Census Profile, 2016 Census
Ottawa [Economic region], Ontario and Canada [Country]

Feedback

Charts (using rates) Download Hierarchies

The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Ottawa Ontario [Economic region]			Canada [Country]
	Data quality , Ottawa [Economic region], Ontario Map : Ottawa [Economic region], Ontario Change geography 1			Data quality : Canada [Country] Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	1,306,249	...	...	35,151,728	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	1,244,909	...	...	33,476,688	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	4.9	...	...	5.0	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	564,144	...	...	15,412,443	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	528,303	...	...	14,072,079	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	89.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	14,523.17	...	...	8,965,588.85	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	1,306,250	636,060	670,185	35,151,730	17,264,200	17,887,530
0 to 14 years	212,825	108,335	104,490	5,839,565	2,992,920	2,846,645
0 to 4 years	66,855	33,960	32,895	1,898,790	973,030	925,760
5 to 9 years	73,325	37,365	35,960	2,018,130	1,034,685	983,445
10 to 14 years	72,650	37,010	35,635	1,922,645	985,200	937,445
15 to 64 years	870,635	426,940	443,690	23,376,530	11,576,130	11,800,400
15 to 19 years	77,855	39,645	38,210	2,026,160	1,039,215	986,940
20 to 24 years	88,135	44,735	43,400	2,242,690	1,144,495	1,098,200
25 to 29 years	82,255	40,915	41,340	2,285,990	1,144,470	1,141,515
30 to 34 years	80,635	39,395	41,240	2,329,395	1,148,290	1,181,110
35 to 39 years	78,700	37,620	41,080	2,288,365	1,118,635	1,169,730
40 to 44 years	84,245	40,225	44,025	2,255,135	1,104,440	1,150,695
45 to 49 years	90,310	43,900	46,415	2,359,965	1,157,760	1,202,210
50 to 54 years	104,995	51,625	53,370	2,678,075	1,318,755	1,359,320
55 to 59 years	98,890	48,080	50,805	2,620,240	1,285,190	1,335,055
60 to 64 years	84,610	40,800	43,805	2,290,510	1,114,885	1,175,630
65 years and over	222,790	100,785	122,005	5,935,630	2,695,150	3,240,485
65 to 69 years	74,925	36,000	38,925	1,972,480	953,075	1,019,405
70 to 74 years	53,270	25,350	27,925	1,420,875	677,975	742,900
75 to 79 years	38,050	17,540	20,510	1,021,850	469,550	552,300
80 to 84 years	27,315	11,930	15,390	749,650	325,765	423,880
85 years and over	29,230	9,970	19,260	770,780	268,790	501,990
85 to 89 years	17,590	6,670	10,925	482,525	185,535	296,990
90 to 94 years	8,925	2,720	6,205	223,510	68,675	154,835
95 to 99 years	2,390	545	1,845	56,525	13,240	43,280
100 years and over	325	35	290	8,230	1,340	6,890
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16.3	17.0	15.6	16.6	17.3	15.9
15 to 64 years	66.7	67.1	66.2	66.5	67.1	66.0
65 years and over	17.1	15.8	18.2	16.9	15.6	18.1
85 years and over	2.2	1.6	2.9	2.2	1.6	2.8
Average age of the population	41.3	40.3	42.1	41.0	40.1	41.9
Median age of the population	42.0	40.9	42.9	41.2	40.2	42.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	528,300	...	...	14,072,080	...	...
Single-detached house	272,360	...	...	7,541,495	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	70,860	...	...	1,391,040	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	182,795	...	...	4,949,795	...	...
Semi-detached house	28,680	...	...	698,800	...	...
Row house	84,710	...	...	891,305	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	11,760	...	...	784,300	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	56,555	...	...	2,539,390	...	...
Other single-attached house	1,085	...	...	36,005	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	2,295	...	...	189,755	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	528,305	...	...	14,072,080	...	...
1 person	146,030	...	...	3,969,790	...	...
2 persons	186,755	...	...	4,834,605	...	...
3 persons	80,655	...	...	2,140,640	...	...
4 persons	74,420	...	...	1,946,275	...	...
5 or more persons	40,440	...	...	1,180,770	...	...
Number of persons in private households	1,280,925	...	...	34,460,060	...	...
Average household size	2.4	...	...	2.4	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	1,093,420	527,725	565,695	29,312,160	14,271,280	15,040,885
Married or living common law	632,850	316,200	316,645	16,893,720	8,452,135	8,441,585
Married	523,310	261,195	262,115	13,383,455	6,693,465	6,689,990
Living common law	109,535	55,010	54,530	3,510,265	1,758,670	1,751,590
Not married and not living common law	460,575	211,525	249,050	12,418,440	5,819,140	6,599,300
Never married	305,850	161,735	144,115	8,254,340	4,444,425	3,809,915
Separated	30,515	12,830	17,690	718,295	309,905	408,400
Divorced	64,970	24,770	40,200	1,816,005	725,535	1,090,470
Widowed	59,245	12,195	47,045	1,629,800	339,280	1,290,525
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	367,185	...	...	9,840,730	...	...
2 persons	188,495	...	...	5,007,790	...	...
3 persons	76,545	...	...	2,107,830	...	...
4 persons	71,525	...	...	1,909,935	...	...
5 or more persons	30,615	...	...	815,170	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	367,190	...	...	9,840,730	...	...
Total couple families	309,715	...	...	8,227,925	...	...
Married couples	254,970	...	...	6,474,005	...	...
Common-law couples	54,740	...	...	1,753,920	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	57,470	...	...	1,612,805	...	...
Female parent	45,205	...	...	1,262,340	...	...
Male parent	12,265	...	...	350,465	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	309,715	...	...	8,227,925	...	...
Couples without children	154,190	...	...	4,024,305	...	...
Couples with children	155,525	...	...	4,203,615	...	...
1 child	59,985	...	...	1,650,165	...	...
2 children	66,800	...	...	1,783,080	...	...
3 or more children	28,740	...	...	770,375	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	57,470	...	...	1,612,805	...	...
1 child	34,305	...	...	983,485	...	...
2 children	16,560	...	...	457,670	...	...
3 or more children	6,600	...	...	171,655	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	223,895	104,115	119,775	6,107,260	2,941,395	3,165,865
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	528,305	...	...	14,072,075	...	...
One-census-family households	351,225	...	...	9,218,225	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	147,595	...	...	3,782,095	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	203,625	...	...	5,436,135	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	7,860	...	...	301,715	...	...
Non-census-family households	169,220	...	...	4,552,135	...	...
One-person households	146,030	...	...	3,969,790	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	23,185	...	...	582,350	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	1,290,265	629,570	660,695	34,767,255	17,101,170	17,666,080
English only	780,650	394,930	385,725	23,757,525	11,838,075	11,919,455
French only	24,230	10,370	13,860	4,144,685	1,925,845	2,218,840
English and French	471,105	218,615	252,490	6,216,065	3,071,325	3,144,740
Neither English nor French	14,285	5,660	8,625	648,970	265,920	383,045
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	1,290,260	629,565	660,695	34,767,250	17,101,165	17,666,085
English	1,029,820	508,530	521,290	26,007,500	12,852,330	13,155,165
French	223,430	104,590	118,845	7,705,755	3,780,105	3,925,650
English and French	23,115	10,975	12,145	417,485	209,130	208,355
Neither English nor French	13,900	5,470	8,425	636,515	259,600	376,910
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	234,985	110,075	124,910	7,914,495	3,884,670	4,029,825
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	18.2	17.5	18.9	22.8	22.7	22.8
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	1,290,265	629,570	660,695	34,767,255	17,101,170	17,666,085
Single responses	1,251,055	610,960	640,100	33,948,620	16,702,840	17,245,775
Official languages	1,036,580	509,710	526,870	26,627,555	13,201,620	13,425,940
English	825,155	410,215	414,935	19,460,850	9,680,125	9,780,725
French	211,425	99,490	111,935	7,166,705	3,521,495	3,645,215
Non-official languages	214,475	101,250	113,230	7,321,065	3,501,220	3,819,840
Aboriginal languages	1,185	475	705	195,700	94,795	100,900
Algonquian languages	315	135	180	130,450	62,930	67,520
Blackfoot	0	0	0	2,815	1,325	1,490
Cree-Montagnais languages	170	75	95	88,445	42,920	45,530
Atikamekw	0	0	0	6,150	3,135	3,015
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	5	10,230	4,885	5,350
Moose Cree	5	0	0	100	50	55
Naskapi	10	5	0	1,205	590	620
Northern East Cree	25	15	10	315	125	190
Plains Cree	10	5	5	3,065	1,360	1,710
Southern East Cree	0	0	5	45	20	25
Swampy Cree	30	15	20	1,440	585	850
Woods Cree	0	0	0	1,840	865	975
Cree, n.o.s.	80	35	45	64,050	31,305	32,745
Eastern Algonquian languages	25	10	10	6,990	3,310	3,680
Malecite	5	0	0	305	140	160
Mi'kmaq	20	5	15	6,690	3,170	3,520
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	120	45	75	32,150	15,350	16,800
Algonquin	25	10	20	1,260	590	670
Ojibway	85	35	55	17,890	8,440	9,450
Oji-Cree	5	0	0	12,855	6,260	6,595
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	5	0	150	65	85
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	45	25	20
Athabaskan languages	10	0	10	17,365	8,325	9,045
Northern Athabaskan languages	5	0	5	17,315	8,310	9,010
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	110	55	60
Beaver	0	0	0	190	85	105
Carrier	0	0	0	1,025	465	565
Chilcotin	0	0	0	660	295	360
Dene	10	0	5	10,700	5,185	5,515
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	1,645	840	815
Gwich'in	0	0	0	260	110	145
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	80	25	50
Sekani	0	0	0	90	45	45
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	1,995	950	1,045
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	765	365	400
South Slavey	0	0	0	945	455	495
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	280	130	150
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	270	135	140
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	180	90	90
Tahltan	0	0	0	95	40	50
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	290	120	170
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	215	90	135
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	70	30	40
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	50	20	35
Haida	0	0	0	75	35	40
Inuit languages	375	130	240	36,545	18,100	18,445
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	1,025	445	575
Inuktitut	340	120	220	35,215	17,530	17,680
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	315	125	185
Iroquoian languages	470	200	270	1,115	485	635
Cayuga	0	0	0	45	20	20
Mohawk	460	200	260	980	430	555
Oneida	0	0	0	55	20	40
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	35	15	20
Kutenai	0	0	0	105	55	55
Michif	5	5	0	465	230	235
Salish languages	0	0	0	2,305	1,130	1,180
Comox	0	0	0	80	45	40
Halkomelem	0	0	0	475	225	245
Lillooet	0	0	0	315	155	155
Okanagan	0	0	0	270	135	135
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	445	225	220
Squamish	0	0	0	40	20	20
Straits	0	0	0	80	40	40
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	335	150	185
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	255	135	125
Siouan languages	0	0	0	4,285	2,070	2,220
Dakota	0	0	0	1,215	570	635
Stoney	0	0	0	3,025	1,465	1,555
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	55	30	25
Tlingit	0	0	0	95	40	55
Tsimshian languages	5	0	0	1,480	730	755
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	880	435	445
Nisga'a	0	0	0	400	200	200
Tsimshian	0	0	0	200	90	110
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	805	370	435
Haisla	0	0	0	90	40	50
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	95	40	55
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	325	145	185
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	285	135	140
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	15	10	5	585	295	295
Non-Aboriginal languages	213,300	100,770	112,525	7,125,365	3,406,425	3,718,945
Afro-Asiatic languages	44,975	22,550	22,425	575,365	298,060	277,300
Berber languages	380	200	180	22,135	11,865	10,270
Kabyle	250	130	120	13,150	6,995	6,155
Berber languages, n.i.e.	125	65	60	8,985	4,865	4,115
Cushitic languages	6,660	2,875	3,785	42,885	20,095	22,790
Bilen	45	30	25	805	455	350
Oromo	220	125	95	4,960	2,560	2,400
Somali	6,305	2,685	3,620	36,755	16,895	19,865
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	90	45	50	365	195	170
Semitic languages	37,880	19,445	18,435	509,190	265,465	243,725
Amharic	1,465	690	775	22,465	10,720	11,745
Arabic	34,870	17,995	16,875	419,890	220,785	199,105
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	75	30	40	16,070	7,910	8,160
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	10	5	5	5,545	2,780	2,770
Harari	60	30	30	1,320	635	685
Hebrew	370	195	170	19,530	10,480	9,045
Maltese	45	20	25	5,565	2,765	2,800
Tigrigna	910	440	470	16,650	8,310	8,340
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	75	40	35	2,155	1,085	1,070
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	55	30	25	1,155	635	520
Austro-Asiatic languages	7,230	3,315	3,915	176,725	81,810	94,920
Khmer (Cambodian)	1,110	490	620	20,130	9,270	10,860
Vietnamese	6,110	2,820	3,285	156,425	72,470	83,955
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	5	5	5	170	65	100
Austronesian languages	8,180	2,925	5,255	511,480	211,580	299,900
Bikol	30	10	25	1,790	790	1,000
Cebuano	395	125	270	19,890	7,930	11,960
Fijian	5	0	0	745	400	345
Hiligaynon	115	35	75	6,885	2,680	4,205
Ilocano	585	230	355	26,345	10,620	15,720
Malagasy	60	30	30	1,430	665	760
Malay	420	170	250	12,275	5,255	7,020
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	25	10	15	4,040	1,865	2,175
Pangasinan	35	15	20	1,390	590	800
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	6,345	2,240	4,105	431,380	178,575	252,810
Waray-Waray	45	15	30	1,110	430	675
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	130	45	85	4,195	1,770	2,425
Creole languages	4,285	1,795	2,490	72,125	32,310	39,820
Haitian Creole	300	135	170	3,030	1,445	1,590
Creole, n.o.s.	3,800	1,575	2,220	64,105	28,455	35,660
Creole languages, n.i.e.	185	85	95	4,985	2,410	2,575
Dravidian languages	4,305	2,225	2,080	189,405	94,765	94,640
Kannada	225	120	110	3,970	2,040	1,935
Malayalam	690	360	325	28,570	14,770	13,800
Tamil	2,880	1,470	1,410	140,720	69,080	71,640
Telugu	495	270	225	15,655	8,640	7,020
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	490	240	250
Hmong-Mien languages	5	0	0	795	395	405
Indo-European languages	97,310	46,485	50,825	3,877,330	1,889,400	1,987,930
Albanian	665	330	335	26,890	13,610	13,285
Armenian	505	260	245	33,455	16,270	17,185
Balto-Slavic languages	21,810	9,780	12,035	701,975	323,640	378,340
Baltic languages	535	225	310	12,530	5,315	7,215
Latvian	295	130	165	5,455	2,350	3,105
Lithuanian	240	95	145	7,075	2,965	4,115
Slavic languages	21,280	9,555	11,720	689,450	318,325	371,115
Belarusan	40	20	20	810	385	430
Bosnian	615	280	335	12,210	6,035	6,180
Bulgarian	875	410	465	20,025	9,675	10,345
Croatian	1,075	495	575	48,200	23,540	24,665
Czech	1,070	490	585	22,290	10,525	11,765
Macedonian	65	30	40	16,775	8,050	8,725
Polish	6,075	2,735	3,345	181,710	82,435	99,275
Russian	6,390	2,780	3,605	188,255	85,400	102,855
Serbian	1,800	860	935	57,350	28,535	28,815
Serbo-Croatian	525	255	270	9,555	4,565	4,985
Slovak	630	285	345	17,580	8,075	9,510
Slovene (Slovenian)	240	95	140	9,790	4,415	5,370
Ukrainian	1,835	795	1,035	102,485	45,440	57,040
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	45	25	15	2,415	1,255	1,165
Celtic languages	145	65	80	2,690	1,335	1,360
Scottish Gaelic	55	30	25	1,090	540	550
Welsh	65	25	40	1,075	495	575
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	530	295	235
Germanic languages	13,500	6,330	7,165	538,765	258,410	280,350
Afrikaans	190	90	100	10,265	5,115	5,145
Danish	400	190	210	12,630	6,245	6,390
Dutch	4,145	2,010	2,130	99,020	48,200	50,820
Frisian	120	65	55	2,100	1,095	1,005
German	7,820	3,575	4,245	384,035	183,215	200,820
Icelandic	25	15	15	1,285	600	685
Norwegian	160	60	95	4,615	2,170	2,445
Swedish	310	155	155	6,840	3,015	3,825
Vlaams (Flemish)	120	55	65	3,895	1,730	2,165
Yiddish	190	105	80	13,555	6,750	6,800
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	525	280	240
Greek	2,540	1,350	1,195	106,525	53,350	53,170
Indo-Iranian languages	28,465	14,365	14,100	1,312,750	664,120	648,630
Indo-Aryan languages	19,615	9,910	9,705	1,064,760	538,530	526,235
Bengali	3,380	1,685	1,695	73,125	37,410	35,720
Gujarati	1,615	845	770	108,780	55,105	53,670
Hindi	2,940	1,505	1,440	110,640	55,880	54,765
Kashmiri	25	10	10	565	300	265
Konkani	110	55	50	3,330	1,625	1,710
Marathi	300	150	145	8,295	4,300	3,995
Nepali	935	445	490	18,275	9,230	9,045
Oriya (Odia)	40	25	15	1,055	560	495
Punjabi (Panjabi)	4,105	2,105	2,000	501,680	253,515	248,160
Sindhi	285	130	150	11,860	5,605	6,260
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	840	405	435	16,335	8,050	8,285
Urdu	5,040	2,550	2,495	210,815	106,960	103,860
Iranian languages	8,745	4,395	4,355	242,805	122,835	119,970
Kurdish	660	345	315	11,705	6,345	5,355
Pashto	1,090	550	540	16,910	8,760	8,145
Persian (Farsi)	6,990	3,500	3,495	214,200	107,725	106,470
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	100	60	45	5,180	2,755	2,425
Italic (Romance) languages	29,675	14,005	15,670	1,154,270	558,660	595,615
Catalan	30	15	15	865	440	425
Italian	9,725	4,860	4,865	375,635	184,415	191,220
Portuguese	4,490	2,105	2,390	221,540	106,630	114,910
Romanian	2,690	1,230	1,460	96,665	46,195	50,470
Spanish	12,710	5,780	6,925	458,850	220,605	238,245
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	720	380	340
Japanese	1,055	320	735	43,640	14,790	28,855
Kartvelian languages	35	10	20	1,715	910	805
Georgian	35	10	25	1,715	910	805
Korean	2,170	915	1,250	153,425	70,310	83,115
Mongolic languages	30	15	15	1,575	690	885
Mongolian	30	15	15	1,575	690	880
Niger-Congo languages	5,490	2,420	3,070	91,375	45,075	46,305
Akan (Twi)	365	180	185	13,455	6,490	6,970
Bamanankan	80	30	45	1,535	815	720
Edo	35	15	20	1,670	770	900
Ewe	75	25	50	1,760	950	805
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	105	45	55	2,825	1,495	1,335
Ga	60	35	30	920	445	470
Ganda	125	60	65	1,295	625	665
Igbo	195	95	90	4,235	2,265	1,970
Lingala	340	125	210	3,810	1,785	2,025
Rundi (Kirundi)	850	365	485	5,845	2,785	3,060
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	655	235	420	5,250	2,355	2,895
Shona	115	45	70	3,180	1,520	1,665
Swahili	1,125	500	625	13,370	6,385	6,990
Wolof	80	40	45	3,990	2,170	1,820
Yoruba	245	130	115	9,085	4,785	4,300
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	1,055	495	555	19,135	9,435	9,695
Nilo-Saharan languages	305	140	170	5,870	3,025	2,845
Dinka	90	45	45	2,120	1,115	1,000
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	220	95	125	3,755	1,910	1,840
Sign languages	280	135	145	7,500	3,925	3,575
American Sign Language	95	35	55	2,685	1,320	1,360
Quebec Sign Language	15	10	5	695	340	355
Sign languages, n.i.e	165	90	80	4,120	2,265	1,860
Sino-Tibetan languages	32,610	15,125	17,485	1,269,215	589,570	679,645
Chinese languages	31,795	14,730	17,065	1,253,360	581,650	671,715
Cantonese	10,370	4,875	5,490	565,270	262,865	302,405
Hakka	165	65	95	10,910	4,900	6,015
Mandarin	18,895	8,700	10,195	592,040	274,630	317,410
Min Dong	50	25	25	1,230	580	650
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	740	320	420	31,795	14,450	17,350
Wu (Shanghainese)	450	205	245	12,915	5,780	7,140
Chinese, n.o.s.	1,110	525	585	38,580	18,165	20,410
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	610	275	335
Tibeto-Burman languages	815	395	420	15,850	7,925	7,935
Burmese	225	120	110	3,585	1,795	1,790
Karenic languages	325	155	165	4,705	2,355	2,350
Tibetan	95	50	45	6,165	3,080	3,080
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	170	75	95	1,400	695	705
Tai-Kadai languages	735	255	485	22,010	8,870	13,145
Lao	360	165	200	12,670	6,145	6,525
Thai	375	90	285	9,255	2,690	6,565
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	5	0	80	35	55
Turkic languages	1,705	870	835	40,140	21,120	19,025
Azerbaijani	125	70	55	3,260	1,785	1,470
Turkish	1,440	735	700	32,815	17,375	15,440
Uyghur	10	5	5	1,035	510	525
Uzbek	65	30	40	1,715	855	865
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	65	30	35	1,315	590	720
Uralic languages	2,440	1,185	1,260	81,985	37,790	44,195
Estonian	185	95	90	5,445	2,325	3,115
Finnish	365	155	210	15,295	6,395	8,900
Hungarian	1,885	935	950	61,235	29,060	32,175
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5
Other languages, n.i.e.	150	85	65	3,690	2,045	1,645
Multiple responses	39,205	18,610	20,595	818,635	398,325	420,305
English and French	16,445	7,785	8,660	165,320	80,460	84,860
English and non-official language	16,205	7,825	8,385	533,265	259,160	274,100
French and non-official language	4,000	1,825	2,175	86,150	42,170	43,985
English, French and non-official language	2,550	1,175	1,375	33,900	16,535	17,365
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	1,290,260	629,570	660,695	34,767,250	17,101,165	17,666,085
Single responses	1,226,575	599,570	627,000	33,103,860	16,298,475	16,805,395
Official languages	1,122,855	550,665	572,190	29,106,670	14,383,020	14,723,645
English	972,475	480,455	492,020	22,162,865	10,966,135	11,196,730
French	150,380	70,210	80,170	6,943,800	3,416,890	3,526,910
Non-official languages	103,715	48,910	54,810	3,997,195	1,915,450	2,081,750
Aboriginal languages	355	150	200	118,470	59,720	58,750
Algonquian languages	75	35	40	75,080	37,825	37,260
Blackfoot	0	0	0	1,115	555	555
Cree-Montagnais languages	55	25	35	55,825	28,135	27,685
Atikamekw	0	0	0	5,465	2,825	2,640
Montagnais (Innu)	5	0	5	8,590	4,195	4,395
Moose Cree	5	0	0	10	5	5
Naskapi	5	5	0	1,200	595	605
Northern East Cree	10	5	10	110	55	60
Plains Cree	0	0	0	1,350	665	685
Southern East Cree	5	0	0	20	5	15
Swampy Cree	5	0	5	330	140	190
Woods Cree	0	0	0	800	410	390
Cree, n.o.s.	30	15	15	37,945	19,240	18,710
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	3,615	1,795	1,820
Malecite	0	0	0	55	30	30
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	3,560	1,770	1,795
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	20	10	10	14,525	7,335	7,190
Algonquin	0	0	0	370	170	200
Ojibway	20	15	5	6,175	3,165	3,015
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	7,900	3,960	3,940
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	75	40	35
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	5
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	10,265	5,125	5,135
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	10,255	5,120	5,135
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	15	10	10
Beaver	0	0	0	50	30	20
Carrier	5	5	0	245	115	130
Chilcotin	0	0	0	255	125	130
Dene	0	0	0	7,710	3,805	3,905
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	1,020	550	475
Gwich'in	0	0	0	45	25	25
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	10	5	5
Sekani	0	0	0	15	10	5
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	820	425	395
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	340	180	155
South Slavey	0	0	0	370	190	185
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	105	55	55
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	25	15	15
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	25	10	10
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	5	5
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	30	15	15
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	25	15	10
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	10	0	5
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	5	5
Haida	0	0	0	10	5	0
Inuit languages	135	55	80	29,490	14,995	14,495
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	5	0	0	165	75	90
Inuktitut	115	50	75	29,230	14,885	14,345
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	90	40	55
Iroquoian languages	135	60	75	285	135	155
Cayuga	0	0	0	10	0	5
Mohawk	135	55	75	255	115	140
Oneida	0	0	0	15	5	10
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	5	0	5
Kutenai	0	0	0	15	10	5
Michif	0	0	0	85	40	45
Salish languages	0	0	0	285	130	150
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	45	20	25
Lillooet	0	0	0	25	15	10
Okanagan	0	0	0	85	35	45
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	55	30	20
Squamish	0	0	0	5	0	5
Straits	0	0	0	20	10	15
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	20	10	10
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	15	10
Siouan languages	0	0	0	2,225	1,085	1,140
Dakota	0	0	0	255	140	120
Stoney	0	0	0	1,950	940	1,010
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	10	15
Tlingit	0	0	0	5	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	410	210	190
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	315	155	155
Nisga'a	0	0	0	70	40	30
Tsimshian	0	0	0	25	15	15
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	75	45	35
Haisla	0	0	0	20	10	15
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	5	5	5
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	20	10	10
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	30	15	15
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	235	110	125
Non-Aboriginal languages	103,365	48,755	54,610	3,878,725	1,855,730	2,022,995
Afro-Asiatic languages	24,940	11,985	12,950	307,755	153,275	154,480
Berber languages	225	110	110	8,105	4,215	3,895
Kabyle	185	90	95	5,490	2,855	2,640
Berber languages, n.i.e.	40	20	20	2,620	1,365	1,260
Cushitic languages	3,855	1,580	2,275	27,095	12,455	14,640
Bilen	30	15	15	620	330	285
Oromo	130	70	60	3,410	1,700	1,710
Somali	3,645	1,475	2,165	22,895	10,340	12,555
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	55	20	30	185	85	95
Semitic languages	20,850	10,295	10,555	272,100	136,390	135,720
Amharic	850	400	450	12,780	6,010	6,770
Arabic	19,365	9,585	9,780	223,540	112,690	110,850
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	40	15	20	10,510	5,090	5,425
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	5	3,445	1,695	1,750
Harari	20	10	10	735	335	400
Hebrew	135	75	55	8,560	4,425	4,135
Maltese	5	0	0	1,130	525	605
Tigrigna	425	200	225	10,205	5,040	5,170
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	1,200	585	620
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	10	440	215	230
Austro-Asiatic languages	4,260	1,950	2,310	115,210	53,500	61,710
Khmer (Cambodian)	465	200	260	10,880	4,940	5,945
Vietnamese	3,790	1,750	2,045	104,245	48,525	55,725
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	5	0	5	85	40	45
Austronesian languages	3,425	1,430	1,995	239,785	108,110	131,680
Bikol	0	0	0	290	140	155
Cebuano	125	50	70	7,210	3,325	3,880
Fijian	0	0	0	195	105	90
Hiligaynon	45	15	25	2,205	970	1,240
Ilocano	230	110	120	9,125	4,045	5,080
Malagasy	20	10	5	435	220	210
Malay	125	50	70	3,620	1,710	1,910
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	1,200	565	630
Pangasinan	10	5	5	240	110	135
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	2,820	1,160	1,660	213,790	96,235	117,555
Waray-Waray	15	5	10	310	135	170
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	40	20	20	1,160	545	620
Creole languages	1,865	765	1,105	27,860	12,005	15,850
Haitian Creole	155	70	90	1,280	575	705
Creole, n.o.s.	1,645	665	980	24,575	10,510	14,060
Creole languages, n.i.e.	70	35	40	2,005	920	1,085
Dravidian languages	2,185	1,090	1,095	122,490	59,780	62,710
Kannada	80	40	35	1,630	825	800
Malayalam	290	150	140	15,440	7,865	7,575
Tamil	1,610	790	825	96,955	46,570	50,385
Telugu	195	105	90	8,280	4,430	3,850
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	190	85	105
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	340	160	180
Indo-European languages	39,895	18,945	20,950	1,911,215	927,225	983,985
Albanian	305	145	160	13,135	6,575	6,560
Armenian	220	105	120	21,505	10,165	11,345
Balto-Slavic languages	9,285	4,370	4,915	314,965	149,315	165,650
Baltic languages	115	50	65	3,275	1,400	1,870
Latvian	65	25	40	1,255	530	725
Lithuanian	50	25	25	2,020	870	1,150
Slavic languages	9,165	4,320	4,845	311,690	147,910	163,780
Belarusan	20	10	10	230	105	120
Bosnian	315	155	155	6,045	3,010	3,040
Bulgarian	420	200	220	11,985	5,835	6,150
Croatian	335	155	185	16,775	7,980	8,795
Czech	260	130	135	6,235	3,060	3,180
Macedonian	15	5	5	6,830	3,250	3,580
Polish	2,110	975	1,135	74,780	34,910	39,870
Russian	3,710	1,735	1,980	116,595	55,175	61,425
Serbian	1,040	520	525	31,750	15,665	16,085
Serbo-Croatian	200	105	100	3,885	1,865	2,020
Slovak	200	95	110	5,615	2,685	2,920
Slovene (Slovenian)	20	10	10	2,050	905	1,145
Ukrainian	520	240	280	28,250	13,150	15,100
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	670	310	360
Celtic languages	10	10	5	360	205	155
Scottish Gaelic	5	5	5	185	105	80
Welsh	0	0	0	95	50	45
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	80	50	30
Germanic languages	1,600	770	835	146,455	71,835	74,615
Afrikaans	55	25	30	4,790	2,355	2,435
Danish	30	10	15	855	410	445
Dutch	285	140	150	9,565	4,630	4,935
Frisian	5	5	0	185	95	90
German	1,135	535	600	120,335	58,905	61,435
Icelandic	0	0	0	270	120	150
Norwegian	15	5	10	345	145	200
Swedish	55	35	15	1,045	500	545
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	5	5	355	170	185
Yiddish	15	5	10	7,080	3,695	3,385
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,625	820	810
Greek	770	360	405	44,545	21,110	23,440
Indo-Iranian languages	15,600	7,615	7,985	838,755	416,960	421,795
Indo-Aryan languages	10,380	5,135	5,250	676,185	337,440	338,745
Bengali	2,020	975	1,045	47,350	23,585	23,765
Gujarati	700	360	340	64,150	31,740	32,405
Hindi	1,310	660	655	55,510	27,805	27,710
Kashmiri	5	0	0	135	70	70
Konkani	35	15	20	720	355	370
Marathi	115	50	65	3,780	1,940	1,840
Nepali	735	360	375	13,375	6,710	6,670
Oriya (Odia)	10	5	5	470	235	240
Punjabi (Panjabi)	2,295	1,160	1,130	349,145	174,905	174,240
Sindhi	70	30	45	4,975	2,280	2,695
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	390	190	200	7,790	3,860	3,925
Urdu	2,690	1,325	1,370	128,785	63,965	64,820
Iranian languages	5,195	2,465	2,725	160,195	78,310	81,880
Kurdish	375	195	180	6,580	3,400	3,175
Pashto	695	330	360	10,590	5,305	5,290
Persian (Farsi)	4,125	1,940	2,185	143,020	69,600	73,425
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	2,375	1,215	1,160
Italic (Romance) languages	12,110	5,575	6,535	531,485	251,050	280,440
Catalan	20	5	10	355	165	190
Italian	2,590	1,160	1,435	115,415	49,975	65,440
Portuguese	1,895	885	1,005	98,710	46,915	51,795
Romanian	1,245	580	660	53,320	25,795	27,525
Spanish	6,355	2,935	3,415	263,510	128,110	135,400
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	180	85	95
Japanese	405	140	265	19,785	8,265	11,515
Kartvelian languages	10	0	5	1,040	565	475
Georgian	5	5	0	1,035	565	475
Korean	1,205	555	650	109,705	51,385	58,320
Mongolic languages	15	10	5	910	440	470
Mongolian	15	10	5	910	435	470
Niger-Congo languages	1,485	665	825	28,665	13,340	15,320
Akan (Twi)	125	60	65	5,990	2,695	3,295
Bamanankan	15	5	10	340	180	160
Edo	0	0	0	415	175	240
Ewe	20	10	10	410	185	225
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	25	10	10	825	400	425
Ga	15	5	5	250	105	140
Ganda	30	10	15	345	160	185
Igbo	55	25	25	1,000	485	510
Lingala	70	25	45	1,045	455	590
Rundi (Kirundi)	265	130	135	2,110	990	1,115
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	230	80	150	1,530	670	865
Shona	25	10	5	1,035	475	560
Swahili	385	175	205	5,370	2,500	2,870
Wolof	35	15	20	1,380	745	635
Yoruba	50	25	25	2,615	1,275	1,340
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	150	65	80	4,010	1,850	2,160
Nilo-Saharan languages	80	35	45	2,650	1,305	1,350
Dinka	30	15	10	1,130	580	550
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	55	20	35	1,525	730	800
Sign languages	415	210	200	10,445	5,870	4,570
American Sign Language	125	60	70	3,015	1,560	1,460
Quebec Sign Language	20	10	15	730	375	355
Sign languages, n.i.e	265	140	125	6,690	3,935	2,755
Sino-Tibetan languages	21,420	10,140	11,280	924,720	433,530	491,190
Chinese languages	20,840	9,865	10,975	913,365	427,860	485,505
Cantonese	5,955	2,750	3,210	400,215	184,340	215,885
Hakka	55	15	35	4,080	1,820	2,265
Mandarin	13,645	6,530	7,120	462,890	220,075	242,815
Min Dong	10	5	5	345	150	195
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	290	120	170	13,965	6,345	7,625
Wu (Shanghainese)	250	120	135	7,650	3,580	4,075
Chinese, n.o.s.	635	330	305	23,935	11,440	12,500
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	280	130	150
Tibeto-Burman languages	580	275	305	11,350	5,670	5,680
Burmese	150	70	80	2,245	1,115	1,125
Karenic languages	250	120	125	3,865	1,935	1,930
Tibetan	70	35	30	4,590	2,305	2,280
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	110	45	60	655	305	345
Tai-Kadai languages	275	105	170	9,565	4,455	5,110
Lao	175	75	100	6,175	2,995	3,180
Thai	100	30	65	3,360	1,450	1,915
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	30	15	15
Turkic languages	880	430	450	22,250	11,205	11,045
Azerbaijani	55	25	25	1,245	640	610
Turkish	775	375	400	18,955	9,525	9,430
Uyghur	5	0	0	610	315	290
Uzbek	35	20	20	990	505	490
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	20	15	5	455	230	225
Uralic languages	570	265	305	23,245	10,715	12,535
Estonian	25	10	15	975	365	610
Finnish	40	15	20	2,790	1,220	1,565
Hungarian	510	240	270	19,485	9,125	10,355
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	35	20	15	1,110	605	500
Multiple responses	63,685	29,995	33,695	1,663,390	802,695	860,690
English and French	16,465	7,575	8,895	160,185	77,940	82,235
English and non-official language	38,890	18,730	20,165	1,284,975	620,375	664,600
French and non-official language	3,430	1,460	1,970	148,915	70,915	78,000
English, French and non-official language	4,890	2,230	2,660	69,315	33,465	35,850
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	1,290,260	629,570	660,695	34,767,255	17,101,165	17,666,080
None	1,022,345	504,475	517,870	29,615,245	14,612,175	15,003,065
English	104,095	49,350	54,745	2,109,340	1,045,215	1,064,120
French	81,615	37,515	44,100	731,095	342,245	388,855
Non-official language	72,705	33,895	38,810	2,151,690	1,023,940	1,127,750
Aboriginal	795	325	470	90,740	42,890	47,850
Non-Aboriginal	71,910	33,570	38,340	2,060,945	981,055	1,079,895
English and French	2,725	1,285	1,445	47,970	23,785	24,190
English and non-official language	2,590	1,215	1,375	61,075	30,045	31,030
French and non-official language	4,090	1,780	2,305	48,755	22,690	26,065
English, French and non-official language	90	50	45	2,080	1,075	1,010
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	1,068,405	517,455	550,945	28,642,980	13,990,620	14,652,355
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	1,024,135	496,175	527,955	27,488,530	13,444,335	14,044,190
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	39,244	45,394	34,252	34,204	40,782	28,860
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	1,024,515	496,225	528,290	27,499,185	13,449,010	14,050,175
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	35,031	39,940	30,991	30,866	35,933	26,621
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	925,315	455,660	469,655	24,583,315	12,296,595	12,286,725
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	38,735	45,342	32,838	32,762	39,925	26,613
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	719,730	321,760	397,970	19,743,240	8,755,815	10,987,430
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	4,758	3,006	5,640	5,453	4,199	6,136
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	755,435	383,520	371,910	20,428,685	10,547,760	9,880,925
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	38,202	43,077	33,906	33,684	39,836	28,474
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	1,068,405	517,440	550,965	28,643,015	13,990,430	14,652,585
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	1,024,165	496,050	528,120	27,489,395	13,441,555	14,047,845
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	51,139	58,668	44,067	47,487	56,740	38,632
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	1,024,570	496,070	528,495	27,500,230	13,446,230	14,053,995
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	42,043	47,391	37,023	38,977	45,404	32,828
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	925,445	455,415	470,030	24,584,065	12,295,015	12,289,055
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	50,843	59,061	42,880	46,885	56,803	36,962
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	719,720	321,675	398,045	19,742,130	8,752,070	10,990,060
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,395	6,853	7,833	7,738	7,345	8,050
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	755,430	382,920	372,515	20,428,670	10,542,540	9,886,130
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	49,503	56,094	42,728	46,057	54,369	37,193
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	1,068,405	517,440	550,965	28,643,015	13,990,430	14,652,585
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	384,140	209,230	174,910	9,367,045	5,231,015	4,136,035
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	61,057	65,412	56,694	53,431	59,326	47,420
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	70,327	76,585	62,842	65,997	74,289	55,510
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	89.8	92.4	86.6	88.3	91.6	83.7
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	71.3	73.5	68.4	72.0	75.2	67.7
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	10.2	7.6	13.4	11.7	8.4	16.3
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	1,068,405	517,455	550,945	28,642,980	13,990,620	14,652,360
Without total income	44,270	21,280	22,995	1,154,450	546,285	608,165
With total income	1,024,135	496,180	527,955	27,488,530	13,444,335	14,044,195
Percentage with total income	95.9	95.9	95.8	96.0	96.1	95.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	134,680	60,355	74,330	3,877,620	1,668,960	2,208,655
$10,000 to $19,999	160,620	65,870	94,755	4,680,380	1,867,600	2,812,785
$20,000 to $29,999	121,075	51,245	69,825	3,807,840	1,593,335	2,214,505
$30,000 to $39,999	103,340	45,915	57,425	3,206,175	1,472,670	1,733,510
$40,000 to $49,999	96,360	44,460	51,900	2,827,045	1,376,565	1,450,480
$50,000 to $59,999	83,580	40,625	42,955	2,179,775	1,145,685	1,034,090
$60,000 to $69,999	71,180	36,680	34,500	1,655,070	938,755	716,310
$70,000 to $79,999	55,860	30,370	25,490	1,271,850	745,830	526,015
$80,000 to $89,999	46,960	25,965	20,995	966,885	579,290	387,590
$90,000 to $99,999	40,795	22,020	18,775	749,290	452,240	297,050
$100,000 and over	109,680	72,670	37,005	2,266,600	1,603,400	663,195
$100,000 to $149,999	78,485	50,025	28,460	1,493,570	1,024,210	469,365
$150,000 and over	31,190	22,650	8,545	773,025	579,190	193,830
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	1,068,405	517,460	550,950	28,642,980	13,990,620	14,652,360
Without after-tax income	43,890	21,235	22,655	1,143,795	541,620	602,175
With after-tax income	1,024,515	496,225	528,290	27,499,185	13,449,010	14,050,175
Percentage with after-tax income	95.9	95.9	95.9	96.0	96.1	95.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	140,715	61,590	79,125	4,004,475	1,706,825	2,297,645
$10,000 to $19,999	167,310	69,085	98,225	4,905,055	1,972,920	2,932,130
$20,000 to $29,999	140,305	60,365	79,940	4,489,925	1,926,175	2,563,755
$30,000 to $39,999	126,395	57,435	68,960	3,924,960	1,870,705	2,054,250
$40,000 to $49,999	114,985	54,740	60,245	3,144,200	1,619,670	1,524,525
$50,000 to $59,999	94,245	48,400	45,845	2,209,280	1,245,570	963,705
$60,000 to $69,999	71,435	39,420	32,015	1,540,300	912,230	628,065
$70,000 to $79,999	57,830	31,845	25,985	1,076,180	654,570	421,610
$80,000 and over	111,300	73,345	37,950	2,204,820	1,540,335	664,485
$80,000 to $89,999	39,825	23,780	16,050	688,705	444,550	244,145
$90,000 to $99,999	22,995	15,105	7,885	420,975	291,090	129,885
$100,000 and over	48,475	34,465	14,010	1,095,140	804,690	290,445
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	1,068,405	517,455	550,950	28,642,980	13,990,625	14,652,360
Without employment income	312,970	133,935	179,035	8,214,295	3,442,860	4,771,430
With employment income	755,430	383,520	371,910	20,428,690	10,547,760	9,880,925
Percentage with employment income	70.7	74.1	67.5	71.3	75.4	67.4
Under $5,000 (including loss)	98,645	48,695	49,950	2,778,990	1,357,430	1,421,560
$5,000 to $9,999	57,170	25,615	31,560	1,602,140	697,025	905,120
$10,000 to $19,999	92,395	41,745	50,655	2,736,010	1,212,855	1,523,155
$20,000 to $29,999	73,645	34,000	39,645	2,293,785	1,022,090	1,271,695
$30,000 to $39,999	67,775	32,060	35,715	2,149,860	1,001,065	1,148,795
$40,000 to $49,999	64,035	30,445	33,590	1,928,565	946,625	981,940
$50,000 to $59,999	58,025	28,210	29,820	1,554,100	839,045	715,055
$60,000 to $69,999	49,640	25,515	24,130	1,220,310	708,270	512,040
$70,000 to $79,999	39,445	21,460	17,985	992,170	591,945	400,225
$80,000 and over	154,650	95,785	58,860	3,172,770	2,171,415	1,001,355
$80,000 to $89,999	37,405	20,250	17,150	773,755	475,700	298,055
$90,000 to $99,999	33,595	18,115	15,485	623,980	382,330	241,650
$100,000 and over	83,650	57,420	26,230	1,775,030	1,313,385	461,645
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	528,305	...	...	14,072,080	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	80,301	...	...	70,336	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	69,423	...	...	61,348	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	146,030	...	...	3,969,790	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	42,318	...	...	35,174	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	37,295	...	...	31,446	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	382,270	...	...	10,102,290	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	99,098	...	...	88,249	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	85,240	...	...	76,419	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	528,305	...	...	14,072,075	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	99,137	...	...	92,764	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	81,536	...	...	76,171	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	146,050	...	...	3,967,765	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	52,335	...	...	46,799	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	43,038	...	...	38,685	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	382,250	...	...	10,104,315	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	117,020	...	...	110,813	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	96,246	...	...	90,890	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	528,305	...	...	14,072,075	...	...
Under $5,000	7,725	...	...	228,790	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	6,650	...	...	200,315	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	13,535	...	...	374,575	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	17,925	...	...	565,940	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	17,370	...	...	602,800	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	17,225	...	...	538,710	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	18,305	...	...	603,480	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	18,665	...	...	606,600	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	18,980	...	...	596,110	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	18,710	...	...	578,325	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	37,200	...	...	1,097,345	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	36,680	...	...	1,010,415	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	34,135	...	...	924,320	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	32,565	...	...	836,765	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	30,320	...	...	745,655	...	...
$100,000 and over	202,320	...	...	4,561,920	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	60,890	...	...	1,470,255	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	43,895	...	...	1,016,245	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	53,260	...	...	1,116,140	...	...
$200,000 and over	44,275	...	...	959,285	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	528,300	...	...	14,072,075	...	...
Under $5,000	8,230	...	...	243,780	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	6,775	...	...	203,865	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	13,735	...	...	380,680	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	18,655	...	...	591,660	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	19,420	...	...	673,740	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	19,415	...	...	628,225	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	21,545	...	...	719,825	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	22,745	...	...	725,675	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	23,405	...	...	711,180	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	23,335	...	...	691,695	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	46,250	...	...	1,299,680	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	43,115	...	...	1,169,515	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	40,780	...	...	1,041,635	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	36,705	...	...	900,055	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	31,330	...	...	757,295	...	...
$100,000 and over	152,875	...	...	3,333,575	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	59,070	...	...	1,371,945	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	38,795	...	...	809,540	...	...
$150,000 and over	55,005	...	...	1,152,090	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	364,840	...	...	9,688,845	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	100,314	...	...	88,306	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	86,047	...	...	76,372	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	144,295	...	...	3,706,220	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	92,074	...	...	78,976	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	79,193	...	...	68,309	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	156,455	...	...	4,222,140	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	128,890	...	...	113,465	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	108,934	...	...	96,608	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	53,925	...	...	1,481,410	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	57,994	...	...	53,193	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	53,035	...	...	48,856	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	364,860	...	...	9,689,855	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	118,406	...	...	111,235	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	97,149	...	...	91,040	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	144,365	...	...	3,706,400	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	109,150	...	...	101,086	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	89,098	...	...	82,296	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	156,355	...	...	4,225,855	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	145,594	...	...	137,094	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	118,531	...	...	111,307	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	53,865	...	...	1,477,190	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	68,415	...	...	65,549	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	59,337	...	...	56,687	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	197,805	93,510	104,295	5,313,545	2,608,845	2,704,705
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	35,958	35,546	36,290	31,890	34,483	29,801
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	32,419	31,894	32,836	28,959	30,746	27,495
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	197,190	92,925	104,265	5,299,050	2,596,985	2,702,070
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	46,520	47,036	46,061	42,939	46,085	39,915
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	38,697	38,751	38,649	35,801	37,724	33,952
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	1,280,925	625,630	655,295	34,460,065	16,971,550	17,488,515
In the bottom half of the distribution	533,790	254,825	278,960	17,229,835	8,256,970	8,972,865
In the bottom decile	118,940	58,140	60,800	3,445,950	1,672,900	1,773,050
In the second decile	107,085	49,195	57,890	3,445,660	1,564,965	1,880,700
In the third decile	98,505	46,820	51,680	3,446,165	1,641,930	1,804,235
In the fourth decile	100,120	48,015	52,110	3,445,850	1,677,120	1,768,730
In the fifth decile	109,140	52,650	56,490	3,446,210	1,700,060	1,746,150
In the top half of the distribution	747,130	370,805	376,330	17,230,230	8,714,580	8,515,650
In the sixth decile	119,780	58,225	61,560	3,445,695	1,716,510	1,729,185
In the seventh decile	132,115	64,815	67,305	3,446,470	1,730,975	1,715,500
In the eighth decile	149,505	74,150	75,355	3,445,940	1,741,640	1,704,300
In the ninth decile	174,810	87,145	87,665	3,446,045	1,751,850	1,694,195
In the top decile	170,925	86,470	84,450	3,446,080	1,773,600	1,672,475
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	1,279,500	624,970	654,530	33,968,295	16,724,265	17,244,035
0 to 17 years	256,865	130,880	125,985	6,836,380	3,504,250	3,332,125
0 to 5 years	80,745	41,140	39,605	2,228,770	1,142,505	1,086,270
18 to 64 years	817,780	398,835	418,945	21,695,090	10,690,090	11,005,005
65 years and over	204,855	95,255	109,600	5,436,830	2,529,930	2,906,905
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	165,325	77,805	87,515	4,809,940	2,243,200	2,566,740
0 to 17 years	42,300	21,870	20,430	1,163,830	597,570	566,255
0 to 5 years	14,410	7,530	6,885	396,095	203,055	193,030
18 to 64 years	101,295	47,460	53,830	2,855,290	1,341,590	1,513,700
65 years and over	21,735	8,480	13,255	790,825	304,040	486,780
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	12.9	12.4	13.4	14.2	13.4	14.9
0 to 17 years (%)	16.5	16.7	16.2	17.0	17.1	17.0
0 to 5 years (%)	17.8	18.3	17.4	17.8	17.8	17.8
18 to 64 years (%)	12.4	11.9	12.8	13.2	12.5	13.8
65 years and over (%)	10.6	8.9	12.1	14.5	12.0	16.7
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	116,760	57,030	59,735	3,128,995	1,519,370	1,609,630
0 to 17 years	26,470	13,630	12,835	696,025	357,255	338,770
0 to 5 years	9,130	4,770	4,360	236,435	121,170	115,260
18 to 64 years	81,100	39,865	41,235	2,157,745	1,057,585	1,100,160
65 years and over	9,195	3,530	5,665	275,225	104,525	170,695
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	9.1	9.1	9.1	9.2	9.1	9.3
0 to 17 years (%)	10.3	10.4	10.2	10.2	10.2	10.2
0 to 5 years (%)	11.3	11.6	11.0	10.6	10.6	10.6
18 to 64 years (%)	9.9	10.0	9.8	9.9	9.9	10.0
65 years and over (%)	4.5	3.7	5.2	5.1	4.1	5.9
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	1,280,925	625,630	655,295	34,460,065	16,971,575	17,488,485
Official languages	1,266,705	620,015	646,685	33,818,210	16,709,290	17,108,920
English	1,243,200	610,095	633,100	29,748,265	14,806,270	14,941,995
French	492,145	226,905	265,230	10,242,945	4,952,455	5,290,495
Non-official languages	297,100	139,165	157,940	9,369,280	4,488,185	4,881,090
Aboriginal languages	2,055	825	1,230	263,845	127,550	136,295
Algonquian languages	575	235	340	177,570	85,505	92,065
Blackfoot	0	0	0	5,645	2,695	2,950
Cree-Montagnais languages	220	85	135	116,585	56,515	60,070
Atikamekw	0	0	0	6,640	3,335	3,305
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	11,440	5,500	5,945
Moose Cree	0	0	0	195	80	115
Naskapi	20	10	10	1,465	710	755
Northern East Cree	30	10	10	545	225	320
Plains Cree	10	0	10	5,905	2,705	3,200
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	40	30	10
Swampy Cree	55	20	35	2,345	995	1,350
Woods Cree	20	10	15	2,665	1,230	1,435
Cree, n.o.s.	90	35	55	86,115	42,080	44,035
Eastern Algonquian languages	50	30	20	9,765	4,710	5,050
Malecite	10	10	0	755	370	390
Mi'kmaq	40	25	20	9,025	4,350	4,670
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	305	115	185	46,685	22,100	24,585
Algonquin	70	35	35	2,480	1,165	1,315
Ojibway	215	80	135	28,585	13,365	15,220
Oji-Cree	15	10	10	15,610	7,575	8,030
Ottawa (Odawa)	10	0	0	205	105	105
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	120	60	60
Athabaskan languages	20	0	20	23,655	11,340	12,320
Northern Athabaskan languages	20	0	15	23,570	11,300	12,265
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	210	105	100
Beaver	0	0	0	340	180	165
Carrier	0	0	0	2,105	955	1,145
Chilcotin	10	0	10	1,150	535	610
Dene	15	0	10	13,060	6,270	6,790
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	2,375	1,210	1,165
Gwich'in	0	0	0	360	165	200
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	150	60	90
Sekani	0	0	0	185	85	100
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	2,815	1,340	1,475
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	1,010	475	530
South Slavey	0	0	0	1,365	660	710
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	680	320	360
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	630	340	285
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	365	205	170
Tahltan	0	0	0	270	140	130
Tutchone languages	10	0	0	420	160	260
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	285	115	170
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	145	50	95
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	85	35	50
Haida	0	0	0	465	205	260
Inuit languages	635	240	395	42,980	21,355	21,630
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	10	0	10	1,975	895	1,080
Inuktitut	580	225	355	40,620	20,280	20,340
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	50	15	35	470	225	240
Iroquoian languages	825	345	475	2,800	1,240	1,555
Cayuga	0	0	0	125	40	85
Mohawk	810	345	470	2,415	1,120	1,295
Oneida	0	0	0	180	60	125
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	115	45	75
Kutenai	0	0	0	175	95	80
Michif	0	0	0	1,210	585	625
Salish languages	0	0	10	5,750	2,730	3,015
Comox	0	0	0	185	75	110
Halkomelem	0	0	0	1,060	475	585
Lillooet	0	0	0	790	405	385
Okanagan	0	0	0	820	370	450
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	1,305	640	665
Squamish	0	0	0	285	125	155
Straits	0	0	0	360	160	200
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	450	220	235
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	565	295	270
Siouan languages	0	0	0	5,430	2,665	2,770
Dakota	0	0	0	1,760	870	890
Stoney	0	0	0	3,675	1,805	1,875
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	140	70	70
Tlingit	0	0	0	260	140	120
Tsimshian languages	0	0	10	2,730	1,350	1,380
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	1,305	645	660
Nisga'a	0	0	0	1,060	545	515
Tsimshian	0	0	0	410	180	235
Wakashan languages	0	10	0	1,490	680	805
Haisla	0	0	0	175	65	110
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	125	50	75
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	10	0	0	605	285	320
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	565	265	300
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	20	10
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	10	665	310	360
Non-Aboriginal languages	295,135	138,385	156,750	9,107,075	4,361,420	4,745,660
Afro-Asiatic languages	62,485	31,325	31,165	837,355	432,560	404,795
Berber languages	540	285	255	29,460	15,745	13,715
Kabyle	420	220	195	17,120	9,100	8,015
Berber languages, n.i.e.	120	60	60	12,505	6,735	5,775
Cushitic languages	9,300	4,165	5,140	57,125	26,870	30,250
Bilen	90	55	35	1,085	625	470
Oromo	380	170	205	6,245	3,070	3,175
Somali	8,770	3,900	4,875	49,665	23,070	26,590
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	135	55	85	480	220	265
Semitic languages	53,645	27,350	26,295	771,130	400,780	370,350
Amharic	1,995	940	1,055	33,670	16,675	16,995
Arabic	48,950	25,110	23,840	629,055	329,235	299,820
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	80	35	50	19,745	9,720	10,020
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	7,115	3,505	3,610
Harari	40	25	15	1,710	855	860
Hebrew	1,960	1,030	930	75,020	38,730	36,290
Maltese	80	30	50	7,625	3,760	3,870
Tigrigna	1,185	495	700	21,340	10,640	10,705
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	240	150	85	3,220	1,655	1,565
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	135	65	70	2,775	1,440	1,335
Austro-Asiatic languages	8,860	4,175	4,685	224,865	105,845	119,020
Khmer (Cambodian)	1,540	695	840	27,035	12,640	14,400
Vietnamese	7,365	3,505	3,865	198,895	93,735	105,155
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	190	70	120
Austronesian languages	10,720	3,925	6,795	656,200	273,075	383,125
Bikol	40	10	25	2,075	885	1,190
Cebuano	590	210	380	27,045	10,960	16,085
Fijian	10	0	10	1,660	955	705
Hiligaynon	170	55	115	7,925	3,200	4,720
Ilocano	745	305	440	34,530	13,805	20,730
Malagasy	105	55	50	2,335	1,120	1,220
Malay	645	285	365	22,470	10,370	12,100
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	65	20	45	5,425	2,445	2,980
Pangasinan	65	30	35	1,800	790	1,015
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	9,605	3,440	6,165	612,735	253,210	359,530
Waray-Waray	40	10	30	1,395	530	860
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	110	50	60	5,585	2,540	3,040
Creole languages	9,615	4,050	5,565	155,615	70,545	85,070
Haitian Creole	475	180	295	6,850	3,140	3,710
Creole, n.o.s.	8,535	3,595	4,940	133,045	59,890	73,160
Creole languages, n.i.e.	650	285	365	16,635	7,955	8,675
Dravidian languages	5,580	2,835	2,745	250,180	126,220	123,960
Kannada	480	235	240	8,245	4,180	4,065
Malayalam	850	390	460	37,810	19,410	18,400
Tamil	3,825	1,965	1,860	189,860	94,640	95,220
Telugu	795	420	370	23,160	12,770	10,390
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	30	20	10	790	385	405
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	870	435	435
Indo-European languages	145,855	68,520	77,330	5,158,010	2,506,455	2,651,555
Albanian	795	385	405	31,930	16,140	15,790
Armenian	695	365	330	41,295	19,980	21,315
Balto-Slavic languages	26,310	12,060	14,250	817,315	384,960	432,350
Baltic languages	625	270	355	14,675	6,470	8,205
Latvian	325	130	200	6,500	2,960	3,540
Lithuanian	305	145	155	8,185	3,510	4,675
Slavic languages	25,785	11,820	13,960	805,915	379,965	425,945
Belarusan	125	60	65	2,265	1,070	1,195
Bosnian	1,025	475	555	18,265	9,055	9,215
Bulgarian	1,065	490	575	22,425	10,920	11,505
Croatian	1,940	965	975	69,840	34,515	35,325
Czech	1,515	660	850	28,720	13,675	15,050
Macedonian	105	40	65	23,075	11,190	11,880
Polish	7,165	3,285	3,880	214,965	99,365	115,600
Russian	9,590	4,410	5,185	269,645	127,055	142,595
Serbian	2,165	1,055	1,110	73,775	37,040	36,740
Serbo-Croatian	570	295	275	11,275	5,525	5,750
Slovak	980	420	570	21,470	10,215	11,255
Slovene (Slovenian)	295	130	160	11,495	5,205	6,290
Ukrainian	2,510	1,065	1,445	132,115	58,820	73,300
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	60	20	40	3,000	1,590	1,405
Celtic languages	465	210	255	9,165	4,705	4,455
Scottish Gaelic	185	85	100	3,980	2,010	1,975
Welsh	110	35	65	1,690	830	860
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	180	90	90	3,590	1,915	1,680
Germanic languages	22,825	10,810	12,020	695,535	337,215	358,320
Afrikaans	485	245	235	23,410	11,795	11,610
Danish	530	240	285	15,745	7,320	8,425
Dutch	4,855	2,240	2,610	120,865	57,885	62,990
Frisian	165	75	90	2,910	1,515	1,395
German	15,940	7,615	8,330	502,730	245,745	256,985
Icelandic	55	25	30	1,780	830	945
Norwegian	395	155	240	8,120	3,860	4,260
Swedish	710	340	365	14,140	6,510	7,635
Vlaams (Flemish)	125	70	60	4,400	1,945	2,455
Yiddish	410	210	200	20,985	10,435	10,550
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	30	20	15	8,710	4,425	4,285
Greek	3,650	1,875	1,770	150,965	75,510	75,455
Indo-Iranian languages	37,370	18,925	18,445	1,658,220	840,850	817,365
Indo-Aryan languages	27,590	14,010	13,585	1,387,805	704,370	683,435
Bengali	4,490	2,310	2,185	91,220	46,935	44,285
Gujarati	2,480	1,325	1,155	149,045	74,765	74,285
Hindi	10,660	5,500	5,160	433,365	221,665	211,700
Kashmiri	10	10	0	905	490	420
Konkani	145	80	65	6,790	3,185	3,605
Marathi	580	320	265	15,570	8,200	7,365
Nepali	1,280	645	635	21,380	10,915	10,470
Oriya (Odia)	75	40	30	1,535	755	775
Punjabi (Panjabi)	6,690	3,465	3,225	668,240	341,450	326,790
Sindhi	520	230	290	20,260	9,310	10,945
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	1,105	500	600	27,825	13,970	13,855
Urdu	8,140	4,075	4,065	322,220	164,685	157,535
Iranian languages	10,330	5,220	5,110	281,715	142,030	139,680
Kurdish	755	400	355	15,290	8,290	7,000
Pashto	1,465	795	675	23,180	12,465	10,715
Persian (Farsi)	8,890	4,455	4,435	252,320	126,565	125,755
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	200	120	85	8,875	4,715	4,155
Italic (Romance) languages	59,585	26,685	32,905	1,897,630	898,530	999,100
Catalan	80	40	45	2,035	1,145	890
Italian	16,735	7,985	8,745	574,725	278,500	296,225
Portuguese	6,525	3,200	3,325	295,955	144,465	151,485
Romanian	2,985	1,405	1,580	115,050	55,275	59,770
Spanish	36,760	15,725	21,030	995,255	460,250	535,010
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	140	75	65	2,680	1,610	1,075
Japanese	2,705	1,290	1,410	83,090	36,760	46,335
Kartvelian languages	45	20	25	2,150	1,075	1,075
Georgian	45	15	30	2,150	1,080	1,070
Korean	2,705	1,160	1,545	172,755	80,170	92,590
Mongolic languages	40	25	20	2,090	960	1,130
Mongolian	40	20	20	2,090	960	1,130
Niger-Congo languages	10,840	4,810	6,035	177,215	88,135	89,080
Akan (Twi)	630	330	300	22,145	10,810	11,340
Bamanankan	160	75	85	3,190	1,660	1,530
Edo	95	40	60	3,220	1,510	1,705
Ewe	205	85	125	3,000	1,685	1,315
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	165	65	95	4,725	2,460	2,260
Ga	170	90	85	2,250	1,140	1,110
Ganda	220	75	145	2,495	1,175	1,320
Igbo	320	170	145	8,850	4,710	4,140
Lingala	1,775	740	1,030	17,010	7,865	9,145
Rundi (Kirundi)	1,600	655	945	8,590	4,075	4,515
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	975	360	615	7,860	3,600	4,260
Shona	175	60	115	5,425	2,530	2,905
Swahili	3,120	1,370	1,750	38,680	19,565	19,115
Wolof	210	115	95	8,240	4,455	3,785
Yoruba	770	405	365	22,420	11,475	10,940
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	2,380	1,095	1,285	40,760	20,375	20,385
Nilo-Saharan languages	320	140	185	7,015	3,520	3,495
Dinka	190	85	105	2,475	1,280	1,190
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	135	55	80	4,555	2,240	2,315
Sign languages	2,270	850	1,420	48,115	18,985	29,130
American Sign Language	1,115	370	745	21,930	7,780	14,155
Quebec Sign Language	190	55	140	4,665	1,665	3,005
Sign languages, n.i.e.	1,025	445	580	22,275	9,835	12,440
Sino-Tibetan languages	37,235	17,600	19,630	1,430,440	672,100	758,340
Chinese languages	36,350	17,180	19,170	1,413,110	663,465	749,640
Cantonese	12,955	6,160	6,790	699,125	325,840	373,285
Hakka	270	125	140	12,445	5,555	6,890
Mandarin	24,965	11,505	13,450	814,450	377,635	436,815
Min Dong	40	15	25	1,045	440	600
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	1,065	475	585	42,840	19,005	23,835
Wu (Shanghainese)	420	205	220	16,530	7,490	9,040
Chinese, n.o.s.	1,155	625	530	41,690	19,995	21,690
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	590	250	340
Tibeto-Burman languages	920	440	480	18,270	9,100	9,175
Burmese	305	145	160	4,995	2,490	2,500
Karenic languages	370	180	185	4,895	2,425	2,475
Tibetan	50	30	25	7,050	3,555	3,490
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	360	155	210	2,375	1,160	1,220
Tai-Kadai languages	1,090	435	655	30,400	13,210	17,195
Lao	480	210	270	17,235	8,240	8,990
Thai	690	255	435	15,390	5,875	9,520
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	115	50	65
Turkic languages	2,565	1,270	1,290	60,530	31,585	28,945
Azerbaijani	140	80	60	5,450	2,885	2,565
Turkish	2,205	1,105	1,100	50,775	26,605	24,165
Uyghur	40	25	10	1,385	685	700
Uzbek	75	20	60	2,465	1,230	1,235
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	150	70	85	1,870	905	965
Uralic languages	3,010	1,480	1,530	94,810	44,270	50,545
Estonian	260	125	135	6,070	2,750	3,315
Finnish	550	250	305	17,595	7,540	10,050
Hungarian	2,210	1,110	1,100	71,285	34,005	37,280
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	10	10
Other languages, n.i.e.	405	245	155	9,730	5,375	4,355
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	1,280,920	625,630	655,290	34,460,065	16,971,580	17,488,490
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	1,213,385	593,580	619,810	32,034,590	15,799,495	16,235,090
Canadian citizens aged under 18	247,125	125,995	121,135	6,652,795	3,412,785	3,240,010
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	966,260	467,590	498,675	25,381,795	12,386,710	12,995,080
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	67,535	32,050	35,485	2,425,480	1,172,085	1,253,400
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	1,280,925	625,630	655,295	34,460,065	16,971,575	17,488,485
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	1,026,140	505,660	520,480	26,412,610	13,124,325	13,288,290
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	238,975	111,800	127,175	7,540,830	3,586,495	3,954,330
Before 1981	66,695	31,970	34,730	1,941,510	927,795	1,013,715
1981 to 1990	32,395	15,440	16,950	915,555	439,245	476,310
1991 to 2000	52,150	23,635	28,510	1,486,655	696,720	789,940
2001 to 2010	56,430	25,885	30,545	1,985,035	940,570	1,044,465
2001 to 2005	26,690	12,195	14,490	928,935	439,890	489,050
2006 to 2010	29,740	13,690	16,050	1,056,095	500,680	555,415
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	31,305	14,865	16,440	1,212,075	582,175	629,895
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	15,805	8,170	7,635	506,625	260,755	245,870
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	238,975	111,805	127,175	7,540,830	3,586,500	3,954,335
Under 5 years	27,285	13,505	13,780	731,340	364,165	367,175
5 to 14 years	43,365	22,030	21,335	1,311,810	665,870	645,945
15 to 24 years	50,890	22,690	28,205	1,604,430	724,430	880,005
25 to 44 years	97,845	44,900	52,945	3,198,920	1,513,970	1,684,950
45 years and over	19,585	8,680	10,915	694,320	318,060	376,260
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	238,980	111,800	127,175	7,540,830	3,586,495	3,954,330
Americas	36,870	15,975	20,900	1,128,745	510,650	618,100
Brazil	1,015	455	560	29,320	13,235	16,080
Colombia	1,295	500	800	70,035	32,065	37,965
El Salvador	1,780	820	960	48,080	23,865	24,215
Guyana	1,520	710	810	87,685	38,940	48,745
Haiti	6,490	2,700	3,795	93,480	40,955	52,525
Jamaica	3,200	1,395	1,810	138,345	59,960	78,390
Mexico	1,405	575	830	80,585	37,530	43,055
Peru	845	380	465	29,615	12,950	16,665
Trinidad and Tobago	1,390	560	830	65,040	29,325	35,710
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	10,970	4,780	6,190	253,715	113,505	140,215
Other places of birth in Americas	6,955	3,105	3,850	232,850	108,325	124,530
Europe	68,875	33,035	35,845	2,088,410	1,015,145	1,073,260
Bosnia and Herzegovina	1,625	790	835	36,135	18,050	18,085
Croatia	870	425	445	40,045	20,005	20,035
France	2,620	1,185	1,440	105,565	55,395	50,170
Germany	5,450	2,465	2,990	145,845	69,525	76,320
Greece	1,175	625	555	62,715	31,580	31,135
Hungary	1,015	530	485	36,820	17,945	18,875
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	990	440	550	28,325	14,355	13,970
Italy	5,850	3,065	2,785	236,640	118,595	118,040
Netherlands	3,750	1,850	1,905	88,475	45,185	43,295
Poland	4,520	2,035	2,485	146,465	66,450	80,020
Portugal	2,130	1,080	1,045	139,450	68,150	71,300
Romania	2,530	1,205	1,330	90,305	42,795	47,510
Russian Federation	2,985	1,285	1,695	78,685	34,265	44,420
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	935	445	490	33,320	16,325	17,000
Ukraine	1,835	865	970	73,030	33,360	39,665
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	21,695	10,710	10,985	499,115	243,225	255,890
Other places of birth in Europe	8,895	4,040	4,855	247,470	119,945	127,530
Africa	31,240	14,385	16,850	637,485	322,510	314,970
Algeria	1,075	515	565	64,620	33,920	30,705
Egypt	3,535	1,850	1,680	64,615	34,125	30,495
Ethiopia	2,235	1,025	1,210	32,790	15,980	16,810
Kenya	1,105	565	535	27,150	12,810	14,340
Morocco	1,275	585	690	69,655	36,120	33,535
Nigeria	1,305	590	710	42,430	21,830	20,600
Somalia	3,895	1,495	2,405	27,230	12,070	15,160
South Africa, Republic of	975	525	450	44,660	22,205	22,460
Other places of birth in Africa	15,845	7,240	8,605	264,320	133,450	130,870
Asia	100,970	47,855	53,120	3,629,160	1,709,985	1,919,175
Afghanistan	2,435	1,235	1,200	51,955	26,030	25,930
Bangladesh	2,780	1,440	1,340	58,735	29,875	28,865
China^{Census data footnote 59}	17,905	7,735	10,165	649,260	290,800	358,460
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	3,095	1,565	1,530	208,940	98,020	110,915
India	11,020	5,530	5,495	668,565	334,030	334,540
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	4,485	2,245	2,240	154,425	77,970	76,455
Iraq	3,585	1,915	1,665	68,485	34,785	33,705
Japan	770	205	565	27,240	7,955	19,285
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	1,795	795	1,005	123,305	57,170	66,140
Lebanon	11,230	5,875	5,360	88,745	47,295	41,450
Pakistan	4,360	2,155	2,200	202,260	103,225	99,035
Philippines	9,380	3,470	5,915	588,305	247,095	341,210
Sri Lanka	2,640	1,265	1,380	131,995	64,825	67,170
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	3,215	1,645	1,575	52,960	26,595	26,365
Taiwan	870	370	495	63,770	28,170	35,605
Viet Nam	5,725	2,615	3,115	169,250	78,000	91,250
Other places of birth in Asia	15,670	7,800	7,870	320,965	158,150	162,815
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	1,015	555	460	57,030	28,210	28,825
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	31,305	14,870	16,440	1,212,075	582,180	629,895
Americas	4,390	2,010	2,375	152,595	72,870	79,720
Brazil	145	80	60	8,500	4,000	4,490
Colombia	190	80	110	15,300	6,885	8,415
Cuba	135	80	60	5,370	2,545	2,820
Haiti	1,325	560	760	19,985	9,160	10,830
Jamaica	115	70	50	12,495	6,680	5,820
Mexico	275	110	160	18,660	9,090	9,575
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	1,365	695	675	33,060	16,480	16,580
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	125	35	90	6,425	2,990	3,435
Other places of birth in Americas	710	300	410	32,790	15,040	17,750
Europe	2,795	1,375	1,420	140,030	70,995	69,035
France	325	175	145	24,150	13,000	11,150
Germany	185	90	95	6,300	3,255	3,045
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	70	45	25	5,660	3,540	2,120
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	40	15	20	5,900	2,735	3,165
Romania	120	60	60	7,610	3,330	4,280
Russian Federation	365	145	215	11,565	4,485	7,080
Ukraine	220	105	115	13,425	6,015	7,410
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	720	380	335	24,445	14,235	10,215
Other places of birth in Europe	755	350	405	40,970	20,405	20,570
Africa	6,265	2,815	3,450	162,800	81,545	81,245
Algeria	140	50	85	17,175	8,440	8,735
Cameroon	345	165	175	10,265	5,005	5,255
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	720	270	455	7,400	3,570	3,835
Côte d'Ivoire	170	55	115	6,240	3,030	3,210
Egypt	785	425	360	16,115	8,445	7,665
Eritrea	250	115	135	6,050	3,195	2,855
Ethiopia	335	115	215	7,510	3,625	3,890
Morocco	170	75	95	15,105	7,470	7,635
Nigeria	385	165	215	17,285	8,850	8,435
Somalia	355	155	205	5,335	2,600	2,730
South Africa, Republic of	115	55	65	5,765	2,935	2,830
Tunisia	100	40	60	6,700	3,475	3,230
Other places of birth in Africa	2,395	1,130	1,265	41,855	20,905	20,950
Asia	17,690	8,580	9,110	748,700	352,095	396,610
Afghanistan	535	270	260	9,240	4,530	4,710
Bangladesh	535	265	270	12,900	6,445	6,460
China^{Census data footnote 59}	2,650	1,115	1,535	129,020	57,745	71,270
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	85	45	35	4,975	2,090	2,880
India	2,025	1,110	920	147,190	75,145	72,045
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	795	380	420	42,070	20,580	21,490
Iraq	1,080	565	515	20,665	10,345	10,320
Israel	190	105	80	4,740	2,615	2,130
Japan	115	30	85	4,905	1,250	3,655
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	230	85	145	21,710	9,630	12,075
Lebanon	910	485	430	9,375	4,980	4,400
Nepal	290	165	125	7,505	3,780	3,715
Pakistan	660	360	300	41,480	20,530	20,945
Philippines	2,760	1,120	1,640	188,810	83,050	105,760
Saudi Arabia	365	205	155	5,465	2,820	2,640
Sri Lanka	240	105	135	11,495	5,190	6,305
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	1,895	1,020	875	29,945	15,245	14,700
Taiwan	45	30	20	4,310	1,685	2,625
Turkey	185	95	90	4,255	2,365	1,890
United Arab Emirates	340	210	130	6,135	3,220	2,910
Viet Nam	200	80	115	11,210	4,500	6,705
Other places of birth in Asia	1,570	745	825	31,320	14,345	16,970
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	170	90	70	7,955	4,670	3,280
Australia	145	90	60	4,965	2,950	2,010
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	20	0	15	2,990	1,720	1,270
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	1,280,920	625,630	655,290	34,460,060	16,971,575	17,488,485
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	265,840	125,760	140,080	8,219,555	3,936,045	4,283,505
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	229,190	114,790	114,405	6,100,725	3,053,075	3,047,650
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	785,890	385,080	400,805	20,139,790	9,982,460	10,157,330
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	175,665	81,505	94,155	5,703,615	2,709,530	2,994,085
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	80,850	40,235	40,610	2,994,130	1,496,240	1,497,885
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	33,605	20,670	12,935	1,220,755	755,370	465,380
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	47,245	19,565	27,680	1,773,380	740,870	1,032,510
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	51,860	20,490	31,370	1,782,490	728,085	1,054,400
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	40,840	19,920	20,920	858,845	453,675	405,175
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	2,120	860	1,255	68,145	31,530	36,615
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	1,280,920	625,630	655,295	34,460,065	16,971,575	17,488,485
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	36,625	17,215	19,405	1,673,785	813,520	860,265
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	34,910	16,470	18,440	1,629,805	792,970	836,835
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	19,195	9,020	10,175	977,235	471,510	505,725
Métis	14,315	6,830	7,490	587,545	289,435	298,115
Inuk (Inuit)	1,400	625	775	65,030	32,030	32,995
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	795	325	470	21,310	10,165	11,145
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	920	420	500	22,670	10,385	12,290
Non-Aboriginal identity	1,244,295	608,415	635,885	32,786,280	16,158,060	16,628,225
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	1,280,920	625,630	655,295	34,460,065	16,971,580	17,488,490
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	10,625	4,930	5,700	820,120	395,670	424,445
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	1,270,295	620,705	649,590	33,639,945	16,575,905	17,064,040
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	1,280,925	625,630	655,295	34,460,065	16,971,575	17,488,490
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	8,045	3,670	4,375	727,790	356,970	370,815
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	7,900	3,605	4,295	709,235	347,985	361,245
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	5,825	2,720	3,105	573,215	280,040	293,180
Métis single ancestry	1,440	590	855	91,255	45,740	45,515
Inuit single ancestry	635	300	335	44,765	22,210	22,555
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	145	65	80	18,555	8,985	9,565
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	115	50	70	15,140	7,305	7,835
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	20	0	15	2,470	1,205	1,265
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	770	390	380
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	10	0	0	170	85	85
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	58,745	27,465	31,280	1,402,735	669,710	733,025
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	57,270	26,870	30,395	1,347,610	644,210	703,400
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	40,160	18,720	21,445	881,455	418,215	463,235
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	16,030	7,680	8,345	441,000	213,940	227,065
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	1,075	470	605	25,155	12,045	13,105
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	1,475	595	885	55,125	25,505	29,625
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	1,370	555	810	49,325	22,740	26,585
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	60	25	35	3,470	1,655	1,815
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	50	15	30	2,005	940	1,065
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	325	170	160
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	1,214,130	594,495	619,635	32,329,545	15,944,900	16,384,645
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	1,280,925	625,630	655,290	34,460,065	16,971,575	17,488,485
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	251,225	120,970	130,255	7,674,580	3,725,090	3,949,495
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	41,545	21,150	20,395	1,924,635	977,690	946,945
Chinese	42,110	20,005	22,110	1,577,060	746,400	830,665
Black	62,690	29,340	33,350	1,198,540	580,070	618,475
Filipino	12,820	5,055	7,765	780,125	341,800	438,330
Latin American	11,730	5,280	6,445	447,325	215,460	231,860
Arab	41,605	21,715	19,895	523,235	276,425	246,810
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	12,745	6,015	6,735	313,260	148,880	164,385
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	9,275	4,725	4,550	264,305	133,475	130,825
Korean	3,125	1,435	1,690	188,710	89,110	99,600
Japanese	2,595	1,105	1,490	92,920	40,105	52,815
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	2,780	1,255	1,525	132,090	62,540	69,550
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	8,215	3,910	4,305	232,375	113,140	119,230
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	1,029,700	504,660	525,040	26,785,480	13,246,485	13,539,000
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	1,280,920	625,630	655,290	34,460,065	16,971,575	17,488,485
North American Aboriginal origins	66,790	31,135	35,660	2,130,520	1,026,675	1,103,840
First Nations (North American Indian)	47,560	22,075	25,480	1,525,570	731,410	794,155
Inuit	1,850	825	1,025	79,130	38,695	40,435
Métis	19,015	8,895	10,120	599,995	291,310	308,690
Other North American origins	452,815	221,755	231,055	11,628,535	5,745,695	5,882,835
Acadian	4,610	2,250	2,360	119,675	57,805	61,865
American	15,885	7,640	8,240	377,405	182,690	194,715
Canadian	438,800	214,805	223,995	11,135,965	5,501,595	5,634,370
New Brunswicker	50	30	20	1,490	800	685
Newfoundlander	885	535	350	22,215	11,420	10,800
Nova Scotian	140	80	60	3,700	1,770	1,930
Ontarian	520	240	285	3,925	1,980	1,945
Québécois	1,185	615	565	194,560	99,320	95,235
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	60	45	15	1,895	950	945
European origins	838,825	409,795	429,040	19,683,320	9,687,715	9,995,605
British Isles origins	570,025	278,510	291,520	11,211,850	5,474,735	5,737,115
Channel Islander	140	35	105	3,595	1,740	1,855
Cornish	105	60	45	1,975	995	975
English	283,610	139,040	144,575	6,320,085	3,069,515	3,250,570
Irish	287,915	136,545	151,370	4,627,000	2,195,620	2,431,385
Manx	245	140	105	6,125	3,090	3,040
Scottish	253,600	124,050	129,550	4,799,005	2,323,390	2,475,620
Welsh	22,705	10,885	11,820	474,805	226,600	248,210
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	42,875	20,075	22,805	644,695	307,090	337,610
French origins	274,805	131,260	143,550	4,680,820	2,283,480	2,397,340
Alsatian	85	40	45	2,800	1,300	1,495
Breton	160	90	70	11,845	5,765	6,080
Corsican	55	40	15	1,750	950	805
French	274,665	131,170	143,495	4,670,595	2,278,430	2,392,165
Western European origins (except French origins)	164,140	80,255	83,885	4,600,855	2,258,095	2,342,760
Austrian	6,915	3,375	3,545	207,050	100,775	106,275
Bavarian	75	25	50	940	485	455
Belgian	5,740	2,765	2,980	186,665	91,395	95,270
Dutch	47,420	23,760	23,660	1,111,655	546,565	565,090
Flemish	540	280	260	11,685	5,730	5,960
Frisian	260	145	120	4,590	2,395	2,195
German	110,025	53,225	56,800	3,322,405	1,626,785	1,695,615
Luxembourger	175	100	75	3,915	2,025	1,890
Swiss	6,220	3,060	3,160	155,120	76,935	78,185
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	160	80	85	3,365	1,645	1,720
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	29,325	14,665	14,655	1,201,320	579,005	622,315
Danish	6,790	3,500	3,290	207,470	100,660	106,810
Finnish	4,820	2,430	2,390	143,645	69,045	74,600
Icelandic	1,740	825	915	101,795	49,875	51,915
Norwegian	7,890	3,930	3,955	463,275	223,075	240,200
Swedish	8,465	4,035	4,430	349,645	163,545	186,095
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	1,860	1,050	805	52,780	26,965	25,820
Eastern European origins	102,390	49,340	53,050	3,431,245	1,666,740	1,764,505
Bulgarian	1,530	715	815	34,565	16,935	17,625
Byelorussian	870	420	445	20,710	10,190	10,515
Czech	4,285	2,000	2,285	104,580	51,555	53,030
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	905	395	510	40,715	19,235	21,480
Estonian	1,090	495	600	24,530	11,715	12,815
Hungarian	10,490	5,080	5,410	348,085	170,040	178,045
Latvian	1,290	540	745	30,725	14,920	15,805
Lithuanian	2,795	1,395	1,395	59,285	28,745	30,535
Moldovan	395	165	230	14,915	7,265	7,650
Polish	39,265	18,805	20,460	1,106,585	533,830	572,750
Romanian	6,855	3,335	3,525	238,050	114,705	123,345
Russian	17,075	7,905	9,170	622,445	297,600	324,850
Slovak	3,025	1,435	1,595	72,285	35,360	36,925
Ukrainian	29,875	14,590	15,285	1,359,655	663,560	696,095
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	1,110	585	525	20,415	9,895	10,520
Southern European origins	94,885	46,295	48,590	3,012,375	1,494,605	1,517,775
Albanian	1,105	545	560	36,185	18,385	17,800
Bosnian	1,275	605	670	26,740	13,320	13,420
Catalan	25	10	15	1,280	740	535
Croatian	3,840	1,845	1,995	133,970	67,825	66,140
Cypriot	180	75	110	5,650	2,850	2,795
Greek	8,425	4,275	4,150	271,410	137,405	134,005
Italian	54,455	27,045	27,405	1,587,965	794,525	793,445
Kosovar	60	30	30	2,865	1,470	1,395
Macedonian	650	250	395	43,110	21,650	21,460
Maltese	820	425	395	41,920	20,955	20,965
Montenegrin	170	85	85	4,160	2,180	1,985
Portuguese	10,425	5,055	5,370	482,605	239,360	243,250
Serbian	2,805	1,390	1,410	96,530	49,095	47,440
Sicilian	290	145	145	6,940	3,500	3,435
Slovenian	1,375	685	690	40,470	20,105	20,365
Spanish	14,045	6,215	7,830	396,460	184,520	211,945
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	965	455	515	38,480	18,620	19,860
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	65	25	45	2,170	1,030	1,135
Other European origins	9,415	4,790	4,625	226,695	115,110	111,580
Basque	300	170	130	6,965	3,690	3,275
Jewish	6,330	3,260	3,075	143,660	72,625	71,035
Roma (Gypsy)	120	55	70	4,630	2,195	2,440
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	225	105	125	4,870	2,560	2,310
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	2,495	1,240	1,255	67,890	34,730	33,160
Caribbean origins	27,530	12,470	15,065	749,155	349,810	399,345
Antiguan	285	155	130	4,500	2,115	2,385
Bahamian	175	120	60	3,675	1,915	1,760
Barbadian	1,415	605	815	37,780	17,745	20,035
Bermudan	155	90	70	3,075	1,435	1,640
Carib	115	40	75	3,030	1,175	1,860
Cuban	1,175	540	635	29,065	13,800	15,270
Dominican	795	360	435	23,130	11,000	12,125
Grenadian	315	155	155	17,915	7,835	10,080
Guadeloupean	10	10	0	1,125	515	605
Haitian	10,240	4,570	5,670	165,095	76,460	88,635
Jamaican	8,435	3,875	4,560	309,485	145,080	164,410
Kittitian/Nevisian	55	20	35	2,915	1,460	1,460
Martinican	30	15	15	2,010	900	1,110
Montserratan	45	25	20	930	460	470
Puerto Rican	155	75	80	3,405	1,645	1,765
St. Lucian	810	310	495	8,985	4,095	4,890
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	2,245	1,040	1,205	78,965	37,325	41,635
Vincentian/Grenadinian	255	85	165	17,420	7,475	9,945
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	1,715	725	990	70,270	31,625	38,645
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	1,105	520	585	26,830	12,520	14,310
Latin, Central and South American origins	19,025	8,810	10,215	674,640	325,210	349,430
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	860	405	455	22,725	10,875	11,850
Arawak	60	25	35	1,440	610	830
Argentinian	700	380	315	20,680	10,130	10,545
Belizean	100	45	50	1,755	915	845
Bolivian	155	80	70	5,055	2,480	2,580
Brazilian	1,185	585	605	36,830	17,380	19,455
Chilean	1,150	590	560	45,190	22,280	22,910
Colombian	1,995	905	1,090	96,325	45,590	50,735
Costa Rican	195	85	115	5,535	2,680	2,855
Ecuadorian	290	150	140	25,405	11,995	13,415
Guatemalan	445	160	285	26,275	13,360	12,915
Guyanese	2,150	1,055	1,100	84,275	39,530	44,745
Hispanic	345	185	160	11,055	5,380	5,670
Honduran	295	90	200	10,650	5,235	5,415
Maya	335	165	170	6,285	3,350	2,940
Mexican	3,175	1,360	1,810	128,485	62,890	65,595
Nicaraguan	1,125	550	580	13,705	6,650	7,055
Panamanian	110	60	55	4,700	2,210	2,495
Paraguayan	35	15	15	4,325	2,165	2,160
Peruvian	1,320	625	695	42,145	19,645	22,505
Salvadorean	2,260	1,095	1,170	66,220	32,960	33,255
Uruguayan	95	45	60	6,795	3,390	3,410
Venezuelan	980	380	590	26,345	12,220	14,125
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	1,265	530	730	28,455	13,930	14,525
African origins	57,970	27,945	30,025	1,067,930	539,805	528,120
Central and West African origins	12,245	6,005	6,245	230,110	118,040	112,070
Akan	110	60	50	1,955	1,090	870
Angolan	200	90	110	2,960	1,475	1,480
Ashanti	15	15	0	1,585	855	735
Beninese	115	70	45	4,995	2,670	2,320
Burkinabe	285	120	160	3,150	1,665	1,485
Cameroonian	1,370	700	670	24,615	12,390	12,230
Chadian	150	75	75	1,845	955	885
Congolese	4,000	1,780	2,215	38,365	18,925	19,440
Edo	50	25	25	1,945	1,095	855
Ewe	15	10	0	845	470	375
Gabonese	115	65	55	1,405	660	750
Gambian	35	20	15	975	495	475
Ghanaian	1,385	760	630	35,495	17,720	17,770
Guinean	270	120	150	7,240	3,785	3,455
Ibo	120	55	65	5,315	2,850	2,470
Ivorian	525	220	305	10,935	5,485	5,450
Liberian	95	55	40	2,485	1,130	1,360
Malian	170	75	90	4,490	2,280	2,210
Malinké	75	40	35	1,125	585	535
Nigerian	2,085	1,070	1,015	51,835	27,025	24,805
Peulh	70	40	30	2,435	1,270	1,170
Senegalese	365	180	185	10,175	5,500	4,670
Sierra Leonean	100	50	55	2,620	1,330	1,295
Togolese	320	155	160	5,300	2,870	2,430
Wolof	35	20	15	840	495	345
Yoruba	345	210	135	9,585	5,075	4,515
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	900	460	440	15,380	7,940	7,445
North African origins	13,380	6,895	6,485	355,045	185,775	169,270
Algerian	1,375	685	690	67,335	34,755	32,580
Berber	905	480	415	37,060	19,685	17,375
Coptic	130	70	65	3,535	1,860	1,680
Dinka	50	20	30	900	500	400
Egyptian	6,085	3,220	2,875	99,140	51,730	47,410
Libyan	1,215	625	595	7,740	4,135	3,605
Maure	40	30	15	1,190	655	535
Moroccan	2,265	1,090	1,175	103,940	54,005	49,945
Sudanese	845	425	425	19,960	10,315	9,645
Tunisian	680	350	330	25,645	13,985	11,665
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	455	230	220	6,115	3,320	2,795
Southern and East African origins	23,510	10,995	12,520	260,145	128,325	131,815
Afrikaner	60	30	30	1,870	955	915
Amhara	80	50	35	1,530	815	715
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	375	170	200	3,965	2,175	1,785
Burundian	1,920	860	1,060	10,990	5,405	5,580
Djiboutian	730	300	430	1,710	790	920
Eritrean	1,375	625	750	25,255	12,830	12,430
Ethiopian	2,880	1,305	1,575	44,065	21,680	22,385
Harari	10	10	10	665	355	305
Kenyan	615	310	305	10,915	5,230	5,685
Malagasy	215	110	105	4,500	2,175	2,325
Mauritian	385	170	215	9,325	4,655	4,665
Oromo	285	145	135	3,350	1,745	1,605
Rwandan	1,315	530	780	10,775	5,065	5,705
Seychellois	35	10	25	1,285	575	710
Somali	10,385	4,910	5,475	62,550	30,215	32,330
South African	1,375	670	705	41,375	20,575	20,800
Tanzanian	310	130	180	4,710	2,400	2,310
Tigrian	180	85	95	2,155	1,160	995
Ugandan	405	195	205	5,705	2,875	2,830
Zambian	145	60	80	1,860	935	920
Zimbabwean	330	160	170	8,090	3,975	4,110
Zulu	50	35	15	945	475	475
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	1,335	670	670	17,305	8,445	8,860
Other African origins	10,175	4,760	5,410	239,560	116,400	123,165
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	1,270	520	750	30,385	14,015	16,370
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	9,095	4,335	4,765	212,005	103,790	108,215
Asian origins	188,020	92,115	95,910	6,095,235	2,958,120	3,137,115
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	66,450	34,240	32,215	1,011,145	518,170	492,980
Afghan	4,020	2,045	1,975	83,995	42,320	41,675
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	7,475	3,835	3,640	111,400	58,930	52,475
Armenian	1,545	800	740	63,810	31,505	32,305
Assyrian	130	60	75	13,835	7,115	6,720
Azerbaijani	215	85	130	6,425	3,230	3,200
Georgian	180	100	85	4,775	2,430	2,345
Hazara	50	25	25	1,515	810	705
Iranian	7,070	3,535	3,530	210,405	106,565	103,840
Iraqi	4,780	2,525	2,255	70,925	35,965	34,955
Israeli	735	390	345	28,735	15,065	13,675
Jordanian	1,485	805	685	14,250	7,520	6,735
Kazakh	155	80	80	3,330	1,615	1,710
Kurd	855	460	400	16,315	8,810	7,515
Kuwaiti	965	485	480	2,235	1,185	1,055
Kyrgyz	35	25	10	1,060	510	550
Lebanese	26,870	13,780	13,095	219,555	112,970	106,590
Palestinian	4,055	2,270	1,795	44,820	23,900	20,920
Pashtun	265	145	125	4,810	2,565	2,245
Saudi Arabian	575	275	300	6,810	3,935	2,880
Syrian	4,700	2,450	2,250	77,045	38,445	38,600
Tajik	100	55	50	2,905	1,410	1,495
Tatar	155	60	100	4,825	2,155	2,670
Turk	3,040	1,605	1,435	63,955	32,855	31,100
Turkmen	125	60	65	1,040	540	500
Uighur	50	30	20	1,555	775	785
Uzbek	160	75	90	3,920	1,920	2,000
Yemeni	1,000	510	490	6,645	3,335	3,305
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	2,115	1,080	1,035	25,280	13,180	12,100
South Asian origins	43,695	22,135	21,560	1,963,330	993,595	969,735
Bangladeshi	2,400	1,245	1,150	45,940	23,645	22,300
Bengali	1,110	560	550	22,900	11,730	11,180
Bhutanese	315	165	150	3,600	1,765	1,835
East Indian	29,395	14,930	14,460	1,374,710	694,990	679,720
Goan	135	70	65	6,070	2,915	3,155
Gujarati	200	115	85	8,350	4,305	4,050
Kashmiri	60	15	40	3,115	1,605	1,510
Nepali	900	445	455	17,140	8,715	8,420
Pakistani	5,085	2,540	2,550	215,555	110,420	105,140
Punjabi	1,170	610	560	118,400	61,155	57,240
Sinhalese	290	150	145	7,285	3,605	3,685
Sri Lankan	3,050	1,520	1,530	152,595	75,010	77,585
Tamil	995	490	510	48,670	24,845	23,825
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	2,300	1,150	1,150	76,400	38,815	37,585
East and Southeast Asian origins	79,695	36,600	43,090	3,163,360	1,467,205	1,696,155
Burmese	605	300	305	9,335	4,535	4,795
Cambodian (Khmer)	2,355	1,090	1,260	38,490	18,515	19,980
Chinese	47,930	22,555	25,370	1,769,195	836,150	933,045
Filipino	14,135	5,680	8,460	837,130	369,105	468,025
Hmong	0	0	0	805	420	390
Indonesian	640	260	375	21,390	9,950	11,440
Japanese	3,370	1,430	1,940	121,485	53,415	68,070
Karen	285	150	130	4,510	2,275	2,240
Korean	3,340	1,560	1,780	198,210	93,680	104,525
Laotian	710	330	385	24,580	12,190	12,390
Malaysian	495	180	310	16,920	7,735	9,185
Mongolian	305	170	130	7,480	3,560	3,915
Singaporean	50	20	30	2,850	1,325	1,520
Taiwanese	755	345	405	36,510	16,570	19,945
Thai	715	235	475	19,010	7,330	11,680
Tibetan	90	45	50	8,040	4,055	3,985
Vietnamese	9,020	4,425	4,600	240,615	115,935	124,680
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	255	140	115	6,500	3,150	3,355
Other Asian origins	390	180	215	22,745	11,280	11,460
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	390	180	210	22,740	11,280	11,460
Oceania origins	2,335	1,150	1,190	85,470	43,030	42,440
Australian	1,645	770	875	42,315	21,710	20,605
New Zealander	490	280	205	15,395	8,065	7,330
Pacific Islands origins	240	105	135	29,485	14,240	15,250
Fijian	60	20	40	19,375	9,280	10,090
Hawaiian	15	0	10	3,295	1,500	1,795
Maori	20	15	0	2,500	1,310	1,195
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	85	25	60	1,530	725	805
Samoan	40	25	15	1,100	625	475
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	35	20	15	2,335	1,145	1,185
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	528,305	...	...	14,072,075	...	...
Owner	362,625	...	...	9,541,320	...	...
Renter	165,670	...	...	4,474,530	...	...
Band housing	10	...	...	56,230	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	528,300	...	...	14,072,075	...	...
Condominium	63,340	...	...	1,874,840	...	...
Not condominium	464,965	...	...	12,197,240	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	528,300	...	...	14,072,080	...	...
No bedrooms	2,800	...	...	93,345	...	...
1 bedroom	65,605	...	...	1,925,015	...	...
2 bedrooms	115,775	...	...	3,547,090	...	...
3 bedrooms	209,435	...	...	4,836,485	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	134,690	...	...	3,670,145	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	528,305	...	...	14,072,075	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	126,930	...	...	4,068,915	...	...
5 rooms	72,285	...	...	2,177,045	...	...
6 rooms	80,640	...	...	1,981,585	...	...
7 rooms	79,655	...	...	1,790,180	...	...
8 or more rooms	168,800	...	...	4,054,355	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.4	...	...	6.2	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	528,300	...	...	14,072,080	...	...
One person or fewer per room	521,700	...	...	13,802,060	...	...
More than 1 person per room	6,605	...	...	270,020	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	528,305	...	...	14,072,075	...	...
Suitable	507,180	...	...	13,376,345	...	...
Not suitable	21,120	...	...	695,730	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	528,300	...	...	14,072,080	...	...
1960 or before	114,465	...	...	3,126,380	...	...
1961 to 1980	153,640	...	...	4,185,510	...	...
1981 to 1990	84,905	...	...	1,977,640	...	...
1991 to 2000	63,105	...	...	1,746,390	...	...
2001 to 2005	37,430	...	...	976,390	...	...
2006 to 2010	38,900	...	...	1,089,750	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	35,855	...	...	970,015	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	528,305	...	...	14,072,080	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	496,560	...	...	13,151,600	...	...
Major repairs needed	31,745	...	...	920,480	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	528,305	...	...	14,072,080	...	...
1 household maintainer	298,475	...	...	8,324,865	...	...
2 household maintainers	218,255	...	...	5,404,800	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	11,570	...	...	342,415	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	528,305	...	...	14,072,080	...	...
15 to 24 years	18,565	...	...	437,230	...	...
25 to 34 years	72,470	...	...	1,991,685	...	...
35 to 44 years	87,105	...	...	2,414,920	...	...
45 to 54 years	112,490	...	...	2,862,870	...	...
55 to 64 years	107,015	...	...	2,859,315	...	...
65 to 74 years	76,900	...	...	2,034,220	...	...
75 to 84 years	39,815	...	...	1,084,700	...	...
85 years and over	13,935	...	...	387,135	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	523,375	...	...	13,798,305	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	400,025	...	...	10,472,355	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	123,355	...	...	3,325,950	...	...
30% to less than 100%	106,875	...	...	2,861,615	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	358,420	...	...	9,368,330	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	60.3	...	...	60.7	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	14.4	...	...	16.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,288	...	...	1,130	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,402	...	...	1,313	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	349,589	...	...	341,556	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	394,549	...	...	443,058	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	165,405	...	...	4,452,850	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	15.8	...	...	13.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	43.5	...	...	40.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,050	...	...	910	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,089	...	...	1,002	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	1,068,405	517,440	550,960	28,643,015	13,990,435	14,652,580
No certificate, diploma or degree	152,980	77,940	75,040	5,239,575	2,667,995	2,571,585
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	276,465	136,005	140,465	7,576,400	3,686,630	3,889,770
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	638,960	303,495	335,465	15,827,040	7,635,805	8,191,230
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	57,910	38,755	19,150	2,800,260	1,906,610	893,650
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	30,565	17,885	12,680	1,549,880	880,365	669,515
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	27,340	20,875	6,470	1,250,385	1,026,250	224,140
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	231,810	100,330	131,485	5,553,825	2,326,940	3,226,890
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	20,770	8,620	12,155	813,335	331,940	481,395
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	328,465	155,785	172,680	6,659,615	3,070,315	3,589,300
Bachelor's degree	205,915	93,270	112,650	4,443,835	1,967,905	2,475,935
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	19,035	8,085	10,950	462,295	203,725	258,570
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	7,615	3,885	3,730	190,925	102,530	88,395
Master's degree	79,330	39,595	39,735	1,331,045	651,510	679,535
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	16,570	10,955	5,615	231,510	144,640	86,870
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	698,620	338,065	360,555	18,931,380	9,268,555	9,662,830
No certificate, diploma or degree	54,905	30,600	24,310	2,169,790	1,200,110	969,685
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	154,725	79,015	75,710	4,494,585	2,247,020	2,247,565
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	488,995	228,455	260,540	12,267,005	5,821,425	6,445,580
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	39,595	26,330	13,260	2,042,430	1,377,775	664,650
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	20,920	12,060	8,860	1,145,035	639,785	505,250
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	18,675	14,270	4,405	897,390	737,990	159,405
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	178,785	78,465	100,320	4,241,985	1,786,065	2,455,920
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	13,495	5,820	7,680	580,885	240,040	340,850
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	257,115	117,835	139,285	5,401,705	2,417,555	2,984,155
Bachelor's degree	160,285	71,395	88,880	3,590,080	1,562,160	2,027,925
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	14,255	5,555	8,705	362,455	151,205	211,250
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	5,945	2,695	3,250	153,290	74,440	78,855
Master's degree	64,750	31,015	33,735	1,120,190	527,335	592,850
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	11,885	7,175	4,710	175,685	102,415	73,275
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	1,068,405	517,440	550,965	28,643,015	13,990,430	14,652,585
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	429,450	213,950	215,500	12,815,980	6,354,625	6,461,350
Education	37,410	8,445	28,965	1,060,095	251,290	808,800
13. Education	37,405	8,440	28,965	1,060,095	251,290	808,805
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	21,715	9,580	12,135	596,230	268,050	328,180
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	4,570	3,295	1,270	99,020	72,865	26,150
50. Visual and performing arts	17,140	6,280	10,860	497,210	195,185	302,025
Humanities	39,380	15,015	24,365	850,840	330,490	520,345
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	5,775	1,140	4,635	98,000	22,100	75,900
23. English language and literature/letters	10,310	3,175	7,135	178,590	52,785	125,810
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	7,710	2,845	4,870	275,525	104,135	171,390
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	400	120	280	4,160	1,640	2,520
38. Philosophy and religious studies	2,700	1,500	1,205	51,930	30,185	21,750
39. Theology and religious vocations	2,425	1,425	1,000	77,490	46,285	31,200
54. History	7,580	4,300	3,280	111,465	59,965	51,500
55. French language and literature/letters	2,480	520	1,960	53,680	13,400	40,290
Social and behavioural sciences and law	104,370	38,580	65,785	1,761,900	586,455	1,175,445
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	1,575	420	1,155	24,685	5,660	19,025
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	10,535	3,790	6,745	182,275	68,030	114,245
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	13,225	1,175	12,050	324,660	26,065	298,595
22. Legal professions and studies	16,320	6,005	10,310	289,600	102,660	186,945
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	2,440	555	1,885	35,445	8,150	27,295
42. Psychology	15,780	3,905	11,880	281,470	71,230	210,230
45. Social sciences	44,490	22,725	21,765	623,775	304,660	319,110
Business, management and public administration	122,450	49,665	72,790	3,360,045	1,272,475	2,087,565
30.16 Accounting and computer science	275	105	165	6,190	1,850	4,340
44. Public administration and social service professions	13,130	3,425	9,700	237,835	48,815	189,015
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	109,050	46,130	62,920	3,116,025	1,221,805	1,894,215
Physical and life sciences and technologies	30,125	15,430	14,695	614,280	315,665	298,615
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	14,680	6,005	8,675	249,955	105,560	144,400
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	4,470	2,245	2,220	125,600	61,685	63,915
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	315	80	235	28,155	12,625	15,530
40. Physical sciences	9,515	6,610	2,905	179,305	122,815	56,485
41. Science technologies/technicians	1,150	485	665	31,270	12,980	18,290
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	39,140	25,230	13,910	651,480	420,370	231,110
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	29,595	20,690	8,905	514,685	356,435	158,250
25. Library science	3,030	620	2,405	40,820	6,495	34,320
27. Mathematics and statistics	5,415	3,200	2,215	86,655	50,930	35,725
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	1,100	720	385	9,325	6,510	2,815
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	111,605	98,990	12,610	3,327,405	3,022,700	304,700
04. Architecture and related services	5,215	3,400	1,820	114,315	72,880	41,435
14. Engineering	38,745	31,790	6,960	752,465	615,880	136,585
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	24,540	22,060	2,475	620,065	551,855	68,205
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	40	0	25	410	85	325
46. Construction trades	16,365	15,940	420	702,155	682,710	19,445
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	19,595	19,030	565	731,135	709,430	21,705
48. Precision production	7,105	6,765	340	406,855	389,850	17,005
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	11,870	7,175	4,695	339,050	219,040	120,010
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	7,510	4,740	2,770	205,930	127,925	78,005
03. Natural resources and conservation	4,360	2,430	1,925	133,120	91,115	42,005
Health and related fields	86,600	17,295	69,300	2,266,720	441,180	1,825,545
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	7,685	3,705	3,985	164,295	81,260	83,040
51. Health professions and related programs	76,565	12,340	64,225	2,047,680	329,010	1,718,670
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	2,345	1,255	1,090	54,740	30,910	23,830
Personal, protective and transportation services	34,205	18,050	16,155	995,825	507,200	488,630
12. Personal and culinary services	17,650	4,985	12,670	565,555	151,530	414,025
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	915	765	150	3,505	3,080	420
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	675	615	55	7,900	7,230	670
43. Security and protective services	10,305	7,390	2,915	206,745	150,540	56,205
49. Transportation and materials moving	4,665	4,295	370	212,125	194,810	17,315
Other	85	35	50	3,170	885	2,280
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	85	35	50	3,170	890	2,280
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	698,620	338,065	360,555	18,931,385	9,268,555	9,662,825
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	209,630	109,610	100,015	6,664,380	3,447,130	3,217,250
Education	25,375	5,465	19,905	727,515	160,315	567,205
13. Education	25,370	5,465	19,910	727,515	160,315	567,200
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	16,620	7,250	9,370	467,905	208,365	259,545
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	3,420	2,395	1,030	74,530	53,995	20,535
50. Visual and performing arts	13,205	4,860	8,340	393,375	154,370	239,005
Humanities	27,740	10,400	17,345	614,815	232,425	382,390
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	4,440	835	3,600	76,540	16,200	60,340
23. English language and literature/letters	7,270	2,175	5,095	133,800	38,310	95,485
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	5,220	1,925	3,295	191,005	71,770	119,235
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	310	85	225	3,140	1,250	1,895
38. Philosophy and religious studies	1,870	1,050	820	37,870	21,930	15,940
39. Theology and religious vocations	1,610	980	625	52,295	31,200	21,090
54. History	5,520	3,105	2,410	82,565	43,475	39,085
55. French language and literature/letters	1,500	235	1,265	37,600	8,285	29,315
Social and behavioural sciences and law	82,815	29,190	53,625	1,417,625	453,100	964,525
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	1,275	310	965	20,300	4,595	15,705
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	8,360	2,950	5,410	152,080	56,125	95,955
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	10,445	895	9,550	259,845	19,160	240,685
22. Legal professions and studies	13,705	4,525	9,180	241,170	76,720	164,445
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	2,050	465	1,585	27,310	6,390	20,920
42. Psychology	11,960	2,805	9,160	218,470	51,570	166,900
45. Social sciences	35,020	17,250	17,770	498,450	238,540	259,915
Business, management and public administration	96,030	37,965	58,065	2,696,770	1,000,895	1,695,875
30.16 Accounting and computer science	210	85	120	4,955	1,480	3,475
44. Public administration and social service professions	10,470	2,590	7,880	192,190	36,890	155,305
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	85,355	35,290	50,065	2,499,625	962,530	1,537,095
Physical and life sciences and technologies	21,710	10,320	11,395	449,870	222,120	227,755
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	11,085	4,290	6,790	195,830	79,945	115,880
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	3,120	1,510	1,615	89,205	42,265	46,945
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	240	60	180	9,280	3,850	5,430
40. Physical sciences	6,490	4,185	2,305	132,935	87,025	45,905
41. Science technologies/technicians	780	275	505	22,625	9,035	13,590
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	33,865	22,005	11,865	567,415	368,840	198,575
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	26,790	18,700	8,085	464,000	321,805	142,190
25. Library science	2,145	445	1,700	29,955	4,870	25,080
27. Mathematics and statistics	3,955	2,245	1,710	65,620	36,895	28,725
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	980	615	370	7,840	5,270	2,575
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	84,315	73,625	10,690	2,532,555	2,271,735	260,820
04. Architecture and related services	4,135	2,585	1,550	93,135	57,280	35,850
14. Engineering	30,365	24,285	6,085	612,265	490,980	121,285
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	18,500	16,535	1,965	475,045	418,595	56,450
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	30	0	25	350	70	275
46. Construction trades	12,020	11,670	345	515,630	499,670	15,960
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	14,320	13,840	480	540,800	523,425	17,375
48. Precision production	4,950	4,710	240	295,335	281,715	13,620
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	9,100	5,230	3,865	269,445	167,680	101,770
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	5,545	3,305	2,235	159,975	94,680	65,295
03. Natural resources and conservation	3,555	1,925	1,630	109,470	73,000	36,470
Health and related fields	65,015	13,275	51,735	1,749,545	342,395	1,407,145
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	6,035	2,865	3,170	129,560	63,315	66,245
51. Health professions and related programs	57,175	9,560	47,615	1,576,945	256,895	1,320,050
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	1,805	845	955	43,040	22,185	20,860
Personal, protective and transportation services	26,320	13,700	12,625	770,950	392,820	378,135
12. Personal and culinary services	13,505	3,810	9,695	431,415	114,395	317,025
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	750	605	145	2,725	2,355	375
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	380	345	30	4,425	3,975	445
43. Security and protective services	8,090	5,655	2,435	162,995	116,750	46,240
49. Transportation and materials moving	3,595	3,280	315	169,400	155,340	14,050
Other	80	35	45	2,590	745	1,845
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	80	35	50	2,585	740	1,845
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	1,068,405	517,440	550,965	28,643,015	13,990,435	14,652,585
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	429,450	213,950	215,500	12,815,975	6,354,625	6,461,350
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	638,955	303,495	335,460	15,827,040	7,635,805	8,191,235
Location of study inside Canada	551,985	261,540	290,445	13,117,190	6,299,305	6,817,890
Same as province or territory of residence	456,775	216,160	240,615	11,519,215	5,503,640	6,015,575
Different than province or territory of residence	95,215	45,385	49,830	1,597,975	795,655	802,315
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	86,970	41,950	45,015	2,709,850	1,336,505	1,373,345
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	14,525	7,850	6,675	349,540	189,995	159,545
Philippines	4,675	1,400	3,275	298,830	109,820	189,020
India	5,795	2,800	3,000	281,415	142,410	138,995
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	11,880	6,695	5,185	232,035	131,050	100,980
China^{Census data footnote 162}	6,415	2,930	3,490	205,375	94,690	110,685
France	2,235	1,120	1,115	88,860	50,400	38,455
Other	41,445	19,160	22,280	1,253,790	618,135	635,655
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	698,620	338,065	360,555	18,931,380	9,268,555	9,662,830
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	209,630	109,610	100,015	6,664,380	3,447,125	3,217,250
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	488,995	228,450	260,540	12,267,005	5,821,430	6,445,575
Location of study inside Canada	425,425	199,260	226,160	10,134,590	4,807,045	5,327,545
Same as province or territory of residence	354,490	165,740	188,745	8,918,160	4,207,495	4,710,665
Different than province or territory of residence	70,940	33,520	37,420	1,216,425	599,545	616,875
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	63,570	29,190	34,375	2,132,415	1,014,385	1,118,030
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	10,405	5,325	5,075	254,245	131,955	122,290
Philippines	4,045	1,200	2,845	263,095	96,025	167,065
India	4,155	1,955	2,200	239,535	117,445	122,090
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	6,465	3,500	2,965	133,655	73,575	60,085
China^{Census data footnote 162}	4,740	2,090	2,650	175,825	79,635	96,190
France	1,745	855	890	72,920	40,610	32,310
Other	32,015	14,270	17,750	993,135	475,145	517,990
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	1,068,405	517,440	550,965	28,643,020	13,990,430	14,652,585
In the labour force	702,740	359,610	343,130	18,672,475	9,731,830	8,940,645
Employed	652,640	332,550	320,085	17,230,040	8,923,540	8,306,490
Unemployed	50,095	27,055	23,045	1,442,435	808,285	634,150
Not in the labour force	365,665	157,835	207,835	9,970,545	4,258,605	5,711,945
Participation rate	65.8	69.5	62.3	65.2	69.6	61.0
Employment rate	61.1	64.3	58.1	60.2	63.8	56.7
Unemployment rate	7.1	7.5	6.7	7.7	8.3	7.1
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	1,068,405	517,440	550,965	28,643,020	13,990,430	14,652,580
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	345,055	148,385	196,670	9,282,005	3,930,570	5,351,440
Worked	723,350	369,055	354,290	19,361,010	10,059,865	9,301,150
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	393,755	215,625	178,130	9,626,010	5,402,110	4,223,895
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	329,595	153,430	176,165	9,735,005	4,657,755	5,077,245
Average weeks worked in reference year	43.3	43.7	42.9	42.4	42.9	42.0
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	702,740	359,610	343,130	18,672,470	9,731,825	8,940,640
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	15,885	7,890	7,995	404,350	197,705	206,640
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	686,855	351,720	335,140	18,268,125	9,534,120	8,734,000
Employee	612,450	306,560	305,890	16,073,685	8,158,745	7,914,940
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	74,400	45,155	29,250	2,194,440	1,375,380	819,060
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	702,740	359,605	343,135	18,672,470	9,731,830	8,940,645
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	15,885	7,890	7,995	404,350	197,710	206,640
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	686,855	351,720	335,140	18,268,120	9,534,120	8,734,005
0 Management occupations	80,995	49,215	31,780	2,013,370	1,251,165	762,205
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	119,035	38,305	80,725	2,874,305	862,870	2,011,440
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	71,545	54,240	17,310	1,273,660	990,560	283,105
3 Health occupations	45,725	9,670	36,055	1,245,885	244,730	1,001,155
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	103,245	36,380	66,855	2,138,445	672,945	1,465,495
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	23,295	10,110	13,180	557,275	255,705	301,570
6 Sales and service occupations	149,205	70,075	79,130	4,265,895	1,843,510	2,422,390
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	71,200	66,790	4,415	2,668,875	2,504,290	164,585
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	9,060	7,160	1,905	416,135	331,920	84,215
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	13,550	9,775	3,780	814,285	576,435	237,845
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	702,740	359,610	343,135	18,672,475	9,731,830	8,940,640
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	15,885	7,890	7,995	404,350	197,710	206,640
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	686,855	351,720	335,140	18,268,125	9,534,120	8,734,000
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	9,055	6,215	2,845	444,680	310,000	134,675
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	990	870	115	271,300	219,880	51,420
22 Utilities	2,450	1,975	480	136,350	100,135	36,210
23 Construction	41,525	36,490	5,030	1,365,010	1,196,550	168,455
31-33 Manufacturing	31,190	22,205	8,990	1,596,570	1,149,745	446,820
41 Wholesale trade	17,850	12,945	4,910	665,685	451,230	214,455
44-45 Retail trade	75,870	38,075	37,795	2,110,200	984,090	1,126,115
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	24,045	17,710	6,335	876,050	656,375	219,670
51 Information and cultural industries	16,670	10,250	6,415	420,350	243,650	176,705
52 Finance and insurance	21,070	9,250	11,825	790,580	327,865	462,715
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	11,830	6,495	5,335	333,305	184,350	148,955
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	60,520	36,080	24,440	1,335,125	740,520	594,605
55 Management of companies and enterprises	510	175	330	28,795	12,795	16,000
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	30,445	18,305	12,145	802,420	462,825	339,590
61 Educational services	53,405	17,210	36,190	1,346,585	420,845	925,735
62 Health care and social assistance	78,085	15,090	62,990	2,138,025	383,755	1,754,270
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	13,660	6,610	7,050	379,740	192,875	186,865
72 Accommodation and food services	45,375	21,250	24,125	1,283,725	535,210	748,515
81 Other services (except public administration)	29,240	12,510	16,735	814,695	371,880	442,815
91 Public administration	123,065	62,010	61,060	1,128,945	589,530	539,405
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	652,640	332,555	320,090	17,230,035	8,923,540	8,306,495
Worked at home	49,365	25,020	24,345	1,272,285	639,500	632,785
Worked outside Canada	2,645	1,750	900	78,815	54,235	24,580
No fixed workplace address	60,140	43,835	16,305	1,987,260	1,487,445	499,820
Worked at usual place	540,490	261,955	278,535	13,891,675	6,742,360	7,149,315
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	540,485	261,955	278,535	13,891,680	6,742,365	7,149,315
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	417,985	200,955	217,035	8,102,115	3,723,115	4,379,005
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	38,500	17,415	21,085	2,906,390	1,435,640	1,470,750
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	58,160	30,120	28,040	2,725,205	1,492,170	1,233,030
Commute to a different province or territory	25,840	13,460	12,375	157,970	91,445	66,525
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	600,625	305,785	294,835	15,878,940	8,229,810	7,649,135
Car, truck, van - as a driver	412,355	221,815	190,535	11,748,095	6,380,120	5,367,975
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	35,605	12,215	23,395	868,920	349,855	519,065
Public transit	94,295	42,020	52,275	1,968,215	846,735	1,121,485
Walked	40,190	18,760	21,425	877,985	392,950	485,030
Bicycle	12,205	7,915	4,295	222,130	146,615	75,515
Other method	5,980	3,070	2,915	193,595	113,525	80,060
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	600,625	305,790	294,840	15,878,945	8,229,810	7,649,130
Less than 15 minutes	139,170	66,285	72,890	4,449,920	2,071,365	2,378,555
15 to 29 minutes	210,425	107,875	102,555	5,314,295	2,725,165	2,589,130
30 to 44 minutes	139,445	73,540	65,900	3,228,845	1,782,680	1,446,165
45 to 59 minutes	62,500	31,865	30,635	1,391,060	768,115	622,940
60 minutes and over	49,090	26,220	22,865	1,494,830	882,485	612,345
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	600,625	305,790	294,835	15,878,940	8,229,810	7,649,135
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	35,955	24,205	11,750	1,073,680	781,230	292,455
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	115,025	65,360	49,670	2,814,750	1,754,045	1,060,710
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	172,655	83,070	89,590	4,458,835	2,217,210	2,241,620
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	133,920	61,450	72,470	3,349,975	1,408,710	1,941,265
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	62,930	28,890	34,035	1,756,265	752,940	1,003,325
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	80,140	42,815	37,330	2,425,435	1,315,670	1,109,765
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	743,640	379,030	364,615	19,956,255	10,342,970	9,613,285
Single responses	708,500	363,055	345,450	19,365,980	10,042,855	9,323,130
Official languages	704,805	361,190	343,615	19,090,545	9,897,470	9,193,075
English	654,615	340,055	314,560	15,265,335	7,952,010	7,313,320
French	50,195	21,135	29,055	3,825,215	1,945,465	1,879,750
Non-official languages	3,695	1,860	1,830	275,430	145,380	130,055
Aboriginal languages	45	10	40	24,950	12,385	12,565
Algonquian languages	0	0	10	14,440	7,370	7,070
Blackfoot	0	0	0	80	45	35
Cree-Montagnais languages	10	0	0	11,540	5,820	5,720
Atikamekw	0	0	0	1,095	580	515
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	2,055	970	1,085
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	370	180	190
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	40	25	10
Plains Cree	0	0	0	95	60	35
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	15	10	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	75	35	40
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	10	7,795	3,965	3,835
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	925	510	420
Malecite	0	0	0	10	0	10
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	915	505	410
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	1,895	995	900
Algonquin	0	0	0	45	20	25
Ojibway	0	0	0	765	380	385
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	1,080	595	485
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	10	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	1,140	530	610
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	1,135	525	610
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	20	0	15
Chilcotin	0	0	0	20	0	10
Dene	0	0	0	770	360	405
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	165	80	80
Gwich'in	0	0	0	10	10	10
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	10	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	135	65	70
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	95	45	45
South Slavey	0	0	0	35	20	20
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	10	10	10
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	10	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	10
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	10
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	10	0	10
Inuit languages	25	10	25	8,845	4,255	4,595
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	35	10	25
Inuktitut	25	0	20	8,800	4,240	4,555
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	10
Iroquoian languages	10	0	10	35	10	30
Cayuga	0	0	0	10	0	0
Mohawk	10	0	10	35	10	25
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	10	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	110	25	85
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	15	10	10
Lillooet	0	0	0	15	10	10
Okanagan	0	0	0	20	10	20
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	35	0	30
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	15	0	15
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	10
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	260	155	105
Dakota	0	0	0	20	10	10
Stoney	0	0	0	240	145	95
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	10	10	10
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	25	0	20
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	10	10	10
Nisga'a	0	0	0	10	10	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	10
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	35	15	20
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	15	10	10
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	10	10	10
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	10	0	30	15	15
Non-Aboriginal languages	3,650	1,855	1,795	250,485	132,990	117,490
Afro-Asiatic languages	610	360	245	7,380	4,530	2,850
Berber languages	0	0	0	35	10	30
Kabyle	0	0	0	20	0	20
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	15
Cushitic languages	20	0	20	275	105	170
Bilen	0	0	0	10	10	10
Oromo	0	0	0	45	25	20
Somali	20	0	20	220	80	145
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	590	360	230	7,065	4,420	2,650
Amharic	0	0	0	200	95	100
Arabic	565	345	220	5,585	3,695	1,890
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	205	155	55
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	30	20	15
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	20	10	10	825	335	490
Maltese	0	0	0	25	15	10
Tigrigna	0	0	0	135	70	60
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	65	35	30
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Austro-Asiatic languages	135	50	90	8,550	3,790	4,760
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	475	230	245
Vietnamese	135	45	90	8,070	3,560	4,510
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	45	20	20	3,850	1,750	2,095
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	75	20	55
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	25	0	15
Ilocano	0	0	0	110	50	60
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	10	0	0	140	75	65
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	10	0	10
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	30	10	20	3,450	1,580	1,875
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	10	0	40	25	15
Creole languages	25	15	15	350	125	225
Haitian Creole	0	0	10	25	10	15
Creole, n.o.s.	20	10	10	315	110	200
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	0	10
Dravidian languages	15	15	0	2,225	1,060	1,165
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	10	0	90	50	45
Tamil	10	10	0	2,090	1,005	1,080
Telugu	0	0	0	45	10	35
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	10	10	0
Indo-European languages	1,015	465	555	85,550	47,305	38,245
Albanian	0	0	0	350	220	125
Armenian	0	0	0	450	220	230
Balto-Slavic languages	275	100	180	10,075	4,745	5,330
Baltic languages	0	0	0	95	35	60
Latvian	0	0	0	40	10	25
Lithuanian	0	0	0	60	25	30
Slavic languages	275	100	180	9,980	4,710	5,270
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	10	10	0	155	90	65
Bulgarian	10	10	0	205	110	90
Croatian	10	10	0	220	130	95
Czech	0	0	0	70	40	30
Macedonian	0	0	0	95	45	55
Polish	45	15	30	2,500	1,265	1,235
Russian	155	45	105	4,850	2,135	2,720
Serbian	20	10	15	530	320	210
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	30	25	0
Slovak	0	0	0	100	60	40
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	15	0	10
Ukrainian	30	10	15	1,210	485	725
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	25	20	10
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	15	15	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	10
Germanic languages	195	90	105	13,285	7,455	5,835
Afrikaans	0	0	0	85	40	40
Danish	10	10	10	90	50	35
Dutch	20	10	10	1,165	630	540
Frisian	0	0	0	40	25	15
German	150	65	80	10,065	5,715	4,345
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	10	0
Norwegian	10	0	10	65	30	40
Swedish	10	0	10	125	55	70
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	35	20	15
Yiddish	10	0	0	895	390	505
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	720	495	225
Greek	20	15	0	1,020	545	475
Indo-Iranian languages	120	60	60	37,330	21,140	16,190
Indo-Aryan languages	60	35	25	32,485	18,125	14,360
Bengali	10	10	0	530	275	245
Gujarati	0	0	0	880	300	585
Hindi	20	10	10	1,405	755	650
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	10	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	30	15	15
Nepali	10	0	10	195	95	100
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	10	27,870	15,945	11,920
Sindhi	0	0	0	35	10	30
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	40	25	20
Urdu	25	10	15	1,495	705	790
Iranian languages	60	25	35	4,820	3,000	1,815
Kurdish	0	0	0	185	150	40
Pashto	10	10	0	50	20	25
Persian (Farsi)	50	20	30	4,580	2,830	1,750
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	10	15
Italic (Romance) languages	400	200	200	23,025	12,965	10,060
Catalan	0	0	0	30	10	20
Italian	45	30	15	1,705	895	805
Portuguese	85	60	25	7,490	4,795	2,695
Romanian	0	0	0	745	365	380
Spanish	265	115	155	13,030	6,885	6,145
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	10	10
Japanese	65	30	30	3,255	1,195	2,065
Kartvelian languages	0	0	10	30	10	20
Georgian	10	0	0	30	10	20
Korean	85	45	40	12,150	6,260	5,885
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	10	10	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Niger-Congo languages	30	10	20	235	120	115
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	25	10	20
Bamanankan	0	0	0	10	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	10	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	20	10	10
Igbo	0	10	0	10	10	0
Lingala	0	0	0	10	0	10
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	0	15	25	0	15
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	10	0	0	80	50	30
Wolof	0	0	0	10	0	10
Yoruba	0	0	0	15	0	15
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	10	0	30	20	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	45	15	30	1,920	740	1,180
American Sign Language	30	15	15	1,145	340	810
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	10	135	15	115
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	10	0	640	390	255
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,490	785	705	122,880	65,030	57,850
Chinese languages	1,480	780	700	122,610	64,880	57,730
Cantonese	570	320	250	58,815	30,485	28,340
Hakka	0	0	0	70	25	45
Mandarin	840	400	435	60,090	32,430	27,665
Min Dong	0	0	0	25	15	10
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	0	0	565	335	225
Wu (Shanghainese)	10	0	0	105	65	45
Chinese, n.o.s.	60	50	10	2,930	1,530	1,405
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	10	10	0	270	155	115
Burmese	0	10	0	75	35	35
Karenic languages	0	0	0	135	75	55
Tibetan	0	0	0	50	30	20
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	10
Tai-Kadai languages	45	25	20	675	270	405
Lao	10	10	0	150	70	80
Thai	30	15	20	525	205	325
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	25	15	10	750	475	275
Azerbaijani	0	10	0	30	20	0
Turkish	15	10	15	685	435	255
Uyghur	10	0	0	15	15	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	15	10	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	10	0	10	595	270	325
Estonian	0	0	0	50	15	40
Finnish	10	0	0	105	40	65
Hungarian	0	0	0	435	225	215
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	10	0	80	45	35
Multiple responses	35,140	15,975	19,165	590,270	300,115	290,155
English and French	30,790	13,890	16,900	412,680	211,095	201,585
English and non-official language	3,515	1,690	1,820	154,285	77,870	76,420
French and non-official language	80	30	50	7,830	3,595	4,235
English, French and non-official language	755	360	395	15,475	7,565	7,915
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	743,640	379,030	364,615	19,956,250	10,342,970	9,613,290
None	566,030	296,190	269,840	17,456,725	9,056,235	8,400,490
English	35,750	15,935	19,820	1,259,225	661,460	597,765
French	130,475	61,260	69,215	705,780	349,035	356,745
Non-official language	9,735	4,885	4,850	496,565	257,455	239,105
Aboriginal	215	70	145	37,615	17,215	20,400
Non-Aboriginal	9,520	4,810	4,710	458,945	240,245	218,710
English and French	125	45	75	2,535	1,200	1,335
English and non-official language	190	90	100	18,040	8,765	9,280
French and non-official language	1,335	625	710	17,265	8,730	8,540
English, French and non-official language	10	10	0	115	90	30
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	1,268,015	619,000	649,010	34,091,785	16,783,745	17,308,035
Non-movers	1,106,320	539,960	566,355	29,644,795	14,593,190	15,051,605
Movers	161,690	79,040	82,650	4,446,990	2,190,555	2,256,435
Non-migrants	104,650	51,185	53,465	2,623,515	1,292,750	1,330,760
Migrants	57,040	27,850	29,190	1,823,475	897,805	925,670
Internal migrants	43,950	21,260	22,690	1,451,005	713,060	737,945
Intraprovincial migrants	30,305	14,510	15,795	1,189,525	580,895	608,630
Interprovincial migrants	13,650	6,750	6,900	261,475	132,160	129,315
External migrants	13,090	6,590	6,495	372,475	184,745	187,730
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	1,214,280	591,935	622,350	32,568,560	16,004,315	16,564,245
Non-movers	756,280	369,020	387,260	20,134,760	9,902,645	10,232,115
Movers	458,000	222,920	235,085	12,433,805	6,101,675	6,332,130
Non-migrants	280,220	136,475	143,745	6,755,630	3,314,730	3,440,905
Migrants	177,775	86,440	91,335	5,678,175	2,786,945	2,891,230
Internal migrants	134,375	64,655	69,720	4,296,720	2,104,325	2,192,395
Intraprovincial migrants	92,215	44,285	47,930	3,467,670	1,689,950	1,777,720
Interprovincial migrants	42,165	20,375	21,785	829,045	414,375	414,670
External migrants	43,400	21,785	21,615	1,381,460	682,625	698,835

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 35 referrer

Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 36 referrer

Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 37 referrer

Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 38 referrer

Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

Return to footnote 39 referrer

Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 40 referrer

Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

Return to footnote 41 referrer

Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 42 referrer

Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Return to footnote 43 referrer

Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 44 referrer

Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 45 referrer

Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

Return to footnote 46 referrer

Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

Return to footnote 47 referrer

Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 48 referrer

Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

Return to footnote 49 referrer

Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 50 referrer

Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 51 referrer

Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

Return to footnote 52 referrer

Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 53 referrer

Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 54 referrer

Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Return to footnote 55 referrer

Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Return to footnote 56 referrer

Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

Return to footnote 57 referrer

Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Return to footnote 58 referrer

Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Return to footnote 59 referrer

Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Return to footnote 60 referrer

Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Return to footnote 61 referrer

Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Return to footnote 62 referrer

Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Return to footnote 63 referrer

Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Return to footnote 64 referrer

Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

Return to footnote 65 referrer

Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

Return to footnote 66 referrer

Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Return to footnote 67 referrer

Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 68 referrer

Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

Return to footnote 69 referrer

Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

Return to footnote 70 referrer

Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

Return to footnote 71 referrer

Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 72 referrer

Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

Return to footnote 73 referrer

Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Return to footnote 74 referrer

Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Return to footnote 75 referrer

Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

Return to footnote 76 referrer

Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

Return to footnote 77 referrer

Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

Return to footnote 78 referrer

Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 79 referrer

Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Return to footnote 80 referrer

Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Return to footnote 81 referrer

Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 82 referrer

Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Return to footnote 83 referrer

Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

Return to footnote 84 referrer

Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 85 referrer

Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Return to footnote 86 referrer

Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 87 referrer

Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Return to footnote 88 referrer

Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Return to footnote 89 referrer

Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Return to footnote 90 referrer

Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Return to footnote 91 referrer

Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Return to footnote 92 referrer

Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Return to footnote 93 referrer

Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

Return to footnote 94 referrer

Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 95 referrer

Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

Return to footnote 96 referrer

Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

Return to footnote 97 referrer

Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

Return to footnote 98 referrer

Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

Return to footnote 99 referrer

Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

Return to footnote 100 referrer

Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

Return to footnote 101 referrer

Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

Return to footnote 102 referrer

Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 103 referrer

Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

Return to footnote 104 referrer

Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

Return to footnote 105 referrer

Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

Return to footnote 106 referrer

Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

Return to footnote 107 referrer

Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

Return to footnote 108 referrer

Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

Return to footnote 109 referrer

Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

Return to footnote 110 referrer

Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

Return to footnote 111 referrer

Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

Return to footnote 112 referrer

Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

Return to footnote 113 referrer

Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

Return to footnote 114 referrer

Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

Return to footnote 115 referrer

Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

Return to footnote 116 referrer

Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

Return to footnote 117 referrer

Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

Return to footnote 118 referrer

Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

Return to footnote 119 referrer

Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

Return to footnote 120 referrer

Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

Return to footnote 121 referrer

Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

Return to footnote 122 referrer

Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

Return to footnote 123 referrer

Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

Return to footnote 124 referrer

Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

Return to footnote 125 referrer

Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

Return to footnote 126 referrer

Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

Return to footnote 127 referrer

Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

Return to footnote 128 referrer

Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

Return to footnote 129 referrer

Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

Return to footnote 130 referrer

Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

Return to footnote 131 referrer

Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

Return to footnote 132 referrer

Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

Return to footnote 133 referrer

Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

Return to footnote 134 referrer

Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

Return to footnote 135 referrer

Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

Return to footnote 136 referrer

Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 137 referrer

Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

Return to footnote 138 referrer

Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

Return to footnote 139 referrer

Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

Return to footnote 140 referrer

Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

Return to footnote 141 referrer

Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

Return to footnote 142 referrer

Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

Return to footnote 143 referrer

Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

Return to footnote 144 referrer

Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

Return to footnote 145 referrer

Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Return to footnote 146 referrer

Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

Return to footnote 147 referrer

Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

Return to footnote 148 referrer

Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

Return to footnote 149 referrer

Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

Return to footnote 150 referrer

Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

Return to footnote 151 referrer

Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

Return to footnote 152 referrer

Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

Return to footnote 153 referrer

Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

Return to footnote 154 referrer

Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

Return to footnote 155 referrer

Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

Return to footnote 156 referrer

Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Return to footnote 157 referrer

Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

Return to footnote 158 referrer

Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

Return to footnote 159 referrer

Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Return to footnote 160 referrer

Footnote 161

Return to footnote 161 referrer

Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Return to footnote 162 referrer

Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

Return to footnote 163 referrer

Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

Return to footnote 164 referrer

Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

Return to footnote 165 referrer

Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

Return to footnote 166 referrer

Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

Return to footnote 167 referrer

Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

Return to footnote 168 referrer

Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

Return to footnote 169 referrer

Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

Return to footnote 170 referrer

Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

Return to footnote 171 referrer

Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

Return to footnote 172 referrer

Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

Return to footnote 173 referrer

Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

Return to footnote 174 referrer

Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

Return to footnote 175 referrer

Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

Return to footnote 176 referrer

Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

Return to footnote 177 referrer

Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

Return to footnote 178 referrer

Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 179 referrer

Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Return to footnote 180 referrer

Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Return to footnote 181 referrer

Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Ottawa [Economic region], Ontario and Canada [Country] (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 11, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

Language selection

Search and menus

Search

Census Profile, 2016 Census
Ottawa [Economic region], Ontario and Canada [Country]

Census Profile, 2016 Census Ottawa [Economic region], Ontario and Canada [Country]

Source

How to cite

Census Profile, 2016 Census
Ottawa [Economic region], Ontario and Canada [Country]