Census Profile, 2016 Census
Montérégie [Economic region], Quebec and Quebec [Province]

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Montérégie Quebec [Economic region]			Quebec [Province]
	Data quality , Montérégie [Economic region], Quebec Map : Montérégie [Economic region], Quebec Change geography 1			Data quality : Quebec [Province] Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	1,507,070	...	...	8,164,361	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	1,442,433	...	...	7,903,001	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	4.5	...	...	3.3	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	657,344	...	...	3,858,943	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	626,077	...	...	3,531,663	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	135.4	...	...	6.0	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	11,132.34	...	...	1,356,625.27	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	1,507,070	741,455	765,615	8,164,360	4,016,760	4,147,605
0 to 14 years	258,825	132,555	126,265	1,333,260	682,535	650,720
0 to 4 years	83,415	42,750	40,665	444,930	227,965	216,970
5 to 9 years	91,610	47,000	44,610	469,165	240,225	228,940
10 to 14 years	83,800	42,810	40,995	419,160	214,345	204,815
15 to 64 years	977,470	486,190	491,285	5,335,910	2,664,630	2,671,280
15 to 19 years	83,280	42,565	40,715	429,825	219,070	210,755
20 to 24 years	86,680	44,415	42,270	500,100	252,600	247,500
25 to 29 years	80,250	40,305	39,945	495,410	248,030	247,380
30 to 34 years	87,625	43,170	44,460	515,505	256,440	259,070
35 to 39 years	101,380	50,110	51,275	550,540	274,595	275,945
40 to 44 years	96,765	48,095	48,665	506,525	254,100	252,425
45 to 49 years	100,295	49,910	50,390	519,425	260,410	259,015
50 to 54 years	118,685	58,630	60,055	619,435	309,070	310,370
55 to 59 years	119,035	58,540	60,495	636,475	314,190	322,285
60 to 64 years	103,460	50,460	53,005	562,670	276,140	286,535
65 years and over	270,775	122,705	148,065	1,495,195	669,590	825,605
65 to 69 years	91,110	43,580	47,535	488,175	236,395	251,775
70 to 74 years	71,365	34,190	37,170	373,590	176,905	196,690
75 to 79 years	46,595	21,465	25,130	256,905	116,020	140,890
80 to 84 years	31,550	13,455	18,100	187,835	78,390	109,450
85 years and over	30,150	10,015	20,135	188,685	61,885	126,805
85 to 89 years	19,605	7,275	12,330	120,635	43,795	76,840
90 to 94 years	8,220	2,300	5,920	53,165	15,155	38,015
95 to 99 years	2,060	410	1,650	13,035	2,685	10,350
100 years and over	270	30	235	1,850	255	1,600
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	17.2	17.9	16.5	16.3	17.0	15.7
15 to 64 years	64.9	65.6	64.2	65.4	66.3	64.4
65 years and over	18.0	16.5	19.3	18.3	16.7	19.9
85 years and over	2.0	1.4	2.6	2.3	1.5	3.1
Average age of the population	41.7	40.7	42.6	41.9	40.9	42.9
Median age of the population	42.8	41.8	43.9	42.5	41.4	43.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	626,080	...	...	3,531,660	...	...
Single-detached house	348,535	...	...	1,602,680	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	11,240	...	...	187,800	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	260,740	...	...	1,717,680	...	...
Semi-detached house	34,665	...	...	188,245	...	...
Row house	16,170	...	...	93,350	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	29,025	...	...	265,195	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	177,340	...	...	1,154,955	...	...
Other single-attached house	3,540	...	...	15,940	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	5,565	...	...	23,505	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	626,075	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
1 person	182,495	...	...	1,175,230	...	...
2 persons	223,740	...	...	1,227,765	...	...
3 persons	92,945	...	...	489,460	...	...
4 persons	85,660	...	...	426,250	...	...
5 or more persons	41,235	...	...	212,960	...	...
Number of persons in private households	1,474,525	...	...	7,965,455	...	...
Average household size	2.4	...	...	2.3	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	1,248,250	608,895	639,345	6,831,105	3,334,220	3,496,885
Married or living common law	739,545	369,700	369,840	3,844,145	1,924,750	1,919,395
Married	440,600	220,365	220,230	2,342,980	1,172,720	1,170,260
Living common law	298,945	149,335	149,605	1,501,160	752,025	749,135
Not married and not living common law	508,700	239,195	269,505	2,986,960	1,409,475	1,577,490
Never married	337,030	182,150	154,880	2,010,580	1,084,300	926,280
Separated	16,645	7,480	9,165	103,625	46,390	57,240
Divorced	87,680	34,665	53,015	483,195	194,430	288,760
Widowed	67,345	14,900	52,445	389,555	84,345	305,210
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	432,715	...	...	2,257,560	...	...
2 persons	225,635	...	...	1,204,955	...	...
3 persons	90,105	...	...	466,310	...	...
4 persons	83,335	...	...	412,160	...	...
5 or more persons	33,640	...	...	174,140	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	432,720	...	...	2,257,560	...	...
Total couple families	362,940	...	...	1,878,095	...	...
Married couples	213,685	...	...	1,128,355	...	...
Common-law couples	149,255	...	...	749,740	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	69,775	...	...	379,460	...	...
Female parent	51,080	...	...	284,900	...	...
Male parent	18,690	...	...	94,565	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	362,945	...	...	1,878,095	...	...
Couples without children	183,285	...	...	970,260	...	...
Couples with children	179,660	...	...	907,840	...	...
1 child	69,010	...	...	356,640	...	...
2 children	78,310	...	...	384,875	...	...
3 or more children	32,335	...	...	166,315	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	69,775	...	...	379,465	...	...
1 child	42,350	...	...	234,695	...	...
2 children	21,095	...	...	109,670	...	...
3 or more children	6,325	...	...	35,100	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	241,435	116,535	124,895	1,579,070	775,765	803,305
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	626,075	...	...	3,531,660	...	...
One-census-family households	420,690	...	...	2,197,340	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	178,200	...	...	947,305	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	242,495	...	...	1,250,040	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	5,925	...	...	29,595	...	...
Non-census-family households	199,460	...	...	1,304,725	...	...
One-person households	182,500	...	...	1,175,230	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	16,965	...	...	129,500	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	1,491,970	735,650	756,325	8,066,560	3,977,275	4,089,285
English only	48,350	24,350	24,005	372,445	187,595	184,860
French only	717,125	331,285	385,835	4,032,640	1,874,545	2,158,095
English and French	717,805	376,180	341,625	3,586,410	1,884,135	1,702,275
Neither English nor French	8,695	3,835	4,855	75,065	31,000	44,060
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	1,491,970	735,650	756,320	8,066,555	3,977,270	4,089,285
English	151,265	75,885	75,375	964,120	482,985	481,135
French	1,293,645	636,090	657,555	6,750,945	3,320,380	3,430,560
English and French	38,665	20,000	18,665	278,710	144,060	134,655
Neither English nor French	8,395	3,670	4,720	72,775	29,845	42,930
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	170,600	85,890	84,710	1,103,480	555,015	548,465
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	11.4	11.7	11.2	13.7	14.0	13.4
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	1,491,970	735,650	756,320	8,066,555	3,977,270	4,089,285
Single responses	1,462,465	720,875	741,590	7,881,650	3,884,675	3,996,975
Official languages	1,338,810	659,870	678,940	6,820,815	3,366,970	3,453,845
English	114,710	57,470	57,240	601,155	301,860	299,300
French	1,224,105	602,400	621,700	6,219,665	3,065,115	3,154,550
Non-official languages	123,650	61,005	62,645	1,060,830	517,700	543,125
Aboriginal languages	430	185	245	45,570	22,530	23,040
Algonquian languages	55	25	30	33,140	16,365	16,770
Blackfoot	0	0	0	5	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	40	20	25	31,430	15,575	15,855
Atikamekw	0	0	0	6,150	3,135	3,015
Montagnais (Innu)	25	10	15	8,715	4,155	4,555
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	5	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	590	285	305
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	135	55	80
Plains Cree	0	0	0	5	0	5
Southern East Cree	5	0	0	35	15	15
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	5	5	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	10	5	5
Cree, n.o.s.	10	5	5	15,790	7,920	7,875
Eastern Algonquian languages	5	0	5	485	225	260
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	5	5	5	485	220	260
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	5	5	1,215	565	645
Algonquin	5	0	0	1,185	555	630
Ojibway	0	0	0	20	10	15
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	5	0	5
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	5
Athabaskan languages	5	5	0	15	10	5
Northern Athabaskan languages	5	5	0	15	10	5
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	5	0
Slavey-Hare languages	5	5	0	10	5	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	5	5	0	10	10	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	60	20	40	11,970	5,955	6,015
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	45	15	35	11,895	5,925	5,970
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	75	25	45
Iroquoian languages	310	135	175	375	165	210
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	310	135	175	365	160	210
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	5
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	5	5	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	5	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	10	0	5	65	30	35
Non-Aboriginal languages	123,220	60,820	62,400	1,015,260	495,175	520,090
Afro-Asiatic languages	17,560	9,385	8,175	197,535	104,185	93,355
Berber languages	2,005	1,060	945	20,845	11,125	9,720
Kabyle	1,190	610	575	12,470	6,625	5,840
Berber languages, n.i.e.	815	450	365	8,375	4,500	3,875
Cushitic languages	60	35	30	1,125	545	580
Bilen	0	0	0	10	10	5
Oromo	0	0	0	15	10	5
Somali	55	35	30	1,075	515	560
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	30	20	10
Semitic languages	15,455	8,270	7,185	175,215	92,310	82,900
Amharic	40	15	20	745	340	405
Arabic	15,265	8,165	7,095	169,890	89,590	80,300
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	5	5	0	150	80	70
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	15	10	5
Harari	0	0	0	0	5	5
Hebrew	115	65	50	3,885	2,040	1,845
Maltese	10	5	5	25	10	15
Tigrigna	20	10	10	385	185	205
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	110	60	50
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	40	25	15	355	200	155
Austro-Asiatic languages	4,150	1,955	2,200	36,305	17,030	19,275
Khmer (Cambodian)	830	375	455	8,855	4,105	4,750
Vietnamese	3,315	1,575	1,740	27,425	12,920	14,505
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	5	5	25	10	15
Austronesian languages	1,970	725	1,245	21,635	7,800	13,835
Bikol	5	0	5	115	35	80
Cebuano	80	20	60	885	270	610
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	10	0	10	410	125	275
Ilocano	95	35	65	2,060	745	1,315
Malagasy	305	150	155	1,250	590	660
Malay	95	35	60	705	265	440
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	15	10	5	205	90	110
Pangasinan	5	0	0	95	40	50
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,325	460	865	15,545	5,480	10,065
Waray-Waray	5	0	0	50	10	40
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	35	15	20	320	140	180
Creole languages	5,275	2,450	2,825	56,990	25,220	31,770
Haitian Creole	250	120	135	2,220	1,055	1,170
Creole, n.o.s.	4,715	2,190	2,520	53,785	23,675	30,110
Creole languages, n.i.e.	310	145	165	980	490	490
Dravidian languages	750	365	385	14,865	7,435	7,430
Kannada	30	15	10	240	130	110
Malayalam	70	30	40	440	235	205
Tamil	600	290	305	13,600	6,715	6,880
Telugu	55	30	25	570	345	230
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	5
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	25	10	15
Indo-European languages	70,795	35,125	35,675	553,045	269,625	283,420
Albanian	150	80	75	2,795	1,420	1,370
Armenian	600	300	300	16,430	7,970	8,460
Balto-Slavic languages	10,640	4,985	5,655	68,155	30,960	37,195
Baltic languages	135	55	75	850	335	515
Latvian	25	10	20	290	120	175
Lithuanian	100	50	60	555	215	340
Slavic languages	10,510	4,930	5,580	67,310	30,630	36,675
Belarusan	20	10	5	80	45	35
Bosnian	115	60	60	1,620	805	815
Bulgarian	1,340	670	670	6,985	3,385	3,600
Croatian	275	145	130	2,330	1,165	1,170
Czech	255	125	130	1,465	690	775
Macedonian	40	25	20	205	105	95
Polish	2,330	1,040	1,290	13,935	6,065	7,865
Russian	4,685	2,160	2,520	28,565	12,715	15,850
Serbian	250	130	120	3,140	1,590	1,545
Serbo-Croatian	100	50	50	1,805	865	940
Slovak	165	80	90	1,040	455	585
Slovene (Slovenian)	220	100	115	755	350	405
Ukrainian	695	325	370	5,210	2,285	2,920
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	35	15	15	175	90	85
Celtic languages	35	20	15	155	95	60
Scottish Gaelic	0	5	0	20	15	10
Welsh	15	10	10	40	20	20
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	90	55	30
Germanic languages	4,175	2,080	2,095	27,540	13,280	14,260
Afrikaans	15	5	10	125	60	65
Danish	95	55	45	395	190	200
Dutch	705	350	350	2,825	1,395	1,430
Frisian	5	0	5	10	10	0
German	2,990	1,490	1,505	13,670	6,340	7,330
Icelandic	5	0	5	65	30	35
Norwegian	35	15	15	200	100	100
Swedish	85	40	50	555	255	300
Vlaams (Flemish)	210	105	105	540	240	300
Yiddish	15	10	5	8,985	4,560	4,420
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	175	100	75
Greek	3,070	1,650	1,420	38,635	19,435	19,205
Indo-Iranian languages	10,120	5,190	4,930	76,040	39,205	36,835
Indo-Aryan languages	4,635	2,330	2,305	45,845	23,875	21,970
Bengali	705	360	345	10,995	5,620	5,380
Gujarati	440	215	225	6,070	2,980	3,090
Hindi	410	210	200	3,030	1,635	1,390
Kashmiri	5	0	0	20	15	5
Konkani	15	5	15	110	60	55
Marathi	35	15	20	255	145	110
Nepali	30	15	15	1,505	740	765
Oriya (Odia)	10	5	5	35	20	15
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,545	775	775	12,380	6,720	5,660
Sindhi	30	15	15	330	160	165
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	80	45	40	645	310	330
Urdu	1,325	675	650	10,470	5,460	5,010
Iranian languages	5,435	2,830	2,600	29,760	15,105	14,655
Kurdish	75	45	25	985	550	430
Pashto	140	70	65	1,285	680	610
Persian (Farsi)	5,225	2,715	2,510	27,490	13,875	13,615
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	50	30	25	440	225	210
Italic (Romance) languages	42,005	20,825	21,180	323,290	157,260	166,030
Catalan	35	20	10	320	170	150
Italian	6,275	3,465	2,810	104,600	51,705	52,895
Portuguese	4,915	2,380	2,535	36,770	17,735	19,035
Romanian	6,655	3,205	3,450	35,840	17,170	18,665
Spanish	24,120	11,750	12,370	145,635	70,405	75,235
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	15	15	0	125	75	50
Japanese	270	70	200	2,525	775	1,750
Kartvelian languages	10	5	5	170	80	85
Georgian	10	5	5	170	80	90
Korean	515	220	300	5,160	2,270	2,890
Mongolic languages	5	5	5	190	75	115
Mongolian	10	0	5	195	80	115
Niger-Congo languages	3,535	1,815	1,720	28,355	14,360	13,995
Akan (Twi)	85	40	40	1,050	520	525
Bamanankan	185	90	90	1,200	655	545
Edo	5	5	5	75	45	30
Ewe	105	60	45	730	400	325
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	240	125	110	2,055	1,080	970
Ga	15	5	10	80	40	40
Ganda	5	5	5	35	15	20
Igbo	15	10	10	120	70	50
Lingala	205	110	95	2,465	1,185	1,285
Rundi (Kirundi)	445	210	240	3,345	1,600	1,745
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	270	120	145	2,500	1,115	1,380
Shona	15	5	10	85	45	40
Swahili	405	205	205	3,010	1,460	1,545
Wolof	505	270	230	3,230	1,745	1,485
Yoruba	35	20	10	255	155	100
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	1,010	535	480	8,135	4,235	3,895
Nilo-Saharan languages	35	15	15	345	180	165
Dinka	0	0	0	5	5	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	35	15	15	335	170	165
Sign languages	225	115	115	1,330	700	630
American Sign Language	10	10	5	65	35	30
Quebec Sign Language	140	65	70	670	330	340
Sign languages, n.i.e	75	40	35	595	340	255
Sino-Tibetan languages	15,645	7,345	8,300	76,840	35,775	41,065
Chinese languages	15,570	7,310	8,260	76,490	35,600	40,895
Cantonese	6,510	3,090	3,420	24,375	11,505	12,875
Hakka	150	65	80	470	215	260
Mandarin	7,685	3,570	4,115	43,700	20,175	23,525
Min Dong	5	0	5	20	10	15
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	445	210	235	3,225	1,480	1,745
Wu (Shanghainese)	245	110	135	1,075	465	605
Chinese, n.o.s.	525	260	270	3,535	1,710	1,825
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	90	40	45
Tibeto-Burman languages	75	40	35	345	175	170
Burmese	5	0	5	80	30	50
Karenic languages	0	0	0	70	40	30
Tibetan	70	40	30	110	65	50
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	85	45	40
Tai-Kadai languages	735	345	395	4,895	2,185	2,710
Lao	640	315	320	4,115	1,995	2,120
Thai	100	25	70	765	180	585
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	5	10	5	10
Turkic languages	780	395	385	7,980	4,095	3,880
Azerbaijani	30	15	20	290	160	130
Turkish	685	350	335	7,155	3,685	3,470
Uyghur	50	20	25	205	100	105
Uzbek	5	0	0	145	70	75
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	185	80	105
Uralic languages	885	440	450	6,400	2,985	3,410
Estonian	20	10	15	195	75	120
Finnish	60	15	40	360	125	240
Hungarian	800	410	390	5,835	2,790	3,045
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	5
Other languages, n.i.e.	70	50	15	685	385	300
Multiple responses	29,510	14,775	14,735	184,905	92,600	92,310
English and French	15,985	8,040	7,940	72,395	36,695	35,695
English and non-official language	2,845	1,425	1,420	27,485	13,545	13,945
French and non-official language	8,210	4,040	4,165	67,075	33,110	33,970
English, French and non-official language	2,470	1,260	1,210	17,950	9,245	8,705
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	1,491,970	735,650	756,320	8,066,560	3,977,270	4,089,285
Single responses	1,446,355	713,345	733,010	7,743,740	3,819,315	3,924,425
Official languages	1,379,495	680,545	698,950	7,157,850	3,536,165	3,621,685
English	133,220	66,750	66,470	782,185	391,125	391,060
French	1,246,275	613,795	632,480	6,375,665	3,145,040	3,230,625
Non-official languages	66,860	32,800	34,060	585,890	283,150	302,735
Aboriginal languages	80	35	45	40,190	20,205	19,980
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	28,695	14,385	14,310
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	5	5	0	28,110	14,105	14,005
Atikamekw	0	0	0	5,465	2,825	2,640
Montagnais (Innu)	5	0	0	7,375	3,590	3,790
Moose Cree	0	0	0	5	5	0
Naskapi	0	5	0	590	295	290
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	60	30	30
Plains Cree	0	0	0	5	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	15	5	10
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	5	5	5
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	5	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	14,590	7,355	7,235
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	220	115	110
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	220	110	105
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	370	170	200
Algonquin	0	0	0	360	165	195
Ojibway	0	0	0	5	5	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	5
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	10	5	10	11,375	5,770	5,615
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	5	0
Inuktitut	10	0	10	11,350	5,750	5,600
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	15	10
Iroquoian languages	55	30	30	70	35	35
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	60	30	30	70	35	30
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	5	5	5
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	5	5	5	35	10	25
Non-Aboriginal languages	66,785	32,770	34,020	545,695	262,940	282,755
Afro-Asiatic languages	6,890	3,485	3,405	91,660	46,550	45,110
Berber languages	590	300	290	7,495	3,895	3,605
Kabyle	395	195	200	5,105	2,660	2,450
Berber languages, n.i.e.	195	105	95	2,390	1,235	1,150
Cushitic languages	25	10	15	535	240	295
Bilen	0	0	0	5	0	5
Oromo	0	0	0	5	0	0
Somali	25	15	15	520	230	290
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	5
Semitic languages	6,270	3,170	3,095	83,520	42,365	41,160
Amharic	0	0	5	340	150	185
Arabic	6,225	3,150	3,080	81,105	41,150	39,955
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	5	0	0	95	50	45
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	10	0	5
Harari	0	0	0	5	0	5
Hebrew	35	20	15	1,705	880	825
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	5	0	0	205	95	105
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	60	25	35
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	105	50	55
Austro-Asiatic languages	2,540	1,215	1,330	24,980	11,675	13,305
Khmer (Cambodian)	420	195	230	5,180	2,370	2,805
Vietnamese	2,125	1,025	1,100	19,790	9,295	10,495
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	5	0	0	15	5	10
Austronesian languages	575	265	310	9,715	3,960	5,750
Bikol	0	0	0	15	5	10
Cebuano	5	0	0	230	100	125
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	5	0	5	130	55	75
Ilocano	30	10	20	740	305	435
Malagasy	95	50	45	360	185	170
Malay	15	5	10	175	85	95
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	5	5	5	60	30	30
Pangasinan	0	0	0	10	5	10
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	410	185	220	7,905	3,150	4,760
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	15	10	10
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	75	35	35
Creole languages	1,895	825	1,070	20,705	8,780	11,925
Haitian Creole	90	35	55	855	380	475
Creole, n.o.s.	1,645	715	930	19,405	8,200	11,210
Creole languages, n.i.e.	165	80	85	440	200	240
Dravidian languages	495	235	255	11,400	5,595	5,805
Kannada	20	10	10	150	85	65
Malayalam	35	20	15	200	100	100
Tamil	405	190	215	10,720	5,215	5,500
Telugu	35	20	15	330	190	135
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	15	5	5
Indo-European languages	39,020	19,270	19,745	303,215	146,100	157,115
Albanian	95	40	50	1,615	795	820
Armenian	255	120	130	11,990	5,680	6,310
Balto-Slavic languages	6,580	3,220	3,360	40,405	19,085	21,325
Baltic languages	25	10	10	190	80	105
Latvian	5	5	5	75	40	40
Lithuanian	20	10	10	115	40	70
Slavic languages	6,560	3,210	3,345	40,220	19,000	21,220
Belarusan	5	0	5	25	15	15
Bosnian	75	40	35	965	475	495
Bulgarian	1,035	510	530	5,125	2,495	2,630
Croatian	90	45	45	1,015	475	545
Czech	90	50	45	460	220	240
Macedonian	30	15	10	130	65	65
Polish	1,035	495	535	5,970	2,695	3,270
Russian	3,610	1,775	1,835	20,680	9,775	10,900
Serbian	130	65	65	2,010	1,020	990
Serbo-Croatian	25	10	15	960	470	490
Slovak	45	25	20	245	120	130
Slovene (Slovenian)	75	30	45	225	95	135
Ukrainian	305	145	160	2,365	1,060	1,300
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	40	15	25
Celtic languages	10	5	5	30	20	10
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	5	5	0
Welsh	10	5	0	10	10	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	15	5
Germanic languages	700	325	370	9,890	4,980	4,905
Afrikaans	0	0	0	15	10	10
Danish	15	5	10	50	25	25
Dutch	80	25	50	375	170	205
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	575	280	295	2,550	1,190	1,365
Icelandic	0	0	0	30	15	20
Norwegian	0	0	0	20	5	10
Swedish	5	5	5	105	50	60
Vlaams (Flemish)	20	10	10	70	35	40
Yiddish	0	0	0	6,665	3,485	3,180
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5
Greek	1,235	610	625	18,545	8,865	9,680
Indo-Iranian languages	6,730	3,355	3,375	53,555	26,845	26,710
Indo-Aryan languages	2,810	1,360	1,450	31,575	15,985	15,585
Bengali	450	220	225	8,180	4,055	4,125
Gujarati	235	110	125	3,840	1,860	1,985
Hindi	235	115	120	1,535	790	745
Kashmiri	5	5	0	5	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	30	15	15
Marathi	15	5	5	80	40	40
Nepali	25	10	15	1,355	655	700
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	15	10	5
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,050	510	540	8,840	4,690	4,155
Sindhi	30	15	15	135	65	75
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	45	30	25	365	185	180
Urdu	715	345	375	7,180	3,620	3,565
Iranian languages	3,910	1,990	1,920	21,745	10,740	11,010
Kurdish	20	15	5	510	280	235
Pashto	85	35	55	925	460	465
Persian (Farsi)	3,800	1,940	1,865	20,310	10,005	10,305
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	235	120	120
Italic (Romance) languages	23,425	11,585	11,835	167,190	79,835	87,355
Catalan	10	5	5	110	50	60
Italian	995	450	545	32,935	14,595	18,340
Portuguese	2,165	1,050	1,120	17,260	8,250	9,005
Romanian	4,600	2,270	2,330	24,520	12,000	12,525
Spanish	15,645	7,815	7,835	92,330	44,920	47,415
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	20	15
Japanese	100	35	60	1,050	425	620
Kartvelian languages	5	5	5	70	35	35
Georgian	10	5	0	70	40	35
Korean	335	155	180	3,540	1,630	1,910
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	145	70	75
Mongolian	0	0	0	145	70	75
Niger-Congo languages	875	425	450	7,250	3,450	3,800
Akan (Twi)	30	10	15	445	215	235
Bamanankan	35	20	15	265	135	125
Edo	0	0	0	10	5	5
Ewe	20	10	10	140	60	80
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	55	25	30	530	255	280
Ga	5	0	5	15	5	10
Ganda	5	0	0	5	5	5
Igbo	0	0	0	15	10	10
Lingala	55	30	25	625	270	355
Rundi (Kirundi)	155	75	80	1,110	510	600
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	45	20	30	530	225	305
Shona	0	0	0	20	10	10
Swahili	175	85	95	1,100	535	565
Wolof	160	85	70	1,035	555	480
Yoruba	5	0	0	55	25	25
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	130	60	65	1,350	635	710
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	5	5	135	70	65
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	130	65	65
Sign languages	295	160	130	1,770	1,000	775
American Sign Language	15	5	10	90	35	50
Quebec Sign Language	110	55	50	700	360	340
Sign languages, n.i.e	165	95	70	985	600	385
Sino-Tibetan languages	12,725	6,185	6,550	60,370	28,925	31,450
Chinese languages	12,670	6,145	6,525	60,155	28,805	31,345
Cantonese	5,055	2,440	2,620	17,845	8,470	9,375
Hakka	50	20	30	155	75	80
Mandarin	6,775	3,315	3,465	37,075	17,870	19,200
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	235	105	130	1,830	830	1,000
Wu (Shanghainese)	160	75	90	780	355	420
Chinese, n.o.s.	385	195	190	2,435	1,190	1,240
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	40	20	20
Tibeto-Burman languages	60	35	25	215	115	100
Burmese	0	0	0	35	15	20
Karenic languages	0	0	0	65	40	30
Tibetan	55	30	25	70	45	30
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	40	20	20
Tai-Kadai languages	300	150	155	2,375	1,145	1,230
Lao	280	140	145	2,150	1,055	1,100
Thai	15	10	10	225	90	135
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	510	250	260	5,120	2,540	2,575
Azerbaijani	10	5	10	100	50	55
Turkish	455	225	230	4,715	2,340	2,370
Uyghur	35	15	20	140	75	70
Uzbek	0	0	0	105	50	55
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	65	30	35
Uralic languages	225	110	110	2,025	895	1,130
Estonian	5	0	0	30	10	20
Finnish	5	5	5	50	20	30
Hungarian	210	105	105	1,945	860	1,085
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	150	90	60
Multiple responses	45,615	22,305	23,315	322,820	157,960	164,860
English and French	17,560	8,715	8,845	86,715	43,820	42,890
English and non-official language	5,510	2,675	2,835	54,400	26,255	28,140
French and non-official language	17,085	8,180	8,905	139,385	66,610	72,775
English, French and non-official language	5,460	2,730	2,730	42,320	21,270	21,045
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	1,491,970	735,650	756,320	8,066,555	3,977,275	4,089,285
None	1,285,150	631,905	653,245	6,825,240	3,356,340	3,468,900
English	101,945	52,115	49,830	513,410	263,670	249,735
French	55,865	27,715	28,150	320,370	158,340	162,030
Non-official language	36,445	17,680	18,765	317,790	154,450	163,340
Aboriginal	350	160	190	5,700	2,645	3,060
Non-Aboriginal	36,090	17,515	18,575	312,085	151,810	160,280
English and French	5,345	2,725	2,625	36,235	18,285	17,955
English and non-official language	4,345	2,130	2,215	28,630	14,075	14,555
French and non-official language	2,705	1,290	1,415	23,470	11,365	12,095
English, French and non-official language	180	95	85	1,420	740	680
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	1,216,115	597,030	619,085	6,634,295	3,260,155	3,374,145
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	1,175,710	578,295	597,415	6,417,615	3,160,595	3,257,020
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	35,561	41,173	30,272	32,975	37,842	28,522
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	1,176,000	578,325	597,670	6,419,175	3,160,780	3,258,400
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	31,392	35,484	27,371	29,535	33,110	26,119
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	1,061,180	534,280	526,905	5,685,690	2,866,470	2,819,220
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	32,345	38,759	26,342	30,067	35,597	25,012
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	880,410	398,605	481,805	4,973,245	2,300,800	2,672,445
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,400	6,072	8,212	7,307	5,851	8,246
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	870,700	451,140	419,560	4,627,795	2,408,420	2,219,370
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	33,773	38,990	28,988	31,263	35,627	27,219
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	1,216,110	597,040	619,075	6,634,280	3,260,040	3,374,245
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	1,175,195	577,750	597,445	6,417,010	3,159,415	3,257,595
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	44,724	52,318	37,380	42,546	49,087	36,203
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	1,175,490	577,770	597,720	6,418,440	3,159,550	3,258,890
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	36,388	41,515	31,432	34,887	39,292	30,616
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	1,060,705	533,315	527,385	5,685,905	2,866,415	2,819,485
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	42,376	50,760	33,898	40,505	47,810	33,079
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	880,815	398,750	482,065	4,972,650	2,299,595	2,673,050
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	8,641	7,914	9,242	8,590	7,846	9,229
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	870,705	450,445	420,260	4,627,775	2,408,655	2,219,120
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	42,491	49,118	35,388	40,382	45,974	34,313
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	1,216,115	597,035	619,075	6,634,280	3,260,040	3,374,240
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	402,780	220,590	182,190	2,036,965	1,114,940	922,025
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	48,921	54,496	43,119	47,111	51,622	42,433
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	58,494	65,839	49,600	56,564	62,750	49,085
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	85.6	89.5	80.2	84.4	88.3	79.1
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	70.3	73.1	66.5	68.4	71.4	64.6
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	14.4	10.5	19.8	15.6	11.7	20.9
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	1,216,110	597,030	619,085	6,634,295	3,260,155	3,374,140
Without total income	40,405	18,735	21,665	216,685	99,555	117,125
With total income	1,175,710	578,295	597,415	6,417,615	3,160,595	3,257,020
Percentage with total income	96.7	96.9	96.5	96.7	96.9	96.5
Under $10,000 (including loss)	132,580	56,660	75,925	789,595	351,935	437,660
$10,000 to $19,999	198,855	76,835	122,025	1,188,135	476,630	711,500
$20,000 to $29,999	171,190	72,770	98,415	976,210	428,390	547,830
$30,000 to $39,999	155,030	73,780	81,250	852,735	414,105	438,625
$40,000 to $49,999	141,170	70,550	70,625	747,995	378,215	369,780
$50,000 to $59,999	105,230	56,930	48,300	540,265	292,110	248,150
$60,000 to $69,999	75,475	43,300	32,175	375,935	214,805	161,130
$70,000 to $79,999	58,980	34,390	24,590	286,025	164,240	121,790
$80,000 to $89,999	39,375	24,190	15,185	189,350	113,715	75,635
$90,000 to $99,999	25,995	17,280	8,720	122,750	80,090	42,660
$100,000 and over	71,830	51,615	20,215	348,620	246,360	102,255
$100,000 to $149,999	49,495	34,910	14,590	236,515	164,145	72,370
$150,000 and over	22,330	16,710	5,625	112,105	82,215	29,885
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	1,216,110	597,030	619,085	6,634,295	3,260,150	3,374,140
Without after-tax income	40,115	18,705	21,410	215,120	99,375	115,750
With after-tax income	1,175,995	578,330	597,675	6,419,175	3,160,780	3,258,395
Percentage with after-tax income	96.7	96.9	96.5	96.8	97.0	96.6
Under $10,000 (including loss)	139,360	57,985	81,375	822,725	359,045	463,675
$10,000 to $19,999	209,740	82,045	127,705	1,246,480	505,165	741,315
$20,000 to $29,999	210,315	92,640	117,675	1,192,885	541,080	651,810
$30,000 to $39,999	203,905	101,770	102,140	1,096,510	553,200	543,315
$40,000 to $49,999	153,410	82,060	71,345	793,150	425,040	368,115
$50,000 to $59,999	100,930	58,120	42,805	498,475	283,130	215,345
$60,000 to $69,999	64,120	38,370	25,750	309,415	180,470	128,945
$70,000 to $79,999	35,020	22,955	12,060	167,895	108,500	59,395
$80,000 and over	59,210	42,395	16,815	291,635	205,155	86,485
$80,000 to $89,999	19,795	13,645	6,155	95,010	64,670	30,335
$90,000 to $99,999	11,440	8,165	3,275	55,980	39,080	16,905
$100,000 and over	27,970	20,585	7,385	140,645	101,405	39,240
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	1,216,110	597,030	619,085	6,634,295	3,260,155	3,374,145
Without employment income	345,410	145,890	199,520	2,006,505	851,730	1,154,775
With employment income	870,705	451,140	419,560	4,627,790	2,408,420	2,219,375
Percentage with employment income	71.6	75.6	67.8	69.8	73.9	65.8
Under $5,000 (including loss)	108,805	56,125	52,680	606,300	311,780	294,520
$5,000 to $9,999	64,140	27,775	36,370	367,030	162,150	204,885
$10,000 to $19,999	119,965	51,790	68,180	681,920	305,995	375,920
$20,000 to $29,999	103,860	45,640	58,225	586,140	269,950	316,195
$30,000 to $39,999	105,195	49,375	55,815	565,425	277,135	288,285
$40,000 to $49,999	91,910	46,825	45,085	476,665	247,105	229,560
$50,000 to $59,999	71,380	40,195	31,185	359,180	203,580	155,600
$60,000 to $69,999	54,140	31,865	22,275	266,650	156,255	110,395
$70,000 to $79,999	46,745	27,495	19,250	224,040	129,890	94,150
$80,000 and over	104,555	74,055	30,505	494,440	344,585	149,855
$80,000 to $89,999	29,485	19,570	9,920	139,830	90,295	49,540
$90,000 to $99,999	20,195	13,985	6,210	93,860	64,160	29,700
$100,000 and over	54,875	40,500	14,375	260,745	190,125	70,620
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	626,080	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	67,165	...	...	59,822	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	57,679	...	...	52,207	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	182,500	...	...	1,175,230	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	34,138	...	...	31,574	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	30,253	...	...	28,469	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	443,575	...	...	2,356,430	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	84,760	...	...	78,645	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	71,857	...	...	67,665	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	626,075	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	83,950	...	...	77,306	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	68,320	...	...	63,404	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	182,490	...	...	1,174,695	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	41,980	...	...	40,042	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	34,644	...	...	33,262	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	443,590	...	...	2,356,970	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	101,216	...	...	95,878	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	82,174	...	...	78,426	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	626,080	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
Under $5,000	4,980	...	...	47,170	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	7,130	...	...	56,315	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	16,275	...	...	119,570	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	25,145	...	...	180,865	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	27,990	...	...	179,690	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	23,095	...	...	154,150	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	28,800	...	...	185,000	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	30,390	...	...	184,435	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	30,030	...	...	179,855	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	29,155	...	...	170,445	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	54,405	...	...	313,600	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	49,125	...	...	273,620	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	45,080	...	...	241,940	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	40,015	...	...	208,620	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	34,790	...	...	176,355	...	...
$100,000 and over	179,680	...	...	860,030	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	66,765	...	...	327,435	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	42,905	...	...	204,105	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	41,295	...	...	192,155	...	...
$200,000 and over	28,715	...	...	136,335	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	626,080	...	...	3,531,660	...	...
Under $5,000	5,590	...	...	50,445	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	7,340	...	...	57,335	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	16,470	...	...	120,860	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	26,600	...	...	190,300	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	31,650	...	...	202,905	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	28,500	...	...	187,365	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	37,025	...	...	231,765	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	37,600	...	...	225,695	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	36,285	...	...	211,990	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	35,360	...	...	202,760	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	65,350	...	...	363,775	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	57,895	...	...	309,825	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	49,645	...	...	256,150	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	41,705	...	...	208,765	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	34,225	...	...	166,295	...	...
$100,000 and over	114,825	...	...	545,440	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	56,210	...	...	269,170	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	28,050	...	...	130,225	...	...
$150,000 and over	30,565	...	...	146,045	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	431,740	...	...	2,261,890	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	85,007	...	...	79,378	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	71,994	...	...	68,152	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	174,745	...	...	930,195	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	73,452	...	...	70,075	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	62,505	...	...	60,224	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	180,580	...	...	911,980	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	111,848	...	...	105,246	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	93,178	...	...	88,844	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	67,080	...	...	364,085	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	55,727	...	...	52,708	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	49,822	...	...	47,805	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	431,760	...	...	2,262,045	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	101,635	...	...	96,863	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	82,396	...	...	79,060	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	174,875	...	...	929,645	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	88,238	...	...	86,304	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	71,583	...	...	70,167	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	180,530	...	...	912,560	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	128,827	...	...	122,835	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	103,249	...	...	99,279	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	67,070	...	...	363,610	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	65,244	...	...	61,753	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	55,477	...	...	53,052	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	217,045	105,995	111,050	1,433,210	711,180	722,030
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	32,236	35,655	29,206	29,195	31,526	27,210
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	28,888	31,121	26,860	26,706	28,214	25,434
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	216,680	105,120	111,560	1,430,625	708,225	722,405
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	40,050	43,195	37,087	37,684	39,840	35,571
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	33,223	35,082	31,472	31,513	32,729	30,321
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	1,474,530	729,325	745,205	7,965,455	3,941,475	4,023,970
In the bottom half of the distribution	773,445	372,320	401,125	4,577,885	2,216,770	2,361,115
In the bottom decile	100,920	48,640	52,280	747,785	368,385	379,395
In the second decile	139,560	62,385	77,170	898,605	408,705	489,900
In the third decile	171,100	82,320	88,775	997,185	481,975	515,210
In the fourth decile	181,950	89,435	92,515	996,230	490,275	505,960
In the fifth decile	179,920	89,535	90,385	938,080	467,425	470,655
In the top half of the distribution	701,085	357,005	344,080	3,387,565	1,724,710	1,662,855
In the sixth decile	176,750	89,220	87,530	881,640	444,865	436,775
In the seventh decile	165,875	84,280	81,595	806,685	409,470	397,220
In the eighth decile	148,555	75,895	72,660	700,450	357,000	343,455
In the ninth decile	118,935	60,970	57,965	557,160	286,195	270,960
In the top decile	90,965	46,640	44,325	441,630	227,185	214,445
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	1,473,340	728,760	744,580	7,921,505	3,919,560	4,001,945
0 to 17 years	306,870	157,010	149,855	1,564,410	800,455	763,960
0 to 5 years	101,145	51,855	49,285	532,410	272,790	259,625
18 to 64 years	922,235	457,300	464,935	5,021,875	2,498,900	2,522,980
65 years and over	244,245	114,455	129,790	1,335,220	620,210	715,010
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	164,360	74,725	89,640	1,160,190	542,405	617,785
0 to 17 years	34,335	17,590	16,745	222,955	114,410	108,540
0 to 5 years	10,880	5,530	5,355	75,270	38,595	36,670
18 to 64 years	92,710	43,780	48,930	688,130	334,825	353,305
65 years and over	37,315	13,350	23,965	249,110	93,170	155,930
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	11.2	10.3	12.0	14.6	13.8	15.4
0 to 17 years (%)	11.2	11.2	11.2	14.3	14.3	14.2
0 to 5 years (%)	10.8	10.7	10.9	14.1	14.1	14.1
18 to 64 years (%)	10.1	9.6	10.5	13.7	13.4	14.0
65 years and over (%)	15.3	11.7	18.5	18.7	15.0	21.8
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	91,940	44,025	47,920	731,340	358,085	373,260
0 to 17 years	18,080	9,240	8,830	129,325	66,400	62,925
0 to 5 years	5,825	2,955	2,870	44,375	22,705	21,675
18 to 64 years	62,495	30,995	31,500	514,540	261,485	253,060
65 years and over	11,375	3,785	7,585	87,475	30,205	57,270
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	6.2	6.0	6.4	9.2	9.1	9.3
0 to 17 years (%)	5.9	5.9	5.9	8.3	8.3	8.2
0 to 5 years (%)	5.8	5.7	5.8	8.3	8.3	8.3
18 to 64 years (%)	6.8	6.8	6.8	10.2	10.5	10.0
65 years and over (%)	4.7	3.3	5.8	6.6	4.9	8.0
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	1,474,530	729,320	745,205	7,965,450	3,941,440	4,024,015
Official languages	1,465,990	725,650	740,340	7,891,110	3,911,220	3,979,890
English	761,225	398,540	362,685	3,930,690	2,058,470	1,872,225
French	1,418,005	701,455	716,555	7,522,350	3,725,145	3,797,200
Non-official languages	199,100	96,305	102,795	1,610,980	776,265	834,720
Aboriginal languages	750	375	375	50,890	25,190	25,700
Algonquian languages	100	65	40	37,515	18,545	18,965
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	75	45	35	34,415	17,050	17,370
Atikamekw	0	0	0	6,640	3,335	3,305
Montagnais (Innu)	50	40	15	9,850	4,735	5,115
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	10	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	775	385	385
Northern East Cree	10	0	10	260	130	130
Plains Cree	0	0	0	10	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	35	25	10
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	15	0	10
Woods Cree	0	0	0	10	10	0
Cree, n.o.s.	15	0	10	17,175	8,600	8,575
Eastern Algonquian languages	15	15	0	885	460	420
Malecite	0	0	0	10	0	0
Mi'kmaq	10	10	0	880	460	425
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	0	0	2,340	1,105	1,235
Algonquin	0	10	0	2,240	1,055	1,185
Ojibway	0	0	0	105	50	50
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	10	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	35	20	10
Athabaskan languages	10	0	0	20	10	10
Northern Athabaskan languages	10	10	0	20	15	10
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	10	0	10
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	10
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	10	0	10	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	10	10	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	10	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	65	35	30	12,595	6,270	6,330
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	50	25	25	12,485	6,210	6,270
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	115	60	60
Iroquoian languages	570	265	300	740	360	375
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	565	265	295	690	350	335
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	50	15	35
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	30	15	10
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	10	0	10	0	0	0
Dakota	10	0	0	10	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	10
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	90	40	55
Non-Aboriginal languages	198,375	95,960	102,420	1,560,375	751,215	809,160
Afro-Asiatic languages	26,465	14,085	12,380	301,035	157,545	143,490
Berber languages	2,705	1,425	1,280	27,595	14,650	12,945
Kabyle	1,650	855	800	16,170	8,580	7,590
Berber languages, n.i.e.	1,065	575	485	11,580	6,150	5,425
Cushitic languages	55	25	30	1,550	745	805
Bilen	0	0	0	35	20	10
Oromo	0	0	0	45	30	10
Somali	55	25	25	1,460	680	780
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Semitic languages	24,995	13,335	11,660	286,625	149,970	136,660
Amharic	70	30	40	1,145	540	600
Arabic	24,265	12,955	11,310	267,965	140,280	127,685
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	195	95	95
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	10	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	630	350	275	18,035	9,490	8,540
Maltese	20	0	10	40	10	25
Tigrigna	60	25	30	420	195	225
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	180	85	95
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	95	55	45	810	430	380
Austro-Asiatic languages	5,135	2,465	2,675	46,050	21,955	24,095
Khmer (Cambodian)	1,080	480	605	11,840	5,620	6,220
Vietnamese	4,070	1,995	2,075	34,580	16,520	18,060
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	40	25	15
Austronesian languages	2,800	1,065	1,735	31,230	11,820	19,410
Bikol	0	0	0	105	45	60
Cebuano	150	35	115	1,105	360	750
Fijian	0	0	0	15	0	10
Hiligaynon	35	10	30	540	195	350
Ilocano	120	35	80	2,500	890	1,610
Malagasy	520	240	280	1,980	940	1,040
Malay	120	55	70	1,210	525	690
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10	0	0	195	95	100
Pangasinan	10	0	10	60	20	40
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	2,050	735	1,320	26,705	9,785	16,915
Waray-Waray	10	0	0	55	10	45
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	75	40	30	540	270	275
Creole languages	12,125	5,695	6,435	115,445	51,970	63,475
Haitian Creole	530	220	310	4,910	2,285	2,620
Creole, n.o.s.	10,905	5,130	5,775	108,315	48,615	59,705
Creole languages, n.i.e.	800	400	400	2,835	1,390	1,445
Dravidian languages	1,105	530	575	18,710	9,495	9,210
Kannada	50	30	20	415	210	205
Malayalam	85	45	40	510	285	220
Tamil	955	445	505	17,245	8,680	8,565
Telugu	55	35	25	930	540	390
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	0
Hmong-Mien languages	10	0	0	35	15	25
Indo-European languages	125,565	60,525	65,035	912,945	435,785	477,155
Albanian	255	125	130	3,375	1,730	1,645
Armenian	840	410	430	20,290	9,790	10,500
Balto-Slavic languages	13,640	6,610	7,030	88,425	41,725	46,700
Baltic languages	180	70	120	1,080	500	585
Latvian	25	0	25	335	150	185
Lithuanian	155	65	95	755	350	410
Slavic languages	13,485	6,565	6,925	87,520	41,315	46,205
Belarusan	80	30	45	365	150	215
Bosnian	130	60	75	1,975	990	985
Bulgarian	1,490	770	720	7,345	3,595	3,750
Croatian	455	245	210	3,580	1,760	1,820
Czech	275	135	140	2,070	975	1,095
Macedonian	75	30	40	285	140	145
Polish	3,130	1,475	1,660	17,760	8,090	9,665
Russian	7,210	3,530	3,675	46,665	22,265	24,400
Serbian	265	150	115	4,050	1,980	2,070
Serbo-Croatian	190	85	105	2,385	1,140	1,245
Slovak	225	105	120	1,520	705	820
Slovene (Slovenian)	275	135	140	970	490	480
Ukrainian	1,385	610	775	9,015	3,885	5,135
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	30	20	10	150	75	75
Celtic languages	90	60	35	495	305	195
Scottish Gaelic	25	15	15	155	95	65
Welsh	20	10	10	85	45	40
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	45	30	15	265	175	95
Germanic languages	8,815	4,585	4,230	63,370	31,835	31,530
Afrikaans	80	35	40	415	260	150
Danish	140	80	60	835	410	420
Dutch	1,010	525	480	5,060	2,665	2,395
Frisian	0	0	10	15	10	0
German	7,285	3,845	3,435	43,475	21,950	21,530
Icelandic	20	10	15	140	80	60
Norwegian	40	25	15	510	255	255
Swedish	225	120	105	1,580	785	795
Vlaams (Flemish)	285	110	170	760	265	495
Yiddish	50	35	15	12,375	6,225	6,155
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	270	125	140
Greek	4,450	2,330	2,125	51,060	25,520	25,540
Indo-Iranian languages	12,885	6,540	6,340	93,655	48,040	45,615
Indo-Aryan languages	7,040	3,470	3,570	59,570	30,870	28,700
Bengali	1,015	510	500	12,870	6,610	6,260
Gujarati	775	365	415	7,950	3,860	4,090
Hindi	2,000	975	1,020	15,570	8,285	7,280
Kashmiri	10	0	10	45	35	15
Konkani	30	20	15	150	70	75
Marathi	80	40	40	475	240	230
Nepali	50	20	30	1,445	725	720
Oriya (Odia)	20	10	0	55	35	20
Punjabi (Panjabi)	2,230	1,125	1,105	17,860	9,690	8,165
Sindhi	95	60	40	500	240	255
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	170	80	90	1,335	625	710
Urdu	2,440	1,240	1,200	16,545	8,655	7,890
Iranian languages	6,240	3,250	2,995	35,420	17,830	17,585
Kurdish	100	60	45	1,255	665	590
Pashto	345	200	150	1,825	1,005	825
Persian (Farsi)	5,975	3,110	2,870	32,965	16,560	16,405
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	110	60	50	845	425	420
Italic (Romance) languages	89,205	42,175	47,025	627,545	293,620	333,920
Catalan	100	70	30	890	525	365
Italian	14,215	7,270	6,945	173,710	84,430	89,275
Portuguese	7,245	3,645	3,600	55,100	27,620	27,475
Romanian	7,585	3,715	3,865	42,655	20,550	22,110
Spanish	64,420	29,685	34,730	390,355	177,610	212,745
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	55	30	25	490	345	145
Japanese	915	480	430	7,040	3,340	3,695
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	220	110	110
Georgian	0	0	0	215	105	110
Korean	730	295	440	6,260	2,825	3,430
Mongolic languages	25	10	10	270	135	130
Mongolian	25	0	10	265	135	130
Niger-Congo languages	6,430	3,085	3,350	52,840	26,665	26,175
Akan (Twi)	120	65	50	1,800	945	855
Bamanankan	275	130	145	2,385	1,240	1,145
Edo	10	15	0	190	95	95
Ewe	225	110	115	1,410	865	545
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	335	160	170	3,400	1,785	1,620
Ga	30	10	20	315	155	160
Ganda	10	10	10	90	40	55
Igbo	20	10	10	275	190	90
Lingala	1,030	465	570	9,630	4,430	5,200
Rundi (Kirundi)	385	190	195	4,490	2,210	2,285
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	375	165	215	3,535	1,640	1,895
Shona	25	0	20	150	75	80
Swahili	1,130	510	620	8,015	4,080	3,935
Wolof	1,020	550	470	6,555	3,545	3,015
Yoruba	75	30	45	885	485	395
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	2,335	1,150	1,190	17,720	9,125	8,595
Nilo-Saharan languages	60	25	35	695	345	350
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	60	25	35	695	345	350
Sign languages	1,520	595	930	7,775	3,095	4,675
American Sign Language	155	65	90	675	245	435
Quebec Sign Language	900	295	610	4,405	1,590	2,815
Sign languages, n.i.e.	530	255	270	2,960	1,350	1,605
Sino-Tibetan languages	17,915	8,390	9,525	90,460	42,695	47,770
Chinese languages	17,845	8,360	9,485	90,060	42,480	47,580
Cantonese	7,995	3,725	4,270	31,885	14,900	16,980
Hakka	145	50	90	545	240	310
Mandarin	10,975	5,005	5,965	59,240	27,560	31,685
Min Dong	0	0	0	15	10	10
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	650	285	365	4,215	1,860	2,350
Wu (Shanghainese)	230	80	145	1,230	535	690
Chinese, n.o.s.	760	390	365	4,800	2,380	2,425
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	10	10	10	90	40	55
Tibeto-Burman languages	70	35	40	430	235	195
Burmese	10	0	0	140	75	60
Karenic languages	0	0	0	105	55	45
Tibetan	25	20	10	65	50	10
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	40	15	30	140	65	80
Tai-Kadai languages	1,250	600	655	7,280	3,400	3,880
Lao	1,025	520	505	5,785	2,850	2,935
Thai	390	150	235	2,255	875	1,375
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	10
Turkic languages	1,140	600	540	12,475	6,265	6,210
Azerbaijani	35	20	15	510	275	235
Turkish	1,035	545	485	11,415	5,755	5,665
Uyghur	55	25	30	230	110	120
Uzbek	0	0	0	230	105	125
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	20	15	10	235	115	120
Uralic languages	1,085	525	560	7,870	3,710	4,160
Estonian	10	0	10	150	55	95
Finnish	100	45	55	500	195	305
Hungarian	975	480	495	7,215	3,450	3,765
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	285	180	100	2,140	1,170	970
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	1,474,525	729,325	745,205	7,965,450	3,941,440	4,024,015
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	1,435,165	710,360	724,810	7,585,545	3,753,190	3,832,350
Canadian citizens aged under 18	300,295	154,070	146,225	1,521,230	779,620	741,610
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	1,134,865	556,285	578,585	6,064,310	2,973,575	3,090,740
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	39,365	18,970	20,395	379,910	188,245	191,665
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	1,474,530	729,325	745,205	7,965,450	3,941,440	4,024,015
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	1,322,090	654,425	667,660	6,788,085	3,365,345	3,422,735
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	147,110	72,100	75,010	1,091,310	530,325	560,980
Before 1981	34,905	17,945	16,960	238,655	117,080	121,575
1981 to 1990	16,725	8,455	8,270	127,340	63,150	64,190
1991 to 2000	25,155	11,970	13,180	187,860	89,210	98,650
2001 to 2010	46,555	22,425	24,130	322,280	155,785	166,495
2001 to 2005	21,540	10,420	11,120	140,170	67,835	72,335
2006 to 2010	25,015	12,005	13,015	182,115	87,945	94,165
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	23,775	11,315	12,465	215,170	105,105	110,065
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	5,330	2,795	2,535	86,065	45,765	40,295
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	147,110	72,100	75,010	1,091,305	530,325	560,980
Under 5 years	16,850	8,095	8,755	112,930	54,600	58,330
5 to 14 years	25,150	12,935	12,220	174,020	87,165	86,855
15 to 24 years	27,935	12,855	15,080	215,350	98,880	116,475
25 to 44 years	67,975	33,870	34,105	515,770	256,095	259,675
45 years and over	9,200	4,355	4,850	73,230	33,590	39,640
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	147,110	72,105	75,005	1,091,305	530,330	560,980
Americas	34,760	15,800	18,955	247,505	113,190	134,315
Brazil	1,025	500	530	7,345	3,515	3,830
Colombia	5,695	2,520	3,175	25,580	11,645	13,935
El Salvador	970	510	460	11,120	5,500	5,615
Guyana	505	250	255	2,490	1,085	1,410
Haiti	6,845	3,010	3,835	80,965	35,375	45,585
Jamaica	675	300	375	4,665	2,040	2,625
Mexico	2,375	980	1,400	15,820	7,090	8,730
Peru	2,625	1,200	1,430	13,265	5,945	7,325
Trinidad and Tobago	815	415	410	4,075	1,840	2,240
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	4,270	1,840	2,435	25,955	12,800	13,155
Other places of birth in Americas	8,945	4,285	4,665	56,235	26,370	29,870
Europe	45,320	23,560	21,760	311,090	154,910	156,185
Bosnia and Herzegovina	180	90	90	3,785	1,890	1,895
Croatia	265	145	125	2,140	1,085	1,050
France	13,145	7,330	5,820	81,225	43,490	37,735
Germany	1,980	965	1,015	9,750	4,365	5,390
Greece	1,475	795	685	18,420	9,135	9,285
Hungary	425	230	190	3,325	1,620	1,700
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	155	90	65	820	485	330
Italy	2,810	1,665	1,150	51,025	25,370	25,655
Netherlands	450	230	220	1,990	1,035	955
Poland	1,780	800	980	10,735	4,675	6,060
Portugal	2,420	1,300	1,130	18,985	9,185	9,800
Romania	5,255	2,525	2,725	28,695	13,695	15,005
Russian Federation	1,760	785	975	11,355	4,975	6,375
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	170	70	95	1,790	830	960
Ukraine	1,465	685	770	8,670	3,800	4,870
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	3,110	1,545	1,565	12,905	6,645	6,260
Other places of birth in Europe	8,475	4,320	4,160	45,500	22,630	22,870
Africa	30,765	16,025	14,740	241,410	125,250	116,165
Algeria	5,700	3,010	2,690	59,465	31,180	28,280
Egypt	2,695	1,500	1,200	19,490	10,290	9,200
Ethiopia	60	25	40	995	495	495
Kenya	165	70	95	785	355	430
Morocco	6,930	3,730	3,200	60,700	31,435	29,270
Nigeria	145	55	90	1,340	740	600
Somalia	35	15	20	580	270	310
South Africa, Republic of	125	65	60	865	475	385
Other places of birth in Africa	14,905	7,550	7,355	97,200	50,005	47,190
Asia	36,085	16,635	19,455	289,825	136,175	153,655
Afghanistan	2,685	1,370	1,310	7,280	3,640	3,640
Bangladesh	565	285	280	7,940	3,990	3,950
China^{Census data footnote 59}	9,995	4,015	5,980	49,555	19,905	29,655
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	1,600	805	790	4,730	2,290	2,435
India	2,265	1,150	1,115	17,865	9,195	8,670
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	1,450	780	670	17,760	8,880	8,885
Iraq	395	220	175	3,735	1,960	1,775
Japan	240	50	190	1,725	395	1,330
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	580	280	305	4,230	1,995	2,230
Lebanon	2,225	1,195	1,030	39,135	20,800	18,340
Pakistan	1,440	715	725	10,010	5,260	4,750
Philippines	1,995	710	1,280	24,410	9,040	15,370
Sri Lanka	685	320	365	10,715	5,335	5,380
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	635	295	335	17,775	8,800	8,980
Taiwan	710	290	420	2,735	1,100	1,635
Viet Nam	3,255	1,515	1,745	25,440	11,765	13,675
Other places of birth in Asia	5,375	2,635	2,740	44,795	21,840	22,950
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	180	80	100	1,480	805	670
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	23,780	11,315	12,465	215,170	105,105	110,065
Americas	6,030	2,825	3,205	47,710	22,625	25,085
Brazil	330	160	175	3,010	1,495	1,520
Colombia	1,655	735	920	7,540	3,465	4,075
Cuba	410	220	185	2,565	1,260	1,315
Haiti	1,055	485	570	16,880	7,690	9,190
Jamaica	15	0	0	190	140	55
Mexico	555	240	315	4,210	1,955	2,255
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	480	250	225	3,990	2,265	1,720
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	440	220	225	1,955	935	1,020
Other places of birth in Americas	1,085	520	570	7,365	3,425	3,935
Europe	4,510	2,210	2,300	39,320	20,085	19,235
France	1,920	1,035	880	20,030	10,855	9,175
Germany	85	30	50	580	250	330
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	20	10	10	135	105	35
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	330	140	190	3,750	1,695	2,055
Romania	485	200	285	2,945	1,260	1,685
Russian Federation	280	100	180	1,970	865	1,105
Ukraine	425	210	215	2,460	1,110	1,350
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	160	95	70	860	565	290
Other places of birth in Europe	805	385	425	6,590	3,385	3,205
Africa	8,270	4,030	4,240	74,200	37,110	37,090
Algeria	1,065	520	545	16,380	8,060	8,320
Cameroon	1,090	525	570	7,550	3,705	3,845
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	385	175	210	3,370	1,655	1,715
Côte d'Ivoire	770	360	410	5,070	2,505	2,565
Egypt	420	190	235	4,360	2,260	2,095
Eritrea	0	0	0	50	30	20
Ethiopia	0	0	10	125	65	60
Morocco	1,170	595	575	13,475	6,675	6,805
Nigeria	60	20	40	540	280	260
Somalia	0	0	0	95	40	50
South Africa, Republic of	20	15	10	175	115	60
Tunisia	535	280	255	5,855	3,025	2,825
Other places of birth in Africa	2,740	1,350	1,390	17,155	8,690	8,470
Asia	4,935	2,245	2,690	53,595	25,070	28,525
Afghanistan	465	210	260	1,555	715	840
Bangladesh	40	25	15	860	455	405
China^{Census data footnote 59}	1,675	725	940	10,705	4,805	5,895
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	20	15	0	120	35	80
India	270	125	145	2,960	1,555	1,405
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	310	140	165	7,505	3,545	3,960
Iraq	25	0	20	985	465	515
Israel	75	50	20	645	390	255
Japan	40	10	35	330	30	295
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	45	35	10	825	370	455
Lebanon	165	90	80	3,955	2,100	1,860
Nepal	20	0	20	360	165	195
Pakistan	245	100	145	1,815	920	895
Philippines	305	130	175	5,635	2,345	3,290
Saudi Arabia	40	15	25	435	210	225
Sri Lanka	35	15	20	860	380	480
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	345	200	145	7,455	3,740	3,715
Taiwan	10	0	15	170	60	105
Turkey	65	25	35	585	300	285
United Arab Emirates	50	30	15	300	160	145
Viet Nam	240	95	145	1,505	560	945
Other places of birth in Asia	450	195	250	4,025	1,765	2,265
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	35	10	25	345	215	135
Australia	25	10	15	190	120	70
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	10	0	10	155	95	65
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	1,474,525	729,320	745,205	7,965,450	3,941,440	4,024,015
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	157,025	77,245	79,785	1,204,895	590,175	614,720
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	123,800	63,105	60,690	792,085	399,535	392,550
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	1,193,705	588,975	604,725	5,968,475	2,951,730	3,016,745
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	114,555	55,280	59,275	867,685	420,465	447,220
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	64,145	33,420	30,730	469,015	243,915	225,100
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	28,525	18,165	10,360	224,720	137,975	86,745
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	35,625	15,255	20,370	244,300	105,945	138,360
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	31,355	12,345	19,005	241,225	96,130	145,095
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	17,880	8,915	8,975	146,295	75,100	71,195
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	1,175	605	570	11,150	5,320	5,825
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	1,474,525	729,320	745,205	7,965,450	3,941,440	4,024,010
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	17,390	8,650	8,745	182,885	91,890	90,995
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	16,315	8,170	8,145	175,960	88,635	87,325
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	9,210	4,595	4,615	92,655	45,510	47,145
Métis	6,860	3,465	3,395	69,365	36,260	33,100
Inuk (Inuit)	245	115	130	13,940	6,865	7,075
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	380	155	225	2,760	1,330	1,430
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	695	325	375	4,170	1,930	2,245
Non-Aboriginal identity	1,457,140	720,670	736,465	7,782,560	3,849,550	3,933,015
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	1,474,530	729,320	745,205	7,965,455	3,941,440	4,024,015
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	5,390	2,775	2,615	77,490	38,580	38,915
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	1,469,135	726,550	742,585	7,887,960	3,902,860	3,985,100
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	1,474,525	729,320	745,205	7,965,455	3,941,440	4,024,015
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	11,620	5,660	5,965	118,780	58,535	60,245
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	11,395	5,545	5,845	115,480	56,930	58,550
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	9,615	4,655	4,955	87,700	42,730	44,965
Métis single ancestry	1,630	815	815	17,585	9,225	8,360
Inuit single ancestry	155	80	75	10,200	4,980	5,220
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	230	115	120	3,300	1,605	1,700
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	195	100	95	2,220	1,115	1,105
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	30	10	20	995	455	540
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	65	25	40
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	20	10	15
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	44,145	20,660	23,490	240,650	113,905	126,740
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	43,540	20,350	23,190	235,365	111,205	124,165
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	38,100	17,735	20,370	193,625	90,650	102,975
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	5,095	2,475	2,620	37,080	18,320	18,760
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	345	145	200	4,660	2,230	2,425
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	600	300	300	5,280	2,700	2,575
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	475	245	230	4,040	2,105	1,940
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	115	50	60	990	475	515
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	20	15	10	225	110	115
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	25	15	10
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	1,418,760	703,005	715,755	7,606,025	3,769,000	3,837,030
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	1,474,530	729,320	745,205	7,965,450	3,941,440	4,024,015
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	138,395	67,695	70,705	1,032,365	505,180	527,185
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	11,020	5,495	5,525	90,335	46,750	43,585
Chinese	20,895	9,350	11,540	99,505	44,370	55,135
Black	38,930	19,125	19,805	319,230	154,110	165,120
Filipino	3,265	1,390	1,875	34,910	14,275	20,635
Latin American	21,855	10,460	11,395	133,920	64,655	69,260
Arab	21,130	11,440	9,690	213,740	113,420	100,320
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	8,240	3,995	4,240	62,820	29,960	32,865
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	5,430	2,820	2,610	32,405	16,200	16,210
Korean	1,030	475	555	8,055	3,865	4,190
Japanese	600	240	360	4,570	1,755	2,820
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	2,175	1,060	1,115	9,840	4,670	5,175
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	3,840	1,850	1,990	23,045	11,160	11,885
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	1,336,130	661,630	674,500	6,933,085	3,436,260	3,496,830
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	1,474,530	729,320	745,205	7,965,455	3,941,435	4,024,010
North American Aboriginal origins	55,765	26,315	29,455	359,430	172,440	186,985
First Nations (North American Indian)	48,525	22,795	25,735	289,610	137,550	152,065
Inuit	655	290	365	17,175	8,300	8,880
Métis	7,415	3,645	3,770	61,260	30,915	30,345
Other North American origins	979,105	481,865	497,240	4,850,145	2,390,545	2,459,605
Acadian	6,285	3,020	3,265	34,785	16,440	18,345
American	9,310	4,455	4,855	45,050	21,470	23,580
Canadian	939,575	462,060	477,520	4,647,840	2,288,280	2,359,555
New Brunswicker	180	95	90	750	370	380
Newfoundlander	70	30	45	570	280	295
Nova Scotian	55	25	30	365	155	215
Ontarian	245	110	140	1,345	660	685
Québécois	37,140	18,830	18,310	184,005	93,895	90,110
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	45	25	25	205	110	100
European origins	578,910	288,265	290,640	3,037,890	1,511,060	1,526,825
British Isles origins	161,030	77,945	83,090	745,715	360,135	385,575
Channel Islander	125	65	55	1,440	725	720
Cornish	15	0	10	70	35	40
English	52,195	25,595	26,600	228,520	111,855	116,670
Irish	94,425	44,975	49,445	446,215	211,545	234,665
Manx	50	20	30	200	105	95
Scottish	45,670	21,965	23,700	215,030	103,395	111,635
Welsh	2,180	995	1,185	10,765	5,075	5,690
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	7,465	3,445	4,025	32,525	15,440	17,080
French origins	378,175	188,590	189,580	1,878,795	941,770	937,025
Alsatian	210	105	105	1,050	520	525
Breton	2,270	1,080	1,195	11,140	5,410	5,725
Corsican	120	65	60	1,270	690	580
French	376,610	187,820	188,785	1,870,545	937,665	932,875
Western European origins (except French origins)	52,830	26,120	26,705	244,380	119,115	125,260
Austrian	2,255	1,185	1,065	12,710	6,285	6,430
Bavarian	0	0	0	40	30	20
Belgian	12,800	6,435	6,370	51,340	25,295	26,050
Dutch	6,120	2,995	3,120	26,000	12,805	13,190
Flemish	280	100	180	1,345	660	685
Frisian	0	0	0	15	20	0
German	28,635	13,955	14,680	142,225	68,250	73,975
Luxembourger	130	50	75	910	445	460
Swiss	5,840	2,995	2,840	24,500	12,615	11,885
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	20	10	10	125	80	50
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	4,380	2,160	2,215	25,460	12,490	12,975
Danish	1,210	610	600	5,700	2,815	2,885
Finnish	570	290	285	3,130	1,430	1,700
Icelandic	120	60	60	955	480	470
Norwegian	1,295	595	700	7,820	3,835	3,985
Swedish	980	485	490	6,840	3,275	3,565
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	425	195	230	2,500	1,265	1,230
Eastern European origins	40,155	19,975	20,180	249,940	121,660	128,285
Bulgarian	1,880	985	895	9,570	4,675	4,895
Byelorussian	360	160	200	2,530	1,235	1,295
Czech	910	380	535	6,295	2,965	3,330
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	380	190	190	2,150	1,100	1,050
Estonian	150	75	75	890	460	435
Hungarian	4,185	2,165	2,025	28,280	13,970	14,310
Latvian	170	80	90	1,740	835	905
Lithuanian	1,120	545	575	6,630	3,320	3,305
Moldovan	950	475	475	7,620	3,710	3,900
Polish	11,965	5,885	6,080	79,040	38,705	40,335
Romanian	8,745	4,300	4,445	53,060	25,935	27,125
Russian	6,985	3,490	3,495	55,230	26,405	28,830
Slovak	900	430	465	4,770	2,375	2,395
Ukrainian	7,865	3,900	3,970	42,550	20,575	21,975
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	150	90	55	2,900	1,505	1,400
Southern European origins	79,885	40,600	39,285	549,750	273,670	276,080
Albanian	340	185	160	3,760	1,950	1,805
Bosnian	205	105	100	2,970	1,485	1,490
Catalan	100	65	30	735	395	340
Croatian	1,155	570	585	6,745	3,375	3,370
Cypriot	85	30	50	480	240	245
Greek	7,875	4,110	3,765	71,330	36,235	35,090
Italian	47,050	23,950	23,095	326,700	162,650	164,045
Kosovar	25	15	10	505	295	210
Macedonian	145	70	80	775	400	370
Maltese	285	140	145	1,220	615	610
Montenegrin	50	20	30	450	250	200
Portuguese	11,030	5,535	5,495	69,805	34,825	34,980
Serbian	500	255	245	5,950	2,915	3,040
Sicilian	275	110	160	1,435	710	725
Slovenian	635	295	335	2,510	1,225	1,280
Spanish	14,630	7,290	7,345	85,360	41,745	43,615
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	500	260	235	3,270	1,595	1,670
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	40	15	20	300	155	145
Other European origins	3,715	1,875	1,840	38,670	19,875	18,800
Basque	460	225	240	3,620	1,930	1,690
Jewish	1,705	870	835	25,235	12,955	12,280
Roma (Gypsy)	50	35	15	475	270	205
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	50	30	25	360	180	185
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	1,470	730	740	9,215	4,690	4,530
Caribbean origins	24,045	11,450	12,595	201,625	93,935	107,690
Antiguan	120	35	85	380	170	205
Bahamian	95	35	60	430	205	225
Barbadian	1,160	605	550	5,570	2,585	2,985
Bermudan	30	20	10	115	50	65
Carib	45	10	35	405	150	255
Cuban	1,565	775	790	9,830	4,800	5,035
Dominican	1,575	680	890	11,560	5,320	6,235
Grenadian	310	125	195	1,965	790	1,175
Guadeloupean	175	90	75	1,010	475	535
Haitian	14,505	6,650	7,855	143,165	66,245	76,925
Jamaican	2,245	1,165	1,080	14,100	6,785	7,315
Kittitian/Nevisian	55	40	10	360	200	160
Martinican	230	115	115	1,775	820	950
Montserratan	80	45	35	240	140	105
Puerto Rican	80	30	50	530	270	255
St. Lucian	135	75	60	860	450	405
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	1,455	620	830	6,585	2,925	3,660
Vincentian/Grenadinian	570	285	280	4,020	1,695	2,325
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	1,085	600	480	5,635	2,610	3,025
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	455	245	215	4,195	1,995	2,205
Latin, Central and South American origins	29,435	14,210	15,220	167,275	81,215	86,065
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	890	390	500	6,100	2,885	3,210
Arawak	20	10	15	180	60	120
Argentinian	725	370	360	4,950	2,490	2,460
Belizean	35	15	20	80	40	40
Bolivian	230	95	130	1,730	815	915
Brazilian	1,265	645	620	8,345	4,075	4,275
Chilean	3,190	1,535	1,655	14,060	7,055	7,005
Colombian	7,640	3,485	4,155	33,965	15,915	18,050
Costa Rican	175	70	105	1,180	570	610
Ecuadorian	460	210	245	2,720	1,255	1,470
Guatemalan	1,420	850	570	10,175	5,380	4,795
Guyanese	830	420	410	3,670	1,810	1,860
Hispanic	120	50	75	1,155	570	585
Honduran	370	185	185	4,335	2,135	2,200
Maya	280	140	140	1,670	935	735
Mexican	4,355	2,090	2,265	26,930	13,185	13,745
Nicaraguan	360	185	175	2,805	1,360	1,445
Panamanian	325	165	160	1,460	755	710
Paraguayan	80	40	45	365	155	205
Peruvian	4,210	1,990	2,215	19,735	9,240	10,495
Salvadorean	1,875	1,030	845	19,200	9,535	9,665
Uruguayan	195	85	105	1,755	815	940
Venezuelan	1,660	765	895	7,475	3,430	4,045
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	775	400	380	5,845	2,965	2,880
African origins	46,825	24,100	22,725	382,665	196,910	185,755
Central and West African origins	11,865	6,065	5,800	86,695	44,720	41,975
Akan	75	30	40	630	325	310
Angolan	95	40	60	875	425	450
Ashanti	30	15	20	120	90	35
Beninese	595	335	265	4,125	2,220	1,915
Burkinabe	405	205	200	2,465	1,325	1,145
Cameroonian	2,915	1,435	1,480	17,095	8,635	8,465
Chadian	50	30	25	1,045	525	520
Congolese	2,540	1,200	1,340	20,210	9,960	10,250
Edo	10	15	0	110	60	45
Ewe	90	40	50	460	265	200
Gabonese	160	95	65	1,165	545	620
Gambian	45	30	15	150	95	55
Ghanaian	310	180	130	3,235	1,660	1,575
Guinean	580	345	235	5,255	2,765	2,485
Ibo	0	0	0	185	95	95
Ivorian	1,185	600	580	8,545	4,350	4,200
Liberian	35	15	20	150	60	90
Malian	470	220	250	3,535	1,755	1,775
Malinké	20	10	10	635	340	295
Nigerian	270	140	130	2,820	1,510	1,310
Peulh	180	90	95	2,110	1,080	1,030
Senegalese	1,250	645	600	8,250	4,420	3,835
Sierra Leonean	10	0	0	110	55	55
Togolese	645	345	300	4,080	2,210	1,870
Wolof	95	55	40	660	390	270
Yoruba	60	30	30	460	225	235
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	855	500	350	6,955	3,690	3,275
North African origins	24,795	13,130	11,665	225,125	117,725	107,410
Algerian	5,760	3,005	2,755	60,375	31,185	29,190
Berber	3,630	1,860	1,770	33,825	17,840	15,985
Coptic	130	70	55	685	385	305
Dinka	0	0	0	15	10	10
Egyptian	4,635	2,455	2,175	29,400	15,295	14,100
Libyan	105	75	30	1,075	590	485
Maure	25	0	15	530	290	240
Moroccan	9,260	4,900	4,355	85,940	44,520	41,420
Sudanese	60	35	30	370	220	150
Tunisian	2,180	1,205	975	21,475	11,775	9,695
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	255	150	105	3,340	1,845	1,490
Southern and East African origins	4,485	2,165	2,320	28,925	14,225	14,705
Afrikaner	20	0	20	115	75	40
Amhara	0	0	0	65	30	35
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	150	80	75	1,905	1,040	870
Burundian	620	280	340	6,015	2,945	3,070
Djiboutian	20	10	10	450	205	245
Eritrean	125	55	65	580	290	290
Ethiopian	125	65	60	1,575	785	785
Harari	0	0	0	20	10	10
Kenyan	110	75	35	530	270	260
Malagasy	915	440	475	3,735	1,815	1,920
Mauritian	1,285	585	700	3,695	1,735	1,960
Oromo	0	0	0	20	15	10
Rwandan	640	320	330	5,130	2,445	2,685
Seychellois	75	40	35	775	345	425
Somali	120	75	40	1,785	865	915
South African	135	85	50	900	490	420
Tanzanian	35	15	20	325	190	140
Tigrian	10	0	10	95	35	55
Ugandan	50	30	20	290	135	160
Zambian	0	0	0	45	20	25
Zimbabwean	35	15	20	300	150	145
Zulu	0	0	0	70	35	35
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	170	90	80	1,790	915	875
Other African origins	6,460	3,160	3,300	46,805	22,845	23,965
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	560	260	295	3,800	1,845	1,950
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	6,020	2,945	3,075	43,785	21,415	22,370
Asian origins	74,045	35,930	38,110	563,150	275,170	287,980
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	24,595	12,915	11,685	240,795	123,985	116,810
Afghan	4,025	2,095	1,935	10,945	5,550	5,395
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	4,980	2,600	2,385	44,875	23,680	21,195
Armenian	1,980	990	990	27,380	13,515	13,865
Assyrian	40	25	10	370	205	165
Azerbaijani	35	25	10	555	295	255
Georgian	25	15	15	635	295	345
Hazara	265	130	135	385	190	200
Iranian	2,350	1,260	1,090	25,530	12,845	12,685
Iraqi	590	290	305	5,520	2,780	2,740
Israeli	345	190	150	6,060	3,235	2,830
Jordanian	210	115	95	1,610	840	770
Kazakh	90	35	55	620	295	325
Kurd	225	135	80	2,135	1,180	960
Kuwaiti	10	10	0	95	50	50
Kyrgyz	45	25	15	260	140	120
Lebanese	6,500	3,410	3,090	78,140	40,695	37,450
Palestinian	995	535	465	6,865	3,520	3,345
Pashtun	75	40	30	515	280	235
Saudi Arabian	55	30	20	645	390	255
Syrian	1,870	950	925	27,465	13,845	13,620
Tajik	80	30	40	390	180	210
Tatar	90	35	60	910	430	485
Turk	1,335	730	605	15,060	7,520	7,545
Turkmen	10	10	0	65	45	25
Uighur	30	20	10	375	185	190
Uzbek	45	10	40	465	210	255
Yemeni	95	65	30	805	450	355
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	210	130	80	2,465	1,385	1,075
South Asian origins	12,360	6,210	6,150	95,670	48,925	46,745
Bangladeshi	475	220	250	7,075	3,625	3,450
Bengali	320	175	150	4,125	2,035	2,090
Bhutanese	0	0	0	420	205	215
East Indian	8,315	4,165	4,145	51,650	26,505	25,140
Goan	50	25	20	210	105	110
Gujarati	70	40	35	420	205	215
Kashmiri	15	10	10	260	155	105
Nepali	65	30	40	930	460	470
Pakistani	1,935	1,000	940	13,535	7,000	6,535
Punjabi	310	165	145	2,970	1,675	1,295
Sinhalese	40	15	25	310	135	175
Sri Lankan	1,075	540	540	14,750	7,300	7,450
Tamil	110	45	70	3,100	1,610	1,495
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	260	145	110	2,135	1,190	945
East and Southeast Asian origins	37,800	17,235	20,565	229,985	103,805	126,180
Burmese	50	35	20	530	270	255
Cambodian (Khmer)	1,635	750	885	15,345	7,360	7,985
Chinese	24,340	10,920	13,425	121,445	54,595	66,850
Filipino	3,855	1,695	2,165	37,910	15,590	22,320
Hmong	0	0	0	35	10	20
Indonesian	170	55	115	1,320	570	755
Japanese	930	385	545	6,495	2,615	3,875
Karen	0	0	0	95	55	40
Korean	1,170	540	630	8,740	4,155	4,580
Laotian	1,300	660	635	7,625	3,860	3,770
Malaysian	85	55	30	645	300	340
Mongolian	160	70	85	960	470	485
Singaporean	10	10	0	105	65	40
Taiwanese	490	220	270	2,205	940	1,265
Thai	420	145	275	2,695	1,065	1,635
Tibetan	30	20	10	80	45	30
Vietnamese	5,845	2,865	2,980	43,080	20,790	22,290
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	0	0	0	275	125	155
Other Asian origins	255	100	155	1,765	905	865
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	255	100	160	1,770	905	860
Oceania origins	360	210	150	3,250	1,730	1,515
Australian	270	165	105	2,055	1,125	935
New Zealander	70	40	35	490	245	245
Pacific Islands origins	30	10	15	785	410	380
Fijian	10	10	0	70	25	40
Hawaiian	0	0	0	60	40	20
Maori	0	0	0	90	55	35
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	10	10	0	290	145	145
Samoan	0	0	0	15	15	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	15	0	10	295	155	145
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	626,075	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
Owner	437,695	...	...	2,163,735	...	...
Renter	188,325	...	...	1,362,010	...	...
Band housing	60	...	...	5,915	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	626,080	...	...	3,531,660	...	...
Condominium	71,825	...	...	413,325	...	...
Not condominium	554,250	...	...	3,118,340	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	626,075	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
No bedrooms	1,555	...	...	23,725	...	...
1 bedroom	68,365	...	...	573,370	...	...
2 bedrooms	187,585	...	...	1,100,310	...	...
3 bedrooms	225,530	...	...	1,157,300	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	143,040	...	...	676,955	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	626,075	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	179,210	...	...	1,258,215	...	...
5 rooms	104,570	...	...	620,935	...	...
6 rooms	76,955	...	...	432,090	...	...
7 rooms	81,710	...	...	403,255	...	...
8 or more rooms	183,630	...	...	817,165	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.2	...	...	5.8	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	626,075	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
One person or fewer per room	622,535	...	...	3,492,135	...	...
More than 1 person per room	3,540	...	...	39,530	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	626,075	...	...	3,531,660	...	...
Suitable	610,500	...	...	3,398,910	...	...
Not suitable	15,575	...	...	132,755	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	626,080	...	...	3,531,660	...	...
1960 or before	115,405	...	...	894,495	...	...
1961 to 1980	204,900	...	...	1,116,760	...	...
1981 to 1990	97,535	...	...	503,495	...	...
1991 to 2000	71,770	...	...	369,020	...	...
2001 to 2005	43,250	...	...	196,830	...	...
2006 to 2010	51,715	...	...	241,545	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	41,505	...	...	209,515	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	626,080	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	590,335	...	...	3,304,625	...	...
Major repairs needed	35,745	...	...	227,040	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	626,075	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
1 household maintainer	373,965	...	...	2,221,970	...	...
2 household maintainers	245,560	...	...	1,264,195	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	6,555	...	...	45,500	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	626,075	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
15 to 24 years	15,540	...	...	119,495	...	...
25 to 34 years	79,315	...	...	498,070	...	...
35 to 44 years	110,520	...	...	603,840	...	...
45 to 54 years	128,960	...	...	682,290	...	...
55 to 64 years	132,545	...	...	731,390	...	...
65 to 74 years	99,625	...	...	541,630	...	...
75 to 84 years	46,840	...	...	270,280	...	...
85 years and over	12,730	...	...	84,680	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	620,140	...	...	3,496,460	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	506,735	...	...	2,763,105	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	113,410	...	...	733,355	...	...
30% to less than 100%	103,350	...	...	647,975	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	432,870	...	...	2,141,690	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	64.5	...	...	61.9	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	12.1	...	...	12.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,063	...	...	983	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,119	...	...	1,085	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	264,520	...	...	250,302	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	297,705	...	...	290,484	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	187,810	...	...	1,358,265	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	7.5	...	...	9.3	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	32.6	...	...	33.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	721	...	...	720	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	761	...	...	775	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	1,216,110	597,040	619,070	6,634,280	3,260,035	3,374,240
No certificate, diploma or degree	240,500	125,500	115,005	1,323,070	674,955	648,115
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	280,795	132,760	148,035	1,426,980	674,820	752,155
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	694,815	338,780	356,035	3,884,235	1,910,260	1,973,970
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	208,725	126,040	82,690	1,120,730	681,515	439,215
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	149,520	79,005	70,520	806,585	435,090	371,495
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	59,200	47,035	12,165	314,145	246,425	67,720
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	218,735	93,760	124,975	1,165,515	506,775	658,740
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	44,320	17,840	26,480	236,255	93,680	142,575
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	223,040	101,140	121,900	1,361,730	628,290	733,440
Bachelor's degree	150,435	65,315	85,115	872,060	384,275	487,790
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	19,830	8,825	10,995	118,955	54,255	64,695
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	5,585	2,805	2,775	39,045	19,865	19,185
Master's degree	41,550	20,705	20,845	281,215	139,280	141,935
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	5,645	3,485	2,160	50,455	30,615	19,840
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	802,580	395,325	407,260	4,371,935	2,167,810	2,204,125
No certificate, diploma or degree	106,030	60,915	45,115	580,635	323,880	256,750
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	163,595	79,360	84,235	808,955	396,620	412,330
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	532,955	255,050	277,910	2,982,345	1,447,305	1,535,040
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	160,740	94,615	66,130	866,595	513,575	353,015
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	116,555	59,640	56,910	631,795	330,140	301,655
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	44,190	34,975	9,220	234,800	183,440	51,360
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	157,640	68,055	89,580	832,430	367,185	465,245
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	31,745	12,820	18,925	167,025	67,530	99,495
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	182,830	79,555	103,275	1,116,300	499,010	617,290
Bachelor's degree	124,195	52,710	71,490	712,935	308,760	404,175
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	15,785	6,505	9,280	94,240	40,085	54,160
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	4,320	1,805	2,510	30,775	13,505	17,270
Master's degree	34,195	16,030	18,160	238,300	113,895	124,410
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	4,340	2,505	1,840	40,050	22,780	17,270
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	1,216,110	597,040	619,075	6,634,280	3,260,040	3,374,245
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	521,295	258,255	263,040	2,750,050	1,349,775	1,400,270
Education	48,725	10,340	38,385	273,320	62,470	210,845
13. Education	48,725	10,340	38,385	273,320	62,470	210,845
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	25,275	11,320	13,955	156,720	71,485	85,240
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	4,590	3,415	1,175	25,380	18,280	7,100
50. Visual and performing arts	20,685	7,905	12,780	131,340	53,200	78,140
Humanities	34,750	13,045	21,700	215,735	86,065	129,675
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	4,560	845	3,715	32,180	7,165	25,020
23. English language and literature/letters	1,460	440	1,020	12,900	4,060	8,835
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	19,520	7,750	11,775	103,120	42,685	60,435
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	130	65	70	880	395	485
38. Philosophy and religious studies	1,200	760	435	10,400	6,650	3,755
39. Theology and religious vocations	1,490	830	660	10,125	6,200	3,930
54. History	2,370	1,280	1,090	17,055	9,990	7,065
55. French language and literature/letters	4,015	1,085	2,935	29,070	8,920	20,155
Social and behavioural sciences and law	60,740	18,335	42,405	380,995	125,025	255,975
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	570	150	420	4,315	1,165	3,150
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	7,605	2,365	5,235	48,530	16,690	31,845
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	14,305	1,060	13,250	77,470	6,070	71,400
22. Legal professions and studies	11,520	4,145	7,375	67,185	25,785	41,395
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	1,425	270	1,155	9,905	2,035	7,870
42. Psychology	8,905	2,095	6,815	57,335	14,030	43,305
45. Social sciences	16,410	8,255	8,150	116,255	59,245	57,015
Business, management and public administration	165,195	59,420	105,775	879,190	321,450	557,740
30.16 Accounting and computer science	125	50	75	815	300	520
44. Public administration and social service professions	7,040	1,365	5,675	47,715	10,490	37,225
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	158,035	58,010	100,025	830,660	310,665	519,990
Physical and life sciences and technologies	22,905	12,825	10,080	140,990	76,780	64,215
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	7,035	2,780	4,260	49,705	20,900	28,805
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	4,685	2,870	1,820	23,210	13,865	9,350
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	2,795	1,395	1,400	21,890	10,810	11,080
40. Physical sciences	6,920	4,980	1,940	39,060	27,545	11,515
41. Science technologies/technicians	1,465	810	660	7,120	3,660	3,465
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	26,945	18,490	8,455	152,105	104,850	47,255
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	22,810	16,625	6,185	125,480	92,730	32,750
25. Library science	1,660	305	1,355	11,110	2,145	8,965
27. Mathematics and statistics	2,140	1,305	830	13,415	8,365	5,045
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	340	250	90	2,100	1,605	495
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	156,640	144,170	12,470	828,400	758,350	70,055
04. Architecture and related services	4,575	2,605	1,970	29,015	17,055	11,960
14. Engineering	26,640	22,465	4,170	150,450	124,585	25,865
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	29,910	26,860	3,055	150,640	135,445	15,195
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	10	0	10	60	20	40
46. Construction trades	35,145	34,180	965	185,385	179,995	5,390
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	34,930	33,805	1,125	184,280	178,510	5,770
48. Precision production	25,425	24,260	1,165	128,580	122,750	5,830
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	14,485	8,850	5,635	85,485	56,900	28,585
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	11,945	7,220	4,725	51,770	30,870	20,900
03. Natural resources and conservation	2,545	1,630	910	33,715	26,025	7,690
Health and related fields	84,975	14,755	70,220	480,230	95,450	384,780
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	4,970	2,415	2,555	27,955	14,675	13,280
51. Health professions and related programs	78,705	11,625	67,080	441,105	74,630	366,470
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	1,300	720	585	11,160	6,140	5,020
Personal, protective and transportation services	54,060	27,165	26,900	290,005	151,070	138,935
12. Personal and culinary services	30,520	7,410	23,110	164,595	43,720	120,875
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	65	60	10	290	270	20
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	340	305	30	1,345	1,245	100
43. Security and protective services	11,335	8,785	2,550	54,625	42,415	12,210
49. Transportation and materials moving	11,805	10,600	1,200	69,160	63,425	5,740
Other	125	65	65	1,055	375	680
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	130	65	65	1,055	375	675
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	802,580	395,325	407,260	4,371,935	2,167,805	2,204,130
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	269,620	140,270	129,350	1,389,585	720,500	669,085
Education	31,750	6,120	25,635	180,615	37,990	142,625
13. Education	31,755	6,120	25,635	180,615	37,990	142,625
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	19,410	8,460	10,955	122,045	55,575	66,475
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	3,540	2,540	1,000	19,510	13,740	5,770
50. Visual and performing arts	15,870	5,915	9,950	102,535	41,830	60,705
Humanities	21,850	8,020	13,835	138,330	54,580	83,750
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	3,510	575	2,935	25,220	5,455	19,765
23. English language and literature/letters	1,085	305	775	9,585	2,990	6,595
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	11,080	4,640	6,440	57,730	25,305	32,430
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	85	35	55	600	255	350
38. Philosophy and religious studies	775	480	290	6,980	4,415	2,570
39. Theology and religious vocations	770	445	320	5,415	3,380	2,035
54. History	1,665	900	760	12,235	7,140	5,095
55. French language and literature/letters	2,885	640	2,245	20,555	5,640	14,915
Social and behavioural sciences and law	48,430	13,695	34,730	301,550	95,120	206,430
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	460	105	355	3,550	925	2,620
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	6,260	1,905	4,350	40,275	13,900	26,370
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	11,840	735	11,105	63,120	4,295	58,825
22. Legal professions and studies	9,175	3,000	6,180	53,620	18,830	34,790
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	920	145	775	6,840	1,420	5,420
42. Psychology	7,055	1,495	5,565	44,540	10,255	34,285
45. Social sciences	12,710	6,305	6,400	89,610	45,495	44,110
Business, management and public administration	132,480	45,785	86,695	706,400	248,920	457,480
30.16 Accounting and computer science	85	35	55	615	215	400
44. Public administration and social service professions	5,575	970	4,610	38,320	7,835	30,485
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	126,815	44,780	82,035	667,470	240,870	426,600
Physical and life sciences and technologies	15,130	8,095	7,030	92,480	49,390	43,090
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	5,870	2,215	3,650	40,895	16,635	24,260
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	2,520	1,490	1,030	12,450	7,435	5,015
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	540	300	245	4,175	2,385	1,785
40. Physical sciences	5,150	3,540	1,610	29,705	20,255	9,445
41. Science technologies/technicians	1,045	555	490	5,255	2,675	2,580
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	23,600	16,185	7,415	132,750	91,865	40,885
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	20,525	14,910	5,615	112,715	83,240	29,470
25. Library science	1,310	220	1,090	8,720	1,665	7,055
27. Mathematics and statistics	1,520	880	640	9,725	5,815	3,915
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	250	175	70	1,585	1,150	440
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	120,420	109,370	11,045	639,185	577,845	61,335
04. Architecture and related services	3,780	2,120	1,660	24,260	13,870	10,385
14. Engineering	22,370	18,510	3,860	126,835	103,165	23,665
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	23,175	20,485	2,685	116,595	103,710	12,885
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	50	15	30
46. Construction trades	25,660	24,835	820	134,865	130,350	4,510
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	26,380	25,385	990	139,935	135,155	4,780
48. Precision production	19,055	18,030	1,025	96,655	91,580	5,075
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	11,780	6,900	4,875	69,865	45,215	24,655
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	9,655	5,565	4,085	41,755	23,965	17,795
03. Natural resources and conservation	2,130	1,330	795	28,110	21,250	6,860
Health and related fields	65,045	10,940	54,100	368,600	72,245	296,355
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	3,995	1,850	2,145	22,660	11,635	11,030
51. Health professions and related programs	60,055	8,625	51,430	337,320	56,510	280,810
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	995	470	525	8,620	4,110	4,510
Personal, protective and transportation services	42,970	21,435	21,540	229,640	118,260	111,375
12. Personal and culinary services	23,935	5,605	18,330	129,245	32,830	96,410
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	55	50	10	225	200	25
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	215	190	25	875	795	80
43. Security and protective services	9,015	6,890	2,125	42,550	32,575	9,975
49. Transportation and materials moving	9,755	8,700	1,055	56,750	51,860	4,890
Other	95	45	50	890	300	595
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	95	45	50	890	300	595
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	1,216,110	597,035	619,075	6,634,280	3,260,040	3,374,240
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	521,295	258,260	263,040	2,750,045	1,349,775	1,400,270
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	694,820	338,780	356,035	3,884,235	1,910,265	1,973,970
Location of study inside Canada	645,160	312,940	332,220	3,509,610	1,716,730	1,792,880
Same as province or territory of residence	628,365	303,740	324,625	3,367,195	1,642,930	1,724,270
Different than province or territory of residence	16,790	9,200	7,595	142,415	73,800	68,610
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	49,655	25,845	23,810	374,620	193,530	181,090
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	4,275	2,450	1,820	28,320	16,915	11,410
Philippines	980	315	665	12,515	3,600	8,920
India	835	405	435	6,805	3,660	3,150
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	1,970	1,175	790	11,250	6,535	4,715
China^{Census data footnote 162}	3,000	1,390	1,615	17,155	7,755	9,395
France	8,485	4,980	3,505	69,665	39,885	29,780
Other	30,110	15,125	14,985	228,905	115,185	113,725
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	802,580	395,320	407,260	4,371,935	2,167,810	2,204,130
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	269,620	140,270	129,350	1,389,590	720,505	669,085
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	532,960	255,050	277,910	2,982,350	1,447,305	1,535,045
Location of study inside Canada	493,870	235,615	258,255	2,676,230	1,293,455	1,382,780
Same as province or territory of residence	481,480	229,010	252,470	2,567,605	1,238,320	1,329,280
Different than province or territory of residence	12,395	6,610	5,785	108,630	55,125	53,500
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	39,085	19,430	19,655	306,115	153,850	152,265
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	2,950	1,560	1,395	19,655	11,145	8,505
Philippines	680	205	470	10,545	2,935	7,610
India	515	245	265	4,865	2,465	2,400
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	1,140	640	500	7,390	4,245	3,145
China^{Census data footnote 162}	2,640	1,200	1,440	15,420	6,865	8,550
France	6,510	3,685	2,820	57,315	32,115	25,205
Other	24,655	11,895	12,755	190,930	94,085	96,850
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	1,216,110	597,040	619,075	6,634,280	3,260,040	3,374,245
In the labour force	802,340	415,295	387,045	4,255,500	2,214,735	2,040,765
Employed	754,960	388,835	366,125	3,949,325	2,037,105	1,912,220
Unemployed	47,380	26,460	20,920	306,170	177,630	128,540
Not in the labour force	413,770	181,745	232,025	2,378,780	1,045,300	1,333,480
Participation rate	66.0	69.6	62.5	64.1	67.9	60.5
Employment rate	62.1	65.1	59.1	59.5	62.5	56.7
Unemployment rate	5.9	6.4	5.4	7.2	8.0	6.3
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	1,216,115	597,035	619,075	6,634,280	3,260,035	3,374,240
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	385,735	167,330	218,405	2,228,315	967,660	1,260,655
Worked	830,380	429,710	400,670	4,405,965	2,292,375	2,113,585
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	411,435	226,515	184,915	2,084,020	1,145,805	938,215
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	418,945	203,190	215,755	2,321,945	1,146,575	1,175,375
Average weeks worked in reference year	43.2	43.5	42.9	42.5	42.7	42.3
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	802,340	415,295	387,045	4,255,500	2,214,735	2,040,765
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	15,740	7,800	7,940	101,485	51,640	49,850
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	786,600	407,500	379,105	4,154,015	2,163,095	1,990,915
Employee	690,515	348,960	341,560	3,664,920	1,863,740	1,801,185
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	96,085	58,535	37,545	489,090	299,355	189,730
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	802,340	415,295	387,045	4,255,500	2,214,735	2,040,765
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	15,745	7,800	7,940	101,490	51,640	49,850
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	786,600	407,495	379,100	4,154,010	2,163,095	1,990,915
0 Management occupations	87,060	55,190	31,870	418,450	263,585	154,875
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	129,730	38,255	91,475	677,390	210,525	466,865
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	53,440	40,950	12,495	286,270	222,375	63,895
3 Health occupations	53,300	8,430	44,870	295,765	57,160	238,610
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	86,770	23,170	63,600	502,945	147,145	355,795
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	21,955	10,090	11,870	135,730	64,370	71,365
6 Sales and service occupations	179,580	79,375	100,200	988,610	449,820	538,790
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	119,285	112,565	6,715	574,675	544,100	30,570
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	12,565	9,750	2,815	67,290	55,610	11,685
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	42,920	29,720	13,200	206,875	148,405	58,475
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	802,340	415,295	387,045	4,255,495	2,214,735	2,040,765
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	15,740	7,800	7,945	101,490	51,635	49,850
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	786,600	407,495	379,105	4,154,010	2,163,095	1,990,915
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	18,285	12,330	5,955	84,060	60,460	23,595
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	1,760	1,400	360	20,920	18,175	2,745
22 Utilities	7,075	4,780	2,290	28,410	20,650	7,755
23 Construction	50,605	44,310	6,295	254,055	223,770	30,285
31-33 Manufacturing	101,495	71,925	29,570	458,315	332,080	126,240
41 Wholesale trade	35,660	23,640	12,020	157,365	104,885	52,475
44-45 Retail trade	98,435	45,950	52,480	508,170	239,625	268,545
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	41,040	30,545	10,490	187,550	142,550	45,000
51 Information and cultural industries	18,975	10,950	8,020	100,775	59,705	41,070
52 Finance and insurance	34,260	13,075	21,180	165,140	66,175	98,965
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	11,065	6,500	4,570	61,380	36,505	24,875
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	53,815	28,655	25,160	288,715	161,030	127,685
55 Management of companies and enterprises	630	230	400	3,305	1,270	2,035
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	30,925	19,090	11,835	176,185	108,280	67,905
61 Educational services	52,425	14,520	37,900	306,575	96,170	210,405
62 Health care and social assistance	94,045	14,425	79,620	532,680	99,380	433,295
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	15,470	8,075	7,395	84,130	44,235	39,895
72 Accommodation and food services	46,350	19,900	26,450	278,500	123,235	155,265
81 Other services (except public administration)	35,730	16,615	19,115	193,700	89,455	104,245
91 Public administration	38,560	20,575	17,985	264,085	135,455	128,630
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	754,960	388,835	366,120	3,949,325	2,037,105	1,912,220
Worked at home	53,505	26,785	26,720	266,285	134,325	131,960
Worked outside Canada	1,890	1,400	490	10,600	7,580	3,020
No fixed workplace address	67,015	51,355	15,660	351,595	265,405	86,185
Worked at usual place	632,550	309,295	323,255	3,320,850	1,629,795	1,691,050
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	632,545	309,295	323,255	3,320,845	1,629,795	1,691,050
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	187,215	83,720	103,495	1,732,155	810,895	921,260
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	110,360	51,325	59,035	485,450	234,700	250,750
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	332,975	173,100	159,875	1,037,125	549,095	488,030
Commute to a different province or territory	1,995	1,145	850	66,125	35,110	31,015
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	699,565	360,650	338,910	3,672,445	1,895,200	1,777,240
Car, truck, van - as a driver	565,455	301,805	263,650	2,739,405	1,475,775	1,263,625
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	24,450	9,445	15,000	133,760	51,045	82,715
Public transit	70,600	29,905	40,700	503,285	217,465	285,820
Walked	26,925	11,890	15,040	205,350	93,595	111,760
Bicycle	6,465	4,645	1,825	54,625	36,470	18,155
Other method	5,660	2,960	2,700	36,010	20,845	15,170
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	699,560	360,650	338,915	3,672,440	1,895,200	1,777,240
Less than 15 minutes	190,605	88,500	102,105	1,035,455	493,225	542,235
15 to 29 minutes	215,005	108,465	106,540	1,200,455	617,010	583,445
30 to 44 minutes	148,445	83,350	65,095	777,955	425,640	352,310
45 to 59 minutes	76,995	42,905	34,090	343,540	184,440	159,100
60 minutes and over	68,515	37,435	31,085	315,035	174,875	140,160
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	699,565	360,650	338,915	3,672,440	1,895,205	1,777,240
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	57,305	43,580	13,720	256,150	192,835	63,315
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	142,745	87,685	55,055	675,585	420,120	255,465
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	213,375	97,875	115,500	1,133,510	527,925	605,580
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	120,610	47,860	72,755	714,935	296,300	418,630
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	61,745	24,545	37,200	349,845	148,715	201,125
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	103,780	59,100	44,675	542,425	309,295	233,125
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	851,290	439,615	411,675	4,529,770	2,352,115	2,177,655
Single responses	789,810	407,090	382,720	4,187,865	2,169,480	2,018,385
Official languages	786,390	405,260	381,130	4,153,710	2,152,290	2,001,420
English	80,270	43,515	36,760	541,720	294,935	246,780
French	706,120	361,745	344,375	3,611,990	1,857,350	1,754,640
Non-official languages	3,415	1,830	1,590	34,160	17,190	16,970
Aboriginal languages	15	10	15	12,670	6,180	6,490
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	8,350	4,095	4,260
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	8,285	4,060	4,220
Atikamekw	0	0	0	1,100	580	515
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	1,800	840	960
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	210	105	100
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	35	20	15
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5,145	2,515	2,630
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	30	20	10
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	25	20	10
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	45	15	25
Algonquin	0	0	0	45	20	30
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	10	0	0	4,305	2,080	2,220
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	10	4,290	2,075	2,215
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Iroquoian languages	15	0	10	15	0	15
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	10	0	10	10	0	15
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	10
Non-Aboriginal languages	3,400	1,830	1,575	21,490	11,005	10,480
Afro-Asiatic languages	120	65	55	1,895	1,125	775
Berber languages	0	0	0	35	10	30
Kabyle	0	0	0	15	0	20
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	0	10
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	120	70	55	1,860	1,110	745
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	110	65	45	1,715	1,045	665
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	10	0	10	10	0	10
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	10	0	10	140	70	70
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	10	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	150	75	70	1,725	850	870
Khmer (Cambodian)	35	15	15	315	140	175
Vietnamese	115	65	55	1,410	710	695
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	10	0	0	135	65	70
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	10	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	10
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	115	50	60
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	15	0	10	275	90	190
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	10	0	10
Creole, n.o.s.	10	0	10	265	90	175
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	10	10	0	0
Dravidian languages	15	0	10	150	75	75
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	15	0	15	145	75	70
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	10
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Indo-European languages	1,300	775	525	10,165	5,255	4,910
Albanian	0	0	0	30	20	10
Armenian	15	0	10	275	130	145
Balto-Slavic languages	120	45	75	1,130	500	635
Baltic languages	0	0	0	15	0	10
Latvian	0	0	0	15	10	10
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	10	0
Slavic languages	120	45	70	1,115	495	625
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Bulgarian	15	0	15	55	20	30
Croatian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Czech	0	0	0	10	0	10
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	170	65	105
Russian	100	45	60	735	340	395
Serbian	0	0	0	10	15	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	110	35	75
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	70	35	30	1,285	575	715
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	15	10	0
Dutch	0	0	0	25	10	15
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	60	35	25	370	170	195
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	10	0	10	15	10	10
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	860	375	485
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	40	20	20	525	260	270
Indo-Iranian languages	145	75	65	1,385	780	600
Indo-Aryan languages	85	30	55	680	390	295
Bengali	15	10	10	110	70	35
Gujarati	0	0	0	20	0	10
Hindi	0	0	0	35	20	15
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	20	0	10
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	60	25	40	415	225	190
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	10	85	50	35
Iranian languages	55	45	10	700	395	305
Kurdish	0	0	0	15	0	15
Pashto	0	0	0	10	0	15
Persian (Farsi)	60	45	15	675	385	285
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	920	595	325	5,525	2,990	2,540
Catalan	0	0	0	15	0	15
Italian	20	15	10	590	315	275
Portuguese	60	25	40	635	365	270
Romanian	30	15	15	320	140	175
Spanish	805	535	265	3,975	2,165	1,810
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Japanese	40	10	30	235	80	150
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Georgian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Korean	10	0	0	300	150	150
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	10	0	0	45	25	20
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	10	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	10	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	10	0	0	25	20	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	10	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	10
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	40	15	20	205	60	140
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	30	10	25	125	20	110
Sign languages, n.i.e	10	0	0	70	45	30
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,680	860	820	6,070	3,125	2,945
Chinese languages	1,680	865	820	6,075	3,130	2,950
Cantonese	935	480	460	2,655	1,325	1,330
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	690	345	345	3,100	1,630	1,465
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	15	15	10	70	40	30
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	15	10	10
Chinese, n.o.s.	40	25	10	235	130	110
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	25	10	15	110	40	75
Lao	25	10	10	55	25	30
Thai	0	0	0	55	10	40
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	15	10	10	110	60	50
Azerbaijani	0	10	0	0	0	0
Turkish	10	0	0	110	55	55
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	40	10	40
Estonian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	35	0	35
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Multiple responses	61,485	32,530	28,955	341,900	182,635	159,265
English and French	58,190	30,870	27,320	315,620	169,365	146,255
English and non-official language	820	455	365	6,545	3,655	2,890
French and non-official language	940	425	520	7,525	3,460	4,065
English, French and non-official language	1,535	780	755	12,205	6,160	6,055
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	851,295	439,615	411,675	4,529,770	2,352,110	2,177,655
None	557,395	283,425	273,965	3,107,035	1,588,345	1,518,690
English	233,005	123,885	109,120	1,031,380	555,940	475,440
French	52,045	27,780	24,270	317,490	169,785	147,705
Non-official language	5,765	3,015	2,750	49,850	25,900	23,950
Aboriginal	80	30	50	4,985	2,285	2,705
Non-Aboriginal	5,685	2,985	2,700	44,865	23,620	21,245
English and French	205	85	115	2,185	1,040	1,140
English and non-official language	2,200	1,055	1,150	14,910	7,255	7,655
French and non-official language	660	350	305	6,855	3,795	3,055
English, French and non-official language	15	10	10	65	50	20
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	1,459,045	721,340	737,705	7,880,315	3,897,740	3,982,575
Non-movers	1,303,950	645,930	658,015	6,965,520	3,447,320	3,518,195
Movers	155,100	75,410	79,690	914,800	450,420	464,380
Non-migrants	74,475	36,060	38,415	547,410	269,850	277,560
Migrants	80,625	39,350	41,270	367,385	180,565	186,820
Internal migrants	75,180	36,480	38,700	305,465	149,335	156,135
Intraprovincial migrants	72,755	35,225	37,530	284,280	137,945	146,330
Interprovincial migrants	2,425	1,255	1,170	21,190	11,385	9,805
External migrants	5,445	2,870	2,570	61,920	31,235	30,685
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	1,391,245	687,070	704,170	7,520,960	3,714,155	3,806,805
Non-movers	916,100	455,840	460,260	4,825,870	2,388,805	2,437,065
Movers	475,145	231,230	243,915	2,695,090	1,325,345	1,369,740
Non-migrants	219,275	106,605	112,675	1,507,665	741,220	766,440
Migrants	255,865	124,630	131,240	1,187,425	584,125	603,295
Internal migrants	232,880	113,460	119,425	949,170	464,830	484,340
Intraprovincial migrants	226,290	110,140	116,150	893,800	436,525	457,270
Interprovincial migrants	6,590	3,320	3,270	55,370	28,300	27,070
External migrants	22,990	11,170	11,815	238,250	119,295	118,960

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 35 referrer

Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 36 referrer

Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 37 referrer

Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 38 referrer

Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Montérégie [Economic region], Quebec and Quebec [Province] (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed April 28, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Montérégie [Economic region], Quebec and Quebec [Province]

Census Profile, 2016 Census Montérégie [Economic region], Quebec and Quebec [Province]

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Montérégie [Economic region], Quebec and Quebec [Province]