Census Profile, 2016 Census
Ottawa [Economic region], Ontario and Quebec [Province]

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Ottawa Ontario [Economic region]			Quebec [Province]
	Data quality , Ottawa [Economic region], Ontario Map : Ottawa [Economic region], Ontario Change geography 1			Data quality : Quebec [Province] Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	1,306,249	...	...	8,164,361	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	1,244,909	...	...	7,903,001	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	4.9	...	...	3.3	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	564,144	...	...	3,858,943	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	528,303	...	...	3,531,663	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	89.9	...	...	6.0	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	14,523.17	...	...	1,356,625.27	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	1,306,250	636,060	670,185	8,164,360	4,016,760	4,147,605
0 to 14 years	212,825	108,335	104,490	1,333,260	682,535	650,720
0 to 4 years	66,855	33,960	32,895	444,930	227,965	216,970
5 to 9 years	73,325	37,365	35,960	469,165	240,225	228,940
10 to 14 years	72,650	37,010	35,635	419,160	214,345	204,815
15 to 64 years	870,635	426,940	443,690	5,335,910	2,664,630	2,671,280
15 to 19 years	77,855	39,645	38,210	429,825	219,070	210,755
20 to 24 years	88,135	44,735	43,400	500,100	252,600	247,500
25 to 29 years	82,255	40,915	41,340	495,410	248,030	247,380
30 to 34 years	80,635	39,395	41,240	515,505	256,440	259,070
35 to 39 years	78,700	37,620	41,080	550,540	274,595	275,945
40 to 44 years	84,245	40,225	44,025	506,525	254,100	252,425
45 to 49 years	90,310	43,900	46,415	519,425	260,410	259,015
50 to 54 years	104,995	51,625	53,370	619,435	309,070	310,370
55 to 59 years	98,890	48,080	50,805	636,475	314,190	322,285
60 to 64 years	84,610	40,800	43,805	562,670	276,140	286,535
65 years and over	222,790	100,785	122,005	1,495,195	669,590	825,605
65 to 69 years	74,925	36,000	38,925	488,175	236,395	251,775
70 to 74 years	53,270	25,350	27,925	373,590	176,905	196,690
75 to 79 years	38,050	17,540	20,510	256,905	116,020	140,890
80 to 84 years	27,315	11,930	15,390	187,835	78,390	109,450
85 years and over	29,230	9,970	19,260	188,685	61,885	126,805
85 to 89 years	17,590	6,670	10,925	120,635	43,795	76,840
90 to 94 years	8,925	2,720	6,205	53,165	15,155	38,015
95 to 99 years	2,390	545	1,845	13,035	2,685	10,350
100 years and over	325	35	290	1,850	255	1,600
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16.3	17.0	15.6	16.3	17.0	15.7
15 to 64 years	66.7	67.1	66.2	65.4	66.3	64.4
65 years and over	17.1	15.8	18.2	18.3	16.7	19.9
85 years and over	2.2	1.6	2.9	2.3	1.5	3.1
Average age of the population	41.3	40.3	42.1	41.9	40.9	42.9
Median age of the population	42.0	40.9	42.9	42.5	41.4	43.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	528,300	...	...	3,531,660	...	...
Single-detached house	272,360	...	...	1,602,680	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	70,860	...	...	187,800	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	182,795	...	...	1,717,680	...	...
Semi-detached house	28,680	...	...	188,245	...	...
Row house	84,710	...	...	93,350	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	11,760	...	...	265,195	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	56,555	...	...	1,154,955	...	...
Other single-attached house	1,085	...	...	15,940	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	2,295	...	...	23,505	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	528,305	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
1 person	146,030	...	...	1,175,230	...	...
2 persons	186,755	...	...	1,227,765	...	...
3 persons	80,655	...	...	489,460	...	...
4 persons	74,420	...	...	426,250	...	...
5 or more persons	40,440	...	...	212,960	...	...
Number of persons in private households	1,280,925	...	...	7,965,455	...	...
Average household size	2.4	...	...	2.3	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	1,093,420	527,725	565,695	6,831,105	3,334,220	3,496,885
Married or living common law	632,850	316,200	316,645	3,844,145	1,924,750	1,919,395
Married	523,310	261,195	262,115	2,342,980	1,172,720	1,170,260
Living common law	109,535	55,010	54,530	1,501,160	752,025	749,135
Not married and not living common law	460,575	211,525	249,050	2,986,960	1,409,475	1,577,490
Never married	305,850	161,735	144,115	2,010,580	1,084,300	926,280
Separated	30,515	12,830	17,690	103,625	46,390	57,240
Divorced	64,970	24,770	40,200	483,195	194,430	288,760
Widowed	59,245	12,195	47,045	389,555	84,345	305,210
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	367,185	...	...	2,257,560	...	...
2 persons	188,495	...	...	1,204,955	...	...
3 persons	76,545	...	...	466,310	...	...
4 persons	71,525	...	...	412,160	...	...
5 or more persons	30,615	...	...	174,140	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	367,190	...	...	2,257,560	...	...
Total couple families	309,715	...	...	1,878,095	...	...
Married couples	254,970	...	...	1,128,355	...	...
Common-law couples	54,740	...	...	749,740	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	57,470	...	...	379,460	...	...
Female parent	45,205	...	...	284,900	...	...
Male parent	12,265	...	...	94,565	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	309,715	...	...	1,878,095	...	...
Couples without children	154,190	...	...	970,260	...	...
Couples with children	155,525	...	...	907,840	...	...
1 child	59,985	...	...	356,640	...	...
2 children	66,800	...	...	384,875	...	...
3 or more children	28,740	...	...	166,315	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	57,470	...	...	379,465	...	...
1 child	34,305	...	...	234,695	...	...
2 children	16,560	...	...	109,670	...	...
3 or more children	6,600	...	...	35,100	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	223,895	104,115	119,775	1,579,070	775,765	803,305
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	528,305	...	...	3,531,660	...	...
One-census-family households	351,225	...	...	2,197,340	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	147,595	...	...	947,305	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	203,625	...	...	1,250,040	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	7,860	...	...	29,595	...	...
Non-census-family households	169,220	...	...	1,304,725	...	...
One-person households	146,030	...	...	1,175,230	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	23,185	...	...	129,500	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	1,290,265	629,570	660,695	8,066,560	3,977,275	4,089,285
English only	780,650	394,930	385,725	372,445	187,595	184,860
French only	24,230	10,370	13,860	4,032,640	1,874,545	2,158,095
English and French	471,105	218,615	252,490	3,586,410	1,884,135	1,702,275
Neither English nor French	14,285	5,660	8,625	75,065	31,000	44,060
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	1,290,260	629,565	660,695	8,066,555	3,977,270	4,089,285
English	1,029,820	508,530	521,290	964,120	482,985	481,135
French	223,430	104,590	118,845	6,750,945	3,320,380	3,430,560
English and French	23,115	10,975	12,145	278,710	144,060	134,655
Neither English nor French	13,900	5,470	8,425	72,775	29,845	42,930
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	234,985	110,075	124,910	1,103,480	555,015	548,465
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	18.2	17.5	18.9	13.7	14.0	13.4
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	1,290,265	629,570	660,695	8,066,555	3,977,270	4,089,285
Single responses	1,251,055	610,960	640,100	7,881,650	3,884,675	3,996,975
Official languages	1,036,580	509,710	526,870	6,820,815	3,366,970	3,453,845
English	825,155	410,215	414,935	601,155	301,860	299,300
French	211,425	99,490	111,935	6,219,665	3,065,115	3,154,550
Non-official languages	214,475	101,250	113,230	1,060,830	517,700	543,125
Aboriginal languages	1,185	475	705	45,570	22,530	23,040
Algonquian languages	315	135	180	33,140	16,365	16,770
Blackfoot	0	0	0	5	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	170	75	95	31,430	15,575	15,855
Atikamekw	0	0	0	6,150	3,135	3,015
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	5	8,715	4,155	4,555
Moose Cree	5	0	0	0	5	0
Naskapi	10	5	0	590	285	305
Northern East Cree	25	15	10	135	55	80
Plains Cree	10	5	5	5	0	5
Southern East Cree	0	0	5	35	15	15
Swampy Cree	30	15	20	5	5	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	10	5	5
Cree, n.o.s.	80	35	45	15,790	7,920	7,875
Eastern Algonquian languages	25	10	10	485	225	260
Malecite	5	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	20	5	15	485	220	260
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	120	45	75	1,215	565	645
Algonquin	25	10	20	1,185	555	630
Ojibway	85	35	55	20	10	15
Oji-Cree	5	0	0	5	0	5
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	5	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	5	0	5
Athabaskan languages	10	0	10	15	10	5
Northern Athabaskan languages	5	0	5	15	10	5
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	10	0	5	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	5	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	10	5	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	375	130	240	11,970	5,955	6,015
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	340	120	220	11,895	5,925	5,970
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	75	25	45
Iroquoian languages	470	200	270	375	165	210
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	460	200	260	365	160	210
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	5	5	5
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	5	5	0	5	5	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	5	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	15	10	5	65	30	35
Non-Aboriginal languages	213,300	100,770	112,525	1,015,260	495,175	520,090
Afro-Asiatic languages	44,975	22,550	22,425	197,535	104,185	93,355
Berber languages	380	200	180	20,845	11,125	9,720
Kabyle	250	130	120	12,470	6,625	5,840
Berber languages, n.i.e.	125	65	60	8,375	4,500	3,875
Cushitic languages	6,660	2,875	3,785	1,125	545	580
Bilen	45	30	25	10	10	5
Oromo	220	125	95	15	10	5
Somali	6,305	2,685	3,620	1,075	515	560
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	90	45	50	30	20	10
Semitic languages	37,880	19,445	18,435	175,215	92,310	82,900
Amharic	1,465	690	775	745	340	405
Arabic	34,870	17,995	16,875	169,890	89,590	80,300
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	75	30	40	150	80	70
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	10	5	5	15	10	5
Harari	60	30	30	0	5	5
Hebrew	370	195	170	3,885	2,040	1,845
Maltese	45	20	25	25	10	15
Tigrigna	910	440	470	385	185	205
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	75	40	35	110	60	50
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	55	30	25	355	200	155
Austro-Asiatic languages	7,230	3,315	3,915	36,305	17,030	19,275
Khmer (Cambodian)	1,110	490	620	8,855	4,105	4,750
Vietnamese	6,110	2,820	3,285	27,425	12,920	14,505
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	5	5	5	25	10	15
Austronesian languages	8,180	2,925	5,255	21,635	7,800	13,835
Bikol	30	10	25	115	35	80
Cebuano	395	125	270	885	270	610
Fijian	5	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	115	35	75	410	125	275
Ilocano	585	230	355	2,060	745	1,315
Malagasy	60	30	30	1,250	590	660
Malay	420	170	250	705	265	440
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	25	10	15	205	90	110
Pangasinan	35	15	20	95	40	50
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	6,345	2,240	4,105	15,545	5,480	10,065
Waray-Waray	45	15	30	50	10	40
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	130	45	85	320	140	180
Creole languages	4,285	1,795	2,490	56,990	25,220	31,770
Haitian Creole	300	135	170	2,220	1,055	1,170
Creole, n.o.s.	3,800	1,575	2,220	53,785	23,675	30,110
Creole languages, n.i.e.	185	85	95	980	490	490
Dravidian languages	4,305	2,225	2,080	14,865	7,435	7,430
Kannada	225	120	110	240	130	110
Malayalam	690	360	325	440	235	205
Tamil	2,880	1,470	1,410	13,600	6,715	6,880
Telugu	495	270	225	570	345	230
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	15	10	5
Hmong-Mien languages	5	0	0	25	10	15
Indo-European languages	97,310	46,485	50,825	553,045	269,625	283,420
Albanian	665	330	335	2,795	1,420	1,370
Armenian	505	260	245	16,430	7,970	8,460
Balto-Slavic languages	21,810	9,780	12,035	68,155	30,960	37,195
Baltic languages	535	225	310	850	335	515
Latvian	295	130	165	290	120	175
Lithuanian	240	95	145	555	215	340
Slavic languages	21,280	9,555	11,720	67,310	30,630	36,675
Belarusan	40	20	20	80	45	35
Bosnian	615	280	335	1,620	805	815
Bulgarian	875	410	465	6,985	3,385	3,600
Croatian	1,075	495	575	2,330	1,165	1,170
Czech	1,070	490	585	1,465	690	775
Macedonian	65	30	40	205	105	95
Polish	6,075	2,735	3,345	13,935	6,065	7,865
Russian	6,390	2,780	3,605	28,565	12,715	15,850
Serbian	1,800	860	935	3,140	1,590	1,545
Serbo-Croatian	525	255	270	1,805	865	940
Slovak	630	285	345	1,040	455	585
Slovene (Slovenian)	240	95	140	755	350	405
Ukrainian	1,835	795	1,035	5,210	2,285	2,920
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	45	25	15	175	90	85
Celtic languages	145	65	80	155	95	60
Scottish Gaelic	55	30	25	20	15	10
Welsh	65	25	40	40	20	20
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	90	55	30
Germanic languages	13,500	6,330	7,165	27,540	13,280	14,260
Afrikaans	190	90	100	125	60	65
Danish	400	190	210	395	190	200
Dutch	4,145	2,010	2,130	2,825	1,395	1,430
Frisian	120	65	55	10	10	0
German	7,820	3,575	4,245	13,670	6,340	7,330
Icelandic	25	15	15	65	30	35
Norwegian	160	60	95	200	100	100
Swedish	310	155	155	555	255	300
Vlaams (Flemish)	120	55	65	540	240	300
Yiddish	190	105	80	8,985	4,560	4,420
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	175	100	75
Greek	2,540	1,350	1,195	38,635	19,435	19,205
Indo-Iranian languages	28,465	14,365	14,100	76,040	39,205	36,835
Indo-Aryan languages	19,615	9,910	9,705	45,845	23,875	21,970
Bengali	3,380	1,685	1,695	10,995	5,620	5,380
Gujarati	1,615	845	770	6,070	2,980	3,090
Hindi	2,940	1,505	1,440	3,030	1,635	1,390
Kashmiri	25	10	10	20	15	5
Konkani	110	55	50	110	60	55
Marathi	300	150	145	255	145	110
Nepali	935	445	490	1,505	740	765
Oriya (Odia)	40	25	15	35	20	15
Punjabi (Panjabi)	4,105	2,105	2,000	12,380	6,720	5,660
Sindhi	285	130	150	330	160	165
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	840	405	435	645	310	330
Urdu	5,040	2,550	2,495	10,470	5,460	5,010
Iranian languages	8,745	4,395	4,355	29,760	15,105	14,655
Kurdish	660	345	315	985	550	430
Pashto	1,090	550	540	1,285	680	610
Persian (Farsi)	6,990	3,500	3,495	27,490	13,875	13,615
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	100	60	45	440	225	210
Italic (Romance) languages	29,675	14,005	15,670	323,290	157,260	166,030
Catalan	30	15	15	320	170	150
Italian	9,725	4,860	4,865	104,600	51,705	52,895
Portuguese	4,490	2,105	2,390	36,770	17,735	19,035
Romanian	2,690	1,230	1,460	35,840	17,170	18,665
Spanish	12,710	5,780	6,925	145,635	70,405	75,235
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	125	75	50
Japanese	1,055	320	735	2,525	775	1,750
Kartvelian languages	35	10	20	170	80	85
Georgian	35	10	25	170	80	90
Korean	2,170	915	1,250	5,160	2,270	2,890
Mongolic languages	30	15	15	190	75	115
Mongolian	30	15	15	195	80	115
Niger-Congo languages	5,490	2,420	3,070	28,355	14,360	13,995
Akan (Twi)	365	180	185	1,050	520	525
Bamanankan	80	30	45	1,200	655	545
Edo	35	15	20	75	45	30
Ewe	75	25	50	730	400	325
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	105	45	55	2,055	1,080	970
Ga	60	35	30	80	40	40
Ganda	125	60	65	35	15	20
Igbo	195	95	90	120	70	50
Lingala	340	125	210	2,465	1,185	1,285
Rundi (Kirundi)	850	365	485	3,345	1,600	1,745
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	655	235	420	2,500	1,115	1,380
Shona	115	45	70	85	45	40
Swahili	1,125	500	625	3,010	1,460	1,545
Wolof	80	40	45	3,230	1,745	1,485
Yoruba	245	130	115	255	155	100
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	1,055	495	555	8,135	4,235	3,895
Nilo-Saharan languages	305	140	170	345	180	165
Dinka	90	45	45	5	5	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	220	95	125	335	170	165
Sign languages	280	135	145	1,330	700	630
American Sign Language	95	35	55	65	35	30
Quebec Sign Language	15	10	5	670	330	340
Sign languages, n.i.e	165	90	80	595	340	255
Sino-Tibetan languages	32,610	15,125	17,485	76,840	35,775	41,065
Chinese languages	31,795	14,730	17,065	76,490	35,600	40,895
Cantonese	10,370	4,875	5,490	24,375	11,505	12,875
Hakka	165	65	95	470	215	260
Mandarin	18,895	8,700	10,195	43,700	20,175	23,525
Min Dong	50	25	25	20	10	15
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	740	320	420	3,225	1,480	1,745
Wu (Shanghainese)	450	205	245	1,075	465	605
Chinese, n.o.s.	1,110	525	585	3,535	1,710	1,825
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	90	40	45
Tibeto-Burman languages	815	395	420	345	175	170
Burmese	225	120	110	80	30	50
Karenic languages	325	155	165	70	40	30
Tibetan	95	50	45	110	65	50
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	170	75	95	85	45	40
Tai-Kadai languages	735	255	485	4,895	2,185	2,710
Lao	360	165	200	4,115	1,995	2,120
Thai	375	90	285	765	180	585
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	5	0	10	5	10
Turkic languages	1,705	870	835	7,980	4,095	3,880
Azerbaijani	125	70	55	290	160	130
Turkish	1,440	735	700	7,155	3,685	3,470
Uyghur	10	5	5	205	100	105
Uzbek	65	30	40	145	70	75
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	65	30	35	185	80	105
Uralic languages	2,440	1,185	1,260	6,400	2,985	3,410
Estonian	185	95	90	195	75	120
Finnish	365	155	210	360	125	240
Hungarian	1,885	935	950	5,835	2,790	3,045
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	5
Other languages, n.i.e.	150	85	65	685	385	300
Multiple responses	39,205	18,610	20,595	184,905	92,600	92,310
English and French	16,445	7,785	8,660	72,395	36,695	35,695
English and non-official language	16,205	7,825	8,385	27,485	13,545	13,945
French and non-official language	4,000	1,825	2,175	67,075	33,110	33,970
English, French and non-official language	2,550	1,175	1,375	17,950	9,245	8,705
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	1,290,260	629,570	660,695	8,066,560	3,977,270	4,089,285
Single responses	1,226,575	599,570	627,000	7,743,740	3,819,315	3,924,425
Official languages	1,122,855	550,665	572,190	7,157,850	3,536,165	3,621,685
English	972,475	480,455	492,020	782,185	391,125	391,060
French	150,380	70,210	80,170	6,375,665	3,145,040	3,230,625
Non-official languages	103,715	48,910	54,810	585,890	283,150	302,735
Aboriginal languages	355	150	200	40,190	20,205	19,980
Algonquian languages	75	35	40	28,695	14,385	14,310
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	55	25	35	28,110	14,105	14,005
Atikamekw	0	0	0	5,465	2,825	2,640
Montagnais (Innu)	5	0	5	7,375	3,590	3,790
Moose Cree	5	0	0	5	5	0
Naskapi	5	5	0	590	295	290
Northern East Cree	10	5	10	60	30	30
Plains Cree	0	0	0	5	0	0
Southern East Cree	5	0	0	15	5	10
Swampy Cree	5	0	5	5	5	5
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	5	0
Cree, n.o.s.	30	15	15	14,590	7,355	7,235
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	220	115	110
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	220	110	105
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	20	10	10	370	170	200
Algonquin	0	0	0	360	165	195
Ojibway	20	15	5	5	5	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	5
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	5	5	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	135	55	80	11,375	5,770	5,615
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	5	0	0	0	5	0
Inuktitut	115	50	75	11,350	5,750	5,600
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	20	15	10
Iroquoian languages	135	60	75	70	35	35
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	135	55	75	70	35	30
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	5	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	5	5	5
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	35	10	25
Non-Aboriginal languages	103,365	48,755	54,610	545,695	262,940	282,755
Afro-Asiatic languages	24,940	11,985	12,950	91,660	46,550	45,110
Berber languages	225	110	110	7,495	3,895	3,605
Kabyle	185	90	95	5,105	2,660	2,450
Berber languages, n.i.e.	40	20	20	2,390	1,235	1,150
Cushitic languages	3,855	1,580	2,275	535	240	295
Bilen	30	15	15	5	0	5
Oromo	130	70	60	5	0	0
Somali	3,645	1,475	2,165	520	230	290
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	55	20	30	5	5	5
Semitic languages	20,850	10,295	10,555	83,520	42,365	41,160
Amharic	850	400	450	340	150	185
Arabic	19,365	9,585	9,780	81,105	41,150	39,955
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	40	15	20	95	50	45
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	5	10	0	5
Harari	20	10	10	5	0	5
Hebrew	135	75	55	1,705	880	825
Maltese	5	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	425	200	225	205	95	105
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	60	25	35
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	10	105	50	55
Austro-Asiatic languages	4,260	1,950	2,310	24,980	11,675	13,305
Khmer (Cambodian)	465	200	260	5,180	2,370	2,805
Vietnamese	3,790	1,750	2,045	19,790	9,295	10,495
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	5	0	5	15	5	10
Austronesian languages	3,425	1,430	1,995	9,715	3,960	5,750
Bikol	0	0	0	15	5	10
Cebuano	125	50	70	230	100	125
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	45	15	25	130	55	75
Ilocano	230	110	120	740	305	435
Malagasy	20	10	5	360	185	170
Malay	125	50	70	175	85	95
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	60	30	30
Pangasinan	10	5	5	10	5	10
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	2,820	1,160	1,660	7,905	3,150	4,760
Waray-Waray	15	5	10	15	10	10
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	40	20	20	75	35	35
Creole languages	1,865	765	1,105	20,705	8,780	11,925
Haitian Creole	155	70	90	855	380	475
Creole, n.o.s.	1,645	665	980	19,405	8,200	11,210
Creole languages, n.i.e.	70	35	40	440	200	240
Dravidian languages	2,185	1,090	1,095	11,400	5,595	5,805
Kannada	80	40	35	150	85	65
Malayalam	290	150	140	200	100	100
Tamil	1,610	790	825	10,720	5,215	5,500
Telugu	195	105	90	330	190	135
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	10	5	5
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	15	5	5
Indo-European languages	39,895	18,945	20,950	303,215	146,100	157,115
Albanian	305	145	160	1,615	795	820
Armenian	220	105	120	11,990	5,680	6,310
Balto-Slavic languages	9,285	4,370	4,915	40,405	19,085	21,325
Baltic languages	115	50	65	190	80	105
Latvian	65	25	40	75	40	40
Lithuanian	50	25	25	115	40	70
Slavic languages	9,165	4,320	4,845	40,220	19,000	21,220
Belarusan	20	10	10	25	15	15
Bosnian	315	155	155	965	475	495
Bulgarian	420	200	220	5,125	2,495	2,630
Croatian	335	155	185	1,015	475	545
Czech	260	130	135	460	220	240
Macedonian	15	5	5	130	65	65
Polish	2,110	975	1,135	5,970	2,695	3,270
Russian	3,710	1,735	1,980	20,680	9,775	10,900
Serbian	1,040	520	525	2,010	1,020	990
Serbo-Croatian	200	105	100	960	470	490
Slovak	200	95	110	245	120	130
Slovene (Slovenian)	20	10	10	225	95	135
Ukrainian	520	240	280	2,365	1,060	1,300
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	40	15	25
Celtic languages	10	10	5	30	20	10
Scottish Gaelic	5	5	5	5	5	0
Welsh	0	0	0	10	10	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	15	15	5
Germanic languages	1,600	770	835	9,890	4,980	4,905
Afrikaans	55	25	30	15	10	10
Danish	30	10	15	50	25	25
Dutch	285	140	150	375	170	205
Frisian	5	5	0	0	0	0
German	1,135	535	600	2,550	1,190	1,365
Icelandic	0	0	0	30	15	20
Norwegian	15	5	10	20	5	10
Swedish	55	35	15	105	50	60
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	5	5	70	35	40
Yiddish	15	5	10	6,665	3,485	3,180
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5
Greek	770	360	405	18,545	8,865	9,680
Indo-Iranian languages	15,600	7,615	7,985	53,555	26,845	26,710
Indo-Aryan languages	10,380	5,135	5,250	31,575	15,985	15,585
Bengali	2,020	975	1,045	8,180	4,055	4,125
Gujarati	700	360	340	3,840	1,860	1,985
Hindi	1,310	660	655	1,535	790	745
Kashmiri	5	0	0	5	0	0
Konkani	35	15	20	30	15	15
Marathi	115	50	65	80	40	40
Nepali	735	360	375	1,355	655	700
Oriya (Odia)	10	5	5	15	10	5
Punjabi (Panjabi)	2,295	1,160	1,130	8,840	4,690	4,155
Sindhi	70	30	45	135	65	75
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	390	190	200	365	185	180
Urdu	2,690	1,325	1,370	7,180	3,620	3,565
Iranian languages	5,195	2,465	2,725	21,745	10,740	11,010
Kurdish	375	195	180	510	280	235
Pashto	695	330	360	925	460	465
Persian (Farsi)	4,125	1,940	2,185	20,310	10,005	10,305
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	235	120	120
Italic (Romance) languages	12,110	5,575	6,535	167,190	79,835	87,355
Catalan	20	5	10	110	50	60
Italian	2,590	1,160	1,435	32,935	14,595	18,340
Portuguese	1,895	885	1,005	17,260	8,250	9,005
Romanian	1,245	580	660	24,520	12,000	12,525
Spanish	6,355	2,935	3,415	92,330	44,920	47,415
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	35	20	15
Japanese	405	140	265	1,050	425	620
Kartvelian languages	10	0	5	70	35	35
Georgian	5	5	0	70	40	35
Korean	1,205	555	650	3,540	1,630	1,910
Mongolic languages	15	10	5	145	70	75
Mongolian	15	10	5	145	70	75
Niger-Congo languages	1,485	665	825	7,250	3,450	3,800
Akan (Twi)	125	60	65	445	215	235
Bamanankan	15	5	10	265	135	125
Edo	0	0	0	10	5	5
Ewe	20	10	10	140	60	80
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	25	10	10	530	255	280
Ga	15	5	5	15	5	10
Ganda	30	10	15	5	5	5
Igbo	55	25	25	15	10	10
Lingala	70	25	45	625	270	355
Rundi (Kirundi)	265	130	135	1,110	510	600
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	230	80	150	530	225	305
Shona	25	10	5	20	10	10
Swahili	385	175	205	1,100	535	565
Wolof	35	15	20	1,035	555	480
Yoruba	50	25	25	55	25	25
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	150	65	80	1,350	635	710
Nilo-Saharan languages	80	35	45	135	70	65
Dinka	30	15	10	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	55	20	35	130	65	65
Sign languages	415	210	200	1,770	1,000	775
American Sign Language	125	60	70	90	35	50
Quebec Sign Language	20	10	15	700	360	340
Sign languages, n.i.e	265	140	125	985	600	385
Sino-Tibetan languages	21,420	10,140	11,280	60,370	28,925	31,450
Chinese languages	20,840	9,865	10,975	60,155	28,805	31,345
Cantonese	5,955	2,750	3,210	17,845	8,470	9,375
Hakka	55	15	35	155	75	80
Mandarin	13,645	6,530	7,120	37,075	17,870	19,200
Min Dong	10	5	5	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	290	120	170	1,830	830	1,000
Wu (Shanghainese)	250	120	135	780	355	420
Chinese, n.o.s.	635	330	305	2,435	1,190	1,240
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	40	20	20
Tibeto-Burman languages	580	275	305	215	115	100
Burmese	150	70	80	35	15	20
Karenic languages	250	120	125	65	40	30
Tibetan	70	35	30	70	45	30
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	110	45	60	40	20	20
Tai-Kadai languages	275	105	170	2,375	1,145	1,230
Lao	175	75	100	2,150	1,055	1,100
Thai	100	30	65	225	90	135
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	880	430	450	5,120	2,540	2,575
Azerbaijani	55	25	25	100	50	55
Turkish	775	375	400	4,715	2,340	2,370
Uyghur	5	0	0	140	75	70
Uzbek	35	20	20	105	50	55
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	20	15	5	65	30	35
Uralic languages	570	265	305	2,025	895	1,130
Estonian	25	10	15	30	10	20
Finnish	40	15	20	50	20	30
Hungarian	510	240	270	1,945	860	1,085
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	35	20	15	150	90	60
Multiple responses	63,685	29,995	33,695	322,820	157,960	164,860
English and French	16,465	7,575	8,895	86,715	43,820	42,890
English and non-official language	38,890	18,730	20,165	54,400	26,255	28,140
French and non-official language	3,430	1,460	1,970	139,385	66,610	72,775
English, French and non-official language	4,890	2,230	2,660	42,320	21,270	21,045
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	1,290,260	629,570	660,695	8,066,555	3,977,275	4,089,285
None	1,022,345	504,475	517,870	6,825,240	3,356,340	3,468,900
English	104,095	49,350	54,745	513,410	263,670	249,735
French	81,615	37,515	44,100	320,370	158,340	162,030
Non-official language	72,705	33,895	38,810	317,790	154,450	163,340
Aboriginal	795	325	470	5,700	2,645	3,060
Non-Aboriginal	71,910	33,570	38,340	312,085	151,810	160,280
English and French	2,725	1,285	1,445	36,235	18,285	17,955
English and non-official language	2,590	1,215	1,375	28,630	14,075	14,555
French and non-official language	4,090	1,780	2,305	23,470	11,365	12,095
English, French and non-official language	90	50	45	1,420	740	680
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	1,068,405	517,455	550,945	6,634,295	3,260,155	3,374,145
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	1,024,135	496,175	527,955	6,417,615	3,160,595	3,257,020
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	39,244	45,394	34,252	32,975	37,842	28,522
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	1,024,515	496,225	528,290	6,419,175	3,160,780	3,258,400
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	35,031	39,940	30,991	29,535	33,110	26,119
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	925,315	455,660	469,655	5,685,690	2,866,470	2,819,220
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	38,735	45,342	32,838	30,067	35,597	25,012
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	719,730	321,760	397,970	4,973,245	2,300,800	2,672,445
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	4,758	3,006	5,640	7,307	5,851	8,246
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	755,435	383,520	371,910	4,627,795	2,408,420	2,219,370
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	38,202	43,077	33,906	31,263	35,627	27,219
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	1,068,405	517,440	550,965	6,634,280	3,260,040	3,374,245
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	1,024,165	496,050	528,120	6,417,010	3,159,415	3,257,595
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	51,139	58,668	44,067	42,546	49,087	36,203
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	1,024,570	496,070	528,495	6,418,440	3,159,550	3,258,890
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	42,043	47,391	37,023	34,887	39,292	30,616
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	925,445	455,415	470,030	5,685,905	2,866,415	2,819,485
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	50,843	59,061	42,880	40,505	47,810	33,079
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	719,720	321,675	398,045	4,972,650	2,299,595	2,673,050
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,395	6,853	7,833	8,590	7,846	9,229
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	755,430	382,920	372,515	4,627,775	2,408,655	2,219,120
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	49,503	56,094	42,728	40,382	45,974	34,313
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	1,068,405	517,440	550,965	6,634,280	3,260,040	3,374,240
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	384,140	209,230	174,910	2,036,965	1,114,940	922,025
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	61,057	65,412	56,694	47,111	51,622	42,433
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	70,327	76,585	62,842	56,564	62,750	49,085
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	89.8	92.4	86.6	84.4	88.3	79.1
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	71.3	73.5	68.4	68.4	71.4	64.6
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	10.2	7.6	13.4	15.6	11.7	20.9
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	1,068,405	517,455	550,945	6,634,295	3,260,155	3,374,140
Without total income	44,270	21,280	22,995	216,685	99,555	117,125
With total income	1,024,135	496,180	527,955	6,417,615	3,160,595	3,257,020
Percentage with total income	95.9	95.9	95.8	96.7	96.9	96.5
Under $10,000 (including loss)	134,680	60,355	74,330	789,595	351,935	437,660
$10,000 to $19,999	160,620	65,870	94,755	1,188,135	476,630	711,500
$20,000 to $29,999	121,075	51,245	69,825	976,210	428,390	547,830
$30,000 to $39,999	103,340	45,915	57,425	852,735	414,105	438,625
$40,000 to $49,999	96,360	44,460	51,900	747,995	378,215	369,780
$50,000 to $59,999	83,580	40,625	42,955	540,265	292,110	248,150
$60,000 to $69,999	71,180	36,680	34,500	375,935	214,805	161,130
$70,000 to $79,999	55,860	30,370	25,490	286,025	164,240	121,790
$80,000 to $89,999	46,960	25,965	20,995	189,350	113,715	75,635
$90,000 to $99,999	40,795	22,020	18,775	122,750	80,090	42,660
$100,000 and over	109,680	72,670	37,005	348,620	246,360	102,255
$100,000 to $149,999	78,485	50,025	28,460	236,515	164,145	72,370
$150,000 and over	31,190	22,650	8,545	112,105	82,215	29,885
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	1,068,405	517,460	550,950	6,634,295	3,260,150	3,374,140
Without after-tax income	43,890	21,235	22,655	215,120	99,375	115,750
With after-tax income	1,024,515	496,225	528,290	6,419,175	3,160,780	3,258,395
Percentage with after-tax income	95.9	95.9	95.9	96.8	97.0	96.6
Under $10,000 (including loss)	140,715	61,590	79,125	822,725	359,045	463,675
$10,000 to $19,999	167,310	69,085	98,225	1,246,480	505,165	741,315
$20,000 to $29,999	140,305	60,365	79,940	1,192,885	541,080	651,810
$30,000 to $39,999	126,395	57,435	68,960	1,096,510	553,200	543,315
$40,000 to $49,999	114,985	54,740	60,245	793,150	425,040	368,115
$50,000 to $59,999	94,245	48,400	45,845	498,475	283,130	215,345
$60,000 to $69,999	71,435	39,420	32,015	309,415	180,470	128,945
$70,000 to $79,999	57,830	31,845	25,985	167,895	108,500	59,395
$80,000 and over	111,300	73,345	37,950	291,635	205,155	86,485
$80,000 to $89,999	39,825	23,780	16,050	95,010	64,670	30,335
$90,000 to $99,999	22,995	15,105	7,885	55,980	39,080	16,905
$100,000 and over	48,475	34,465	14,010	140,645	101,405	39,240
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	1,068,405	517,455	550,950	6,634,295	3,260,155	3,374,145
Without employment income	312,970	133,935	179,035	2,006,505	851,730	1,154,775
With employment income	755,430	383,520	371,910	4,627,790	2,408,420	2,219,375
Percentage with employment income	70.7	74.1	67.5	69.8	73.9	65.8
Under $5,000 (including loss)	98,645	48,695	49,950	606,300	311,780	294,520
$5,000 to $9,999	57,170	25,615	31,560	367,030	162,150	204,885
$10,000 to $19,999	92,395	41,745	50,655	681,920	305,995	375,920
$20,000 to $29,999	73,645	34,000	39,645	586,140	269,950	316,195
$30,000 to $39,999	67,775	32,060	35,715	565,425	277,135	288,285
$40,000 to $49,999	64,035	30,445	33,590	476,665	247,105	229,560
$50,000 to $59,999	58,025	28,210	29,820	359,180	203,580	155,600
$60,000 to $69,999	49,640	25,515	24,130	266,650	156,255	110,395
$70,000 to $79,999	39,445	21,460	17,985	224,040	129,890	94,150
$80,000 and over	154,650	95,785	58,860	494,440	344,585	149,855
$80,000 to $89,999	37,405	20,250	17,150	139,830	90,295	49,540
$90,000 to $99,999	33,595	18,115	15,485	93,860	64,160	29,700
$100,000 and over	83,650	57,420	26,230	260,745	190,125	70,620
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	528,305	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	80,301	...	...	59,822	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	69,423	...	...	52,207	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	146,030	...	...	1,175,230	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	42,318	...	...	31,574	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	37,295	...	...	28,469	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	382,270	...	...	2,356,430	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	99,098	...	...	78,645	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	85,240	...	...	67,665	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	528,305	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	99,137	...	...	77,306	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	81,536	...	...	63,404	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	146,050	...	...	1,174,695	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	52,335	...	...	40,042	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	43,038	...	...	33,262	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	382,250	...	...	2,356,970	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	117,020	...	...	95,878	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	96,246	...	...	78,426	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	528,305	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
Under $5,000	7,725	...	...	47,170	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	6,650	...	...	56,315	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	13,535	...	...	119,570	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	17,925	...	...	180,865	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	17,370	...	...	179,690	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	17,225	...	...	154,150	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	18,305	...	...	185,000	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	18,665	...	...	184,435	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	18,980	...	...	179,855	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	18,710	...	...	170,445	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	37,200	...	...	313,600	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	36,680	...	...	273,620	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	34,135	...	...	241,940	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	32,565	...	...	208,620	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	30,320	...	...	176,355	...	...
$100,000 and over	202,320	...	...	860,030	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	60,890	...	...	327,435	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	43,895	...	...	204,105	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	53,260	...	...	192,155	...	...
$200,000 and over	44,275	...	...	136,335	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	528,300	...	...	3,531,660	...	...
Under $5,000	8,230	...	...	50,445	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	6,775	...	...	57,335	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	13,735	...	...	120,860	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	18,655	...	...	190,300	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	19,420	...	...	202,905	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	19,415	...	...	187,365	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	21,545	...	...	231,765	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	22,745	...	...	225,695	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	23,405	...	...	211,990	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	23,335	...	...	202,760	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	46,250	...	...	363,775	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	43,115	...	...	309,825	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	40,780	...	...	256,150	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	36,705	...	...	208,765	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	31,330	...	...	166,295	...	...
$100,000 and over	152,875	...	...	545,440	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	59,070	...	...	269,170	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	38,795	...	...	130,225	...	...
$150,000 and over	55,005	...	...	146,045	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	364,840	...	...	2,261,890	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	100,314	...	...	79,378	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	86,047	...	...	68,152	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	144,295	...	...	930,195	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	92,074	...	...	70,075	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	79,193	...	...	60,224	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	156,455	...	...	911,980	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	128,890	...	...	105,246	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	108,934	...	...	88,844	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	4.0	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	53,925	...	...	364,085	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	57,994	...	...	52,708	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	53,035	...	...	47,805	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	364,860	...	...	2,262,045	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	118,406	...	...	96,863	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	97,149	...	...	79,060	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	144,365	...	...	929,645	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	109,150	...	...	86,304	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	89,098	...	...	70,167	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	156,355	...	...	912,560	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	145,594	...	...	122,835	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	118,531	...	...	99,279	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	53,865	...	...	363,610	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	68,415	...	...	61,753	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	59,337	...	...	53,052	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	197,805	93,510	104,295	1,433,210	711,180	722,030
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	35,958	35,546	36,290	29,195	31,526	27,210
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	32,419	31,894	32,836	26,706	28,214	25,434
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	197,190	92,925	104,265	1,430,625	708,225	722,405
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	46,520	47,036	46,061	37,684	39,840	35,571
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	38,697	38,751	38,649	31,513	32,729	30,321
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	1,280,925	625,630	655,295	7,965,455	3,941,475	4,023,970
In the bottom half of the distribution	533,790	254,825	278,960	4,577,885	2,216,770	2,361,115
In the bottom decile	118,940	58,140	60,800	747,785	368,385	379,395
In the second decile	107,085	49,195	57,890	898,605	408,705	489,900
In the third decile	98,505	46,820	51,680	997,185	481,975	515,210
In the fourth decile	100,120	48,015	52,110	996,230	490,275	505,960
In the fifth decile	109,140	52,650	56,490	938,080	467,425	470,655
In the top half of the distribution	747,130	370,805	376,330	3,387,565	1,724,710	1,662,855
In the sixth decile	119,780	58,225	61,560	881,640	444,865	436,775
In the seventh decile	132,115	64,815	67,305	806,685	409,470	397,220
In the eighth decile	149,505	74,150	75,355	700,450	357,000	343,455
In the ninth decile	174,810	87,145	87,665	557,160	286,195	270,960
In the top decile	170,925	86,470	84,450	441,630	227,185	214,445
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	1,279,500	624,970	654,530	7,921,505	3,919,560	4,001,945
0 to 17 years	256,865	130,880	125,985	1,564,410	800,455	763,960
0 to 5 years	80,745	41,140	39,605	532,410	272,790	259,625
18 to 64 years	817,780	398,835	418,945	5,021,875	2,498,900	2,522,980
65 years and over	204,855	95,255	109,600	1,335,220	620,210	715,010
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	165,325	77,805	87,515	1,160,190	542,405	617,785
0 to 17 years	42,300	21,870	20,430	222,955	114,410	108,540
0 to 5 years	14,410	7,530	6,885	75,270	38,595	36,670
18 to 64 years	101,295	47,460	53,830	688,130	334,825	353,305
65 years and over	21,735	8,480	13,255	249,110	93,170	155,930
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	12.9	12.4	13.4	14.6	13.8	15.4
0 to 17 years (%)	16.5	16.7	16.2	14.3	14.3	14.2
0 to 5 years (%)	17.8	18.3	17.4	14.1	14.1	14.1
18 to 64 years (%)	12.4	11.9	12.8	13.7	13.4	14.0
65 years and over (%)	10.6	8.9	12.1	18.7	15.0	21.8
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	116,760	57,030	59,735	731,340	358,085	373,260
0 to 17 years	26,470	13,630	12,835	129,325	66,400	62,925
0 to 5 years	9,130	4,770	4,360	44,375	22,705	21,675
18 to 64 years	81,100	39,865	41,235	514,540	261,485	253,060
65 years and over	9,195	3,530	5,665	87,475	30,205	57,270
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	9.1	9.1	9.1	9.2	9.1	9.3
0 to 17 years (%)	10.3	10.4	10.2	8.3	8.3	8.2
0 to 5 years (%)	11.3	11.6	11.0	8.3	8.3	8.3
18 to 64 years (%)	9.9	10.0	9.8	10.2	10.5	10.0
65 years and over (%)	4.5	3.7	5.2	6.6	4.9	8.0
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	1,280,925	625,630	655,295	7,965,450	3,941,440	4,024,015
Official languages	1,266,705	620,015	646,685	7,891,110	3,911,220	3,979,890
English	1,243,200	610,095	633,100	3,930,690	2,058,470	1,872,225
French	492,145	226,905	265,230	7,522,350	3,725,145	3,797,200
Non-official languages	297,100	139,165	157,940	1,610,980	776,265	834,720
Aboriginal languages	2,055	825	1,230	50,890	25,190	25,700
Algonquian languages	575	235	340	37,515	18,545	18,965
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	220	85	135	34,415	17,050	17,370
Atikamekw	0	0	0	6,640	3,335	3,305
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	9,850	4,735	5,115
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	10	0
Naskapi	20	10	10	775	385	385
Northern East Cree	30	10	10	260	130	130
Plains Cree	10	0	10	10	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	35	25	10
Swampy Cree	55	20	35	15	0	10
Woods Cree	20	10	15	10	10	0
Cree, n.o.s.	90	35	55	17,175	8,600	8,575
Eastern Algonquian languages	50	30	20	885	460	420
Malecite	10	10	0	10	0	0
Mi'kmaq	40	25	20	880	460	425
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	305	115	185	2,340	1,105	1,235
Algonquin	70	35	35	2,240	1,055	1,185
Ojibway	215	80	135	105	50	50
Oji-Cree	15	10	10	10	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	10	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	20	10
Athabaskan languages	20	0	20	20	10	10
Northern Athabaskan languages	20	0	15	20	15	10
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	10	0	10	0	0	0
Dene	15	0	10	10	0	10
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	10
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	10	10	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	10	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	635	240	395	12,595	6,270	6,330
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	10	0	10	0	0	0
Inuktitut	580	225	355	12,485	6,210	6,270
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	50	15	35	115	60	60
Iroquoian languages	825	345	475	740	360	375
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	810	345	470	690	350	335
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	50	15	35
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	30	15	10
Salish languages	0	0	10	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	10	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	10	0	0	10
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	10	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	10	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	10	90	40	55
Non-Aboriginal languages	295,135	138,385	156,750	1,560,375	751,215	809,160
Afro-Asiatic languages	62,485	31,325	31,165	301,035	157,545	143,490
Berber languages	540	285	255	27,595	14,650	12,945
Kabyle	420	220	195	16,170	8,580	7,590
Berber languages, n.i.e.	120	60	60	11,580	6,150	5,425
Cushitic languages	9,300	4,165	5,140	1,550	745	805
Bilen	90	55	35	35	20	10
Oromo	380	170	205	45	30	10
Somali	8,770	3,900	4,875	1,460	680	780
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	135	55	85	10	10	0
Semitic languages	53,645	27,350	26,295	286,625	149,970	136,660
Amharic	1,995	940	1,055	1,145	540	600
Arabic	48,950	25,110	23,840	267,965	140,280	127,685
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	80	35	50	195	95	95
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	10	0	0
Harari	40	25	15	0	0	0
Hebrew	1,960	1,030	930	18,035	9,490	8,540
Maltese	80	30	50	40	10	25
Tigrigna	1,185	495	700	420	195	225
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	240	150	85	180	85	95
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	135	65	70	810	430	380
Austro-Asiatic languages	8,860	4,175	4,685	46,050	21,955	24,095
Khmer (Cambodian)	1,540	695	840	11,840	5,620	6,220
Vietnamese	7,365	3,505	3,865	34,580	16,520	18,060
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	40	25	15
Austronesian languages	10,720	3,925	6,795	31,230	11,820	19,410
Bikol	40	10	25	105	45	60
Cebuano	590	210	380	1,105	360	750
Fijian	10	0	10	15	0	10
Hiligaynon	170	55	115	540	195	350
Ilocano	745	305	440	2,500	890	1,610
Malagasy	105	55	50	1,980	940	1,040
Malay	645	285	365	1,210	525	690
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	65	20	45	195	95	100
Pangasinan	65	30	35	60	20	40
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	9,605	3,440	6,165	26,705	9,785	16,915
Waray-Waray	40	10	30	55	10	45
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	110	50	60	540	270	275
Creole languages	9,615	4,050	5,565	115,445	51,970	63,475
Haitian Creole	475	180	295	4,910	2,285	2,620
Creole, n.o.s.	8,535	3,595	4,940	108,315	48,615	59,705
Creole languages, n.i.e.	650	285	365	2,835	1,390	1,445
Dravidian languages	5,580	2,835	2,745	18,710	9,495	9,210
Kannada	480	235	240	415	210	205
Malayalam	850	390	460	510	285	220
Tamil	3,825	1,965	1,860	17,245	8,680	8,565
Telugu	795	420	370	930	540	390
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	30	20	10	15	10	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	35	15	25
Indo-European languages	145,855	68,520	77,330	912,945	435,785	477,155
Albanian	795	385	405	3,375	1,730	1,645
Armenian	695	365	330	20,290	9,790	10,500
Balto-Slavic languages	26,310	12,060	14,250	88,425	41,725	46,700
Baltic languages	625	270	355	1,080	500	585
Latvian	325	130	200	335	150	185
Lithuanian	305	145	155	755	350	410
Slavic languages	25,785	11,820	13,960	87,520	41,315	46,205
Belarusan	125	60	65	365	150	215
Bosnian	1,025	475	555	1,975	990	985
Bulgarian	1,065	490	575	7,345	3,595	3,750
Croatian	1,940	965	975	3,580	1,760	1,820
Czech	1,515	660	850	2,070	975	1,095
Macedonian	105	40	65	285	140	145
Polish	7,165	3,285	3,880	17,760	8,090	9,665
Russian	9,590	4,410	5,185	46,665	22,265	24,400
Serbian	2,165	1,055	1,110	4,050	1,980	2,070
Serbo-Croatian	570	295	275	2,385	1,140	1,245
Slovak	980	420	570	1,520	705	820
Slovene (Slovenian)	295	130	160	970	490	480
Ukrainian	2,510	1,065	1,445	9,015	3,885	5,135
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	60	20	40	150	75	75
Celtic languages	465	210	255	495	305	195
Scottish Gaelic	185	85	100	155	95	65
Welsh	110	35	65	85	45	40
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	180	90	90	265	175	95
Germanic languages	22,825	10,810	12,020	63,370	31,835	31,530
Afrikaans	485	245	235	415	260	150
Danish	530	240	285	835	410	420
Dutch	4,855	2,240	2,610	5,060	2,665	2,395
Frisian	165	75	90	15	10	0
German	15,940	7,615	8,330	43,475	21,950	21,530
Icelandic	55	25	30	140	80	60
Norwegian	395	155	240	510	255	255
Swedish	710	340	365	1,580	785	795
Vlaams (Flemish)	125	70	60	760	265	495
Yiddish	410	210	200	12,375	6,225	6,155
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	30	20	15	270	125	140
Greek	3,650	1,875	1,770	51,060	25,520	25,540
Indo-Iranian languages	37,370	18,925	18,445	93,655	48,040	45,615
Indo-Aryan languages	27,590	14,010	13,585	59,570	30,870	28,700
Bengali	4,490	2,310	2,185	12,870	6,610	6,260
Gujarati	2,480	1,325	1,155	7,950	3,860	4,090
Hindi	10,660	5,500	5,160	15,570	8,285	7,280
Kashmiri	10	10	0	45	35	15
Konkani	145	80	65	150	70	75
Marathi	580	320	265	475	240	230
Nepali	1,280	645	635	1,445	725	720
Oriya (Odia)	75	40	30	55	35	20
Punjabi (Panjabi)	6,690	3,465	3,225	17,860	9,690	8,165
Sindhi	520	230	290	500	240	255
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	1,105	500	600	1,335	625	710
Urdu	8,140	4,075	4,065	16,545	8,655	7,890
Iranian languages	10,330	5,220	5,110	35,420	17,830	17,585
Kurdish	755	400	355	1,255	665	590
Pashto	1,465	795	675	1,825	1,005	825
Persian (Farsi)	8,890	4,455	4,435	32,965	16,560	16,405
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	200	120	85	845	425	420
Italic (Romance) languages	59,585	26,685	32,905	627,545	293,620	333,920
Catalan	80	40	45	890	525	365
Italian	16,735	7,985	8,745	173,710	84,430	89,275
Portuguese	6,525	3,200	3,325	55,100	27,620	27,475
Romanian	2,985	1,405	1,580	42,655	20,550	22,110
Spanish	36,760	15,725	21,030	390,355	177,610	212,745
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	140	75	65	490	345	145
Japanese	2,705	1,290	1,410	7,040	3,340	3,695
Kartvelian languages	45	20	25	220	110	110
Georgian	45	15	30	215	105	110
Korean	2,705	1,160	1,545	6,260	2,825	3,430
Mongolic languages	40	25	20	270	135	130
Mongolian	40	20	20	265	135	130
Niger-Congo languages	10,840	4,810	6,035	52,840	26,665	26,175
Akan (Twi)	630	330	300	1,800	945	855
Bamanankan	160	75	85	2,385	1,240	1,145
Edo	95	40	60	190	95	95
Ewe	205	85	125	1,410	865	545
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	165	65	95	3,400	1,785	1,620
Ga	170	90	85	315	155	160
Ganda	220	75	145	90	40	55
Igbo	320	170	145	275	190	90
Lingala	1,775	740	1,030	9,630	4,430	5,200
Rundi (Kirundi)	1,600	655	945	4,490	2,210	2,285
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	975	360	615	3,535	1,640	1,895
Shona	175	60	115	150	75	80
Swahili	3,120	1,370	1,750	8,015	4,080	3,935
Wolof	210	115	95	6,555	3,545	3,015
Yoruba	770	405	365	885	485	395
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	2,380	1,095	1,285	17,720	9,125	8,595
Nilo-Saharan languages	320	140	185	695	345	350
Dinka	190	85	105	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	135	55	80	695	345	350
Sign languages	2,270	850	1,420	7,775	3,095	4,675
American Sign Language	1,115	370	745	675	245	435
Quebec Sign Language	190	55	140	4,405	1,590	2,815
Sign languages, n.i.e.	1,025	445	580	2,960	1,350	1,605
Sino-Tibetan languages	37,235	17,600	19,630	90,460	42,695	47,770
Chinese languages	36,350	17,180	19,170	90,060	42,480	47,580
Cantonese	12,955	6,160	6,790	31,885	14,900	16,980
Hakka	270	125	140	545	240	310
Mandarin	24,965	11,505	13,450	59,240	27,560	31,685
Min Dong	40	15	25	15	10	10
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	1,065	475	585	4,215	1,860	2,350
Wu (Shanghainese)	420	205	220	1,230	535	690
Chinese, n.o.s.	1,155	625	530	4,800	2,380	2,425
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	90	40	55
Tibeto-Burman languages	920	440	480	430	235	195
Burmese	305	145	160	140	75	60
Karenic languages	370	180	185	105	55	45
Tibetan	50	30	25	65	50	10
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	360	155	210	140	65	80
Tai-Kadai languages	1,090	435	655	7,280	3,400	3,880
Lao	480	210	270	5,785	2,850	2,935
Thai	690	255	435	2,255	875	1,375
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	10
Turkic languages	2,565	1,270	1,290	12,475	6,265	6,210
Azerbaijani	140	80	60	510	275	235
Turkish	2,205	1,105	1,100	11,415	5,755	5,665
Uyghur	40	25	10	230	110	120
Uzbek	75	20	60	230	105	125
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	150	70	85	235	115	120
Uralic languages	3,010	1,480	1,530	7,870	3,710	4,160
Estonian	260	125	135	150	55	95
Finnish	550	250	305	500	195	305
Hungarian	2,210	1,110	1,100	7,215	3,450	3,765
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	405	245	155	2,140	1,170	970
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	1,280,920	625,630	655,290	7,965,450	3,941,440	4,024,015
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	1,213,385	593,580	619,810	7,585,545	3,753,190	3,832,350
Canadian citizens aged under 18	247,125	125,995	121,135	1,521,230	779,620	741,610
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	966,260	467,590	498,675	6,064,310	2,973,575	3,090,740
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	67,535	32,050	35,485	379,910	188,245	191,665
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	1,280,925	625,630	655,295	7,965,450	3,941,440	4,024,015
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	1,026,140	505,660	520,480	6,788,085	3,365,345	3,422,735
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	238,975	111,800	127,175	1,091,310	530,325	560,980
Before 1981	66,695	31,970	34,730	238,655	117,080	121,575
1981 to 1990	32,395	15,440	16,950	127,340	63,150	64,190
1991 to 2000	52,150	23,635	28,510	187,860	89,210	98,650
2001 to 2010	56,430	25,885	30,545	322,280	155,785	166,495
2001 to 2005	26,690	12,195	14,490	140,170	67,835	72,335
2006 to 2010	29,740	13,690	16,050	182,115	87,945	94,165
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	31,305	14,865	16,440	215,170	105,105	110,065
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	15,805	8,170	7,635	86,065	45,765	40,295
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	238,975	111,805	127,175	1,091,305	530,325	560,980
Under 5 years	27,285	13,505	13,780	112,930	54,600	58,330
5 to 14 years	43,365	22,030	21,335	174,020	87,165	86,855
15 to 24 years	50,890	22,690	28,205	215,350	98,880	116,475
25 to 44 years	97,845	44,900	52,945	515,770	256,095	259,675
45 years and over	19,585	8,680	10,915	73,230	33,590	39,640
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	238,980	111,800	127,175	1,091,305	530,330	560,980
Americas	36,870	15,975	20,900	247,505	113,190	134,315
Brazil	1,015	455	560	7,345	3,515	3,830
Colombia	1,295	500	800	25,580	11,645	13,935
El Salvador	1,780	820	960	11,120	5,500	5,615
Guyana	1,520	710	810	2,490	1,085	1,410
Haiti	6,490	2,700	3,795	80,965	35,375	45,585
Jamaica	3,200	1,395	1,810	4,665	2,040	2,625
Mexico	1,405	575	830	15,820	7,090	8,730
Peru	845	380	465	13,265	5,945	7,325
Trinidad and Tobago	1,390	560	830	4,075	1,840	2,240
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	10,970	4,780	6,190	25,955	12,800	13,155
Other places of birth in Americas	6,955	3,105	3,850	56,235	26,370	29,870
Europe	68,875	33,035	35,845	311,090	154,910	156,185
Bosnia and Herzegovina	1,625	790	835	3,785	1,890	1,895
Croatia	870	425	445	2,140	1,085	1,050
France	2,620	1,185	1,440	81,225	43,490	37,735
Germany	5,450	2,465	2,990	9,750	4,365	5,390
Greece	1,175	625	555	18,420	9,135	9,285
Hungary	1,015	530	485	3,325	1,620	1,700
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	990	440	550	820	485	330
Italy	5,850	3,065	2,785	51,025	25,370	25,655
Netherlands	3,750	1,850	1,905	1,990	1,035	955
Poland	4,520	2,035	2,485	10,735	4,675	6,060
Portugal	2,130	1,080	1,045	18,985	9,185	9,800
Romania	2,530	1,205	1,330	28,695	13,695	15,005
Russian Federation	2,985	1,285	1,695	11,355	4,975	6,375
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	935	445	490	1,790	830	960
Ukraine	1,835	865	970	8,670	3,800	4,870
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	21,695	10,710	10,985	12,905	6,645	6,260
Other places of birth in Europe	8,895	4,040	4,855	45,500	22,630	22,870
Africa	31,240	14,385	16,850	241,410	125,250	116,165
Algeria	1,075	515	565	59,465	31,180	28,280
Egypt	3,535	1,850	1,680	19,490	10,290	9,200
Ethiopia	2,235	1,025	1,210	995	495	495
Kenya	1,105	565	535	785	355	430
Morocco	1,275	585	690	60,700	31,435	29,270
Nigeria	1,305	590	710	1,340	740	600
Somalia	3,895	1,495	2,405	580	270	310
South Africa, Republic of	975	525	450	865	475	385
Other places of birth in Africa	15,845	7,240	8,605	97,200	50,005	47,190
Asia	100,970	47,855	53,120	289,825	136,175	153,655
Afghanistan	2,435	1,235	1,200	7,280	3,640	3,640
Bangladesh	2,780	1,440	1,340	7,940	3,990	3,950
China^{Census data footnote 59}	17,905	7,735	10,165	49,555	19,905	29,655
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	3,095	1,565	1,530	4,730	2,290	2,435
India	11,020	5,530	5,495	17,865	9,195	8,670
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	4,485	2,245	2,240	17,760	8,880	8,885
Iraq	3,585	1,915	1,665	3,735	1,960	1,775
Japan	770	205	565	1,725	395	1,330
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	1,795	795	1,005	4,230	1,995	2,230
Lebanon	11,230	5,875	5,360	39,135	20,800	18,340
Pakistan	4,360	2,155	2,200	10,010	5,260	4,750
Philippines	9,380	3,470	5,915	24,410	9,040	15,370
Sri Lanka	2,640	1,265	1,380	10,715	5,335	5,380
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	3,215	1,645	1,575	17,775	8,800	8,980
Taiwan	870	370	495	2,735	1,100	1,635
Viet Nam	5,725	2,615	3,115	25,440	11,765	13,675
Other places of birth in Asia	15,670	7,800	7,870	44,795	21,840	22,950
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	1,015	555	460	1,480	805	670
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	31,305	14,870	16,440	215,170	105,105	110,065
Americas	4,390	2,010	2,375	47,710	22,625	25,085
Brazil	145	80	60	3,010	1,495	1,520
Colombia	190	80	110	7,540	3,465	4,075
Cuba	135	80	60	2,565	1,260	1,315
Haiti	1,325	560	760	16,880	7,690	9,190
Jamaica	115	70	50	190	140	55
Mexico	275	110	160	4,210	1,955	2,255
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	1,365	695	675	3,990	2,265	1,720
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	125	35	90	1,955	935	1,020
Other places of birth in Americas	710	300	410	7,365	3,425	3,935
Europe	2,795	1,375	1,420	39,320	20,085	19,235
France	325	175	145	20,030	10,855	9,175
Germany	185	90	95	580	250	330
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	70	45	25	135	105	35
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	40	15	20	3,750	1,695	2,055
Romania	120	60	60	2,945	1,260	1,685
Russian Federation	365	145	215	1,970	865	1,105
Ukraine	220	105	115	2,460	1,110	1,350
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	720	380	335	860	565	290
Other places of birth in Europe	755	350	405	6,590	3,385	3,205
Africa	6,265	2,815	3,450	74,200	37,110	37,090
Algeria	140	50	85	16,380	8,060	8,320
Cameroon	345	165	175	7,550	3,705	3,845
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	720	270	455	3,370	1,655	1,715
Côte d'Ivoire	170	55	115	5,070	2,505	2,565
Egypt	785	425	360	4,360	2,260	2,095
Eritrea	250	115	135	50	30	20
Ethiopia	335	115	215	125	65	60
Morocco	170	75	95	13,475	6,675	6,805
Nigeria	385	165	215	540	280	260
Somalia	355	155	205	95	40	50
South Africa, Republic of	115	55	65	175	115	60
Tunisia	100	40	60	5,855	3,025	2,825
Other places of birth in Africa	2,395	1,130	1,265	17,155	8,690	8,470
Asia	17,690	8,580	9,110	53,595	25,070	28,525
Afghanistan	535	270	260	1,555	715	840
Bangladesh	535	265	270	860	455	405
China^{Census data footnote 59}	2,650	1,115	1,535	10,705	4,805	5,895
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	85	45	35	120	35	80
India	2,025	1,110	920	2,960	1,555	1,405
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	795	380	420	7,505	3,545	3,960
Iraq	1,080	565	515	985	465	515
Israel	190	105	80	645	390	255
Japan	115	30	85	330	30	295
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	230	85	145	825	370	455
Lebanon	910	485	430	3,955	2,100	1,860
Nepal	290	165	125	360	165	195
Pakistan	660	360	300	1,815	920	895
Philippines	2,760	1,120	1,640	5,635	2,345	3,290
Saudi Arabia	365	205	155	435	210	225
Sri Lanka	240	105	135	860	380	480
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	1,895	1,020	875	7,455	3,740	3,715
Taiwan	45	30	20	170	60	105
Turkey	185	95	90	585	300	285
United Arab Emirates	340	210	130	300	160	145
Viet Nam	200	80	115	1,505	560	945
Other places of birth in Asia	1,570	745	825	4,025	1,765	2,265
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	170	90	70	345	215	135
Australia	145	90	60	190	120	70
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	20	0	15	155	95	65
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	1,280,920	625,630	655,290	7,965,450	3,941,440	4,024,015
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	265,840	125,760	140,080	1,204,895	590,175	614,720
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	229,190	114,790	114,405	792,085	399,535	392,550
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	785,890	385,080	400,805	5,968,475	2,951,730	3,016,745
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	175,665	81,505	94,155	867,685	420,465	447,220
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	80,850	40,235	40,610	469,015	243,915	225,100
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	33,605	20,670	12,935	224,720	137,975	86,745
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	47,245	19,565	27,680	244,300	105,945	138,360
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	51,860	20,490	31,370	241,225	96,130	145,095
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	40,840	19,920	20,920	146,295	75,100	71,195
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	2,120	860	1,255	11,150	5,320	5,825
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	1,280,920	625,630	655,295	7,965,450	3,941,440	4,024,010
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	36,625	17,215	19,405	182,885	91,890	90,995
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	34,910	16,470	18,440	175,960	88,635	87,325
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	19,195	9,020	10,175	92,655	45,510	47,145
Métis	14,315	6,830	7,490	69,365	36,260	33,100
Inuk (Inuit)	1,400	625	775	13,940	6,865	7,075
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	795	325	470	2,760	1,330	1,430
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	920	420	500	4,170	1,930	2,245
Non-Aboriginal identity	1,244,295	608,415	635,885	7,782,560	3,849,550	3,933,015
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	1,280,920	625,630	655,295	7,965,455	3,941,440	4,024,015
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	10,625	4,930	5,700	77,490	38,580	38,915
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	1,270,295	620,705	649,590	7,887,960	3,902,860	3,985,100
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	1,280,925	625,630	655,295	7,965,455	3,941,440	4,024,015
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	8,045	3,670	4,375	118,780	58,535	60,245
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	7,900	3,605	4,295	115,480	56,930	58,550
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	5,825	2,720	3,105	87,700	42,730	44,965
Métis single ancestry	1,440	590	855	17,585	9,225	8,360
Inuit single ancestry	635	300	335	10,200	4,980	5,220
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	145	65	80	3,300	1,605	1,700
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	115	50	70	2,220	1,115	1,105
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	20	0	15	995	455	540
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	65	25	40
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	10	0	0	20	10	15
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	58,745	27,465	31,280	240,650	113,905	126,740
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	57,270	26,870	30,395	235,365	111,205	124,165
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	40,160	18,720	21,445	193,625	90,650	102,975
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	16,030	7,680	8,345	37,080	18,320	18,760
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	1,075	470	605	4,660	2,230	2,425
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	1,475	595	885	5,280	2,700	2,575
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	1,370	555	810	4,040	2,105	1,940
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	60	25	35	990	475	515
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	50	15	30	225	110	115
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	25	15	10
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	1,214,130	594,495	619,635	7,606,025	3,769,000	3,837,030
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	1,280,925	625,630	655,290	7,965,450	3,941,440	4,024,015
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	251,225	120,970	130,255	1,032,365	505,180	527,185
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	41,545	21,150	20,395	90,335	46,750	43,585
Chinese	42,110	20,005	22,110	99,505	44,370	55,135
Black	62,690	29,340	33,350	319,230	154,110	165,120
Filipino	12,820	5,055	7,765	34,910	14,275	20,635
Latin American	11,730	5,280	6,445	133,920	64,655	69,260
Arab	41,605	21,715	19,895	213,740	113,420	100,320
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	12,745	6,015	6,735	62,820	29,960	32,865
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	9,275	4,725	4,550	32,405	16,200	16,210
Korean	3,125	1,435	1,690	8,055	3,865	4,190
Japanese	2,595	1,105	1,490	4,570	1,755	2,820
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	2,780	1,255	1,525	9,840	4,670	5,175
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	8,215	3,910	4,305	23,045	11,160	11,885
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	1,029,700	504,660	525,040	6,933,085	3,436,260	3,496,830
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	1,280,920	625,630	655,290	7,965,455	3,941,435	4,024,010
North American Aboriginal origins	66,790	31,135	35,660	359,430	172,440	186,985
First Nations (North American Indian)	47,560	22,075	25,480	289,610	137,550	152,065
Inuit	1,850	825	1,025	17,175	8,300	8,880
Métis	19,015	8,895	10,120	61,260	30,915	30,345
Other North American origins	452,815	221,755	231,055	4,850,145	2,390,545	2,459,605
Acadian	4,610	2,250	2,360	34,785	16,440	18,345
American	15,885	7,640	8,240	45,050	21,470	23,580
Canadian	438,800	214,805	223,995	4,647,840	2,288,280	2,359,555
New Brunswicker	50	30	20	750	370	380
Newfoundlander	885	535	350	570	280	295
Nova Scotian	140	80	60	365	155	215
Ontarian	520	240	285	1,345	660	685
Québécois	1,185	615	565	184,005	93,895	90,110
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	60	45	15	205	110	100
European origins	838,825	409,795	429,040	3,037,890	1,511,060	1,526,825
British Isles origins	570,025	278,510	291,520	745,715	360,135	385,575
Channel Islander	140	35	105	1,440	725	720
Cornish	105	60	45	70	35	40
English	283,610	139,040	144,575	228,520	111,855	116,670
Irish	287,915	136,545	151,370	446,215	211,545	234,665
Manx	245	140	105	200	105	95
Scottish	253,600	124,050	129,550	215,030	103,395	111,635
Welsh	22,705	10,885	11,820	10,765	5,075	5,690
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	42,875	20,075	22,805	32,525	15,440	17,080
French origins	274,805	131,260	143,550	1,878,795	941,770	937,025
Alsatian	85	40	45	1,050	520	525
Breton	160	90	70	11,140	5,410	5,725
Corsican	55	40	15	1,270	690	580
French	274,665	131,170	143,495	1,870,545	937,665	932,875
Western European origins (except French origins)	164,140	80,255	83,885	244,380	119,115	125,260
Austrian	6,915	3,375	3,545	12,710	6,285	6,430
Bavarian	75	25	50	40	30	20
Belgian	5,740	2,765	2,980	51,340	25,295	26,050
Dutch	47,420	23,760	23,660	26,000	12,805	13,190
Flemish	540	280	260	1,345	660	685
Frisian	260	145	120	15	20	0
German	110,025	53,225	56,800	142,225	68,250	73,975
Luxembourger	175	100	75	910	445	460
Swiss	6,220	3,060	3,160	24,500	12,615	11,885
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	160	80	85	125	80	50
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	29,325	14,665	14,655	25,460	12,490	12,975
Danish	6,790	3,500	3,290	5,700	2,815	2,885
Finnish	4,820	2,430	2,390	3,130	1,430	1,700
Icelandic	1,740	825	915	955	480	470
Norwegian	7,890	3,930	3,955	7,820	3,835	3,985
Swedish	8,465	4,035	4,430	6,840	3,275	3,565
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	1,860	1,050	805	2,500	1,265	1,230
Eastern European origins	102,390	49,340	53,050	249,940	121,660	128,285
Bulgarian	1,530	715	815	9,570	4,675	4,895
Byelorussian	870	420	445	2,530	1,235	1,295
Czech	4,285	2,000	2,285	6,295	2,965	3,330
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	905	395	510	2,150	1,100	1,050
Estonian	1,090	495	600	890	460	435
Hungarian	10,490	5,080	5,410	28,280	13,970	14,310
Latvian	1,290	540	745	1,740	835	905
Lithuanian	2,795	1,395	1,395	6,630	3,320	3,305
Moldovan	395	165	230	7,620	3,710	3,900
Polish	39,265	18,805	20,460	79,040	38,705	40,335
Romanian	6,855	3,335	3,525	53,060	25,935	27,125
Russian	17,075	7,905	9,170	55,230	26,405	28,830
Slovak	3,025	1,435	1,595	4,770	2,375	2,395
Ukrainian	29,875	14,590	15,285	42,550	20,575	21,975
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	1,110	585	525	2,900	1,505	1,400
Southern European origins	94,885	46,295	48,590	549,750	273,670	276,080
Albanian	1,105	545	560	3,760	1,950	1,805
Bosnian	1,275	605	670	2,970	1,485	1,490
Catalan	25	10	15	735	395	340
Croatian	3,840	1,845	1,995	6,745	3,375	3,370
Cypriot	180	75	110	480	240	245
Greek	8,425	4,275	4,150	71,330	36,235	35,090
Italian	54,455	27,045	27,405	326,700	162,650	164,045
Kosovar	60	30	30	505	295	210
Macedonian	650	250	395	775	400	370
Maltese	820	425	395	1,220	615	610
Montenegrin	170	85	85	450	250	200
Portuguese	10,425	5,055	5,370	69,805	34,825	34,980
Serbian	2,805	1,390	1,410	5,950	2,915	3,040
Sicilian	290	145	145	1,435	710	725
Slovenian	1,375	685	690	2,510	1,225	1,280
Spanish	14,045	6,215	7,830	85,360	41,745	43,615
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	965	455	515	3,270	1,595	1,670
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	65	25	45	300	155	145
Other European origins	9,415	4,790	4,625	38,670	19,875	18,800
Basque	300	170	130	3,620	1,930	1,690
Jewish	6,330	3,260	3,075	25,235	12,955	12,280
Roma (Gypsy)	120	55	70	475	270	205
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	225	105	125	360	180	185
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	2,495	1,240	1,255	9,215	4,690	4,530
Caribbean origins	27,530	12,470	15,065	201,625	93,935	107,690
Antiguan	285	155	130	380	170	205
Bahamian	175	120	60	430	205	225
Barbadian	1,415	605	815	5,570	2,585	2,985
Bermudan	155	90	70	115	50	65
Carib	115	40	75	405	150	255
Cuban	1,175	540	635	9,830	4,800	5,035
Dominican	795	360	435	11,560	5,320	6,235
Grenadian	315	155	155	1,965	790	1,175
Guadeloupean	10	10	0	1,010	475	535
Haitian	10,240	4,570	5,670	143,165	66,245	76,925
Jamaican	8,435	3,875	4,560	14,100	6,785	7,315
Kittitian/Nevisian	55	20	35	360	200	160
Martinican	30	15	15	1,775	820	950
Montserratan	45	25	20	240	140	105
Puerto Rican	155	75	80	530	270	255
St. Lucian	810	310	495	860	450	405
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	2,245	1,040	1,205	6,585	2,925	3,660
Vincentian/Grenadinian	255	85	165	4,020	1,695	2,325
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	1,715	725	990	5,635	2,610	3,025
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	1,105	520	585	4,195	1,995	2,205
Latin, Central and South American origins	19,025	8,810	10,215	167,275	81,215	86,065
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	860	405	455	6,100	2,885	3,210
Arawak	60	25	35	180	60	120
Argentinian	700	380	315	4,950	2,490	2,460
Belizean	100	45	50	80	40	40
Bolivian	155	80	70	1,730	815	915
Brazilian	1,185	585	605	8,345	4,075	4,275
Chilean	1,150	590	560	14,060	7,055	7,005
Colombian	1,995	905	1,090	33,965	15,915	18,050
Costa Rican	195	85	115	1,180	570	610
Ecuadorian	290	150	140	2,720	1,255	1,470
Guatemalan	445	160	285	10,175	5,380	4,795
Guyanese	2,150	1,055	1,100	3,670	1,810	1,860
Hispanic	345	185	160	1,155	570	585
Honduran	295	90	200	4,335	2,135	2,200
Maya	335	165	170	1,670	935	735
Mexican	3,175	1,360	1,810	26,930	13,185	13,745
Nicaraguan	1,125	550	580	2,805	1,360	1,445
Panamanian	110	60	55	1,460	755	710
Paraguayan	35	15	15	365	155	205
Peruvian	1,320	625	695	19,735	9,240	10,495
Salvadorean	2,260	1,095	1,170	19,200	9,535	9,665
Uruguayan	95	45	60	1,755	815	940
Venezuelan	980	380	590	7,475	3,430	4,045
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	1,265	530	730	5,845	2,965	2,880
African origins	57,970	27,945	30,025	382,665	196,910	185,755
Central and West African origins	12,245	6,005	6,245	86,695	44,720	41,975
Akan	110	60	50	630	325	310
Angolan	200	90	110	875	425	450
Ashanti	15	15	0	120	90	35
Beninese	115	70	45	4,125	2,220	1,915
Burkinabe	285	120	160	2,465	1,325	1,145
Cameroonian	1,370	700	670	17,095	8,635	8,465
Chadian	150	75	75	1,045	525	520
Congolese	4,000	1,780	2,215	20,210	9,960	10,250
Edo	50	25	25	110	60	45
Ewe	15	10	0	460	265	200
Gabonese	115	65	55	1,165	545	620
Gambian	35	20	15	150	95	55
Ghanaian	1,385	760	630	3,235	1,660	1,575
Guinean	270	120	150	5,255	2,765	2,485
Ibo	120	55	65	185	95	95
Ivorian	525	220	305	8,545	4,350	4,200
Liberian	95	55	40	150	60	90
Malian	170	75	90	3,535	1,755	1,775
Malinké	75	40	35	635	340	295
Nigerian	2,085	1,070	1,015	2,820	1,510	1,310
Peulh	70	40	30	2,110	1,080	1,030
Senegalese	365	180	185	8,250	4,420	3,835
Sierra Leonean	100	50	55	110	55	55
Togolese	320	155	160	4,080	2,210	1,870
Wolof	35	20	15	660	390	270
Yoruba	345	210	135	460	225	235
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	900	460	440	6,955	3,690	3,275
North African origins	13,380	6,895	6,485	225,125	117,725	107,410
Algerian	1,375	685	690	60,375	31,185	29,190
Berber	905	480	415	33,825	17,840	15,985
Coptic	130	70	65	685	385	305
Dinka	50	20	30	15	10	10
Egyptian	6,085	3,220	2,875	29,400	15,295	14,100
Libyan	1,215	625	595	1,075	590	485
Maure	40	30	15	530	290	240
Moroccan	2,265	1,090	1,175	85,940	44,520	41,420
Sudanese	845	425	425	370	220	150
Tunisian	680	350	330	21,475	11,775	9,695
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	455	230	220	3,340	1,845	1,490
Southern and East African origins	23,510	10,995	12,520	28,925	14,225	14,705
Afrikaner	60	30	30	115	75	40
Amhara	80	50	35	65	30	35
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	375	170	200	1,905	1,040	870
Burundian	1,920	860	1,060	6,015	2,945	3,070
Djiboutian	730	300	430	450	205	245
Eritrean	1,375	625	750	580	290	290
Ethiopian	2,880	1,305	1,575	1,575	785	785
Harari	10	10	10	20	10	10
Kenyan	615	310	305	530	270	260
Malagasy	215	110	105	3,735	1,815	1,920
Mauritian	385	170	215	3,695	1,735	1,960
Oromo	285	145	135	20	15	10
Rwandan	1,315	530	780	5,130	2,445	2,685
Seychellois	35	10	25	775	345	425
Somali	10,385	4,910	5,475	1,785	865	915
South African	1,375	670	705	900	490	420
Tanzanian	310	130	180	325	190	140
Tigrian	180	85	95	95	35	55
Ugandan	405	195	205	290	135	160
Zambian	145	60	80	45	20	25
Zimbabwean	330	160	170	300	150	145
Zulu	50	35	15	70	35	35
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	1,335	670	670	1,790	915	875
Other African origins	10,175	4,760	5,410	46,805	22,845	23,965
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	1,270	520	750	3,800	1,845	1,950
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	9,095	4,335	4,765	43,785	21,415	22,370
Asian origins	188,020	92,115	95,910	563,150	275,170	287,980
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	66,450	34,240	32,215	240,795	123,985	116,810
Afghan	4,020	2,045	1,975	10,945	5,550	5,395
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	7,475	3,835	3,640	44,875	23,680	21,195
Armenian	1,545	800	740	27,380	13,515	13,865
Assyrian	130	60	75	370	205	165
Azerbaijani	215	85	130	555	295	255
Georgian	180	100	85	635	295	345
Hazara	50	25	25	385	190	200
Iranian	7,070	3,535	3,530	25,530	12,845	12,685
Iraqi	4,780	2,525	2,255	5,520	2,780	2,740
Israeli	735	390	345	6,060	3,235	2,830
Jordanian	1,485	805	685	1,610	840	770
Kazakh	155	80	80	620	295	325
Kurd	855	460	400	2,135	1,180	960
Kuwaiti	965	485	480	95	50	50
Kyrgyz	35	25	10	260	140	120
Lebanese	26,870	13,780	13,095	78,140	40,695	37,450
Palestinian	4,055	2,270	1,795	6,865	3,520	3,345
Pashtun	265	145	125	515	280	235
Saudi Arabian	575	275	300	645	390	255
Syrian	4,700	2,450	2,250	27,465	13,845	13,620
Tajik	100	55	50	390	180	210
Tatar	155	60	100	910	430	485
Turk	3,040	1,605	1,435	15,060	7,520	7,545
Turkmen	125	60	65	65	45	25
Uighur	50	30	20	375	185	190
Uzbek	160	75	90	465	210	255
Yemeni	1,000	510	490	805	450	355
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	2,115	1,080	1,035	2,465	1,385	1,075
South Asian origins	43,695	22,135	21,560	95,670	48,925	46,745
Bangladeshi	2,400	1,245	1,150	7,075	3,625	3,450
Bengali	1,110	560	550	4,125	2,035	2,090
Bhutanese	315	165	150	420	205	215
East Indian	29,395	14,930	14,460	51,650	26,505	25,140
Goan	135	70	65	210	105	110
Gujarati	200	115	85	420	205	215
Kashmiri	60	15	40	260	155	105
Nepali	900	445	455	930	460	470
Pakistani	5,085	2,540	2,550	13,535	7,000	6,535
Punjabi	1,170	610	560	2,970	1,675	1,295
Sinhalese	290	150	145	310	135	175
Sri Lankan	3,050	1,520	1,530	14,750	7,300	7,450
Tamil	995	490	510	3,100	1,610	1,495
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	2,300	1,150	1,150	2,135	1,190	945
East and Southeast Asian origins	79,695	36,600	43,090	229,985	103,805	126,180
Burmese	605	300	305	530	270	255
Cambodian (Khmer)	2,355	1,090	1,260	15,345	7,360	7,985
Chinese	47,930	22,555	25,370	121,445	54,595	66,850
Filipino	14,135	5,680	8,460	37,910	15,590	22,320
Hmong	0	0	0	35	10	20
Indonesian	640	260	375	1,320	570	755
Japanese	3,370	1,430	1,940	6,495	2,615	3,875
Karen	285	150	130	95	55	40
Korean	3,340	1,560	1,780	8,740	4,155	4,580
Laotian	710	330	385	7,625	3,860	3,770
Malaysian	495	180	310	645	300	340
Mongolian	305	170	130	960	470	485
Singaporean	50	20	30	105	65	40
Taiwanese	755	345	405	2,205	940	1,265
Thai	715	235	475	2,695	1,065	1,635
Tibetan	90	45	50	80	45	30
Vietnamese	9,020	4,425	4,600	43,080	20,790	22,290
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	255	140	115	275	125	155
Other Asian origins	390	180	215	1,765	905	865
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	390	180	210	1,770	905	860
Oceania origins	2,335	1,150	1,190	3,250	1,730	1,515
Australian	1,645	770	875	2,055	1,125	935
New Zealander	490	280	205	490	245	245
Pacific Islands origins	240	105	135	785	410	380
Fijian	60	20	40	70	25	40
Hawaiian	15	0	10	60	40	20
Maori	20	15	0	90	55	35
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	85	25	60	290	145	145
Samoan	40	25	15	15	15	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	35	20	15	295	155	145
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	528,305	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
Owner	362,625	...	...	2,163,735	...	...
Renter	165,670	...	...	1,362,010	...	...
Band housing	10	...	...	5,915	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	528,300	...	...	3,531,660	...	...
Condominium	63,340	...	...	413,325	...	...
Not condominium	464,965	...	...	3,118,340	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	528,300	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
No bedrooms	2,800	...	...	23,725	...	...
1 bedroom	65,605	...	...	573,370	...	...
2 bedrooms	115,775	...	...	1,100,310	...	...
3 bedrooms	209,435	...	...	1,157,300	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	134,690	...	...	676,955	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	528,305	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	126,930	...	...	1,258,215	...	...
5 rooms	72,285	...	...	620,935	...	...
6 rooms	80,640	...	...	432,090	...	...
7 rooms	79,655	...	...	403,255	...	...
8 or more rooms	168,800	...	...	817,165	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.4	...	...	5.8	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	528,300	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
One person or fewer per room	521,700	...	...	3,492,135	...	...
More than 1 person per room	6,605	...	...	39,530	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	528,305	...	...	3,531,660	...	...
Suitable	507,180	...	...	3,398,910	...	...
Not suitable	21,120	...	...	132,755	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	528,300	...	...	3,531,660	...	...
1960 or before	114,465	...	...	894,495	...	...
1961 to 1980	153,640	...	...	1,116,760	...	...
1981 to 1990	84,905	...	...	503,495	...	...
1991 to 2000	63,105	...	...	369,020	...	...
2001 to 2005	37,430	...	...	196,830	...	...
2006 to 2010	38,900	...	...	241,545	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	35,855	...	...	209,515	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	528,305	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	496,560	...	...	3,304,625	...	...
Major repairs needed	31,745	...	...	227,040	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	528,305	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
1 household maintainer	298,475	...	...	2,221,970	...	...
2 household maintainers	218,255	...	...	1,264,195	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	11,570	...	...	45,500	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	528,305	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
15 to 24 years	18,565	...	...	119,495	...	...
25 to 34 years	72,470	...	...	498,070	...	...
35 to 44 years	87,105	...	...	603,840	...	...
45 to 54 years	112,490	...	...	682,290	...	...
55 to 64 years	107,015	...	...	731,390	...	...
65 to 74 years	76,900	...	...	541,630	...	...
75 to 84 years	39,815	...	...	270,280	...	...
85 years and over	13,935	...	...	84,680	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	523,375	...	...	3,496,460	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	400,025	...	...	2,763,105	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	123,355	...	...	733,355	...	...
30% to less than 100%	106,875	...	...	647,975	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	358,420	...	...	2,141,690	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	60.3	...	...	61.9	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	14.4	...	...	12.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,288	...	...	983	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,402	...	...	1,085	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	349,589	...	...	250,302	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	394,549	...	...	290,484	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	165,405	...	...	1,358,265	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	15.8	...	...	9.3	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	43.5	...	...	33.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,050	...	...	720	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,089	...	...	775	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	1,068,405	517,440	550,960	6,634,280	3,260,035	3,374,240
No certificate, diploma or degree	152,980	77,940	75,040	1,323,070	674,955	648,115
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	276,465	136,005	140,465	1,426,980	674,820	752,155
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	638,960	303,495	335,465	3,884,235	1,910,260	1,973,970
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	57,910	38,755	19,150	1,120,730	681,515	439,215
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	30,565	17,885	12,680	806,585	435,090	371,495
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	27,340	20,875	6,470	314,145	246,425	67,720
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	231,810	100,330	131,485	1,165,515	506,775	658,740
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	20,770	8,620	12,155	236,255	93,680	142,575
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	328,465	155,785	172,680	1,361,730	628,290	733,440
Bachelor's degree	205,915	93,270	112,650	872,060	384,275	487,790
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	19,035	8,085	10,950	118,955	54,255	64,695
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	7,615	3,885	3,730	39,045	19,865	19,185
Master's degree	79,330	39,595	39,735	281,215	139,280	141,935
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	16,570	10,955	5,615	50,455	30,615	19,840
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	698,620	338,065	360,555	4,371,935	2,167,810	2,204,125
No certificate, diploma or degree	54,905	30,600	24,310	580,635	323,880	256,750
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	154,725	79,015	75,710	808,955	396,620	412,330
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	488,995	228,455	260,540	2,982,345	1,447,305	1,535,040
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	39,595	26,330	13,260	866,595	513,575	353,015
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	20,920	12,060	8,860	631,795	330,140	301,655
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	18,675	14,270	4,405	234,800	183,440	51,360
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	178,785	78,465	100,320	832,430	367,185	465,245
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	13,495	5,820	7,680	167,025	67,530	99,495
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	257,115	117,835	139,285	1,116,300	499,010	617,290
Bachelor's degree	160,285	71,395	88,880	712,935	308,760	404,175
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	14,255	5,555	8,705	94,240	40,085	54,160
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	5,945	2,695	3,250	30,775	13,505	17,270
Master's degree	64,750	31,015	33,735	238,300	113,895	124,410
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	11,885	7,175	4,710	40,050	22,780	17,270
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	1,068,405	517,440	550,965	6,634,280	3,260,040	3,374,245
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	429,450	213,950	215,500	2,750,050	1,349,775	1,400,270
Education	37,410	8,445	28,965	273,320	62,470	210,845
13. Education	37,405	8,440	28,965	273,320	62,470	210,845
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	21,715	9,580	12,135	156,720	71,485	85,240
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	4,570	3,295	1,270	25,380	18,280	7,100
50. Visual and performing arts	17,140	6,280	10,860	131,340	53,200	78,140
Humanities	39,380	15,015	24,365	215,735	86,065	129,675
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	5,775	1,140	4,635	32,180	7,165	25,020
23. English language and literature/letters	10,310	3,175	7,135	12,900	4,060	8,835
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	7,710	2,845	4,870	103,120	42,685	60,435
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	400	120	280	880	395	485
38. Philosophy and religious studies	2,700	1,500	1,205	10,400	6,650	3,755
39. Theology and religious vocations	2,425	1,425	1,000	10,125	6,200	3,930
54. History	7,580	4,300	3,280	17,055	9,990	7,065
55. French language and literature/letters	2,480	520	1,960	29,070	8,920	20,155
Social and behavioural sciences and law	104,370	38,580	65,785	380,995	125,025	255,975
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	1,575	420	1,155	4,315	1,165	3,150
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	10,535	3,790	6,745	48,530	16,690	31,845
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	13,225	1,175	12,050	77,470	6,070	71,400
22. Legal professions and studies	16,320	6,005	10,310	67,185	25,785	41,395
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	2,440	555	1,885	9,905	2,035	7,870
42. Psychology	15,780	3,905	11,880	57,335	14,030	43,305
45. Social sciences	44,490	22,725	21,765	116,255	59,245	57,015
Business, management and public administration	122,450	49,665	72,790	879,190	321,450	557,740
30.16 Accounting and computer science	275	105	165	815	300	520
44. Public administration and social service professions	13,130	3,425	9,700	47,715	10,490	37,225
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	109,050	46,130	62,920	830,660	310,665	519,990
Physical and life sciences and technologies	30,125	15,430	14,695	140,990	76,780	64,215
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	14,680	6,005	8,675	49,705	20,900	28,805
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	4,470	2,245	2,220	23,210	13,865	9,350
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	315	80	235	21,890	10,810	11,080
40. Physical sciences	9,515	6,610	2,905	39,060	27,545	11,515
41. Science technologies/technicians	1,150	485	665	7,120	3,660	3,465
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	39,140	25,230	13,910	152,105	104,850	47,255
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	29,595	20,690	8,905	125,480	92,730	32,750
25. Library science	3,030	620	2,405	11,110	2,145	8,965
27. Mathematics and statistics	5,415	3,200	2,215	13,415	8,365	5,045
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	1,100	720	385	2,100	1,605	495
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	111,605	98,990	12,610	828,400	758,350	70,055
04. Architecture and related services	5,215	3,400	1,820	29,015	17,055	11,960
14. Engineering	38,745	31,790	6,960	150,450	124,585	25,865
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	24,540	22,060	2,475	150,640	135,445	15,195
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	40	0	25	60	20	40
46. Construction trades	16,365	15,940	420	185,385	179,995	5,390
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	19,595	19,030	565	184,280	178,510	5,770
48. Precision production	7,105	6,765	340	128,580	122,750	5,830
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	11,870	7,175	4,695	85,485	56,900	28,585
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	7,510	4,740	2,770	51,770	30,870	20,900
03. Natural resources and conservation	4,360	2,430	1,925	33,715	26,025	7,690
Health and related fields	86,600	17,295	69,300	480,230	95,450	384,780
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	7,685	3,705	3,985	27,955	14,675	13,280
51. Health professions and related programs	76,565	12,340	64,225	441,105	74,630	366,470
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	2,345	1,255	1,090	11,160	6,140	5,020
Personal, protective and transportation services	34,205	18,050	16,155	290,005	151,070	138,935
12. Personal and culinary services	17,650	4,985	12,670	164,595	43,720	120,875
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	915	765	150	290	270	20
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	675	615	55	1,345	1,245	100
43. Security and protective services	10,305	7,390	2,915	54,625	42,415	12,210
49. Transportation and materials moving	4,665	4,295	370	69,160	63,425	5,740
Other	85	35	50	1,055	375	680
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	85	35	50	1,055	375	675
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	698,620	338,065	360,555	4,371,935	2,167,805	2,204,130
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	209,630	109,610	100,015	1,389,585	720,500	669,085
Education	25,375	5,465	19,905	180,615	37,990	142,625
13. Education	25,370	5,465	19,910	180,615	37,990	142,625
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	16,620	7,250	9,370	122,045	55,575	66,475
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	3,420	2,395	1,030	19,510	13,740	5,770
50. Visual and performing arts	13,205	4,860	8,340	102,535	41,830	60,705
Humanities	27,740	10,400	17,345	138,330	54,580	83,750
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	4,440	835	3,600	25,220	5,455	19,765
23. English language and literature/letters	7,270	2,175	5,095	9,585	2,990	6,595
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	5,220	1,925	3,295	57,730	25,305	32,430
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	310	85	225	600	255	350
38. Philosophy and religious studies	1,870	1,050	820	6,980	4,415	2,570
39. Theology and religious vocations	1,610	980	625	5,415	3,380	2,035
54. History	5,520	3,105	2,410	12,235	7,140	5,095
55. French language and literature/letters	1,500	235	1,265	20,555	5,640	14,915
Social and behavioural sciences and law	82,815	29,190	53,625	301,550	95,120	206,430
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	1,275	310	965	3,550	925	2,620
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	8,360	2,950	5,410	40,275	13,900	26,370
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	10,445	895	9,550	63,120	4,295	58,825
22. Legal professions and studies	13,705	4,525	9,180	53,620	18,830	34,790
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	2,050	465	1,585	6,840	1,420	5,420
42. Psychology	11,960	2,805	9,160	44,540	10,255	34,285
45. Social sciences	35,020	17,250	17,770	89,610	45,495	44,110
Business, management and public administration	96,030	37,965	58,065	706,400	248,920	457,480
30.16 Accounting and computer science	210	85	120	615	215	400
44. Public administration and social service professions	10,470	2,590	7,880	38,320	7,835	30,485
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	85,355	35,290	50,065	667,470	240,870	426,600
Physical and life sciences and technologies	21,710	10,320	11,395	92,480	49,390	43,090
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	11,085	4,290	6,790	40,895	16,635	24,260
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	3,120	1,510	1,615	12,450	7,435	5,015
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	240	60	180	4,175	2,385	1,785
40. Physical sciences	6,490	4,185	2,305	29,705	20,255	9,445
41. Science technologies/technicians	780	275	505	5,255	2,675	2,580
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	33,865	22,005	11,865	132,750	91,865	40,885
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	26,790	18,700	8,085	112,715	83,240	29,470
25. Library science	2,145	445	1,700	8,720	1,665	7,055
27. Mathematics and statistics	3,955	2,245	1,710	9,725	5,815	3,915
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	980	615	370	1,585	1,150	440
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	84,315	73,625	10,690	639,185	577,845	61,335
04. Architecture and related services	4,135	2,585	1,550	24,260	13,870	10,385
14. Engineering	30,365	24,285	6,085	126,835	103,165	23,665
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	18,500	16,535	1,965	116,595	103,710	12,885
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	30	0	25	50	15	30
46. Construction trades	12,020	11,670	345	134,865	130,350	4,510
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	14,320	13,840	480	139,935	135,155	4,780
48. Precision production	4,950	4,710	240	96,655	91,580	5,075
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	9,100	5,230	3,865	69,865	45,215	24,655
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	5,545	3,305	2,235	41,755	23,965	17,795
03. Natural resources and conservation	3,555	1,925	1,630	28,110	21,250	6,860
Health and related fields	65,015	13,275	51,735	368,600	72,245	296,355
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	6,035	2,865	3,170	22,660	11,635	11,030
51. Health professions and related programs	57,175	9,560	47,615	337,320	56,510	280,810
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	1,805	845	955	8,620	4,110	4,510
Personal, protective and transportation services	26,320	13,700	12,625	229,640	118,260	111,375
12. Personal and culinary services	13,505	3,810	9,695	129,245	32,830	96,410
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	750	605	145	225	200	25
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	380	345	30	875	795	80
43. Security and protective services	8,090	5,655	2,435	42,550	32,575	9,975
49. Transportation and materials moving	3,595	3,280	315	56,750	51,860	4,890
Other	80	35	45	890	300	595
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	80	35	50	890	300	595
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	1,068,405	517,440	550,965	6,634,280	3,260,040	3,374,240
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	429,450	213,950	215,500	2,750,045	1,349,775	1,400,270
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	638,955	303,495	335,460	3,884,235	1,910,265	1,973,970
Location of study inside Canada	551,985	261,540	290,445	3,509,610	1,716,730	1,792,880
Same as province or territory of residence	456,775	216,160	240,615	3,367,195	1,642,930	1,724,270
Different than province or territory of residence	95,215	45,385	49,830	142,415	73,800	68,610
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	86,970	41,950	45,015	374,620	193,530	181,090
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	14,525	7,850	6,675	28,320	16,915	11,410
Philippines	4,675	1,400	3,275	12,515	3,600	8,920
India	5,795	2,800	3,000	6,805	3,660	3,150
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	11,880	6,695	5,185	11,250	6,535	4,715
China^{Census data footnote 162}	6,415	2,930	3,490	17,155	7,755	9,395
France	2,235	1,120	1,115	69,665	39,885	29,780
Other	41,445	19,160	22,280	228,905	115,185	113,725
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	698,620	338,065	360,555	4,371,935	2,167,810	2,204,130
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	209,630	109,610	100,015	1,389,590	720,505	669,085
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	488,995	228,450	260,540	2,982,350	1,447,305	1,535,045
Location of study inside Canada	425,425	199,260	226,160	2,676,230	1,293,455	1,382,780
Same as province or territory of residence	354,490	165,740	188,745	2,567,605	1,238,320	1,329,280
Different than province or territory of residence	70,940	33,520	37,420	108,630	55,125	53,500
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	63,570	29,190	34,375	306,115	153,850	152,265
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	10,405	5,325	5,075	19,655	11,145	8,505
Philippines	4,045	1,200	2,845	10,545	2,935	7,610
India	4,155	1,955	2,200	4,865	2,465	2,400
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	6,465	3,500	2,965	7,390	4,245	3,145
China^{Census data footnote 162}	4,740	2,090	2,650	15,420	6,865	8,550
France	1,745	855	890	57,315	32,115	25,205
Other	32,015	14,270	17,750	190,930	94,085	96,850
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	1,068,405	517,440	550,965	6,634,280	3,260,040	3,374,245
In the labour force	702,740	359,610	343,130	4,255,500	2,214,735	2,040,765
Employed	652,640	332,550	320,085	3,949,325	2,037,105	1,912,220
Unemployed	50,095	27,055	23,045	306,170	177,630	128,540
Not in the labour force	365,665	157,835	207,835	2,378,780	1,045,300	1,333,480
Participation rate	65.8	69.5	62.3	64.1	67.9	60.5
Employment rate	61.1	64.3	58.1	59.5	62.5	56.7
Unemployment rate	7.1	7.5	6.7	7.2	8.0	6.3
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	1,068,405	517,440	550,965	6,634,280	3,260,035	3,374,240
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	345,055	148,385	196,670	2,228,315	967,660	1,260,655
Worked	723,350	369,055	354,290	4,405,965	2,292,375	2,113,585
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	393,755	215,625	178,130	2,084,020	1,145,805	938,215
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	329,595	153,430	176,165	2,321,945	1,146,575	1,175,375
Average weeks worked in reference year	43.3	43.7	42.9	42.5	42.7	42.3
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	702,740	359,610	343,130	4,255,500	2,214,735	2,040,765
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	15,885	7,890	7,995	101,485	51,640	49,850
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	686,855	351,720	335,140	4,154,015	2,163,095	1,990,915
Employee	612,450	306,560	305,890	3,664,920	1,863,740	1,801,185
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	74,400	45,155	29,250	489,090	299,355	189,730
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	702,740	359,605	343,135	4,255,500	2,214,735	2,040,765
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	15,885	7,890	7,995	101,490	51,640	49,850
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	686,855	351,720	335,140	4,154,010	2,163,095	1,990,915
0 Management occupations	80,995	49,215	31,780	418,450	263,585	154,875
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	119,035	38,305	80,725	677,390	210,525	466,865
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	71,545	54,240	17,310	286,270	222,375	63,895
3 Health occupations	45,725	9,670	36,055	295,765	57,160	238,610
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	103,245	36,380	66,855	502,945	147,145	355,795
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	23,295	10,110	13,180	135,730	64,370	71,365
6 Sales and service occupations	149,205	70,075	79,130	988,610	449,820	538,790
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	71,200	66,790	4,415	574,675	544,100	30,570
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	9,060	7,160	1,905	67,290	55,610	11,685
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	13,550	9,775	3,780	206,875	148,405	58,475
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	702,740	359,610	343,135	4,255,495	2,214,735	2,040,765
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	15,885	7,890	7,995	101,490	51,635	49,850
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	686,855	351,720	335,140	4,154,010	2,163,095	1,990,915
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	9,055	6,215	2,845	84,060	60,460	23,595
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	990	870	115	20,920	18,175	2,745
22 Utilities	2,450	1,975	480	28,410	20,650	7,755
23 Construction	41,525	36,490	5,030	254,055	223,770	30,285
31-33 Manufacturing	31,190	22,205	8,990	458,315	332,080	126,240
41 Wholesale trade	17,850	12,945	4,910	157,365	104,885	52,475
44-45 Retail trade	75,870	38,075	37,795	508,170	239,625	268,545
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	24,045	17,710	6,335	187,550	142,550	45,000
51 Information and cultural industries	16,670	10,250	6,415	100,775	59,705	41,070
52 Finance and insurance	21,070	9,250	11,825	165,140	66,175	98,965
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	11,830	6,495	5,335	61,380	36,505	24,875
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	60,520	36,080	24,440	288,715	161,030	127,685
55 Management of companies and enterprises	510	175	330	3,305	1,270	2,035
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	30,445	18,305	12,145	176,185	108,280	67,905
61 Educational services	53,405	17,210	36,190	306,575	96,170	210,405
62 Health care and social assistance	78,085	15,090	62,990	532,680	99,380	433,295
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	13,660	6,610	7,050	84,130	44,235	39,895
72 Accommodation and food services	45,375	21,250	24,125	278,500	123,235	155,265
81 Other services (except public administration)	29,240	12,510	16,735	193,700	89,455	104,245
91 Public administration	123,065	62,010	61,060	264,085	135,455	128,630
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	652,640	332,555	320,090	3,949,325	2,037,105	1,912,220
Worked at home	49,365	25,020	24,345	266,285	134,325	131,960
Worked outside Canada	2,645	1,750	900	10,600	7,580	3,020
No fixed workplace address	60,140	43,835	16,305	351,595	265,405	86,185
Worked at usual place	540,490	261,955	278,535	3,320,850	1,629,795	1,691,050
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	540,485	261,955	278,535	3,320,845	1,629,795	1,691,050
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	417,985	200,955	217,035	1,732,155	810,895	921,260
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	38,500	17,415	21,085	485,450	234,700	250,750
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	58,160	30,120	28,040	1,037,125	549,095	488,030
Commute to a different province or territory	25,840	13,460	12,375	66,125	35,110	31,015
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	600,625	305,785	294,835	3,672,445	1,895,200	1,777,240
Car, truck, van - as a driver	412,355	221,815	190,535	2,739,405	1,475,775	1,263,625
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	35,605	12,215	23,395	133,760	51,045	82,715
Public transit	94,295	42,020	52,275	503,285	217,465	285,820
Walked	40,190	18,760	21,425	205,350	93,595	111,760
Bicycle	12,205	7,915	4,295	54,625	36,470	18,155
Other method	5,980	3,070	2,915	36,010	20,845	15,170
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	600,625	305,790	294,840	3,672,440	1,895,200	1,777,240
Less than 15 minutes	139,170	66,285	72,890	1,035,455	493,225	542,235
15 to 29 minutes	210,425	107,875	102,555	1,200,455	617,010	583,445
30 to 44 minutes	139,445	73,540	65,900	777,955	425,640	352,310
45 to 59 minutes	62,500	31,865	30,635	343,540	184,440	159,100
60 minutes and over	49,090	26,220	22,865	315,035	174,875	140,160
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	600,625	305,790	294,835	3,672,440	1,895,205	1,777,240
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	35,955	24,205	11,750	256,150	192,835	63,315
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	115,025	65,360	49,670	675,585	420,120	255,465
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	172,655	83,070	89,590	1,133,510	527,925	605,580
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	133,920	61,450	72,470	714,935	296,300	418,630
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	62,930	28,890	34,035	349,845	148,715	201,125
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	80,140	42,815	37,330	542,425	309,295	233,125
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	743,640	379,030	364,615	4,529,770	2,352,115	2,177,655
Single responses	708,500	363,055	345,450	4,187,865	2,169,480	2,018,385
Official languages	704,805	361,190	343,615	4,153,710	2,152,290	2,001,420
English	654,615	340,055	314,560	541,720	294,935	246,780
French	50,195	21,135	29,055	3,611,990	1,857,350	1,754,640
Non-official languages	3,695	1,860	1,830	34,160	17,190	16,970
Aboriginal languages	45	10	40	12,670	6,180	6,490
Algonquian languages	0	0	10	8,350	4,095	4,260
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	10	0	0	8,285	4,060	4,220
Atikamekw	0	0	0	1,100	580	515
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	1,800	840	960
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	210	105	100
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	35	20	15
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	10	5,145	2,515	2,630
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	30	20	10
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	25	20	10
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	45	15	25
Algonquin	0	0	0	45	20	30
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	25	10	25	4,305	2,080	2,220
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	25	0	20	4,290	2,075	2,215
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Iroquoian languages	10	0	10	15	0	15
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	10	0	10	10	0	15
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	10	0	0	0	10
Non-Aboriginal languages	3,650	1,855	1,795	21,490	11,005	10,480
Afro-Asiatic languages	610	360	245	1,895	1,125	775
Berber languages	0	0	0	35	10	30
Kabyle	0	0	0	15	0	20
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	0	10
Cushitic languages	20	0	20	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	20	0	20	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	590	360	230	1,860	1,110	745
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	565	345	220	1,715	1,045	665
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	10	0	10
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	20	10	10	140	70	70
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	10	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	135	50	90	1,725	850	870
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	315	140	175
Vietnamese	135	45	90	1,410	710	695
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	45	20	20	135	65	70
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	10	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	10	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	10
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	30	10	20	115	50	60
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	10	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	25	15	15	275	90	190
Haitian Creole	0	0	10	10	0	10
Creole, n.o.s.	20	10	10	265	90	175
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Dravidian languages	15	15	0	150	75	75
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	10	0	0	0	0
Tamil	10	10	0	145	75	70
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	10
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Indo-European languages	1,015	465	555	10,165	5,255	4,910
Albanian	0	0	0	30	20	10
Armenian	0	0	0	275	130	145
Balto-Slavic languages	275	100	180	1,130	500	635
Baltic languages	0	0	0	15	0	10
Latvian	0	0	0	15	10	10
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	10	0
Slavic languages	275	100	180	1,115	495	625
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	10	10	0	10	0	0
Bulgarian	10	10	0	55	20	30
Croatian	10	10	0	10	0	10
Czech	0	0	0	10	0	10
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	45	15	30	170	65	105
Russian	155	45	105	735	340	395
Serbian	20	10	15	10	15	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	30	10	15	110	35	75
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	195	90	105	1,285	575	715
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	10	10	10	15	10	0
Dutch	20	10	10	25	10	15
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	150	65	80	370	170	195
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Swedish	10	0	10	15	10	10
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	10	0	0	860	375	485
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	20	15	0	525	260	270
Indo-Iranian languages	120	60	60	1,385	780	600
Indo-Aryan languages	60	35	25	680	390	295
Bengali	10	10	0	110	70	35
Gujarati	0	0	0	20	0	10
Hindi	20	10	10	35	20	15
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	10	0	10	20	0	10
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	10	415	225	190
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	25	10	15	85	50	35
Iranian languages	60	25	35	700	395	305
Kurdish	0	0	0	15	0	15
Pashto	10	10	0	10	0	15
Persian (Farsi)	50	20	30	675	385	285
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	400	200	200	5,525	2,990	2,540
Catalan	0	0	0	15	0	15
Italian	45	30	15	590	315	275
Portuguese	85	60	25	635	365	270
Romanian	0	0	0	320	140	175
Spanish	265	115	155	3,975	2,165	1,810
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Japanese	65	30	30	235	80	150
Kartvelian languages	0	0	10	10	0	10
Georgian	10	0	0	10	0	0
Korean	85	45	40	300	150	150
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	30	10	20	45	25	20
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	10	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	10	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	0	15	0	10	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	10	0	0	25	20	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	10	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	10	0	0	0	10
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	45	15	30	205	60	140
American Sign Language	30	15	15	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	10	125	20	110
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	10	0	70	45	30
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,490	785	705	6,070	3,125	2,945
Chinese languages	1,480	780	700	6,075	3,130	2,950
Cantonese	570	320	250	2,655	1,325	1,330
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	840	400	435	3,100	1,630	1,465
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	0	0	70	40	30
Wu (Shanghainese)	10	0	0	15	10	10
Chinese, n.o.s.	60	50	10	235	130	110
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	10	10	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	10	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	45	25	20	110	40	75
Lao	10	10	0	55	25	30
Thai	30	15	20	55	10	40
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	25	15	10	110	60	50
Azerbaijani	0	10	0	0	0	0
Turkish	15	10	15	110	55	55
Uyghur	10	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	10	0	10	40	10	40
Estonian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Finnish	10	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	35	0	35
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	10	0	10	0	10
Multiple responses	35,140	15,975	19,165	341,900	182,635	159,265
English and French	30,790	13,890	16,900	315,620	169,365	146,255
English and non-official language	3,515	1,690	1,820	6,545	3,655	2,890
French and non-official language	80	30	50	7,525	3,460	4,065
English, French and non-official language	755	360	395	12,205	6,160	6,055
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	743,640	379,030	364,615	4,529,770	2,352,110	2,177,655
None	566,030	296,190	269,840	3,107,035	1,588,345	1,518,690
English	35,750	15,935	19,820	1,031,380	555,940	475,440
French	130,475	61,260	69,215	317,490	169,785	147,705
Non-official language	9,735	4,885	4,850	49,850	25,900	23,950
Aboriginal	215	70	145	4,985	2,285	2,705
Non-Aboriginal	9,520	4,810	4,710	44,865	23,620	21,245
English and French	125	45	75	2,185	1,040	1,140
English and non-official language	190	90	100	14,910	7,255	7,655
French and non-official language	1,335	625	710	6,855	3,795	3,055
English, French and non-official language	10	10	0	65	50	20
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	1,268,015	619,000	649,010	7,880,315	3,897,740	3,982,575
Non-movers	1,106,320	539,960	566,355	6,965,520	3,447,320	3,518,195
Movers	161,690	79,040	82,650	914,800	450,420	464,380
Non-migrants	104,650	51,185	53,465	547,410	269,850	277,560
Migrants	57,040	27,850	29,190	367,385	180,565	186,820
Internal migrants	43,950	21,260	22,690	305,465	149,335	156,135
Intraprovincial migrants	30,305	14,510	15,795	284,280	137,945	146,330
Interprovincial migrants	13,650	6,750	6,900	21,190	11,385	9,805
External migrants	13,090	6,590	6,495	61,920	31,235	30,685
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	1,214,280	591,935	622,350	7,520,960	3,714,155	3,806,805
Non-movers	756,280	369,020	387,260	4,825,870	2,388,805	2,437,065
Movers	458,000	222,920	235,085	2,695,090	1,325,345	1,369,740
Non-migrants	280,220	136,475	143,745	1,507,665	741,220	766,440
Migrants	177,775	86,440	91,335	1,187,425	584,125	603,295
Internal migrants	134,375	64,655	69,720	949,170	464,830	484,340
Intraprovincial migrants	92,215	44,285	47,930	893,800	436,525	457,270
Interprovincial migrants	42,165	20,375	21,785	55,370	28,300	27,070
External migrants	43,400	21,785	21,615	238,250	119,295	118,960

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 35 referrer

Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 36 referrer

Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 37 referrer

Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 38 referrer

Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Return to footnote 43 referrer

Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Return to footnote 180 referrer

Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Return to footnote 181 referrer

Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Ottawa [Economic region], Ontario and Quebec [Province] (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 13, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Ottawa [Economic region], Ontario and Quebec [Province]

Census Profile, 2016 Census Ottawa [Economic region], Ontario and Quebec [Province]

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Ottawa [Economic region], Ontario and Quebec [Province]