Census Profile, 2016 Census
Westfield, Parish [Census subdivision], New Brunswick and Surrey--Newton [Federal electoral district], British Columbia

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Westfield, P New Brunswick [Census subdivision]			Surrey--Newton British Columbia [Federal electoral district]
	Data quality , Westfield, Parish [Census subdivision], New Brunswick Map : Westfield, Parish [Census subdivision], New Brunswick Change geography 1			Data quality : Surrey--Newton [Federal electoral district], British Columbia Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	1,962	...	...	114,605	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	2,108	...	...	105,183	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	-6.9	...	...	9.0	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	952	...	...	35,942	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	811	...	...	33,667	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	6.6	...	...	3,815.4	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	295.70	...	...	30.04	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	1,965	1,010	950	114,605	57,190	57,415
0 to 14 years	275	160	120	21,605	11,240	10,365
0 to 4 years	80	50	30	6,930	3,575	3,355
5 to 9 years	95	50	40	7,505	3,965	3,535
10 to 14 years	105	55	45	7,175	3,700	3,470
15 to 64 years	1,340	675	670	77,965	38,925	39,040
15 to 19 years	105	65	40	7,970	4,195	3,775
20 to 24 years	90	40	50	8,255	4,435	3,825
25 to 29 years	110	55	55	7,975	3,985	3,990
30 to 34 years	90	50	40	8,965	4,340	4,625
35 to 39 years	95	50	45	8,700	4,205	4,495
40 to 44 years	140	75	65	8,045	3,935	4,110
45 to 49 years	150	65	90	7,550	3,705	3,840
50 to 54 years	195	95	95	7,400	3,780	3,615
55 to 59 years	190	95	95	6,815	3,360	3,460
60 to 64 years	175	85	90	6,290	2,985	3,305
65 years and over	345	180	165	15,030	7,020	8,010
65 to 69 years	155	80	75	5,455	2,585	2,870
70 to 74 years	85	45	35	3,850	1,840	2,010
75 to 79 years	55	30	20	2,725	1,285	1,445
80 to 84 years	20	10	10	1,575	735	840
85 years and over	25	10	20	1,430	575	850
85 to 89 years	15	5	10	980	420	560
90 to 94 years	5	0	5	340	120	220
95 to 99 years	0	0	0	90	20	70
100 years and over	0	0	0	15	10	5
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.0	15.8	12.6	18.9	19.7	18.1
15 to 64 years	68.2	66.8	70.5	68.0	68.1	68.0
65 years and over	17.6	17.8	17.4	13.1	12.3	14.0
85 years and over	1.3	1.0	2.1	1.2	1.0	1.5
Average age of the population	43.7	42.7	44.6	37.6	36.8	38.4
Median age of the population	47.1	45.8	48.1	36.3	35.4	37.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	815	...	...	33,670	...	...
Single-detached house	715	...	...	7,790	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	0	...	...	115	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	25	...	...	25,110	...	...
Semi-detached house	5	...	...	505	...	...
Row house	0	...	...	5,905	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	20	...	...	9,250	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	5	...	...	9,415	...	...
Other single-attached house	0	...	...	35	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	70	...	...	650	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	810	...	...	33,665	...	...
1 person	185	...	...	5,850	...	...
2 persons	345	...	...	7,705	...	...
3 persons	140	...	...	5,525	...	...
4 persons	90	...	...	6,445	...	...
5 or more persons	50	...	...	8,140	...	...
Number of persons in private households	1,930	...	...	113,390	...	...
Average household size	2.4	...	...	3.4	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	1,685	850	830	92,995	45,945	47,055
Married or living common law	1,115	560	555	56,305	28,235	28,070
Married	930	465	465	52,965	26,575	26,390
Living common law	185	95	95	3,340	1,665	1,680
Not married and not living common law	565	295	270	36,695	17,710	18,985
Never married	355	215	140	25,625	14,180	11,445
Separated	55	25	25	2,165	935	1,230
Divorced	75	30	40	4,110	1,640	2,475
Widowed	85	20	70	4,800	955	3,840
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	635	...	...	31,415	...	...
2 persons	370	...	...	12,060	...	...
3 persons	140	...	...	7,195	...	...
4 persons	90	...	...	8,490	...	...
5 or more persons	30	...	...	3,670	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	3.2	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	635	...	...	31,415	...	...
Total couple families	560	...	...	26,815	...	...
Married couples	465	...	...	25,145	...	...
Common-law couples	95	...	...	1,670	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	75	...	...	4,595	...	...
Female parent	55	...	...	3,715	...	...
Male parent	25	...	...	880	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	555	...	...	26,815	...	...
Couples without children	325	...	...	9,380	...	...
Couples with children	235	...	...	17,435	...	...
1 child	120	...	...	5,835	...	...
2 children	80	...	...	8,080	...	...
3 or more children	30	...	...	3,520	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	80	...	...	4,600	...	...
1 child	45	...	...	2,680	...	...
2 children	25	...	...	1,360	...	...
3 or more children	5	...	...	560	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	240	130	110	14,190	6,725	7,460
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	810	...	...	33,665	...	...
One-census-family households	600	...	...	22,235	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	305	...	...	5,530	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	290	...	...	16,710	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	20	...	...	4,275	...	...
Non-census-family households	195	...	...	7,155	...	...
One-person households	185	...	...	5,850	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	15	...	...	1,305	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	1,930	990	940	113,810	56,520	57,290
English only	1,690	895	795	98,360	50,095	48,260
French only	0	0	5	50	25	30
English and French	245	100	145	3,860	1,750	2,105
Neither English nor French	5	0	0	11,545	4,650	6,895
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	1,935	990	940	113,805	56,520	57,285
English	1,875	965	910	101,080	51,305	49,775
French	55	25	30	585	280	305
English and French	5	5	0	705	340	370
Neither English nor French	0	0	0	11,440	4,595	6,840
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	60	25	30	935	445	485
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	3.1	2.5	3.2	0.8	0.8	0.8
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	1,930	990	940	113,810	56,520	57,285
Single responses	1,930	990	940	107,635	53,405	54,235
Official languages	1,915	985	930	37,860	19,125	18,740
English	1,850	955	895	37,360	18,890	18,470
French	65	30	35	505	240	270
Non-official languages	10	5	10	69,775	34,280	35,500
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	25	10	15
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	10	5	10
Blackfoot	0	0	0	5	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	5	5
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	5	5	5
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	5	0	5
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	5	0	5
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	5	5	5
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	5
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	5	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	15	5	10	69,750	34,270	35,485
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	1,480	715	765
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	550	260	290
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	10	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	540	255	285
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	925	455	470
Amharic	0	0	0	75	30	45
Arabic	0	0	0	760	385	380
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	15	5	5
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	25	10	15
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	5	0	5
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	40	20	25
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	5
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	585	270	315
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	95	35	55
Vietnamese	0	0	0	490	235	260
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	3,420	1,495	1,925
Bikol	0	0	0	10	10	5
Cebuano	0	0	0	170	65	105
Fijian	0	0	0	35	15	20
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	45	25	20
Ilocano	0	0	0	145	60	85
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	50	15	30
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	15	5	10
Pangasinan	0	0	0	40	20	20
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	2,890	1,280	1,610
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	5	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	5	15
Creole languages	0	0	0	60	35	25
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	5	5	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	45	20	25
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	470	230	235
Kannada	0	0	0	15	5	10
Malayalam	0	0	0	205	100	100
Tamil	0	0	0	205	105	105
Telugu	0	0	0	30	15	15
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	5
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	10	5	10	60,315	29,965	30,355
Albanian	0	0	0	20	10	10
Armenian	0	0	0	15	10	5
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	855	410	450
Baltic languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	5	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	855	410	450
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	20	10	10
Bulgarian	0	0	0	15	15	10
Croatian	0	0	0	70	30	35
Czech	0	0	0	50	25	25
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	260	115	145
Russian	0	0	0	235	110	120
Serbian	0	0	0	40	15	20
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	15	10	5
Slovak	0	0	0	40	25	10
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	15	10	10
Ukrainian	0	0	0	90	40	50
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	5	5
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	5	5	5	700	315	380
Afrikaans	0	0	0	10	5	5
Danish	0	0	0	40	15	20
Dutch	0	0	5	135	65	70
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	5	0	5	475	215	260
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	15	10	10
Swedish	0	0	0	10	5	5
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	5	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	5	5	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	115	55	60
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	56,735	28,230	28,505
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	55,770	27,755	28,020
Bengali	0	0	0	175	85	85
Gujarati	0	0	0	610	305	310
Hindi	0	0	0	4,815	2,300	2,515
Kashmiri	0	0	0	5	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	25	5	15
Marathi	0	0	0	15	5	10
Nepali	0	0	0	90	45	40
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	5	5	5
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	47,400	23,685	23,715
Sindhi	0	0	0	90	45	50
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	140	75	70
Urdu	0	0	0	2,395	1,190	1,205
Iranian languages	0	0	0	940	470	470
Kurdish	0	0	0	5	5	5
Pashto	0	0	0	290	155	135
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	640	310	330
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	10	15
Italic (Romance) languages	5	0	0	1,880	935	945
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	165	95	70
Portuguese	0	0	0	225	105	120
Romanian	0	0	0	100	50	45
Spanish	0	0	0	1,385	675	705
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	165	55	110
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	165	65	100
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	210	100	105
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	40	25	15
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	10	5	10
Ewe	0	0	0	5	5	5
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	5	5	0
Ga	0	0	0	5	5	5
Ganda	0	0	0	5	0	5
Igbo	0	0	0	15	0	10
Lingala	0	0	0	5	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	5	5	0
Shona	0	0	0	10	5	5
Swahili	0	0	0	50	20	25
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	10	5	5
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	15	20
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	15	5	5
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5
Sign languages	0	0	0	40	25	20
American Sign Language	0	0	0	15	10	10
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	25	15	10
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	2,515	1,165	1,345
Chinese languages	0	0	0	2,465	1,145	1,320
Cantonese	0	0	0	850	390	455
Hakka	0	0	0	20	10	10
Mandarin	0	0	0	1,350	625	725
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	145	70	80
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	20	10	10
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	75	35	40
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	55	25	30
Burmese	0	0	0	25	10	15
Karenic languages	0	0	0	20	5	10
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	65	20	45
Lao	0	0	0	30	10	15
Thai	0	0	0	40	5	30
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	85	50	40
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	70	40	30
Uyghur	0	0	0	5	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	5	5	5
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	155	65	85
Estonian	0	0	0	5	0	5
Finnish	0	0	0	30	10	15
Hungarian	0	0	0	125	55	70
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5
Multiple responses	10	5	5	6,165	3,120	3,050
English and French	5	5	5	170	70	100
English and non-official language	0	0	0	5,885	2,995	2,890
French and non-official language	0	0	0	40	20	20
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	75	30	40
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	1,935	990	940	113,805	56,520	57,285
Single responses	1,920	985	935	97,660	48,410	49,245
Official languages	1,920	990	935	49,150	24,500	24,655
English	1,910	975	930	48,950	24,400	24,555
French	15	10	5	205	100	100
Non-official languages	0	0	5	48,505	23,910	24,595
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	5	0	5
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	5	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	5	0	5
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	5
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	48,510	23,915	24,595
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	940	450	490
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	335	145	190
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	5	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	335	145	190
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	600	300	300
Amharic	0	0	0	40	15	25
Arabic	0	0	0	520	265	255
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	5	5	5
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	10	5	5
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	25	10	15
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	385	185	195
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	45	20	25
Vietnamese	0	0	0	330	160	175
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	1,395	650	745
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	45	15	25
Fijian	0	0	0	5	0	5
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	10	5	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	50	20	25
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	10	5	5
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	5	0	5
Pangasinan	0	0	0	10	5	5
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	1,260	585	670
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	5
Creole languages	0	0	0	45	20	25
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	35	15	15
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	5
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	250	120	135
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	100	50	50
Tamil	0	0	0	115	50	65
Telugu	0	0	0	30	15	10
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	5
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	43,265	21,485	21,780
Albanian	0	0	0	20	10	15
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	370	180	195
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	375	180	195
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	10	5	5
Bulgarian	0	0	0	5	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	15	5	10
Czech	0	0	0	10	5	10
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	130	60	70
Russian	0	0	0	155	70	80
Serbian	0	0	0	20	10	10
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	5	5	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	30	20	15
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	80	35	45
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	15	5	5
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	55	20	30
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	5	0	5
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	40	20	20
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	41,830	20,785	21,045
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	41,215	20,485	20,730
Bengali	0	0	0	100	55	50
Gujarati	0	0	0	330	150	180
Hindi	0	0	0	2,590	1,230	1,360
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	5	0	5
Marathi	0	0	0	5	0	5
Nepali	0	0	0	60	35	25
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	36,435	18,185	18,250
Sindhi	0	0	0	30	15	20
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	75	35	40
Urdu	0	0	0	1,585	780	805
Iranian languages	0	0	0	600	300	305
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	190	100	95
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	410	200	215
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	10
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	925	455	470
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	25	10	15
Portuguese	0	0	0	75	35	45
Romanian	0	0	0	50	20	25
Spanish	0	0	0	775	395	385
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	55	20	35
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	130	55	80
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	60	25	40
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	10	5	5
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	5	0	5
Igbo	0	0	0	5	0	5
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	10	5	5
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	20	10	15
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	10	5	5
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	5	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	45	25	20
American Sign Language	0	0	5	15	5	5
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	30	20	10
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	1,830	845	990
Chinese languages	0	0	0	1,780	820	960
Cantonese	0	0	0	550	250	300
Hakka	0	0	0	5	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	1,105	515	590
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	60	30	30
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	15	5	5
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	40	20	20
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	50	25	25
Burmese	0	0	0	30	15	15
Karenic languages	0	0	0	15	10	10
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	5	5
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	30	10	20
Lao	0	0	0	15	5	10
Thai	0	0	0	15	5	10
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	35	15	20
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	25	10	15
Uyghur	0	0	0	10	5	5
Uzbek	0	0	0	5	5	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	40	10	25
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	10	5	5
Hungarian	0	0	0	30	10	20
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	5
Multiple responses	10	5	5	16,145	8,110	8,035
English and French	10	5	5	105	55	55
English and non-official language	0	0	0	15,870	7,995	7,875
French and non-official language	0	0	0	30	10	20
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	135	50	90
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	1,935	990	945	113,805	56,520	57,290
None	1,880	970	915	82,765	40,960	41,805
English	5	0	0	16,210	8,300	7,915
French	35	15	25	380	170	210
Non-official language	5	0	5	13,975	6,860	7,115
Aboriginal	0	0	0	30	15	15
Non-Aboriginal	5	5	5	13,945	6,850	7,095
English and French	0	0	0	70	40	30
English and non-official language	0	0	0	330	160	165
French and non-official language	0	0	0	85	35	45
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	5	0	5
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	1,650	830	825	91,790	45,090	46,695
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	1,575	795	790	86,610	42,625	43,985
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	34,253	43,179	26,923	25,495	31,213	21,304
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	1,575	790	785	86,695	42,705	43,985
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	30,482	38,315	24,781	23,903	27,884	20,682
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	1,380	730	655	73,410	37,880	35,525
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	33,088	40,032	27,680	26,127	32,316	20,642
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	1,070	490	585	65,370	28,365	37,000
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,680	9,376	6,288	3,134	1,150	4,718
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	1,145	600	550	65,465	34,450	31,025
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	35,712	43,968	30,432	27,417	33,051	22,173
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	1,655	845	810	91,785	45,185	46,595
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	1,595	835	765	86,610	42,595	44,015
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	42,247	50,974	32,749	33,045	38,463	27,801
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	1,600	830	765	86,740	42,720	44,015
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	35,428	41,704	28,597	28,826	32,681	25,084
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	1,375	760	615	73,655	37,800	35,850
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	42,733	50,035	33,712	33,226	39,168	26,961
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	1,070	505	570	65,255	28,335	36,925
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	8,113	8,738	7,562	6,357	5,573	6,959
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	1,145	625	515	65,460	34,290	31,170
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	44,399	53,261	33,570	34,051	39,592	27,956
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	1,655	845	810	91,785	45,190	46,595
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	655	365	295	24,740	14,785	9,960
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	43,840	51,500	39,173	45,171	48,383	40,966
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	52,833	61,087	42,642	50,711	54,899	44,492
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	86.4	88.3	83.5	85.6	90.5	78.9
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	74.5	76.3	72.0	77.7	82.7	70.9
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	13.5	11.5	16.6	14.4	9.5	21.1
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	1,655	830	825	91,785	45,095	46,695
Without total income	75	40	40	5,175	2,470	2,710
With total income	1,580	795	785	86,610	42,625	43,980
Percentage with total income	95.5	95.8	95.2	94.4	94.5	94.2
Under $10,000 (including loss)	205	70	135	16,275	6,700	9,575
$10,000 to $19,999	245	90	155	19,345	7,980	11,365
$20,000 to $29,999	250	105	150	13,125	5,925	7,195
$30,000 to $39,999	205	95	115	10,740	5,345	5,395
$40,000 to $49,999	195	105	90	8,575	4,545	4,025
$50,000 to $59,999	120	75	40	6,155	3,535	2,620
$60,000 to $69,999	85	50	35	4,195	2,690	1,510
$70,000 to $79,999	65	40	25	2,710	1,840	865
$80,000 to $89,999	45	35	10	1,885	1,295	590
$90,000 to $99,999	50	35	10	1,170	845	320
$100,000 and over	105	80	20	2,435	1,915	520
$100,000 to $149,999	85	65	20	1,915	1,485	430
$150,000 and over	20	20	5	520	430	90
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	1,655	830	825	91,785	45,095	46,695
Without after-tax income	80	35	40	5,090	2,385	2,710
With after-tax income	1,575	795	785	86,695	42,710	43,985
Percentage with after-tax income	95.2	95.8	95.2	94.5	94.7	94.2
Under $10,000 (including loss)	210	70	140	16,695	7,035	9,660
$10,000 to $19,999	265	95	175	20,185	8,480	11,705
$20,000 to $29,999	300	140	160	15,575	7,260	8,315
$30,000 to $39,999	255	120	135	12,205	6,190	6,010
$40,000 to $49,999	195	120	80	8,930	4,930	3,995
$50,000 to $59,999	120	75	45	5,530	3,435	2,100
$60,000 to $69,999	70	45	25	3,145	2,120	1,025
$70,000 to $79,999	70	55	15	1,885	1,290	595
$80,000 and over	85	65	20	2,550	1,970	580
$80,000 to $89,999	30	25	10	1,030	765	270
$90,000 to $99,999	20	15	0	540	430	115
$100,000 and over	30	25	10	975	780	200
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	1,650	830	825	91,785	45,095	46,690
Without employment income	510	235	275	26,315	10,650	15,670
With employment income	1,145	600	545	65,470	34,445	31,020
Percentage with employment income	69.4	72.3	66.1	71.3	76.4	66.4
Under $5,000 (including loss)	135	65	65	8,455	3,770	4,690
$5,000 to $9,999	65	25	45	6,000	2,410	3,585
$10,000 to $19,999	150	60	90	11,150	5,025	6,125
$20,000 to $29,999	130	60	70	9,335	4,590	4,745
$30,000 to $39,999	155	65	85	8,275	4,385	3,890
$40,000 to $49,999	130	55	70	6,905	3,790	3,115
$50,000 to $59,999	95	60	30	5,030	3,070	1,960
$60,000 to $69,999	70	40	30	3,480	2,345	1,135
$70,000 to $79,999	65	35	20	2,295	1,605	690
$80,000 and over	160	125	35	4,540	3,450	1,090
$80,000 to $89,999	30	20	10	1,625	1,135	495
$90,000 to $99,999	40	35	10	955	715	240
$100,000 and over	90	70	20	1,960	1,600	360
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	815	...	...	33,670	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	69,504	...	...	73,371	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	59,360	...	...	65,114	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	185	...	...	5,855	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	40,192	...	...	35,933	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	35,392	...	...	31,990	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	630	...	...	27,815	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	83,328	...	...	83,384	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	71,424	...	...	74,279	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	810	...	...	33,620	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	83,236	...	...	85,121	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	69,801	...	...	74,362	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	185	...	...	5,850	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	43,160	...	...	41,245	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	37,126	...	...	35,563	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	620	...	...	27,775	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	95,462	...	...	94,358	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	79,769	...	...	82,529	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	810	...	...	33,670	...	...
Under $5,000	5	...	...	475	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	10	...	...	355	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	10	...	...	735	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	15	...	...	1,060	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	30	...	...	1,110	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	35	...	...	1,230	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	35	...	...	1,275	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	40	...	...	1,420	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	40	...	...	1,345	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	35	...	...	1,415	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	75	...	...	2,885	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	55	...	...	2,690	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	55	...	...	2,480	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	50	...	...	2,440	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	50	...	...	1,990	...	...
$100,000 and over	250	...	...	10,765	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	90	...	...	4,135	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	60	...	...	2,575	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	70	...	...	2,615	...	...
$200,000 and over	30	...	...	1,435	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	810	...	...	33,665	...	...
Under $5,000	10	...	...	495	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	15	...	...	365	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	10	...	...	750	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	20	...	...	1,100	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	35	...	...	1,235	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	40	...	...	1,435	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	40	...	...	1,580	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	55	...	...	1,640	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	55	...	...	1,685	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	40	...	...	1,735	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	95	...	...	3,285	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	65	...	...	2,975	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	70	...	...	2,775	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	60	...	...	2,495	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	45	...	...	2,035	...	...
$100,000 and over	160	...	...	8,085	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	85	...	...	3,685	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	50	...	...	2,070	...	...
$150,000 and over	35	...	...	2,335	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	620	...	...	27,145	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	81,664	...	...	82,917	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	70,528	...	...	73,863	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	3.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	305	...	...	5,365	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	70,656	...	...	68,940	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	61,312	...	...	61,166	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	235	...	...	16,935	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	106,496	...	...	93,845	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	90,112	...	...	83,715	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	3.8	...	...	4.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	65	...	...	3,685	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	49,152	...	...	51,495	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	44,288	...	...	47,526	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.4	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	615	...	...	27,090	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	94,647	...	...	94,002	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	79,018	...	...	82,156	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	310	...	...	5,400	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	90,106	...	...	81,072	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	75,313	...	...	69,157	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	240	...	...	17,005	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	107,798	...	...	104,656	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	89,122	...	...	91,785	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	65	...	...	3,560	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	64,362	...	...	60,970	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	56,957	...	...	54,392	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	215	120	95	9,335	5,030	4,300
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	39,296	40,576	38,272	28,143	29,348	27,029
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	33,920	34,688	33,792	26,089	26,887	25,428
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	220	115	100	9,380	4,840	4,535
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	42,045	41,942	42,163	33,625	33,790	33,448
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	36,242	35,775	36,774	29,271	29,192	29,356
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	1,930	990	940	113,385	56,335	57,055
In the bottom half of the distribution	980	505	475	67,320	33,050	34,275
In the bottom decile	140	75	65	11,870	5,875	5,995
In the second decile	185	90	95	12,645	6,090	6,555
In the third decile	220	110	110	14,020	6,815	7,205
In the fourth decile	220	120	95	14,660	7,250	7,410
In the fifth decile	215	110	105	14,130	7,015	7,110
In the top half of the distribution	950	485	465	46,065	23,285	22,780
In the sixth decile	215	110	105	12,630	6,310	6,320
In the seventh decile	215	110	105	11,075	5,580	5,495
In the eighth decile	230	115	115	9,845	5,000	4,840
In the ninth decile	185	95	90	7,980	4,080	3,895
In the top decile	105	50	55	4,535	2,315	2,225
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	1,930	990	940	113,385	56,335	57,055
0 to 17 years	340	195	140	26,075	13,600	12,475
0 to 5 years	100	60	45	8,445	4,345	4,100
18 to 64 years	1,260	615	645	72,650	35,855	36,800
65 years and over	330	175	155	14,655	6,880	7,780
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	230	115	120	17,850	8,645	9,205
0 to 17 years	50	25	25	5,620	2,915	2,700
0 to 5 years	5	5	5	1,805	920	880
18 to 64 years	130	65	65	10,230	4,890	5,345
65 years and over	50	25	25	1,995	835	1,155
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	11.9	11.6	12.8	15.7	15.3	16.1
0 to 17 years (%)	14.7	12.8	17.9	21.6	21.4	21.6
0 to 5 years (%)	5.0	8.3	11.1	21.4	21.2	21.5
18 to 64 years (%)	10.3	10.6	10.1	14.1	13.6	14.5
65 years and over (%)	15.2	14.3	16.1	13.6	12.1	14.8
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	75	45	30	14,180	6,975	7,205
0 to 17 years	15	5	5	4,295	2,210	2,085
0 to 5 years	0	0	0	1,370	690	675
18 to 64 years	50	30	20	8,715	4,290	4,430
65 years and over	0	0	0	1,175	480	700
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.9	4.5	3.2	12.5	12.4	12.6
0 to 17 years (%)	4.4	2.6	3.6	16.5	16.3	16.7
0 to 5 years (%)	0.0	0.0	0.0	16.2	15.9	16.5
18 to 64 years (%)	4.0	4.9	3.1	12.0	12.0	12.0
65 years and over (%)	0.0	0.0	0.0	8.0	7.0	9.0
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	1,935	990	940	113,495	56,350	57,145
Official languages	1,925	990	935	101,945	51,770	50,170
English	1,925	990	935	101,885	51,735	50,145
French	200	75	125	3,850	1,870	1,975
Non-official languages	50	10	35	82,035	40,355	41,680
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	95	35	60
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	20	10	15
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	10	10	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	10
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	10	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	20	10	10
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	20	10	10
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	45	15	30
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	30	15	20
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	10
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	10
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	10	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	10	0	10
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	45	10	40	81,940	40,320	41,620
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	2,025	950	1,075
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	830	345	485
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	10	10
Somali	0	0	0	825	345	485
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	1,230	625	605
Amharic	0	0	0	140	60	85
Arabic	0	0	0	1,010	520	490
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	10	0	10
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	25	10	10
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	25	20	10
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	60	30	30
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	745	375	370
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	120	55	70
Vietnamese	0	0	0	625	325	305
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	4,360	1,880	2,480
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	295	110	185
Fijian	0	0	0	145	90	55
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	30	10	20
Ilocano	0	0	0	165	55	105
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	175	65	105
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	25	10	15
Pangasinan	0	0	0	70	30	40
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	3,960	1,685	2,275
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	10	15
Creole languages	0	0	0	165	100	65
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	10	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	95	55	45
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	60	45	20
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	705	375	330
Kannada	0	0	0	45	15	25
Malayalam	0	0	0	265	145	120
Tamil	0	0	0	390	210	185
Telugu	0	0	0	65	35	25
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	30	0	35	70,630	35,190	35,440
Albanian	0	0	0	25	15	15
Armenian	0	0	0	25	20	10
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	990	485	510
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	10	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	985	475	510
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	75	35	40
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	75	40	40
Czech	0	0	0	90	45	45
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	235	100	140
Russian	0	0	0	300	145	160
Serbian	0	0	0	65	30	35
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Slovak	0	0	0	65	30	30
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	25	15	10
Ukrainian	0	0	0	140	70	65
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	10	10	10
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	10	10	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	35	0	35	850	335	515
Afrikaans	0	0	0	10	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	50	15	30
Dutch	0	0	0	150	75	70
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	15	0	15	600	235	365
Icelandic	0	0	0	10	0	10
Norwegian	0	0	0	15	0	15
Swedish	15	0	15	30	0	25
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	145	75	70
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	66,375	33,180	33,200
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	65,485	32,765	32,720
Bengali	0	0	0	320	160	160
Gujarati	0	0	0	820	385	435
Hindi	0	0	0	15,885	7,620	8,260
Kashmiri	0	0	0	10	10	0
Konkani	0	0	0	35	20	15
Marathi	0	0	0	55	20	35
Nepali	0	0	0	80	35	45
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	56,300	28,400	27,900
Sindhi	0	0	0	85	40	45
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	210	105	100
Urdu	0	0	0	3,240	1,670	1,575
Iranian languages	0	0	0	1,090	515	570
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	405	215	190
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	770	350	410
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	95	40	60
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	2,630	1,325	1,300
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	225	130	100
Portuguese	0	0	0	275	140	135
Romanian	0	0	0	100	60	40
Spanish	0	0	0	2,085	1,030	1,055
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	10	0
Japanese	0	0	0	210	105	105
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	135	55	80
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	410	180	230
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	45	20	20
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	25	10	10
Ewe	0	0	0	20	10	10
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	10
Ga	0	0	0	15	15	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	10
Igbo	0	0	0	15	10	10
Lingala	0	0	0	0	10	10
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	30	25	10
Shona	0	0	0	10	10	0
Swahili	0	0	0	145	85	70
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	35	20	15
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	130	35	95
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	10	10	10	145	70	80
American Sign Language	0	0	10	60	20	40
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	90	45	40
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	2,930	1,355	1,575
Chinese languages	0	0	0	2,835	1,315	1,515
Cantonese	0	0	0	1,040	495	545
Hakka	0	0	0	35	15	25
Mandarin	0	0	0	1,985	925	1,060
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	235	125	110
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	15	0	15
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	50	25	30
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	95	35	55
Burmese	0	0	0	25	15	10
Karenic languages	0	0	0	65	30	35
Tibetan	0	0	0	10	0	10
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	65	15	40
Lao	0	0	0	20	10	10
Thai	0	0	0	40	10	30
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	100	45	50
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	80	40	40
Uyghur	0	0	0	10	0	10
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	215	115	95
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	30	15	15
Hungarian	0	0	0	180	100	80
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	45	20	25
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	1,930	990	940	113,490	56,350	57,145
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	1,925	985	940	92,695	46,050	46,640
Canadian citizens aged under 18	330	175	155	23,880	12,325	11,555
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	1,590	810	785	68,820	33,730	35,085
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	0	10	0	20,795	10,290	10,500
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	1,930	990	940	113,490	56,345	57,145
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	1,895	980	915	52,490	26,630	25,855
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	35	10	25	58,175	28,095	30,080
Before 1981	25	0	20	7,365	3,580	3,785
1981 to 1990	10	0	0	6,305	3,055	3,245
1991 to 2000	0	0	0	14,975	7,110	7,865
2001 to 2010	10	0	0	19,085	9,215	9,870
2001 to 2005	0	0	0	8,825	4,230	4,590
2006 to 2010	10	0	0	10,260	4,990	5,275
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	0	0	0	10,450	5,135	5,315
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	0	0	0	2,830	1,620	1,210
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	35	0	25	58,175	28,095	30,080
Under 5 years	10	0	10	3,380	1,815	1,570
5 to 14 years	15	0	10	7,095	3,825	3,270
15 to 24 years	10	0	0	16,300	7,165	9,130
25 to 44 years	10	10	0	20,805	10,485	10,320
45 years and over	10	0	10	10,600	4,800	5,795
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	30	10	25	58,180	28,095	30,080
Americas	10	0	10	2,085	1,070	1,015
Brazil	0	0	0	10	0	10
Colombia	0	0	0	145	70	75
El Salvador	0	0	0	330	175	160
Guyana	0	0	0	45	25	20
Haiti	0	0	0	25	10	15
Jamaica	0	0	0	105	75	30
Mexico	0	0	0	180	90	85
Peru	0	0	0	55	35	25
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	55	15	40
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	10	0	10	545	300	250
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	580	275	305
Europe	25	10	20	3,310	1,515	1,795
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	85	40	40
Croatia	0	0	0	50	15	30
France	0	0	0	20	15	10
Germany	0	0	10	280	135	145
Greece	0	0	0	80	40	40
Hungary	0	0	0	105	40	60
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	0	0	0	35	15	20
Italy	0	0	0	105	50	55
Netherlands	0	0	0	130	55	80
Poland	0	0	0	200	75	125
Portugal	0	0	0	185	95	95
Romania	0	0	0	75	55	20
Russian Federation	0	0	0	80	25	50
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	0	0	0	25	15	10
Ukraine	0	0	0	130	75	55
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	20	10	15	1,355	580	775
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	375	185	190
Africa	0	0	0	1,815	850	970
Algeria	0	0	0	35	20	15
Egypt	0	0	0	40	10	25
Ethiopia	0	0	0	130	45	80
Kenya	0	0	0	185	80	100
Morocco	0	0	0	60	35	30
Nigeria	0	0	0	95	55	40
Somalia	0	0	0	475	215	260
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	125	60	65
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	675	325	350
Asia	0	0	0	47,730	23,205	24,530
Afghanistan	0	0	0	420	195	230
Bangladesh	0	0	0	180	95	85
China^{Census data footnote 59}	0	0	0	980	445	535
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	0	0	0	370	170	195
India	0	0	0	36,505	17,970	18,535
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	0	0	0	120	55	70
Iraq	0	0	0	165	80	90
Japan	0	0	0	115	35	80
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	0	0	0	95	35	65
Lebanon	0	0	0	90	40	55
Pakistan	0	0	0	1,975	1,045	930
Philippines	0	0	0	4,005	1,735	2,270
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	285	145	140
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	0	0	0	165	90	75
Taiwan	0	0	0	640	275	360
Viet Nam	0	0	0	430	205	220
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	1,190	590	600
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	0	0	0	3,230	1,460	1,775
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	0	0	0	10,450	5,135	5,315
Americas	0	0	0	265	145	120
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	10	10	15
Cuba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	20	15	10
Mexico	0	0	0	75	45	30
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	0	0	0	55	30	15
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	0	0	0	0	0	10
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	95	50	50
Europe	0	0	0	195	95	100
France	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	10	10	10
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	0	0	0	0	0	10
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	0	0	0	10	0	10
Romania	0	0	0	10	0	10
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	10
Ukraine	0	0	0	10	10	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	0	0	0	30	25	10
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	105	45	65
Africa	0	0	0	550	255	295
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	15	0	10
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	30	15	10
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	45	15	30
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	20	10	10
Nigeria	0	0	0	50	30	20
Somalia	0	0	0	225	95	135
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	10	10	10
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	155	85	70
Asia	0	0	0	9,340	4,600	4,740
Afghanistan	0	0	0	75	40	30
Bangladesh	0	0	0	30	15	15
China^{Census data footnote 59}	0	0	0	125	45	80
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	0	0	0	20	10	15
India	0	0	0	7,585	3,830	3,760
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	0	0	0	10	10	0
Iraq	0	0	0	70	30	35
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	35	10	20
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	0	0	0	20	10	10
Lebanon	0	0	0	10	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0	10	0	10
Pakistan	0	0	0	310	155	155
Philippines	0	0	0	635	255	380
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	70	35	35
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	0	0	0	165	85	75
Taiwan	0	0	0	30	0	35
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	20	20	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	20	10	15
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	105	45	55
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	0	0	0	105	40	65
Australia	0	0	0	20	0	10
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	0	0	0	90	35	50
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	1,930	990	940	113,495	56,345	57,145
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	40	10	25	61,445	29,920	31,525
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	130	60	65	33,095	17,040	16,050
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	1,765	915	845	18,950	9,380	9,565
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	15	10	10	51,460	24,815	26,645
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	0	0	0	16,205	8,295	7,910
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	0	0	0	6,300	3,780	2,525
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	0	0	0	9,900	4,515	5,385
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	15	10	10	30,705	14,160	16,545
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	0	0	0	4,240	2,205	2,035
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	0	0	0	310	150	160
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	1,930	990	940	113,490	56,345	57,145
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	45	15	25	2,670	1,230	1,440
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	45	15	30	2,600	1,200	1,400
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	40	10	25	1,615	730	880
Métis	0	10	0	960	460	505
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	25	10	20
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	0	0	0	40	15	20
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	0	0	0	25	15	10
Non-Aboriginal identity	1,890	975	915	110,825	55,115	55,705
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	1,930	990	940	113,495	56,345	57,145
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	15	10	10	955	395	565
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	1,915	985	930	112,535	55,955	56,580
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	1,930	990	940	113,490	56,345	57,145
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	20	0	20	725	325	400
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	20	0	15	695	320	380
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	20	0	15	485	210	275
Métis single ancestry	0	0	0	185	105	85
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	20	0	15
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	0	0	0	30	10	20
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	0	0	0	20	10	15
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	10	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	55	20	40	2,215	1,065	1,150
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	50	15	35	2,115	1,015	1,100
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	50	15	40	1,475	695	785
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	10	0	0	635	325	310
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	10
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	0	10	0	95	45	50
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	10	0	0	80	45	35
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	15	0	10
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	1,855	965	890	110,550	54,955	55,600
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	1,930	990	940	113,490	56,345	57,145
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	10	0	10	86,440	42,995	43,445
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	0	0	0	68,880	34,570	34,315
Chinese	0	0	0	3,250	1,510	1,740
Black	10	0	10	2,270	1,095	1,175
Filipino	0	0	0	5,405	2,450	2,955
Latin American	0	0	0	1,640	805	835
Arab	0	0	0	860	435	420
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	0	0	0	1,245	605	640
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	0	0	0	830	410	415
Korean	0	0	0	155	75	80
Japanese	0	0	0	360	200	165
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	0	0	0	335	180	155
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	0	0	0	1,205	655	555
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	1,925	990	940	27,050	13,350	13,705
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	1,935	990	945	113,490	56,345	57,145
North American Aboriginal origins	80	20	55	2,940	1,390	1,550
First Nations (North American Indian)	75	20	50	2,075	955	1,115
Inuit	0	0	0	50	10	40
Métis	10	10	0	940	480	465
Other North American origins	985	520	460	11,275	5,615	5,660
Acadian	0	0	0	15	0	10
American	0	0	0	695	300	395
Canadian	980	520	465	10,830	5,430	5,400
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	20	10	10
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ontarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Québécois	0	0	0	20	10	20
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	0	0	0	0	0	0
European origins	1,245	620	625	25,500	12,570	12,930
British Isles origins	1,125	565	565	16,190	7,880	8,305
Channel Islander	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cornish	0	0	0	0	0	0
English	595	340	260	9,775	4,730	5,045
Irish	645	345	295	5,495	2,425	3,070
Manx	0	0	0	10	0	10
Scottish	465	215	250	7,115	3,360	3,755
Welsh	15	0	10	895	425	470
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	60	30	30	1,160	575	590
French origins	310	180	135	3,300	1,500	1,800
Alsatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	0	0	0
Corsican	0	0	0	0	0	0
French	310	180	140	3,300	1,500	1,800
Western European origins (except French origins)	190	85	110	6,690	3,285	3,405
Austrian	15	20	0	345	175	170
Bavarian	0	0	0	0	10	0
Belgian	15	10	0	185	95	90
Dutch	35	0	30	1,595	780	815
Flemish	0	0	0	15	10	10
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	10
German	145	65	75	4,905	2,375	2,530
Luxembourger	0	0	0	10	0	0
Swiss	10	10	0	165	90	75
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	0	0	0	25	10	15
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	65	20	45	2,595	1,180	1,415
Danish	10	0	10	445	230	215
Finnish	0	0	0	250	110	145
Icelandic	0	0	0	200	65	135
Norwegian	50	20	30	1,100	515	585
Swedish	10	0	10	780	330	450
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	0	0	0	85	60	25
Eastern European origins	55	35	20	5,170	2,605	2,560
Bulgarian	0	0	0	25	10	15
Byelorussian	0	0	0	10	10	10
Czech	25	10	10	220	110	105
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	0	0	10	60	20	40
Estonian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	660	365	295
Latvian	0	0	0	45	25	20
Lithuanian	0	0	0	35	15	20
Moldovan	0	0	0	10	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	1,250	575	675
Romanian	0	0	0	280	150	125
Russian	20	20	0	1,145	575	570
Slovak	0	0	0	70	40	35
Ukrainian	15	10	10	2,190	1,095	1,095
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	0	0	0	10	10	0
Southern European origins	70	25	50	4,220	2,140	2,075
Albanian	0	0	0	15	10	10
Bosnian	0	0	0	75	40	35
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	145	85	60
Cypriot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	280	150	125
Italian	45	15	30	1,280	645	635
Kosovar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	10	0
Maltese	0	0	0	10	10	0
Montenegrin	0	0	0	10	10	10
Portuguese	10	0	10	700	370	335
Serbian	0	0	0	70	40	30
Sicilian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovenian	0	0	0	60	30	30
Spanish	25	10	10	1,690	855	835
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	0	0	0	30	15	15
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	0	0	0	10	10	0
Other European origins	0	0	0	325	185	145
Basque	0	0	0	0	0	10
Jewish	0	0	0	120	60	60
Roma (Gypsy)	0	0	0	10	0	10
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	0	0	0	10	0	0
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	0	0	0	195	120	75
Caribbean origins	10	10	10	580	290	290
Antiguan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bahamian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Barbadian	0	0	0	30	10	25
Bermudan	0	0	0	0	10	0
Carib	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuban	0	0	0	55	30	30
Dominican	0	0	0	10	0	10
Grenadian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	0	0	0	30	10	20
Jamaican	0	0	0	255	140	120
Kittitian/Nevisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Martinican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montserratan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	0	0	0	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	95	50	45
Vincentian/Grenadinian	0	0	0	15	10	10
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	0	0	0	60	30	35
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	0	0	0	40	15	25
Latin, Central and South American origins	0	0	0	1,570	770	805
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	0	0	0	60	30	25
Arawak	0	0	0	10	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0	25	10	15
Belizean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bolivian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Brazilian	0	0	0	20	10	15
Chilean	0	0	0	35	20	20
Colombian	0	0	0	180	100	80
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	135	55	80
Guyanese	0	0	0	35	10	25
Hispanic	0	0	0	90	40	50
Honduran	0	0	0	165	90	75
Maya	0	0	0	15	10	10
Mexican	0	0	0	360	180	175
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	75	25	45
Panamanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	10	0	10
Peruvian	0	0	0	25	15	10
Salvadorean	0	0	0	280	155	125
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	10	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	0	0	0	215	90	125
African origins	0	0	0	2,600	1,270	1,330
Central and West African origins	0	0	0	355	185	165
Akan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Angolan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ashanti	0	0	0	40	10	30
Beninese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burkinabe	0	0	0	15	10	10
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0	50	20	30
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	35	15	15
Gabonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	125	80	40
Guinean	0	0	0	10	10	10
Ibo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Liberian	0	0	0	20	10	10
Malian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malinké	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	0	0	0	85	45	40
Peulh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sierra Leonean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Togolese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	10	0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	0	0	0	30	15	15
North African origins	0	0	0	240	130	105
Algerian	0	0	0	30	20	10
Berber	0	0	0	20	15	10
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	0	0	0	60	30	35
Libyan	0	0	0	10	10	0
Maure	0	0	0	10	10	0
Moroccan	0	0	0	85	50	30
Sudanese	0	0	0	15	10	10
Tunisian	0	0	0	15	10	10
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins	0	0	0	1,465	655	815
Afrikaner	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	30	10	15
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	0	0	0	60	40	20
Burundian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Djiboutian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	40	20	20
Ethiopian	0	0	0	155	75	80
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0	20	10	10
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0	105	60	45
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Seychellois	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	900	380	520
South African	0	0	0	115	45	70
Tanzanian	0	0	0	20	10	10
Tigrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	20	10	10
Zulu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	0	0	0	30	10	20
Other African origins	0	0	10	570	310	260
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	0	0	0	90	50	35
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	0	0	0	510	275	235
Asian origins	10	0	0	80,295	39,990	40,305
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	0	0	0	2,080	1,065	1,010
Afghan	0	0	0	595	275	325
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	0	0	0	275	130	145
Armenian	0	0	0	20	10	10
Assyrian	0	0	0	15	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	10	10	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hazara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian	0	0	0	330	185	145
Iraqi	0	0	0	210	95	110
Israeli	0	0	0	20	15	0
Jordanian	0	0	0	20	15	10
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurd	0	0	0	15	10	0
Kuwaiti	0	0	0	20	15	0
Kyrgyz	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanese	0	0	0	195	105	90
Palestinian	0	0	0	85	35	50
Pashtun	0	0	0	80	55	25
Saudi Arabian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Syrian	0	0	0	120	65	55
Tajik	0	0	0	20	10	15
Tatar	0	0	0	0	0	10
Turk	0	0	0	100	50	45
Turkmen	0	0	0	15	10	10
Uighur	0	0	0	15	0	10
Uzbek	0	0	0	20	15	10
Yemeni	0	0	0	20	10	10
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	0	0	0	110	55	60
South Asian origins	10	0	0	67,515	33,970	33,545
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	170	70	95
Bengali	0	0	0	35	20	20
Bhutanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
East Indian	0	10	0	56,825	28,545	28,280
Goan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	40	20	20
Kashmiri	0	0	0	25	10	10
Nepali	0	0	0	90	45	50
Pakistani	0	0	0	2,410	1,270	1,140
Punjabi	0	0	0	9,915	5,045	4,865
Sinhalese	0	0	0	50	30	25
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	290	145	140
Tamil	0	0	0	55	30	25
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	0	0	0	1,500	780	720
East and Southeast Asian origins	0	0	0	10,995	5,140	5,850
Burmese	0	0	0	20	10	15
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	180	75	105
Chinese	0	0	0	4,195	1,980	2,220
Filipino	0	0	0	5,650	2,580	3,065
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	75	30	45
Japanese	0	0	0	515	305	215
Karen	0	0	0	65	30	35
Korean	0	0	0	170	80	95
Laotian	0	0	0	60	25	40
Malaysian	0	0	0	155	85	75
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	10	0	10
Taiwanese	0	0	0	230	100	125
Thai	0	0	0	65	10	55
Tibetan	0	0	0	10	0	10
Vietnamese	0	0	0	720	395	330
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	0	0	0	10	0	10
Other Asian origins	0	0	0	130	70	60
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	0	0	0	130	65	60
Oceania origins	0	0	0	2,550	1,265	1,285
Australian	0	0	0	100	55	40
New Zealander	0	0	0	55	25	25
Pacific Islands origins	0	0	0	2,395	1,185	1,215
Fijian	0	0	0	2,240	1,120	1,120
Hawaiian	0	0	0	85	25	60
Maori	0	0	0	15	10	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	0	0	0	15	15	10
Samoan	0	0	0	50	25	25
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	0	0	0	25	10	15
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	810	...	...	33,625	...	...
Owner	780	...	...	22,610	...	...
Renter	30	...	...	11,015	...	...
Band housing	0	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	815	...	...	33,620	...	...
Condominium	0	...	...	7,340	...	...
Not condominium	810	...	...	26,280	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	810	...	...	33,625	...	...
No bedrooms	0	...	...	135	...	...
1 bedroom	25	...	...	3,460	...	...
2 bedrooms	150	...	...	9,265	...	...
3 bedrooms	450	...	...	9,785	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	190	...	...	10,975	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	815	...	...	33,620	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	60	...	...	11,795	...	...
5 rooms	125	...	...	5,195	...	...
6 rooms	155	...	...	4,490	...	...
7 rooms	170	...	...	3,425	...	...
8 or more rooms	310	...	...	8,715	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	7.3	...	...	5.9	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	810	...	...	33,620	...	...
One person or fewer per room	810	...	...	30,020	...	...
More than 1 person per room	0	...	...	3,600	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	810	...	...	33,625	...	...
Suitable	800	...	...	28,875	...	...
Not suitable	15	...	...	4,750	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	810	...	...	33,620	...	...
1960 or before	180	...	...	760	...	...
1961 to 1980	245	...	...	5,725	...	...
1981 to 1990	130	...	...	8,000	...	...
1991 to 2000	135	...	...	8,970	...	...
2001 to 2005	30	...	...	3,560	...	...
2006 to 2010	45	...	...	3,225	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	50	...	...	3,385	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	810	...	...	33,620	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	755	...	...	32,250	...	...
Major repairs needed	60	...	...	1,375	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	810	...	...	33,620	...	...
1 household maintainer	465	...	...	17,640	...	...
2 household maintainers	320	...	...	13,265	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	25	...	...	2,720	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	810	...	...	33,620	...	...
15 to 24 years	10	...	...	795	...	...
25 to 34 years	85	...	...	4,630	...	...
35 to 44 years	110	...	...	7,480	...	...
45 to 54 years	175	...	...	7,755	...	...
55 to 64 years	215	...	...	6,520	...	...
65 to 74 years	160	...	...	4,000	...	...
75 to 84 years	40	...	...	1,805	...	...
85 years and over	10	...	...	640	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	810	...	...	33,605	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	745	...	...	24,040	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	65	...	...	9,570	...	...
30% to less than 100%	55	...	...	8,640	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	780	...	...	22,605	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	55.8	...	...	72.0	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	7.7	...	...	26.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	682	...	...	1,535	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	780	...	...	1,583	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	159,873	...	...	601,495	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	196,276	...	...	621,447	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	30	...	...	11,015	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	0.0	...	...	14.6	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	0.0	...	...	32.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	0	...	...	798	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	0	...	...	931	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	1,660	850	810	91,785	45,190	46,595
No certificate, diploma or degree	255	135	120	21,835	10,150	11,680
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	510	205	310	31,760	16,755	15,005
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	895	510	385	38,190	18,275	19,910
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	260	215	45	5,215	3,590	1,630
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	85	60	30	2,685	1,520	1,165
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	170	155	20	2,530	2,070	460
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	355	175	185	12,430	5,055	7,375
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	65	20	40	3,285	1,555	1,735
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	215	105	110	17,255	8,080	9,170
Bachelor's degree	155	85	65	11,385	5,370	6,015
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	20	10	10	1,180	510	670
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	10	0	405	225	180
Master's degree	40	0	35	4,000	1,780	2,220
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	0	0	0	280	185	95
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	1,135	565	570	61,160	29,715	31,440
No certificate, diploma or degree	100	45	60	10,670	5,100	5,575
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	355	140	215	19,965	10,375	9,595
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	680	380	295	30,520	14,245	16,275
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	160	145	20	3,770	2,545	1,230
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	50	30	15	1,975	1,085	890
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	115	110	0	1,795	1,460	340
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	295	135	155	9,815	3,910	5,900
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	40	15	25	2,315	1,050	1,270
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	180	80	100	14,625	6,745	7,875
Bachelor's degree	125	65	60	9,510	4,470	5,035
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	15	0	10	990	435	555
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	350	185	165
Master's degree	35	0	30	3,565	1,525	2,045
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	0	0	0	205	130	80
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	1,660	845	810	91,785	45,190	46,595
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	765	335	425	53,590	26,915	26,685
Education	65	15	50	2,020	410	1,610
13. Education	65	15	50	2,020	415	1,610
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	20	15	0	950	435	520
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	10	10	0	205	135	70
50. Visual and performing arts	15	10	0	745	300	445
Humanities	15	0	15	4,045	1,625	2,420
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	0	0	0	465	135	325
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	550	160	390
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	0	0	10	2,440	1,000	1,435
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	0	0	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	10	65	45	15
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	170	110	60
54. History	0	0	0	345	170	175
55. French language and literature/letters	0	0	10	15	0	15
Social and behavioural sciences and law	50	20	30	4,135	1,420	2,710
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	25	0	20
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	0	0	0	265	100	170
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	15	0	15	860	60	800
22. Legal professions and studies	0	0	0	550	170	385
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	0	0	0	30	20	10
42. Psychology	10	10	10	550	150	400
45. Social sciences	25	10	10	1,860	930	935
Business, management and public administration	145	35	115	7,555	3,245	4,310
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	20	10	15
44. Public administration and social service professions	10	0	0	270	45	230
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	140	30	115	7,265	3,195	4,075
Physical and life sciences and technologies	20	10	15	1,525	795	730
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	10	0	0	460	215	250
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	15	0	10	705	370	335
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	0	0	0	10	10	0
40. Physical sciences	0	0	10	320	195	125
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	35	10	25
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	30	15	10	2,110	1,255	850
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	30	15	10	1,775	1,095	680
25. Library science	0	0	0	40	0	35
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	280	160	125
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	0	0	0	15	0	10
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	310	300	10	7,315	6,735	575
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	165	125	45
14. Engineering	40	40	0	2,220	1,890	330
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	55	50	0	1,155	1,045	105
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	110	110	10	1,440	1,385	55
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	65	60	0	1,625	1,595	30
48. Precision production	40	45	0	715	700	15
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	10	10	10	455	320	130
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	0	0	10	355	250	105
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	100	70	25
Health and related fields	130	20	115	6,195	1,195	4,995
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	10	0	10	275	145	125
51. Health professions and related programs	115	10	100	5,850	1,015	4,835
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	0	0	0	70	35	35
Personal, protective and transportation services	95	75	15	1,885	825	1,055
12. Personal and culinary services	40	20	15	1,260	330	925
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	20	15	0	255	165	90
49. Transportation and materials moving	40	40	0	370	325	45
Other	0	0	0	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	1,135	565	570	61,160	29,715	31,440
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	460	190	270	30,640	15,475	15,165
Education	55	15	40	1,360	205	1,150
13. Education	60	15	40	1,355	210	1,150
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	10	0	0	715	320	395
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	150	100	50
50. Visual and performing arts	15	10	0	565	220	340
Humanities	15	0	15	3,445	1,315	2,130
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	0	0	0	390	105	285
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	445	115	325
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	10	0	10	2,145	850	1,295
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	0	0	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	50	35	20
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	120	70	50
54. History	0	0	0	290	145	150
55. French language and literature/letters	10	0	0	10	0	10
Social and behavioural sciences and law	40	15	25	3,255	1,100	2,155
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	15	0	20
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	0	0	0	225	85	145
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	15	0	15	680	45	635
22. Legal professions and studies	0	0	0	420	135	280
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	0	0	0	25	15	10
42. Psychology	10	0	0	430	130	305
45. Social sciences	15	10	10	1,450	690	760
Business, management and public administration	105	20	85	6,210	2,660	3,545
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	15	10	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	10	0	0	230	35	190
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	100	20	80	5,970	2,615	3,350
Physical and life sciences and technologies	15	0	10	1,090	550	545
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	340	145	200
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	455	225	230
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	0	0	0	10	0	0
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	265	165	100
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	30	10	15
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	30	15	10	1,920	1,160	760
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	25	15	15	1,640	1,025	610
25. Library science	0	0	0	25	0	25
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	240	130	110
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	0	0	0	10	0	10
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	220	215	0	5,590	5,080	510
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	130	95	35
14. Engineering	25	30	0	1,805	1,510	290
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	45	45	0	880	780	95
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	85	80	10	1,025	970	55
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	40	40	0	1,240	1,215	15
48. Precision production	30	25	0	515	500	10
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	355	250	105
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	0	0	0	280	205	75
03. Natural resources and conservation	10	10	0	75	50	25
Health and related fields	105	20	90	5,125	980	4,140
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	10	0	0	195	95	100
51. Health professions and related programs	95	15	80	4,865	860	4,010
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	0	10	0	60	30	35
Personal, protective and transportation services	75	65	10	1,470	630	845
12. Personal and culinary services	20	10	10	970	225	745
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	15	15	0	190	130	70
49. Transportation and materials moving	35	35	0	305	270	35
Other	0	0	0	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	0	0	0	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	1,655	850	810	91,785	45,190	46,595
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	765	335	425	53,595	26,910	26,685
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	890	510	385	38,190	18,280	19,910
Location of study inside Canada	875	505	365	22,385	10,505	11,880
Same as province or territory of residence	730	420	310	20,070	9,265	10,800
Different than province or territory of residence	140	85	55	2,315	1,240	1,075
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	20	0	20	15,805	7,775	8,025
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	0	0	0	680	435	240
Philippines	0	0	0	1,915	765	1,150
India	0	0	0	9,210	4,530	4,680
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	15	0	15	545	320	230
China^{Census data footnote 162}	0	0	0	390	175	215
France	0	0	0	10	10	0
Other	0	10	0	3,060	1,545	1,510
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	1,135	565	570	61,160	29,720	31,440
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	455	190	270	30,640	15,470	15,165
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	680	380	300	30,520	14,245	16,275
Location of study inside Canada	660	380	285	17,230	7,945	9,290
Same as province or territory of residence	545	305	240	15,520	7,005	8,515
Different than province or territory of residence	115	70	45	1,710	940	770
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	20	0	15	13,290	6,300	6,990
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	10	0	10	465	285	185
Philippines	0	0	0	1,675	675	1,005
India	0	0	0	7,960	3,760	4,200
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	10	0	10	405	230	180
China^{Census data footnote 162}	0	0	0	355	155	195
France	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other	10	0	0	2,420	1,200	1,225
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	1,655	850	815	91,785	45,190	46,595
In the labour force	1,065	595	475	59,790	32,240	27,555
Employed	985	530	455	55,200	30,140	25,055
Unemployed	85	65	20	4,590	2,095	2,495
Not in the labour force	590	255	335	31,995	12,955	19,045
Participation rate	64.4	70.0	58.3	65.1	71.3	59.1
Employment rate	59.5	62.4	55.8	60.1	66.7	53.8
Unemployment rate	8.0	10.9	4.2	7.7	6.5	9.1
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	1,660	845	810	91,785	45,190	46,595
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	520	220	305	31,610	13,060	18,550
Worked	1,135	630	505	60,175	32,130	28,045
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	665	365	300	25,310	15,165	10,145
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	470	260	210	34,865	16,965	17,900
Average weeks worked in reference year	43.5	43.5	43.6	40.8	42.3	39.2
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	1,065	595	475	59,790	32,235	27,555
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	0	0	0	1,515	640	875
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	1,065	585	475	58,275	31,600	26,675
Employee	1,005	560	445	52,205	26,955	25,255
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	55	25	30	6,065	4,650	1,420
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	1,070	595	475	59,790	32,240	27,550
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	10	10	0	1,515	635	875
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	1,060	585	475	58,280	31,605	26,675
0 Management occupations	85	45	40	3,955	2,510	1,445
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	150	35	115	7,605	2,400	5,205
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	95	60	35	2,350	1,870	480
3 Health occupations	80	0	75	3,470	630	2,845
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	115	60	55	4,360	1,190	3,170
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	20	0	15	940	500	440
6 Sales and service occupations	220	105	110	15,920	6,395	9,525
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	255	235	20	14,120	13,305	820
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	15	20	0	1,610	720	890
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	30	25	10	3,950	2,085	1,865
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	1,070	590	475	59,790	32,240	27,550
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	10	10	0	1,515	635	875
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	1,060	585	475	58,275	31,600	26,675
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	10	15	0	1,670	595	1,080
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	0	0	0	65	50	15
22 Utilities	35	35	10	200	145	55
23 Construction	105	90	15	5,850	5,325	530
31-33 Manufacturing	75	65	0	5,585	3,475	2,120
41 Wholesale trade	45	35	10	2,435	1,505	930
44-45 Retail trade	135	60	75	6,665	2,915	3,750
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	60	50	10	7,675	6,565	1,105
51 Information and cultural industries	0	0	0	995	610	385
52 Finance and insurance	35	15	25	2,085	805	1,275
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	15	0	10	785	480	305
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	75	25	50	2,775	1,465	1,310
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0	70	30	35
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	45	35	10	3,810	2,235	1,570
61 Educational services	35	10	25	2,430	750	1,675
62 Health care and social assistance	135	15	120	5,895	840	5,050
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	25	20	0	715	425	290
72 Accommodation and food services	65	20	45	4,515	1,390	3,130
81 Other services (except public administration)	50	25	25	2,185	1,075	1,110
91 Public administration	125	80	45	1,865	915	955
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	985	535	455	55,200	30,140	25,060
Worked at home	45	25	20	2,045	1,050	995
Worked outside Canada	0	10	0	315	235	80
No fixed workplace address	110	85	30	12,180	9,495	2,680
Worked at usual place	820	415	400	40,660	19,355	21,305
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	820	415	400	40,660	19,355	21,300
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	15	0	10	18,385	8,020	10,370
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	130	50	80	21,575	10,920	10,655
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	660	340	320	575	345	230
Commute to a different province or territory	15	15	0	120	75	50
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	930	495	430	52,840	28,855	23,985
Car, truck, van - as a driver	830	435	395	38,560	22,630	15,930
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	85	55	30	4,895	2,330	2,565
Public transit	15	10	10	7,650	3,155	4,490
Walked	0	10	0	1,055	380	675
Bicycle	0	0	0	145	115	35
Other method	0	0	0	535	245	290
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	930	495	430	52,840	28,855	23,980
Less than 15 minutes	80	35	40	8,175	3,820	4,360
15 to 29 minutes	275	145	130	15,375	7,765	7,610
30 to 44 minutes	330	185	145	14,110	8,625	5,485
45 to 59 minutes	185	90	90	6,815	3,980	2,840
60 minutes and over	65	40	30	8,360	4,670	3,690
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	930	500	430	52,840	28,855	23,985
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	100	70	35	5,150	3,275	1,880
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	265	140	120	10,450	6,145	4,305
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	305	155	150	11,095	5,925	5,175
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	95	35	60	8,275	4,295	3,975
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	45	20	35	6,830	3,010	3,820
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	115	85	35	11,035	6,205	4,825
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	1,160	635	525	63,430	33,795	29,640
Single responses	1,145	630	515	59,295	31,445	27,850
Official languages	1,145	630	515	52,905	27,790	25,115
English	1,135	630	500	52,850	27,785	25,060
French	10	0	10	60	0	50
Non-official languages	0	0	0	6,385	3,650	2,740
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	6,390	3,650	2,740
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	20	15	10
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	10	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	15	15	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	10	10	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	30	10	25
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	30	10	25
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	30	10	20
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	10	0	10
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	15	10	10
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	10
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	6,020	3,470	2,555
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	10	10	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	10	10	10
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Serbian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	5,960	3,435	2,525
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	5,960	3,435	2,525
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	10	0	10
Hindi	0	0	0	110	70	45
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	5,800	3,350	2,455
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	30	20	10
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	50	30	25
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	55	25	25
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	10	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	10	10	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	10
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	10	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	250	130	120
Chinese languages	0	0	0	250	130	115
Cantonese	0	0	0	55	20	40
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	180	100	85
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	10	10	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	10	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Multiple responses	15	10	15	4,135	2,350	1,785
English and French	15	0	10	115	50	65
English and non-official language	0	0	0	3,995	2,300	1,695
French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	25	0	25
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	1,160	635	525	63,435	33,795	29,640
None	1,125	630	495	54,355	28,470	25,890
English	10	0	10	2,305	1,465	840
French	20	10	20	190	75	110
Non-official language	0	0	0	6,525	3,765	2,760
Aboriginal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	0	0	0	6,530	3,770	2,760
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	0	0	0	25	10	20
French and non-official language	0	0	0	30	10	20
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	1,900	970	935	112,145	55,710	56,435
Non-movers	1,785	915	870	94,575	46,935	47,640
Movers	115	55	60	17,570	8,770	8,800
Non-migrants	55	20	30	11,510	5,715	5,795
Migrants	60	35	35	6,060	3,055	3,010
Internal migrants	60	35	30	3,120	1,520	1,595
Intraprovincial migrants	60	30	30	2,490	1,195	1,295
Interprovincial migrants	0	0	0	630	330	300
External migrants	0	0	0	2,940	1,530	1,405
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	1,815	940	880	106,545	52,860	53,690
Non-movers	1,485	775	705	59,425	29,415	30,015
Movers	335	170	170	47,120	23,440	23,675
Non-migrants	130	65	65	27,955	13,740	14,220
Migrants	205	105	105	19,160	9,700	9,460
Internal migrants	205	100	100	8,365	4,140	4,220
Intraprovincial migrants	150	70	85	6,960	3,405	3,550
Interprovincial migrants	50	30	20	1,400	730	670
External migrants	0	10	0	10,800	5,560	5,240

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Westfield, P [Census subdivision], New Brunswick and Surrey--Newton [Federal electoral district], British Columbia (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 15, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Westfield, Parish [Census subdivision], New Brunswick and Surrey--Newton [Federal electoral district], British Columbia

Census Profile, 2016 Census Westfield, Parish [Census subdivision], New Brunswick and Surrey--Newton [Federal electoral district], British Columbia

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How to cite

Census Profile, 2016 Census
Westfield, Parish [Census subdivision], New Brunswick and Surrey--Newton [Federal electoral district], British Columbia