Census Profile, 2016 Census
Hamilton--Niagara Peninsula [Economic region], Ontario and Canada [Country]

The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).

Characteristic	Hamilton--Niagara Peninsula Ontario [Economic region]			Canada [Country]
	Data quality , Hamilton--Niagara Peninsula [Economic region], Ontario  Map : Hamilton--Niagara Peninsula [Economic region], Ontario Change geography 1			Data quality : Canada [Country]  Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016Census data footnote 1	1,412,714	...	...	35,151,728	...	...
Population, 2011Census data footnote 1	1,372,227	...	...	33,476,688	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	3.0	...	...	5.0	...	...
Total private dwellingsCensus data footnote 2	594,569	...	...	15,412,443	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residentsCensus data footnote 3	563,078	...	...	14,072,079	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	197.7	...	...	3.9	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	7,145.17	...	...	8,965,588.85	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% dataCensus data footnote 4	1,412,715	687,705	725,010	35,151,730	17,264,200	17,887,530
0 to 14 years	225,750	115,945	109,805	5,839,565	2,992,920	2,846,645
0 to 4 years	71,525	36,645	34,880	1,898,790	973,030	925,760
5 to 9 years	76,425	39,140	37,285	2,018,130	1,034,685	983,445
10 to 14 years	77,800	40,160	37,645	1,922,645	985,200	937,445
15 to 64 years	916,545	450,715	465,830	23,376,530	11,576,130	11,800,400
15 to 19 years	83,370	42,725	40,640	2,026,160	1,039,215	986,940
20 to 24 years	89,390	45,650	43,745	2,242,690	1,144,495	1,098,200
25 to 29 years	83,545	41,910	41,635	2,285,990	1,144,470	1,141,515
30 to 34 years	83,325	40,840	42,480	2,329,395	1,148,290	1,181,110
35 to 39 years	81,820	39,735	42,085	2,288,365	1,118,635	1,169,730
40 to 44 years	86,250	41,770	44,480	2,255,135	1,104,440	1,150,695
45 to 49 years	94,655	45,990	48,665	2,359,965	1,157,760	1,202,210
50 to 54 years	110,840	54,120	56,715	2,678,075	1,318,755	1,359,320
55 to 59 years	107,535	52,325	55,210	2,620,240	1,285,190	1,335,055
60 to 64 years	95,825	45,650	50,175	2,290,510	1,114,885	1,175,630
65 years and over	270,420	121,045	149,375	5,935,630	2,695,150	3,240,485
65 to 69 years	85,315	40,640	44,675	1,972,480	953,075	1,019,405
70 to 74 years	63,170	29,935	33,240	1,420,875	677,975	742,900
75 to 79 years	46,765	21,500	25,265	1,021,850	469,550	552,300
80 to 84 years	35,735	15,160	20,570	749,650	325,765	423,880
85 years and over	39,435	13,810	25,625	770,780	268,790	501,990
85 to 89 years	24,635	9,445	15,190	482,525	185,535	296,990
90 to 94 years	11,740	3,660	8,080	223,510	68,675	154,835
95 to 99 years	2,720	655	2,065	56,525	13,240	43,280
100 years and over	335	50	290	8,230	1,340	6,890
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16.0	16.9	15.1	16.6	17.3	15.9
15 to 64 years	64.9	65.5	64.3	66.5	67.1	66.0
65 years and over	19.1	17.6	20.6	16.9	15.6	18.1
85 years and over	2.8	2.0	3.5	2.2	1.6	2.8
Average age of the population	42.4	41.2	43.5	41.0	40.1	41.9
Median age of the population	43.5	42.1	44.7	41.2	40.2	42.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% dataCensus data footnote 5	563,075	...	...	14,072,080	...	...
Single-detached house	353,520	...	...	7,541,495	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	59,555	...	...	1,391,040	...	...
Other attached dwellingCensus data footnote 6	149,055	...	...	4,949,795	...	...
Semi-detached house	23,160	...	...	698,800	...	...
Row house	56,795	...	...	891,305	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	16,420	...	...	784,300	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	51,150	...	...	2,539,390	...	...
Other single-attached house	1,535	...	...	36,005	...	...
Movable dwellingCensus data footnote 7	945	...	...	189,755	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% dataCensus data footnote 8	563,075	...	...	14,072,080	...	...
1 person	152,595	...	...	3,969,790	...	...
2 persons	195,645	...	...	4,834,605	...	...
3 persons	87,915	...	...	2,140,640	...	...
4 persons	80,560	...	...	1,946,275	...	...
5 or more persons	46,360	...	...	1,180,770	...	...
Number of persons in private households	1,386,050	...	...	34,460,060	...	...
Average household size	2.5	...	...	2.4	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% dataCensus data footnote 9	1,186,960	571,760	615,200	29,312,160	14,271,280	15,040,885
Married or living common law	679,850	340,020	339,835	16,893,720	8,452,135	8,441,585
Married	577,165	288,750	288,420	13,383,455	6,693,465	6,689,990
Living common law	102,685	51,270	51,415	3,510,265	1,758,670	1,751,590
Not married and not living common law	507,115	231,745	275,370	12,418,440	5,819,140	6,599,300
Never married	314,030	169,265	144,765	8,254,340	4,444,425	3,809,915
Separated	39,355	16,815	22,540	718,295	309,905	408,400
Divorced	75,235	29,560	45,670	1,816,005	725,535	1,090,470
Widowed	78,495	16,100	62,390	1,629,800	339,280	1,290,525
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% dataCensus data footnote 10	403,805	...	...	9,840,730	...	...
2 persons	205,605	...	...	5,007,790	...	...
3 persons	86,630	...	...	2,107,830	...	...
4 persons	77,960	...	...	1,909,935	...	...
5 or more persons	33,610	...	...	815,170	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% dataCensus data footnote 11	403,805	...	...	9,840,730	...	...
Total couple families	332,835	...	...	8,227,925	...	...
Married couples	281,515	...	...	6,474,005	...	...
Common-law couples	51,320	...	...	1,753,920	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	70,970	...	...	1,612,805	...	...
Female parent	56,515	...	...	1,262,340	...	...
Male parent	14,455	...	...	350,465	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	332,835	...	...	8,227,925	...	...
Couples without children	162,560	...	...	4,024,305	...	...
Couples with children	170,280	...	...	4,203,615	...	...
1 child	66,295	...	...	1,650,165	...	...
2 children	72,260	...	...	1,783,080	...	...
3 or more children	31,730	...	...	770,375	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	70,970	...	...	1,612,805	...	...
1 child	43,050	...	...	983,485	...	...
2 children	20,340	...	...	457,670	...	...
3 or more children	7,580	...	...	171,655	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	222,355	102,175	120,180	6,107,260	2,941,395	3,165,865
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% dataCensus data footnote 12	563,080	...	...	14,072,075	...	...
One-census-family households	381,720	...	...	9,218,225	...	...
Without children in a census familyCensus data footnote 13	153,745	...	...	3,782,095	...	...
With children in a census familyCensus data footnote 14	227,975	...	...	5,436,135	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	10,840	...	...	301,715	...	...
Non-census-family households	170,515	...	...	4,552,135	...	...
One-person households	152,595	...	...	3,969,790	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	17,920	...	...	582,350	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% dataCensus data footnote 15	1,394,645	680,740	713,910	34,767,255	17,101,170	17,666,080
English only	1,288,005	635,420	652,585	23,757,525	11,838,075	11,919,455
French only	925	385	540	4,144,685	1,925,845	2,218,840
English and French	89,895	38,470	51,430	6,216,065	3,071,325	3,144,740
Neither English nor French	15,825	6,465	9,360	648,970	265,920	383,045
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% dataCensus data footnote 16	1,394,645	680,735	713,910	34,767,250	17,101,165	17,666,085
English	1,351,300	661,665	689,635	26,007,500	12,852,330	13,155,165
French	23,725	10,820	12,900	7,705,755	3,780,105	3,925,650
English and French	4,175	1,990	2,180	417,485	209,130	208,355
Neither English nor French	15,450	6,260	9,195	636,515	259,600	376,910
Official language minority (number)Census data footnote 17	25,810	11,820	13,990	7,914,495	3,884,670	4,029,825
Official language minority (percentage)Census data footnote 17	1.9	1.7	2.0	22.8	22.7	22.8
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% dataCensus data footnote 18	1,394,650	680,735	713,910	34,767,255	17,101,170	17,666,085
Single responses	1,371,235	669,490	701,745	33,948,620	16,702,840	17,245,775
Official languages	1,132,260	555,855	576,405	26,627,555	13,201,620	13,425,940
English	1,107,860	544,725	563,130	19,460,850	9,680,125	9,780,725
French	24,400	11,130	13,270	7,166,705	3,521,495	3,645,215
Non-official languages	238,980	113,635	125,340	7,321,065	3,501,220	3,819,840
Aboriginal languages	205	95	110	195,700	94,795	100,900
Algonquian languages	90	40	50	130,450	62,930	67,520
Blackfoot	0	0	0	2,815	1,325	1,490
Cree-Montagnais languages	15	5	10	88,445	42,920	45,530
Atikamekw	0	0	0	6,150	3,135	3,015
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	10,230	4,885	5,350
Moose Cree	0	0	0	100	50	55
Naskapi	0	0	0	1,205	590	620
Northern East Cree	5	0	0	315	125	190
Plains Cree	0	0	0	3,065	1,360	1,710
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	45	20	25
Swampy Cree	5	0	5	1,440	585	850
Woods Cree	0	0	0	1,840	865	975
Cree, n.o.s.	10	5	10	64,050	31,305	32,745
Eastern Algonquian languages	10	5	5	6,990	3,310	3,680
Malecite	5	5	0	305	140	160
Mi'kmaq	10	5	5	6,690	3,170	3,520
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	60	25	30	32,150	15,350	16,800
Algonquin	0	0	0	1,260	590	670
Ojibway	55	25	35	17,890	8,440	9,450
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	12,855	6,260	6,595
Ottawa (Odawa)	5	0	0	150	65	85
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	45	25	20
Athabaskan languages	5	0	0	17,365	8,325	9,045
Northern Athabaskan languages	5	0	5	17,315	8,310	9,010
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	110	55	60
Beaver	0	0	0	190	85	105
Carrier	0	0	5	1,025	465	565
Chilcotin	0	0	0	660	295	360
Dene	0	0	0	10,700	5,185	5,515
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	1,645	840	815
Gwich'in	0	0	0	260	110	145
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	80	25	50
Sekani	0	0	0	90	45	45
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	1,995	950	1,045
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	765	365	400
South Slavey	0	0	0	945	455	495
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	280	130	150
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	270	135	140
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	180	90	90
Tahltan	0	0	0	95	40	50
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	290	120	170
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	215	90	135
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	70	30	40
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	50	20	35
Haida	0	0	0	75	35	40
Inuit languages	10	5	0	36,545	18,100	18,445
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	1,025	445	575
Inuktitut	5	5	0	35,215	17,530	17,680
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	315	125	185
Iroquoian languages	80	40	45	1,115	485	635
Cayuga	35	15	15	45	20	20
Mohawk	50	25	25	980	430	555
Oneida	5	0	0	55	20	40
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	35	15	20
Kutenai	0	0	0	105	55	55
Michif	0	0	0	465	230	235
Salish languages	0	0	0	2,305	1,130	1,180
Comox	0	0	0	80	45	40
Halkomelem	0	0	0	475	225	245
Lillooet	0	0	0	315	155	155
Okanagan	0	0	0	270	135	135
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	445	225	220
Squamish	0	0	0	40	20	20
Straits	0	0	0	80	40	40
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	335	150	185
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	255	135	125
Siouan languages	5	5	0	4,285	2,070	2,220
Dakota	0	0	0	1,215	570	635
Stoney	0	0	0	3,025	1,465	1,555
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	55	30	25
Tlingit	0	0	0	95	40	55
Tsimshian languages	0	5	0	1,480	730	755
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	880	435	445
Nisga'a	0	0	0	400	200	200
Tsimshian	0	0	0	200	90	110
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	805	370	435
Haisla	0	0	0	90	40	50
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	95	40	55
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	325	145	185
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	285	135	140
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	20	10	5	585	295	295
Non-Aboriginal languages	238,775	113,540	125,235	7,125,365	3,406,425	3,718,945
Afro-Asiatic languages	18,630	9,555	9,075	575,365	298,060	277,300
Berber languages	35	25	10	22,135	11,865	10,270
Kabyle	0	5	0	13,150	6,995	6,155
Berber languages, n.i.e.	30	20	15	8,985	4,865	4,115
Cushitic languages	1,255	585	670	42,885	20,095	22,790
Bilen	5	0	0	805	455	350
Oromo	55	30	25	4,960	2,560	2,400
Somali	1,190	550	640	36,755	16,895	19,865
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	365	195	170
Semitic languages	17,280	8,925	8,355	509,190	265,465	243,725
Amharic	275	130	145	22,465	10,720	11,745
Arabic	13,440	7,010	6,430	419,890	220,785	199,105
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	2,345	1,155	1,195	16,070	7,910	8,160
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	245	130	120	5,545	2,780	2,770
Harari	10	0	5	1,320	635	685
Hebrew	245	145	105	19,530	10,480	9,045
Maltese	390	200	190	5,565	2,765	2,800
Tigrigna	185	90	95	16,650	8,310	8,340
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	150	70	80	2,155	1,085	1,070
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	55	25	35	1,155	635	520
Austro-Asiatic languages	5,995	2,765	3,225	176,725	81,810	94,920
Khmer (Cambodian)	1,050	470	580	20,130	9,270	10,860
Vietnamese	4,940	2,295	2,645	156,425	72,470	83,955
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	170	65	100
Austronesian languages	9,375	3,545	5,830	511,480	211,580	299,900
Bikol	35	15	20	1,790	790	1,000
Cebuano	360	135	225	19,890	7,930	11,960
Fijian	10	5	5	745	400	345
Hiligaynon	90	30	60	6,885	2,680	4,205
Ilocano	510	210	290	26,345	10,620	15,720
Malagasy	0	0	0	1,430	665	760
Malay	210	70	135	12,275	5,255	7,020
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	80	35	40	4,040	1,865	2,175
Pangasinan	15	5	10	1,390	590	800
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	7,965	2,990	4,975	431,380	178,575	252,810
Waray-Waray	20	5	10	1,110	430	675
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	85	35	50	4,195	1,770	2,425
Creole languages	595	290	300	72,125	32,310	39,820
Haitian Creole	65	30	35	3,030	1,445	1,590
Creole, n.o.s.	365	175	185	64,105	28,455	35,660
Creole languages, n.i.e.	165	85	75	4,985	2,410	2,575
Dravidian languages	2,310	1,145	1,165	189,405	94,765	94,640
Kannada	95	55	45	3,970	2,040	1,935
Malayalam	1,130	570	565	28,570	14,770	13,800
Tamil	835	395	435	140,720	69,080	71,640
Telugu	245	130	115	15,655	8,640	7,020
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	490	240	250
Hmong-Mien languages	5	0	0	795	395	405
Indo-European languages	169,665	81,270	88,400	3,877,330	1,889,400	1,987,930
Albanian	1,650	830	825	26,890	13,610	13,285
Armenian	620	300	320	33,455	16,270	17,185
Balto-Slavic languages	47,215	21,605	25,615	701,975	323,640	378,340
Baltic languages	1,250	515	735	12,530	5,315	7,215
Latvian	510	210	305	5,455	2,350	3,105
Lithuanian	740	305	430	7,075	2,965	4,115
Slavic languages	45,965	21,090	24,875	689,450	318,325	371,115
Belarusan	25	10	20	810	385	430
Bosnian	1,255	635	620	12,210	6,035	6,180
Bulgarian	600	280	320	20,025	9,675	10,345
Croatian	6,890	3,360	3,525	48,200	23,540	24,665
Czech	1,600	725	870	22,290	10,525	11,765
Macedonian	760	370	390	16,775	8,050	8,725
Polish	15,655	6,885	8,770	181,710	82,435	99,275
Russian	3,650	1,570	2,080	188,255	85,400	102,855
Serbian	7,975	3,985	3,990	57,350	28,535	28,815
Serbo-Croatian	625	295	330	9,555	4,565	4,985
Slovak	1,250	545	700	17,580	8,075	9,510
Slovene (Slovenian)	1,150	505	645	9,790	4,415	5,370
Ukrainian	4,360	1,835	2,525	102,485	45,440	57,040
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	170	95	75	2,415	1,255	1,165
Celtic languages	105	45	55	2,690	1,335	1,360
Scottish Gaelic	50	20	25	1,090	540	550
Welsh	40	20	20	1,075	495	575
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	530	295	235
Germanic languages	28,855	13,395	15,455	538,765	258,410	280,350
Afrikaans	370	175	195	10,265	5,115	5,145
Danish	515	230	280	12,630	6,245	6,390
Dutch	10,235	4,855	5,385	99,020	48,200	50,820
Frisian	285	150	135	2,100	1,095	1,005
German	16,550	7,595	8,950	384,035	183,215	200,820
Icelandic	30	15	20	1,285	600	685
Norwegian	80	35	45	4,615	2,170	2,445
Swedish	205	80	125	6,840	3,015	3,825
Vlaams (Flemish)	510	220	290	3,895	1,730	2,165
Yiddish	60	40	25	13,555	6,750	6,800
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	5	525	280	240
Greek	3,090	1,590	1,495	106,525	53,350	53,170
Indo-Iranian languages	27,740	14,085	13,655	1,312,750	664,120	648,630
Indo-Aryan languages	22,070	11,230	10,835	1,064,760	538,530	526,235
Bengali	1,570	790	775	73,125	37,410	35,720
Gujarati	2,820	1,495	1,325	108,780	55,105	53,670
Hindi	2,115	1,140	975	110,640	55,880	54,765
Kashmiri	20	10	15	565	300	265
Konkani	80	40	40	3,330	1,625	1,710
Marathi	180	95	90	8,295	4,300	3,995
Nepali	290	150	140	18,275	9,230	9,045
Oriya (Odia)	15	10	5	1,055	560	495
Punjabi (Panjabi)	8,440	4,210	4,235	501,680	253,515	248,160
Sindhi	185	100	85	11,860	5,605	6,260
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	440	220	225	16,335	8,050	8,285
Urdu	5,895	2,965	2,930	210,815	106,960	103,860
Iranian languages	5,525	2,770	2,755	242,805	122,835	119,970
Kurdish	1,275	665	610	11,705	6,345	5,355
Pashto	415	210	205	16,910	8,760	8,145
Persian (Farsi)	3,835	1,895	1,940	214,200	107,725	106,470
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	145	80	65	5,180	2,755	2,425
Italic (Romance) languages	60,390	29,410	30,980	1,154,270	558,660	595,615
Catalan	25	15	10	865	440	425
Italian	29,625	14,430	15,195	375,635	184,415	191,220
Portuguese	11,585	5,745	5,845	221,540	106,630	114,910
Romanian	3,010	1,430	1,580	96,665	46,195	50,470
Spanish	16,090	7,765	8,325	458,850	220,605	238,245
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	50	30	25	720	380	340
Japanese	805	265	540	43,640	14,790	28,855
Kartvelian languages	30	10	10	1,715	910	805
Georgian	25	15	10	1,715	910	805
Korean	3,725	1,705	2,020	153,425	70,310	83,115
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	1,575	690	885
Mongolian	5	0	0	1,575	690	880
Niger-Congo languages	2,210	1,020	1,190	91,375	45,075	46,305
Akan (Twi)	370	175	190	13,455	6,490	6,970
Bamanankan	0	0	0	1,535	815	720
Edo	30	15	15	1,670	770	900
Ewe	40	15	25	1,760	950	805
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	5	0	10	2,825	1,495	1,335
Ga	35	15	20	920	445	470
Ganda	45	25	20	1,295	625	665
Igbo	95	45	45	4,235	2,265	1,970
Lingala	40	20	25	3,810	1,785	2,025
Rundi (Kirundi)	80	35	45	5,845	2,785	3,060
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	90	40	50	5,250	2,355	2,895
Shona	340	145	195	3,180	1,520	1,665
Swahili	450	200	250	13,370	6,385	6,990
Wolof	5	5	5	3,990	2,170	1,820
Yoruba	170	100	75	9,085	4,785	4,300
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	405	180	225	19,135	9,435	9,695
Nilo-Saharan languages	160	80	75	5,870	3,025	2,845
Dinka	15	5	5	2,120	1,115	1,000
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	140	70	70	3,755	1,910	1,840
Sign languages	295	150	145	7,500	3,925	3,575
American Sign Language	125	55	70	2,685	1,320	1,360
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	695	340	355
Sign languages, n.i.e	170	95	75	4,120	2,265	1,860
Sino-Tibetan languages	16,015	7,535	8,480	1,269,215	589,570	679,645
Chinese languages	15,615	7,335	8,285	1,253,360	581,650	671,715
Cantonese	5,070	2,380	2,690	565,270	262,865	302,405
Hakka	70	30	40	10,910	4,900	6,015
Mandarin	9,205	4,310	4,900	592,040	274,630	317,410
Min Dong	10	0	5	1,230	580	650
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	355	175	180	31,795	14,450	17,350
Wu (Shanghainese)	145	65	85	12,915	5,780	7,140
Chinese, n.o.s.	755	365	385	38,580	18,165	20,410
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	610	275	335
Tibeto-Burman languages	400	205	190	15,850	7,925	7,935
Burmese	100	45	55	3,585	1,795	1,790
Karenic languages	260	135	120	4,705	2,355	2,350
Tibetan	20	10	10	6,165	3,080	3,080
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	1,400	695	705
Tai-Kadai languages	985	435	550	22,010	8,870	13,145
Lao	650	315	335	12,670	6,145	6,525
Thai	335	125	210	9,255	2,690	6,565
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	5	0	0	80	35	55
Turkic languages	1,365	720	645	40,140	21,120	19,025
Azerbaijani	70	40	35	3,260	1,785	1,470
Turkish	1,215	645	570	32,815	17,375	15,440
Uyghur	15	10	10	1,035	510	525
Uzbek	20	10	10	1,715	855	865
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	45	25	20	1,315	590	720
Uralic languages	6,520	2,970	3,545	81,985	37,790	44,195
Estonian	375	165	210	5,445	2,325	3,115
Finnish	355	145	210	15,295	6,395	8,900
Hungarian	5,790	2,665	3,125	61,235	29,060	32,175
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5
Other languages, n.i.e.	100	65	40	3,690	2,045	1,645
Multiple responses	23,410	11,250	12,165	818,635	398,325	420,305
English and French	3,740	1,745	1,995	165,320	80,460	84,860
English and non-official language	18,415	8,915	9,495	533,265	259,160	274,100
French and non-official language	735	345	395	86,150	42,170	43,985
English, French and non-official language	520	245	280	33,900	16,535	17,365
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% dataCensus data footnote 19	1,394,650	680,735	713,910	34,767,250	17,101,165	17,666,085
Single responses	1,346,190	657,610	688,575	33,103,860	16,298,475	16,805,395
Official languages	1,243,960	609,075	634,885	29,106,670	14,383,020	14,723,645
English	1,236,675	605,825	630,850	22,162,865	10,966,135	11,196,730
French	7,290	3,250	4,040	6,943,800	3,416,890	3,526,910
Non-official languages	102,230	48,540	53,690	3,997,195	1,915,450	2,081,750
Aboriginal languages	50	20	25	118,470	59,720	58,750
Algonquian languages	30	15	20	75,080	37,825	37,260
Blackfoot	0	0	0	1,115	555	555
Cree-Montagnais languages	10	5	5	55,825	28,135	27,685
Atikamekw	0	0	0	5,465	2,825	2,640
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	8,590	4,195	4,395
Moose Cree	0	0	0	10	5	5
Naskapi	0	0	0	1,200	595	605
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	110	55	60
Plains Cree	0	0	0	1,350	665	685
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	20	5	15
Swampy Cree	0	0	5	330	140	190
Woods Cree	0	0	0	800	410	390
Cree, n.o.s.	10	5	5	37,945	19,240	18,710
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	3,615	1,795	1,820
Malecite	0	0	0	55	30	30
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	3,560	1,770	1,795
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	20	10	10	14,525	7,335	7,190
Algonquin	0	0	0	370	170	200
Ojibway	20	5	15	6,175	3,165	3,015
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	7,900	3,960	3,940
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	75	40	35
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	5
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	10,265	5,125	5,135
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	10,255	5,120	5,135
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	15	10	10
Beaver	0	0	0	50	30	20
Carrier	0	0	0	245	115	130
Chilcotin	0	0	0	255	125	130
Dene	0	0	0	7,710	3,805	3,905
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	1,020	550	475
Gwich'in	0	0	0	45	25	25
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	10	5	5
Sekani	0	0	0	15	10	5
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	820	425	395
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	340	180	155
South Slavey	0	0	0	370	190	185
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	105	55	55
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	25	15	15
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	25	10	10
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	5	5
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	30	15	15
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	25	15	10
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	10	0	5
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	5	5
Haida	0	0	0	10	5	0
Inuit languages	5	0	0	29,490	14,995	14,495
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	165	75	90
Inuktitut	0	0	0	29,230	14,885	14,345
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	90	40	55
Iroquoian languages	10	5	5	285	135	155
Cayuga	5	5	5	10	0	5
Mohawk	5	5	0	255	115	140
Oneida	0	0	0	15	5	10
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	5	0	5
Kutenai	0	0	0	15	10	5
Michif	0	0	0	85	40	45
Salish languages	0	0	0	285	130	150
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	45	20	25
Lillooet	0	0	0	25	15	10
Okanagan	0	0	0	85	35	45
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	55	30	20
Squamish	0	0	0	5	0	5
Straits	0	0	0	20	10	15
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	20	10	10
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	15	10
Siouan languages	0	0	0	2,225	1,085	1,140
Dakota	0	0	0	255	140	120
Stoney	0	0	0	1,950	940	1,010
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	10	15
Tlingit	0	0	0	5	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	410	210	190
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	315	155	155
Nisga'a	0	0	0	70	40	30
Tsimshian	0	0	0	25	15	15
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	75	45	35
Haisla	0	0	0	20	10	15
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	5	5	5
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	20	10	10
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	30	15	15
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	5	0	5	235	110	125
Non-Aboriginal languages	102,180	48,520	53,665	3,878,725	1,855,730	2,022,995
Afro-Asiatic languages	10,650	5,280	5,375	307,755	153,275	154,480
Berber languages	15	10	0	8,105	4,215	3,895
Kabyle	0	0	0	5,490	2,855	2,640
Berber languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	2,620	1,365	1,260
Cushitic languages	825	375	450	27,095	12,455	14,640
Bilen	0	0	5	620	330	285
Oromo	35	20	20	3,410	1,700	1,710
Somali	785	360	425	22,895	10,340	12,555
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	185	85	95
Semitic languages	9,775	4,875	4,905	272,100	136,390	135,720
Amharic	80	40	45	12,780	6,010	6,770
Arabic	7,725	3,845	3,875	223,540	112,690	110,850
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	1,480	735	745	10,510	5,090	5,425
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	155	85	75	3,445	1,695	1,750
Harari	0	0	0	735	335	400
Hebrew	100	50	55	8,560	4,425	4,135
Maltese	45	25	20	1,130	525	605
Tigrigna	95	50	40	10,205	5,040	5,170
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	95	50	45	1,200	585	620
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	35	15	20	440	215	230
Austro-Asiatic languages	3,770	1,760	2,010	115,210	53,500	61,710
Khmer (Cambodian)	550	240	310	10,880	4,940	5,945
Vietnamese	3,220	1,525	1,700	104,245	48,525	55,725
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	85	40	45
Austronesian languages	3,850	1,695	2,155	239,785	108,110	131,680
Bikol	0	0	5	290	140	155
Cebuano	135	65	65	7,210	3,325	3,880
Fijian	5	5	0	195	105	90
Hiligaynon	25	10	15	2,205	970	1,240
Ilocano	210	100	110	9,125	4,045	5,080
Malagasy	0	0	0	435	220	210
Malay	45	25	20	3,620	1,710	1,910
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	15	5	5	1,200	565	630
Pangasinan	5	0	0	240	110	135
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	3,400	1,480	1,915	213,790	96,235	117,555
Waray-Waray	0	0	5	310	135	170
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	1,160	545	620
Creole languages	255	110	145	27,860	12,005	15,850
Haitian Creole	45	20	25	1,280	575	705
Creole, n.o.s.	170	70	100	24,575	10,510	14,060
Creole languages, n.i.e.	35	15	15	2,005	920	1,085
Dravidian languages	1,095	515	580	122,490	59,780	62,710
Kannada	25	15	15	1,630	825	800
Malayalam	530	250	280	15,440	7,865	7,575
Tamil	405	185	220	96,955	46,570	50,385
Telugu	135	70	65	8,280	4,430	3,850
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	190	85	105
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	340	160	180
Indo-European languages	64,765	30,630	34,140	1,911,215	927,225	983,985
Albanian	835	405	430	13,135	6,575	6,560
Armenian	225	100	125	21,505	10,165	11,345
Balto-Slavic languages	18,590	8,720	9,870	314,965	149,315	165,650
Baltic languages	280	105	175	3,275	1,400	1,870
Latvian	110	45	70	1,255	530	725
Lithuanian	170	65	100	2,020	870	1,150
Slavic languages	18,310	8,615	9,695	311,690	147,910	163,780
Belarusan	5	0	5	230	105	120
Bosnian	705	360	350	6,045	3,010	3,040
Bulgarian	285	135	150	11,985	5,835	6,150
Croatian	2,460	1,140	1,320	16,775	7,980	8,795
Czech	620	290	325	6,235	3,060	3,180
Macedonian	275	125	145	6,830	3,250	3,580
Polish	6,085	2,765	3,320	74,780	34,910	39,870
Russian	2,005	955	1,050	116,595	55,175	61,425
Serbian	4,090	2,025	2,065	31,750	15,665	16,085
Serbo-Croatian	245	125	120	3,885	1,865	2,020
Slovak	285	130	150	5,615	2,685	2,920
Slovene (Slovenian)	275	125	150	2,050	905	1,145
Ukrainian	945	420	525	28,250	13,150	15,100
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	40	20	20	670	310	360
Celtic languages	10	5	0	360	205	155
Scottish Gaelic	5	5	0	185	105	80
Welsh	0	5	0	95	50	45
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	80	50	30
Germanic languages	4,645	2,255	2,390	146,455	71,835	74,615
Afrikaans	160	75	80	4,790	2,355	2,435
Danish	20	10	10	855	410	445
Dutch	505	240	265	9,565	4,630	4,935
Frisian	15	10	5	185	95	90
German	3,775	1,835	1,940	120,335	58,905	61,435
Icelandic	10	5	5	270	120	150
Norwegian	0	0	0	345	145	200
Swedish	25	15	15	1,045	500	545
Vlaams (Flemish)	35	15	20	355	170	185
Yiddish	0	0	0	7,080	3,695	3,385
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	90	50	45	1,625	820	810
Greek	1,090	530	560	44,545	21,110	23,440
Indo-Iranian languages	16,280	8,065	8,210	838,755	416,960	421,795
Indo-Aryan languages	13,090	6,530	6,565	676,185	337,440	338,745
Bengali	975	475	495	47,350	23,585	23,765
Gujarati	1,650	850	800	64,150	31,740	32,405
Hindi	995	545	450	55,510	27,805	27,710
Kashmiri	0	0	5	135	70	70
Konkani	20	10	10	720	355	370
Marathi	55	25	30	3,780	1,940	1,840
Nepali	240	125	110	13,375	6,710	6,670
Oriya (Odia)	5	0	0	470	235	240
Punjabi (Panjabi)	5,480	2,695	2,790	349,145	174,905	174,240
Sindhi	80	45	35	4,975	2,280	2,695
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	190	90	95	7,790	3,860	3,925
Urdu	3,410	1,665	1,740	128,785	63,965	64,820
Iranian languages	3,110	1,490	1,620	160,195	78,310	81,880
Kurdish	685	340	345	6,580	3,400	3,175
Pashto	230	110	120	10,590	5,305	5,290
Persian (Farsi)	2,195	1,040	1,150	143,020	69,600	73,425
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	75	50	30	2,375	1,215	1,160
Italic (Romance) languages	23,105	10,550	12,550	531,485	251,050	280,440
Catalan	10	5	5	355	165	190
Italian	8,310	3,390	4,925	115,415	49,975	65,440
Portuguese	4,400	2,075	2,325	98,710	46,915	51,795
Romanian	1,355	650	710	53,320	25,795	27,525
Spanish	9,025	4,435	4,590	263,510	128,110	135,400
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	180	85	95
Japanese	305	135	170	19,785	8,265	11,515
Kartvelian languages	10	5	10	1,040	565	475
Georgian	10	0	5	1,035	565	475
Korean	2,605	1,205	1,400	109,705	51,385	58,320
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	910	440	470
Mongolian	0	0	0	910	435	470
Niger-Congo languages	700	305	395	28,665	13,340	15,320
Akan (Twi)	110	50	60	5,990	2,695	3,295
Bamanankan	0	0	0	340	180	160
Edo	0	0	5	415	175	240
Ewe	10	5	5	410	185	225
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	5	0	0	825	400	425
Ga	10	5	5	250	105	140
Ganda	5	5	5	345	160	185
Igbo	20	10	10	1,000	485	510
Lingala	25	15	10	1,045	455	590
Rundi (Kirundi)	30	15	10	2,110	990	1,115
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	30	10	15	1,530	670	865
Shona	130	50	80	1,035	475	560
Swahili	225	100	125	5,370	2,500	2,870
Wolof	5	0	5	1,380	745	635
Yoruba	35	15	20	2,615	1,275	1,340
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	60	20	40	4,010	1,850	2,160
Nilo-Saharan languages	45	20	25	2,650	1,305	1,350
Dinka	5	0	5	1,130	580	550
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	40	15	25	1,525	730	800
Sign languages	455	245	200	10,445	5,870	4,570
American Sign Language	140	70	70	3,015	1,560	1,460
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	730	375	355
Sign languages, n.i.e	310	175	130	6,690	3,935	2,755
Sino-Tibetan languages	10,755	5,220	5,535	924,720	433,530	491,190
Chinese languages	10,460	5,070	5,395	913,365	427,860	485,505
Cantonese	3,045	1,440	1,605	400,215	184,340	215,885
Hakka	20	10	10	4,080	1,820	2,265
Mandarin	6,680	3,255	3,425	462,890	220,075	242,815
Min Dong	0	0	0	345	150	195
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	140	70	70	13,965	6,345	7,625
Wu (Shanghainese)	80	40	40	7,650	3,580	4,075
Chinese, n.o.s.	485	245	240	23,935	11,440	12,500
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	280	130	150
Tibeto-Burman languages	295	150	145	11,350	5,670	5,680
Burmese	70	35	35	2,245	1,115	1,125
Karenic languages	195	105	90	3,865	1,935	1,930
Tibetan	15	10	10	4,590	2,305	2,280
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	15	5	5	655	305	345
Tai-Kadai languages	535	265	270	9,565	4,455	5,110
Lao	360	170	185	6,175	2,995	3,180
Thai	170	90	85	3,360	1,450	1,915
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	30	15	15
Turkic languages	690	355	330	22,250	11,205	11,045
Azerbaijani	25	15	10	1,245	640	610
Turkish	630	320	310	18,955	9,525	9,430
Uyghur	5	5	5	610	315	290
Uzbek	15	10	5	990	505	490
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	455	230	225
Uralic languages	1,660	745	910	23,245	10,715	12,535
Estonian	45	20	25	975	365	610
Finnish	45	20	20	2,790	1,220	1,565
Hungarian	1,565	700	865	19,485	9,125	10,355
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	40	25	20	1,110	605	500
Multiple responses	48,455	23,125	25,330	1,663,390	802,695	860,690
English and French	2,440	1,070	1,370	160,185	77,940	82,235
English and non-official language	44,885	21,535	23,355	1,284,975	620,375	664,600
French and non-official language	270	125	140	148,915	70,915	78,000
English, French and non-official language	860	390	470	69,315	33,465	35,850
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% dataCensus data footnote 20	1,394,650	680,735	713,910	34,767,255	17,101,165	17,666,080
None	1,255,110	615,265	639,840	29,615,245	14,612,175	15,003,065
English	47,180	22,875	24,300	2,109,340	1,045,215	1,064,120
French	14,720	6,170	8,550	731,095	342,245	388,855
Non-official language	75,580	35,455	40,125	2,151,690	1,023,940	1,127,750
Aboriginal	355	165	190	90,740	42,890	47,850
Non-Aboriginal	75,230	35,290	39,935	2,060,945	981,055	1,079,895
English and French	350	155	195	47,970	23,785	24,190
English and non-official language	780	395	385	61,075	30,045	31,030
French and non-official language	920	405	515	48,755	22,690	26,065
English, French and non-official language	10	5	5	2,080	1,075	1,010
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% dataCensus data footnote 21	1,160,790	561,180	599,615	28,642,980	13,990,620	14,652,355
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	1,117,555	540,765	576,790	27,488,530	13,444,335	14,044,190
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	33,544	40,614	28,065	34,204	40,782	28,860
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	1,117,890	540,800	577,090	27,499,185	13,449,010	14,050,175
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	30,638	36,395	26,040	30,866	35,933	26,621
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	999,005	493,560	505,450	24,583,315	12,296,595	12,286,725
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	31,298	39,094	24,983	32,762	39,925	26,613
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	821,760	366,470	455,290	19,743,240	8,755,815	10,987,430
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	6,317	4,876	6,864	5,453	4,199	6,136
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	814,930	421,725	393,200	20,428,685	10,547,760	9,880,925
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	32,270	38,396	27,559	33,684	39,836	28,474
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 22	1,160,790	561,150	599,640	28,643,015	13,990,430	14,652,585
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	1,118,000	540,710	577,290	27,489,395	13,441,555	14,047,845
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	45,123	53,452	37,321	47,487	56,740	38,632
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	1,118,375	540,765	577,610	27,500,230	13,446,230	14,053,995
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	37,697	43,659	32,116	38,977	45,404	32,828
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	999,040	493,055	505,990	24,584,065	12,295,015	12,289,055
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	43,780	52,829	34,961	46,885	56,803	36,962
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	822,115	367,105	455,015	19,742,130	8,752,070	10,990,060
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	8,161	7,776	8,472	7,738	7,345	8,050
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	814,930	421,310	393,620	20,428,670	10,542,540	9,886,130
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	43,420	50,298	36,059	46,057	54,369	37,193
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 23	1,160,795	561,150	599,640	28,643,015	13,990,430	14,652,585
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 24	386,635	217,120	169,510	9,367,045	5,231,015	4,136,035
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)Census data footnote 25	53,461	59,539	47,066	53,431	59,326	47,420
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)Census data footnote 26	63,979	71,472	54,381	65,997	74,289	55,510
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% dataCensus data footnote 27	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)Census data footnote 28	86.8	90.2	82.1	88.3	91.6	83.7
Employment income (%)Census data footnote 29	70.1	73.5	65.6	72.0	75.2	67.7
Government transfers (%)Census data footnote 30	13.2	9.8	17.9	11.7	8.4	16.3
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% dataCensus data footnote 31	1,160,795	561,175	599,615	28,642,980	13,990,620	14,652,360
Without total income	43,240	20,410	22,830	1,154,450	546,285	608,165
With total income	1,117,555	540,770	576,785	27,488,530	13,444,335	14,044,195
Percentage with total income	96.3	96.4	96.2	96.0	96.1	95.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	152,000	64,990	87,010	3,877,620	1,668,960	2,208,655
$10,000 to $19,999	193,835	74,965	118,870	4,680,380	1,867,600	2,812,785
$20,000 to $29,999	163,880	65,535	98,340	3,807,840	1,593,335	2,214,505
$30,000 to $39,999	132,775	61,145	71,625	3,206,175	1,472,670	1,733,510
$40,000 to $49,999	115,485	56,250	59,235	2,827,045	1,376,565	1,450,480
$50,000 to $59,999	88,985	47,510	41,475	2,179,775	1,145,685	1,034,090
$60,000 to $69,999	66,940	38,630	28,315	1,655,070	938,755	716,310
$70,000 to $79,999	49,080	29,865	19,215	1,271,850	745,830	526,015
$80,000 to $89,999	38,305	23,735	14,575	966,885	579,290	387,590
$90,000 to $99,999	33,545	19,395	14,145	749,290	452,240	297,050
$100,000 and over	82,725	58,745	23,980	2,266,600	1,603,400	663,195
$100,000 to $149,999	56,740	39,170	17,570	1,493,570	1,024,210	469,365
$150,000 and over	25,985	19,575	6,415	773,025	579,190	193,830
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% dataCensus data footnote 32	1,160,790	561,175	599,615	28,642,980	13,990,620	14,652,360
Without after-tax income	42,900	20,375	22,530	1,143,795	541,620	602,175
With after-tax income	1,117,885	540,800	577,085	27,499,185	13,449,010	14,050,175
Percentage with after-tax income	96.3	96.4	96.2	96.0	96.1	95.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	157,005	66,060	90,945	4,004,475	1,706,825	2,297,645
$10,000 to $19,999	202,660	78,575	124,085	4,905,055	1,972,920	2,932,130
$20,000 to $29,999	188,935	77,655	111,280	4,489,925	1,926,175	2,563,755
$30,000 to $39,999	158,160	75,010	83,150	3,924,960	1,870,705	2,054,250
$40,000 to $49,999	129,215	67,085	62,125	3,144,200	1,619,670	1,524,525
$50,000 to $59,999	89,145	51,325	37,820	2,209,280	1,245,570	963,705
$60,000 to $69,999	61,815	38,180	23,630	1,540,300	912,230	628,065
$70,000 to $79,999	47,700	28,680	19,025	1,076,180	654,570	421,610
$80,000 and over	83,255	58,230	25,020	2,204,820	1,540,335	664,485
$80,000 to $89,999	29,270	18,810	10,460	688,705	444,550	244,145
$90,000 to $99,999	16,095	11,365	4,730	420,975	291,090	129,885
$100,000 and over	37,880	28,050	9,835	1,095,140	804,690	290,445
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% dataCensus data footnote 33	1,160,795	561,175	599,615	28,642,980	13,990,625	14,652,360
Without employment income	345,860	139,450	206,415	8,214,295	3,442,860	4,771,430
With employment income	814,930	421,725	393,200	20,428,690	10,547,760	9,880,925
Percentage with employment income	70.2	75.2	65.6	71.3	75.4	67.4
Under $5,000 (including loss)	125,125	66,520	58,605	2,778,990	1,357,430	1,421,560
$5,000 to $9,999	66,770	29,075	37,690	1,602,140	697,025	905,120
$10,000 to $19,999	107,855	46,470	61,385	2,736,010	1,212,855	1,523,155
$20,000 to $29,999	88,700	38,235	50,465	2,293,785	1,022,090	1,271,695
$30,000 to $39,999	81,850	36,370	45,480	2,149,860	1,001,065	1,148,795
$40,000 to $49,999	74,970	35,920	39,050	1,928,565	946,625	981,940
$50,000 to $59,999	62,090	34,120	27,975	1,554,100	839,045	715,055
$60,000 to $69,999	47,105	28,265	18,840	1,220,310	708,270	512,040
$70,000 to $79,999	36,890	23,065	13,815	992,170	591,945	400,225
$80,000 and over	123,575	83,675	39,895	3,172,770	2,171,415	1,001,355
$80,000 to $89,999	30,425	19,065	11,360	773,755	475,700	298,055
$90,000 to $99,999	29,140	16,620	12,520	623,980	382,330	241,650
$100,000 and over	64,010	47,995	16,020	1,775,030	1,313,385	461,645
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% dataCensus data footnote 34	563,075	...	...	14,072,080	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	70,482	...	...	70,336	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	62,338	...	...	61,348	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	152,595	...	...	3,969,790	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	34,267	...	...	35,174	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	31,222	...	...	31,446	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	410,485	...	...	10,102,290	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	87,917	...	...	88,249	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	77,046	...	...	76,419	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 35	563,080	...	...	14,072,075	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	89,592	...	...	92,764	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	74,874	...	...	76,171	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	152,500	...	...	3,967,765	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	43,869	...	...	46,799	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	37,118	...	...	38,685	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	410,575	...	...	10,104,315	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	106,575	...	...	110,813	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	88,897	...	...	90,890	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% dataCensus data footnote 36	563,075	...	...	14,072,075	...	...
Under $5,000	7,035	...	...	228,790	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	6,475	...	...	200,315	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	15,265	...	...	374,575	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	20,560	...	...	565,940	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	24,930	...	...	602,800	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	22,280	...	...	538,710	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	23,940	...	...	603,480	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	24,825	...	...	606,600	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	24,525	...	...	596,110	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	23,730	...	...	578,325	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	44,995	...	...	1,097,345	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	41,085	...	...	1,010,415	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	37,435	...	...	924,320	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	34,110	...	...	836,765	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	31,140	...	...	745,655	...	...
$100,000 and over	180,745	...	...	4,561,920	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	60,025	...	...	1,470,255	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	40,885	...	...	1,016,245	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	45,090	...	...	1,116,140	...	...
$200,000 and over	34,740	...	...	959,285	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% dataCensus data footnote 32	563,075	...	...	14,072,075	...	...
Under $5,000	7,505	...	...	243,780	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	6,640	...	...	203,865	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	15,505	...	...	380,680	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	21,515	...	...	591,660	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	27,885	...	...	673,740	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	25,000	...	...	628,225	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	27,500	...	...	719,825	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	28,985	...	...	725,675	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	29,005	...	...	711,180	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	27,960	...	...	691,695	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	52,540	...	...	1,299,680	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	47,355	...	...	1,169,515	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	43,150	...	...	1,041,635	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	37,450	...	...	900,055	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	31,475	...	...	757,295	...	...
$100,000 and over	133,610	...	...	3,333,575	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	56,055	...	...	1,371,945	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	33,505	...	...	809,540	...	...
$150,000 and over	44,055	...	...	1,152,090	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% dataCensus data footnote 37	397,760	...	...	9,688,845	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	88,135	...	...	88,306	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	77,148	...	...	76,372	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	150,105	...	...	3,706,220	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	77,800	...	...	78,976	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	68,607	...	...	68,309	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	171,815	...	...	4,222,140	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	115,295	...	...	113,465	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	98,867	...	...	96,608	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	65,640	...	...	1,481,410	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	52,758	...	...	53,193	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	49,002	...	...	48,856	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 38	397,775	...	...	9,689,855	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	106,967	...	...	111,235	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	89,095	...	...	91,040	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	150,035	...	...	3,706,400	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	96,113	...	...	101,086	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	79,837	...	...	82,296	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	171,920	...	...	4,225,855	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	133,337	...	...	137,094	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	109,920	...	...	111,307	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	65,590	...	...	1,477,190	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	63,893	...	...	65,549	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	56,295	...	...	56,687	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% dataCensus data footnote 21	194,405	90,895	103,510	5,313,545	2,608,845	2,704,705
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)Census data footnote 39	31,195	33,692	29,461	31,890	34,483	29,801
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)Census data footnote 39	28,661	30,504	27,400	28,959	30,746	27,495
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 40	194,085	90,650	103,440	5,299,050	2,596,985	2,702,070
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)Census data footnote 41	40,695	43,158	38,537	42,939	46,085	39,915
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)Census data footnote 41	34,623	36,035	33,385	35,801	37,724	33,952
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% dataCensus data footnote 42	1,386,050	676,825	709,225	34,460,065	16,971,550	17,488,515
In the bottom half of the distribution	672,310	317,470	354,835	17,229,835	8,256,970	8,972,865
In the bottom decile	126,130	60,265	65,865	3,445,950	1,672,900	1,773,050
In the second decile	133,190	58,730	74,455	3,445,660	1,564,965	1,880,700
In the third decile	136,730	63,935	72,795	3,446,165	1,641,930	1,804,235
In the fourth decile	136,295	65,680	70,610	3,445,850	1,677,120	1,768,730
In the fifth decile	139,965	68,860	71,105	3,446,210	1,700,060	1,746,150
In the top half of the distribution	713,740	359,350	354,395	17,230,230	8,714,580	8,515,650
In the sixth decile	141,390	70,205	71,185	3,445,695	1,716,510	1,729,185
In the seventh decile	145,540	72,710	72,830	3,446,470	1,730,975	1,715,500
In the eighth decile	147,315	74,120	73,195	3,445,940	1,741,640	1,704,300
In the ninth decile	149,935	76,070	73,870	3,446,045	1,751,850	1,694,195
In the top decile	129,560	66,250	63,305	3,446,080	1,773,600	1,672,475
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% dataCensus data footnote 43	1,385,310	676,440	708,870	33,968,295	16,724,265	17,244,035
0 to 17 years	273,915	140,650	133,270	6,836,380	3,504,250	3,332,125
0 to 5 years	86,020	44,070	41,945	2,228,770	1,142,505	1,086,270
18 to 64 years	859,740	420,585	439,155	21,695,090	10,690,090	11,005,005
65 years and over	251,650	115,205	136,440	5,436,830	2,529,930	2,906,905
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	187,680	85,695	101,985	4,809,940	2,243,200	2,566,740
0 to 17 years	49,200	25,190	24,005	1,163,830	597,570	566,255
0 to 5 years	16,735	8,515	8,220	396,095	203,055	193,030
18 to 64 years	111,640	51,135	60,505	2,855,290	1,341,590	1,513,700
65 years and over	26,840	9,365	17,475	790,825	304,040	486,780
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	13.5	12.7	14.4	14.2	13.4	14.9
0 to 17 years (%)	18.0	17.9	18.0	17.0	17.1	17.0
0 to 5 years (%)	19.5	19.3	19.6	17.8	17.8	17.8
18 to 64 years (%)	13.0	12.2	13.8	13.2	12.5	13.8
65 years and over (%)	10.7	8.1	12.8	14.5	12.0	16.7
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	119,700	57,110	62,590	3,128,995	1,519,370	1,609,630
0 to 17 years	28,850	14,765	14,080	696,025	357,255	338,770
0 to 5 years	9,875	4,990	4,885	236,435	121,170	115,260
18 to 64 years	80,490	38,665	41,825	2,157,745	1,057,585	1,100,160
65 years and over	10,360	3,675	6,685	275,225	104,525	170,695
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	8.6	8.4	8.8	9.2	9.1	9.3
0 to 17 years (%)	10.5	10.5	10.6	10.2	10.2	10.2
0 to 5 years (%)	11.5	11.3	11.6	10.6	10.6	10.6
18 to 64 years (%)	9.4	9.2	9.5	9.9	9.9	10.0
65 years and over (%)	4.1	3.2	4.9	5.1	4.1	5.9
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 44	1,386,050	676,825	709,225	34,460,065	16,971,575	17,488,485
Official languages	1,370,670	670,635	700,030	33,818,210	16,709,290	17,108,920
English	1,369,705	670,205	699,505	29,748,265	14,806,270	14,941,995
French	90,350	39,100	51,245	10,242,945	4,952,455	5,290,495
Non-official languages	295,650	140,900	154,750	9,369,280	4,488,185	4,881,090
Aboriginal languages	650	315	335	263,845	127,550	136,295
Algonquian languages	255	125	125	177,570	85,505	92,065
Blackfoot	0	0	0	5,645	2,695	2,950
Cree-Montagnais languages	40	15	25	116,585	56,515	60,070
Atikamekw	0	0	0	6,640	3,335	3,305
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	11,440	5,500	5,945
Moose Cree	10	0	0	195	80	115
Naskapi	0	0	0	1,465	710	755
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	545	225	320
Plains Cree	0	0	0	5,905	2,705	3,200
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	40	30	10
Swampy Cree	15	10	10	2,345	995	1,350
Woods Cree	0	0	0	2,665	1,230	1,435
Cree, n.o.s.	20	10	10	86,115	42,080	44,035
Eastern Algonquian languages	10	10	0	9,765	4,710	5,050
Malecite	0	0	0	755	370	390
Mi'kmaq	10	10	10	9,025	4,350	4,670
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	200	110	95	46,685	22,100	24,585
Algonquin	0	0	10	2,480	1,165	1,315
Ojibway	190	100	90	28,585	13,365	15,220
Oji-Cree	10	10	0	15,610	7,575	8,030
Ottawa (Odawa)	10	0	0	205	105	105
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	120	60	60
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	23,655	11,340	12,320
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	23,570	11,300	12,265
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	210	105	100
Beaver	0	0	0	340	180	165
Carrier	0	0	0	2,105	955	1,145
Chilcotin	0	0	0	1,150	535	610
Dene	0	0	0	13,060	6,270	6,790
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	2,375	1,210	1,165
Gwich'in	0	0	0	360	165	200
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	150	60	90
Sekani	0	0	0	185	85	100
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	2,815	1,340	1,475
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	1,010	475	530
South Slavey	0	0	0	1,365	660	710
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	680	320	360
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	630	340	285
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	365	205	170
Tahltan	0	0	0	270	140	130
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	420	160	260
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	285	115	170
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	145	50	95
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	85	35	50
Haida	0	0	0	465	205	260
Inuit languages	20	0	15	42,980	21,355	21,630
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	1,975	895	1,080
Inuktitut	20	0	15	40,620	20,280	20,340
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	470	225	240
Iroquoian languages	385	170	210	2,800	1,240	1,555
Cayuga	115	35	80	125	40	85
Mohawk	290	145	145	2,415	1,120	1,295
Oneida	0	0	0	180	60	125
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	115	45	75
Kutenai	0	0	0	175	95	80
Michif	10	10	0	1,210	585	625
Salish languages	0	0	0	5,750	2,730	3,015
Comox	0	0	0	185	75	110
Halkomelem	0	0	0	1,060	475	585
Lillooet	0	0	0	790	405	385
Okanagan	0	0	0	820	370	450
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	1,305	640	665
Squamish	0	0	0	285	125	155
Straits	0	0	0	360	160	200
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	450	220	235
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	565	295	270
Siouan languages	0	0	0	5,430	2,665	2,770
Dakota	0	0	0	1,760	870	890
Stoney	0	0	0	3,675	1,805	1,875
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	140	70	70
Tlingit	0	0	0	260	140	120
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	2,730	1,350	1,380
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	1,305	645	660
Nisga'a	0	0	0	1,060	545	515
Tsimshian	0	0	0	410	180	235
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	1,490	680	805
Haisla	0	0	0	175	65	110
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	125	50	75
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	605	285	320
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	565	265	300
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	20	10
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	20	15	0	665	310	360
Non-Aboriginal languages	295,020	140,600	154,425	9,107,075	4,361,420	4,745,660
Afro-Asiatic languages	24,025	12,270	11,755	837,355	432,560	404,795
Berber languages	55	30	25	29,460	15,745	13,715
Kabyle	0	10	0	17,120	9,100	8,015
Berber languages, n.i.e.	55	25	25	12,505	6,735	5,775
Cushitic languages	1,430	620	810	57,125	26,870	30,250
Bilen	10	0	10	1,085	625	470
Oromo	100	40	65	6,245	3,070	3,175
Somali	1,320	575	740	49,665	23,070	26,590
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	480	220	265
Semitic languages	22,670	11,685	10,980	771,130	400,780	370,350
Amharic	335	175	165	33,670	16,675	16,995
Arabic	18,720	9,680	9,040	629,055	329,235	299,820
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	2,860	1,435	1,430	19,745	9,720	10,020
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	350	180	165	7,115	3,505	3,610
Harari	0	0	0	1,710	855	860
Hebrew	1,000	530	470	75,020	38,730	36,290
Maltese	620	300	315	7,625	3,760	3,870
Tigrigna	200	90	110	21,340	10,640	10,705
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	180	80	95	3,220	1,655	1,565
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	85	35	50	2,775	1,440	1,335
Austro-Asiatic languages	7,025	3,260	3,770	224,865	105,845	119,020
Khmer (Cambodian)	1,335	580	755	27,035	12,640	14,400
Vietnamese	5,750	2,715	3,035	198,895	93,735	105,155
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	190	70	120
Austronesian languages	12,125	4,715	7,415	656,200	273,075	383,125
Bikol	55	30	20	2,075	885	1,190
Cebuano	445	135	300	27,045	10,960	16,085
Fijian	50	20	25	1,660	955	705
Hiligaynon	100	40	55	7,925	3,200	4,720
Ilocano	705	280	420	34,530	13,805	20,730
Malagasy	0	0	0	2,335	1,120	1,220
Malay	385	160	230	22,470	10,370	12,100
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	90	35	50	5,425	2,445	2,980
Pangasinan	25	10	10	1,800	790	1,015
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	11,385	4,425	6,965	612,735	253,210	359,530
Waray-Waray	20	10	10	1,395	530	860
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	85	30	55	5,585	2,540	3,040
Creole languages	1,330	650	680	155,615	70,545	85,070
Haitian Creole	140	55	85	6,850	3,140	3,710
Creole, n.o.s.	550	260	295	133,045	59,890	73,160
Creole languages, n.i.e.	635	335	300	16,635	7,955	8,675
Dravidian languages	3,045	1,500	1,545	250,180	126,220	123,960
Kannada	180	90	85	8,245	4,180	4,065
Malayalam	1,505	745	760	37,810	19,410	18,400
Tamil	1,255	620	635	189,860	94,640	95,220
Telugu	330	170	160	23,160	12,770	10,390
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	790	385	405
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	870	435	435
Indo-European languages	212,030	101,625	110,405	5,158,010	2,506,455	2,651,555
Albanian	2,070	1,010	1,055	31,930	16,140	15,790
Armenian	775	385	390	41,295	19,980	21,315
Balto-Slavic languages	54,915	25,665	29,255	817,315	384,960	432,350
Baltic languages	1,520	655	865	14,675	6,470	8,205
Latvian	655	290	365	6,500	2,960	3,540
Lithuanian	865	365	500	8,185	3,510	4,675
Slavic languages	53,540	25,090	28,455	805,915	379,965	425,945
Belarusan	55	15	35	2,265	1,070	1,195
Bosnian	1,905	970	940	18,265	9,055	9,215
Bulgarian	525	260	260	22,425	10,920	11,505
Croatian	10,125	4,990	5,130	69,840	34,515	35,325
Czech	2,125	995	1,130	28,720	13,675	15,050
Macedonian	1,165	555	615	23,075	11,190	11,880
Polish	18,550	8,240	10,315	214,965	99,365	115,600
Russian	5,575	2,640	2,935	269,645	127,055	142,595
Serbian	9,490	4,840	4,650	73,775	37,040	36,740
Serbo-Croatian	655	335	320	11,275	5,525	5,750
Slovak	1,360	650	715	21,470	10,215	11,255
Slovene (Slovenian)	1,290	575	720	11,495	5,205	6,290
Ukrainian	5,515	2,290	3,225	132,115	58,820	73,300
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	305	165	135	3,000	1,590	1,405
Celtic languages	385	175	205	9,165	4,705	4,455
Scottish Gaelic	170	85	90	3,980	2,010	1,975
Welsh	70	30	35	1,690	830	860
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	145	60	85	3,590	1,915	1,680
Germanic languages	36,090	16,740	19,345	695,535	337,215	358,320
Afrikaans	910	420	490	23,410	11,795	11,610
Danish	625	260	365	15,745	7,320	8,425
Dutch	11,880	5,745	6,135	120,865	57,885	62,990
Frisian	405	215	190	2,910	1,515	1,395
German	21,800	10,015	11,785	502,730	245,745	256,985
Icelandic	30	10	20	1,780	830	945
Norwegian	180	65	110	8,120	3,860	4,260
Swedish	475	200	275	14,140	6,510	7,635
Vlaams (Flemish)	520	215	310	4,400	1,945	2,455
Yiddish	75	30	45	20,985	10,435	10,550
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	490	270	220	8,710	4,425	4,285
Greek	4,285	2,250	2,025	150,965	75,510	75,455
Indo-Iranian languages	34,970	17,645	17,330	1,658,220	840,850	817,365
Indo-Aryan languages	28,695	14,465	14,230	1,387,805	704,370	683,435
Bengali	2,080	1,035	1,050	91,220	46,935	44,285
Gujarati	3,640	1,880	1,760	149,045	74,765	74,285
Hindi	8,965	4,600	4,365	433,365	221,665	211,700
Kashmiri	30	15	20	905	490	420
Konkani	100	35	65	6,790	3,185	3,605
Marathi	325	185	140	15,570	8,200	7,365
Nepali	280	155	120	21,380	10,915	10,470
Oriya (Odia)	30	10	20	1,535	755	775
Punjabi (Panjabi)	12,055	6,140	5,915	668,240	341,450	326,790
Sindhi	360	155	205	20,260	9,310	10,945
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	595	300	290	27,825	13,970	13,855
Urdu	8,850	4,430	4,425	322,220	164,685	157,535
Iranian languages	6,520	3,295	3,230	281,715	142,030	139,680
Kurdish	1,945	1,010	935	15,290	8,290	7,000
Pashto	445	245	195	23,180	12,465	10,715
Persian (Farsi)	4,410	2,200	2,215	252,320	126,565	125,755
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	235	130	105	8,875	4,715	4,155
Italic (Romance) languages	83,340	40,120	43,220	1,897,630	898,530	999,100
Catalan	45	30	15	2,035	1,145	890
Italian	40,140	19,360	20,780	574,725	278,500	296,225
Portuguese	14,985	7,430	7,555	295,955	144,465	151,485
Romanian	3,675	1,740	1,935	115,050	55,275	59,770
Spanish	27,025	12,755	14,270	995,255	460,250	535,010
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	170	110	65	2,680	1,610	1,075
Japanese	1,480	690	795	83,090	36,760	46,335
Kartvelian languages	20	15	10	2,150	1,075	1,075
Georgian	20	15	10	2,150	1,080	1,070
Korean	4,315	1,935	2,380	172,755	80,170	92,590
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	2,090	960	1,130
Mongolian	0	0	0	2,090	960	1,130
Niger-Congo languages	4,315	2,045	2,260	177,215	88,135	89,080
Akan (Twi)	695	325	370	22,145	10,810	11,340
Bamanankan	0	0	0	3,190	1,660	1,530
Edo	30	10	25	3,220	1,510	1,705
Ewe	65	30	35	3,000	1,685	1,315
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	25	10	20	4,725	2,460	2,260
Ga	80	30	50	2,250	1,140	1,110
Ganda	60	30	35	2,495	1,175	1,320
Igbo	260	170	90	8,850	4,710	4,140
Lingala	425	210	215	17,010	7,865	9,145
Rundi (Kirundi)	110	40	70	8,590	4,075	4,515
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	215	100	120	7,860	3,600	4,260
Shona	580	260	320	5,425	2,530	2,905
Swahili	1,135	520	615	38,680	19,565	19,115
Wolof	40	20	20	8,240	4,455	3,785
Yoruba	395	205	200	22,420	11,475	10,940
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	765	360	410	40,760	20,375	20,385
Nilo-Saharan languages	290	145	140	7,015	3,520	3,495
Dinka	25	15	10	2,475	1,280	1,190
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	260	130	130	4,555	2,240	2,315
Sign languages	2,065	920	1,150	48,115	18,985	29,130
American Sign Language	1,015	385	625	21,930	7,780	14,155
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	4,665	1,665	3,005
Sign languages, n.i.e.	1,065	530	535	22,275	9,835	12,440
Sino-Tibetan languages	18,240	8,790	9,455	1,430,440	672,100	758,340
Chinese languages	17,785	8,550	9,235	1,413,110	663,465	749,640
Cantonese	6,420	2,985	3,430	699,125	325,840	373,285
Hakka	95	40	55	12,445	5,555	6,890
Mandarin	11,730	5,640	6,090	814,450	377,635	436,815
Min Dong	20	10	10	1,045	440	600
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	550	250	300	42,840	19,005	23,835
Wu (Shanghainese)	250	120	130	16,530	7,490	9,040
Chinese, n.o.s.	870	415	455	41,690	19,995	21,690
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	590	250	340
Tibeto-Burman languages	455	240	215	18,270	9,100	9,175
Burmese	85	50	35	4,995	2,490	2,500
Karenic languages	360	185	180	4,895	2,425	2,475
Tibetan	20	0	25	7,050	3,555	3,490
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	20	15	0	2,375	1,160	1,220
Tai-Kadai languages	1,535	685	850	30,400	13,210	17,195
Lao	990	450	535	17,235	8,240	8,990
Thai	725	305	420	15,390	5,875	9,520
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	115	50	65
Turkic languages	1,815	935	880	60,530	31,585	28,945
Azerbaijani	125	70	60	5,450	2,885	2,565
Turkish	1,565	795	770	50,775	26,605	24,165
Uyghur	70	35	35	1,385	685	700
Uzbek	40	15	20	2,465	1,230	1,235
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	45	30	15	1,870	905	965
Uralic languages	7,470	3,435	4,035	94,810	44,270	50,545
Estonian	455	215	240	6,070	2,750	3,315
Finnish	475	180	295	17,595	7,540	10,050
Hungarian	6,545	3,045	3,505	71,285	34,005	37,280
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	10	10
Other languages, n.i.e.	340	190	150	9,730	5,375	4,355
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 45	1,386,045	676,825	709,225	34,460,065	16,971,580	17,488,490
Canadian citizensCensus data footnote 46	1,323,085	647,345	675,745	32,034,590	15,799,495	16,235,090
Canadian citizens aged under 18	266,160	136,855	129,305	6,652,795	3,412,785	3,240,010
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	1,056,925	510,485	546,440	25,381,795	12,386,710	12,995,080
Not Canadian citizensCensus data footnote 47	62,965	29,480	33,480	2,425,480	1,172,085	1,253,400
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 48	1,386,050	676,820	709,225	34,460,065	16,971,575	17,488,485
Non-immigrantsCensus data footnote 49	1,100,800	541,570	559,230	26,412,610	13,124,325	13,288,290
ImmigrantsCensus data footnote 50	272,710	128,700	144,010	7,540,830	3,586,495	3,954,330
Before 1981	121,475	57,355	64,120	1,941,510	927,795	1,013,715
1981 to 1990	32,825	15,835	16,990	915,555	439,245	476,310
1991 to 2000	43,375	20,395	22,980	1,486,655	696,720	789,940
2001 to 2010	51,040	23,725	27,320	1,985,035	940,570	1,044,465
2001 to 2005	25,250	11,700	13,550	928,935	439,890	489,050
2006 to 2010	25,790	12,020	13,770	1,056,095	500,680	555,415
2011 to 2016Census data footnote 51	23,985	11,385	12,600	1,212,075	582,175	629,895
Non-permanent residentsCensus data footnote 52	12,540	6,555	5,985	506,625	260,755	245,870
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 53	272,710	128,700	144,010	7,540,830	3,586,500	3,954,335
Under 5 years	33,490	16,505	16,990	731,340	364,165	367,175
5 to 14 years	56,960	28,740	28,215	1,311,810	665,870	645,945
15 to 24 years	66,125	29,470	36,655	1,604,430	724,430	880,005
25 to 44 years	98,705	46,000	52,705	3,198,920	1,513,970	1,684,950
45 years and over	17,425	7,985	9,445	694,320	318,060	376,260
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 54	272,710	128,700	144,010	7,540,830	3,586,495	3,954,330
Americas	41,485	18,480	23,010	1,128,745	510,650	618,100
Brazil	880	345	535	29,320	13,235	16,080
Colombia	3,465	1,625	1,840	70,035	32,065	37,965
El Salvador	2,360	1,115	1,250	48,080	23,865	24,215
Guyana	1,990	865	1,125	87,685	38,940	48,745
Haiti	420	190	225	93,480	40,955	52,525
Jamaica	5,035	2,470	2,565	138,345	59,960	78,390
Mexico	3,260	1,555	1,710	80,585	37,530	43,055
Peru	560	245	315	29,615	12,950	16,665
Trinidad and Tobago	2,680	1,210	1,470	65,040	29,325	35,710
United StatesCensus data footnote 55	12,945	5,110	7,835	253,715	113,505	140,215
Other places of birth in Americas	7,895	3,760	4,135	232,850	108,325	124,530
Europe	142,650	68,340	74,310	2,088,410	1,015,145	1,073,260
Bosnia and Herzegovina	3,640	1,820	1,815	36,135	18,050	18,085
Croatia	7,090	3,585	3,510	40,045	20,005	20,035
France	995	485	515	105,565	55,395	50,170
Germany	8,145	3,640	4,505	145,845	69,525	76,320
Greece	2,210	1,230	980	62,715	31,580	31,135
Hungary	3,345	1,595	1,745	36,820	17,945	18,875
IrelandCensus data footnote 56	1,710	795	915	28,325	14,355	13,970
Italy	20,910	10,425	10,490	236,640	118,595	118,040
Netherlands	9,870	5,095	4,775	88,475	45,185	43,295
Poland	12,155	5,365	6,795	146,465	66,450	80,020
Portugal	8,465	4,300	4,160	139,450	68,150	71,300
Romania	3,375	1,565	1,815	90,305	42,795	47,510
Russian Federation	1,735	715	1,015	78,685	34,265	44,420
SerbiaCensus data footnote 57	2,960	1,405	1,555	33,320	16,325	17,000
Ukraine	2,205	945	1,260	73,030	33,360	39,665
United KingdomCensus data footnote 58	41,830	19,690	22,140	499,115	243,225	255,890
Other places of birth in Europe	11,995	5,685	6,315	247,470	119,945	127,530
Africa	13,575	6,690	6,885	637,485	322,510	314,970
Algeria	205	95	105	64,620	33,920	30,705
Egypt	1,975	1,055	925	64,615	34,125	30,495
Ethiopia	450	210	250	32,790	15,980	16,810
Kenya	920	420	500	27,150	12,810	14,340
Morocco	270	160	110	69,655	36,120	33,535
Nigeria	700	345	355	42,430	21,830	20,600
Somalia	750	315	435	27,230	12,070	15,160
South Africa, Republic of	1,725	800	925	44,660	22,205	22,460
Other places of birth in Africa	6,575	3,285	3,290	264,320	133,450	130,870
Asia	73,865	34,575	39,290	3,629,160	1,709,985	1,919,175
Afghanistan	1,305	620	685	51,955	26,030	25,930
Bangladesh	1,275	645	630	58,735	29,875	28,865
ChinaCensus data footnote 59	8,325	3,685	4,645	649,260	290,800	358,460
Hong KongCensus data footnote 60	1,240	570	670	208,940	98,020	110,915
India	13,505	6,560	6,940	668,565	334,030	334,540
IranCensus data footnote 61	2,250	1,150	1,100	154,425	77,970	76,455
Iraq	5,725	2,865	2,850	68,485	34,785	33,705
Japan	515	170	340	27,240	7,955	19,285
Korea, SouthCensus data footnote 62	2,790	1,265	1,525	123,305	57,170	66,140
Lebanon	1,570	770	800	88,745	47,295	41,450
Pakistan	5,730	2,870	2,860	202,260	103,225	99,035
Philippines	11,270	4,475	6,800	588,305	247,095	341,210
Sri Lanka	1,130	565	565	131,995	64,825	67,170
SyriaCensus data footnote 63	2,300	1,180	1,120	52,960	26,595	26,365
Taiwan	470	200	270	63,770	28,170	35,605
Viet Nam	4,460	2,025	2,435	169,250	78,000	91,250
Other places of birth in Asia	9,985	4,950	5,035	320,965	158,150	162,815
Oceania and other places of birthCensus data footnote 64	1,140	615	525	57,030	28,210	28,825
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 54	23,985	11,385	12,600	1,212,075	582,180	629,895
Americas	4,580	2,320	2,255	152,595	72,870	79,720
Brazil	130	50	80	8,500	4,000	4,490
Colombia	575	270	305	15,300	6,885	8,415
Cuba	245	130	115	5,370	2,545	2,820
Haiti	140	60	80	19,985	9,160	10,830
Jamaica	590	355	230	12,495	6,680	5,820
Mexico	525	265	260	18,660	9,090	9,575
United StatesCensus data footnote 55	1,270	645	620	33,060	16,480	16,580
VenezuelaCensus data footnote 65	175	85	95	6,425	2,990	3,435
Other places of birth in Americas	925	460	470	32,790	15,040	17,750
Europe	3,655	1,795	1,865	140,030	70,995	69,035
France	95	50	45	24,150	13,000	11,150
Germany	155	75	80	6,300	3,255	3,045
IrelandCensus data footnote 56	130	80	50	5,660	3,540	2,120
MoldovaCensus data footnote 66	25	0	15	5,900	2,735	3,165
Romania	265	115	155	7,610	3,330	4,280
Russian Federation	225	85	135	11,565	4,485	7,080
Ukraine	165	50	115	13,425	6,015	7,410
United KingdomCensus data footnote 58	980	545	430	24,445	14,235	10,215
Other places of birth in Europe	1,620	785	835	40,970	20,405	20,570
Africa	2,660	1,230	1,435	162,800	81,545	81,245
Algeria	20	10	10	17,175	8,440	8,735
Cameroon	60	30	35	10,265	5,005	5,255
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	180	110	70	7,400	3,570	3,835
Côte d'Ivoire	15	0	10	6,240	3,030	3,210
Egypt	525	270	255	16,115	8,445	7,665
Eritrea	65	20	45	6,050	3,195	2,855
Ethiopia	105	50	60	7,510	3,625	3,890
Morocco	45	30	15	15,105	7,470	7,635
Nigeria	150	65	80	17,285	8,850	8,435
Somalia	200	95	105	5,335	2,600	2,730
South Africa, Republic of	145	80	65	5,765	2,935	2,830
Tunisia	25	10	15	6,700	3,475	3,230
Other places of birth in Africa	1,130	470	660	41,855	20,905	20,950
Asia	12,970	5,960	7,005	748,700	352,095	396,610
Afghanistan	170	75	90	9,240	4,530	4,710
Bangladesh	150	70	80	12,900	6,445	6,460
ChinaCensus data footnote 59	1,495	605	890	129,020	57,745	71,270
Hong KongCensus data footnote 60	25	10	15	4,975	2,090	2,880
India	2,125	1,020	1,105	147,190	75,145	72,045
IranCensus data footnote 61	475	235	245	42,070	20,580	21,490
Iraq	1,295	640	655	20,665	10,345	10,320
Israel	90	40	55	4,740	2,615	2,130
Japan	70	20	50	4,905	1,250	3,655
Korea, SouthCensus data footnote 62	330	155	175	21,710	9,630	12,075
Lebanon	220	105	125	9,375	4,980	4,400
Nepal	90	50	40	7,505	3,780	3,715
Pakistan	1,010	470	540	41,480	20,530	20,945
Philippines	2,405	985	1,420	188,810	83,050	105,760
Saudi Arabia	110	55	55	5,465	2,820	2,640
Sri Lanka	95	45	45	11,495	5,190	6,305
SyriaCensus data footnote 63	1,425	750	665	29,945	15,245	14,700
Taiwan	20	0	15	4,310	1,685	2,625
Turkey	95	60	40	4,255	2,365	1,890
United Arab Emirates	210	115	90	6,135	3,220	2,910
Viet Nam	240	95	145	11,210	4,500	6,705
Other places of birth in Asia	825	355	460	31,320	14,345	16,970
Oceania and otherCensus data footnote 64	125	80	40	7,955	4,670	3,280
Australia	85	55	30	4,965	2,950	2,010
Other places of birthCensus data footnote 67	40	30	15	2,990	1,720	1,270
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 68	1,386,050	676,820	709,230	34,460,060	16,971,575	17,488,485
First generationCensus data footnote 69	291,210	138,395	152,815	8,219,555	3,936,045	4,283,505
Second generationCensus data footnote 70	325,225	159,650	165,575	6,100,725	3,053,075	3,047,650
Third generation or moreCensus data footnote 71	769,610	378,775	390,835	20,139,790	9,982,460	10,157,330
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 72	154,690	73,025	81,670	5,703,615	2,709,530	2,994,085
Economic immigrantsCensus data footnote 73	64,170	31,750	32,415	2,994,130	1,496,240	1,497,885
Principal applicantsCensus data footnote 74	24,690	15,715	8,970	1,220,755	755,370	465,380
Secondary applicantsCensus data footnote 75	39,480	16,035	23,445	1,773,380	740,870	1,032,510
Immigrants sponsored by familyCensus data footnote 76	50,840	20,835	30,005	1,782,490	728,085	1,054,400
RefugeesCensus data footnote 77	37,350	19,320	18,030	858,845	453,675	405,175
Other immigrantsCensus data footnote 78	2,335	1,120	1,215	68,145	31,530	36,615
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 79	1,386,045	676,825	709,225	34,460,065	16,971,575	17,488,485
Aboriginal identityCensus data footnote 80	36,715	17,355	19,360	1,673,785	813,520	860,265
Single Aboriginal responsesCensus data footnote 81	35,230	16,675	18,550	1,629,805	792,970	836,835
First Nations (North American Indian)Census data footnote 82	24,960	11,785	13,175	977,235	471,510	505,725
Métis	9,950	4,760	5,195	587,545	289,435	298,115
Inuk (Inuit)	320	135	185	65,030	32,030	32,995
Multiple Aboriginal responsesCensus data footnote 83	605	265	340	21,310	10,165	11,145
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhereCensus data footnote 84	885	415	465	22,670	10,385	12,290
Non-Aboriginal identity	1,349,335	659,465	689,865	32,786,280	16,158,060	16,628,225
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 85	1,386,050	676,825	709,225	34,460,065	16,971,580	17,488,490
Registered or Treaty IndianCensus data footnote 86	15,020	6,925	8,100	820,120	395,670	424,445
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	1,371,030	669,900	701,130	33,639,945	16,575,905	17,064,040
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 87	1,386,045	676,820	709,225	34,460,065	16,971,575	17,488,490
Aboriginal ancestry (only)Census data footnote 88	7,615	3,585	4,035	727,790	356,970	370,815
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)Census data footnote 89	7,480	3,505	3,965	709,235	347,985	361,245
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestryCensus data footnote 82	6,425	3,015	3,415	573,215	280,040	293,180
Métis single ancestry	980	475	510	91,255	45,740	45,515
Inuit single ancestry	70	25	45	44,765	22,210	22,555
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)Census data footnote 90	140	75	60	18,555	8,985	9,565
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	130	75	60	15,140	7,305	7,835
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	0	0	10	2,470	1,205	1,265
Métis and Inuit ancestries	10	0	0	770	390	380
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	170	85	85
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestriesCensus data footnote 91	45,265	21,630	23,640	1,402,735	669,710	733,025
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestriesCensus data footnote 92	44,290	21,185	23,105	1,347,610	644,210	703,400
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	34,615	16,580	18,035	881,455	418,215	463,235
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	9,340	4,460	4,885	441,000	213,940	227,065
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	340	150	195	25,155	12,045	13,105
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestriesCensus data footnote 93	975	440	535	55,125	25,505	29,625
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	875	390	485	49,325	22,740	26,585
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	60	35	25	3,470	1,655	1,815
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	35	10	25	2,005	940	1,065
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	10	0	0	325	170	160
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)Census data footnote 94	1,333,165	651,610	681,555	32,329,545	15,944,900	16,384,645
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 95	1,386,045	676,825	709,225	34,460,065	16,971,575	17,488,485
Total visible minority populationCensus data footnote 96	180,190	87,675	92,515	7,674,580	3,725,090	3,949,495
South AsianCensus data footnote 97	40,615	20,295	20,320	1,924,635	977,690	946,945
Chinese	20,825	9,975	10,855	1,577,060	746,400	830,665
Black	35,040	17,480	17,560	1,198,540	580,070	618,475
Filipino	15,800	6,695	9,105	780,125	341,800	438,330
Latin American	16,065	7,580	8,475	447,325	215,460	231,860
Arab	15,855	8,370	7,490	523,235	276,425	246,810
Southeast AsianCensus data footnote 98	10,590	4,940	5,650	313,260	148,880	164,385
West AsianCensus data footnote 99	6,780	3,410	3,365	264,305	133,475	130,825
Korean	5,030	2,390	2,640	188,710	89,110	99,600
Japanese	2,330	1,035	1,300	92,920	40,105	52,815
Visible minority, n.i.e.Census data footnote 100	4,300	2,110	2,195	132,090	62,540	69,550
Multiple visible minoritiesCensus data footnote 101	6,960	3,385	3,570	232,375	113,140	119,230
Not a visible minorityCensus data footnote 102	1,205,860	589,150	616,710	26,785,480	13,246,485	13,539,000
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 103	1,386,050	676,825	709,230	34,460,065	16,971,575	17,488,485
North American Aboriginal origins	52,880	25,210	27,670	2,130,520	1,026,675	1,103,840
First Nations (North American Indian)	42,110	20,095	22,020	1,525,570	731,410	794,155
Inuit	515	220	295	79,130	38,695	40,435
Métis	11,375	5,410	5,965	599,995	291,310	308,690
Other North American origins	385,245	188,390	196,855	11,628,535	5,745,695	5,882,835
Acadian	1,880	990	890	119,675	57,805	61,865
American	18,215	8,485	9,730	377,405	182,690	194,715
Canadian	371,290	181,900	189,390	11,135,965	5,501,595	5,634,370
New Brunswicker	50	25	20	1,490	800	685
Newfoundlander	1,150	525	625	22,215	11,420	10,800
Nova Scotian	205	80	125	3,700	1,770	1,930
Ontarian	160	50	105	3,925	1,980	1,945
Québécois	475	225	250	194,560	99,320	95,235
Other North American origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 104	135	70	70	1,895	950	945
European origins	1,055,400	513,290	542,105	19,683,320	9,687,715	9,995,605
British Isles origins	656,610	316,305	340,310	11,211,850	5,474,735	5,737,115
Channel Islander	200	100	105	3,595	1,740	1,855
Cornish	75	30	40	1,975	995	975
English	391,770	187,625	204,145	6,320,085	3,069,515	3,250,570
Irish	248,750	116,820	131,935	4,627,000	2,195,620	2,431,385
Manx	350	180	170	6,125	3,090	3,040
Scottish	279,880	133,700	146,180	4,799,005	2,323,390	2,475,620
Welsh	28,360	13,570	14,795	474,805	226,600	248,210
British Isles origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 105	41,505	19,335	22,170	644,695	307,090	337,610
French origins	137,495	65,280	72,215	4,680,820	2,283,480	2,397,340
Alsatian	145	70	80	2,800	1,300	1,495
Breton	15	10	0	11,845	5,765	6,080
Corsican	20	0	15	1,750	950	805
French	137,355	65,205	72,150	4,670,595	2,278,430	2,392,165
Western European origins (except French origins)	265,250	130,170	135,085	4,600,855	2,258,095	2,342,760
Austrian	8,905	4,245	4,660	207,050	100,775	106,275
Bavarian	80	45	30	940	485	455
Belgian	9,545	4,805	4,745	186,665	91,395	95,270
Dutch	96,420	47,945	48,475	1,111,655	546,565	565,090
Flemish	490	275	215	11,685	5,730	5,960
Frisian	695	365	335	4,590	2,395	2,195
German	166,840	81,045	85,795	3,322,405	1,626,785	1,695,615
Luxembourger	75	35	40	3,915	2,025	1,890
Swiss	4,700	2,185	2,510	155,120	76,935	78,185
Western European origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 106	85	45	45	3,365	1,645	1,720
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	25,760	12,010	13,750	1,201,320	579,005	622,315
Danish	6,680	3,180	3,505	207,470	100,660	106,810
Finnish	5,110	2,415	2,695	143,645	69,045	74,600
Icelandic	1,240	585	650	101,795	49,875	51,915
Norwegian	5,535	2,535	2,995	463,275	223,075	240,200
Swedish	7,395	3,260	4,140	349,645	163,545	186,095
Northern European origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 107	1,340	690	655	52,780	26,965	25,820
Eastern European origins	188,825	91,130	97,690	3,431,245	1,666,740	1,764,505
Bulgarian	1,475	775	695	34,565	16,935	17,625
Byelorussian	615	245	375	20,710	10,190	10,515
Czech	5,635	2,850	2,785	104,580	51,555	53,030
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.Census data footnote 108	2,445	1,065	1,385	40,715	19,235	21,480
Estonian	1,630	760	870	24,530	11,715	12,815
Hungarian	35,035	17,055	17,980	348,085	170,040	178,045
Latvian	2,230	1,135	1,095	30,725	14,920	15,805
Lithuanian	4,255	1,995	2,260	59,285	28,745	30,535
Moldovan	160	70	90	14,915	7,265	7,650
Polish	72,920	34,745	38,180	1,106,585	533,830	572,750
Romanian	10,130	4,825	5,305	238,050	114,705	123,345
Russian	17,335	8,395	8,935	622,445	297,600	324,850
Slovak	6,060	3,090	2,970	72,285	35,360	36,925
Ukrainian	58,885	28,500	30,380	1,359,655	663,560	696,095
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 109	615	270	350	20,415	9,895	10,520
Southern European origins	231,550	116,010	115,545	3,012,375	1,494,605	1,517,775
Albanian	2,255	1,090	1,165	36,185	18,385	17,800
Bosnian	3,030	1,470	1,560	26,740	13,320	13,420
Catalan	50	40	15	1,280	740	535
Croatian	17,990	9,190	8,805	133,970	67,825	66,140
Cypriot	305	140	160	5,650	2,850	2,795
Greek	10,565	5,495	5,065	271,410	137,405	134,005
Italian	141,765	71,125	70,640	1,587,965	794,525	793,445
Kosovar	320	155	165	2,865	1,470	1,395
Macedonian	2,370	1,280	1,090	43,110	21,650	21,460
Maltese	3,580	1,795	1,785	41,920	20,955	20,965
Montenegrin	305	180	135	4,160	2,180	1,985
Portuguese	28,160	14,390	13,770	482,605	239,360	243,250
Serbian	12,505	6,505	6,000	96,530	49,095	47,440
Sicilian	845	370	475	6,940	3,500	3,435
Slovenian	4,335	2,190	2,145	40,470	20,105	20,365
Spanish	14,725	6,530	8,195	396,460	184,520	211,945
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.Census data footnote 110	3,210	1,665	1,545	38,480	18,620	19,860
Southern European origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 111	115	60	55	2,170	1,030	1,135
Other European origins	5,735	2,825	2,910	226,695	115,110	111,580
Basque	95	65	35	6,965	3,690	3,275
Jewish	3,035	1,470	1,565	143,660	72,625	71,035
Roma (Gypsy)	405	205	195	4,630	2,195	2,440
Slavic, n.o.s.Census data footnote 112	285	170	120	4,870	2,560	2,310
Other European origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 113	1,970	940	1,030	67,890	34,730	33,160
Caribbean origins	24,770	12,150	12,620	749,155	349,810	399,345
Antiguan	100	40	55	4,500	2,115	2,385
Bahamian	175	70	100	3,675	1,915	1,760
Barbadian	1,820	905	910	37,780	17,745	20,035
Bermudan	240	115	130	3,075	1,435	1,640
Carib	55	35	20	3,030	1,175	1,860
Cuban	1,480	675	805	29,065	13,800	15,270
Dominican	710	380	330	23,130	11,000	12,125
Grenadian	655	320	335	17,915	7,835	10,080
Guadeloupean	10	0	10	1,125	515	605
Haitian	820	350	470	165,095	76,460	88,635
Jamaican	13,640	6,685	6,955	309,485	145,080	164,410
Kittitian/Nevisian	125	75	45	2,915	1,460	1,460
Martinican	0	0	0	2,010	900	1,110
Montserratan	45	15	30	930	460	470
Puerto Rican	155	85	75	3,405	1,645	1,765
St. Lucian	185	100	85	8,985	4,095	4,890
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	3,570	1,785	1,785	78,965	37,325	41,635
Vincentian/Grenadinian	335	180	155	17,420	7,475	9,945
West Indian, n.o.s.Census data footnote 114	2,070	930	1,145	70,270	31,625	38,645
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 115	760	380	380	26,830	12,520	14,310
Latin, Central and South American origins	24,360	11,860	12,500	674,640	325,210	349,430
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	900	410	490	22,725	10,875	11,850
Arawak	100	45	55	1,440	610	830
Argentinian	725	375	350	20,680	10,130	10,545
Belizean	55	35	25	1,755	915	845
Bolivian	100	55	40	5,055	2,480	2,580
Brazilian	1,135	515	620	36,830	17,380	19,455
Chilean	890	410	480	45,190	22,280	22,910
Colombian	4,530	2,160	2,370	96,325	45,590	50,735
Costa Rican	260	140	125	5,535	2,680	2,855
Ecuadorian	565	265	300	25,405	11,995	13,415
Guatemalan	1,435	675	760	26,275	13,360	12,915
Guyanese	3,080	1,530	1,545	84,275	39,530	44,745
Hispanic	440	220	220	11,055	5,380	5,670
Honduran	475	215	260	10,650	5,235	5,415
Maya	320	150	170	6,285	3,350	2,940
Mexican	4,145	2,130	2,015	128,485	62,890	65,595
Nicaraguan	535	230	305	13,705	6,650	7,055
Panamanian	150	85	60	4,700	2,210	2,495
Paraguayan	125	70	60	4,325	2,165	2,160
Peruvian	800	400	400	42,145	19,645	22,505
Salvadorean	3,140	1,570	1,570	66,220	32,960	33,255
Uruguayan	195	100	95	6,795	3,390	3,410
Venezuelan	845	395	450	26,345	12,220	14,125
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 116	1,130	535	595	28,455	13,930	14,525
African origins	26,120	12,970	13,145	1,067,930	539,805	528,120
Central and West African origins	4,770	2,385	2,385	230,110	118,040	112,070
Akan	35	15	20	1,955	1,090	870
Angolan	200	100	95	2,960	1,475	1,480
Ashanti	55	35	20	1,585	855	735
Beninese	20	0	20	4,995	2,670	2,320
Burkinabe	25	15	10	3,150	1,665	1,485
Cameroonian	200	110	90	24,615	12,390	12,230
Chadian	280	125	150	1,845	955	885
Congolese	895	450	440	38,365	18,925	19,440
Edo	10	0	10	1,945	1,095	855
Ewe	0	0	0	845	470	375
Gabonese	0	0	0	1,405	660	750
Gambian	20	10	15	975	495	475
Ghanaian	1,255	635	625	35,495	17,720	17,770
Guinean	70	30	40	7,240	3,785	3,455
Ibo	75	60	20	5,315	2,850	2,470
Ivorian	40	20	25	10,935	5,485	5,450
Liberian	85	50	35	2,485	1,130	1,360
Malian	25	10	15	4,490	2,280	2,210
Malinké	0	0	0	1,125	585	535
Nigerian	1,315	675	640	51,835	27,025	24,805
Peulh	0	0	0	2,435	1,270	1,170
Senegalese	35	0	30	10,175	5,500	4,670
Sierra Leonean	70	40	30	2,620	1,330	1,295
Togolese	20	10	20	5,300	2,870	2,430
Wolof	0	0	0	840	495	345
Yoruba	115	50	65	9,585	5,075	4,515
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 117	300	110	190	15,380	7,940	7,445
North African origins	6,060	3,210	2,850	355,045	185,775	169,270
Algerian	285	150	140	67,335	34,755	32,580
Berber	90	50	40	37,060	19,685	17,375
Coptic	100	65	35	3,535	1,860	1,680
Dinka	40	20	15	900	500	400
Egyptian	3,215	1,735	1,485	99,140	51,730	47,410
Libyan	365	195	170	7,740	4,135	3,605
Maure	0	0	0	1,190	655	535
Moroccan	495	280	215	103,940	54,005	49,945
Sudanese	1,425	740	685	19,960	10,315	9,645
Tunisian	180	80	100	25,645	13,985	11,665
North African origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 118	175	80	100	6,115	3,320	2,795
Southern and East African origins	7,170	3,420	3,750	260,145	128,325	131,815
Afrikaner	25	10	20	1,870	955	915
Amhara	45	20	20	1,530	815	715
Bantu, n.o.s.Census data footnote 119	90	50	40	3,965	2,175	1,785
Burundian	130	55	70	10,990	5,405	5,580
Djiboutian	10	10	0	1,710	790	920
Eritrean	275	110	160	25,255	12,830	12,430
Ethiopian	615	290	325	44,065	21,680	22,385
Harari	0	0	0	665	355	305
Kenyan	500	225	275	10,915	5,230	5,685
Malagasy	0	0	0	4,500	2,175	2,325
Mauritian	110	55	60	9,325	4,655	4,665
Oromo	60	45	20	3,350	1,745	1,605
Rwandan	325	155	165	10,775	5,065	5,705
Seychellois	50	25	20	1,285	575	710
Somali	1,575	705	870	62,550	30,215	32,330
South African	1,915	920	995	41,375	20,575	20,800
Tanzanian	195	80	110	4,710	2,400	2,310
Tigrian	0	0	0	2,155	1,160	995
Ugandan	155	80	75	5,705	2,875	2,830
Zambian	135	65	65	1,860	935	920
Zimbabwean	715	330	390	8,090	3,975	4,110
Zulu	100	55	50	945	475	475
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 120	495	245	250	17,305	8,445	8,860
Other African origins	8,545	4,145	4,400	239,560	116,400	123,165
Black, n.o.s.Census data footnote 121	1,340	640	695	30,385	14,015	16,370
Other African origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 122	7,270	3,540	3,725	212,005	103,790	108,215
Asian origins	135,310	65,490	69,825	6,095,235	2,958,120	3,137,115
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	33,235	16,890	16,345	1,011,145	518,170	492,980
Afghan	2,005	990	1,015	83,995	42,320	41,675
Arab, n.o.s.Census data footnote 123	3,835	2,055	1,780	111,400	58,930	52,475
Armenian	2,525	1,285	1,245	63,810	31,505	32,305
Assyrian	2,245	1,125	1,120	13,835	7,115	6,720
Azerbaijani	155	80	80	6,425	3,230	3,200
Georgian	80	35	45	4,775	2,430	2,345
Hazara	45	35	10	1,515	810	705
Iranian	3,640	1,860	1,775	210,405	106,565	103,840
Iraqi	4,290	2,165	2,120	70,925	35,965	34,955
Israeli	570	295	275	28,735	15,065	13,675
Jordanian	870	410	460	14,250	7,520	6,735
Kazakh	65	30	35	3,330	1,615	1,710
Kurd	1,835	935	905	16,315	8,810	7,515
Kuwaiti	50	25	20	2,235	1,185	1,055
Kyrgyz	15	10	0	1,060	510	550
Lebanese	4,400	2,125	2,280	219,555	112,970	106,590
Palestinian	2,790	1,465	1,330	44,820	23,900	20,920
Pashtun	115	65	55	4,810	2,565	2,245
Saudi Arabian	285	165	130	6,810	3,935	2,880
Syrian	2,455	1,240	1,215	77,045	38,445	38,600
Tajik	15	10	10	2,905	1,410	1,495
Tatar	45	25	20	4,825	2,155	2,670
Turk	2,415	1,200	1,215	63,955	32,855	31,100
Turkmen	25	10	10	1,040	540	500
Uighur	75	35	30	1,555	775	785
Uzbek	40	15	25	3,920	1,920	2,000
Yemeni	410	215	195	6,645	3,335	3,305
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 124	940	440	505	25,280	13,180	12,100
South Asian origins	42,760	21,325	21,435	1,963,330	993,595	969,735
Bangladeshi	1,030	500	535	45,940	23,645	22,300
Bengali	510	275	240	22,900	11,730	11,180
Bhutanese	15	10	10	3,600	1,765	1,835
East Indian	31,205	15,630	15,575	1,374,710	694,990	679,720
Goan	170	75	90	6,070	2,915	3,155
Gujarati	185	70	115	8,350	4,305	4,050
Kashmiri	160	70	85	3,115	1,605	1,510
Nepali	255	140	110	17,140	8,715	8,420
Pakistani	6,210	3,085	3,125	215,555	110,420	105,140
Punjabi	2,310	1,150	1,155	118,400	61,155	57,240
Sinhalese	230	125	105	7,285	3,605	3,685
Sri Lankan	1,490	690	800	152,595	75,010	77,585
Tamil	205	100	105	48,670	24,845	23,825
South Asian origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 125	1,655	840	810	76,400	38,815	37,585
East and Southeast Asian origins	60,530	27,935	32,595	3,163,360	1,467,205	1,696,155
Burmese	160	85	75	9,335	4,535	4,795
Cambodian (Khmer)	1,935	870	1,060	38,490	18,515	19,980
Chinese	26,145	12,425	13,720	1,769,195	836,150	933,045
Filipino	17,215	7,420	9,790	837,130	369,105	468,025
Hmong	0	0	0	805	420	390
Indonesian	580	250	330	21,390	9,950	11,440
Japanese	3,135	1,470	1,675	121,485	53,415	68,070
Karen	385	205	180	4,510	2,275	2,240
Korean	5,185	2,465	2,720	198,210	93,680	104,525
Laotian	1,420	630	790	24,580	12,190	12,390
Malaysian	325	130	190	16,920	7,735	9,185
Mongolian	145	85	60	7,480	3,560	3,915
Singaporean	25	10	20	2,850	1,325	1,520
Taiwanese	300	130	170	36,510	16,570	19,945
Thai	845	325	515	19,010	7,330	11,680
Tibetan	35	0	35	8,040	4,055	3,985
Vietnamese	7,010	3,355	3,660	240,615	115,935	124,680
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 126	195	90	100	6,500	3,150	3,355
Other Asian origins	690	305	385	22,745	11,280	11,460
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 127	695	305	390	22,740	11,280	11,460
Oceania origins	2,125	1,035	1,090	85,470	43,030	42,440
Australian	1,405	675	730	42,315	21,710	20,605
New Zealander	380	195	190	15,395	8,065	7,330
Pacific Islands origins	375	180	190	29,485	14,240	15,250
Fijian	135	50	85	19,375	9,280	10,090
Hawaiian	55	25	25	3,295	1,500	1,795
Maori	80	40	35	2,500	1,310	1,195
Polynesian, n.o.s.Census data footnote 128	20	20	0	1,530	725	805
Samoan	40	35	10	1,100	625	475
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 129	60	10	45	2,335	1,145	1,185
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 130	563,075	...	...	14,072,075	...	...
Owner	407,260	...	...	9,541,320	...	...
Renter	155,800	...	...	4,474,530	...	...
Band housing	20	...	...	56,230	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 131	563,075	...	...	14,072,075	...	...
Condominium	54,295	...	...	1,874,840	...	...
Not condominium	508,785	...	...	12,197,240	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 132	563,080	...	...	14,072,080	...	...
No bedrooms	2,015	...	...	93,345	...	...
1 bedroom	62,275	...	...	1,925,015	...	...
2 bedrooms	122,435	...	...	3,547,090	...	...
3 bedrooms	237,070	...	...	4,836,485	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	139,280	...	...	3,670,145	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 133	563,080	...	...	14,072,075	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	114,490	...	...	4,068,915	...	...
5 rooms	78,480	...	...	2,177,045	...	...
6 rooms	91,905	...	...	1,981,585	...	...
7 rooms	87,405	...	...	1,790,180	...	...
8 or more rooms	190,800	...	...	4,054,355	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.6	...	...	6.2	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 134	563,080	...	...	14,072,080	...	...
One person or fewer per room	557,340	...	...	13,802,060	...	...
More than 1 person per room	5,735	...	...	270,020	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 135	563,075	...	...	14,072,075	...	...
Suitable	541,565	...	...	13,376,345	...	...
Not suitable	21,510	...	...	695,730	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 136	563,075	...	...	14,072,080	...	...
1960 or before	184,170	...	...	3,126,380	...	...
1961 to 1980	168,630	...	...	4,185,510	...	...
1981 to 1990	65,960	...	...	1,977,640	...	...
1991 to 2000	58,000	...	...	1,746,390	...	...
2001 to 2005	31,365	...	...	976,390	...	...
2006 to 2010	28,945	...	...	1,089,750	...	...
2011 to 2016Census data footnote 137	26,010	...	...	970,015	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 138	563,075	...	...	14,072,080	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	526,995	...	...	13,151,600	...	...
Major repairs needed	36,085	...	...	920,480	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 139	563,075	...	...	14,072,080	...	...
1 household maintainer	326,790	...	...	8,324,865	...	...
2 household maintainers	224,500	...	...	5,404,800	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	11,790	...	...	342,415	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 140	563,080	...	...	14,072,080	...	...
15 to 24 years	12,350	...	...	437,230	...	...
25 to 34 years	66,950	...	...	1,991,685	...	...
35 to 44 years	87,830	...	...	2,414,920	...	...
45 to 54 years	115,265	...	...	2,862,870	...	...
55 to 64 years	117,405	...	...	2,859,315	...	...
65 to 74 years	89,450	...	...	2,034,220	...	...
75 to 84 years	52,425	...	...	1,084,700	...	...
85 years and over	21,405	...	...	387,135	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 141	558,210	...	...	13,798,305	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	420,570	...	...	10,472,355	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	137,640	...	...	3,325,950	...	...
30% to less than 100%	122,530	...	...	2,861,615	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	403,190	...	...	9,368,330	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgageCensus data footnote 142	59.6	...	...	60.7	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costsCensus data footnote 141	16.4	...	...	16.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)Census data footnote 143	1,156	...	...	1,130	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)Census data footnote 143	1,298	...	...	1,313	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)Census data footnote 144	348,993	...	...	341,556	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)Census data footnote 144	403,452	...	...	443,058	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	155,530	...	...	4,452,850	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housingCensus data footnote 145	14.7	...	...	13.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costsCensus data footnote 141	46.1	...	...	40.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)Census data footnote 143	909	...	...	910	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)Census data footnote 143	970	...	...	1,002	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 146	1,160,790	561,150	599,640	28,643,015	13,990,435	14,652,580
No certificate, diploma or degree	216,850	108,530	108,315	5,239,575	2,667,995	2,571,585
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificateCensus data footnote 147	341,945	165,610	176,330	7,576,400	3,686,630	3,889,770
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	602,000	287,010	314,990	15,827,040	7,635,805	8,191,230
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	85,730	61,340	24,390	2,800,260	1,906,610	893,650
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of QualificationCensus data footnote 148	39,880	24,325	15,555	1,549,880	880,365	669,515
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of QualificationCensus data footnote 149	45,855	37,015	8,840	1,250,385	1,026,250	224,140
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	271,820	115,385	156,435	5,553,825	2,326,940	3,226,890
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	20,805	9,320	11,485	813,335	331,940	481,395
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	223,645	100,960	122,680	6,659,615	3,070,315	3,589,300
Bachelor's degree	152,885	66,235	86,650	4,443,835	1,967,905	2,475,935
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	15,075	6,590	8,485	462,295	203,725	258,570
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	6,720	3,830	2,885	190,925	102,530	88,395
Master's degree	41,660	19,745	21,910	1,331,045	651,510	679,535
Earned doctorateCensus data footnote 150	7,310	4,565	2,745	231,510	144,640	86,870
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 146	737,185	357,760	379,425	18,931,380	9,268,555	9,662,830
No certificate, diploma or degree	80,630	44,510	36,115	2,169,790	1,200,110	969,685
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificateCensus data footnote 147	201,950	102,155	99,790	4,494,585	2,247,020	2,247,565
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	454,610	211,095	243,510	12,267,005	5,821,425	6,445,580
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	56,170	40,020	16,145	2,042,430	1,377,775	664,650
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of QualificationCensus data footnote 148	26,340	16,080	10,265	1,145,035	639,785	505,250
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of QualificationCensus data footnote 149	29,825	23,945	5,880	897,390	737,990	159,405
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	209,935	89,370	120,565	4,241,985	1,786,065	2,455,920
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	13,930	6,235	7,695	580,885	240,040	340,850
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	174,575	75,470	99,105	5,401,705	2,417,555	2,984,155
Bachelor's degree	118,940	50,150	68,785	3,590,080	1,562,160	2,027,925
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	11,635	4,765	6,865	362,455	151,205	211,250
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	5,320	2,745	2,575	153,290	74,440	78,855
Master's degree	33,205	14,680	18,520	1,120,190	527,335	592,850
Earned doctorateCensus data footnote 150	5,480	3,130	2,350	175,685	102,415	73,275
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 151	1,160,790	561,150	599,640	28,643,015	13,990,430	14,652,585
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degreeCensus data footnote 152	558,795	274,145	284,650	12,815,980	6,354,625	6,461,350
Education	38,925	9,705	29,225	1,060,095	251,290	808,800
13. Education	38,930	9,705	29,220	1,060,095	251,290	808,805
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	22,465	10,105	12,365	596,230	268,050	328,180
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	4,115	3,015	1,105	99,020	72,865	26,150
50. Visual and performing arts	18,345	7,090	11,260	497,210	195,185	302,025
Humanities	32,510	12,860	19,650	850,840	330,490	520,345
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	2,895	635	2,255	98,000	22,100	75,900
23. English language and literature/letters	8,325	2,520	5,810	178,590	52,785	125,810
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	7,965	2,910	5,055	275,525	104,135	171,390
30A Interdisciplinary humanitiesCensus data footnote 153	180	55	130	4,160	1,640	2,520
38. Philosophy and religious studies	2,190	1,285	905	51,930	30,185	21,750
39. Theology and religious vocations	3,445	2,080	1,365	77,490	46,285	31,200
54. History	5,805	3,110	2,695	111,465	59,965	51,500
55. French language and literature/letters	1,705	265	1,440	53,680	13,400	40,290
Social and behavioural sciences and law	71,505	22,580	48,925	1,761,900	586,455	1,175,445
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	640	120	525	24,685	5,660	19,025
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	7,140	3,015	4,130	182,275	68,030	114,245
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	15,665	1,175	14,490	324,660	26,065	298,595
22. Legal professions and studies	8,970	2,690	6,285	289,600	102,660	186,945
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciencesCensus data footnote 154	1,480	255	1,225	35,445	8,150	27,295
42. Psychology	10,825	2,670	8,155	281,470	71,230	210,230
45. Social sciences	26,785	12,660	14,125	623,775	304,660	319,110
Business, management and public administration	115,260	44,955	70,300	3,360,045	1,272,475	2,087,565
30.16 Accounting and computer science	235	65	170	6,190	1,850	4,340
44. Public administration and social service professions	11,210	1,830	9,380	237,835	48,815	189,015
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	103,810	43,055	60,755	3,116,025	1,221,805	1,894,215
Physical and life sciences and technologies	21,410	11,155	10,255	614,280	315,665	298,615
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	9,030	3,940	5,090	249,955	105,560	144,400
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	4,395	2,055	2,335	125,600	61,685	63,915
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciencesCensus data footnote 155	255	75	180	28,155	12,625	15,530
40. Physical sciences	6,435	4,610	1,825	179,305	122,815	56,485
41. Science technologies/technicians	1,290	470	825	31,270	12,980	18,290
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	19,370	11,865	7,500	651,480	420,370	231,110
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	14,250	9,510	4,750	514,685	356,435	158,250
25. Library science	1,560	155	1,410	40,820	6,495	34,320
27. Mathematics and statistics	3,255	1,990	1,265	86,655	50,930	35,725
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciencesCensus data footnote 156	295	215	80	9,325	6,510	2,815
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	126,900	118,025	8,870	3,327,405	3,022,700	304,700
04. Architecture and related services	4,395	3,285	1,110	114,315	72,880	41,435
14. Engineering	20,025	16,940	3,085	752,465	615,880	136,585
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	29,690	26,720	2,970	620,065	551,855	68,205
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	10	410	85	325
46. Construction trades	24,525	24,030	500	702,155	682,710	19,445
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	29,155	28,610	550	731,135	709,430	21,705
48. Precision production	19,095	18,445	645	406,855	389,850	17,005
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	11,220	6,995	4,225	339,050	219,040	120,010
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	7,995	5,010	2,985	205,930	127,925	78,005
03. Natural resources and conservation	3,230	1,990	1,240	133,120	91,115	42,005
Health and related fields	100,250	17,975	82,275	2,266,720	441,180	1,825,545
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	9,770	4,585	5,185	164,295	81,260	83,040
51. Health professions and related programs	88,380	12,200	76,185	2,047,680	329,010	1,718,670
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	2,095	1,195	900	54,740	30,910	23,830
Personal, protective and transportation services	42,040	20,750	21,290	995,825	507,200	488,630
12. Personal and culinary services	22,915	5,845	17,075	565,555	151,530	414,025
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	160	120	35	3,505	3,080	420
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	160	150	10	7,900	7,230	670
43. Security and protective services	12,400	8,685	3,715	206,745	150,540	56,205
49. Transportation and materials moving	6,400	5,945	455	212,125	194,810	17,315
Other	150	35	115	3,170	885	2,280
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	145	35	115	3,170	890	2,280
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 151	737,185	357,760	379,425	18,931,385	9,268,555	9,662,825
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degreeCensus data footnote 152	282,580	146,665	135,910	6,664,380	3,447,130	3,217,250
Education	26,645	6,320	20,330	727,515	160,315	567,205
13. Education	26,650	6,315	20,330	727,515	160,315	567,200
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	17,270	7,730	9,540	467,905	208,365	259,545
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	3,030	2,215	815	74,530	53,995	20,535
50. Visual and performing arts	14,240	5,510	8,725	393,375	154,370	239,005
Humanities	23,515	8,925	14,590	614,815	232,425	382,390
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	2,160	455	1,705	76,540	16,200	60,340
23. English language and literature/letters	6,040	1,745	4,295	133,800	38,310	95,485
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	5,905	2,110	3,795	191,005	71,770	119,235
30A Interdisciplinary humanitiesCensus data footnote 153	140	35	105	3,140	1,250	1,895
38. Philosophy and religious studies	1,500	880	625	37,870	21,930	15,940
39. Theology and religious vocations	2,320	1,360	960	52,295	31,200	21,090
54. History	4,210	2,180	2,025	82,565	43,475	39,085
55. French language and literature/letters	1,240	165	1,080	37,600	8,285	29,315
Social and behavioural sciences and law	56,600	16,985	39,615	1,417,625	453,100	964,525
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	495	100	395	20,300	4,595	15,705
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	6,030	2,495	3,535	152,080	56,125	95,955
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	12,405	815	11,595	259,845	19,160	240,685
22. Legal professions and studies	7,530	1,955	5,575	241,170	76,720	164,445
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciencesCensus data footnote 154	1,160	180	980	27,310	6,390	20,920
42. Psychology	8,210	1,920	6,290	218,470	51,570	166,900
45. Social sciences	20,770	9,520	11,245	498,450	238,540	259,915
Business, management and public administration	89,485	34,130	55,355	2,696,770	1,000,895	1,695,875
30.16 Accounting and computer science	185	55	130	4,955	1,480	3,475
44. Public administration and social service professions	9,165	1,420	7,740	192,190	36,890	155,305
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	80,135	32,650	47,480	2,499,625	962,530	1,537,095
Physical and life sciences and technologies	15,925	7,790	8,135	449,870	222,120	227,755
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	6,960	2,895	4,060	195,830	79,945	115,880
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	3,240	1,485	1,750	89,205	42,265	46,945
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciencesCensus data footnote 155	225	75	150	9,280	3,850	5,430
40. Physical sciences	4,550	3,025	1,525	132,935	87,025	45,905
41. Science technologies/technicians	950	310	645	22,625	9,035	13,590
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	16,245	10,140	6,110	567,415	368,840	198,575
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	12,550	8,450	4,100	464,000	321,805	142,190
25. Library science	1,065	115	950	29,955	4,870	25,080
27. Mathematics and statistics	2,395	1,405	990	65,620	36,895	28,725
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciencesCensus data footnote 156	245	170	70	7,840	5,270	2,575
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	91,585	84,225	7,365	2,532,555	2,271,735	260,820
04. Architecture and related services	3,480	2,570	920	93,135	57,280	35,850
14. Engineering	14,925	12,240	2,685	612,265	490,980	121,285
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	22,250	19,825	2,430	475,045	418,595	56,450
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	10	0	0	350	70	275
46. Construction trades	16,830	16,375	455	515,630	499,670	15,960
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	21,035	20,635	400	540,800	523,425	17,375
48. Precision production	13,050	12,580	470	295,335	281,715	13,620
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	8,805	5,255	3,555	269,445	167,680	101,770
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	6,220	3,680	2,540	159,975	94,680	65,295
03. Natural resources and conservation	2,580	1,570	1,010	109,470	73,000	36,470
Health and related fields	76,615	13,840	62,775	1,749,545	342,395	1,407,145
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	7,735	3,575	4,160	129,560	63,315	66,245
51. Health professions and related programs	67,245	9,410	57,835	1,576,945	256,895	1,320,050
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	1,635	855	785	43,040	22,185	20,860
Personal, protective and transportation services	31,790	15,740	16,055	770,950	392,820	378,135
12. Personal and culinary services	16,840	4,300	12,540	431,415	114,395	317,025
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	110	85	35	2,725	2,355	375
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	75	75	10	4,425	3,975	445
43. Security and protective services	9,760	6,650	3,115	162,995	116,750	46,240
49. Transportation and materials moving	5,000	4,635	370	169,400	155,340	14,050
Other	130	25	105	2,590	745	1,845
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	130	25	105	2,585	740	1,845
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 157	1,160,790	561,150	599,640	28,643,015	13,990,435	14,652,585
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	558,790	274,145	284,650	12,815,975	6,354,625	6,461,350
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degreeCensus data footnote 158	602,000	287,005	314,990	15,827,040	7,635,805	8,191,235
Location of study inside Canada	516,720	244,350	272,370	13,117,190	6,299,305	6,817,890
Same as province or territory of residence	490,680	231,790	258,890	11,519,215	5,503,640	6,015,575
Different than province or territory of residence	26,035	12,560	13,480	1,597,975	795,655	802,315
Location of study outside CanadaCensus data footnote 159	85,275	42,660	42,620	2,709,850	1,336,505	1,373,345
United StatesCensus data footnote 160	19,575	9,480	10,090	349,540	189,995	159,545
Philippines	5,125	1,755	3,370	298,830	109,820	189,020
India	6,065	3,005	3,055	281,415	142,410	138,995
United KingdomCensus data footnote 161	12,665	7,590	5,075	232,035	131,050	100,980
ChinaCensus data footnote 162	3,160	1,365	1,790	205,375	94,690	110,685
France	500	270	225	88,860	50,400	38,455
Other	38,195	19,190	19,010	1,253,790	618,135	635,655
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 157	737,185	357,760	379,425	18,931,380	9,268,555	9,662,830
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	282,575	146,665	135,915	6,664,380	3,447,125	3,217,250
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degreeCensus data footnote 158	454,610	211,095	243,510	12,267,005	5,821,430	6,445,575
Location of study inside Canada	395,285	183,495	211,790	10,134,590	4,807,045	5,327,545
Same as province or territory of residence	377,115	174,750	202,365	8,918,160	4,207,495	4,710,665
Different than province or territory of residence	18,165	8,740	9,425	1,216,425	599,545	616,875
Location of study outside CanadaCensus data footnote 159	59,325	27,610	31,720	2,132,415	1,014,385	1,118,030
United StatesCensus data footnote 160	14,590	6,580	8,010	254,245	131,955	122,290
Philippines	4,175	1,385	2,790	263,095	96,025	167,065
India	4,920	2,360	2,560	239,535	117,445	122,090
United KingdomCensus data footnote 161	5,035	2,790	2,245	133,655	73,575	60,085
ChinaCensus data footnote 162	2,570	1,100	1,470	175,825	79,635	96,190
France	400	210	190	72,920	40,610	32,310
Other	27,635	13,185	14,455	993,135	475,145	517,990
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 163	1,160,790	561,150	599,640	28,643,020	13,990,430	14,652,585
In the labour force	733,020	377,525	355,495	18,672,475	9,731,830	8,940,645
Employed	682,910	350,610	332,300	17,230,040	8,923,540	8,306,490
Unemployed	50,115	26,920	23,195	1,442,435	808,285	634,150
Not in the labour force	427,765	183,625	244,145	9,970,545	4,258,605	5,711,945
Participation rate	63.1	67.3	59.3	65.2	69.6	61.0
Employment rate	58.8	62.5	55.4	60.2	63.8	56.7
Unemployment rate	6.8	7.1	6.5	7.7	8.3	7.1
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 164	1,160,795	561,150	599,640	28,643,020	13,990,430	14,652,580
Did not workCensus data footnote 165	401,790	171,985	229,805	9,282,005	3,930,570	5,351,440
Worked	759,000	389,165	369,835	19,361,010	10,059,865	9,301,150
Worked full year, full timeCensus data footnote 166	395,840	223,200	172,635	9,626,010	5,402,110	4,223,895
Worked part year and/or part timeCensus data footnote 167	363,165	165,965	197,200	9,735,005	4,657,755	5,077,245
Average weeks worked in reference year	43.1	43.5	42.6	42.4	42.9	42.0
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 168	733,025	377,525	355,495	18,672,470	9,731,825	8,940,640
Class of worker - not applicableCensus data footnote 169	14,780	7,355	7,420	404,350	197,705	206,640
All classes of workersCensus data footnote 170	718,245	370,175	348,070	18,268,125	9,534,120	8,734,000
Employee	640,575	321,680	318,890	16,073,685	8,158,745	7,914,940
Self-employedCensus data footnote 171	77,670	48,485	29,180	2,194,440	1,375,380	819,060
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 172	733,020	377,525	355,490	18,672,470	9,731,830	8,940,645
Occupation - not applicableCensus data footnote 169	14,780	7,360	7,425	404,350	197,710	206,640
All occupationsCensus data footnote 170	718,245	370,170	348,075	18,268,120	9,534,120	8,734,005
0 Management occupations	79,020	48,445	30,580	2,013,370	1,251,165	762,205
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	101,190	29,460	71,730	2,874,305	862,870	2,011,440
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	38,815	31,325	7,495	1,273,660	990,560	283,105
3 Health occupations	52,010	9,235	42,770	1,245,885	244,730	1,001,155
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	81,495	25,555	55,940	2,138,445	672,945	1,465,495
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	19,095	8,540	10,555	557,275	255,705	301,570
6 Sales and service occupations	182,250	74,670	107,580	4,265,895	1,843,510	2,422,390
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	107,405	100,765	6,635	2,668,875	2,504,290	164,585
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	15,830	11,540	4,285	416,135	331,920	84,215
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	41,135	30,640	10,495	814,285	576,435	237,845
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 173	733,020	377,530	355,495	18,672,475	9,731,830	8,940,640
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicableCensus data footnote 169	14,775	7,355	7,425	404,350	197,710	206,640
All industry categoriesCensus data footnote 170	718,240	370,170	348,070	18,268,125	9,534,120	8,734,000
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	14,980	9,185	5,795	444,680	310,000	134,675
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	1,380	1,190	190	271,300	219,880	51,420
22 Utilities	4,275	3,210	1,065	136,350	100,135	36,210
23 Construction	52,000	45,695	6,305	1,365,010	1,196,550	168,455
31-33 Manufacturing	84,215	64,245	19,965	1,596,570	1,149,745	446,820
41 Wholesale trade	30,580	21,145	9,435	665,685	451,230	214,455
44-45 Retail trade	86,260	38,590	47,675	2,110,200	984,090	1,126,115
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	31,220	22,485	8,740	876,050	656,375	219,670
51 Information and cultural industries	12,680	7,165	5,515	420,350	243,650	176,705
52 Finance and insurance	27,190	11,205	15,985	790,580	327,865	462,715
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	11,995	6,270	5,720	333,305	184,350	148,955
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	40,470	21,935	18,535	1,335,125	740,520	594,605
55 Management of companies and enterprises	1,070	495	575	28,795	12,795	16,000
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	35,985	20,620	15,365	802,420	462,825	339,590
61 Educational services	57,060	17,520	39,535	1,346,585	420,845	925,735
62 Health care and social assistance	87,050	14,160	72,885	2,138,025	383,755	1,754,270
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	18,570	9,730	8,835	379,740	192,875	186,865
72 Accommodation and food services	57,580	22,705	34,875	1,283,725	535,210	748,515
81 Other services (except public administration)	31,010	14,870	16,140	814,695	371,880	442,815
91 Public administration	32,675	17,735	14,940	1,128,945	589,530	539,405
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 174	682,905	350,610	332,295	17,230,035	8,923,540	8,306,495
Worked at home	46,595	22,850	23,745	1,272,285	639,500	632,785
Worked outside Canada	3,480	2,335	1,145	78,815	54,235	24,580
No fixed workplace address	74,470	54,620	19,850	1,987,260	1,487,445	499,820
Worked at usual place	558,365	270,805	287,560	13,891,675	6,742,360	7,149,315
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	558,365	270,800	287,560	13,891,680	6,742,365	7,149,315
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	304,785	133,835	170,950	8,102,115	3,723,115	4,379,005
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	89,445	42,910	46,540	2,906,390	1,435,640	1,470,750
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	162,860	93,350	69,505	2,725,205	1,492,170	1,233,030
Commute to a different province or territory	1,270	705	560	157,970	91,445	66,525
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 175	632,835	325,425	307,405	15,878,940	8,229,810	7,649,135
Car, truck, van - as a driver	510,480	269,605	240,870	11,748,095	6,380,120	5,367,975
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	43,095	19,820	23,280	868,920	349,855	519,065
Public transit	40,695	17,140	23,550	1,968,215	846,735	1,121,485
Walked	27,410	12,010	15,400	877,985	392,950	485,030
Bicycle	5,240	3,840	1,400	222,130	146,615	75,515
Other method	5,910	3,010	2,905	193,595	113,525	80,060
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 176	632,835	325,425	307,405	15,878,945	8,229,810	7,649,130
Less than 15 minutes	181,960	81,770	100,190	4,449,920	2,071,365	2,378,555
15 to 29 minutes	226,660	110,695	115,965	5,314,295	2,725,165	2,589,130
30 to 44 minutes	111,170	61,670	49,500	3,228,845	1,782,680	1,446,165
45 to 59 minutes	49,420	29,700	19,725	1,391,060	768,115	622,940
60 minutes and over	63,620	41,595	22,030	1,494,830	882,485	612,345
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 177	632,830	325,425	307,410	15,878,940	8,229,810	7,649,135
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	51,680	38,185	13,500	1,073,680	781,230	292,455
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	115,115	72,835	42,280	2,814,750	1,754,045	1,060,710
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	156,310	77,640	78,675	4,458,835	2,217,210	2,241,620
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	130,455	50,180	80,280	3,349,975	1,408,710	1,941,265
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	67,605	27,150	40,460	1,756,265	752,940	1,003,325
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	111,655	59,440	52,215	2,425,435	1,315,670	1,109,765
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 178	781,795	400,350	381,445	19,956,255	10,342,970	9,613,285
Single responses	776,065	397,845	378,215	19,365,980	10,042,855	9,323,130
Official languages	772,440	395,800	376,645	19,090,545	9,897,470	9,193,075
English	769,050	394,965	374,085	15,265,335	7,952,010	7,313,320
French	3,395	835	2,555	3,825,215	1,945,465	1,879,750
Non-official languages	3,620	2,050	1,575	275,430	145,380	130,055
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	24,950	12,385	12,565
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	14,440	7,370	7,070
Blackfoot	0	0	0	80	45	35
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	11,540	5,820	5,720
Atikamekw	0	0	0	1,095	580	515
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	2,055	970	1,085
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	370	180	190
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	40	25	10
Plains Cree	0	0	0	95	60	35
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	15	10	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	75	35	40
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	7,795	3,965	3,835
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	925	510	420
Malecite	0	0	0	10	0	10
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	915	505	410
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	1,895	995	900
Algonquin	0	0	0	45	20	25
Ojibway	0	0	0	765	380	385
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	1,080	595	485
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	10	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	1,140	530	610
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	1,135	525	610
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	20	0	15
Chilcotin	0	0	0	20	0	10
Dene	0	0	0	770	360	405
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	165	80	80
Gwich'in	0	0	0	10	10	10
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	10	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	135	65	70
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	95	45	45
South Slavey	0	0	0	35	20	20
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	10	10	10
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	10	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	10
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	10
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	10	0	10
Inuit languages	0	0	0	8,845	4,255	4,595
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	35	10	25
Inuktitut	0	0	0	8,800	4,240	4,555
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	10
Iroquoian languages	10	0	10	35	10	30
Cayuga	10	0	0	10	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	35	10	25
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	10	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	110	25	85
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	15	10	10
Lillooet	0	0	0	15	10	10
Okanagan	0	0	0	20	10	20
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	35	0	30
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	15	0	15
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	10
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	260	155	105
Dakota	0	0	0	20	10	10
Stoney	0	0	0	240	145	95
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	10	10	10
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	25	0	20
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	10	10	10
Nisga'a	0	0	0	10	10	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	10
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	35	15	20
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	15	10	10
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	10	10	10
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	30	15	15
Non-Aboriginal languages	3,615	2,050	1,565	250,485	132,990	117,490
Afro-Asiatic languages	180	115	65	7,380	4,530	2,850
Berber languages	0	0	0	35	10	30
Kabyle	0	0	0	20	0	20
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	15
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	275	105	170
Bilen	0	0	0	10	10	10
Oromo	0	0	0	45	25	20
Somali	10	0	0	220	80	145
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	175	120	60	7,065	4,420	2,650
Amharic	0	0	0	200	95	100
Arabic	150	90	55	5,585	3,695	1,890
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	20	15	10	205	155	55
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	30	20	15
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	825	335	490
Maltese	0	0	0	25	15	10
Tigrigna	0	0	0	135	70	60
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	65	35	30
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Austro-Asiatic languages	210	85	125	8,550	3,790	4,760
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	10	0	475	230	245
Vietnamese	200	85	120	8,070	3,560	4,510
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	45	25	25	3,850	1,750	2,095
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	75	20	55
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	25	0	15
Ilocano	0	0	0	110	50	60
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	140	75	65
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	10	0	10
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	45	20	25	3,450	1,580	1,875
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	25	15
Creole languages	0	10	0	350	125	225
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	25	10	15
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	315	110	200
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	0	10
Dravidian languages	10	0	0	2,225	1,060	1,165
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	90	50	45
Tamil	0	0	0	2,090	1,005	1,080
Telugu	0	0	0	45	10	35
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	10	10	0
Indo-European languages	1,875	1,090	780	85,550	47,305	38,245
Albanian	35	25	10	350	220	125
Armenian	10	0	0	450	220	230
Balto-Slavic languages	455	255	205	10,075	4,745	5,330
Baltic languages	10	0	10	95	35	60
Latvian	0	0	10	40	10	25
Lithuanian	0	0	0	60	25	30
Slavic languages	450	250	195	9,980	4,710	5,270
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	40	15	25	155	90	65
Bulgarian	0	10	0	205	110	90
Croatian	50	35	10	220	130	95
Czech	10	10	0	70	40	30
Macedonian	0	0	0	95	45	55
Polish	135	65	70	2,500	1,265	1,235
Russian	55	20	30	4,850	2,135	2,720
Serbian	120	75	45	530	320	210
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	30	25	0
Slovak	0	10	0	100	60	40
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	0	0	15	0	10
Ukrainian	20	0	15	1,210	485	725
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	25	20	10
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	15	15	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	10
Germanic languages	255	155	100	13,285	7,455	5,835
Afrikaans	0	0	0	85	40	40
Danish	0	0	0	90	50	35
Dutch	20	15	10	1,165	630	540
Frisian	0	0	0	40	25	15
German	185	120	60	10,065	5,715	4,345
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	10	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	65	30	40
Swedish	10	0	10	125	55	70
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	35	20	15
Yiddish	0	0	0	895	390	505
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	40	20	20	720	495	225
Greek	0	10	0	1,020	545	475
Indo-Iranian languages	345	200	140	37,330	21,140	16,190
Indo-Aryan languages	290	160	125	32,485	18,125	14,360
Bengali	0	0	0	530	275	245
Gujarati	35	20	10	880	300	585
Hindi	15	10	10	1,405	755	650
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	10	0	0
Marathi	10	0	0	30	15	15
Nepali	10	0	10	195	95	100
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	175	100	70	27,870	15,945	11,920
Sindhi	0	0	0	35	10	30
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	40	25	20
Urdu	55	30	25	1,495	705	790
Iranian languages	50	35	10	4,820	3,000	1,815
Kurdish	10	0	0	185	150	40
Pashto	0	0	0	50	20	25
Persian (Farsi)	40	25	15	4,580	2,830	1,750
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	20	10	15
Italic (Romance) languages	765	440	325	23,025	12,965	10,060
Catalan	0	0	0	30	10	20
Italian	55	20	35	1,705	895	805
Portuguese	205	140	65	7,490	4,795	2,695
Romanian	10	0	0	745	365	380
Spanish	500	270	230	13,030	6,885	6,145
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	10	0	25	10	10
Japanese	95	50	40	3,255	1,195	2,065
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	30	10	20
Georgian	0	0	0	30	10	20
Korean	175	85	90	12,150	6,260	5,885
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	10	10	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Niger-Congo languages	10	0	10	235	120	115
Akan (Twi)	0	0	10	25	10	20
Bamanankan	0	0	0	10	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	10	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	20	10	10
Igbo	10	10	0	10	10	0
Lingala	0	0	0	10	0	10
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	25	0	15
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	80	50	30
Wolof	0	0	0	10	0	10
Yoruba	0	0	0	15	0	15
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	20	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	40	10	35	1,920	740	1,180
American Sign Language	25	0	25	1,145	340	810
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	135	15	115
Sign languages, n.i.e	15	10	10	640	390	255
Sino-Tibetan languages	940	550	380	122,880	65,030	57,850
Chinese languages	920	545	375	122,610	64,880	57,730
Cantonese	310	220	90	58,815	30,485	28,340
Hakka	0	0	0	70	25	45
Mandarin	555	300	255	60,090	32,430	27,665
Min Dong	0	0	0	25	15	10
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	565	335	225
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	105	65	45
Chinese, n.o.s.	50	25	25	2,930	1,530	1,405
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	20	10	0	270	155	115
Burmese	0	0	0	75	35	35
Karenic languages	15	10	0	135	75	55
Tibetan	0	0	0	50	30	20
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	10
Tai-Kadai languages	25	10	20	675	270	405
Lao	0	0	0	150	70	80
Thai	15	10	15	525	205	325
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	750	475	275
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	30	20	0
Turkish	0	0	0	685	435	255
Uyghur	0	0	0	15	15	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	15	10	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	25	20	10	595	270	325
Estonian	0	0	0	50	15	40
Finnish	10	0	10	105	40	65
Hungarian	15	15	0	435	225	215
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	80	45	35
Multiple responses	5,730	2,500	3,230	590,270	300,115	290,155
English and French	2,065	705	1,360	412,680	211,095	201,585
English and non-official language	3,575	1,770	1,805	154,285	77,870	76,420
French and non-official language	0	0	0	7,830	3,595	4,235
English, French and non-official language	90	25	65	15,475	7,565	7,915
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 179	781,795	400,350	381,445	19,956,250	10,342,970	9,613,290
None	755,750	388,630	367,125	17,456,725	9,056,235	8,400,490
English	3,895	1,395	2,495	1,259,225	661,460	597,765
French	9,285	3,665	5,620	705,780	349,035	356,745
Non-official language	12,370	6,440	5,930	496,565	257,455	239,105
Aboriginal	80	20	65	37,615	17,215	20,400
Non-Aboriginal	12,290	6,420	5,870	458,945	240,245	218,710
English and French	0	10	10	2,535	1,200	1,335
English and non-official language	35	20	15	18,040	8,765	9,280
French and non-official language	455	200	260	17,265	8,730	8,540
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	115	90	30
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 180	1,371,970	669,520	702,450	34,091,785	16,783,745	17,308,035
Non-movers	1,210,485	590,305	620,180	29,644,795	14,593,190	15,051,605
Movers	161,485	79,215	82,270	4,446,990	2,190,555	2,256,435
Non-migrants	91,475	44,540	46,930	2,623,515	1,292,750	1,330,760
Migrants	70,010	34,670	35,335	1,823,475	897,805	925,670
Internal migrants	61,070	30,050	31,020	1,451,005	713,060	737,945
Intraprovincial migrants	56,505	27,685	28,820	1,189,525	580,895	608,630
Interprovincial migrants	4,565	2,365	2,200	261,475	132,160	129,315
External migrants	8,945	4,625	4,315	372,475	184,745	187,730
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 181	1,314,620	640,395	674,230	32,568,560	16,004,315	16,564,245
Non-movers	852,445	415,645	436,805	20,134,760	9,902,645	10,232,115
Movers	462,180	224,750	237,425	12,433,805	6,101,675	6,332,130
Non-migrants	255,370	123,890	131,485	6,755,630	3,314,730	3,440,905
Migrants	206,800	100,860	105,940	5,678,175	2,786,945	2,891,230
Internal migrants	176,775	85,945	90,840	4,296,720	2,104,325	2,192,395
Intraprovincial migrants	164,305	79,830	84,475	3,467,670	1,689,950	1,777,720
Interprovincial migrants	12,475	6,110	6,365	829,045	414,375	414,670
External migrants	30,030	14,915	15,105	1,381,460	682,625	698,835