Census Profile, 2016 Census
Winnipeg [Economic region], Manitoba and Quebec [Province]

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Winnipeg Manitoba [Economic region]			Quebec [Province]
	Data quality , Winnipeg [Economic region], Manitoba Map : Winnipeg [Economic region], Manitoba Change geography 1			Data quality : Quebec [Province] Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	708,823	...	...	8,164,361	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	666,832	...	...	7,903,001	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	6.3	...	...	3.3	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	295,343	...	...	3,858,943	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	282,116	...	...	3,531,663	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	1,240.1	...	...	6.0	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	571.60	...	...	1,356,625.27	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	708,825	346,405	362,415	8,164,360	4,016,760	4,147,605
0 to 14 years	119,360	61,300	58,060	1,333,260	682,535	650,720
0 to 4 years	39,340	20,325	19,015	444,930	227,965	216,970
5 to 9 years	40,415	20,550	19,870	469,165	240,225	228,940
10 to 14 years	39,605	20,425	19,180	419,160	214,345	204,815
15 to 64 years	478,695	237,685	241,010	5,335,910	2,664,630	2,671,280
15 to 19 years	43,385	22,460	20,930	429,825	219,070	210,755
20 to 24 years	50,860	25,990	24,870	500,100	252,600	247,500
25 to 29 years	52,410	26,270	26,140	495,410	248,030	247,380
30 to 34 years	51,320	25,400	25,925	515,505	256,440	259,070
35 to 39 years	48,180	23,590	24,600	550,540	274,595	275,945
40 to 44 years	45,990	22,710	23,285	506,525	254,100	252,425
45 to 49 years	45,530	22,375	23,150	519,425	260,410	259,015
50 to 54 years	50,450	24,905	25,550	619,435	309,070	310,370
55 to 59 years	48,275	23,770	24,500	636,475	314,190	322,285
60 to 64 years	42,295	20,225	22,075	562,670	276,140	286,535
65 years and over	110,765	47,425	63,345	1,495,195	669,590	825,605
65 to 69 years	35,695	16,635	19,060	488,175	236,395	251,775
70 to 74 years	24,845	11,390	13,460	373,590	176,905	196,690
75 to 79 years	18,295	7,905	10,395	256,905	116,020	140,890
80 to 84 years	14,660	5,990	8,665	187,835	78,390	109,450
85 years and over	17,270	5,500	11,770	188,685	61,885	126,805
85 to 89 years	10,270	3,645	6,625	120,635	43,795	76,840
90 to 94 years	5,325	1,515	3,805	53,165	15,155	38,015
95 to 99 years	1,435	300	1,135	13,035	2,685	10,350
100 years and over	245	30	210	1,850	255	1,600
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16.8	17.7	16.0	16.3	17.0	15.7
15 to 64 years	67.5	68.6	66.5	65.4	66.3	64.4
65 years and over	15.6	13.7	17.5	18.3	16.7	19.9
85 years and over	2.4	1.6	3.2	2.3	1.5	3.1
Average age of the population	39.9	38.6	41.1	41.9	40.9	42.9
Median age of the population	38.8	37.4	40.1	42.5	41.4	43.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	282,115	...	...	3,531,660	...	...
Single-detached house	167,990	...	...	1,602,680	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	36,735	...	...	187,800	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	76,765	...	...	1,717,680	...	...
Semi-detached house	10,585	...	...	188,245	...	...
Row house	10,055	...	...	93,350	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	5,095	...	...	265,195	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	50,695	...	...	1,154,955	...	...
Other single-attached house	325	...	...	15,940	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	630	...	...	23,505	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	282,115	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
1 person	84,710	...	...	1,175,230	...	...
2 persons	90,445	...	...	1,227,765	...	...
3 persons	42,775	...	...	489,460	...	...
4 persons	38,580	...	...	426,250	...	...
5 or more persons	25,610	...	...	212,960	...	...
Number of persons in private households	693,030	...	...	7,965,455	...	...
Average household size	2.5	...	...	2.3	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	589,465	285,105	304,360	6,831,105	3,334,220	3,496,885
Married or living common law	319,770	159,895	159,875	3,844,145	1,924,750	1,919,395
Married	270,525	135,280	135,245	2,342,980	1,172,720	1,170,260
Living common law	49,245	24,615	24,630	1,501,160	752,025	749,135
Not married and not living common law	269,695	125,210	144,485	2,986,960	1,409,475	1,577,490
Never married	183,865	97,845	86,020	2,010,580	1,084,300	926,280
Separated	15,265	6,520	8,740	103,625	46,390	57,240
Divorced	35,920	13,835	22,085	483,195	194,430	288,760
Widowed	34,650	7,010	27,635	389,555	84,345	305,210
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	190,360	...	...	2,257,560	...	...
2 persons	92,580	...	...	1,204,955	...	...
3 persons	42,445	...	...	466,310	...	...
4 persons	37,910	...	...	412,160	...	...
5 or more persons	17,425	...	...	174,140	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	190,360	...	...	2,257,560	...	...
Total couple families	155,195	...	...	1,878,095	...	...
Married couples	130,575	...	...	1,128,355	...	...
Common-law couples	24,615	...	...	749,740	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	35,170	...	...	379,460	...	...
Female parent	28,020	...	...	284,900	...	...
Male parent	7,150	...	...	94,565	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	155,190	...	...	1,878,095	...	...
Couples without children	71,190	...	...	970,260	...	...
Couples with children	84,000	...	...	907,840	...	...
1 child	32,900	...	...	356,640	...	...
2 children	35,070	...	...	384,875	...	...
3 or more children	16,035	...	...	166,315	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	35,170	...	...	379,465	...	...
1 child	21,390	...	...	234,695	...	...
2 children	9,545	...	...	109,670	...	...
3 or more children	4,230	...	...	35,100	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	135,090	64,780	70,310	1,579,070	775,765	803,305
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	282,115	...	...	3,531,660	...	...
One-census-family households	177,610	...	...	2,197,340	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	67,100	...	...	947,305	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	110,505	...	...	1,250,040	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	6,180	...	...	29,595	...	...
Non-census-family households	98,320	...	...	1,304,725	...	...
One-person households	84,710	...	...	1,175,230	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	13,615	...	...	129,500	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	699,295	342,465	356,825	8,066,560	3,977,275	4,089,285
English only	616,790	305,830	310,960	372,445	187,595	184,860
French only	980	440	540	4,032,640	1,874,545	2,158,095
English and French	70,490	31,460	39,025	3,586,410	1,884,135	1,702,275
Neither English nor French	11,040	4,735	6,300	75,065	31,000	44,060
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	699,295	342,465	356,825	8,066,555	3,977,270	4,089,285
English	663,455	326,205	337,250	964,120	482,985	481,135
French	22,225	10,265	11,960	6,750,945	3,320,380	3,430,560
English and French	2,875	1,420	1,450	278,710	144,060	134,655
Neither English nor French	10,740	4,580	6,165	72,775	29,845	42,930
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	23,660	10,975	12,685	1,103,480	555,015	548,465
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	3.4	3.2	3.6	13.7	14.0	13.4
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	699,295	342,465	356,830	8,066,555	3,977,270	4,089,285
Single responses	676,590	331,480	345,110	7,881,650	3,884,675	3,996,975
Official languages	497,010	245,450	251,560	6,820,815	3,366,970	3,453,845
English	474,545	235,105	239,440	601,155	301,860	299,300
French	22,465	10,350	12,120	6,219,665	3,065,115	3,154,550
Non-official languages	179,580	86,025	93,555	1,060,830	517,700	543,125
Aboriginal languages	3,585	1,395	2,190	45,570	22,530	23,040
Algonquian languages	3,425	1,335	2,085	33,140	16,365	16,770
Blackfoot	0	0	0	5	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	1,120	420	700	31,430	15,575	15,855
Atikamekw	0	0	0	6,150	3,135	3,015
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	5	8,715	4,155	4,555
Moose Cree	5	0	5	0	5	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	590	285	305
Northern East Cree	10	5	10	135	55	80
Plains Cree	45	15	25	5	0	5
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	35	15	15
Swampy Cree	325	125	200	5	5	0
Woods Cree	30	10	20	10	5	5
Cree, n.o.s.	705	265	445	15,790	7,920	7,875
Eastern Algonquian languages	10	5	5	485	225	260
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	5	5	5	485	220	260
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	2,290	910	1,380	1,215	565	645
Algonquin	5	0	0	1,185	555	630
Ojibway	1,595	635	960	20	10	15
Oji-Cree	695	280	415	5	0	5
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	5
Athabaskan languages	45	10	35	15	10	5
Northern Athabaskan languages	45	10	35	15	10	5
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	45	10	30	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	5	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	10	5	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	50	15	35	11,970	5,955	6,015
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	40	10	25	11,895	5,925	5,970
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	75	25	45
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	375	165	210
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	365	160	210
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	5
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	25	10	10	5	5	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	5	0
Siouan languages	35	15	25	0	0	0
Dakota	30	10	20	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	5	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	10	10	0	65	30	35
Non-Aboriginal languages	175,995	84,635	91,360	1,015,260	495,175	520,090
Afro-Asiatic languages	9,850	5,095	4,755	197,535	104,185	93,355
Berber languages	35	25	15	20,845	11,125	9,720
Kabyle	30	15	10	12,470	6,625	5,840
Berber languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	8,375	4,500	3,875
Cushitic languages	1,690	835	855	1,125	545	580
Bilen	125	70	55	10	10	5
Oromo	335	165	165	15	10	5
Somali	1,225	595	625	1,075	515	560
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	30	20	10
Semitic languages	8,065	4,200	3,865	175,215	92,310	82,900
Amharic	1,520	745	775	745	340	405
Arabic	4,280	2,275	2,005	169,890	89,590	80,300
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	5	0	0	150	80	70
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	5	0	0	15	10	5
Harari	0	0	0	0	5	5
Hebrew	520	300	220	3,885	2,040	1,845
Maltese	30	10	20	25	10	15
Tigrigna	1,700	860	840	385	185	205
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	110	60	50
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	55	30	25	355	200	155
Austro-Asiatic languages	3,985	1,875	2,110	36,305	17,030	19,275
Khmer (Cambodian)	265	125	140	8,855	4,105	4,750
Vietnamese	3,720	1,750	1,970	27,425	12,920	14,505
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	25	10	15
Austronesian languages	48,225	22,375	25,850	21,635	7,800	13,835
Bikol	155	70	90	115	35	80
Cebuano	930	420	505	885	270	610
Fijian	10	5	5	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	360	155	205	410	125	275
Ilocano	1,265	590	680	2,060	745	1,315
Malagasy	0	0	0	1,250	590	660
Malay	150	60	85	705	265	440
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	595	290	305	205	90	110
Pangasinan	130	60	65	95	40	50
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	44,460	20,640	23,815	15,545	5,480	10,065
Waray-Waray	45	25	20	50	10	40
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	130	65	70	320	140	180
Creole languages	435	200	235	56,990	25,220	31,770
Haitian Creole	15	10	5	2,220	1,055	1,170
Creole, n.o.s.	180	90	95	53,785	23,675	30,110
Creole languages, n.i.e.	235	105	135	980	490	490
Dravidian languages	1,165	610	555	14,865	7,435	7,430
Kannada	85	50	35	240	130	110
Malayalam	520	265	250	440	235	205
Tamil	410	210	200	13,600	6,715	6,880
Telugu	150	85	65	570	345	230
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	15	10	5
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	25	10	15
Indo-European languages	85,240	41,240	44,000	553,045	269,625	283,420
Albanian	305	155	150	2,795	1,420	1,370
Armenian	60	35	30	16,430	7,970	8,460
Balto-Slavic languages	22,050	9,865	12,190	68,155	30,960	37,195
Baltic languages	110	45	60	850	335	515
Latvian	50	20	30	290	120	175
Lithuanian	65	30	40	555	215	340
Slavic languages	21,940	9,815	12,125	67,310	30,630	36,675
Belarusan	35	15	20	80	45	35
Bosnian	555	280	275	1,620	805	815
Bulgarian	125	60	65	6,985	3,385	3,600
Croatian	835	390	445	2,330	1,165	1,170
Czech	425	205	220	1,465	690	775
Macedonian	135	65	70	205	105	95
Polish	4,985	2,210	2,780	13,935	6,065	7,865
Russian	5,520	2,665	2,855	28,565	12,715	15,850
Serbian	610	310	295	3,140	1,590	1,545
Serbo-Croatian	230	110	120	1,805	865	940
Slovak	300	120	180	1,040	455	585
Slovene (Slovenian)	220	95	125	755	350	405
Ukrainian	7,900	3,255	4,645	5,210	2,285	2,920
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	60	35	30	175	90	85
Celtic languages	50	30	20	155	95	60
Scottish Gaelic	25	15	10	20	15	10
Welsh	15	5	10	40	20	20
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	90	55	30
Germanic languages	15,965	7,105	8,865	27,540	13,280	14,260
Afrikaans	150	80	75	125	60	65
Danish	160	75	90	395	190	200
Dutch	1,230	590	635	2,825	1,395	1,430
Frisian	20	10	10	10	10	0
German	13,665	6,025	7,645	13,670	6,340	7,330
Icelandic	140	50	95	65	30	35
Norwegian	50	25	30	200	100	100
Swedish	95	40	55	555	255	300
Vlaams (Flemish)	100	40	60	540	240	300
Yiddish	340	165	175	8,985	4,560	4,420
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	175	100	75
Greek	1,155	585	570	38,635	19,435	19,205
Indo-Iranian languages	29,340	15,490	13,850	76,040	39,205	36,835
Indo-Aryan languages	26,700	14,160	12,540	45,845	23,875	21,970
Bengali	1,095	630	465	10,995	5,620	5,380
Gujarati	2,060	1,080	980	6,070	2,980	3,090
Hindi	2,065	1,100	970	3,030	1,635	1,390
Kashmiri	5	5	0	20	15	5
Konkani	25	15	10	110	60	55
Marathi	100	65	40	255	145	110
Nepali	710	350	360	1,505	740	765
Oriya (Odia)	10	5	5	35	20	15
Punjabi (Panjabi)	17,200	9,045	8,155	12,380	6,720	5,660
Sindhi	50	30	25	330	160	165
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	620	320	300	645	310	330
Urdu	2,740	1,510	1,230	10,470	5,460	5,010
Iranian languages	2,545	1,275	1,270	29,760	15,105	14,655
Kurdish	390	205	190	985	550	430
Pashto	245	105	135	1,285	680	610
Persian (Farsi)	1,910	965	945	27,490	13,875	13,615
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	95	55	40	440	225	210
Italic (Romance) languages	16,315	7,980	8,335	323,290	157,260	166,030
Catalan	0	0	5	320	170	150
Italian	3,380	1,655	1,725	104,600	51,705	52,895
Portuguese	5,690	2,740	2,950	36,770	17,735	19,035
Romanian	530	255	275	35,840	17,170	18,665
Spanish	6,705	3,320	3,380	145,635	70,405	75,235
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	125	75	50
Japanese	485	165	320	2,525	775	1,750
Kartvelian languages	15	5	10	170	80	85
Georgian	15	10	5	170	80	90
Korean	3,275	1,560	1,715	5,160	2,270	2,890
Mongolic languages	20	5	15	190	75	115
Mongolian	20	5	15	195	80	115
Niger-Congo languages	3,510	1,755	1,750	28,355	14,360	13,995
Akan (Twi)	130	75	55	1,050	520	525
Bamanankan	75	25	50	1,200	655	545
Edo	35	20	15	75	45	30
Ewe	25	20	10	730	400	325
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	60	30	30	2,055	1,080	970
Ga	15	10	5	80	40	40
Ganda	40	10	25	35	15	20
Igbo	270	150	125	120	70	50
Lingala	75	30	35	2,465	1,185	1,285
Rundi (Kirundi)	120	55	65	3,345	1,600	1,745
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	235	120	115	2,500	1,115	1,380
Shona	85	40	50	85	45	40
Swahili	820	395	420	3,010	1,460	1,545
Wolof	75	50	25	3,230	1,745	1,485
Yoruba	875	445	430	255	155	100
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	575	280	295	8,135	4,235	3,895
Nilo-Saharan languages	380	205	175	345	180	165
Dinka	170	85	80	5	5	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	210	120	95	335	170	165
Sign languages	315	170	140	1,330	700	630
American Sign Language	175	95	75	65	35	30
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	670	330	340
Sign languages, n.i.e	135	75	65	595	340	255
Sino-Tibetan languages	16,605	8,185	8,415	76,840	35,775	41,065
Chinese languages	16,040	7,905	8,135	76,490	35,600	40,895
Cantonese	6,060	2,865	3,195	24,375	11,505	12,875
Hakka	55	30	30	470	215	260
Mandarin	8,785	4,425	4,355	43,700	20,175	23,525
Min Dong	5	5	5	20	10	15
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	305	145	160	3,225	1,480	1,745
Wu (Shanghainese)	100	50	50	1,075	465	605
Chinese, n.o.s.	725	385	340	3,535	1,710	1,825
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	90	40	45
Tibeto-Burman languages	555	280	280	345	175	170
Burmese	85	55	30	80	30	50
Karenic languages	420	205	210	70	40	30
Tibetan	5	5	5	110	65	50
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	55	20	35	85	45	40
Tai-Kadai languages	1,010	480	530	4,895	2,185	2,710
Lao	805	410	395	4,115	1,995	2,120
Thai	205	75	130	765	180	585
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	5	5	0	10	5	10
Turkic languages	300	165	140	7,980	4,095	3,880
Azerbaijani	30	15	10	290	160	130
Turkish	185	105	85	7,155	3,685	3,470
Uyghur	10	5	10	205	100	105
Uzbek	40	25	15	145	70	75
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	35	15	15	185	80	105
Uralic languages	1,060	470	595	6,400	2,985	3,410
Estonian	30	10	15	195	75	120
Finnish	130	50	75	360	125	240
Hungarian	910	410	500	5,835	2,790	3,045
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	5
Other languages, n.i.e.	120	70	50	685	385	300
Multiple responses	22,705	10,990	11,715	184,905	92,600	92,310
English and French	2,780	1,355	1,435	72,395	36,695	35,695
English and non-official language	18,970	9,140	9,825	27,485	13,545	13,945
French and non-official language	570	310	260	67,075	33,110	33,970
English, French and non-official language	385	190	200	17,950	9,245	8,705
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	699,295	342,465	356,830	8,066,560	3,977,270	4,089,285
Single responses	650,050	318,740	331,310	7,743,740	3,819,315	3,924,425
Official languages	558,485	273,940	284,545	7,157,850	3,536,165	3,621,685
English	549,040	269,740	279,305	782,185	391,125	391,060
French	9,445	4,200	5,245	6,375,665	3,145,040	3,230,625
Non-official languages	91,570	44,805	46,760	585,890	283,150	302,735
Aboriginal languages	925	395	530	40,190	20,205	19,980
Algonquian languages	900	390	515	28,695	14,385	14,310
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	255	105	150	28,110	14,105	14,005
Atikamekw	0	0	0	5,465	2,825	2,640
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	7,375	3,590	3,790
Moose Cree	0	0	0	5	5	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	590	295	290
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	60	30	30
Plains Cree	5	5	0	5	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	15	5	10
Swampy Cree	45	20	25	5	5	5
Woods Cree	5	0	5	0	5	0
Cree, n.o.s.	200	80	120	14,590	7,355	7,235
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	220	115	110
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	220	110	105
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	645	285	360	370	170	200
Algonquin	0	0	0	360	165	195
Ojibway	360	155	205	5	5	0
Oji-Cree	285	130	155	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	5
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	5	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	10	5	5	11,375	5,770	5,615
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	5	0
Inuktitut	5	0	0	11,350	5,750	5,600
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	20	15	10
Iroquoian languages	0	0	5	70	35	35
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	70	35	30
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	5	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	5	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	5	5	5
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	5	0	5	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	5	0	35	10	25
Non-Aboriginal languages	90,640	44,405	46,235	545,695	262,940	282,755
Afro-Asiatic languages	6,325	3,165	3,160	91,660	46,550	45,110
Berber languages	20	15	5	7,495	3,895	3,605
Kabyle	15	10	5	5,105	2,660	2,450
Berber languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	2,390	1,235	1,150
Cushitic languages	1,140	525	615	535	240	295
Bilen	95	50	45	5	0	5
Oromo	205	95	115	5	0	0
Somali	830	375	455	520	230	290
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	5	5	5
Semitic languages	5,145	2,620	2,525	83,520	42,365	41,160
Amharic	875	435	445	340	150	185
Arabic	2,840	1,455	1,380	81,105	41,150	39,955
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	5	0	95	50	45
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	10	0	5
Harari	0	0	0	5	0	5
Hebrew	340	185	155	1,705	880	825
Maltese	5	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	1,080	540	535	205	95	105
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	60	25	35
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	105	50	55
Austro-Asiatic languages	2,785	1,315	1,475	24,980	11,675	13,305
Khmer (Cambodian)	120	55	70	5,180	2,370	2,805
Vietnamese	2,665	1,260	1,400	19,790	9,295	10,495
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	15	5	10
Austronesian languages	24,750	11,735	13,010	9,715	3,960	5,750
Bikol	25	15	10	15	5	10
Cebuano	345	170	180	230	100	125
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	125	55	70	130	55	75
Ilocano	370	175	190	740	305	435
Malagasy	0	0	0	360	185	170
Malay	50	20	30	175	85	95
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	230	110	120	60	30	30
Pangasinan	30	15	15	10	5	10
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	23,545	11,160	12,385	7,905	3,150	4,760
Waray-Waray	10	5	5	15	10	10
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	20	10	15	75	35	35
Creole languages	200	80	115	20,705	8,780	11,925
Haitian Creole	10	5	5	855	380	475
Creole, n.o.s.	90	40	45	19,405	8,200	11,210
Creole languages, n.i.e.	100	35	65	440	200	240
Dravidian languages	580	285	295	11,400	5,595	5,805
Kannada	40	20	20	150	85	65
Malayalam	255	125	135	200	100	100
Tamil	205	100	105	10,720	5,215	5,500
Telugu	75	40	35	330	190	135
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	15	5	5
Indo-European languages	38,460	19,170	19,285	303,215	146,100	157,115
Albanian	150	75	75	1,615	795	820
Armenian	20	10	10	11,990	5,680	6,310
Balto-Slavic languages	8,315	3,970	4,345	40,405	19,085	21,325
Baltic languages	10	5	5	190	80	105
Latvian	10	0	5	75	40	40
Lithuanian	10	0	0	115	40	70
Slavic languages	8,300	3,965	4,335	40,220	19,000	21,220
Belarusan	5	0	0	25	15	15
Bosnian	280	140	140	965	475	495
Bulgarian	65	30	30	5,125	2,495	2,630
Croatian	275	115	155	1,015	475	545
Czech	95	45	50	460	220	240
Macedonian	75	35	45	130	65	65
Polish	1,660	735	920	5,970	2,695	3,270
Russian	3,610	1,795	1,815	20,680	9,775	10,900
Serbian	325	165	160	2,010	1,020	990
Serbo-Croatian	90	40	50	960	470	490
Slovak	60	30	30	245	120	130
Slovene (Slovenian)	50	20	30	225	95	135
Ukrainian	1,705	805	895	2,365	1,060	1,300
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	40	15	25
Celtic languages	5	5	0	30	20	10
Scottish Gaelic	5	0	0	5	5	0
Welsh	0	0	0	10	10	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	15	5
Germanic languages	1,635	730	900	9,890	4,980	4,905
Afrikaans	50	30	25	15	10	10
Danish	5	5	0	50	25	25
Dutch	65	30	35	375	170	205
Frisian	5	0	0	0	0	0
German	1,475	655	820	2,550	1,190	1,365
Icelandic	10	5	5	30	15	20
Norwegian	0	0	0	20	5	10
Swedish	5	0	0	105	50	60
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	5	5	70	35	40
Yiddish	10	5	5	6,665	3,485	3,180
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5
Greek	480	220	265	18,545	8,865	9,680
Indo-Iranian languages	20,750	10,810	9,935	53,555	26,845	26,710
Indo-Aryan languages	19,040	9,995	9,040	31,575	15,985	15,585
Bengali	660	370	285	8,180	4,055	4,125
Gujarati	1,320	670	640	3,840	1,860	1,985
Hindi	1,200	640	560	1,535	790	745
Kashmiri	0	0	0	5	0	0
Konkani	5	5	5	30	15	15
Marathi	30	15	15	80	40	40
Nepali	535	260	275	1,355	655	700
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	15	10	5
Punjabi (Panjabi)	13,230	6,915	6,315	8,840	4,690	4,155
Sindhi	25	10	15	135	65	75
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	340	180	165	365	185	180
Urdu	1,695	930	770	7,180	3,620	3,565
Iranian languages	1,665	790	875	21,745	10,740	11,010
Kurdish	260	125	130	510	280	235
Pashto	155	65	90	925	460	465
Persian (Farsi)	1,255	600	650	20,310	10,005	10,305
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	40	25	20	235	120	120
Italic (Romance) languages	7,105	3,345	3,760	167,190	79,835	87,355
Catalan	0	0	0	110	50	60
Italian	975	415	560	32,935	14,595	18,340
Portuguese	2,605	1,205	1,395	17,260	8,250	9,005
Romanian	205	100	110	24,520	12,000	12,525
Spanish	3,320	1,615	1,695	92,330	44,920	47,415
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	20	15
Japanese	160	65	95	1,050	425	620
Kartvelian languages	5	5	5	70	35	35
Georgian	10	0	5	70	40	35
Korean	2,540	1,235	1,305	3,540	1,630	1,910
Mongolic languages	5	0	0	145	70	75
Mongolian	5	5	5	145	70	75
Niger-Congo languages	1,280	635	650	7,250	3,450	3,800
Akan (Twi)	45	25	15	445	215	235
Bamanankan	10	5	5	265	135	125
Edo	5	5	5	10	5	5
Ewe	5	0	0	140	60	80
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	30	15	15	530	255	280
Ga	0	0	0	15	5	10
Ganda	5	5	0	5	5	5
Igbo	75	40	35	15	10	10
Lingala	40	20	20	625	270	355
Rundi (Kirundi)	55	30	30	1,110	510	600
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	100	55	50	530	225	305
Shona	10	5	10	20	10	10
Swahili	470	220	245	1,100	535	565
Wolof	25	20	10	1,035	555	480
Yoruba	285	150	140	55	25	25
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	110	40	70	1,350	635	710
Nilo-Saharan languages	130	60	70	135	70	65
Dinka	75	35	45	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	55	25	25	130	65	65
Sign languages	395	215	180	1,770	1,000	775
American Sign Language	195	110	85	90	35	50
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	700	360	340
Sign languages, n.i.e	200	110	90	985	600	385
Sino-Tibetan languages	12,125	6,010	6,110	60,370	28,925	31,450
Chinese languages	11,675	5,785	5,890	60,155	28,805	31,345
Cantonese	4,060	1,905	2,155	17,845	8,470	9,375
Hakka	25	10	15	155	75	80
Mandarin	6,890	3,495	3,390	37,075	17,870	19,200
Min Dong	0	0	5	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	125	65	65	1,830	830	1,000
Wu (Shanghainese)	60	30	30	780	355	420
Chinese, n.o.s.	510	275	235	2,435	1,190	1,240
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	40	20	20
Tibeto-Burman languages	445	225	220	215	115	100
Burmese	50	30	25	35	15	20
Karenic languages	355	180	175	65	40	30
Tibetan	5	0	5	70	45	30
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	35	15	25	40	20	20
Tai-Kadai languages	495	230	260	2,375	1,145	1,230
Lao	400	195	205	2,150	1,055	1,100
Thai	90	35	60	225	90	135
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	125	65	60	5,120	2,540	2,575
Azerbaijani	10	5	5	100	50	55
Turkish	60	30	30	4,715	2,340	2,370
Uyghur	0	0	0	140	75	70
Uzbek	35	20	15	105	50	55
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	65	30	35
Uralic languages	255	120	135	2,025	895	1,130
Estonian	0	0	0	30	10	20
Finnish	20	15	10	50	20	30
Hungarian	235	105	130	1,945	860	1,085
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	35	20	20	150	90	60
Multiple responses	49,240	23,725	25,515	322,820	157,960	164,860
English and French	2,060	955	1,105	86,715	43,820	42,890
English and non-official language	46,055	22,230	23,825	54,400	26,255	28,140
French and non-official language	350	175	180	139,385	66,610	72,775
English, French and non-official language	780	370	410	42,320	21,270	21,045
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	699,295	342,470	356,830	8,066,555	3,977,275	4,089,285
None	591,950	291,550	300,400	6,825,240	3,356,340	3,468,900
English	45,780	22,360	23,420	513,410	263,670	249,735
French	11,900	5,200	6,700	320,370	158,340	162,030
Non-official language	47,675	22,380	25,295	317,790	154,450	163,340
Aboriginal	2,330	915	1,415	5,700	2,645	3,060
Non-Aboriginal	45,345	21,465	23,880	312,085	151,810	160,280
English and French	250	125	125	36,235	18,285	17,955
English and non-official language	1,170	595	580	28,630	14,075	14,555
French and non-official language	555	250	310	23,470	11,365	12,095
English, French and non-official language	15	5	5	1,420	740	680
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	574,035	278,705	295,325	6,634,295	3,260,155	3,374,145
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	546,285	264,625	281,660	6,417,615	3,160,595	3,257,020
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	35,020	40,278	30,725	32,975	37,842	28,522
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	546,385	264,640	281,745	6,419,175	3,160,780	3,258,400
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	31,008	34,966	27,713	29,535	33,110	26,119
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	494,760	244,420	250,340	5,685,690	2,866,470	2,819,220
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	33,539	39,300	28,414	30,067	35,597	25,012
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	403,655	175,570	228,090	4,973,245	2,300,800	2,672,445
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	3,348	1,404	4,637	7,307	5,851	8,246
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	414,345	211,440	202,905	4,627,795	2,408,420	2,219,370
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	34,835	39,634	30,536	31,263	35,627	27,219
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	574,035	278,700	295,335	6,634,280	3,260,040	3,374,245
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	546,275	264,665	281,615	6,417,010	3,159,415	3,257,595
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	45,051	52,354	38,188	42,546	49,087	36,203
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	546,405	264,680	281,725	6,418,440	3,159,550	3,258,890
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	36,821	41,875	32,073	34,887	39,292	30,616
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	494,940	244,595	250,345	5,685,905	2,866,415	2,819,485
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	44,246	52,340	36,338	40,505	47,810	33,079
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	403,870	175,485	228,385	4,972,650	2,299,595	2,673,050
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	6,714	6,005	7,258	8,590	7,846	9,229
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	414,350	211,270	203,080	4,627,775	2,408,655	2,219,120
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	43,992	50,877	36,830	40,382	45,974	34,313
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	574,035	278,700	295,335	6,634,280	3,260,040	3,374,240
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	201,050	111,895	89,155	2,036,965	1,114,940	922,025
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	50,999	55,517	46,191	47,111	51,622	42,433
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	61,316	67,739	53,255	56,564	62,750	49,085
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	88.9	92.4	84.5	84.4	88.3	79.1
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	74.1	77.6	69.6	68.4	71.4	64.6
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	11.1	7.6	15.5	15.6	11.7	20.9
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	574,035	278,710	295,330	6,634,295	3,260,155	3,374,140
Without total income	27,750	14,080	13,670	216,685	99,555	117,125
With total income	546,290	264,625	281,660	6,417,615	3,160,595	3,257,020
Percentage with total income	95.2	94.9	95.4	96.7	96.9	96.5
Under $10,000 (including loss)	76,445	35,005	41,440	789,595	351,935	437,660
$10,000 to $19,999	83,025	32,825	50,200	1,188,135	476,630	711,500
$20,000 to $29,999	77,375	31,270	46,105	976,210	428,390	547,830
$30,000 to $39,999	71,845	32,265	39,580	852,735	414,105	438,625
$40,000 to $49,999	63,755	30,440	33,315	747,995	378,215	369,780
$50,000 to $59,999	47,920	25,975	21,940	540,265	292,110	248,150
$60,000 to $69,999	34,425	19,920	14,505	375,935	214,805	161,130
$70,000 to $79,999	25,200	14,855	10,345	286,025	164,240	121,790
$80,000 to $89,999	19,895	11,410	8,485	189,350	113,715	75,635
$90,000 to $99,999	12,685	7,450	5,240	122,750	80,090	42,660
$100,000 and over	33,715	23,220	10,495	348,620	246,360	102,255
$100,000 to $149,999	23,350	15,625	7,730	236,515	164,145	72,370
$150,000 and over	10,365	7,595	2,765	112,105	82,215	29,885
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	574,035	278,705	295,325	6,634,295	3,260,150	3,374,140
Without after-tax income	27,650	14,065	13,580	215,120	99,375	115,750
With after-tax income	546,385	264,640	281,750	6,419,175	3,160,780	3,258,395
Percentage with after-tax income	95.2	95.0	95.4	96.8	97.0	96.6
Under $10,000 (including loss)	78,880	35,505	43,375	822,725	359,045	463,675
$10,000 to $19,999	89,820	35,815	54,005	1,246,480	505,165	741,315
$20,000 to $29,999	95,030	39,815	55,220	1,192,885	541,080	651,810
$30,000 to $39,999	89,725	41,780	47,950	1,096,510	553,200	543,315
$40,000 to $49,999	68,350	35,980	32,365	793,150	425,040	368,115
$50,000 to $59,999	45,750	26,500	19,250	498,475	283,130	215,345
$60,000 to $69,999	30,955	17,885	13,070	309,415	180,470	128,945
$70,000 to $79,999	18,140	10,790	7,350	167,895	108,500	59,395
$80,000 and over	29,735	20,565	9,170	291,635	205,155	86,485
$80,000 to $89,999	10,175	6,640	3,530	95,010	64,670	30,335
$90,000 to $99,999	5,820	3,990	1,830	55,980	39,080	16,905
$100,000 and over	13,745	9,930	3,810	140,645	101,405	39,240
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	574,035	278,705	295,330	6,634,295	3,260,155	3,374,145
Without employment income	159,690	67,270	92,420	2,006,505	851,730	1,154,775
With employment income	414,345	211,440	202,905	4,627,790	2,408,420	2,219,375
Percentage with employment income	72.2	75.9	68.7	69.8	73.9	65.8
Under $5,000 (including loss)	46,545	21,855	24,685	606,300	311,780	294,520
$5,000 to $9,999	29,760	13,025	16,730	367,030	162,150	204,885
$10,000 to $19,999	53,735	23,860	29,875	681,920	305,995	375,920
$20,000 to $29,999	51,935	23,430	28,500	586,140	269,950	316,195
$30,000 to $39,999	51,965	24,425	27,535	565,425	277,135	288,285
$40,000 to $49,999	45,985	22,680	23,305	476,665	247,105	229,560
$50,000 to $59,999	35,610	20,125	15,485	359,180	203,580	155,600
$60,000 to $69,999	25,960	15,360	10,595	266,650	156,255	110,395
$70,000 to $79,999	19,990	11,995	8,005	224,040	129,890	94,150
$80,000 and over	52,865	34,675	18,190	494,440	344,585	149,855
$80,000 to $89,999	16,680	9,560	7,115	139,830	90,295	49,540
$90,000 to $99,999	10,175	6,265	3,910	93,860	64,160	29,700
$100,000 and over	26,015	18,855	7,165	260,745	190,125	70,620
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	282,115	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	68,552	...	...	59,822	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	59,102	...	...	52,207	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	84,710	...	...	1,175,230	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	37,406	...	...	31,574	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	32,632	...	...	28,469	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	197,405	...	...	2,356,430	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	86,645	...	...	78,645	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	74,189	...	...	67,665	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	282,120	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	87,235	...	...	77,306	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	71,315	...	...	63,404	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	84,710	...	...	1,174,695	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	45,563	...	...	40,042	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	37,409	...	...	33,262	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	197,405	...	...	2,356,970	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	105,118	...	...	95,878	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	85,865	...	...	78,426	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	282,115	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
Under $5,000	5,605	...	...	47,170	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	5,160	...	...	56,315	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	6,850	...	...	119,570	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	9,765	...	...	180,865	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	11,975	...	...	179,690	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	10,650	...	...	154,150	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	11,570	...	...	185,000	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	12,425	...	...	184,435	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	12,460	...	...	179,855	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	12,310	...	...	170,445	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	23,380	...	...	313,600	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	22,035	...	...	273,620	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	19,845	...	...	241,940	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	18,185	...	...	208,620	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	15,565	...	...	176,355	...	...
$100,000 and over	84,340	...	...	860,030	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	30,180	...	...	327,435	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	19,930	...	...	204,105	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	20,115	...	...	192,155	...	...
$200,000 and over	14,115	...	...	136,335	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	282,115	...	...	3,531,660	...	...
Under $5,000	5,845	...	...	50,445	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	5,235	...	...	57,335	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	7,085	...	...	120,860	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	10,440	...	...	190,300	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	13,830	...	...	202,905	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	12,835	...	...	187,365	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	14,770	...	...	231,765	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	15,540	...	...	225,695	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	15,065	...	...	211,990	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	14,715	...	...	202,760	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	28,080	...	...	363,775	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	25,395	...	...	309,825	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	22,115	...	...	256,150	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	18,425	...	...	208,765	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	15,260	...	...	166,295	...	...
$100,000 and over	57,480	...	...	545,440	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	26,655	...	...	269,170	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	14,460	...	...	130,225	...	...
$150,000 and over	16,360	...	...	146,045	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	188,390	...	...	2,261,890	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	86,928	...	...	79,378	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	74,327	...	...	68,152	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.1	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	65,440	...	...	930,195	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	81,833	...	...	70,075	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	69,538	...	...	60,224	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	84,055	...	...	911,980	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	108,232	...	...	105,246	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	91,525	...	...	88,844	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	4.1	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	32,090	...	...	364,085	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	53,572	...	...	52,708	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	48,791	...	...	47,805	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	188,380	...	...	2,262,045	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	106,053	...	...	96,863	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	86,433	...	...	79,060	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	65,405	...	...	929,645	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	101,865	...	...	86,304	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	82,262	...	...	70,167	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	84,225	...	...	912,560	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	127,309	...	...	122,835	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	102,952	...	...	99,279	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	31,975	...	...	363,610	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	63,475	...	...	61,753	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	54,761	...	...	53,052	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	113,040	54,940	58,100	1,433,210	711,180	722,030
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	33,484	35,016	32,255	29,195	31,526	27,210
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	29,809	30,706	29,087	26,706	28,214	25,434
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	112,795	54,765	58,030	1,430,625	708,225	722,405
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	41,070	42,848	39,391	37,684	39,840	35,571
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	34,019	34,888	33,198	31,513	32,729	30,321
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	693,025	339,810	353,220	7,965,455	3,941,475	4,023,970
In the bottom half of the distribution	369,100	176,480	192,620	4,577,885	2,216,770	2,361,115
In the bottom decile	78,425	38,440	39,985	747,785	368,385	379,395
In the second decile	68,475	30,950	37,530	898,605	408,705	489,900
In the third decile	72,510	34,180	38,330	997,185	481,975	515,210
In the fourth decile	74,430	36,100	38,330	996,230	490,275	505,960
In the fifth decile	75,260	36,820	38,440	938,080	467,425	470,655
In the top half of the distribution	323,930	163,330	160,600	3,387,565	1,724,710	1,662,855
In the sixth decile	73,995	36,795	37,200	881,640	444,865	436,775
In the seventh decile	71,890	36,045	35,840	806,685	409,470	397,220
In the eighth decile	67,880	34,170	33,715	700,450	357,000	343,455
In the ninth decile	61,300	31,200	30,095	557,160	286,195	270,960
In the top decile	48,865	25,120	23,750	441,630	227,185	214,445
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	693,030	339,810	353,220	7,921,505	3,919,560	4,001,945
0 to 17 years	144,135	74,180	69,955	1,564,410	800,455	763,960
0 to 5 years	47,120	24,260	22,860	532,410	272,790	259,625
18 to 64 years	448,635	221,440	227,200	5,021,875	2,498,900	2,522,980
65 years and over	100,255	44,195	56,065	1,335,220	620,210	715,010
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	109,680	51,700	57,985	1,160,190	542,405	617,785
0 to 17 years	33,035	16,990	16,040	222,955	114,410	108,540
0 to 5 years	12,015	6,215	5,800	75,270	38,595	36,670
18 to 64 years	64,545	30,520	34,020	688,130	334,825	353,305
65 years and over	12,110	4,185	7,920	249,110	93,170	155,930
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	15.8	15.2	16.4	14.6	13.8	15.4
0 to 17 years (%)	22.9	22.9	22.9	14.3	14.3	14.2
0 to 5 years (%)	25.5	25.6	25.4	14.1	14.1	14.1
18 to 64 years (%)	14.4	13.8	15.0	13.7	13.4	14.0
65 years and over (%)	12.1	9.5	14.1	18.7	15.0	21.8
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	92,005	44,340	47,665	731,340	358,085	373,260
0 to 17 years	25,915	13,280	12,635	129,325	66,400	62,925
0 to 5 years	9,575	4,925	4,650	44,375	22,705	21,675
18 to 64 years	58,350	28,365	29,985	514,540	261,485	253,060
65 years and over	7,740	2,690	5,050	87,475	30,205	57,270
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	13.3	13.0	13.5	9.2	9.1	9.3
0 to 17 years (%)	18.0	17.9	18.1	8.3	8.3	8.2
0 to 5 years (%)	20.3	20.3	20.3	8.3	8.3	8.3
18 to 64 years (%)	13.0	12.8	13.2	10.2	10.5	10.0
65 years and over (%)	7.7	6.1	9.0	6.6	4.9	8.0
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	693,030	339,810	353,220	7,965,450	3,941,440	4,024,015
Official languages	682,035	334,995	347,040	7,891,110	3,911,220	3,979,890
English	681,155	334,595	346,560	3,930,690	2,058,470	1,872,225
French	70,545	31,475	39,070	7,522,350	3,725,145	3,797,200
Non-official languages	221,185	106,000	115,180	1,610,980	776,265	834,720
Aboriginal languages	5,645	2,230	3,415	50,890	25,190	25,700
Algonquian languages	5,400	2,135	3,270	37,515	18,545	18,965
Blackfoot	10	0	10	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	1,875	740	1,135	34,415	17,050	17,370
Atikamekw	0	0	0	6,640	3,335	3,305
Montagnais (Innu)	10	10	0	9,850	4,735	5,115
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	10	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	775	385	385
Northern East Cree	35	10	30	260	130	130
Plains Cree	105	50	55	10	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	35	25	10
Swampy Cree	500	220	280	15	0	10
Woods Cree	50	25	30	10	10	0
Cree, n.o.s.	1,175	435	740	17,175	8,600	8,575
Eastern Algonquian languages	10	10	0	885	460	420
Malecite	0	0	0	10	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	880	460	425
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	3,690	1,460	2,230	2,340	1,105	1,235
Algonquin	0	0	0	2,240	1,055	1,185
Ojibway	2,580	1,035	1,545	105	50	50
Oji-Cree	1,100	425	675	10	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	20	10
Athabaskan languages	75	15	60	20	10	10
Northern Athabaskan languages	80	10	65	20	15	10
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	75	15	60	10	0	10
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	10
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	10	10	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	10	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	50	25	30	12,595	6,270	6,330
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	10	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	35	10	30	12,485	6,210	6,270
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	115	60	60
Iroquoian languages	10	10	0	740	360	375
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	10	10	0	690	350	335
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	50	15	35
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	65	30	30	30	15	10
Salish languages	0	0	10	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	10	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	35	20	15	0	0	0
Dakota	35	15	15	10	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	10
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	10	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	10	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	20	10	10	90	40	55
Non-Aboriginal languages	215,610	103,810	111,800	1,560,375	751,215	809,160
Afro-Asiatic languages	14,575	7,640	6,935	301,035	157,545	143,490
Berber languages	75	35	35	27,595	14,650	12,945
Kabyle	50	20	25	16,170	8,580	7,590
Berber languages, n.i.e.	40	20	15	11,580	6,150	5,425
Cushitic languages	2,220	1,145	1,075	1,550	745	805
Bilen	145	80	65	35	20	10
Oromo	530	270	260	45	30	10
Somali	1,530	785	750	1,460	680	780
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	15	15	10	10	10	0
Semitic languages	12,610	6,655	5,955	286,625	149,970	136,660
Amharic	2,185	1,180	1,005	1,145	540	600
Arabic	6,085	3,275	2,810	267,965	140,280	127,685
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	15	0	10	195	95	95
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	10	0	0	10	0	0
Harari	0	10	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	3,215	1,645	1,565	18,035	9,490	8,540
Maltese	45	20	25	40	10	25
Tigrigna	2,125	1,110	1,015	420	195	225
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	180	85	95
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	125	60	65	810	430	380
Austro-Asiatic languages	4,955	2,410	2,550	46,050	21,955	24,095
Khmer (Cambodian)	320	180	145	11,840	5,620	6,220
Vietnamese	4,645	2,240	2,405	34,580	16,520	18,060
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	25	15
Austronesian languages	59,420	27,385	32,035	31,230	11,820	19,410
Bikol	210	95	110	105	45	60
Cebuano	1,200	590	605	1,105	360	750
Fijian	10	0	10	15	0	10
Hiligaynon	395	165	235	540	195	350
Ilocano	1,785	850	930	2,500	890	1,610
Malagasy	0	0	0	1,980	940	1,040
Malay	310	160	155	1,210	525	690
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	910	405	505	195	95	100
Pangasinan	205	100	110	60	20	40
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	58,520	26,925	31,595	26,705	9,785	16,915
Waray-Waray	100	50	50	55	10	45
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	140	55	80	540	270	275
Creole languages	965	440	525	115,445	51,970	63,475
Haitian Creole	20	10	15	4,910	2,285	2,620
Creole, n.o.s.	410	210	205	108,315	48,615	59,705
Creole languages, n.i.e.	555	245	315	2,835	1,390	1,445
Dravidian languages	1,290	610	680	18,710	9,495	9,210
Kannada	155	90	70	415	210	205
Malayalam	480	185	290	510	285	220
Tamil	570	275	295	17,245	8,680	8,565
Telugu	175	95	80	930	540	390
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	10	15	10	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	35	15	25
Indo-European languages	104,250	50,680	53,570	912,945	435,785	477,155
Albanian	375	195	180	3,375	1,730	1,645
Armenian	65	50	15	20,290	9,790	10,500
Balto-Slavic languages	24,745	11,465	13,285	88,425	41,725	46,700
Baltic languages	165	80	85	1,080	500	585
Latvian	65	30	35	335	150	185
Lithuanian	100	50	50	755	350	410
Slavic languages	24,615	11,405	13,215	87,520	41,315	46,205
Belarusan	50	25	35	365	150	215
Bosnian	805	400	410	1,975	990	985
Bulgarian	135	80	55	7,345	3,595	3,750
Croatian	1,335	620	710	3,580	1,760	1,820
Czech	535	235	295	2,070	975	1,095
Macedonian	125	70	55	285	140	145
Polish	5,990	2,770	3,215	17,760	8,090	9,665
Russian	7,660	3,770	3,895	46,665	22,265	24,400
Serbian	810	435	375	4,050	1,980	2,070
Serbo-Croatian	180	65	110	2,385	1,140	1,245
Slovak	375	160	220	1,520	705	820
Slovene (Slovenian)	255	95	160	970	490	480
Ukrainian	9,585	4,160	5,430	9,015	3,885	5,135
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	50	30	25	150	75	75
Celtic languages	95	60	35	495	305	195
Scottish Gaelic	65	45	15	155	95	65
Welsh	10	0	10	85	45	40
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	20	10	15	265	175	95
Germanic languages	19,185	8,745	10,435	63,370	31,835	31,530
Afrikaans	270	125	150	415	260	150
Danish	160	60	100	835	410	420
Dutch	1,400	685	720	5,060	2,665	2,395
Frisian	35	20	15	15	10	0
German	16,420	7,550	8,870	43,475	21,950	21,530
Icelandic	200	60	145	140	80	60
Norwegian	155	55	95	510	255	255
Swedish	175	55	115	1,580	785	795
Vlaams (Flemish)	100	35	60	760	265	495
Yiddish	545	230	310	12,375	6,225	6,155
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	45	25	15	270	125	140
Greek	1,835	940	895	51,060	25,520	25,540
Indo-Iranian languages	35,070	18,495	16,575	93,655	48,040	45,615
Indo-Aryan languages	32,370	17,135	15,230	59,570	30,870	28,700
Bengali	1,440	840	595	12,870	6,610	6,260
Gujarati	2,740	1,440	1,305	7,950	3,860	4,090
Hindi	11,235	6,005	5,230	15,570	8,285	7,280
Kashmiri	15	15	0	45	35	15
Konkani	35	25	10	150	70	75
Marathi	220	130	95	475	240	230
Nepali	600	285	320	1,445	725	720
Oriya (Odia)	15	10	0	55	35	20
Punjabi (Panjabi)	21,585	11,330	10,255	17,860	9,690	8,165
Sindhi	140	80	55	500	240	255
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	870	465	405	1,335	625	710
Urdu	4,185	2,360	1,825	16,545	8,655	7,890
Iranian languages	2,800	1,390	1,410	35,420	17,830	17,585
Kurdish	570	280	290	1,255	665	590
Pashto	265	120	150	1,825	1,005	825
Persian (Farsi)	2,115	1,075	1,035	32,965	16,560	16,405
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	200	110	90	845	425	420
Italic (Romance) languages	25,275	11,885	13,385	627,545	293,620	333,920
Catalan	15	10	10	890	525	365
Italian	4,720	2,270	2,450	173,710	84,430	89,275
Portuguese	7,190	3,445	3,745	55,100	27,620	27,475
Romanian	665	345	325	42,655	20,550	22,110
Spanish	13,430	6,180	7,245	390,355	177,610	212,745
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	45	40	10	490	345	145
Japanese	1,020	475	545	7,040	3,340	3,695
Kartvelian languages	15	0	15	220	110	110
Georgian	15	0	10	215	105	110
Korean	3,710	1,815	1,890	6,260	2,825	3,430
Mongolic languages	50	20	30	270	135	130
Mongolian	50	20	30	265	135	130
Niger-Congo languages	7,255	3,695	3,565	52,840	26,665	26,175
Akan (Twi)	205	125	80	1,800	945	855
Bamanankan	145	85	60	2,385	1,240	1,145
Edo	90	60	30	190	95	95
Ewe	45	25	25	1,410	865	545
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	45	25	20	3,400	1,785	1,620
Ga	15	10	10	315	155	160
Ganda	175	80	100	90	40	55
Igbo	625	310	310	275	190	90
Lingala	640	305	340	9,630	4,430	5,200
Rundi (Kirundi)	195	95	100	4,490	2,210	2,285
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	305	150	155	3,535	1,640	1,895
Shona	195	80	115	150	75	80
Swahili	1,825	965	860	8,015	4,080	3,935
Wolof	155	85	65	6,555	3,545	3,015
Yoruba	2,365	1,180	1,185	885	485	395
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	1,235	630	605	17,720	9,125	8,595
Nilo-Saharan languages	410	225	185	695	345	350
Dinka	180	105	80	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	225	120	105	695	345	350
Sign languages	1,910	730	1,180	7,775	3,095	4,675
American Sign Language	1,270	495	775	675	245	435
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	4,405	1,590	2,815
Sign languages, n.i.e.	650	240	410	2,960	1,350	1,605
Sino-Tibetan languages	18,775	9,315	9,465	90,460	42,695	47,770
Chinese languages	18,120	9,010	9,110	90,060	42,480	47,580
Cantonese	7,710	3,625	4,085	31,885	14,900	16,980
Hakka	45	25	20	545	240	310
Mandarin	11,220	5,655	5,560	59,240	27,560	31,685
Min Dong	0	0	0	15	10	10
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	440	205	235	4,215	1,860	2,350
Wu (Shanghainese)	145	80	60	1,230	535	690
Chinese, n.o.s.	810	440	365	4,800	2,380	2,425
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	90	40	55
Tibeto-Burman languages	665	305	365	430	235	195
Burmese	180	115	65	140	75	60
Karenic languages	460	200	260	105	55	45
Tibetan	0	0	0	65	50	10
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	135	60	80	140	65	80
Tai-Kadai languages	1,400	645	750	7,280	3,400	3,880
Lao	1,035	480	560	5,785	2,850	2,935
Thai	485	220	260	2,255	875	1,375
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	15	10	10
Turkic languages	415	215	205	12,475	6,265	6,210
Azerbaijani	50	30	30	510	275	235
Turkish	295	150	140	11,415	5,755	5,665
Uyghur	30	15	15	230	110	120
Uzbek	15	10	10	230	105	125
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	35	15	25	235	115	120
Uralic languages	1,185	555	630	7,870	3,710	4,160
Estonian	45	20	25	150	55	95
Finnish	130	50	85	500	195	305
Hungarian	1,010	485	525	7,215	3,450	3,765
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	370	245	130	2,140	1,170	970
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	693,030	339,810	353,220	7,965,450	3,941,440	4,024,015
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	612,425	299,255	313,165	7,585,545	3,753,190	3,832,350
Canadian citizens aged under 18	128,140	65,740	62,400	1,521,230	779,620	741,610
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	484,285	233,520	250,765	6,064,310	2,973,575	3,090,740
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	80,605	40,550	40,055	379,910	188,245	191,665
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	693,030	339,810	353,220	7,965,450	3,941,440	4,024,015
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	503,435	247,005	256,430	6,788,085	3,365,345	3,422,735
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	176,305	85,500	90,805	1,091,310	530,325	560,980
Before 1981	37,755	17,340	20,420	238,655	117,080	121,575
1981 to 1990	16,180	8,200	7,980	127,340	63,150	64,190
1991 to 2000	17,885	8,560	9,320	187,860	89,210	98,650
2001 to 2010	52,455	25,845	26,620	322,280	155,785	166,495
2001 to 2005	15,950	7,785	8,160	140,170	67,835	72,335
2006 to 2010	36,510	18,055	18,450	182,115	87,945	94,165
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	52,030	25,565	26,465	215,170	105,105	110,065
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	13,290	7,305	5,980	86,065	45,765	40,295
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	176,305	85,500	90,805	1,091,305	530,325	560,980
Under 5 years	17,845	8,980	8,860	112,930	54,600	58,330
5 to 14 years	32,930	16,795	16,135	174,020	87,165	86,855
15 to 24 years	34,785	16,080	18,710	215,350	98,880	116,475
25 to 44 years	76,010	36,515	39,495	515,770	256,095	259,675
45 years and over	14,730	7,130	7,605	73,230	33,590	39,640
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	176,305	85,500	90,805	1,091,305	530,330	560,980
Americas	16,205	7,660	8,550	247,505	113,190	134,315
Brazil	385	155	230	7,345	3,515	3,830
Colombia	535	245	290	25,580	11,645	13,935
El Salvador	1,490	795	695	11,120	5,500	5,615
Guyana	1,065	480	580	2,490	1,085	1,410
Haiti	75	40	30	80,965	35,375	45,585
Jamaica	1,570	725	845	4,665	2,040	2,625
Mexico	730	370	360	15,820	7,090	8,730
Peru	190	85	110	13,265	5,945	7,325
Trinidad and Tobago	1,385	715	670	4,075	1,840	2,240
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	4,110	1,885	2,225	25,955	12,800	13,155
Other places of birth in Americas	4,670	2,165	2,510	56,235	26,370	29,870
Europe	36,555	17,560	18,995	311,090	154,910	156,185
Bosnia and Herzegovina	1,015	510	505	3,785	1,890	1,895
Croatia	855	370	485	2,140	1,085	1,050
France	470	245	225	81,225	43,490	37,735
Germany	3,995	1,885	2,110	9,750	4,365	5,390
Greece	770	420	355	18,420	9,135	9,285
Hungary	680	355	325	3,325	1,620	1,700
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	400	185	215	820	485	330
Italy	2,470	1,270	1,205	51,025	25,370	25,655
Netherlands	1,020	540	480	1,990	1,035	955
Poland	4,240	1,950	2,290	10,735	4,675	6,060
Portugal	3,805	1,880	1,925	18,985	9,185	9,800
Romania	625	305	320	28,695	13,695	15,005
Russian Federation	1,970	905	1,065	11,355	4,975	6,375
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	325	170	155	1,790	830	960
Ukraine	3,615	1,690	1,925	8,670	3,800	4,870
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	6,890	3,275	3,615	12,905	6,645	6,260
Other places of birth in Europe	3,405	1,600	1,805	45,500	22,630	22,870
Africa	15,935	8,310	7,625	241,410	125,250	116,165
Algeria	105	50	50	59,465	31,180	28,280
Egypt	895	485	410	19,490	10,290	9,200
Ethiopia	2,210	1,170	1,040	995	495	495
Kenya	895	440	455	785	355	430
Morocco	220	115	105	60,700	31,435	29,270
Nigeria	3,490	1,885	1,610	1,340	740	600
Somalia	750	345	405	580	270	310
South Africa, Republic of	530	235	290	865	475	385
Other places of birth in Africa	6,850	3,590	3,260	97,200	50,005	47,190
Asia	107,155	51,760	55,390	289,825	136,175	153,655
Afghanistan	610	285	330	7,280	3,640	3,640
Bangladesh	845	460	385	7,940	3,990	3,950
China^{Census data footnote 59}	7,565	3,640	3,930	49,555	19,905	29,655
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	1,375	660	715	4,730	2,290	2,435
India	19,435	10,020	9,415	17,865	9,195	8,670
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	1,035	570	470	17,760	8,880	8,885
Iraq	835	450	390	3,735	1,960	1,775
Japan	185	50	130	1,725	395	1,330
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	2,580	1,265	1,315	4,230	1,995	2,230
Lebanon	220	140	75	39,135	20,800	18,340
Pakistan	2,840	1,535	1,305	10,010	5,260	4,750
Philippines	56,935	26,495	30,440	24,410	9,040	15,370
Sri Lanka	965	480	485	10,715	5,335	5,380
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	695	320	370	17,775	8,800	8,980
Taiwan	190	95	90	2,735	1,100	1,635
Viet Nam	4,055	1,950	2,105	25,440	11,765	13,675
Other places of birth in Asia	6,795	3,350	3,450	44,795	21,840	22,950
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	455	210	245	1,480	805	670
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	52,030	25,565	26,465	215,170	105,105	110,065
Americas	1,940	880	1,060	47,710	22,625	25,085
Brazil	95	35	55	3,010	1,495	1,520
Colombia	75	25	55	7,540	3,465	4,075
Cuba	55	15	40	2,565	1,260	1,315
Haiti	15	10	10	16,880	7,690	9,190
Jamaica	245	130	115	190	140	55
Mexico	240	125	115	4,210	1,955	2,255
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	605	295	305	3,990	2,265	1,720
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	40	15	30	1,955	935	1,020
Other places of birth in Americas	570	230	340	7,365	3,425	3,935
Europe	3,320	1,680	1,640	39,320	20,085	19,235
France	85	35	45	20,030	10,855	9,175
Germany	100	45	50	580	250	330
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	95	60	40	135	105	35
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	130	70	55	3,750	1,695	2,055
Romania	65	35	30	2,945	1,260	1,685
Russian Federation	730	330	395	1,970	865	1,105
Ukraine	965	470	495	2,460	1,110	1,350
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	305	175	135	860	565	290
Other places of birth in Europe	855	455	400	6,590	3,385	3,205
Africa	7,105	3,680	3,420	74,200	37,110	37,090
Algeria	20	10	10	16,380	8,060	8,320
Cameroon	50	30	20	7,550	3,705	3,845
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	730	355	375	3,370	1,655	1,715
Côte d'Ivoire	95	35	60	5,070	2,505	2,565
Egypt	380	205	180	4,360	2,260	2,095
Eritrea	740	400	345	50	30	20
Ethiopia	720	380	340	125	65	60
Morocco	60	30	30	13,475	6,675	6,805
Nigeria	2,405	1,285	1,115	540	280	260
Somalia	380	165	220	95	40	50
South Africa, Republic of	95	30	60	175	115	60
Tunisia	50	45	10	5,855	3,025	2,825
Other places of birth in Africa	1,370	710	655	17,155	8,690	8,470
Asia	39,540	19,250	20,290	53,595	25,070	28,525
Afghanistan	60	35	25	1,555	715	840
Bangladesh	335	180	150	860	455	405
China^{Census data footnote 59}	2,890	1,385	1,505	10,705	4,805	5,895
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	150	80	70	120	35	80
India	9,480	4,910	4,575	2,960	1,555	1,405
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	405	220	185	7,505	3,545	3,960
Iraq	315	170	145	985	465	515
Israel	585	335	255	645	390	255
Japan	50	20	25	330	30	295
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	1,160	605	555	825	370	455
Lebanon	115	80	40	3,955	2,100	1,860
Nepal	205	65	140	360	165	195
Pakistan	1,415	745	670	1,815	920	895
Philippines	19,615	9,115	10,495	5,635	2,345	3,290
Saudi Arabia	310	140	170	435	210	225
Sri Lanka	225	125	100	860	380	480
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	535	260	275	7,455	3,740	3,715
Taiwan	15	10	0	170	60	105
Turkey	40	30	10	585	300	285
United Arab Emirates	110	55	55	300	160	145
Viet Nam	480	220	265	1,505	560	945
Other places of birth in Asia	1,045	480	565	4,025	1,765	2,265
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	130	70	55	345	215	135
Australia	65	25	45	190	120	70
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	60	50	10	155	95	65
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	693,030	339,810	353,220	7,965,450	3,941,440	4,024,015
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	192,720	94,305	98,415	1,204,895	590,175	614,720
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	128,340	63,165	65,170	792,085	399,535	392,550
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	371,970	182,335	189,635	5,968,475	2,951,730	3,016,745
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	141,220	69,465	71,760	867,685	420,465	447,220
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	91,515	45,935	45,580	469,015	243,915	225,100
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	35,515	20,655	14,860	224,720	137,975	86,745
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	56,000	25,280	30,715	244,300	105,945	138,360
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	30,680	13,375	17,305	241,225	96,130	145,095
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	18,645	10,015	8,630	146,295	75,100	71,195
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	380	145	240	11,150	5,320	5,825
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	693,025	339,810	353,220	7,965,450	3,941,440	4,024,010
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	84,495	39,960	44,530	182,885	91,890	90,995
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	82,940	39,150	43,795	175,960	88,635	87,325
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	36,860	16,940	19,925	92,655	45,510	47,145
Métis	45,800	22,085	23,715	69,365	36,260	33,100
Inuk (Inuit)	275	125	150	13,940	6,865	7,075
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	1,195	655	540	2,760	1,330	1,430
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	360	155	205	4,170	1,930	2,245
Non-Aboriginal identity	608,540	299,850	308,690	7,782,560	3,849,550	3,933,015
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	693,030	339,810	353,220	7,965,455	3,941,440	4,024,015
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	35,045	16,020	19,025	77,490	38,580	38,915
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	657,985	323,790	334,195	7,887,960	3,902,860	3,985,100
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	693,025	339,810	353,215	7,965,455	3,941,440	4,024,015
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	28,495	13,205	15,295	118,780	58,535	60,245
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	27,410	12,690	14,720	115,480	56,930	58,550
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	19,315	8,885	10,430	87,700	42,730	44,965
Métis single ancestry	8,040	3,785	4,255	17,585	9,225	8,360
Inuit single ancestry	60	20	35	10,200	4,980	5,220
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	1,085	510	575	3,300	1,605	1,700
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	1,050	495	555	2,220	1,115	1,105
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	25	10	10	995	455	540
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	10	65	25	40
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	10	0	10	20	10	15
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	57,830	27,700	30,130	240,650	113,905	126,740
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	54,400	26,085	28,310	235,365	111,205	124,165
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	19,345	9,245	10,100	193,625	90,650	102,975
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	34,830	16,735	18,095	37,080	18,320	18,760
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	220	105	115	4,660	2,230	2,425
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	3,430	1,610	1,820	5,280	2,700	2,575
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	3,280	1,540	1,745	4,040	2,105	1,940
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	65	35	30	990	475	515
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	80	35	40	225	110	115
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	10	0	25	15	10
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	606,705	298,910	307,795	7,606,025	3,769,000	3,837,030
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	693,025	339,810	353,220	7,965,450	3,941,440	4,024,015
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	193,110	96,060	97,045	1,032,365	505,180	527,185
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	37,570	19,765	17,810	90,335	46,750	43,585
Chinese	19,675	9,925	9,755	99,505	44,370	55,135
Black	26,900	13,870	13,025	319,230	154,110	165,120
Filipino	73,360	34,860	38,500	34,910	14,275	20,635
Latin American	6,725	3,260	3,465	133,920	64,655	69,260
Arab	4,560	2,425	2,135	213,740	113,420	100,320
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	7,875	3,795	4,085	62,820	29,960	32,865
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	2,450	1,275	1,175	32,405	16,200	16,210
Korean	3,780	1,875	1,900	8,055	3,865	4,190
Japanese	1,565	720	850	4,570	1,755	2,820
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	2,755	1,380	1,380	9,840	4,670	5,175
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	5,880	2,910	2,965	23,045	11,160	11,885
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	499,920	243,745	256,175	6,933,085	3,436,260	3,496,830
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	693,030	339,810	353,220	7,965,455	3,941,435	4,024,010
North American Aboriginal origins	86,325	40,900	45,425	359,430	172,440	186,985
First Nations (North American Indian)	43,095	20,215	22,875	289,610	137,550	152,065
Inuit	465	220	245	17,175	8,300	8,880
Métis	47,295	22,595	24,700	61,260	30,915	30,345
Other North American origins	118,145	58,245	59,900	4,850,145	2,390,545	2,459,605
Acadian	415	195	220	34,785	16,440	18,345
American	5,265	2,610	2,660	45,050	21,470	23,580
Canadian	113,855	56,080	57,775	4,647,840	2,288,280	2,359,555
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	750	370	380
Newfoundlander	130	80	55	570	280	295
Nova Scotian	20	20	10	365	155	215
Ontarian	15	15	0	1,345	660	685
Québécois	230	125	105	184,005	93,895	90,110
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	20	0	15	205	110	100
European origins	444,215	215,910	228,310	3,037,890	1,511,060	1,526,825
British Isles origins	230,910	112,650	118,265	745,715	360,135	385,575
Channel Islander	45	15	30	1,440	725	720
Cornish	65	40	25	70	35	40
English	131,505	63,550	67,955	228,520	111,855	116,670
Irish	87,960	42,005	45,950	446,215	211,545	234,665
Manx	115	80	35	200	105	95
Scottish	113,310	55,085	58,225	215,030	103,395	111,635
Welsh	10,955	5,245	5,710	10,765	5,075	5,690
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	13,325	6,215	7,110	32,525	15,440	17,080
French origins	83,695	40,380	43,315	1,878,795	941,770	937,025
Alsatian	20	10	10	1,050	520	525
Breton	65	15	45	11,140	5,410	5,725
Corsican	0	0	0	1,270	690	580
French	83,655	40,360	43,295	1,870,545	937,665	932,875
Western European origins (except French origins)	138,055	66,755	71,300	244,380	119,115	125,260
Austrian	7,415	3,535	3,880	12,710	6,285	6,430
Bavarian	10	0	0	40	30	20
Belgian	9,755	4,670	5,085	51,340	25,295	26,050
Dutch	25,380	12,410	12,975	26,000	12,805	13,190
Flemish	525	200	325	1,345	660	685
Frisian	85	50	30	15	20	0
German	106,380	51,485	54,900	142,225	68,250	73,975
Luxembourger	80	35	45	910	445	460
Swiss	2,755	1,300	1,455	24,500	12,615	11,885
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	125	55	70	125	80	50
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	43,055	20,300	22,755	25,460	12,490	12,975
Danish	4,340	2,075	2,260	5,700	2,815	2,885
Finnish	2,435	1,120	1,310	3,130	1,430	1,700
Icelandic	16,175	7,795	8,385	955	480	470
Norwegian	10,225	4,685	5,545	7,820	3,835	3,985
Swedish	12,350	5,745	6,605	6,840	3,275	3,565
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	1,555	755	800	2,500	1,265	1,230
Eastern European origins	156,935	75,665	81,265	249,940	121,660	128,285
Bulgarian	270	155	120	9,570	4,675	4,895
Byelorussian	605	290	310	2,530	1,235	1,295
Czech	2,660	1,225	1,430	6,295	2,965	3,330
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	1,215	590	625	2,150	1,100	1,050
Estonian	165	70	95	890	460	435
Hungarian	6,495	3,240	3,260	28,280	13,970	14,310
Latvian	820	380	445	1,740	835	905
Lithuanian	970	465	510	6,630	3,320	3,305
Moldovan	245	130	120	7,620	3,710	3,900
Polish	52,190	24,910	27,280	79,040	38,705	40,335
Romanian	3,810	1,865	1,940	53,060	25,935	27,125
Russian	25,780	12,320	13,460	55,230	26,405	28,830
Slovak	1,370	610	760	4,770	2,375	2,395
Ukrainian	100,005	48,345	51,665	42,550	20,575	21,975
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	710	315	390	2,900	1,505	1,400
Southern European origins	47,695	23,350	24,350	549,750	273,670	276,080
Albanian	395	215	175	3,760	1,950	1,805
Bosnian	955	465	485	2,970	1,485	1,490
Catalan	15	0	15	735	395	340
Croatian	2,205	1,040	1,165	6,745	3,375	3,370
Cypriot	30	20	10	480	240	245
Greek	3,370	1,710	1,655	71,330	36,235	35,090
Italian	17,745	8,925	8,820	326,700	162,650	164,045
Kosovar	35	20	20	505	295	210
Macedonian	215	110	105	775	400	370
Maltese	230	110	120	1,220	615	610
Montenegrin	35	10	30	450	250	200
Portuguese	11,770	5,815	5,950	69,805	34,825	34,980
Serbian	1,055	560	490	5,950	2,915	3,040
Sicilian	200	85	120	1,435	710	725
Slovenian	890	430	460	2,510	1,225	1,280
Spanish	10,415	4,660	5,755	85,360	41,745	43,615
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	755	410	345	3,270	1,595	1,670
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	70	40	30	300	155	145
Other European origins	8,825	4,435	4,390	38,670	19,875	18,800
Basque	100	65	35	3,620	1,930	1,690
Jewish	7,310	3,640	3,665	25,235	12,955	12,280
Roma (Gypsy)	100	55	45	475	270	205
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	125	65	60	360	180	185
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	1,255	640	620	9,215	4,690	4,530
Caribbean origins	8,990	4,485	4,505	201,625	93,935	107,690
Antiguan	60	20	40	380	170	205
Bahamian	55	30	25	430	205	225
Barbadian	645	330	315	5,570	2,585	2,985
Bermudan	35	25	15	115	50	65
Carib	70	30	40	405	150	255
Cuban	240	110	125	9,830	4,800	5,035
Dominican	245	130	115	11,560	5,320	6,235
Grenadian	145	80	70	1,965	790	1,175
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	1,010	475	535
Haitian	130	50	85	143,165	66,245	76,925
Jamaican	3,765	1,865	1,900	14,100	6,785	7,315
Kittitian/Nevisian	10	10	0	360	200	160
Martinican	0	0	0	1,775	820	950
Montserratan	0	0	10	240	140	105
Puerto Rican	60	20	40	530	270	255
St. Lucian	30	20	15	860	450	405
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	2,005	1,055	945	6,585	2,925	3,660
Vincentian/Grenadinian	160	75	85	4,020	1,695	2,325
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	1,275	595	680	5,635	2,610	3,025
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	575	305	270	4,195	1,995	2,205
Latin, Central and South American origins	11,000	5,375	5,625	167,275	81,215	86,065
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	485	265	220	6,100	2,885	3,210
Arawak	10	10	10	180	60	120
Argentinian	445	215	230	4,950	2,490	2,460
Belizean	20	15	10	80	40	40
Bolivian	50	10	40	1,730	815	915
Brazilian	690	305	380	8,345	4,075	4,275
Chilean	1,260	590	670	14,060	7,055	7,005
Colombian	810	385	425	33,965	15,915	18,050
Costa Rican	55	30	30	1,180	570	610
Ecuadorian	80	50	30	2,720	1,255	1,470
Guatemalan	450	205	245	10,175	5,380	4,795
Guyanese	1,305	660	650	3,670	1,810	1,860
Hispanic	300	130	170	1,155	570	585
Honduran	70	40	30	4,335	2,135	2,200
Maya	135	90	45	1,670	935	735
Mexican	1,720	810	910	26,930	13,185	13,745
Nicaraguan	295	150	145	2,805	1,360	1,445
Panamanian	40	10	30	1,460	755	710
Paraguayan	485	275	210	365	155	205
Peruvian	265	100	165	19,735	9,240	10,495
Salvadorean	1,675	885	785	19,200	9,535	9,665
Uruguayan	35	10	25	1,755	815	940
Venezuelan	180	70	115	7,475	3,430	4,045
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	735	370	365	5,845	2,965	2,880
African origins	25,385	13,130	12,250	382,665	196,910	185,755
Central and West African origins	8,045	4,220	3,830	86,695	44,720	41,975
Akan	30	0	25	630	325	310
Angolan	15	10	0	875	425	450
Ashanti	20	10	10	120	90	35
Beninese	50	45	10	4,125	2,220	1,915
Burkinabe	20	10	0	2,465	1,325	1,145
Cameroonian	145	80	70	17,095	8,635	8,465
Chadian	10	10	0	1,045	525	520
Congolese	1,545	770	775	20,210	9,960	10,250
Edo	125	85	40	110	60	45
Ewe	15	10	10	460	265	200
Gabonese	25	25	10	1,165	545	620
Gambian	10	10	10	150	95	55
Ghanaian	350	195	160	3,235	1,660	1,575
Guinean	65	20	40	5,255	2,765	2,485
Ibo	415	200	220	185	95	95
Ivorian	120	45	75	8,545	4,350	4,200
Liberian	50	20	35	150	60	90
Malian	140	85	55	3,535	1,755	1,775
Malinké	30	25	0	635	340	295
Nigerian	3,450	1,880	1,565	2,820	1,510	1,310
Peulh	30	10	10	2,110	1,080	1,030
Senegalese	115	70	45	8,250	4,420	3,835
Sierra Leonean	310	150	165	110	55	55
Togolese	115	60	55	4,080	2,210	1,870
Wolof	20	10	10	660	390	270
Yoruba	995	510	490	460	225	235
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	490	225	265	6,955	3,690	3,275
North African origins	3,235	1,720	1,520	225,125	117,725	107,410
Algerian	95	35	55	60,375	31,185	29,190
Berber	130	80	50	33,825	17,840	15,985
Coptic	75	40	30	685	385	305
Dinka	35	20	10	15	10	10
Egyptian	1,160	610	550	29,400	15,295	14,100
Libyan	305	145	160	1,075	590	485
Maure	75	45	25	530	290	240
Moroccan	300	150	150	85,940	44,520	41,420
Sudanese	1,030	545	480	370	220	150
Tunisian	85	55	25	21,475	11,775	9,695
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	65	30	30	3,340	1,845	1,490
Southern and East African origins	9,195	4,755	4,435	28,925	14,225	14,705
Afrikaner	30	25	10	115	75	40
Amhara	110	80	35	65	30	35
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	145	85	65	1,905	1,040	870
Burundian	215	100	115	6,015	2,945	3,070
Djiboutian	40	25	15	450	205	245
Eritrean	2,175	1,160	1,015	580	290	290
Ethiopian	2,520	1,275	1,245	1,575	785	785
Harari	0	0	0	20	10	10
Kenyan	285	140	150	530	270	260
Malagasy	0	0	0	3,735	1,815	1,920
Mauritian	100	55	50	3,695	1,735	1,960
Oromo	315	185	130	20	15	10
Rwandan	295	140	150	5,130	2,445	2,685
Seychellois	35	10	25	775	345	425
Somali	1,715	895	820	1,785	865	915
South African	380	175	210	900	490	420
Tanzanian	85	50	30	325	190	140
Tigrian	320	195	120	95	35	55
Ugandan	170	85	90	290	135	160
Zambian	195	90	105	45	20	25
Zimbabwean	260	120	140	300	150	145
Zulu	25	15	10	70	35	35
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	425	220	205	1,790	915	875
Other African origins	5,520	2,770	2,755	46,805	22,845	23,965
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	650	335	310	3,800	1,845	1,950
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	4,950	2,455	2,495	43,785	21,415	22,370
Asian origins	159,880	79,230	80,655	563,150	275,170	287,980
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	9,725	4,995	4,730	240,795	123,985	116,810
Afghan	1,010	475	530	10,945	5,550	5,395
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	1,535	835	700	44,875	23,680	21,195
Armenian	355	175	180	27,380	13,515	13,865
Assyrian	30	25	15	370	205	165
Azerbaijani	55	30	25	555	295	255
Georgian	100	55	50	635	295	345
Hazara	0	0	0	385	190	200
Iranian	1,570	835	735	25,530	12,845	12,685
Iraqi	915	475	440	5,520	2,780	2,740
Israeli	715	370	345	6,060	3,235	2,830
Jordanian	210	90	120	1,610	840	770
Kazakh	45	25	25	620	295	325
Kurd	300	145	160	2,135	1,180	960
Kuwaiti	45	15	25	95	50	50
Kyrgyz	35	20	20	260	140	120
Lebanese	980	495	490	78,140	40,695	37,450
Palestinian	545	290	255	6,865	3,520	3,345
Pashtun	50	25	25	515	280	235
Saudi Arabian	125	70	55	645	390	255
Syrian	905	445	460	27,465	13,845	13,620
Tajik	45	20	25	390	180	210
Tatar	145	70	70	910	430	485
Turk	540	250	290	15,060	7,520	7,545
Turkmen	0	0	0	65	45	25
Uighur	10	0	0	375	185	190
Uzbek	55	40	20	465	210	255
Yemeni	105	45	55	805	450	355
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	220	125	95	2,465	1,385	1,075
South Asian origins	38,340	20,105	18,230	95,670	48,925	46,745
Bangladeshi	850	485	370	7,075	3,625	3,450
Bengali	190	115	80	4,125	2,035	2,090
Bhutanese	145	55	85	420	205	215
East Indian	30,365	15,870	14,495	51,650	26,505	25,140
Goan	50	25	30	210	105	110
Gujarati	150	80	70	420	205	215
Kashmiri	20	10	10	260	155	105
Nepali	490	240	255	930	460	470
Pakistani	2,960	1,610	1,350	13,535	7,000	6,535
Punjabi	3,495	1,815	1,680	2,970	1,675	1,295
Sinhalese	250	125	125	310	135	175
Sri Lankan	1,025	505	515	14,750	7,300	7,450
Tamil	235	140	100	3,100	1,610	1,495
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	665	385	280	2,135	1,190	945
East and Southeast Asian origins	112,260	54,295	57,960	229,985	103,805	126,180
Burmese	250	120	125	530	270	255
Cambodian (Khmer)	500	270	230	15,345	7,360	7,985
Chinese	26,505	13,170	13,335	121,445	54,595	66,850
Filipino	76,735	36,665	40,070	37,910	15,590	22,320
Hmong	0	0	0	35	10	20
Indonesian	415	220	200	1,320	570	755
Japanese	2,255	1,045	1,210	6,495	2,615	3,875
Karen	450	195	255	95	55	40
Korean	3,920	1,960	1,960	8,740	4,155	4,580
Laotian	1,550	730	825	7,625	3,860	3,770
Malaysian	430	215	210	645	300	340
Mongolian	130	50	75	960	470	485
Singaporean	0	10	0	105	65	40
Taiwanese	115	75	40	2,205	940	1,265
Thai	610	270	340	2,695	1,065	1,635
Tibetan	15	10	0	80	45	30
Vietnamese	5,495	2,710	2,785	43,080	20,790	22,290
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	145	65	80	275	125	155
Other Asian origins	430	215	220	1,765	905	865
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	435	215	215	1,770	905	860
Oceania origins	965	455	515	3,250	1,730	1,515
Australian	640	280	360	2,055	1,125	935
New Zealander	180	95	80	490	245	245
Pacific Islands origins	195	105	90	785	410	380
Fijian	10	0	10	70	25	40
Hawaiian	55	30	25	60	40	20
Maori	55	30	25	90	55	35
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	50	30	20	290	145	145
Samoan	0	0	0	15	15	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	40	15	25	295	155	145
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	282,120	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
Owner	183,395	...	...	2,163,735	...	...
Renter	98,720	...	...	1,362,010	...	...
Band housing	0	...	...	5,915	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	282,115	...	...	3,531,660	...	...
Condominium	24,185	...	...	413,325	...	...
Not condominium	257,930	...	...	3,118,340	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	282,115	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
No bedrooms	3,030	...	...	23,725	...	...
1 bedroom	47,900	...	...	573,370	...	...
2 bedrooms	73,520	...	...	1,100,310	...	...
3 bedrooms	96,300	...	...	1,157,300	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	61,375	...	...	676,955	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	282,115	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	92,455	...	...	1,258,215	...	...
5 rooms	45,900	...	...	620,935	...	...
6 rooms	42,910	...	...	432,090	...	...
7 rooms	35,520	...	...	403,255	...	...
8 or more rooms	65,340	...	...	817,165	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.8	...	...	5.8	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	282,115	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
One person or fewer per room	272,995	...	...	3,492,135	...	...
More than 1 person per room	9,120	...	...	39,530	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	282,115	...	...	3,531,660	...	...
Suitable	261,165	...	...	3,398,910	...	...
Not suitable	20,955	...	...	132,755	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	282,115	...	...	3,531,660	...	...
1960 or before	97,210	...	...	894,495	...	...
1961 to 1980	93,845	...	...	1,116,760	...	...
1981 to 1990	36,170	...	...	503,495	...	...
1991 to 2000	17,970	...	...	369,020	...	...
2001 to 2005	8,900	...	...	196,830	...	...
2006 to 2010	12,380	...	...	241,545	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	15,645	...	...	209,515	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	282,120	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	260,050	...	...	3,304,625	...	...
Major repairs needed	22,065	...	...	227,040	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	282,115	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
1 household maintainer	164,905	...	...	2,221,970	...	...
2 household maintainers	109,655	...	...	1,264,195	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	7,555	...	...	45,500	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	282,120	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
15 to 24 years	9,595	...	...	119,495	...	...
25 to 34 years	44,905	...	...	498,070	...	...
35 to 44 years	50,700	...	...	603,840	...	...
45 to 54 years	55,575	...	...	682,290	...	...
55 to 64 years	54,320	...	...	731,390	...	...
65 to 74 years	37,360	...	...	541,630	...	...
75 to 84 years	20,965	...	...	270,280	...	...
85 years and over	8,700	...	...	84,680	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	281,275	...	...	3,496,460	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	219,940	...	...	2,763,105	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	61,335	...	...	733,355	...	...
30% to less than 100%	52,210	...	...	647,975	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	183,370	...	...	2,141,690	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	63.0	...	...	61.9	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	12.3	...	...	12.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,078	...	...	983	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,160	...	...	1,085	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	297,831	...	...	250,302	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	319,050	...	...	290,484	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	98,725	...	...	1,358,265	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	18.3	...	...	9.3	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	39.6	...	...	33.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	915	...	...	720	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	939	...	...	775	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	574,035	278,700	295,335	6,634,280	3,260,035	3,374,240
No certificate, diploma or degree	97,150	48,655	48,495	1,323,070	674,955	648,115
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	171,600	85,895	85,705	1,426,980	674,820	752,155
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	305,285	144,155	161,130	3,884,235	1,910,260	1,973,970
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	37,575	25,830	11,745	1,120,730	681,515	439,215
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	19,440	11,410	8,030	806,585	435,090	371,495
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	18,135	14,420	3,720	314,145	246,425	67,720
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	102,080	43,540	58,540	1,165,515	506,775	658,740
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	15,865	6,590	9,275	236,255	93,680	142,575
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	149,760	68,195	81,565	1,361,730	628,290	733,440
Bachelor's degree	105,610	46,600	59,010	872,060	384,275	487,790
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	11,470	4,985	6,485	118,955	54,255	64,695
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	4,685	2,655	2,030	39,045	19,865	19,185
Master's degree	23,210	10,915	12,300	281,215	139,280	141,935
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	4,780	3,035	1,740	50,455	30,615	19,840
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	380,465	186,840	193,625	4,371,935	2,167,810	2,204,125
No certificate, diploma or degree	38,440	21,505	16,935	580,635	323,880	256,750
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	100,890	52,665	48,225	808,955	396,620	412,330
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	241,135	112,670	128,465	2,982,345	1,447,305	1,535,040
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	25,880	17,905	7,975	866,595	513,575	353,015
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	13,490	8,080	5,410	631,795	330,140	301,655
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	12,390	9,825	2,565	234,800	183,440	51,360
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	79,425	34,595	44,835	832,430	367,185	465,245
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	11,845	4,965	6,875	167,025	67,530	99,495
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	123,985	55,205	68,775	1,116,300	499,010	617,290
Bachelor's degree	88,260	38,655	49,605	712,935	308,760	404,175
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	8,775	3,710	5,065	94,240	40,085	54,160
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	3,875	2,040	1,840	30,775	13,505	17,270
Master's degree	19,530	8,710	10,815	238,300	113,895	124,410
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	3,540	2,095	1,445	40,050	22,780	17,270
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	574,035	278,700	295,335	6,634,280	3,260,040	3,374,245
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	268,750	134,545	134,200	2,750,050	1,349,775	1,400,270
Education	25,525	6,930	18,605	273,320	62,470	210,845
13. Education	25,530	6,930	18,605	273,320	62,470	210,845
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	9,865	4,720	5,145	156,720	71,485	85,240
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	1,670	1,275	390	25,380	18,280	7,100
50. Visual and performing arts	8,200	3,445	4,750	131,340	53,200	78,140
Humanities	16,055	6,830	9,225	215,735	86,065	129,675
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	1,490	340	1,150	32,180	7,165	25,020
23. English language and literature/letters	3,190	910	2,280	12,900	4,060	8,835
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	5,030	2,110	2,920	103,120	42,685	60,435
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	50	20	30	880	395	485
38. Philosophy and religious studies	1,090	665	420	10,400	6,650	3,755
39. Theology and religious vocations	2,075	1,220	860	10,125	6,200	3,930
54. History	2,555	1,405	1,150	17,055	9,990	7,065
55. French language and literature/letters	570	150	420	29,070	8,920	20,155
Social and behavioural sciences and law	34,260	12,470	21,790	380,995	125,025	255,975
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	605	145	455	4,315	1,165	3,150
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	2,510	995	1,515	48,530	16,690	31,845
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	6,590	565	6,030	77,470	6,070	71,400
22. Legal professions and studies	5,180	1,910	3,265	67,185	25,785	41,395
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	725	210	520	9,905	2,035	7,870
42. Psychology	6,285	1,900	4,390	57,335	14,030	43,305
45. Social sciences	12,370	6,755	5,610	116,255	59,245	57,015
Business, management and public administration	64,250	25,795	38,460	879,190	321,450	557,740
30.16 Accounting and computer science	220	70	145	815	300	520
44. Public administration and social service professions	4,650	1,245	3,405	47,715	10,490	37,225
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	59,385	24,475	34,910	830,660	310,665	519,990
Physical and life sciences and technologies	12,290	6,255	6,035	140,990	76,780	64,215
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	5,225	2,355	2,875	49,705	20,900	28,805
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	3,265	1,750	1,515	23,210	13,865	9,350
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	360	60	300	21,890	10,810	11,080
40. Physical sciences	2,835	1,950	885	39,060	27,545	11,515
41. Science technologies/technicians	605	140	460	7,120	3,660	3,465
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	14,730	9,415	5,320	152,105	104,850	47,255
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	12,235	8,305	3,930	125,480	92,730	32,750
25. Library science	815	140	675	11,110	2,145	8,965
27. Mathematics and statistics	1,575	900	670	13,415	8,365	5,045
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	105	65	40	2,100	1,605	495
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	54,975	49,875	5,095	828,400	758,350	70,055
04. Architecture and related services	2,040	1,165	870	29,015	17,055	11,960
14. Engineering	13,115	10,910	2,205	150,450	124,585	25,865
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	11,005	9,915	1,090	150,640	135,445	15,195
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	60	20	40
46. Construction trades	10,240	10,065	170	185,385	179,995	5,390
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	12,815	12,345	470	184,280	178,510	5,770
48. Precision production	5,765	5,470	295	128,580	122,750	5,830
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	5,135	3,125	2,005	85,485	56,900	28,585
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	3,445	2,175	1,270	51,770	30,870	20,900
03. Natural resources and conservation	1,690	950	740	33,715	26,025	7,690
Health and related fields	52,925	11,585	41,335	480,230	95,450	384,780
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	2,680	1,285	1,395	27,955	14,675	13,280
51. Health professions and related programs	48,720	9,390	39,325	441,105	74,630	366,470
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	1,525	910	615	11,160	6,140	5,020
Personal, protective and transportation services	15,240	7,140	8,100	290,005	151,070	138,935
12. Personal and culinary services	9,575	2,580	7,000	164,595	43,720	120,875
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	50	45	0	290	270	20
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	130	125	0	1,345	1,245	100
43. Security and protective services	2,390	1,555	830	54,625	42,415	12,210
49. Transportation and materials moving	3,090	2,825	265	69,160	63,425	5,740
Other	30	10	15	1,055	375	680
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	30	10	20	1,055	375	675
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	380,460	186,840	193,625	4,371,935	2,167,805	2,204,130
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	139,330	74,165	65,160	1,389,585	720,500	669,085
Education	18,375	4,735	13,635	180,615	37,990	142,625
13. Education	18,375	4,740	13,635	180,615	37,990	142,625
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	7,895	3,780	4,115	122,045	55,575	66,475
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	1,310	970	335	19,510	13,740	5,770
50. Visual and performing arts	6,585	2,810	3,780	102,535	41,830	60,705
Humanities	12,315	5,215	7,095	138,330	54,580	83,750
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	1,275	295	980	25,220	5,455	19,765
23. English language and literature/letters	2,440	690	1,750	9,585	2,990	6,595
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	3,935	1,700	2,235	57,730	25,305	32,430
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	50	20	25	600	255	350
38. Philosophy and religious studies	865	510	350	6,980	4,415	2,570
39. Theology and religious vocations	1,530	890	640	5,415	3,380	2,035
54. History	1,795	985	805	12,235	7,140	5,095
55. French language and literature/letters	420	115	300	20,555	5,640	14,915
Social and behavioural sciences and law	27,930	9,790	18,140	301,550	95,120	206,430
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	505	130	380	3,550	925	2,620
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	2,095	810	1,285	40,275	13,900	26,370
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	5,305	405	4,900	63,120	4,295	58,825
22. Legal professions and studies	4,370	1,430	2,935	53,620	18,830	34,790
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	640	185	450	6,840	1,420	5,420
42. Psychology	4,875	1,380	3,500	44,540	10,255	34,285
45. Social sciences	10,145	5,450	4,695	89,610	45,495	44,110
Business, management and public administration	51,870	20,695	31,180	706,400	248,920	457,480
30.16 Accounting and computer science	190	70	120	615	215	400
44. Public administration and social service professions	3,655	885	2,770	38,320	7,835	30,485
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	48,025	19,735	28,290	667,470	240,870	426,600
Physical and life sciences and technologies	9,395	4,630	4,765	92,480	49,390	43,090
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	4,155	1,800	2,360	40,895	16,635	24,260
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	2,325	1,270	1,055	12,450	7,435	5,015
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	330	55	275	4,175	2,385	1,785
40. Physical sciences	2,170	1,415	750	29,705	20,255	9,445
41. Science technologies/technicians	420	95	325	5,255	2,675	2,580
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	12,745	8,260	4,490	132,750	91,865	40,885
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	10,930	7,445	3,490	112,715	83,240	29,470
25. Library science	535	110	425	8,720	1,665	7,055
27. Mathematics and statistics	1,200	660	540	9,725	5,815	3,915
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	85	45	35	1,585	1,150	440
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	42,535	38,130	4,405	639,185	577,845	61,335
04. Architecture and related services	1,725	985	735	24,260	13,870	10,385
14. Engineering	11,230	9,235	1,995	126,835	103,165	23,665
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	8,680	7,730	950	116,595	103,710	12,885
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	50	15	30
46. Construction trades	7,290	7,145	140	134,865	130,350	4,510
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	9,455	9,125	335	139,935	135,155	4,780
48. Precision production	4,150	3,905	250	96,655	91,580	5,075
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	4,080	2,400	1,680	69,865	45,215	24,655
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	2,640	1,615	1,025	41,755	23,965	17,795
03. Natural resources and conservation	1,435	785	650	28,110	21,250	6,860
Health and related fields	42,645	9,575	33,075	368,600	72,245	296,355
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	2,200	1,075	1,125	22,660	11,635	11,030
51. Health professions and related programs	39,245	7,835	31,410	337,320	56,510	280,810
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	1,200	665	535	8,620	4,110	4,510
Personal, protective and transportation services	11,340	5,455	5,890	229,640	118,260	111,375
12. Personal and culinary services	6,895	1,860	5,030	129,245	32,830	96,410
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	50	45	10	225	200	25
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	55	55	0	875	795	80
43. Security and protective services	1,910	1,250	660	42,550	32,575	9,975
49. Transportation and materials moving	2,435	2,230	200	56,750	51,860	4,890
Other	20	15	0	890	300	595
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	20	10	0	890	300	595
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	574,035	278,700	295,335	6,634,280	3,260,040	3,374,240
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	268,750	134,550	134,205	2,750,045	1,349,775	1,400,270
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	305,285	144,150	161,135	3,884,235	1,910,265	1,973,970
Location of study inside Canada	240,615	112,680	127,935	3,509,610	1,716,730	1,792,880
Same as province or territory of residence	211,540	98,165	113,380	3,367,195	1,642,930	1,724,270
Different than province or territory of residence	29,070	14,520	14,555	142,415	73,800	68,610
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	64,670	31,475	33,200	374,620	193,530	181,090
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	6,005	3,205	2,800	28,320	16,915	11,410
Philippines	23,735	10,395	13,340	12,515	3,600	8,920
India	8,920	4,555	4,370	6,805	3,660	3,150
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	2,690	1,565	1,130	11,250	6,535	4,715
China^{Census data footnote 162}	2,510	1,155	1,360	17,155	7,755	9,395
France	315	180	135	69,665	39,885	29,780
Other	20,495	10,420	10,075	228,905	115,185	113,725
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	380,460	186,840	193,620	4,371,935	2,167,810	2,204,130
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	139,325	74,170	65,160	1,389,590	720,505	669,085
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	241,135	112,670	128,465	2,982,350	1,447,305	1,535,045
Location of study inside Canada	186,005	86,415	99,590	2,676,230	1,293,455	1,382,780
Same as province or territory of residence	163,665	75,380	88,285	2,567,605	1,238,320	1,329,280
Different than province or territory of residence	22,340	11,040	11,300	108,630	55,125	53,500
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	55,130	26,255	28,875	306,115	153,850	152,265
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	4,050	1,975	2,075	19,655	11,145	8,505
Philippines	21,960	9,645	12,315	10,545	2,935	7,610
India	8,090	4,085	4,000	4,865	2,465	2,400
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	1,515	890	630	7,390	4,245	3,145
China^{Census data footnote 162}	2,305	1,040	1,260	15,420	6,865	8,550
France	275	155	115	57,315	32,115	25,205
Other	16,940	8,460	8,485	190,930	94,085	96,850
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	574,035	278,700	295,335	6,634,280	3,260,040	3,374,245
In the labour force	385,095	198,555	186,545	4,255,500	2,214,735	2,040,765
Employed	360,055	184,770	175,290	3,949,325	2,037,105	1,912,220
Unemployed	25,040	13,785	11,255	306,170	177,630	128,540
Not in the labour force	188,940	80,145	108,795	2,378,780	1,045,300	1,333,480
Participation rate	67.1	71.2	63.2	64.1	67.9	60.5
Employment rate	62.7	66.3	59.4	59.5	62.5	56.7
Unemployment rate	6.5	6.9	6.0	7.2	8.0	6.3
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	574,035	278,700	295,335	6,634,280	3,260,035	3,374,240
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	177,650	75,115	102,540	2,228,315	967,660	1,260,655
Worked	396,385	203,585	192,800	4,405,965	2,292,375	2,113,585
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	204,765	114,400	90,365	2,084,020	1,145,805	938,215
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	191,620	89,190	102,430	2,321,945	1,146,575	1,175,375
Average weeks worked in reference year	43.1	43.6	42.5	42.5	42.7	42.3
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	385,100	198,555	186,545	4,255,500	2,214,735	2,040,765
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	7,685	3,615	4,070	101,485	51,640	49,850
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	377,410	194,940	182,470	4,154,015	2,163,095	1,990,915
Employee	347,530	175,945	171,585	3,664,920	1,863,740	1,801,185
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	29,880	19,000	10,890	489,090	299,355	189,730
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	385,095	198,555	186,540	4,255,500	2,214,735	2,040,765
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	7,680	3,615	4,070	101,490	51,640	49,850
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	377,410	194,940	182,475	4,154,010	2,163,095	1,990,915
0 Management occupations	35,300	21,385	13,920	418,450	263,585	154,875
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	61,705	19,630	42,080	677,390	210,525	466,865
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	24,495	19,430	5,065	286,270	222,375	63,895
3 Health occupations	32,270	7,735	24,530	295,765	57,160	238,610
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	51,015	17,170	33,845	502,945	147,145	355,795
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	10,565	4,735	5,830	135,730	64,370	71,365
6 Sales and service occupations	91,005	41,530	49,475	988,610	449,820	538,790
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	50,180	47,655	2,525	574,675	544,100	30,570
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	3,640	2,995	640	67,290	55,610	11,685
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	17,235	12,685	4,550	206,875	148,405	58,475
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	385,100	198,555	186,545	4,255,495	2,214,735	2,040,765
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	7,685	3,615	4,070	101,490	51,635	49,850
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	377,410	194,940	182,475	4,154,010	2,163,095	1,990,915
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	2,450	1,575	870	84,060	60,460	23,595
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	625	500	125	20,920	18,175	2,745
22 Utilities	3,675	2,650	1,025	28,410	20,650	7,755
23 Construction	23,770	21,125	2,640	254,055	223,770	30,285
31-33 Manufacturing	32,975	24,455	8,520	458,315	332,080	126,240
41 Wholesale trade	13,640	9,725	3,915	157,365	104,885	52,475
44-45 Retail trade	42,075	20,635	21,435	508,170	239,625	268,545
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	21,360	16,985	4,375	187,550	142,550	45,000
51 Information and cultural industries	7,955	4,615	3,335	100,775	59,705	41,070
52 Finance and insurance	18,205	7,345	10,865	165,140	66,175	98,965
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	5,690	3,235	2,455	61,380	36,505	24,875
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	20,605	11,215	9,390	288,715	161,030	127,685
55 Management of companies and enterprises	500	200	295	3,305	1,270	2,035
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	15,160	8,875	6,290	176,185	108,280	67,905
61 Educational services	32,030	10,935	21,100	306,575	96,170	210,405
62 Health care and social assistance	55,935	12,595	43,340	532,680	99,380	433,295
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	8,550	4,410	4,140	84,130	44,235	39,895
72 Accommodation and food services	28,680	12,415	16,270	278,500	123,235	155,265
81 Other services (except public administration)	16,435	7,480	8,960	193,700	89,455	104,245
91 Public administration	27,095	13,970	13,120	264,085	135,455	128,630
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	360,055	184,775	175,285	3,949,325	2,037,105	1,912,220
Worked at home	14,985	7,450	7,535	266,285	134,325	131,960
Worked outside Canada	1,265	825	440	10,600	7,580	3,020
No fixed workplace address	35,115	26,160	8,955	351,595	265,405	86,185
Worked at usual place	308,690	150,335	158,355	3,320,850	1,629,795	1,691,050
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	308,695	150,335	158,355	3,320,845	1,629,795	1,691,050
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	289,705	138,070	151,630	1,732,155	810,895	921,260
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	2,655	1,475	1,175	485,450	234,700	250,750
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	15,130	10,025	5,105	1,037,125	549,095	488,030
Commute to a different province or territory	1,205	765	440	66,125	35,110	31,015
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	343,805	176,495	167,310	3,672,445	1,895,200	1,777,240
Car, truck, van - as a driver	240,975	134,995	105,980	2,739,405	1,475,775	1,263,625
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	25,275	7,540	17,740	133,760	51,045	82,715
Public transit	51,060	20,525	30,535	503,285	217,465	285,820
Walked	16,725	7,275	9,455	205,350	93,595	111,760
Bicycle	6,205	4,275	1,935	54,625	36,470	18,155
Other method	3,560	1,890	1,675	36,010	20,845	15,170
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	343,805	176,495	167,310	3,672,440	1,895,200	1,777,240
Less than 15 minutes	77,860	36,090	41,765	1,035,455	493,225	542,235
15 to 29 minutes	149,890	77,975	71,915	1,200,455	617,010	583,445
30 to 44 minutes	81,270	44,080	37,190	777,955	425,640	352,310
45 to 59 minutes	21,050	11,055	9,990	343,540	184,440	159,100
60 minutes and over	13,735	7,280	6,450	315,035	174,875	140,160
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	343,805	176,490	167,310	3,672,440	1,895,205	1,777,240
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	14,770	10,280	4,495	256,150	192,835	63,315
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	59,680	35,850	23,830	675,585	420,120	255,465
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	101,625	51,405	50,225	1,133,510	527,925	605,580
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	70,675	30,275	40,400	714,935	296,300	418,630
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	34,820	15,325	19,495	349,845	148,715	201,125
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	62,235	33,365	28,875	542,425	309,295	233,125
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	409,300	209,680	199,620	4,529,770	2,352,115	2,177,655
Single responses	403,715	206,830	196,880	4,187,865	2,169,480	2,018,385
Official languages	399,810	204,725	195,085	4,153,710	2,152,290	2,001,420
English	395,805	203,420	192,385	541,720	294,935	246,780
French	4,005	1,305	2,695	3,611,990	1,857,350	1,754,640
Non-official languages	3,905	2,105	1,795	34,160	17,190	16,970
Aboriginal languages	75	30	45	12,670	6,180	6,490
Algonquian languages	70	30	40	8,350	4,095	4,260
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	25	15	10	8,285	4,060	4,220
Atikamekw	0	0	0	1,100	580	515
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	1,800	840	960
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	210	105	100
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	35	20	15
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	20	15	10	5,145	2,515	2,630
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	30	20	10
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	25	20	10
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	45	15	30	45	15	25
Algonquin	0	0	0	45	20	30
Ojibway	35	10	25	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	10	10	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	10	4,305	2,080	2,220
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	10	4,290	2,075	2,215
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	15	0	15
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	10	0	15
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	10
Non-Aboriginal languages	3,830	2,075	1,750	21,490	11,005	10,480
Afro-Asiatic languages	285	155	130	1,895	1,125	775
Berber languages	0	0	0	35	10	30
Kabyle	0	0	0	15	0	20
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	0	10
Cushitic languages	30	10	15	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	30	10	15	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	255	145	110	1,860	1,110	745
Amharic	20	0	15	0	0	0
Arabic	95	60	35	1,715	1,045	665
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	10	0	10
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	115	50	65	140	70	70
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	25	25	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	10	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	130	30	95	1,725	850	870
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	315	140	175
Vietnamese	125	30	95	1,410	710	695
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	430	205	220	135	65	70
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	10	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	10	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	10
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	420	200	220	115	50	60
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	275	90	190
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	10	0	10
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	265	90	175
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	10	150	75	75
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	10	0	10	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	145	75	70
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	10
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Indo-European languages	1,455	870	585	10,165	5,255	4,910
Albanian	0	0	0	30	20	10
Armenian	0	0	0	275	130	145
Balto-Slavic languages	315	150	165	1,130	500	635
Baltic languages	0	0	0	15	0	10
Latvian	0	0	0	15	10	10
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	10	0
Slavic languages	320	155	165	1,115	495	625
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	10	10	0	10	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	55	20	30
Croatian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Czech	0	0	0	10	0	10
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	45	25	15	170	65	105
Russian	170	90	80	735	340	395
Serbian	10	10	0	10	15	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	85	30	55	110	35	75
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	55	35	20	1,285	575	715
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	15	10	0
Dutch	0	0	0	25	10	15
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	50	30	20	370	170	195
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	10	0	15	10	10
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	860	375	485
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	525	260	270
Indo-Iranian languages	700	460	240	1,385	780	600
Indo-Aryan languages	645	430	215	680	390	295
Bengali	20	0	10	110	70	35
Gujarati	0	0	0	20	0	10
Hindi	30	30	0	35	20	15
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	10	0	0	20	0	10
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	585	390	190	415	225	190
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	10	0	10	85	50	35
Iranian languages	55	35	25	700	395	305
Kurdish	10	0	0	15	0	15
Pashto	0	0	0	10	0	15
Persian (Farsi)	50	25	20	675	385	285
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	380	220	160	5,525	2,990	2,540
Catalan	0	0	0	15	0	15
Italian	10	0	10	590	315	275
Portuguese	305	195	110	635	365	270
Romanian	0	0	0	320	140	175
Spanish	60	15	45	3,975	2,165	1,810
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	235	80	150
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Georgian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Korean	280	140	140	300	150	150
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	15	15	0	45	25	20
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	10	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	10	10	0	10	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	25	20	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	10	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	10
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	175	65	115	205	60	140
American Sign Language	130	50	75	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	125	20	110
Sign languages, n.i.e	50	15	35	70	45	30
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,035	585	450	6,070	3,125	2,945
Chinese languages	1,025	580	445	6,075	3,130	2,950
Cantonese	635	350	285	2,655	1,325	1,330
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	385	225	165	3,100	1,630	1,465
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	70	40	30
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	15	10	10
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	0	0	235	130	110
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	10	0	0	0
Burmese	10	10	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	20	10	10	110	40	75
Lao	15	0	0	55	25	30
Thai	10	10	0	55	10	40
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	110	60	50
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	110	55	55
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	40	10	40
Estonian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	35	0	35
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Multiple responses	5,590	2,845	2,740	341,900	182,635	159,265
English and French	1,670	745	925	315,620	169,365	146,255
English and non-official language	3,875	2,090	1,785	6,545	3,655	2,890
French and non-official language	10	0	10	7,525	3,460	4,065
English, French and non-official language	30	10	25	12,205	6,160	6,055
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	409,300	209,680	199,620	4,529,770	2,352,110	2,177,655
None	382,965	197,510	185,455	3,107,035	1,588,345	1,518,690
English	4,535	1,755	2,775	1,031,380	555,940	475,440
French	8,590	3,620	4,970	317,490	169,785	147,705
Non-official language	12,935	6,640	6,290	49,850	25,900	23,950
Aboriginal	375	140	235	4,985	2,285	2,705
Non-Aboriginal	12,555	6,500	6,055	44,865	23,620	21,245
English and French	0	0	0	2,185	1,040	1,140
English and non-official language	35	35	0	14,910	7,255	7,655
French and non-official language	230	115	115	6,855	3,795	3,055
English, French and non-official language	10	10	0	65	50	20
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	685,370	335,890	349,480	7,880,315	3,897,740	3,982,575
Non-movers	584,855	285,980	298,875	6,965,520	3,447,320	3,518,195
Movers	100,515	49,910	50,605	914,800	450,420	464,380
Non-migrants	75,540	37,385	38,155	547,410	269,850	277,560
Migrants	24,975	12,530	12,450	367,385	180,565	186,820
Internal migrants	12,940	6,575	6,365	305,465	149,335	156,135
Intraprovincial migrants	6,755	3,290	3,465	284,280	137,945	146,330
Interprovincial migrants	6,180	3,280	2,895	21,190	11,385	9,805
External migrants	12,040	5,955	6,085	61,920	31,235	30,685
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	653,850	319,485	334,365	7,520,960	3,714,155	3,806,805
Non-movers	382,145	185,850	196,300	4,825,870	2,388,805	2,437,065
Movers	271,710	133,640	138,070	2,695,090	1,325,345	1,369,740
Non-migrants	183,710	89,930	93,780	1,507,665	741,220	766,440
Migrants	87,995	43,705	44,290	1,187,425	584,125	603,295
Internal migrants	35,125	17,300	17,825	949,170	464,830	484,340
Intraprovincial migrants	18,760	9,070	9,695	893,800	436,525	457,270
Interprovincial migrants	16,360	8,230	8,130	55,370	28,300	27,070
External migrants	52,875	26,410	26,465	238,250	119,295	118,960

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Return to footnote 181 referrer

Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Winnipeg [Economic region], Manitoba and Quebec [Province] (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 14, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Winnipeg [Economic region], Manitoba and Quebec [Province]

Census Profile, 2016 Census Winnipeg [Economic region], Manitoba and Quebec [Province]

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Winnipeg [Economic region], Manitoba and Quebec [Province]