Census Profile, 2016 Census
Northeast [Economic region], Ontario and Quebec [Province]

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Northeast Ontario [Economic region]			Quebec [Province]
	Data quality , Northeast [Economic region], Ontario Map : Northeast [Economic region], Ontario Change geography 1			Data quality : Quebec [Province] Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	548,449	...	...	8,164,361	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	551,144	...	...	7,903,001	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	-0.5	...	...	3.3	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	288,783	...	...	3,858,943	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	238,530	...	...	3,531,663	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	2.0	...	...	6.0	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	276,367.96	...	...	1,356,625.27	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	548,450	269,940	278,510	8,164,360	4,016,760	4,147,605
0 to 14 years	82,355	42,100	40,250	1,333,260	682,535	650,720
0 to 4 years	26,705	13,720	12,985	444,930	227,965	216,970
5 to 9 years	28,145	14,375	13,765	469,165	240,225	228,940
10 to 14 years	27,505	14,010	13,495	419,160	214,345	204,815
15 to 64 years	352,495	175,035	177,460	5,335,910	2,664,630	2,671,280
15 to 19 years	30,070	15,560	14,510	429,825	219,070	210,755
20 to 24 years	31,410	16,125	15,285	500,100	252,600	247,500
25 to 29 years	30,510	15,400	15,115	495,410	248,030	247,380
30 to 34 years	30,095	14,805	15,290	515,505	256,440	259,070
35 to 39 years	29,835	14,555	15,280	550,540	274,595	275,945
40 to 44 years	31,230	15,445	15,785	506,525	254,100	252,425
45 to 49 years	34,635	17,085	17,550	519,425	260,410	259,015
50 to 54 years	45,190	22,085	23,105	619,435	309,070	310,370
55 to 59 years	47,290	23,240	24,050	636,475	314,190	322,285
60 to 64 years	42,230	20,735	21,490	562,670	276,140	286,535
65 years and over	113,600	52,795	60,805	1,495,195	669,590	825,605
65 to 69 years	37,455	18,670	18,785	488,175	236,395	251,775
70 to 74 years	27,340	13,305	14,035	373,590	176,905	196,690
75 to 79 years	20,485	9,545	10,935	256,905	116,020	140,890
80 to 84 years	14,815	6,505	8,315	187,835	78,390	109,450
85 years and over	13,500	4,770	8,730	188,685	61,885	126,805
85 to 89 years	8,845	3,465	5,385	120,635	43,795	76,840
90 to 94 years	3,690	1,105	2,590	53,165	15,155	38,015
95 to 99 years	865	185	680	13,035	2,685	10,350
100 years and over	100	20	85	1,850	255	1,600
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	15.0	15.6	14.5	16.3	17.0	15.7
15 to 64 years	64.3	64.8	63.7	65.4	66.3	64.4
65 years and over	20.7	19.6	21.8	18.3	16.7	19.9
85 years and over	2.5	1.8	3.1	2.3	1.5	3.1
Average age of the population	43.8	42.9	44.6	41.9	40.9	42.9
Median age of the population	46.3	45.3	47.2	42.5	41.4	43.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	238,530	...	...	3,531,660	...	...
Single-detached house	164,260	...	...	1,602,680	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	9,950	...	...	187,800	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	62,270	...	...	1,717,680	...	...
Semi-detached house	11,420	...	...	188,245	...	...
Row house	8,185	...	...	93,350	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	10,395	...	...	265,195	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	31,485	...	...	1,154,955	...	...
Other single-attached house	785	...	...	15,940	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	2,050	...	...	23,505	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	238,530	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
1 person	71,315	...	...	1,175,230	...	...
2 persons	93,175	...	...	1,227,765	...	...
3 persons	33,785	...	...	489,460	...	...
4 persons	27,445	...	...	426,250	...	...
5 or more persons	12,810	...	...	212,960	...	...
Number of persons in private households	538,350	...	...	7,965,455	...	...
Average household size	2.3	...	...	2.3	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	466,095	227,830	238,260	6,831,105	3,334,220	3,496,885
Married or living common law	275,265	137,635	137,625	3,844,145	1,924,750	1,919,395
Married	217,320	108,755	108,565	2,342,980	1,172,720	1,170,260
Living common law	57,940	28,880	29,065	1,501,160	752,025	749,135
Not married and not living common law	190,830	90,195	100,635	2,986,960	1,409,475	1,577,490
Never married	112,720	62,535	50,185	2,010,580	1,084,300	926,280
Separated	16,115	7,525	8,595	103,625	46,390	57,240
Divorced	27,575	12,600	14,975	483,195	194,430	288,760
Widowed	34,420	7,530	26,890	389,555	84,345	305,210
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	162,505	...	...	2,257,560	...	...
2 persons	95,055	...	...	1,204,955	...	...
3 persons	32,270	...	...	466,310	...	...
4 persons	25,555	...	...	412,160	...	...
5 or more persons	9,630	...	...	174,140	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	162,510	...	...	2,257,560	...	...
Total couple families	135,440	...	...	1,878,095	...	...
Married couples	106,475	...	...	1,128,355	...	...
Common-law couples	28,965	...	...	749,740	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	27,065	...	...	379,460	...	...
Female parent	20,695	...	...	284,900	...	...
Male parent	6,370	...	...	94,565	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	135,440	...	...	1,878,095	...	...
Couples without children	77,905	...	...	970,260	...	...
Couples with children	57,535	...	...	907,840	...	...
1 child	24,970	...	...	356,640	...	...
2 children	23,565	...	...	384,875	...	...
3 or more children	9,000	...	...	166,315	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	27,070	...	...	379,465	...	...
1 child	17,145	...	...	234,695	...	...
2 children	7,295	...	...	109,670	...	...
3 or more children	2,625	...	...	35,100	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	97,840	47,575	50,265	1,579,070	775,765	803,305
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	238,530	...	...	3,531,660	...	...
One-census-family households	156,560	...	...	2,197,340	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	75,520	...	...	947,305	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	81,045	...	...	1,250,040	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	2,940	...	...	29,595	...	...
Non-census-family households	79,030	...	...	1,304,725	...	...
One-person households	71,315	...	...	1,175,230	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	7,710	...	...	129,500	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	542,175	267,475	274,695	8,066,560	3,977,275	4,089,285
English only	367,730	185,835	181,900	372,445	187,595	184,860
French only	7,155	3,260	3,895	4,032,640	1,874,545	2,158,095
English and French	166,125	77,930	88,195	3,586,410	1,884,135	1,702,275
Neither English nor French	1,160	455	705	75,065	31,000	44,060
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	542,170	267,475	274,695	8,066,555	3,977,270	4,089,285
English	426,125	211,985	214,140	964,120	482,985	481,135
French	112,990	54,130	58,855	6,750,945	3,320,380	3,430,560
English and French	1,990	955	1,035	278,710	144,060	134,655
Neither English nor French	1,070	405	665	72,775	29,845	42,930
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	113,980	54,610	59,375	1,103,480	555,015	548,465
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	21.0	20.4	21.6	13.7	14.0	13.4
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	542,175	267,475	274,695	8,066,555	3,977,270	4,089,285
Single responses	532,295	262,805	269,485	7,881,650	3,884,675	3,996,975
Official languages	501,040	247,930	253,110	6,820,815	3,366,970	3,453,845
English	386,630	193,080	193,555	601,155	301,860	299,300
French	114,415	54,850	59,560	6,219,665	3,065,115	3,154,550
Non-official languages	31,255	14,875	16,375	1,060,830	517,700	543,125
Aboriginal languages	4,530	2,085	2,450	45,570	22,530	23,040
Algonquian languages	4,440	2,040	2,400	33,140	16,365	16,770
Blackfoot	0	0	0	5	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	1,795	800	995	31,430	15,575	15,855
Atikamekw	5	0	0	6,150	3,135	3,015
Montagnais (Innu)	0	5	0	8,715	4,155	4,555
Moose Cree	55	30	25	0	5	0
Naskapi	0	0	5	590	285	305
Northern East Cree	20	5	10	135	55	80
Plains Cree	5	0	5	5	0	5
Southern East Cree	5	0	0	35	15	15
Swampy Cree	225	85	140	5	5	0
Woods Cree	0	5	5	10	5	5
Cree, n.o.s.	1,480	680	800	15,790	7,920	7,875
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	5	0	485	225	260
Malecite	5	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	485	220	260
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	2,635	1,225	1,405	1,215	565	645
Algonquin	20	15	10	1,185	555	630
Ojibway	2,465	1,155	1,310	20	10	15
Oji-Cree	30	5	20	5	0	5
Ottawa (Odawa)	120	55	65	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	10	10	5	5	0	5
Athabaskan languages	10	5	0	15	10	5
Northern Athabaskan languages	5	5	0	15	10	5
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	5	5	5	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	5	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	10	5	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	5	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	5	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	5	0	0
Haida	5	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	15	5	5	11,970	5,955	6,015
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	5	5	5	11,895	5,925	5,970
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	75	25	45
Iroquoian languages	5	0	0	375	165	210
Cayuga	0	5	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	365	160	210
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	5
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	5	0	0	5	5	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	5	0
Siouan languages	5	0	5	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	5	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	55	30	25	65	30	35
Non-Aboriginal languages	26,720	12,790	13,930	1,015,260	495,175	520,090
Afro-Asiatic languages	860	550	310	197,535	104,185	93,355
Berber languages	25	10	15	20,845	11,125	9,720
Kabyle	15	10	10	12,470	6,625	5,840
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	8,375	4,500	3,875
Cushitic languages	15	5	5	1,125	545	580
Bilen	0	0	0	10	10	5
Oromo	0	0	0	15	10	5
Somali	5	5	0	1,075	515	560
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	30	20	10
Semitic languages	820	530	295	175,215	92,310	82,900
Amharic	10	10	0	745	340	405
Arabic	745	485	260	169,890	89,590	80,300
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	10	0	5	150	80	70
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	15	10	5
Harari	0	0	0	0	5	5
Hebrew	10	10	0	3,885	2,040	1,845
Maltese	25	15	10	25	10	15
Tigrigna	15	10	5	385	185	205
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	110	60	50
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	355	200	155
Austro-Asiatic languages	225	105	125	36,305	17,030	19,275
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	5	5	8,855	4,105	4,750
Vietnamese	215	100	120	27,425	12,920	14,505
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	25	10	15
Austronesian languages	585	160	430	21,635	7,800	13,835
Bikol	0	0	0	115	35	80
Cebuano	35	10	25	885	270	610
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	15	0	10	410	125	275
Ilocano	35	15	20	2,060	745	1,315
Malagasy	0	0	0	1,250	590	660
Malay	25	10	15	705	265	440
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	205	90	110
Pangasinan	0	0	0	95	40	50
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	480	120	360	15,545	5,480	10,065
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	50	10	40
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	320	140	180
Creole languages	25	15	10	56,990	25,220	31,770
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	2,220	1,055	1,170
Creole, n.o.s.	20	5	10	53,785	23,675	30,110
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	980	490	490
Dravidian languages	270	140	130	14,865	7,435	7,430
Kannada	15	10	5	240	130	110
Malayalam	80	35	45	440	235	205
Tamil	90	50	40	13,600	6,715	6,880
Telugu	90	45	40	570	345	230
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	15	10	5
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	25	10	15
Indo-European languages	19,460	9,370	10,090	553,045	269,625	283,420
Albanian	5	5	5	2,795	1,420	1,370
Armenian	15	10	10	16,430	7,970	8,460
Balto-Slavic languages	3,940	1,780	2,165	68,155	30,960	37,195
Baltic languages	200	100	100	850	335	515
Latvian	90	45	50	290	120	175
Lithuanian	110	60	50	555	215	340
Slavic languages	3,740	1,680	2,065	67,310	30,630	36,675
Belarusan	5	5	5	80	45	35
Bosnian	10	5	5	1,620	805	815
Bulgarian	35	20	15	6,985	3,385	3,600
Croatian	535	255	285	2,330	1,165	1,170
Czech	180	105	80	1,465	690	775
Macedonian	25	15	10	205	105	95
Polish	1,360	570	790	13,935	6,065	7,865
Russian	280	115	165	28,565	12,715	15,850
Serbian	125	70	55	3,140	1,590	1,545
Serbo-Croatian	15	5	10	1,805	865	940
Slovak	125	65	60	1,040	455	585
Slovene (Slovenian)	145	65	80	755	350	405
Ukrainian	880	375	505	5,210	2,285	2,920
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	175	90	85
Celtic languages	35	10	20	155	95	60
Scottish Gaelic	20	5	15	20	15	10
Welsh	10	5	5	40	20	20
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	90	55	30
Germanic languages	5,110	2,445	2,670	27,540	13,280	14,260
Afrikaans	75	45	35	125	60	65
Danish	110	60	50	395	190	200
Dutch	875	440	435	2,825	1,395	1,430
Frisian	20	10	5	10	10	0
German	3,860	1,815	2,045	13,670	6,340	7,330
Icelandic	0	0	0	65	30	35
Norwegian	35	10	20	200	100	100
Swedish	80	35	50	555	255	300
Vlaams (Flemish)	40	20	20	540	240	300
Yiddish	5	0	5	8,985	4,560	4,420
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	175	100	75
Greek	285	155	130	38,635	19,435	19,205
Indo-Iranian languages	1,550	820	725	76,040	39,205	36,835
Indo-Aryan languages	1,380	735	650	45,845	23,875	21,970
Bengali	90	55	40	10,995	5,620	5,380
Gujarati	385	210	175	6,070	2,980	3,090
Hindi	265	140	125	3,030	1,635	1,390
Kashmiri	0	0	0	20	15	5
Konkani	0	0	5	110	60	55
Marathi	10	10	5	255	145	110
Nepali	85	40	45	1,505	740	765
Oriya (Odia)	5	5	0	35	20	15
Punjabi (Panjabi)	235	120	115	12,380	6,720	5,660
Sindhi	15	5	10	330	160	165
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	35	20	15	645	310	330
Urdu	255	135	120	10,470	5,460	5,010
Iranian languages	165	85	80	29,760	15,105	14,655
Kurdish	10	10	5	985	550	430
Pashto	20	10	10	1,285	680	610
Persian (Farsi)	135	65	65	27,490	13,875	13,615
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	440	225	210
Italic (Romance) languages	8,520	4,140	4,375	323,290	157,260	166,030
Catalan	0	0	0	320	170	150
Italian	6,830	3,335	3,495	104,600	51,705	52,895
Portuguese	665	340	325	36,770	17,735	19,035
Romanian	130	65	65	35,840	17,170	18,665
Spanish	880	395	480	145,635	70,405	75,235
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	20	5	10	125	75	50
Japanese	80	25	55	2,525	775	1,750
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	170	80	85
Georgian	0	0	0	170	80	90
Korean	185	95	90	5,160	2,270	2,890
Mongolic languages	0	0	5	190	75	115
Mongolian	0	0	0	195	80	115
Niger-Congo languages	320	175	145	28,355	14,360	13,995
Akan (Twi)	35	15	15	1,050	520	525
Bamanankan	0	0	5	1,200	655	545
Edo	0	0	0	75	45	30
Ewe	5	0	0	730	400	325
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	10	5	5	2,055	1,080	970
Ga	0	0	0	80	40	40
Ganda	0	0	0	35	15	20
Igbo	15	15	5	120	70	50
Lingala	15	5	10	2,465	1,185	1,285
Rundi (Kirundi)	15	10	5	3,345	1,600	1,745
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	25	10	10	2,500	1,115	1,380
Shona	25	15	10	85	45	40
Swahili	35	20	15	3,010	1,460	1,545
Wolof	10	5	0	3,230	1,745	1,485
Yoruba	35	20	15	255	155	100
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	85	50	35	8,135	4,235	3,895
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	0	0	345	180	165
Dinka	0	0	0	5	5	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	335	170	165
Sign languages	120	60	65	1,330	700	630
American Sign Language	40	15	25	65	35	30
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	670	330	340
Sign languages, n.i.e	75	40	35	595	340	255
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,445	690	750	76,840	35,775	41,065
Chinese languages	1,435	685	745	76,490	35,600	40,895
Cantonese	585	280	305	24,375	11,505	12,875
Hakka	5	5	0	470	215	260
Mandarin	660	310	350	43,700	20,175	23,525
Min Dong	0	5	5	20	10	15
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	5	10	3,225	1,480	1,745
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	5	0	1,075	465	605
Chinese, n.o.s.	165	80	80	3,535	1,710	1,825
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	90	40	45
Tibeto-Burman languages	10	5	5	345	175	170
Burmese	5	0	0	80	30	50
Karenic languages	10	5	5	70	40	30
Tibetan	0	0	0	110	65	50
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	85	45	40
Tai-Kadai languages	50	10	35	4,895	2,185	2,710
Lao	5	0	5	4,115	1,995	2,120
Thai	40	10	30	765	180	585
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	10	5	10
Turkic languages	45	30	15	7,980	4,095	3,880
Azerbaijani	5	0	0	290	160	130
Turkish	30	25	10	7,155	3,685	3,470
Uyghur	5	5	0	205	100	105
Uzbek	5	0	0	145	70	75
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	185	80	105
Uralic languages	3,015	1,365	1,650	6,400	2,985	3,410
Estonian	170	80	90	195	75	120
Finnish	2,455	1,085	1,375	360	125	240
Hungarian	385	205	185	5,835	2,790	3,045
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	5
Other languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	685	385	300
Multiple responses	9,880	4,665	5,210	184,905	92,600	92,310
English and French	7,125	3,360	3,765	72,395	36,695	35,695
English and non-official language	2,455	1,170	1,280	27,485	13,545	13,945
French and non-official language	180	85	95	67,075	33,110	33,970
English, French and non-official language	115	50	70	17,950	9,245	8,705
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	542,175	267,475	274,695	8,066,560	3,977,270	4,089,285
Single responses	530,685	262,165	268,520	7,743,740	3,819,315	3,924,425
Official languages	520,715	257,495	263,220	7,157,850	3,536,165	3,621,685
English	454,750	226,385	228,365	782,185	391,125	391,060
French	65,970	31,105	34,860	6,375,665	3,145,040	3,230,625
Non-official languages	9,970	4,670	5,300	585,890	283,150	302,735
Aboriginal languages	1,585	775	810	40,190	20,205	19,980
Algonquian languages	1,545	760	785	28,695	14,385	14,310
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	680	320	365	28,110	14,105	14,005
Atikamekw	0	0	0	5,465	2,825	2,640
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	7,375	3,590	3,790
Moose Cree	5	5	0	5	5	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	590	295	290
Northern East Cree	5	5	5	60	30	30
Plains Cree	0	5	0	5	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	15	5	10
Swampy Cree	75	35	40	5	5	5
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	5	0
Cree, n.o.s.	590	270	320	14,590	7,355	7,235
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	220	115	110
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	220	110	105
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	865	440	420	370	170	200
Algonquin	0	0	0	360	165	195
Ojibway	785	400	385	5	5	0
Oji-Cree	5	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	65	35	30	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	5	0	0	0	5
Northern Athabaskan languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	5	11,375	5,770	5,615
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	5	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	11,350	5,750	5,600
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	20	15	10
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	70	35	35
Cayuga	0	5	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	70	35	30
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	5	5	5
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	30	15	20	35	10	25
Non-Aboriginal languages	8,390	3,900	4,490	545,695	262,940	282,755
Afro-Asiatic languages	435	270	160	91,660	46,550	45,110
Berber languages	20	10	10	7,495	3,895	3,605
Kabyle	15	5	10	5,105	2,660	2,450
Berber languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	2,390	1,235	1,150
Cushitic languages	5	0	5	535	240	295
Bilen	0	0	0	5	0	5
Oromo	0	0	0	5	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	520	230	290
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	5	5	5
Semitic languages	410	260	150	83,520	42,365	41,160
Amharic	5	0	5	340	150	185
Arabic	385	245	140	81,105	41,150	39,955
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	5	0	5	95	50	45
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	10	0	5
Harari	0	0	0	5	0	5
Hebrew	5	0	5	1,705	880	825
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	5	10	5	205	95	105
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	60	25	35
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	105	50	55
Austro-Asiatic languages	160	80	75	24,980	11,675	13,305
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	5,180	2,370	2,805
Vietnamese	160	85	75	19,790	9,295	10,495
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	15	5	10
Austronesian languages	190	70	120	9,715	3,960	5,750
Bikol	0	0	0	15	5	10
Cebuano	0	0	0	230	100	125
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	5	0	0	130	55	75
Ilocano	5	5	5	740	305	435
Malagasy	0	0	0	360	185	170
Malay	0	0	0	175	85	95
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	60	30	30
Pangasinan	0	0	0	10	5	10
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	180	70	110	7,905	3,150	4,760
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	15	10	10
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	75	35	35
Creole languages	10	5	5	20,705	8,780	11,925
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	855	380	475
Creole, n.o.s.	10	0	5	19,405	8,200	11,210
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	440	200	240
Dravidian languages	130	55	75	11,400	5,595	5,805
Kannada	0	0	5	150	85	65
Malayalam	40	10	25	200	100	100
Tamil	45	20	25	10,720	5,215	5,500
Telugu	45	20	25	330	190	135
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	15	5	5
Indo-European languages	5,610	2,550	3,060	303,215	146,100	157,115
Albanian	0	0	0	1,615	795	820
Armenian	5	5	5	11,990	5,680	6,310
Balto-Slavic languages	850	365	485	40,405	19,085	21,325
Baltic languages	25	5	15	190	80	105
Latvian	10	5	5	75	40	40
Lithuanian	15	5	10	115	40	70
Slavic languages	830	360	470	40,220	19,000	21,220
Belarusan	0	0	0	25	15	15
Bosnian	0	5	0	965	475	495
Bulgarian	15	5	5	5,125	2,495	2,630
Croatian	125	55	75	1,015	475	545
Czech	40	20	20	460	220	240
Macedonian	5	5	0	130	65	65
Polish	335	150	185	5,970	2,695	3,270
Russian	125	60	65	20,680	9,775	10,900
Serbian	20	10	10	2,010	1,020	990
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	5	960	470	490
Slovak	15	5	10	245	120	130
Slovene (Slovenian)	25	10	10	225	95	135
Ukrainian	125	50	80	2,365	1,060	1,300
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	15	25
Celtic languages	5	0	5	30	20	10
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	5	5	0
Welsh	0	0	0	10	10	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	15	15	5
Germanic languages	1,310	645	665	9,890	4,980	4,905
Afrikaans	35	20	20	15	10	10
Danish	5	0	5	50	25	25
Dutch	65	30	35	375	170	205
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	1,195	590	600	2,550	1,190	1,365
Icelandic	0	0	0	30	15	20
Norwegian	0	0	0	20	5	10
Swedish	15	10	5	105	50	60
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	70	35	40
Yiddish	0	0	0	6,665	3,485	3,180
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5
Greek	105	50	50	18,545	8,865	9,680
Indo-Iranian languages	850	445	410	53,555	26,845	26,710
Indo-Aryan languages	760	400	365	31,575	15,985	15,585
Bengali	40	25	15	8,180	4,055	4,125
Gujarati	245	130	110	3,840	1,860	1,985
Hindi	145	70	75	1,535	790	745
Kashmiri	0	0	0	5	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	30	15	15
Marathi	10	5	5	80	40	40
Nepali	50	25	25	1,355	655	700
Oriya (Odia)	5	0	0	15	10	5
Punjabi (Panjabi)	145	75	75	8,840	4,690	4,155
Sindhi	0	0	0	135	65	75
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	5	5	365	185	180
Urdu	120	65	55	7,180	3,620	3,565
Iranian languages	85	40	35	21,745	10,740	11,010
Kurdish	5	5	0	510	280	235
Pashto	5	5	0	925	460	465
Persian (Farsi)	65	35	35	20,310	10,005	10,305
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	235	120	120
Italic (Romance) languages	2,480	1,035	1,445	167,190	79,835	87,355
Catalan	0	0	0	110	50	60
Italian	1,890	750	1,140	32,935	14,595	18,340
Portuguese	215	105	110	17,260	8,250	9,005
Romanian	35	15	15	24,520	12,000	12,525
Spanish	335	165	175	92,330	44,920	47,415
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	35	20	15
Japanese	15	5	10	1,050	425	620
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	70	35	35
Georgian	0	0	0	70	40	35
Korean	115	60	55	3,540	1,630	1,910
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	145	70	75
Mongolian	0	0	0	145	70	75
Niger-Congo languages	60	25	35	7,250	3,450	3,800
Akan (Twi)	5	0	0	445	215	235
Bamanankan	0	0	0	265	135	125
Edo	0	0	0	10	5	5
Ewe	5	0	0	140	60	80
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	530	255	280
Ga	0	0	0	15	5	10
Ganda	0	0	0	5	5	5
Igbo	0	0	0	15	10	10
Lingala	5	0	0	625	270	355
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	5	1,110	510	600
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	15	5	10	530	225	305
Shona	5	0	0	20	10	10
Swahili	5	0	0	1,100	535	565
Wolof	5	0	0	1,035	555	480
Yoruba	10	5	5	55	25	25
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	15	5	5	1,350	635	710
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	5	5	135	70	65
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	130	65	65
Sign languages	180	95	85	1,770	1,000	775
American Sign Language	45	20	25	90	35	50
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	5	700	360	340
Sign languages, n.i.e	130	70	55	985	600	385
Sino-Tibetan languages	825	420	400	60,370	28,925	31,450
Chinese languages	815	420	395	60,155	28,805	31,345
Cantonese	295	150	150	17,845	8,470	9,375
Hakka	0	0	0	155	75	80
Mandarin	420	215	205	37,075	17,870	19,200
Min Dong	0	5	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	1,830	830	1,000
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	5	0	780	355	420
Chinese, n.o.s.	95	50	45	2,435	1,190	1,240
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	20	20
Tibeto-Burman languages	10	0	5	215	115	100
Burmese	5	0	5	35	15	20
Karenic languages	10	0	5	65	40	30
Tibetan	0	0	0	70	45	30
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	20	20
Tai-Kadai languages	25	10	15	2,375	1,145	1,230
Lao	0	0	0	2,150	1,055	1,100
Thai	20	10	15	225	90	135
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	5	0	5	5,120	2,540	2,575
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	100	50	55
Turkish	5	0	0	4,715	2,340	2,370
Uyghur	0	0	0	140	75	70
Uzbek	0	0	0	105	50	55
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	65	30	35
Uralic languages	635	255	380	2,025	895	1,130
Estonian	20	5	15	30	10	20
Finnish	510	200	310	50	20	30
Hungarian	105	45	55	1,945	860	1,085
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	150	90	60
Multiple responses	11,485	5,310	6,175	322,820	157,960	164,860
English and French	6,715	3,060	3,655	86,715	43,820	42,890
English and non-official language	4,485	2,115	2,370	54,400	26,255	28,140
French and non-official language	115	60	50	139,385	66,610	72,775
English, French and non-official language	165	75	95	42,320	21,270	21,045
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	542,175	267,475	274,695	8,066,555	3,977,275	4,089,285
None	452,085	225,735	226,355	6,825,240	3,356,340	3,468,900
English	35,450	16,615	18,835	513,410	263,670	249,735
French	41,615	19,105	22,510	320,370	158,340	162,030
Non-official language	12,465	5,770	6,690	317,790	154,450	163,340
Aboriginal	3,530	1,615	1,915	5,700	2,645	3,060
Non-Aboriginal	8,935	4,155	4,785	312,085	151,810	160,280
English and French	70	35	40	36,235	18,285	17,955
English and non-official language	160	80	85	28,630	14,075	14,555
French and non-official language	310	135	180	23,470	11,365	12,095
English, French and non-official language	10	5	5	1,420	740	680
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	456,170	223,745	232,420	6,634,295	3,260,155	3,374,145
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	440,775	216,870	223,905	6,417,615	3,160,595	3,257,020
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	33,649	41,652	26,956	32,975	37,842	28,522
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	440,985	216,880	224,105	6,419,175	3,160,780	3,258,400
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	30,758	37,385	25,084	29,535	33,110	26,119
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	384,900	193,560	191,340	5,685,690	2,866,470	2,819,220
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	31,098	39,740	24,043	30,067	35,597	25,012
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	329,580	151,165	178,415	4,973,245	2,300,800	2,672,445
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	8,354	8,597	7,969	7,307	5,851	8,246
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	309,860	163,975	145,880	4,627,795	2,408,420	2,219,370
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	31,722	38,633	26,898	31,263	35,627	27,219
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	456,165	223,750	232,420	6,634,280	3,260,040	3,374,245
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	440,470	216,595	223,875	6,417,010	3,159,415	3,257,595
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	43,701	52,418	35,267	42,546	49,087	36,203
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	440,675	216,600	224,080	6,418,440	3,159,550	3,258,890
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	36,845	43,208	30,694	34,887	39,292	30,616
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	384,595	193,490	191,100	5,685,905	2,866,415	2,819,485
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	42,133	51,322	32,830	40,505	47,810	33,079
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	329,995	151,265	178,730	4,972,650	2,299,595	2,673,050
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	9,227	9,409	9,073	8,590	7,846	9,229
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	309,855	163,495	146,355	4,627,775	2,408,655	2,219,120
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	41,881	49,034	33,890	40,382	45,974	34,313
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	456,165	223,750	232,415	6,634,280	3,260,040	3,374,240
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	136,885	75,645	61,235	2,036,965	1,114,940	922,025
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	54,558	63,143	46,410	47,111	51,622	42,433
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	62,401	70,674	52,181	56,564	62,750	49,085
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	84.2	87.5	79.4	84.4	88.3	79.1
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	67.3	70.4	62.8	68.4	71.4	64.6
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	15.8	12.5	20.6	15.6	11.7	20.9
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	456,165	223,750	232,420	6,634,295	3,260,155	3,374,140
Without total income	15,395	6,880	8,510	216,685	99,555	117,125
With total income	440,775	216,870	223,910	6,417,615	3,160,595	3,257,020
Percentage with total income	96.6	96.9	96.3	96.7	96.9	96.5
Under $10,000 (including loss)	57,315	22,825	34,485	789,595	351,935	437,660
$10,000 to $19,999	79,215	30,210	49,000	1,188,135	476,630	711,500
$20,000 to $29,999	64,075	26,100	37,975	976,210	428,390	547,830
$30,000 to $39,999	53,085	25,180	27,910	852,735	414,105	438,625
$40,000 to $49,999	45,565	22,980	22,585	747,995	378,215	369,780
$50,000 to $59,999	35,180	18,980	16,200	540,265	292,110	248,150
$60,000 to $69,999	26,215	15,630	10,585	375,935	214,805	161,130
$70,000 to $79,999	19,415	12,190	7,225	286,025	164,240	121,790
$80,000 to $89,999	15,160	9,750	5,410	189,350	113,715	75,635
$90,000 to $99,999	13,600	8,345	5,250	122,750	80,090	42,660
$100,000 and over	31,960	24,675	7,285	348,620	246,360	102,255
$100,000 to $149,999	24,480	18,760	5,715	236,515	164,145	72,370
$150,000 and over	7,485	5,915	1,565	112,105	82,215	29,885
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	456,170	223,750	232,420	6,634,295	3,260,150	3,374,140
Without after-tax income	15,180	6,865	8,315	215,120	99,375	115,750
With after-tax income	440,985	216,880	224,105	6,419,175	3,160,780	3,258,395
Percentage with after-tax income	96.7	96.9	96.4	96.8	97.0	96.6
Under $10,000 (including loss)	59,440	23,230	36,210	822,725	359,045	463,675
$10,000 to $19,999	82,435	31,550	50,880	1,246,480	505,165	741,315
$20,000 to $29,999	73,720	30,625	43,095	1,192,885	541,080	651,810
$30,000 to $39,999	62,765	31,075	31,685	1,096,510	553,200	543,315
$40,000 to $49,999	51,060	27,035	24,025	793,150	425,040	368,115
$50,000 to $59,999	35,510	21,075	14,435	498,475	283,130	215,345
$60,000 to $69,999	24,870	16,010	8,860	309,415	180,470	128,945
$70,000 to $79,999	20,010	12,740	7,270	167,895	108,500	59,395
$80,000 and over	31,175	23,540	7,635	291,635	205,155	86,485
$80,000 to $89,999	12,310	8,845	3,465	95,010	64,670	30,335
$90,000 to $99,999	6,990	5,425	1,565	55,980	39,080	16,905
$100,000 and over	11,875	9,265	2,605	140,645	101,405	39,240
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	456,170	223,745	232,420	6,634,295	3,260,155	3,374,145
Without employment income	146,310	59,770	86,540	2,006,505	851,730	1,154,775
With employment income	309,855	163,975	145,880	4,627,790	2,408,420	2,219,375
Percentage with employment income	67.9	73.3	62.8	69.8	73.9	65.8
Under $5,000 (including loss)	54,090	30,495	23,595	606,300	311,780	294,520
$5,000 to $9,999	25,030	10,550	14,475	367,030	162,150	204,885
$10,000 to $19,999	38,425	16,370	22,055	681,920	305,995	375,920
$20,000 to $29,999	31,980	13,715	18,260	586,140	269,950	316,195
$30,000 to $39,999	29,625	12,550	17,070	565,425	277,135	288,285
$40,000 to $49,999	27,255	12,570	14,685	476,665	247,105	229,560
$50,000 to $59,999	22,745	12,275	10,470	359,180	203,580	155,600
$60,000 to $69,999	17,305	10,585	6,720	266,650	156,255	110,395
$70,000 to $79,999	14,195	9,070	5,125	224,040	129,890	94,150
$80,000 and over	49,215	35,795	13,420	494,440	344,585	149,855
$80,000 to $89,999	12,190	7,950	4,240	139,830	90,295	49,540
$90,000 to $99,999	11,815	7,275	4,535	93,860	64,160	29,700
$100,000 and over	25,215	20,570	4,640	260,745	190,125	70,620
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	238,530	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	63,938	...	...	59,822	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	57,018	...	...	52,207	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	71,315	...	...	1,175,230	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	30,399	...	...	31,574	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	28,096	...	...	28,469	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	167,215	...	...	2,356,430	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	83,009	...	...	78,645	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	72,955	...	...	67,665	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	238,530	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	80,698	...	...	77,306	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	68,070	...	...	63,404	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	71,260	...	...	1,174,695	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	40,444	...	...	40,042	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	34,623	...	...	33,262	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	167,270	...	...	2,356,970	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	97,847	...	...	95,878	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	82,319	...	...	78,426	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	238,530	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
Under $5,000	2,630	...	...	47,170	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	3,485	...	...	56,315	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	8,625	...	...	119,570	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	11,230	...	...	180,865	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	12,695	...	...	179,690	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	10,440	...	...	154,150	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	11,430	...	...	185,000	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	11,360	...	...	184,435	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	10,860	...	...	179,855	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	10,420	...	...	170,445	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	19,135	...	...	313,600	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	16,860	...	...	273,620	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	14,980	...	...	241,940	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	13,620	...	...	208,620	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	12,065	...	...	176,355	...	...
$100,000 and over	68,695	...	...	860,030	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	23,815	...	...	327,435	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	16,535	...	...	204,105	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	17,595	...	...	192,155	...	...
$200,000 and over	10,760	...	...	136,335	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	238,530	...	...	3,531,660	...	...
Under $5,000	2,805	...	...	50,445	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	3,570	...	...	57,335	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	8,700	...	...	120,860	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	11,630	...	...	190,300	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	14,020	...	...	202,905	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	11,670	...	...	187,365	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	13,015	...	...	231,765	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	12,935	...	...	225,695	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	12,785	...	...	211,990	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	11,900	...	...	202,760	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	22,610	...	...	363,775	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	19,165	...	...	309,825	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	17,340	...	...	256,150	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	14,905	...	...	208,765	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	12,505	...	...	166,295	...	...
$100,000 and over	48,960	...	...	545,440	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	22,335	...	...	269,170	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	12,830	...	...	130,225	...	...
$150,000 and over	13,800	...	...	146,045	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	161,585	...	...	2,261,890	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	83,281	...	...	79,378	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	73,091	...	...	68,152	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	73,955	...	...	930,195	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	75,038	...	...	70,075	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	66,334	...	...	60,224	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	58,270	...	...	911,980	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	116,856	...	...	105,246	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	99,279	...	...	88,844	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	25,340	...	...	364,085	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	47,666	...	...	52,708	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	44,878	...	...	47,805	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	161,670	...	...	2,262,045	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	98,200	...	...	96,863	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	82,503	...	...	79,060	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	73,835	...	...	929,645	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	87,878	...	...	86,304	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	74,064	...	...	70,167	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	58,260	...	...	912,560	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	129,032	...	...	122,835	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	106,702	...	...	99,279	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	25,310	...	...	363,610	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	58,341	...	...	61,753	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	51,848	...	...	53,052	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	87,870	43,050	44,820	1,433,210	711,180	722,030
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	28,608	32,438	25,982	29,195	31,526	27,210
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	26,629	29,629	24,678	26,706	28,214	25,434
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	87,605	42,665	44,935	1,430,625	708,225	722,405
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	38,502	42,754	34,465	37,684	39,840	35,571
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	33,085	35,813	30,495	31,513	32,729	30,321
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	538,350	265,760	272,590	7,965,455	3,941,475	4,023,970
In the bottom half of the distribution	271,930	129,335	142,590	4,577,885	2,216,770	2,361,115
In the bottom decile	55,590	26,790	28,800	747,785	368,385	379,395
In the second decile	57,480	25,110	32,370	898,605	408,705	489,900
In the third decile	53,570	25,275	28,295	997,185	481,975	515,210
In the fourth decile	52,470	25,710	26,760	996,230	490,275	505,960
In the fifth decile	52,820	26,440	26,375	938,080	467,425	470,655
In the top half of the distribution	266,420	136,425	130,000	3,387,565	1,724,710	1,662,855
In the sixth decile	52,175	26,185	25,995	881,640	444,865	436,775
In the seventh decile	54,725	27,850	26,875	806,685	409,470	397,220
In the eighth decile	57,480	29,435	28,040	700,450	357,000	343,455
In the ninth decile	58,760	30,310	28,455	557,160	286,195	270,960
In the top decile	43,280	22,645	20,635	441,630	227,185	214,445
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	523,820	258,455	265,360	7,921,505	3,919,560	4,001,945
0 to 17 years	95,670	49,040	46,625	1,564,410	800,455	763,960
0 to 5 years	30,550	15,705	14,845	532,410	272,790	259,625
18 to 64 years	322,770	159,520	163,255	5,021,875	2,498,900	2,522,980
65 years and over	105,385	49,900	55,485	1,335,220	620,210	715,010
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	78,175	35,635	42,545	1,160,190	542,405	617,785
0 to 17 years	18,115	9,330	8,780	222,955	114,410	108,540
0 to 5 years	6,810	3,470	3,340	75,270	38,595	36,670
18 to 64 years	46,055	21,350	24,710	688,130	334,825	353,305
65 years and over	14,015	4,960	9,055	249,110	93,170	155,930
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	14.9	13.8	16.0	14.6	13.8	15.4
0 to 17 years (%)	18.9	19.0	18.8	14.3	14.3	14.2
0 to 5 years (%)	22.3	22.1	22.5	14.1	14.1	14.1
18 to 64 years (%)	14.3	13.4	15.1	13.7	13.4	14.0
65 years and over (%)	13.3	9.9	16.3	18.7	15.0	21.8
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	34,075	16,780	17,295	731,340	358,085	373,260
0 to 17 years	7,205	3,710	3,495	129,325	66,400	62,925
0 to 5 years	2,955	1,510	1,440	44,375	22,705	21,675
18 to 64 years	25,270	12,450	12,815	514,540	261,485	253,060
65 years and over	1,600	620	985	87,475	30,205	57,270
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	6.5	6.5	6.5	9.2	9.1	9.3
0 to 17 years (%)	7.5	7.6	7.5	8.3	8.3	8.2
0 to 5 years (%)	9.7	9.6	9.7	8.3	8.3	8.3
18 to 64 years (%)	7.8	7.8	7.8	10.2	10.5	10.0
65 years and over (%)	1.5	1.2	1.8	6.6	4.9	8.0
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	538,350	265,760	272,590	7,965,450	3,941,440	4,024,015
Official languages	537,125	265,275	271,850	7,891,110	3,911,220	3,979,890
English	530,045	262,115	267,930	3,930,690	2,058,470	1,872,225
French	172,415	80,900	91,525	7,522,350	3,725,145	3,797,200
Non-official languages	42,540	20,540	22,005	1,610,980	776,265	834,720
Aboriginal languages	7,555	3,480	4,080	50,890	25,190	25,700
Algonquian languages	7,325	3,385	3,945	37,515	18,545	18,965
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	2,635	1,215	1,420	34,415	17,050	17,370
Atikamekw	10	0	0	6,640	3,335	3,305
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	9,850	4,735	5,115
Moose Cree	125	65	55	0	10	0
Naskapi	0	0	10	775	385	385
Northern East Cree	35	10	20	260	130	130
Plains Cree	15	10	10	10	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	35	25	10
Swampy Cree	375	170	205	15	0	10
Woods Cree	10	10	0	10	10	0
Cree, n.o.s.	2,105	965	1,140	17,175	8,600	8,575
Eastern Algonquian languages	10	10	0	885	460	420
Malecite	0	10	0	10	0	0
Mi'kmaq	10	0	0	880	460	425
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	4,725	2,180	2,540	2,340	1,105	1,235
Algonquin	50	30	25	2,240	1,055	1,185
Ojibway	4,485	2,065	2,415	105	50	50
Oji-Cree	65	25	40	10	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	160	85	70	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	35	20	10
Athabaskan languages	20	10	10	20	10	10
Northern Athabaskan languages	15	10	10	20	15	10
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	10	10	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	10	0	10
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	10
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	10	10	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	10	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	40	20	30	12,595	6,270	6,330
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	15	10	10	12,485	6,210	6,270
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	30	0	20	115	60	60
Iroquoian languages	10	10	10	740	360	375
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	10	0	0	690	350	335
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	50	15	35
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	85	40	50	30	15	10
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	10	0	10	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	10
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	10	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	90	40	45	90	40	55
Non-Aboriginal languages	35,005	17,065	17,945	1,560,375	751,215	809,160
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,260	735	525	301,035	157,545	143,490
Berber languages	20	10	15	27,595	14,650	12,945
Kabyle	20	10	10	16,170	8,580	7,590
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	11,580	6,150	5,425
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	1,550	745	805
Bilen	0	0	0	35	20	10
Oromo	0	0	0	45	30	10
Somali	10	0	10	1,460	680	780
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Semitic languages	1,245	725	515	286,625	149,970	136,660
Amharic	10	0	10	1,145	540	600
Arabic	1,115	665	455	267,965	140,280	127,685
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	195	95	95
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	10	10	0	10	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	55	20	30	18,035	9,490	8,540
Maltese	50	35	15	40	10	25
Tigrigna	10	0	10	420	195	225
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	180	85	95
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	810	430	380
Austro-Asiatic languages	315	150	170	46,050	21,955	24,095
Khmer (Cambodian)	15	10	10	11,840	5,620	6,220
Vietnamese	300	145	155	34,580	16,520	18,060
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	25	15
Austronesian languages	715	220	500	31,230	11,820	19,410
Bikol	10	0	10	105	45	60
Cebuano	85	30	60	1,105	360	750
Fijian	10	0	0	15	0	10
Hiligaynon	15	0	10	540	195	350
Ilocano	45	15	30	2,500	890	1,610
Malagasy	0	0	0	1,980	940	1,040
Malay	65	40	25	1,210	525	690
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	195	95	100
Pangasinan	0	0	0	60	20	40
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	625	165	460	26,705	9,785	16,915
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	55	10	45
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	10	540	270	275
Creole languages	95	60	30	115,445	51,970	63,475
Haitian Creole	20	10	10	4,910	2,285	2,620
Creole, n.o.s.	25	15	15	108,315	48,615	59,705
Creole languages, n.i.e.	50	40	15	2,835	1,390	1,445
Dravidian languages	380	200	180	18,710	9,495	9,210
Kannada	15	10	10	415	210	205
Malayalam	50	25	25	510	285	220
Tamil	160	95	60	17,245	8,680	8,565
Telugu	180	80	100	930	540	390
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	35	15	25
Indo-European languages	25,725	12,500	13,225	912,945	435,785	477,155
Albanian	20	10	15	3,375	1,730	1,645
Armenian	10	10	0	20,290	9,790	10,500
Balto-Slavic languages	3,950	1,810	2,140	88,425	41,725	46,700
Baltic languages	210	120	95	1,080	500	585
Latvian	110	60	45	335	150	185
Lithuanian	105	60	45	755	350	410
Slavic languages	3,755	1,700	2,055	87,520	41,315	46,205
Belarusan	0	10	0	365	150	215
Bosnian	20	10	0	1,975	990	985
Bulgarian	35	25	10	7,345	3,595	3,750
Croatian	630	280	350	3,580	1,760	1,820
Czech	260	130	130	2,070	975	1,095
Macedonian	20	20	10	285	140	145
Polish	1,370	580	790	17,760	8,090	9,665
Russian	390	155	240	46,665	22,265	24,400
Serbian	155	90	70	4,050	1,980	2,070
Serbo-Croatian	30	15	10	2,385	1,140	1,245
Slovak	130	85	40	1,520	705	820
Slovene (Slovenian)	125	40	85	970	490	480
Ukrainian	845	380	470	9,015	3,885	5,135
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	35	20	15	150	75	75
Celtic languages	100	60	40	495	305	195
Scottish Gaelic	50	25	25	155	95	65
Welsh	20	10	10	85	45	40
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	35	25	0	265	175	95
Germanic languages	6,070	2,970	3,100	63,370	31,835	31,530
Afrikaans	165	110	55	415	260	150
Danish	120	75	50	835	410	420
Dutch	1,085	520	565	5,060	2,665	2,395
Frisian	10	0	10	15	10	0
German	4,720	2,300	2,415	43,475	21,950	21,530
Icelandic	0	0	0	140	80	60
Norwegian	70	25	45	510	255	255
Swedish	130	55	75	1,580	785	795
Vlaams (Flemish)	25	15	10	760	265	495
Yiddish	20	10	10	12,375	6,225	6,155
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	270	125	140
Greek	465	230	235	51,060	25,520	25,540
Indo-Iranian languages	2,065	1,085	975	93,655	48,040	45,615
Indo-Aryan languages	1,865	980	890	59,570	30,870	28,700
Bengali	140	75	75	12,870	6,610	6,260
Gujarati	450	260	195	7,950	3,860	4,090
Hindi	980	520	460	15,570	8,285	7,280
Kashmiri	0	0	0	45	35	15
Konkani	0	0	0	150	70	75
Marathi	45	25	20	475	240	230
Nepali	95	40	60	1,445	725	720
Oriya (Odia)	10	0	10	55	35	20
Punjabi (Panjabi)	320	175	150	17,860	9,690	8,165
Sindhi	10	0	10	500	240	255
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	35	30	10	1,335	625	710
Urdu	420	205	210	16,545	8,655	7,890
Iranian languages	220	125	95	35,420	17,830	17,585
Kurdish	30	20	10	1,255	665	590
Pashto	30	25	10	1,825	1,005	825
Persian (Farsi)	165	85	80	32,965	16,560	16,405
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	20	10	15	845	425	420
Italic (Romance) languages	13,545	6,585	6,965	627,545	293,620	333,920
Catalan	0	0	0	890	525	365
Italian	9,250	4,495	4,760	173,710	84,430	89,275
Portuguese	910	505	405	55,100	27,620	27,475
Romanian	130	60	75	42,655	20,550	22,110
Spanish	3,585	1,640	1,940	390,355	177,610	212,745
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	50	30	20	490	345	145
Japanese	185	90	95	7,040	3,340	3,695
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	220	110	110
Georgian	0	0	0	215	105	110
Korean	280	145	135	6,260	2,825	3,430
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	270	135	130
Mongolian	0	0	0	265	135	130
Niger-Congo languages	465	285	175	52,840	26,665	26,175
Akan (Twi)	50	35	20	1,800	945	855
Bamanankan	0	0	0	2,385	1,240	1,145
Edo	0	0	0	190	95	95
Ewe	0	0	0	1,410	865	545
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	3,400	1,785	1,620
Ga	0	0	0	315	155	160
Ganda	0	0	0	90	40	55
Igbo	25	15	10	275	190	90
Lingala	70	30	35	9,630	4,430	5,200
Rundi (Kirundi)	25	10	15	4,490	2,210	2,285
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	15	10	10	3,535	1,640	1,895
Shona	35	20	15	150	75	80
Swahili	90	45	50	8,015	4,080	3,935
Wolof	10	10	0	6,555	3,545	3,015
Yoruba	65	50	20	885	485	395
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	165	120	45	17,720	9,125	8,595
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	695	345	350
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	695	345	350
Sign languages	940	395	550	7,775	3,095	4,675
American Sign Language	405	160	245	675	245	435
Quebec Sign Language	35	10	25	4,405	1,590	2,815
Sign languages, n.i.e.	520	230	290	2,960	1,350	1,605
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,680	905	775	90,460	42,695	47,770
Chinese languages	1,680	905	780	90,060	42,480	47,580
Cantonese	780	415	360	31,885	14,900	16,980
Hakka	0	0	0	545	240	310
Mandarin	840	455	380	59,240	27,560	31,685
Min Dong	10	10	0	15	10	10
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	30	15	15	4,215	1,860	2,350
Wu (Shanghainese)	15	10	10	1,230	535	690
Chinese, n.o.s.	170	80	85	4,800	2,380	2,425
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	90	40	55
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	430	235	195
Burmese	0	0	0	140	75	60
Karenic languages	0	10	0	105	55	45
Tibetan	0	0	0	65	50	10
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	140	65	80
Tai-Kadai languages	40	10	30	7,280	3,400	3,880
Lao	10	0	0	5,785	2,850	2,935
Thai	30	10	20	2,255	875	1,375
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	10
Turkic languages	55	40	15	12,475	6,265	6,210
Azerbaijani	15	10	10	510	275	235
Turkish	30	25	10	11,415	5,755	5,665
Uyghur	0	10	0	230	110	120
Uzbek	0	0	0	230	105	125
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	235	115	120
Uralic languages	3,385	1,585	1,800	7,870	3,710	4,160
Estonian	170	90	80	150	55	95
Finnish	2,820	1,265	1,555	500	195	305
Hungarian	395	230	165	7,215	3,450	3,765
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	60	30	35	2,140	1,170	970
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	538,350	265,760	272,595	7,965,450	3,941,440	4,024,015
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	530,975	262,190	268,785	7,585,545	3,753,190	3,832,350
Canadian citizens aged under 18	99,465	51,115	48,355	1,521,230	779,620	741,610
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	431,510	211,080	220,430	6,064,310	2,973,575	3,090,740
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	7,375	3,570	3,810	379,910	188,245	191,665
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	538,355	265,755	272,595	7,965,450	3,941,440	4,024,015
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	507,470	250,805	256,670	6,788,085	3,365,345	3,422,735
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	29,385	14,125	15,260	1,091,310	530,325	560,980
Before 1981	18,755	9,015	9,745	238,655	117,080	121,575
1981 to 1990	2,235	1,155	1,080	127,340	63,150	64,190
1991 to 2000	2,375	1,085	1,285	187,860	89,210	98,650
2001 to 2010	3,765	1,835	1,925	322,280	155,785	166,495
2001 to 2005	1,595	795	810	140,170	67,835	72,335
2006 to 2010	2,165	1,045	1,125	182,115	87,945	94,165
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	2,255	1,040	1,220	215,170	105,105	110,065
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	1,495	830	665	86,065	45,765	40,295
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	29,385	14,130	15,255	1,091,305	530,325	560,980
Under 5 years	4,595	2,315	2,280	112,930	54,600	58,330
5 to 14 years	6,255	3,175	3,080	174,020	87,165	86,855
15 to 24 years	7,865	3,545	4,315	215,350	98,880	116,475
25 to 44 years	9,450	4,555	4,900	515,770	256,095	259,675
45 years and over	1,225	540	680	73,230	33,590	39,640
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	29,385	14,125	15,255	1,091,305	530,330	560,980
Americas	4,580	1,955	2,625	247,505	113,190	134,315
Brazil	50	15	35	7,345	3,515	3,830
Colombia	70	40	30	25,580	11,645	13,935
El Salvador	50	25	20	11,120	5,500	5,615
Guyana	75	30	45	2,490	1,085	1,410
Haiti	45	25	20	80,965	35,375	45,585
Jamaica	300	140	165	4,665	2,040	2,625
Mexico	155	45	110	15,820	7,090	8,730
Peru	50	0	40	13,265	5,945	7,325
Trinidad and Tobago	105	65	45	4,075	1,840	2,240
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	3,130	1,325	1,805	25,955	12,800	13,155
Other places of birth in Americas	550	245	305	56,235	26,370	29,870
Europe	18,850	9,255	9,595	311,090	154,910	156,185
Bosnia and Herzegovina	60	40	25	3,785	1,890	1,895
Croatia	325	150	175	2,140	1,085	1,050
France	290	125	165	81,225	43,490	37,735
Germany	2,445	1,180	1,270	9,750	4,365	5,390
Greece	235	125	110	18,420	9,135	9,285
Hungary	325	195	125	3,325	1,620	1,700
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	240	150	90	820	485	330
Italy	4,525	2,275	2,245	51,025	25,370	25,655
Netherlands	775	450	325	1,990	1,035	955
Poland	735	290	445	10,735	4,675	6,060
Portugal	515	280	240	18,985	9,185	9,800
Romania	155	80	70	28,695	13,695	15,005
Russian Federation	165	55	105	11,355	4,975	6,375
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	115	80	35	1,790	830	960
Ukraine	165	65	95	8,670	3,800	4,870
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	4,975	2,330	2,640	12,905	6,645	6,260
Other places of birth in Europe	2,820	1,385	1,435	45,500	22,630	22,870
Africa	1,150	650	500	241,410	125,250	116,165
Algeria	65	30	30	59,465	31,180	28,280
Egypt	100	65	35	19,490	10,290	9,200
Ethiopia	10	0	10	995	495	495
Kenya	25	10	15	785	355	430
Morocco	25	20	10	60,700	31,435	29,270
Nigeria	125	65	55	1,340	740	600
Somalia	10	0	0	580	270	310
South Africa, Republic of	170	100	65	865	475	385
Other places of birth in Africa	625	345	275	97,200	50,005	47,190
Asia	4,575	2,130	2,445	289,825	136,175	153,655
Afghanistan	50	20	25	7,280	3,640	3,640
Bangladesh	90	45	45	7,940	3,990	3,950
China^{Census data footnote 59}	930	390	540	49,555	19,905	29,655
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	135	70	60	4,730	2,290	2,435
India	1,070	510	560	17,865	9,195	8,670
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	95	50	40	17,760	8,880	8,885
Iraq	25	25	10	3,735	1,960	1,775
Japan	45	10	35	1,725	395	1,330
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	150	70	80	4,230	1,995	2,230
Lebanon	110	70	45	39,135	20,800	18,340
Pakistan	265	125	135	10,010	5,260	4,750
Philippines	635	175	455	24,410	9,040	15,370
Sri Lanka	95	60	30	10,715	5,335	5,380
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	80	40	35	17,775	8,800	8,980
Taiwan	40	25	15	2,735	1,100	1,635
Viet Nam	325	170	160	25,440	11,765	13,675
Other places of birth in Asia	455	260	195	44,795	21,840	22,950
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	235	145	90	1,480	805	670
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	2,260	1,040	1,220	215,170	105,105	110,065
Americas	380	175	210	47,710	22,625	25,085
Brazil	0	0	10	3,010	1,495	1,520
Colombia	0	0	0	7,540	3,465	4,075
Cuba	0	0	0	2,565	1,260	1,315
Haiti	0	0	10	16,880	7,690	9,190
Jamaica	25	20	0	190	140	55
Mexico	25	10	10	4,210	1,955	2,255
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	230	105	125	3,990	2,265	1,720
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	10	10	10	1,955	935	1,020
Other places of birth in Americas	75	35	45	7,365	3,425	3,935
Europe	255	110	145	39,320	20,085	19,235
France	0	0	0	20,030	10,855	9,175
Germany	10	0	10	580	250	330
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	0	0	0	135	105	35
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	0	0	0	3,750	1,695	2,055
Romania	15	10	0	2,945	1,260	1,685
Russian Federation	20	0	20	1,970	865	1,105
Ukraine	30	15	15	2,460	1,110	1,350
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	90	45	40	860	565	290
Other places of birth in Europe	90	45	45	6,590	3,385	3,205
Africa	330	170	160	74,200	37,110	37,090
Algeria	0	0	0	16,380	8,060	8,320
Cameroon	30	15	15	7,550	3,705	3,845
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	45	20	25	3,370	1,655	1,715
Côte d'Ivoire	30	10	15	5,070	2,505	2,565
Egypt	35	30	10	4,360	2,260	2,095
Eritrea	10	0	10	50	30	20
Ethiopia	0	0	0	125	65	60
Morocco	0	10	0	13,475	6,675	6,805
Nigeria	40	20	20	540	280	260
Somalia	0	0	0	95	40	50
South Africa, Republic of	35	20	10	175	115	60
Tunisia	20	10	10	5,855	3,025	2,825
Other places of birth in Africa	85	35	50	17,155	8,690	8,470
Asia	1,215	530	685	53,595	25,070	28,525
Afghanistan	0	0	0	1,555	715	840
Bangladesh	15	0	10	860	455	405
China^{Census data footnote 59}	115	40	70	10,705	4,805	5,895
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	0	0	0	120	35	80
India	410	205	210	2,960	1,555	1,405
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	35	25	0	7,505	3,545	3,960
Iraq	0	10	0	985	465	515
Israel	0	0	0	645	390	255
Japan	25	10	25	330	30	295
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	15	15	0	825	370	455
Lebanon	10	0	0	3,955	2,100	1,860
Nepal	20	10	10	360	165	195
Pakistan	90	40	55	1,815	920	895
Philippines	200	65	135	5,635	2,345	3,290
Saudi Arabia	10	0	0	435	210	225
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	860	380	480
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	65	35	30	7,455	3,740	3,715
Taiwan	0	0	0	170	60	105
Turkey	0	0	0	585	300	285
United Arab Emirates	0	0	10	300	160	145
Viet Nam	95	45	50	1,505	560	945
Other places of birth in Asia	95	30	60	4,025	1,765	2,265
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	75	55	15	345	215	135
Australia	65	55	15	190	120	70
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	10	10	0	155	95	65
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	538,350	265,760	272,590	7,965,450	3,941,440	4,024,015
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	32,380	15,730	16,655	1,204,895	590,175	614,720
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	57,330	28,115	29,220	792,085	399,535	392,550
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	448,635	221,920	226,715	5,968,475	2,951,730	3,016,745
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	10,945	5,280	5,660	867,685	420,465	447,220
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	4,985	2,625	2,365	469,015	243,915	225,100
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	2,160	1,490	670	224,720	137,975	86,745
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	2,825	1,135	1,695	244,300	105,945	138,360
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	4,690	1,900	2,790	241,225	96,130	145,095
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	1,155	690	470	146,295	75,100	71,195
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	110	70	35	11,150	5,320	5,825
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	538,355	265,760	272,590	7,965,450	3,941,440	4,024,010
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	69,515	34,005	35,505	182,885	91,890	90,995
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	67,705	33,150	34,555	175,960	88,635	87,325
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	41,465	19,715	21,750	92,655	45,510	47,145
Métis	25,975	13,295	12,680	69,365	36,260	33,100
Inuk (Inuit)	260	140	120	13,940	6,865	7,075
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	775	355	415	2,760	1,330	1,430
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	1,030	500	535	4,170	1,930	2,245
Non-Aboriginal identity	468,840	231,750	237,090	7,782,560	3,849,550	3,933,015
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	538,350	265,760	272,590	7,965,455	3,941,440	4,024,015
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	35,995	17,205	18,795	77,490	38,580	38,915
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	502,355	248,555	253,800	7,887,960	3,902,860	3,985,100
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	538,350	265,755	272,590	7,965,455	3,941,440	4,024,015
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	24,900	12,245	12,655	118,780	58,535	60,245
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	24,585	12,065	12,520	115,480	56,930	58,550
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	21,300	10,290	11,010	87,700	42,730	44,965
Métis single ancestry	3,195	1,735	1,460	17,585	9,225	8,360
Inuit single ancestry	95	40	55	10,200	4,980	5,220
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	315	180	135	3,300	1,605	1,700
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	230	135	95	2,220	1,115	1,105
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	65	40	25	995	455	540
Métis and Inuit ancestries	25	10	10	65	25	40
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	20	10	15
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	55,685	26,840	28,845	240,650	113,905	126,740
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	53,990	25,995	27,990	235,365	111,205	124,165
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	30,690	14,490	16,200	193,625	90,650	102,975
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	22,955	11,360	11,595	37,080	18,320	18,760
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	340	145	195	4,660	2,230	2,425
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	1,700	845	855	5,280	2,700	2,575
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	1,570	795	775	4,040	2,105	1,940
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	100	45	50	990	475	515
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	20	0	25	225	110	115
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	10	0	10	25	15	10
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	457,765	226,675	231,095	7,606,025	3,769,000	3,837,030
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	538,355	265,760	272,590	7,965,450	3,941,440	4,024,015
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	13,250	6,670	6,580	1,032,365	505,180	527,185
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	2,970	1,540	1,430	90,335	46,750	43,585
Chinese	2,400	1,225	1,170	99,505	44,370	55,135
Black	3,165	1,680	1,490	319,230	154,110	165,120
Filipino	925	320	610	34,910	14,275	20,635
Latin American	715	320	395	133,920	64,655	69,260
Arab	995	570	420	213,740	113,420	100,320
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	570	265	305	62,820	29,960	32,865
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	210	95	115	32,405	16,200	16,210
Korean	330	180	150	8,055	3,865	4,190
Japanese	255	115	140	4,570	1,755	2,820
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	300	150	150	9,840	4,670	5,175
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	420	210	210	23,045	11,160	11,885
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	525,095	259,085	266,010	6,933,085	3,436,260	3,496,830
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	538,350	265,760	272,595	7,965,455	3,941,435	4,024,010
North American Aboriginal origins	80,590	39,085	41,500	359,430	172,440	186,985
First Nations (North American Indian)	53,960	25,790	28,165	289,610	137,550	152,065
Inuit	650	280	370	17,175	8,300	8,880
Métis	28,000	14,040	13,965	61,260	30,915	30,345
Other North American origins	240,375	117,830	122,540	4,850,145	2,390,545	2,459,605
Acadian	845	420	425	34,785	16,440	18,345
American	4,955	2,430	2,525	45,050	21,470	23,580
Canadian	236,030	115,655	120,375	4,647,840	2,288,280	2,359,555
New Brunswicker	25	10	15	750	370	380
Newfoundlander	505	250	250	570	280	295
Nova Scotian	80	30	45	365	155	215
Ontarian	235	135	105	1,345	660	685
Québécois	700	355	345	184,005	93,895	90,110
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	0	0	0	205	110	100
European origins	387,640	190,620	197,015	3,037,890	1,511,060	1,526,825
British Isles origins	233,880	114,075	119,810	745,715	360,135	385,575
Channel Islander	15	10	0	1,440	725	720
Cornish	50	20	35	70	35	40
English	129,260	62,670	66,595	228,520	111,855	116,670
Irish	103,860	49,355	54,505	446,215	211,545	234,665
Manx	100	30	65	200	105	95
Scottish	94,835	46,020	48,815	215,030	103,395	111,635
Welsh	7,540	3,660	3,880	10,765	5,075	5,690
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	9,875	4,780	5,095	32,525	15,440	17,080
French origins	167,220	80,810	86,410	1,878,795	941,770	937,025
Alsatian	10	10	0	1,050	520	525
Breton	25	15	10	11,140	5,410	5,725
Corsican	0	0	0	1,270	690	580
French	167,200	80,795	86,405	1,870,545	937,665	932,875
Western European origins (except French origins)	65,480	32,135	33,345	244,380	119,115	125,260
Austrian	2,125	1,030	1,085	12,710	6,285	6,430
Bavarian	25	10	20	40	30	20
Belgian	1,495	750	745	51,340	25,295	26,050
Dutch	15,155	7,480	7,680	26,000	12,805	13,190
Flemish	65	40	35	1,345	660	685
Frisian	0	0	0	15	20	0
German	48,975	23,875	25,095	142,225	68,250	73,975
Luxembourger	30	20	15	910	445	460
Swiss	2,185	1,035	1,155	24,500	12,615	11,885
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	30	25	10	125	80	50
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	26,280	12,755	13,525	25,460	12,490	12,975
Danish	2,290	1,120	1,170	5,700	2,815	2,885
Finnish	15,860	7,765	8,090	3,130	1,430	1,700
Icelandic	660	260	400	955	480	470
Norwegian	3,670	1,775	1,900	7,820	3,835	3,985
Swedish	5,280	2,490	2,790	6,840	3,275	3,565
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	515	270	245	2,500	1,265	1,230
Eastern European origins	40,220	20,030	20,190	249,940	121,660	128,285
Bulgarian	205	100	105	9,570	4,675	4,895
Byelorussian	125	75	50	2,530	1,235	1,295
Czech	1,025	535	490	6,295	2,965	3,330
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	625	330	300	2,150	1,100	1,050
Estonian	790	460	330	890	460	435
Hungarian	2,800	1,360	1,440	28,280	13,970	14,310
Latvian	450	220	230	1,740	835	905
Lithuanian	845	420	425	6,630	3,320	3,305
Moldovan	10	0	0	7,620	3,710	3,900
Polish	15,635	7,860	7,775	79,040	38,705	40,335
Romanian	1,225	675	550	53,060	25,935	27,125
Russian	2,935	1,290	1,645	55,230	26,405	28,830
Slovak	910	475	435	4,770	2,375	2,395
Ukrainian	18,050	8,855	9,195	42,550	20,575	21,975
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	50	25	25	2,900	1,505	1,400
Southern European origins	51,130	25,360	25,765	549,750	273,670	276,080
Albanian	35	20	15	3,760	1,950	1,805
Bosnian	35	15	15	2,970	1,485	1,490
Catalan	0	0	0	735	395	340
Croatian	2,435	1,230	1,195	6,745	3,375	3,370
Cypriot	20	10	10	480	240	245
Greek	1,645	785	855	71,330	36,235	35,090
Italian	42,075	21,040	21,035	326,700	162,650	164,045
Kosovar	0	0	0	505	295	210
Macedonian	215	130	85	775	400	370
Maltese	470	250	220	1,220	615	610
Montenegrin	30	15	10	450	250	200
Portuguese	1,965	1,040	920	69,805	34,825	34,980
Serbian	375	215	165	5,950	2,915	3,040
Sicilian	70	45	25	1,435	710	725
Slovenian	570	275	295	2,510	1,225	1,280
Spanish	2,105	805	1,300	85,360	41,745	43,615
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	710	350	365	3,270	1,595	1,670
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	30	0	20	300	155	145
Other European origins	1,485	800	675	38,670	19,875	18,800
Basque	25	10	20	3,620	1,930	1,690
Jewish	640	335	300	25,235	12,955	12,280
Roma (Gypsy)	55	25	30	475	270	205
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	20	15	0	360	180	185
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	740	420	320	9,215	4,690	4,530
Caribbean origins	2,280	1,125	1,155	201,625	93,935	107,690
Antiguan	45	20	25	380	170	205
Bahamian	25	15	15	430	205	225
Barbadian	130	50	75	5,570	2,585	2,985
Bermudan	35	15	25	115	50	65
Carib	0	0	0	405	150	255
Cuban	70	30	45	9,830	4,800	5,035
Dominican	90	40	50	11,560	5,320	6,235
Grenadian	25	10	15	1,965	790	1,175
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	1,010	475	535
Haitian	110	65	45	143,165	66,245	76,925
Jamaican	1,190	620	570	14,100	6,785	7,315
Kittitian/Nevisian	0	0	0	360	200	160
Martinican	0	0	0	1,775	820	950
Montserratan	0	0	0	240	140	105
Puerto Rican	70	30	40	530	270	255
St. Lucian	50	30	20	860	450	405
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	240	125	110	6,585	2,925	3,660
Vincentian/Grenadinian	30	20	15	4,020	1,695	2,325
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	170	95	70	5,635	2,610	3,025
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	70	30	45	4,195	1,995	2,205
Latin, Central and South American origins	1,665	785	880	167,275	81,215	86,065
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	75	35	45	6,100	2,885	3,210
Arawak	10	10	10	180	60	120
Argentinian	65	30	35	4,950	2,490	2,460
Belizean	0	0	0	80	40	40
Bolivian	15	10	0	1,730	815	915
Brazilian	75	50	30	8,345	4,075	4,275
Chilean	65	30	35	14,060	7,055	7,005
Colombian	135	75	60	33,965	15,915	18,050
Costa Rican	10	0	10	1,180	570	610
Ecuadorian	50	25	25	2,720	1,255	1,470
Guatemalan	45	25	20	10,175	5,380	4,795
Guyanese	170	75	95	3,670	1,810	1,860
Hispanic	40	15	25	1,155	570	585
Honduran	15	15	0	4,335	2,135	2,200
Maya	30	15	20	1,670	935	735
Mexican	545	235	310	26,930	13,185	13,745
Nicaraguan	10	0	0	2,805	1,360	1,445
Panamanian	0	10	0	1,460	755	710
Paraguayan	0	0	0	365	155	205
Peruvian	170	80	90	19,735	9,240	10,495
Salvadorean	85	50	35	19,200	9,535	9,665
Uruguayan	25	10	15	1,755	815	940
Venezuelan	20	0	20	7,475	3,430	4,045
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	40	10	30	5,845	2,965	2,880
African origins	2,980	1,505	1,485	382,665	196,910	185,755
Central and West African origins	685	395	295	86,695	44,720	41,975
Akan	0	0	0	630	325	310
Angolan	0	0	0	875	425	450
Ashanti	0	0	0	120	90	35
Beninese	0	0	0	4,125	2,220	1,915
Burkinabe	0	0	0	2,465	1,325	1,145
Cameroonian	45	25	25	17,095	8,635	8,465
Chadian	10	10	0	1,045	525	520
Congolese	155	90	70	20,210	9,960	10,250
Edo	0	0	0	110	60	45
Ewe	0	0	0	460	265	200
Gabonese	0	0	0	1,165	545	620
Gambian	0	0	0	150	95	55
Ghanaian	95	70	30	3,235	1,660	1,575
Guinean	0	0	0	5,255	2,765	2,485
Ibo	10	10	0	185	95	95
Ivorian	55	30	20	8,545	4,350	4,200
Liberian	0	0	0	150	60	90
Malian	0	0	0	3,535	1,755	1,775
Malinké	0	0	0	635	340	295
Nigerian	230	115	115	2,820	1,510	1,310
Peulh	0	0	0	2,110	1,080	1,030
Senegalese	0	0	0	8,250	4,420	3,835
Sierra Leonean	10	10	10	110	55	55
Togolese	0	0	0	4,080	2,210	1,870
Wolof	0	0	0	660	390	270
Yoruba	35	20	15	460	225	235
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	40	25	15	6,955	3,690	3,275
North African origins	485	240	250	225,125	117,725	107,410
Algerian	95	50	45	60,375	31,185	29,190
Berber	20	10	10	33,825	17,840	15,985
Coptic	0	0	0	685	385	305
Dinka	0	0	0	15	10	10
Egyptian	145	80	65	29,400	15,295	14,100
Libyan	0	10	10	1,075	590	485
Maure	0	0	0	530	290	240
Moroccan	45	25	20	85,940	44,520	41,420
Sudanese	40	20	20	370	220	150
Tunisian	75	25	50	21,475	11,775	9,695
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	55	25	30	3,340	1,845	1,490
Southern and East African origins	550	285	265	28,925	14,225	14,705
Afrikaner	0	0	0	115	75	40
Amhara	0	0	0	65	30	35
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	0	0	0	1,905	1,040	870
Burundian	30	15	20	6,015	2,945	3,070
Djiboutian	10	10	0	450	205	245
Eritrean	15	0	10	580	290	290
Ethiopian	15	10	10	1,575	785	785
Harari	0	0	0	20	10	10
Kenyan	55	25	30	530	270	260
Malagasy	10	0	0	3,735	1,815	1,920
Mauritian	10	0	0	3,695	1,735	1,960
Oromo	0	0	0	20	15	10
Rwandan	15	10	0	5,130	2,445	2,685
Seychellois	15	10	0	775	345	425
Somali	50	35	15	1,785	865	915
South African	225	105	120	900	490	420
Tanzanian	10	0	10	325	190	140
Tigrian	0	0	0	95	35	55
Ugandan	10	10	0	290	135	160
Zambian	10	0	0	45	20	25
Zimbabwean	50	30	25	300	150	145
Zulu	0	0	0	70	35	35
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	110	70	40	1,790	915	875
Other African origins	1,330	620	710	46,805	22,845	23,965
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	230	85	140	3,800	1,845	1,950
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	1,120	540	580	43,785	21,415	22,370
Asian origins	10,970	5,410	5,560	563,150	275,170	287,980
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	2,455	1,320	1,140	240,795	123,985	116,810
Afghan	65	25	35	10,945	5,550	5,395
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	390	255	140	44,875	23,680	21,195
Armenian	80	45	40	27,380	13,515	13,865
Assyrian	10	0	10	370	205	165
Azerbaijani	15	10	0	555	295	255
Georgian	10	10	0	635	295	345
Hazara	0	0	0	385	190	200
Iranian	245	135	115	25,530	12,845	12,685
Iraqi	30	20	10	5,520	2,780	2,740
Israeli	40	30	10	6,060	3,235	2,830
Jordanian	25	10	25	1,610	840	770
Kazakh	10	10	0	620	295	325
Kurd	40	30	15	2,135	1,180	960
Kuwaiti	0	0	0	95	50	50
Kyrgyz	0	0	0	260	140	120
Lebanese	885	410	470	78,140	40,695	37,450
Palestinian	80	30	50	6,865	3,520	3,345
Pashtun	30	20	10	515	280	235
Saudi Arabian	115	85	35	645	390	255
Syrian	240	140	95	27,465	13,845	13,620
Tajik	20	0	15	390	180	210
Tatar	0	0	0	910	430	485
Turk	170	90	75	15,060	7,520	7,545
Turkmen	0	0	0	65	45	25
Uighur	0	0	0	375	185	190
Uzbek	0	0	0	465	210	255
Yemeni	0	0	10	805	450	355
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	90	50	35	2,465	1,385	1,075
South Asian origins	3,320	1,690	1,625	95,670	48,925	46,745
Bangladeshi	85	50	35	7,075	3,625	3,450
Bengali	45	25	20	4,125	2,035	2,090
Bhutanese	0	0	0	420	205	215
East Indian	2,470	1,275	1,195	51,650	26,505	25,140
Goan	15	10	10	210	105	110
Gujarati	25	15	10	420	205	215
Kashmiri	0	0	0	260	155	105
Nepali	60	15	40	930	460	470
Pakistani	375	185	190	13,535	7,000	6,535
Punjabi	50	15	30	2,970	1,675	1,295
Sinhalese	10	10	0	310	135	175
Sri Lankan	190	115	75	14,750	7,300	7,450
Tamil	15	0	10	3,100	1,610	1,495
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	155	65	90	2,135	1,190	945
East and Southeast Asian origins	5,290	2,450	2,845	229,985	103,805	126,180
Burmese	10	0	0	530	270	255
Cambodian (Khmer)	65	30	30	15,345	7,360	7,985
Chinese	3,055	1,485	1,570	121,445	54,595	66,850
Filipino	1,055	350	705	37,910	15,590	22,320
Hmong	0	0	0	35	10	20
Indonesian	85	40	40	1,320	570	755
Japanese	330	155	175	6,495	2,615	3,875
Karen	0	0	0	95	55	40
Korean	315	170	145	8,740	4,155	4,580
Laotian	20	10	0	7,625	3,860	3,770
Malaysian	35	10	25	645	300	340
Mongolian	20	10	15	960	470	485
Singaporean	0	0	0	105	65	40
Taiwanese	20	10	15	2,205	940	1,265
Thai	35	20	20	2,695	1,065	1,635
Tibetan	0	0	0	80	45	30
Vietnamese	495	260	240	43,080	20,790	22,290
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	0	0	0	275	125	155
Other Asian origins	40	20	15	1,765	905	865
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	40	25	15	1,770	905	860
Oceania origins	520	265	260	3,250	1,730	1,515
Australian	425	210	210	2,055	1,125	935
New Zealander	50	30	25	490	245	245
Pacific Islands origins	55	30	30	785	410	380
Fijian	15	10	10	70	25	40
Hawaiian	15	10	10	60	40	20
Maori	0	10	0	90	55	35
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	10	10	0	290	145	145
Samoan	0	0	0	15	15	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	10	10	10	295	155	145
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	238,530	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
Owner	167,185	...	...	2,163,735	...	...
Renter	70,005	...	...	1,362,010	...	...
Band housing	1,335	...	...	5,915	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	238,530	...	...	3,531,660	...	...
Condominium	5,195	...	...	413,325	...	...
Not condominium	233,335	...	...	3,118,340	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	238,530	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
No bedrooms	650	...	...	23,725	...	...
1 bedroom	26,645	...	...	573,370	...	...
2 bedrooms	58,805	...	...	1,100,310	...	...
3 bedrooms	96,595	...	...	1,157,300	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	55,835	...	...	676,955	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	238,530	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	54,565	...	...	1,258,215	...	...
5 rooms	39,065	...	...	620,935	...	...
6 rooms	40,765	...	...	432,090	...	...
7 rooms	34,855	...	...	403,255	...	...
8 or more rooms	69,280	...	...	817,165	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.3	...	...	5.8	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	238,530	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
One person or fewer per room	237,385	...	...	3,492,135	...	...
More than 1 person per room	1,140	...	...	39,530	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	238,530	...	...	3,531,660	...	...
Suitable	232,905	...	...	3,398,910	...	...
Not suitable	5,620	...	...	132,755	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	238,530	...	...	3,531,660	...	...
1960 or before	78,100	...	...	894,495	...	...
1961 to 1980	86,025	...	...	1,116,760	...	...
1981 to 1990	30,760	...	...	503,495	...	...
1991 to 2000	21,530	...	...	369,020	...	...
2001 to 2005	6,685	...	...	196,830	...	...
2006 to 2010	8,305	...	...	241,545	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	7,125	...	...	209,515	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	238,530	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	216,690	...	...	3,304,625	...	...
Major repairs needed	21,840	...	...	227,040	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	238,530	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
1 household maintainer	148,430	...	...	2,221,970	...	...
2 household maintainers	87,160	...	...	1,264,195	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	2,935	...	...	45,500	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	238,530	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
15 to 24 years	7,580	...	...	119,495	...	...
25 to 34 years	28,840	...	...	498,070	...	...
35 to 44 years	33,160	...	...	603,840	...	...
45 to 54 years	45,650	...	...	682,290	...	...
55 to 64 years	51,560	...	...	731,390	...	...
65 to 74 years	40,260	...	...	541,630	...	...
75 to 84 years	23,425	...	...	270,280	...	...
85 years and over	8,050	...	...	84,680	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	231,595	...	...	3,496,460	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	181,020	...	...	2,763,105	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	50,575	...	...	733,355	...	...
30% to less than 100%	45,695	...	...	647,975	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	162,995	...	...	2,141,690	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	55.4	...	...	61.9	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	13.0	...	...	12.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	942	...	...	983	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,099	...	...	1,085	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	219,732	...	...	250,302	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	252,568	...	...	290,484	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	68,835	...	...	1,358,265	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	20.1	...	...	9.3	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	42.7	...	...	33.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	806	...	...	720	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	840	...	...	775	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	456,170	223,750	232,420	6,634,280	3,260,035	3,374,240
No certificate, diploma or degree	101,945	52,135	49,810	1,323,070	674,955	648,115
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	122,390	58,050	64,345	1,426,980	674,820	752,155
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	231,830	113,570	118,260	3,884,235	1,910,260	1,973,970
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	42,155	32,475	9,685	1,120,730	681,515	439,215
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	20,785	14,500	6,290	806,585	435,090	371,495
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	21,370	17,980	3,395	314,145	246,425	67,720
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	118,675	51,245	67,430	1,165,515	506,775	658,740
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	6,625	2,735	3,890	236,255	93,680	142,575
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	64,370	27,110	37,265	1,361,730	628,290	733,440
Bachelor's degree	46,905	18,525	28,380	872,060	384,275	487,790
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	4,915	2,105	2,815	118,955	54,255	64,695
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	1,920	1,270	650	39,045	19,865	19,185
Master's degree	9,090	4,195	4,895	281,215	139,280	141,935
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	1,535	1,010	525	50,455	30,615	19,840
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	288,370	141,660	146,705	4,371,935	2,167,810	2,204,125
No certificate, diploma or degree	38,435	21,330	17,105	580,635	323,880	256,750
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	75,730	37,220	38,510	808,955	396,620	412,330
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	174,205	83,115	91,095	2,982,345	1,447,305	1,535,040
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	27,575	21,320	6,250	866,595	513,575	353,015
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	13,630	9,615	4,020	631,795	330,140	301,655
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	13,945	11,710	2,230	234,800	183,440	51,360
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	93,355	40,340	53,015	832,430	367,185	465,245
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	4,410	1,905	2,505	167,025	67,530	99,495
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	48,870	19,545	29,325	1,116,300	499,010	617,290
Bachelor's degree	35,770	13,720	22,050	712,935	308,760	404,175
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	3,610	1,425	2,185	94,240	40,085	54,160
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	1,475	890	590	30,775	13,505	17,270
Master's degree	6,880	2,830	4,050	238,300	113,895	124,410
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	1,130	685	450	40,050	22,780	17,270
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	456,165	223,750	232,420	6,634,280	3,260,040	3,374,245
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	224,335	110,180	114,160	2,750,050	1,349,775	1,400,270
Education	15,805	3,840	11,970	273,320	62,470	210,845
13. Education	15,805	3,845	11,965	273,320	62,470	210,845
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	4,625	2,230	2,395	156,720	71,485	85,240
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	1,045	780	260	25,380	18,280	7,100
50. Visual and performing arts	3,580	1,445	2,135	131,340	53,200	78,140
Humanities	8,100	3,165	4,930	215,735	86,065	129,675
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	635	130	505	32,180	7,165	25,020
23. English language and literature/letters	1,890	500	1,385	12,900	4,060	8,835
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,975	715	1,260	103,120	42,685	60,435
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	50	10	40	880	395	485
38. Philosophy and religious studies	695	340	350	10,400	6,650	3,755
39. Theology and religious vocations	835	495	340	10,125	6,200	3,930
54. History	1,490	850	640	17,055	9,990	7,065
55. French language and literature/letters	535	125	405	29,070	8,920	20,155
Social and behavioural sciences and law	23,195	6,755	16,435	380,995	125,025	255,975
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	415	105	310	4,315	1,165	3,150
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	1,780	615	1,165	48,530	16,690	31,845
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	6,075	470	5,600	77,470	6,070	71,400
22. Legal professions and studies	3,725	1,275	2,450	67,185	25,785	41,395
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	480	95	385	9,905	2,035	7,870
42. Psychology	4,285	965	3,320	57,335	14,030	43,305
45. Social sciences	6,430	3,230	3,205	116,255	59,245	57,015
Business, management and public administration	39,415	11,705	27,705	879,190	321,450	557,740
30.16 Accounting and computer science	80	15	60	815	300	520
44. Public administration and social service professions	6,925	1,210	5,710	47,715	10,490	37,225
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	32,410	10,480	21,935	830,660	310,665	519,990
Physical and life sciences and technologies	6,360	3,440	2,925	140,990	76,780	64,215
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	2,810	1,200	1,605	49,705	20,900	28,805
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	795	410	390	23,210	13,865	9,350
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	80	15	60	21,890	10,810	11,080
40. Physical sciences	2,140	1,535	600	39,060	27,545	11,515
41. Science technologies/technicians	540	270	270	7,120	3,660	3,465
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	5,245	3,160	2,085	152,105	104,850	47,255
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	4,070	2,685	1,385	125,480	92,730	32,750
25. Library science	410	35	380	11,110	2,145	8,965
27. Mathematics and statistics	695	390	300	13,415	8,365	5,045
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	75	55	20	2,100	1,605	495
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	59,955	56,905	3,050	828,400	758,350	70,055
04. Architecture and related services	790	610	185	29,015	17,055	11,960
14. Engineering	4,570	4,050	520	150,450	124,585	25,865
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	15,325	13,980	1,345	150,640	135,445	15,195
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	60	20	40
46. Construction trades	11,980	11,660	320	185,385	179,995	5,390
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	18,680	18,285	395	184,280	178,510	5,770
48. Precision production	8,605	8,330	275	128,580	122,750	5,830
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	6,000	4,300	1,700	85,485	56,900	28,585
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	1,740	1,030	710	51,770	30,870	20,900
03. Natural resources and conservation	4,255	3,265	990	33,715	26,025	7,690
Health and related fields	43,220	7,100	36,120	480,230	95,450	384,780
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	2,915	1,510	1,405	27,955	14,675	13,280
51. Health professions and related programs	39,710	5,170	34,540	441,105	74,630	366,470
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	595	415	175	11,160	6,140	5,020
Personal, protective and transportation services	19,875	10,955	8,920	290,005	151,070	138,935
12. Personal and culinary services	8,675	1,960	6,715	164,595	43,720	120,875
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	40	35	0	290	270	20
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	145	140	10	1,345	1,245	100
43. Security and protective services	5,785	3,965	1,820	54,625	42,415	12,210
49. Transportation and materials moving	5,225	4,855	370	69,160	63,425	5,740
Other	40	10	35	1,055	375	680
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	40	10	35	1,055	375	675
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	288,370	141,660	146,705	4,371,935	2,167,805	2,204,130
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	114,165	58,545	55,615	1,389,585	720,500	669,085
Education	10,415	2,310	8,105	180,615	37,990	142,625
13. Education	10,415	2,310	8,110	180,615	37,990	142,625
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	3,495	1,655	1,840	122,045	55,575	66,475
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	750	545	205	19,510	13,740	5,770
50. Visual and performing arts	2,745	1,110	1,635	102,535	41,830	60,705
Humanities	5,390	2,040	3,345	138,330	54,580	83,750
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	480	95	385	25,220	5,455	19,765
23. English language and literature/letters	1,230	300	930	9,585	2,990	6,595
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,430	525	905	57,730	25,305	32,430
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	45	15	35	600	255	350
38. Philosophy and religious studies	360	165	195	6,980	4,415	2,570
39. Theology and religious vocations	520	320	200	5,415	3,380	2,035
54. History	1,020	575	445	12,235	7,140	5,095
55. French language and literature/letters	310	50	250	20,555	5,640	14,915
Social and behavioural sciences and law	18,545	5,010	13,535	301,550	95,120	206,430
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	275	75	210	3,550	925	2,620
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	1,515	545	970	40,275	13,900	26,370
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	5,040	355	4,685	63,120	4,295	58,825
22. Legal professions and studies	3,145	960	2,190	53,620	18,830	34,790
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	415	80	330	6,840	1,420	5,420
42. Psychology	3,285	640	2,645	44,540	10,255	34,285
45. Social sciences	4,865	2,365	2,500	89,610	45,495	44,110
Business, management and public administration	31,060	8,780	22,285	706,400	248,920	457,480
30.16 Accounting and computer science	50	15	40	615	215	400
44. Public administration and social service professions	5,760	970	4,790	38,320	7,835	30,485
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	25,250	7,795	17,455	667,470	240,870	426,600
Physical and life sciences and technologies	4,715	2,440	2,275	92,480	49,390	43,090
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	2,110	895	1,215	40,895	16,635	24,260
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	565	270	290	12,450	7,435	5,015
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	55	15	45	4,175	2,385	1,785
40. Physical sciences	1,590	1,080	515	29,705	20,255	9,445
41. Science technologies/technicians	390	180	210	5,255	2,675	2,580
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	4,345	2,610	1,735	132,750	91,865	40,885
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	3,500	2,295	1,205	112,715	83,240	29,470
25. Library science	290	20	270	8,720	1,665	7,055
27. Mathematics and statistics	495	250	240	9,725	5,815	3,915
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	60	40	20	1,585	1,150	440
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	43,545	41,105	2,445	639,185	577,845	61,335
04. Architecture and related services	590	440	150	24,260	13,870	10,385
14. Engineering	3,385	2,960	430	126,835	103,165	23,665
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	11,675	10,575	1,095	116,595	103,710	12,885
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	10	0	0	50	15	30
46. Construction trades	8,260	8,000	260	134,865	130,350	4,510
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	13,615	13,320	295	139,935	135,155	4,780
48. Precision production	6,020	5,810	210	96,655	91,580	5,075
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	4,635	3,185	1,450	69,865	45,215	24,655
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	1,325	715	610	41,755	23,965	17,795
03. Natural resources and conservation	3,310	2,470	840	28,110	21,250	6,860
Health and related fields	32,510	5,445	27,070	368,600	72,245	296,355
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	2,285	1,175	1,115	22,660	11,635	11,030
51. Health professions and related programs	29,755	3,965	25,790	337,320	56,510	280,810
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	470	305	165	8,620	4,110	4,510
Personal, protective and transportation services	15,505	8,525	6,980	229,640	118,260	111,375
12. Personal and culinary services	6,520	1,430	5,090	129,245	32,830	96,410
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	40	35	0	225	200	25
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	70	65	0	875	795	80
43. Security and protective services	4,725	3,175	1,550	42,550	32,575	9,975
49. Transportation and materials moving	4,150	3,820	335	56,750	51,860	4,890
Other	35	10	35	890	300	595
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	35	0	30	890	300	595
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	456,170	223,745	232,420	6,634,280	3,260,040	3,374,240
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	224,340	110,180	114,160	2,750,045	1,349,775	1,400,270
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	231,830	113,570	118,260	3,884,235	1,910,265	1,973,970
Location of study inside Canada	220,440	107,490	112,945	3,509,610	1,716,730	1,792,880
Same as province or territory of residence	210,895	102,655	108,245	3,367,195	1,642,930	1,724,270
Different than province or territory of residence	9,540	4,835	4,705	142,415	73,800	68,610
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	11,390	6,080	5,315	374,620	193,530	181,090
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	4,640	2,525	2,120	28,320	16,915	11,410
Philippines	345	90	255	12,515	3,600	8,920
India	685	330	355	6,805	3,660	3,150
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	1,520	845	675	11,250	6,535	4,715
China^{Census data footnote 162}	175	50	125	17,155	7,755	9,395
France	100	50	45	69,665	39,885	29,780
Other	3,930	2,190	1,745	228,905	115,185	113,725
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	288,365	141,660	146,705	4,371,935	2,167,810	2,204,130
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	114,160	58,550	55,615	1,389,590	720,505	669,085
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	174,200	83,110	91,090	2,982,350	1,447,305	1,535,045
Location of study inside Canada	166,915	79,510	87,405	2,676,230	1,293,455	1,382,780
Same as province or territory of residence	160,270	76,135	84,135	2,567,605	1,238,320	1,329,280
Different than province or territory of residence	6,640	3,380	3,265	108,630	55,125	53,500
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	7,290	3,600	3,690	306,115	153,850	152,265
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	3,210	1,630	1,585	19,655	11,145	8,505
Philippines	270	65	205	10,545	2,935	7,610
India	595	295	300	4,865	2,465	2,400
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	610	335	275	7,390	4,245	3,145
China^{Census data footnote 162}	165	50	115	15,420	6,865	8,550
France	65	30	30	57,315	32,115	25,205
Other	2,375	1,195	1,180	190,930	94,085	96,850
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	456,165	223,750	232,420	6,634,280	3,260,040	3,374,245
In the labour force	267,400	138,310	129,085	4,255,500	2,214,735	2,040,765
Employed	242,415	123,010	119,400	3,949,325	2,037,105	1,912,220
Unemployed	24,985	15,295	9,685	306,170	177,630	128,540
Not in the labour force	188,770	85,440	103,335	2,378,780	1,045,300	1,333,480
Participation rate	58.6	61.8	55.5	64.1	67.9	60.5
Employment rate	53.1	55.0	51.4	59.5	62.5	56.7
Unemployment rate	9.3	11.1	7.5	7.2	8.0	6.3
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	456,165	223,750	232,420	6,634,280	3,260,035	3,374,240
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	174,030	77,435	96,595	2,228,315	967,660	1,260,655
Worked	282,135	146,315	135,820	4,405,965	2,292,375	2,113,585
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	140,180	77,795	62,385	2,084,020	1,145,805	938,215
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	141,960	68,525	73,435	2,321,945	1,146,575	1,175,375
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.1	42.1	42.1	42.5	42.7	42.3
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	267,395	138,310	129,085	4,255,500	2,214,735	2,040,765
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	5,440	2,755	2,690	101,485	51,640	49,850
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	261,955	135,555	126,395	4,154,015	2,163,095	1,990,915
Employee	237,945	120,695	117,250	3,664,920	1,863,740	1,801,185
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	24,005	14,860	9,145	489,090	299,355	189,730
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	267,400	138,315	129,090	4,255,500	2,214,735	2,040,765
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	5,445	2,755	2,690	101,490	51,640	49,850
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	261,955	135,555	126,395	4,154,010	2,163,095	1,990,915
0 Management occupations	24,115	14,630	9,490	418,450	263,585	154,875
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	36,185	8,505	27,680	677,390	210,525	466,865
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	13,425	10,700	2,725	286,270	222,375	63,895
3 Health occupations	21,965	3,755	18,210	295,765	57,160	238,610
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	32,050	9,455	22,595	502,945	147,145	355,795
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	4,560	1,835	2,725	135,730	64,370	71,365
6 Sales and service occupations	62,525	24,520	38,005	988,610	449,820	538,790
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	47,380	44,575	2,805	574,675	544,100	30,570
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	11,445	10,500	945	67,290	55,610	11,685
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	8,300	7,080	1,220	206,875	148,405	58,475
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	267,400	138,310	129,085	4,255,495	2,214,735	2,040,765
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	5,445	2,750	2,690	101,490	51,635	49,850
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	261,955	135,555	126,395	4,154,010	2,163,095	1,990,915
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	4,870	3,635	1,240	84,060	60,460	23,595
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	15,525	14,050	1,475	20,920	18,175	2,745
22 Utilities	2,535	1,980	555	28,410	20,650	7,755
23 Construction	21,080	18,825	2,255	254,055	223,770	30,285
31-33 Manufacturing	16,625	13,995	2,635	458,315	332,080	126,240
41 Wholesale trade	6,170	4,830	1,340	157,365	104,885	52,475
44-45 Retail trade	33,295	15,225	18,070	508,170	239,625	268,545
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	12,270	9,020	3,255	187,550	142,550	45,000
51 Information and cultural industries	3,285	1,650	1,635	100,775	59,705	41,070
52 Finance and insurance	6,055	1,965	4,090	165,140	66,175	98,965
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	3,605	2,130	1,475	61,380	36,505	24,875
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	10,365	5,245	5,120	288,715	161,030	127,685
55 Management of companies and enterprises	135	95	45	3,305	1,270	2,035
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	10,950	6,075	4,870	176,185	108,280	67,905
61 Educational services	20,805	5,930	14,870	306,575	96,170	210,405
62 Health care and social assistance	39,260	6,125	33,135	532,680	99,380	433,295
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	4,895	2,490	2,410	84,130	44,235	39,895
72 Accommodation and food services	19,470	7,015	12,460	278,500	123,235	155,265
81 Other services (except public administration)	11,140	5,510	5,630	193,700	89,455	104,245
91 Public administration	19,620	9,770	9,850	264,085	135,455	128,630
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	242,415	123,015	119,400	3,949,325	2,037,105	1,912,220
Worked at home	12,440	6,115	6,330	266,285	134,325	131,960
Worked outside Canada	525	335	190	10,600	7,580	3,020
No fixed workplace address	26,830	20,240	6,590	351,595	265,405	86,185
Worked at usual place	202,625	96,330	106,290	3,320,850	1,629,795	1,691,050
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	202,620	96,325	106,295	3,320,845	1,629,795	1,691,050
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	159,205	73,520	85,685	1,732,155	810,895	921,260
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	27,160	13,275	13,890	485,450	234,700	250,750
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	14,970	8,480	6,485	1,037,125	549,095	488,030
Commute to a different province or territory	1,280	1,045	230	66,125	35,110	31,015
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	229,450	116,565	112,885	3,672,445	1,895,200	1,777,240
Car, truck, van - as a driver	186,505	96,830	89,670	2,739,405	1,475,775	1,263,625
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	15,750	6,875	8,875	133,760	51,045	82,715
Public transit	7,730	3,320	4,415	503,285	217,465	285,820
Walked	14,590	6,205	8,385	205,350	93,595	111,760
Bicycle	1,485	1,125	365	54,625	36,470	18,155
Other method	3,395	2,215	1,175	36,010	20,845	15,170
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	229,450	116,570	112,885	3,672,440	1,895,200	1,777,240
Less than 15 minutes	104,230	48,095	56,135	1,035,455	493,225	542,235
15 to 29 minutes	75,550	38,150	37,400	1,200,455	617,010	583,445
30 to 44 minutes	28,105	15,775	12,330	777,955	425,640	352,310
45 to 59 minutes	10,380	6,265	4,115	343,540	184,440	159,100
60 minutes and over	11,190	8,285	2,905	315,035	174,875	140,160
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	229,450	116,570	112,885	3,672,440	1,895,205	1,777,240
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	17,435	13,655	3,780	256,150	192,835	63,315
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	41,330	26,230	15,100	675,585	420,120	255,465
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	63,290	32,240	31,045	1,133,510	527,925	605,580
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	52,295	18,230	34,065	714,935	296,300	418,630
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	19,475	7,100	12,370	349,845	148,715	201,125
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	35,635	19,115	16,525	542,425	309,295	233,125
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	290,610	150,225	140,390	4,529,770	2,352,115	2,177,655
Single responses	281,950	146,505	135,450	4,187,865	2,169,480	2,018,385
Official languages	281,175	146,105	135,070	4,153,710	2,152,290	2,001,420
English	263,705	139,300	124,410	541,720	294,935	246,780
French	17,465	6,805	10,660	3,611,990	1,857,350	1,754,640
Non-official languages	775	395	375	34,160	17,190	16,970
Aboriginal languages	240	110	125	12,670	6,180	6,490
Algonquian languages	230	110	125	8,350	4,095	4,260
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	90	45	45	8,285	4,060	4,220
Atikamekw	0	0	0	1,100	580	515
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	1,800	840	960
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	210	105	100
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	35	20	15
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	95	45	45	5,145	2,515	2,630
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	30	20	10
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	25	20	10
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	135	60	75	45	15	25
Algonquin	0	0	0	45	20	30
Ojibway	135	50	75	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	4,305	2,080	2,220
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	4,290	2,075	2,215
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	15	0	15
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	10	0	15
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	10	0	0	0	0	10
Non-Aboriginal languages	535	285	250	21,490	11,005	10,480
Afro-Asiatic languages	10	10	0	1,895	1,125	775
Berber languages	0	0	0	35	10	30
Kabyle	0	0	0	15	0	20
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	0	10
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	10	10	0	1,860	1,110	745
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	10	0	1,715	1,045	665
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	10	0	10
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	140	70	70
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	10	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10	10	0	1,725	850	870
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	315	140	175
Vietnamese	10	10	0	1,410	710	695
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	135	65	70
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	10	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	10
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	115	50	60
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	275	90	190
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	10	0	10
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	265	90	175
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	150	75	75
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	145	75	70
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	10
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Indo-European languages	340	160	175	10,165	5,255	4,910
Albanian	0	0	0	30	20	10
Armenian	0	0	0	275	130	145
Balto-Slavic languages	10	0	10	1,130	500	635
Baltic languages	0	0	0	15	0	10
Latvian	0	0	0	15	10	10
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	10	0
Slavic languages	0	0	10	1,115	495	625
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	55	20	30
Croatian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Czech	0	0	0	10	0	10
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	170	65	105
Russian	0	0	10	735	340	395
Serbian	0	0	0	10	15	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	110	35	75
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	265	130	135	1,285	575	715
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	15	10	0
Dutch	15	10	10	25	10	15
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	250	125	130	370	170	195
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	10	15	10	10
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	860	375	485
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	525	260	270
Indo-Iranian languages	10	0	10	1,385	780	600
Indo-Aryan languages	10	0	10	680	390	295
Bengali	0	0	0	110	70	35
Gujarati	10	0	0	20	0	10
Hindi	0	0	0	35	20	15
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	20	0	10
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	415	225	190
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	85	50	35
Iranian languages	0	0	0	700	395	305
Kurdish	0	0	0	15	0	15
Pashto	0	0	0	10	0	15
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	675	385	285
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	55	35	25	5,525	2,990	2,540
Catalan	0	0	0	15	0	15
Italian	10	0	0	590	315	275
Portuguese	20	20	0	635	365	270
Romanian	0	0	0	320	140	175
Spanish	25	10	15	3,975	2,165	1,810
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Japanese	10	0	10	235	80	150
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Georgian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	300	150	150
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	45	25	20
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	10	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	10	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	25	20	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	10	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	10
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	35	25	0	205	60	140
American Sign Language	20	15	10	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	125	20	110
Sign languages, n.i.e	15	10	0	70	45	30
Sino-Tibetan languages	125	80	45	6,070	3,125	2,945
Chinese languages	125	80	45	6,075	3,130	2,950
Cantonese	70	50	30	2,655	1,325	1,330
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	40	15	20	3,100	1,630	1,465
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	70	40	30
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	15	10	10
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	10	0	235	130	110
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	110	40	75
Lao	0	0	0	55	25	30
Thai	0	0	0	55	10	40
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	110	60	50
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	110	55	55
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	20	0	10	40	10	40
Estonian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Finnish	10	0	10	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	10	35	0	35
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Multiple responses	8,665	3,720	4,945	341,900	182,635	159,265
English and French	8,270	3,545	4,725	315,620	169,365	146,255
English and non-official language	330	135	195	6,545	3,655	2,890
French and non-official language	10	0	10	7,525	3,460	4,065
English, French and non-official language	60	35	20	12,205	6,160	6,055
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	290,610	150,220	140,390	4,529,770	2,352,110	2,177,655
None	237,655	125,535	112,125	3,107,035	1,588,345	1,518,690
English	11,120	4,665	6,455	1,031,380	555,940	475,440
French	39,270	18,790	20,485	317,490	169,785	147,705
Non-official language	2,385	1,145	1,240	49,850	25,900	23,950
Aboriginal	1,245	520	730	4,985	2,285	2,705
Non-Aboriginal	1,140	630	510	44,865	23,620	21,245
English and French	0	0	0	2,185	1,040	1,140
English and non-official language	20	20	10	14,910	7,255	7,655
French and non-official language	150	70	80	6,855	3,795	3,055
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	65	50	20
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	533,415	263,145	270,265	7,880,315	3,897,740	3,982,575
Non-movers	471,690	233,505	238,185	6,965,520	3,447,320	3,518,195
Movers	61,725	29,645	32,080	914,800	450,420	464,380
Non-migrants	40,035	18,935	21,100	547,410	269,850	277,560
Migrants	21,690	10,710	10,980	367,385	180,565	186,820
Internal migrants	20,635	10,195	10,440	305,465	149,335	156,135
Intraprovincial migrants	18,695	9,160	9,530	284,280	137,945	146,330
Interprovincial migrants	1,940	1,035	905	21,190	11,385	9,805
External migrants	1,060	515	545	61,920	31,235	30,685
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	511,745	251,950	259,795	7,520,960	3,714,155	3,806,805
Non-movers	340,760	169,310	171,450	4,825,870	2,388,805	2,437,065
Movers	170,985	82,645	88,345	2,695,090	1,325,345	1,369,740
Non-migrants	106,080	51,155	54,925	1,507,665	741,220	766,440
Migrants	64,905	31,480	33,420	1,187,425	584,125	603,295
Internal migrants	61,360	29,725	31,630	949,170	464,830	484,340
Intraprovincial migrants	55,740	26,810	28,930	893,800	436,525	457,270
Interprovincial migrants	5,615	2,920	2,695	55,370	28,300	27,070
External migrants	3,550	1,760	1,790	238,250	119,295	118,960

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Northeast [Economic region], Ontario and Quebec [Province] (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 14, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Northeast [Economic region], Ontario and Quebec [Province]

Census Profile, 2016 Census Northeast [Economic region], Ontario and Quebec [Province]

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Northeast [Economic region], Ontario and Quebec [Province]