	38,290
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	4,375	1,930	2,445	39,975	18,765	21,210
Education	1,150	340	810	3,115	1,035	2,080
13. Education	1,155	340	815	3,115	1,035	2,080
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	525	180	340	530	255	270
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	10	15	0	120	100	20
50. Visual and performing arts	510	170	345	405	155	250
Humanities	910	345	565	885	355	535
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	105	25	80	25	0	20
23. English language and literature/letters	330	95	235	195	60	135
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	105	40	65	250	60	190
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	10	10	10	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	90	60	35	80	60	25
39. Theology and religious vocations	15	10	10	175	95	75
54. History	220	110	110	90	65	20
55. French language and literature/letters	35	0	35	70	10	65
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,915	870	1,050	1,800	450	1,350
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	35	15	20	15	0	15
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	110	30	85	75	25	55
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	145	0	140	740	55	685
22. Legal professions and studies	340	205	135	195	85	110
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	10	10	10	45	20	25
42. Psychology	360	140	220	305	75	230
45. Social sciences	910	465	450	425	190	235
Business, management and public administration	1,860	865	995	6,690	1,255	5,435
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	35	0	30
44. Public administration and social service professions	185	45	145	305	55	250
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,675	820	855	6,350	1,195	5,155
Physical and life sciences and technologies	570	320	250	530	260	270
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	220	90	135	225	100	125
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	105	55	55	145	75	75
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	0	0	0	15	10	10
40. Physical sciences	230	170	55	90	55	40
41. Science technologies/technicians	20	10	10	50	15	30
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	355	250	95	910	435	470
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	235	190	50	770	365	410
25. Library science	50	10	35	45	10	30
27. Mathematics and statistics	50	40	15	90	60	30
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	15	10	10	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	1,070	975	100	8,910	8,435	475
04. Architecture and related services	125	85	40	10	10	10
14. Engineering	330	305	25	485	420	65
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	250	230	15	1,625	1,420	205
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	10	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	190	190	0	3,270	3,200	70
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	120	115	10	2,510	2,455	60
48. Precision production	55	50	10	1,000	935	65
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	195	140	55	950	645	305
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	60	40	20	165	80	85
03. Natural resources and conservation	130	95	35	780	565	220
Health and related fields	1,860	550	1,315	5,225	835	4,390
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	115	50	65	190	90	100
51. Health professions and related programs	1,570	355	1,215	4,950	700	4,240
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	180	145	30	85	40	45
Personal, protective and transportation services	265	155	115	4,590	3,090	1,500
12. Personal and culinary services	130	35	95	1,640	380	1,255
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	20	20	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	10	0	25	25	0
43. Security and protective services	35	25	10	375	290	85
49. Transportation and materials moving	80	70	10	2,550	2,390	160
Other	0	0	0	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	7,935	3,580	4,350	46,845	22,440	24,405
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	1,370	680	685	20,375	9,765	10,605
Education	605	155	445	2,015	605	1,410
13. Education	605	155	445	2,015	600	1,415
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	370	135	240	405	190	215
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	10	0	0	85	65	20
50. Visual and performing arts	365	125	235	320	125	195
Humanities	495	175	320	600	225	370
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	65	10	55	25	0	20
23. English language and literature/letters	165	40	125	120	25	95
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	65	20	45	165	45	125
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	10	10	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	50	30	20	60	35	20
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	10	115	70	45
54. History	135	65	65	70	45	20
55. French language and literature/letters	0	0	0	50	0	40
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,230	525	715	1,530	345	1,185
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	20	0	10	15	10	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	95	30	70	60	10	50
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	85	0	85	635	50	585
22. Legal professions and studies	205	110	95	175	70	105
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	15	0	0	35	15	25
42. Psychology	200	80	125	245	45	200
45. Social sciences	610	290	320	365	150	220
Business, management and public administration	1,175	520	655	5,500	945	4,555
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	25	10	25
44. Public administration and social service professions	120	30	85	265	50	220
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,055	490	570	5,210	895	4,315
Physical and life sciences and technologies	295	150	150	415	190	225
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	105	30	80	190	80	110
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	50	30	15	115	55	65
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	0	0	0	10	10	0
40. Physical sciences	135	85	50	65	30	35
41. Science technologies/technicians	10	0	10	40	15	15
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	255	175	80	825	400	425
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	190	145	45	720	340	380
25. Library science	30	10	25	35	15	25
27. Mathematics and statistics	25	10	10	70	45	25
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	10	10	0	10	10	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	615	540	70	6,475	6,145	325
04. Architecture and related services	95	55	35	10	0	0
14. Engineering	170	150	20	370	310	60
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	125	120	10	1,260	1,105	155
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	125	125	0	2,405	2,365	40
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	55	50	0	1,715	1,690	25
48. Precision production	45	40	10	715	665	45
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	120	70	55	790	520	265
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	45	25	25	130	50	80
03. Natural resources and conservation	75	45	30	655	470	185
Health and related fields	1,210	370	845	4,230	645	3,585
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	90	35	55	150	80	70
51. Health professions and related programs	1,010	245	770	4,005	525	3,475
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	115	90	25	70	35	30
Personal, protective and transportation services	190	90	100	3,690	2,460	1,225
12. Personal and culinary services	95	15	80	1,320	295	1,030
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	10	10	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	25	25	0
43. Security and protective services	30	20	10	310	230	75
49. Transportation and materials moving	55	45	10	2,030	1,910	120
Other	0	0	0	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	0	0	0	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	15,050	6,910	8,140	74,090	35,800	38,290
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	4,375	1,935	2,445	39,975	18,765	21,205
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	10,680	4,980	5,695	34,115	17,035	17,080
Location of study inside Canada	8,495	3,915	4,575	33,365	16,630	16,735
Same as province or territory of residence	5,435	2,485	2,950	28,405	14,005	14,395
Different than province or territory of residence	3,060	1,435	1,630	4,960	2,625	2,335
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	2,185	1,060	1,120	755	405	345
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	750	395	360	215	115	100
Philippines	70	10	55	95	50	50
India	10	0	0	35	20	15
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	680	340	340	165	95	70
China^{Census data footnote 162}	125	55	65	0	0	0
France	20	0	15	0	0	0
Other	530	250	280	240	125	115
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	7,935	3,585	4,355	46,840	22,440	24,405
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	1,370	680	685	20,375	9,765	10,610
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	6,570	2,900	3,665	26,475	12,670	13,800
Location of study inside Canada	5,410	2,425	2,990	25,885	12,355	13,535
Same as province or territory of residence	3,675	1,645	2,030	21,845	10,320	11,525
Different than province or territory of residence	1,730	780	955	4,040	2,035	2,010
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	1,160	480	680	585	320	265
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	370	165	205	135	75	60
Philippines	60	0	60	75	45	35
India	10	10	0	40	20	15
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	225	105	120	125	80	50
China^{Census data footnote 162}	115	55	65	0	0	0
France	10	0	10	0	0	0
Other	370	155	220	205	100	105
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	15,055	6,910	8,145	74,090	35,800	38,290
In the labour force	8,250	4,025	4,225	39,730	20,350	19,375
Employed	7,810	3,760	4,050	30,555	14,725	15,830
Unemployed	440	260	175	9,170	5,625	3,545
Not in the labour force	6,805	2,890	3,915	34,365	15,450	18,910
Participation rate	54.8	58.2	51.9	53.6	56.8	50.6
Employment rate	51.9	54.4	49.7	41.2	41.1	41.3
Unemployment rate	5.3	6.5	4.1	23.1	27.6	18.3
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	15,055	6,910	8,145	74,090	35,800	38,290
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	6,075	2,525	3,545	30,540	13,450	17,090
Worked	8,975	4,380	4,590	43,550	22,355	21,195
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	3,665	2,030	1,635	16,905	8,305	8,600
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	5,310	2,355	2,960	26,650	14,050	12,595
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.7	41.6	39.9	35.9	34.7	37.1
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	8,250	4,025	4,225	39,725	20,350	19,380
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	90	35	45	1,130	620	510
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	8,165	3,985	4,175	38,595	19,725	18,870
Employee	6,410	2,925	3,490	36,520	18,460	18,060
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	1,750	1,065	690	2,075	1,265	810
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	8,255	4,025	4,230	39,730	20,345	19,380
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	85	40	50	1,130	625	510
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	8,165	3,985	4,175	38,600	19,725	18,875
0 Management occupations	1,145	670	475	2,785	1,595	1,185
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	1,440	510	930	3,970	920	3,050
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	650	520	125	1,790	1,455	335
3 Health occupations	990	380	610	3,350	590	2,755
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	1,445	575	875	5,275	1,340	3,940
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	495	175	325	510	195	310
6 Sales and service occupations	1,470	680	790	9,090	3,200	5,885
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	380	360	15	7,695	7,360	330
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	85	70	20	2,470	2,055	410
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	60	50	10	1,675	1,015	660
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	8,250	4,020	4,225	39,725	20,350	19,380
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	90	35	50	1,130	620	505
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	8,165	3,985	4,180	38,595	19,725	18,875
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	10	0	10	2,130	1,625	505
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	35	20	10	1,010	930	80
22 Utilities	0	10	10	280	275	10
23 Construction	285	275	20	4,080	3,745	335
31-33 Manufacturing	170	100	65	2,590	1,740	850
41 Wholesale trade	135	100	35	745	555	185
44-45 Retail trade	690	310	380	5,340	2,225	3,115
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	175	130	45	2,455	1,740	715
51 Information and cultural industries	195	105	90	375	230	145
52 Finance and insurance	360	195	165	655	165	490
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	310	190	125	270	155	115
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	1,080	750	330	900	475	430
55 Management of companies and enterprises	25	10	15	15	0	10
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	225	140	85	1,035	600	435
61 Educational services	1,075	410	660	2,820	890	1,925
62 Health care and social assistance	1,440	400	1,035	6,565	1,065	5,500
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	255	110	140	465	245	215
72 Accommodation and food services	555	225	325	2,835	875	1,960
81 Other services (except public administration)	305	110	195	1,555	705	850
91 Public administration	820	390	430	2,485	1,475	1,010
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	7,810	3,765	4,050	30,550	14,725	15,835
Worked at home	1,080	520	560	1,415	635	775
Worked outside Canada	65	45	20	65	45	15
No fixed workplace address	675	460	215	3,940	3,040	900
Worked at usual place	5,990	2,735	3,250	25,140	10,995	14,145
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	5,985	2,735	3,250	25,140	10,995	14,145
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	760	290	470	14,035	5,645	8,390
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	5,020	2,320	2,700	8,370	3,450	4,920
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	155	90	70	1,895	1,240	650
Commute to a different province or territory	55	40	15	840	660	180
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	6,665	3,195	3,465	29,080	14,040	15,040
Car, truck, van - as a driver	4,110	2,095	2,015	23,765	11,295	12,470
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	350	100	250	2,080	820	1,265
Public transit	590	210	375	535	400	135
Walked	625	200	425	1,765	745	1,015
Bicycle	800	465	335	50	45	10
Other method	185	110	70	885	735	150
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	6,660	3,195	3,470	29,075	14,035	15,040
Less than 15 minutes	2,565	1,150	1,415	16,585	7,220	9,360
15 to 29 minutes	2,960	1,450	1,505	6,945	3,420	3,525
30 to 44 minutes	840	440	405	2,770	1,555	1,215
45 to 59 minutes	155	65	95	1,070	545	520
60 minutes and over	140	90	50	1,705	1,290	420
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	6,660	3,190	3,470	29,080	14,035	15,040
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	145	85	60	1,610	1,195	420
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	645	390	265	3,610	2,545	1,060
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	1,885	1,005	880	9,190	4,705	4,490
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	2,075	900	1,175	7,785	2,715	5,070
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	1,170	525	645	2,750	815	1,930
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	735	295	440	4,140	2,070	2,070
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	9,250	4,505	4,740	44,790	22,925	21,870
Single responses	9,200	4,490	4,710	44,730	22,895	21,835
Official languages	9,165	4,475	4,695	44,725	22,890	21,830
English	9,120	4,470	4,655	44,590	22,855	21,730
French	45	10	40	135	35	100
Non-official languages	30	20	15	10	0	0
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	30	15	15	10	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	0	10	0
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	10	10	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	15	0	10	0	0	0
American Sign Language	15	10	10	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	20	10	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages	20	10	10	0	0	0
Cantonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	15	10	0	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	50	15	30	65	30	35
English and French	10	0	0	60	20	40
English and non-official language	40	10	30	0	10	0
French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	9,250	4,505	4,740	44,795	22,925	21,870
None	8,875	4,335	4,535	44,370	22,780	21,595
English	40	10	40	75	10	70
French	165	80	85	295	115	180
Non-official language	155	80	75	50	20	25
Aboriginal	0	10	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	150	70	80	45	20	30
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language	20	10	10	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	17,375	8,050	9,325	84,560	41,200	43,355
Non-movers	15,300	7,075	8,220	76,520	37,325	39,195
Movers	2,080	975	1,105	8,035	3,875	4,160
Non-migrants	1,215	550	660	3,865	1,790	2,070
Migrants	865	425	440	4,175	2,080	2,095
Internal migrants	680	320	360	4,110	2,050	2,055
Intraprovincial migrants	370	165	205	2,800	1,420	1,380
Interprovincial migrants	315	155	155	1,310	625	680
External migrants	185	105	80	65	30	30
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	16,900	7,820	9,080	81,920	39,855	42,065
Non-movers	10,985	5,120	5,865	60,930	29,740	31,190
Movers	5,915	2,700	3,215	20,990	10,115	10,875
Non-migrants	3,135	1,370	1,760	9,815	4,640	5,175
Migrants	2,780	1,330	1,450	11,170	5,470	5,700
Internal migrants	2,060	995	1,065	10,780	5,260	5,525
Intraprovincial migrants	1,240	585	655	6,325	3,030	3,300
Interprovincial migrants	820	415	405	4,460	2,235	2,225
External migrants	725	335	385	385	205	175

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Oak Bay, DM [Census subdivision], British Columbia and Long Range Mountains [Federal electoral district], Newfoundland and Labrador (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 31, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Oak Bay, District municipality [Census subdivision], British Columbia and Long Range Mountains [Federal electoral district], Newfoundland and Labrador

Census Profile, 2016 Census Oak Bay, District municipality [Census subdivision], British Columbia and Long Range Mountains [Federal electoral district], Newfoundland and Labrador

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How to cite

Census Profile, 2016 Census
Oak Bay, District municipality [Census subdivision], British Columbia and Long Range Mountains [Federal electoral district], Newfoundland and Labrador