Census Profile, 2016 Census
Calgary [Economic region], Alberta and Quebec [Province]

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Calgary Alberta [Economic region]			Quebec [Province]
	Data quality , Calgary [Economic region], Alberta Map : Calgary [Economic region], Alberta Change geography 1			Data quality : Quebec [Province] Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	1,498,778	...	...	8,164,361	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	1,311,022	...	...	7,903,001	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	14.3	...	...	3.3	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	586,269	...	...	3,858,943	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	558,912	...	...	3,531,663	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	118.4	...	...	6.0	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	12,655.32	...	...	1,356,625.27	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	1,498,780	748,135	750,645	8,164,360	4,016,760	4,147,605
0 to 14 years	282,185	144,865	137,315	1,333,260	682,535	650,720
0 to 4 years	95,040	48,775	46,265	444,930	227,965	216,970
5 to 9 years	99,260	51,185	48,075	469,165	240,225	228,940
10 to 14 years	87,885	44,910	42,970	419,160	214,345	204,815
15 to 64 years	1,046,735	524,780	521,950	5,335,910	2,664,630	2,671,280
15 to 19 years	86,255	44,360	41,895	429,825	219,070	210,755
20 to 24 years	92,120	46,840	45,280	500,100	252,600	247,500
25 to 29 years	114,365	56,710	57,650	495,410	248,030	247,380
30 to 34 years	127,480	63,375	64,105	515,505	256,440	259,070
35 to 39 years	119,905	59,425	60,480	550,540	274,595	275,945
40 to 44 years	112,645	56,350	56,295	506,525	254,100	252,425
45 to 49 years	106,295	53,715	52,580	519,425	260,410	259,015
50 to 54 years	105,920	52,935	52,985	619,435	309,070	310,370
55 to 59 years	100,975	50,550	50,425	636,475	314,190	322,285
60 to 64 years	80,780	40,515	40,265	562,670	276,140	286,535
65 years and over	169,860	78,485	91,380	1,495,195	669,590	825,605
65 to 69 years	61,145	30,045	31,095	488,175	236,395	251,775
70 to 74 years	39,505	19,050	20,460	373,590	176,905	196,690
75 to 79 years	27,720	12,690	15,025	256,905	116,020	140,890
80 to 84 years	20,655	9,115	11,545	187,835	78,390	109,450
85 years and over	20,835	7,580	13,255	188,685	61,885	126,805
85 to 89 years	13,330	5,315	8,010	120,635	43,795	76,840
90 to 94 years	5,765	1,850	3,920	53,165	15,155	38,015
95 to 99 years	1,550	390	1,155	13,035	2,685	10,350
100 years and over	190	25	165	1,850	255	1,600
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	18.8	19.4	18.3	16.3	17.0	15.7
15 to 64 years	69.8	70.1	69.5	65.4	66.3	64.4
65 years and over	11.3	10.5	12.2	18.3	16.7	19.9
85 years and over	1.4	1.0	1.8	2.3	1.5	3.1
Average age of the population	37.6	37.0	38.2	41.9	40.9	42.9
Median age of the population	36.9	36.4	37.3	42.5	41.4	43.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	558,915	...	...	3,531,660	...	...
Single-detached house	332,700	...	...	1,602,680	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	32,930	...	...	187,800	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	188,785	...	...	1,717,680	...	...
Semi-detached house	35,590	...	...	188,245	...	...
Row house	51,045	...	...	93,350	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	22,530	...	...	265,195	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	79,225	...	...	1,154,955	...	...
Other single-attached house	390	...	...	15,940	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	4,495	...	...	23,505	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	558,910	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
1 person	129,770	...	...	1,175,230	...	...
2 persons	184,450	...	...	1,227,765	...	...
3 persons	93,645	...	...	489,460	...	...
4 persons	92,375	...	...	426,250	...	...
5 or more persons	58,675	...	...	212,960	...	...
Number of persons in private households	1,478,555	...	...	7,965,455	...	...
Average household size	2.6	...	...	2.3	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	1,216,595	603,265	613,325	6,831,105	3,334,220	3,496,885
Married or living common law	734,335	368,070	366,260	3,844,145	1,924,750	1,919,395
Married	624,865	313,190	311,680	2,342,980	1,172,720	1,170,260
Living common law	109,470	54,885	54,585	1,501,160	752,025	749,135
Not married and not living common law	482,260	235,195	247,065	2,986,960	1,409,475	1,577,490
Never married	337,555	185,145	152,405	2,010,580	1,084,300	926,280
Separated	26,700	11,680	15,020	103,625	46,390	57,240
Divorced	72,910	28,785	44,125	483,195	194,430	288,760
Widowed	45,105	9,580	35,520	389,555	84,345	305,210
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	413,085	...	...	2,257,560	...	...
2 persons	191,425	...	...	1,204,955	...	...
3 persons	90,865	...	...	466,310	...	...
4 persons	91,735	...	...	412,160	...	...
5 or more persons	39,055	...	...	174,140	...	...
Average size of census families	3.0	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	413,080	...	...	2,257,560	...	...
Total couple families	357,160	...	...	1,878,095	...	...
Married couples	302,435	...	...	1,128,355	...	...
Common-law couples	54,725	...	...	749,740	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	55,920	...	...	379,460	...	...
Female parent	43,285	...	...	284,900	...	...
Male parent	12,635	...	...	94,565	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	357,160	...	...	1,878,095	...	...
Couples without children	157,250	...	...	970,260	...	...
Couples with children	199,910	...	...	907,840	...	...
1 child	74,735	...	...	356,640	...	...
2 children	87,540	...	...	384,875	...	...
3 or more children	37,635	...	...	166,315	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	55,920	...	...	379,465	...	...
1 child	34,170	...	...	234,695	...	...
2 children	16,130	...	...	109,670	...	...
3 or more children	5,615	...	...	35,100	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	247,585	126,830	120,755	1,579,070	775,765	803,305
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	558,915	...	...	3,531,660	...	...
One-census-family households	381,910	...	...	2,197,340	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	144,410	...	...	947,305	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	237,495	...	...	1,250,040	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	15,020	...	...	29,595	...	...
Non-census-family households	161,985	...	...	1,304,725	...	...
One-person households	129,765	...	...	1,175,230	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	32,215	...	...	129,500	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	1,486,605	742,335	744,265	8,066,560	3,977,275	4,089,285
English only	1,349,125	680,435	668,695	372,445	187,595	184,860
French only	1,290	570	725	4,032,640	1,874,545	2,158,095
English and French	105,815	48,875	56,940	3,586,410	1,884,135	1,702,275
Neither English nor French	30,370	12,455	17,915	75,065	31,000	44,060
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	1,486,605	742,340	744,265	8,066,555	3,977,270	4,089,285
English	1,426,355	714,785	711,575	964,120	482,985	481,135
French	22,625	11,525	11,110	6,750,945	3,320,380	3,430,560
English and French	7,905	3,905	4,000	278,710	144,060	134,655
Neither English nor French	29,705	12,130	17,575	72,775	29,845	42,930
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	26,580	13,475	13,105	1,103,480	555,015	548,465
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	1.8	1.8	1.8	13.7	14.0	13.4
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	1,486,600	742,335	744,270	8,066,555	3,977,270	4,089,285
Single responses	1,445,390	722,285	723,100	7,881,650	3,884,675	3,996,975
Official languages	1,053,870	533,245	520,620	6,820,815	3,366,970	3,453,845
English	1,031,835	522,030	509,805	601,155	301,860	299,300
French	22,035	11,215	10,815	6,219,665	3,065,115	3,154,550
Non-official languages	391,520	189,040	202,480	1,060,830	517,700	543,125
Aboriginal languages	1,160	480	685	45,570	22,530	23,040
Algonquian languages	555	215	340	33,140	16,365	16,770
Blackfoot	245	95	150	5	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	235	100	140	31,430	15,575	15,855
Atikamekw	0	0	0	6,150	3,135	3,015
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	8,715	4,155	4,555
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	5	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	590	285	305
Northern East Cree	5	0	5	135	55	80
Plains Cree	55	20	35	5	0	5
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	35	15	15
Swampy Cree	10	5	10	5	5	0
Woods Cree	10	0	10	10	5	5
Cree, n.o.s.	155	75	85	15,790	7,920	7,875
Eastern Algonquian languages	10	5	5	485	225	260
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	10	5	5	485	220	260
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	65	15	50	1,215	565	645
Algonquin	0	5	0	1,185	555	630
Ojibway	60	15	45	20	10	15
Oji-Cree	5	0	0	5	0	5
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	5
Athabaskan languages	105	35	70	15	10	5
Northern Athabaskan languages	105	35	70	15	10	5
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	5	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	20	10	15	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	5	0	5	0	0	0
Gwich'in	5	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	70	25	45	5	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	5	0
Slavey-Hare languages	5	0	5	10	5	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	5	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	25	10	15	11,970	5,955	6,015
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	5	0	5	0	0	0
Inuktitut	5	0	5	11,895	5,925	5,970
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	75	25	45
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	375	165	210
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	5	365	160	210
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	5
Kutenai	0	0	5	0	0	0
Michif	15	5	10	5	5	0
Salish languages	0	5	5	5	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	5	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	5	0
Siouan languages	435	195	235	0	0	0
Dakota	30	5	15	0	0	0
Stoney	405	185	220	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	5	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	5	0	5	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	25	10	10	65	30	35
Non-Aboriginal languages	390,360	188,565	201,795	1,015,260	495,175	520,090
Afro-Asiatic languages	29,825	15,660	14,170	197,535	104,185	93,355
Berber languages	140	80	65	20,845	11,125	9,720
Kabyle	65	35	35	12,470	6,625	5,840
Berber languages, n.i.e.	75	45	25	8,375	4,500	3,875
Cushitic languages	2,475	1,230	1,245	1,125	545	580
Bilen	50	30	20	10	10	5
Oromo	955	490	460	15	10	5
Somali	1,465	705	755	1,075	515	560
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	30	20	10
Semitic languages	27,160	14,315	12,845	175,215	92,310	82,900
Amharic	4,075	1,970	2,105	745	340	405
Arabic	19,105	10,260	8,840	169,890	89,590	80,300
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	295	155	135	150	80	70
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	85	40	45	15	10	5
Harari	75	40	35	0	5	5
Hebrew	515	255	255	3,885	2,040	1,845
Maltese	35	15	15	25	10	15
Tigrigna	2,765	1,465	1,300	385	185	205
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	210	105	110	110	60	50
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	45	25	15	355	200	155
Austro-Asiatic languages	14,520	6,780	7,735	36,305	17,030	19,275
Khmer (Cambodian)	905	435	475	8,855	4,105	4,750
Vietnamese	13,605	6,345	7,260	27,425	12,920	14,505
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	10	0	5	25	10	15
Austronesian languages	50,005	21,680	28,330	21,635	7,800	13,835
Bikol	235	110	125	115	35	80
Cebuano	2,115	900	1,210	885	270	610
Fijian	45	30	20	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	720	295	430	410	125	275
Ilocano	2,645	1,150	1,490	2,060	745	1,315
Malagasy	25	5	15	1,250	590	660
Malay	810	345	465	705	265	440
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	280	135	140	205	90	110
Pangasinan	130	55	80	95	40	50
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	42,355	18,370	23,985	15,545	5,480	10,065
Waray-Waray	155	70	80	50	10	40
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	495	210	290	320	140	180
Creole languages	640	325	315	56,990	25,220	31,770
Haitian Creole	25	15	10	2,220	1,055	1,170
Creole, n.o.s.	435	210	220	53,785	23,675	30,110
Creole languages, n.i.e.	185	100	90	980	490	490
Dravidian languages	5,305	2,760	2,540	14,865	7,435	7,430
Kannada	290	140	145	240	130	110
Malayalam	2,150	1,105	1,045	440	235	205
Tamil	1,880	990	885	13,600	6,715	6,880
Telugu	960	510	450	570	345	230
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	30	15	10	15	10	5
Hmong-Mien languages	90	45	45	25	10	15
Indo-European languages	192,900	95,565	97,335	553,045	269,625	283,420
Albanian	1,370	725	645	2,795	1,420	1,370
Armenian	255	135	120	16,430	7,970	8,460
Balto-Slavic languages	32,225	15,080	17,140	68,155	30,960	37,195
Baltic languages	545	260	285	850	335	515
Latvian	195	95	100	290	120	175
Lithuanian	345	165	185	555	215	340
Slavic languages	31,680	14,820	16,855	67,310	30,630	36,675
Belarusan	25	10	15	80	45	35
Bosnian	870	435	435	1,620	805	815
Bulgarian	955	485	470	6,985	3,385	3,600
Croatian	2,145	1,060	1,080	2,330	1,165	1,170
Czech	1,580	740	840	1,465	690	775
Macedonian	160	80	85	205	105	95
Polish	8,375	3,945	4,430	13,935	6,065	7,865
Russian	9,745	4,390	5,355	28,565	12,715	15,850
Serbian	1,900	950	955	3,140	1,590	1,545
Serbo-Croatian	530	255	270	1,805	865	940
Slovak	1,220	600	615	1,040	455	585
Slovene (Slovenian)	285	125	165	755	350	405
Ukrainian	3,820	1,700	2,120	5,210	2,285	2,920
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	70	40	25	175	90	85
Celtic languages	145	75	70	155	95	60
Scottish Gaelic	55	25	30	20	15	10
Welsh	70	35	30	40	20	20
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	20	10	5	90	55	30
Germanic languages	21,420	10,380	11,045	27,540	13,280	14,260
Afrikaans	1,115	535	580	125	60	65
Danish	975	515	465	395	190	200
Dutch	4,740	2,350	2,390	2,825	1,395	1,430
Frisian	60	25	30	10	10	0
German	13,655	6,555	7,100	13,670	6,340	7,330
Icelandic	70	40	30	65	30	35
Norwegian	270	110	160	200	100	100
Swedish	320	145	180	555	255	300
Vlaams (Flemish)	125	60	60	540	240	300
Yiddish	80	40	40	8,985	4,560	4,420
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	175	100	75
Greek	1,620	815	805	38,635	19,435	19,205
Indo-Iranian languages	92,235	46,740	45,490	76,040	39,205	36,835
Indo-Aryan languages	79,125	39,910	39,215	45,845	23,875	21,970
Bengali	4,165	2,130	2,030	10,995	5,620	5,380
Gujarati	5,625	2,840	2,790	6,070	2,980	3,090
Hindi	7,440	3,795	3,645	3,030	1,635	1,390
Kashmiri	85	45	40	20	15	5
Konkani	170	90	85	110	60	55
Marathi	845	435	415	255	145	110
Nepali	1,960	1,035	925	1,505	740	765
Oriya (Odia)	100	55	45	35	20	15
Punjabi (Panjabi)	39,010	19,625	19,385	12,380	6,720	5,660
Sindhi	1,750	820	925	330	160	165
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	985	485	500	645	310	330
Urdu	16,995	8,565	8,430	10,470	5,460	5,010
Iranian languages	12,150	6,325	5,820	29,760	15,105	14,655
Kurdish	755	400	355	985	550	430
Pashto	1,645	845	805	1,285	680	610
Persian (Farsi)	9,750	5,085	4,670	27,490	13,875	13,615
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	960	500	460	440	225	210
Italic (Romance) languages	43,630	21,615	22,020	323,290	157,260	166,030
Catalan	45	20	30	320	170	150
Italian	5,550	2,845	2,705	104,600	51,705	52,895
Portuguese	3,760	1,795	1,965	36,770	17,735	19,035
Romanian	4,850	2,485	2,365	35,840	17,170	18,665
Spanish	29,410	14,465	14,950	145,635	70,405	75,235
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	10	5	125	75	50
Japanese	2,460	855	1,605	2,525	775	1,750
Kartvelian languages	130	75	55	170	80	85
Georgian	135	75	55	170	80	90
Korean	9,345	4,345	5,000	5,160	2,270	2,890
Mongolic languages	450	210	240	190	75	115
Mongolian	450	210	240	195	80	115
Niger-Congo languages	5,960	3,055	2,905	28,355	14,360	13,995
Akan (Twi)	705	370	335	1,050	520	525
Bamanankan	15	10	5	1,200	655	545
Edo	105	65	40	75	45	30
Ewe	65	35	25	730	400	325
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	80	45	35	2,055	1,080	970
Ga	70	35	35	80	40	40
Ganda	40	15	25	35	15	20
Igbo	710	380	330	120	70	50
Lingala	85	40	50	2,465	1,185	1,285
Rundi (Kirundi)	155	75	75	3,345	1,600	1,745
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	125	65	65	2,500	1,115	1,380
Shona	320	155	165	85	45	40
Swahili	805	390	415	3,010	1,460	1,545
Wolof	115	65	50	3,230	1,745	1,485
Yoruba	1,445	760	685	255	155	100
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	1,130	555	570	8,135	4,235	3,895
Nilo-Saharan languages	1,520	750	765	345	180	165
Dinka	730	370	365	5	5	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	785	380	405	335	170	165
Sign languages	275	155	115	1,330	700	630
American Sign Language	105	55	45	65	35	30
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	670	330	340
Sign languages, n.i.e	165	100	70	595	340	255
Sino-Tibetan languages	69,430	32,670	36,765	76,840	35,775	41,065
Chinese languages	68,185	32,050	36,135	76,490	35,600	40,895
Cantonese	34,315	16,125	18,195	24,375	11,505	12,875
Hakka	345	160	185	470	215	260
Mandarin	28,840	13,595	15,250	43,700	20,175	23,525
Min Dong	45	20	25	20	10	15
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	1,720	765	955	3,225	1,480	1,745
Wu (Shanghainese)	380	175	205	1,075	465	605
Chinese, n.o.s.	2,530	1,215	1,320	3,535	1,710	1,825
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	90	40	45
Tibeto-Burman languages	1,245	615	630	345	175	170
Burmese	270	135	130	80	30	50
Karenic languages	285	135	150	70	40	30
Tibetan	550	280	265	110	65	50
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	150	65	80	85	45	40
Tai-Kadai languages	1,150	405	740	4,895	2,185	2,710
Lao	485	220	270	4,115	1,995	2,120
Thai	655	185	470	765	180	585
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	10	0	5	10	5	10
Turkic languages	1,785	980	805	7,980	4,095	3,880
Azerbaijani	240	135	105	290	160	130
Turkish	1,270	720	555	7,155	3,685	3,470
Uyghur	60	30	30	205	100	105
Uzbek	75	35	35	145	70	75
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	140	60	80	185	80	105
Uralic languages	4,225	2,040	2,190	6,400	2,985	3,410
Estonian	95	50	50	195	75	120
Finnish	345	135	215	360	125	240
Hungarian	3,785	1,855	1,930	5,835	2,790	3,045
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	5
Other languages, n.i.e.	335	205	135	685	385	300
Multiple responses	41,220	20,050	21,165	184,905	92,600	92,310
English and French	3,800	1,805	1,995	72,395	36,695	35,695
English and non-official language	35,525	17,340	18,185	27,485	13,545	13,945
French and non-official language	1,075	560	520	67,075	33,110	33,970
English, French and non-official language	815	345	470	17,950	9,245	8,705
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	1,486,600	742,340	744,265	8,066,560	3,977,270	4,089,285
Single responses	1,398,035	699,095	698,940	7,743,740	3,819,315	3,924,425
Official languages	1,173,950	589,590	584,360	7,157,850	3,536,165	3,621,685
English	1,164,955	585,005	579,945	782,185	391,125	391,060
French	8,995	4,580	4,415	6,375,665	3,145,040	3,230,625
Non-official languages	224,085	109,505	114,580	585,890	283,150	302,735
Aboriginal languages	465	230	235	40,190	20,205	19,980
Algonquian languages	145	75	65	28,695	14,385	14,310
Blackfoot	65	35	30	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	75	45	30	28,110	14,105	14,005
Atikamekw	0	0	0	5,465	2,825	2,640
Montagnais (Innu)	0	5	0	7,375	3,590	3,790
Moose Cree	0	0	0	5	5	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	590	295	290
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	60	30	30
Plains Cree	10	5	0	5	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	15	5	10
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	5	5	5
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	5	0
Cree, n.o.s.	60	30	30	14,590	7,355	7,235
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	220	115	110
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	220	110	105
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	0	5	370	170	200
Algonquin	0	0	0	360	165	195
Ojibway	5	0	5	5	5	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	15	5	10	0	0	5
Northern Athabaskan languages	15	10	10	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	5	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	5	5	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	10	5	5	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	11,375	5,770	5,615
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	5	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	11,350	5,750	5,600
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	20	15	10
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	70	35	35
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	70	35	30
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Kutenai	5	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	5	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	5	5	5
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Siouan languages	290	145	150	0	0	0
Dakota	15	5	10	0	0	0
Stoney	275	140	140	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	10	5	5	35	10	25
Non-Aboriginal languages	223,620	109,275	114,345	545,695	262,940	282,755
Afro-Asiatic languages	18,360	9,370	8,995	91,660	46,550	45,110
Berber languages	65	35	30	7,495	3,895	3,605
Kabyle	30	15	15	5,105	2,660	2,450
Berber languages, n.i.e.	35	20	15	2,390	1,235	1,150
Cushitic languages	1,650	805	845	535	240	295
Bilen	45	25	25	5	0	5
Oromo	715	355	360	5	0	0
Somali	890	425	460	520	230	290
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	5	5	5
Semitic languages	16,630	8,520	8,110	83,520	42,365	41,160
Amharic	2,730	1,310	1,415	340	150	185
Arabic	11,095	5,735	5,360	81,105	41,150	39,955
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	205	105	100	95	50	45
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	80	40	40	10	0	5
Harari	50	25	25	5	0	5
Hebrew	260	130	125	1,705	880	825
Maltese	5	0	5	0	0	0
Tigrigna	2,060	1,095	965	205	95	105
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	150	75	70	60	25	35
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	105	50	55
Austro-Asiatic languages	9,420	4,430	4,990	24,980	11,675	13,305
Khmer (Cambodian)	460	225	235	5,180	2,370	2,805
Vietnamese	8,965	4,205	4,760	19,790	9,295	10,495
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	5	0	0	15	5	10
Austronesian languages	26,625	12,475	14,150	9,715	3,960	5,750
Bikol	45	25	25	15	5	10
Cebuano	895	425	470	230	100	125
Fijian	20	10	5	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	215	100	120	130	55	75
Ilocano	1,060	500	560	740	305	435
Malagasy	10	5	10	360	185	170
Malay	235	125	110	175	85	95
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	65	35	35	60	30	30
Pangasinan	15	5	10	10	5	10
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	23,855	11,160	12,695	7,905	3,150	4,760
Waray-Waray	60	25	30	15	10	10
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	150	60	85	75	35	35
Creole languages	290	150	145	20,705	8,780	11,925
Haitian Creole	5	5	0	855	380	475
Creole, n.o.s.	220	110	105	19,405	8,200	11,210
Creole languages, n.i.e.	65	30	35	440	200	240
Dravidian languages	3,215	1,630	1,580	11,400	5,595	5,805
Kannada	120	65	55	150	85	65
Malayalam	1,310	665	650	200	100	100
Tamil	1,205	605	600	10,720	5,215	5,500
Telugu	565	295	275	330	190	135
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	20	10	15	10	5	5
Hmong-Mien languages	60	25	35	15	5	5
Indo-European languages	104,460	51,975	52,490	303,215	146,100	157,115
Albanian	625	340	285	1,615	795	820
Armenian	110	55	55	11,990	5,680	6,310
Balto-Slavic languages	14,095	6,895	7,200	40,405	19,085	21,325
Baltic languages	240	130	110	190	80	105
Latvian	85	50	40	75	40	40
Lithuanian	150	80	75	115	40	70
Slavic languages	13,860	6,765	7,090	40,220	19,000	21,220
Belarusan	5	0	0	25	15	15
Bosnian	395	200	195	965	475	495
Bulgarian	485	250	235	5,125	2,495	2,630
Croatian	750	370	380	1,015	475	545
Czech	450	220	230	460	220	240
Macedonian	85	40	40	130	65	65
Polish	3,350	1,630	1,720	5,970	2,695	3,270
Russian	5,870	2,845	3,030	20,680	9,775	10,900
Serbian	960	470	490	2,010	1,020	990
Serbo-Croatian	180	90	90	960	470	490
Slovak	470	230	240	245	120	130
Slovene (Slovenian)	40	20	25	225	95	135
Ukrainian	800	400	400	2,365	1,060	1,300
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	40	15	25
Celtic languages	15	10	5	30	20	10
Scottish Gaelic	5	5	0	5	5	0
Welsh	5	5	5	10	10	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	15	15	5
Germanic languages	3,465	1,650	1,815	9,890	4,980	4,905
Afrikaans	600	290	315	15	10	10
Danish	70	35	35	50	25	25
Dutch	620	300	320	375	170	205
Frisian	5	0	0	0	0	0
German	2,035	965	1,070	2,550	1,190	1,365
Icelandic	20	10	10	30	15	20
Norwegian	25	10	15	20	5	10
Swedish	55	25	30	105	50	60
Vlaams (Flemish)	20	10	10	70	35	40
Yiddish	10	10	5	6,665	3,485	3,180
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	10	5	5
Greek	505	240	270	18,545	8,865	9,680
Indo-Iranian languages	62,025	31,110	30,915	53,555	26,845	26,710
Indo-Aryan languages	53,520	26,825	26,700	31,575	15,985	15,585
Bengali	2,760	1,380	1,380	8,180	4,055	4,125
Gujarati	3,145	1,580	1,575	3,840	1,860	1,985
Hindi	4,140	2,125	2,010	1,535	790	745
Kashmiri	45	20	25	5	0	0
Konkani	35	20	15	30	15	15
Marathi	445	225	210	80	40	40
Nepali	1,350	695	655	1,355	655	700
Oriya (Odia)	50	30	25	15	10	5
Punjabi (Panjabi)	29,195	14,610	14,585	8,840	4,690	4,155
Sindhi	745	330	415	135	65	75
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	510	255	255	365	185	180
Urdu	11,100	5,550	5,550	7,180	3,620	3,565
Iranian languages	8,000	4,025	3,970	21,745	10,740	11,010
Kurdish	460	235	225	510	280	235
Pashto	1,060	540	520	925	460	465
Persian (Farsi)	6,480	3,255	3,225	20,310	10,005	10,305
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	500	260	245	235	120	120
Italic (Romance) languages	23,625	11,680	11,945	167,190	79,835	87,355
Catalan	20	10	15	110	50	60
Italian	1,290	570	720	32,935	14,595	18,340
Portuguese	1,785	865	920	17,260	8,250	9,005
Romanian	2,485	1,290	1,195	24,520	12,000	12,525
Spanish	18,045	8,940	9,100	92,330	44,920	47,415
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	20	15
Japanese	1,120	495	625	1,050	425	620
Kartvelian languages	85	50	35	70	35	35
Georgian	80	50	35	70	40	35
Korean	6,650	3,170	3,475	3,540	1,630	1,910
Mongolic languages	280	135	150	145	70	75
Mongolian	280	135	145	145	70	75
Niger-Congo languages	1,835	885	955	7,250	3,450	3,800
Akan (Twi)	330	170	165	445	215	235
Bamanankan	5	0	0	265	135	125
Edo	25	10	15	10	5	5
Ewe	15	10	5	140	60	80
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	45	20	20	530	255	280
Ga	20	10	10	15	5	10
Ganda	5	0	0	5	5	5
Igbo	135	65	70	15	10	10
Lingala	25	10	20	625	270	355
Rundi (Kirundi)	65	35	30	1,110	510	600
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	25	10	15	530	225	305
Shona	95	40	50	20	10	10
Swahili	355	155	195	1,100	535	565
Wolof	60	35	30	1,035	555	480
Yoruba	355	170	185	55	25	25
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	280	135	145	1,350	635	710
Nilo-Saharan languages	915	445	475	135	70	65
Dinka	445	215	230	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	465	220	240	130	65	65
Sign languages	355	205	150	1,770	1,000	775
American Sign Language	90	50	45	90	35	50
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	700	360	340
Sign languages, n.i.e	265	160	105	985	600	385
Sino-Tibetan languages	46,995	22,370	24,625	60,370	28,925	31,450
Chinese languages	46,115	21,930	24,185	60,155	28,805	31,345
Cantonese	22,285	10,400	11,880	17,845	8,470	9,375
Hakka	100	35	60	155	75	80
Mandarin	21,220	10,290	10,930	37,075	17,870	19,200
Min Dong	5	5	5	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	675	295	385	1,830	830	1,000
Wu (Shanghainese)	210	105	105	780	355	420
Chinese, n.o.s.	1,620	805	815	2,435	1,190	1,240
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	40	20	20
Tibeto-Burman languages	880	440	440	215	115	100
Burmese	175	85	85	35	15	20
Karenic languages	230	110	125	65	40	30
Tibetan	395	205	190	70	45	30
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	75	35	35	40	20	20
Tai-Kadai languages	430	185	245	2,375	1,145	1,230
Lao	195	85	110	2,150	1,055	1,100
Thai	230	95	130	225	90	135
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	10	0	5	0	0	0
Turkic languages	1,000	525	480	5,120	2,540	2,575
Azerbaijani	105	55	50	100	50	55
Turkish	760	405	360	4,715	2,340	2,370
Uyghur	45	20	20	140	75	70
Uzbek	50	25	25	105	50	55
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	50	20	25	65	30	35
Uralic languages	1,410	695	715	2,025	895	1,130
Estonian	15	5	10	30	10	20
Finnish	55	30	25	50	20	30
Hungarian	1,335	655	680	1,945	860	1,085
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	115	70	40	150	90	60
Multiple responses	88,565	43,240	45,325	322,820	157,960	164,860
English and French	2,550	1,265	1,290	86,715	43,820	42,890
English and non-official language	84,305	41,165	43,140	54,400	26,255	28,140
French and non-official language	390	190	200	139,385	66,610	72,775
English, French and non-official language	1,315	630	685	42,320	21,270	21,045
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	1,486,600	742,340	744,265	8,066,555	3,977,275	4,089,285
None	1,254,320	629,830	624,490	6,825,240	3,356,340	3,468,900
English	99,305	49,455	49,850	513,410	263,670	249,735
French	14,810	6,745	8,075	320,370	158,340	162,030
Non-official language	114,000	54,240	59,760	317,790	154,450	163,340
Aboriginal	785	320	465	5,700	2,645	3,060
Non-Aboriginal	113,215	53,920	59,295	312,085	151,810	160,280
English and French	685	345	345	36,235	18,285	17,955
English and non-official language	2,195	1,120	1,075	28,630	14,075	14,555
French and non-official language	1,260	585	670	23,470	11,365	12,095
English, French and non-official language	35	15	15	1,420	740	680
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	1,197,300	594,890	602,410	6,634,295	3,260,155	3,374,145
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	1,137,675	565,525	572,150	6,417,615	3,160,595	3,257,020
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	43,833	54,150	35,311	32,975	37,842	28,522
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	1,137,925	565,595	572,330	6,419,175	3,160,780	3,258,400
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	38,895	46,581	32,153	29,535	33,110	26,119
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	1,066,620	542,555	524,060	5,685,690	2,866,470	2,819,220
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	43,517	53,805	34,470	30,067	35,597	25,012
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	649,715	254,855	394,860	4,973,245	2,300,800	2,672,445
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	3,214	2,422	3,516	7,307	5,851	8,246
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	926,435	482,160	444,270	4,627,795	2,408,420	2,219,370
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	43,699	53,420	35,361	31,263	35,627	27,219
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	1,197,280	594,870	602,410	6,634,280	3,260,040	3,374,245
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	1,138,280	565,590	572,685	6,417,010	3,159,415	3,257,595
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	69,070	88,222	50,155	42,546	49,087	36,203
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	1,138,495	565,655	572,845	6,418,440	3,159,550	3,258,890
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	54,836	68,208	41,632	34,887	39,292	30,616
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	1,066,970	542,640	524,330	5,685,905	2,866,415	2,819,485
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	69,686	88,844	49,858	40,505	47,810	33,079
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	649,845	254,775	395,065	4,972,650	2,299,595	2,673,050
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	6,568	6,623	6,532	8,590	7,846	9,229
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	926,435	481,850	444,585	4,627,775	2,408,655	2,219,120
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	65,167	81,387	47,588	40,382	45,974	34,313
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	1,197,280	594,875	602,410	6,634,280	3,260,040	3,374,240
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	435,780	250,075	185,710	2,036,965	1,114,940	922,025
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	66,311	74,578	57,288	47,111	51,622	42,433
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	90,769	106,176	70,022	56,564	62,750	49,085
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	94.6	96.7	91.1	84.4	88.3	79.1
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	76.5	78.5	73.1	68.4	71.4	64.6
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	5.4	3.3	8.9	15.6	11.7	20.9
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	1,197,300	594,890	602,410	6,634,295	3,260,155	3,374,140
Without total income	59,625	29,370	30,260	216,685	99,555	117,125
With total income	1,137,675	565,520	572,150	6,417,615	3,160,595	3,257,020
Percentage with total income	95.0	95.1	95.0	96.7	96.9	96.5
Under $10,000 (including loss)	148,305	57,305	91,005	789,595	351,935	437,660
$10,000 to $19,999	139,880	55,400	84,480	1,188,135	476,630	711,500
$20,000 to $29,999	128,365	51,420	76,950	976,210	428,390	547,830
$30,000 to $39,999	110,295	48,820	61,475	852,735	414,105	438,625
$40,000 to $49,999	105,430	49,990	55,440	747,995	378,215	369,780
$50,000 to $59,999	91,230	45,670	45,560	540,265	292,110	248,150
$60,000 to $69,999	75,250	40,345	34,910	375,935	214,805	161,130
$70,000 to $79,999	60,900	34,630	26,270	286,025	164,240	121,790
$80,000 to $89,999	49,095	28,795	20,300	189,350	113,715	75,635
$90,000 to $99,999	41,840	24,300	17,540	122,750	80,090	42,660
$100,000 and over	187,080	128,860	58,225	348,620	246,360	102,255
$100,000 to $149,999	103,255	66,045	37,215	236,515	164,145	72,370
$150,000 and over	83,820	62,810	21,010	112,105	82,215	29,885
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	1,197,300	594,890	602,410	6,634,295	3,260,150	3,374,140
Without after-tax income	59,375	29,300	30,075	215,120	99,375	115,750
With after-tax income	1,137,925	565,590	572,330	6,419,175	3,160,780	3,258,395
Percentage with after-tax income	95.0	95.1	95.0	96.8	97.0	96.6
Under $10,000 (including loss)	152,150	58,485	93,660	822,725	359,045	463,675
$10,000 to $19,999	146,090	58,120	87,970	1,246,480	505,165	741,315
$20,000 to $29,999	148,380	60,300	88,075	1,192,885	541,080	651,810
$30,000 to $39,999	137,645	63,470	74,175	1,096,510	553,200	543,315
$40,000 to $49,999	128,030	63,410	64,620	793,150	425,040	368,115
$50,000 to $59,999	100,975	54,090	46,885	498,475	283,130	215,345
$60,000 to $69,999	76,715	44,090	32,630	309,415	180,470	128,945
$70,000 to $79,999	58,925	34,695	24,230	167,895	108,500	59,395
$80,000 and over	189,010	128,920	60,085	291,635	205,155	86,485
$80,000 to $89,999	44,510	26,555	17,955	95,010	64,670	30,335
$90,000 to $99,999	30,730	19,625	11,100	55,980	39,080	16,905
$100,000 and over	113,775	82,740	31,030	140,645	101,405	39,240
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	1,197,300	594,890	602,410	6,634,295	3,260,155	3,374,145
Without employment income	270,870	112,730	158,140	2,006,505	851,730	1,154,775
With employment income	926,435	482,160	444,275	4,627,790	2,408,420	2,219,375
Percentage with employment income	77.4	81.1	73.7	69.8	73.9	65.8
Under $5,000 (including loss)	100,380	45,475	54,900	606,300	311,780	294,520
$5,000 to $9,999	60,045	25,410	34,635	367,030	162,150	204,885
$10,000 to $19,999	101,300	43,340	57,965	681,920	305,995	375,920
$20,000 to $29,999	86,950	36,885	50,060	586,140	269,950	316,195
$30,000 to $39,999	83,325	38,265	45,060	565,425	277,135	288,285
$40,000 to $49,999	81,225	39,015	42,210	476,665	247,105	229,560
$50,000 to $59,999	72,055	36,195	35,860	359,180	203,580	155,600
$60,000 to $69,999	60,055	33,000	27,050	266,650	156,255	110,395
$70,000 to $79,999	49,780	28,610	21,170	224,040	129,890	94,150
$80,000 and over	231,325	155,965	75,360	494,440	344,585	149,855
$80,000 to $89,999	41,150	24,660	16,495	139,830	90,295	49,540
$90,000 to $99,999	36,385	21,250	15,135	93,860	64,160	29,700
$100,000 and over	153,785	110,055	43,730	260,745	190,125	70,620
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	558,915	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	99,388	...	...	59,822	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	84,636	...	...	52,207	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	129,765	...	...	1,175,230	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	52,163	...	...	31,574	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	44,516	...	...	28,469	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	429,140	...	...	2,356,430	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	116,969	...	...	78,645	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	99,210	...	...	67,665	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	558,915	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	140,668	...	...	77,306	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	111,700	...	...	63,404	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	129,850	...	...	1,174,695	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	70,974	...	...	40,042	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	56,694	...	...	33,262	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	429,065	...	...	2,356,970	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	161,759	...	...	95,878	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	128,346	...	...	78,426	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	558,910	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
Under $5,000	8,045	...	...	47,170	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	4,955	...	...	56,315	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	6,030	...	...	119,570	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	10,565	...	...	180,865	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	15,845	...	...	179,690	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	12,360	...	...	154,150	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	13,825	...	...	185,000	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	15,125	...	...	184,435	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	15,485	...	...	179,855	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	15,865	...	...	170,445	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	33,245	...	...	313,600	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	33,795	...	...	273,620	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	32,980	...	...	241,940	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	32,320	...	...	208,620	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	30,785	...	...	176,355	...	...
$100,000 and over	277,685	...	...	860,030	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	67,495	...	...	327,435	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	52,150	...	...	204,105	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	67,820	...	...	192,155	...	...
$200,000 and over	90,215	...	...	136,335	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	558,910	...	...	3,531,660	...	...
Under $5,000	8,790	...	...	50,445	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	5,065	...	...	57,335	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	6,245	...	...	120,860	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	11,055	...	...	190,300	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	16,975	...	...	202,905	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	14,315	...	...	187,365	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	16,515	...	...	231,765	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	18,340	...	...	225,695	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	19,510	...	...	211,990	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	20,555	...	...	202,760	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	41,720	...	...	363,775	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	41,465	...	...	309,825	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	40,535	...	...	256,150	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	38,415	...	...	208,765	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	34,825	...	...	166,295	...	...
$100,000 and over	224,590	...	...	545,440	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	70,360	...	...	269,170	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	49,515	...	...	130,225	...	...
$150,000 and over	104,715	...	...	146,045	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	406,005	...	...	2,261,890	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	115,576	...	...	79,378	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	97,962	...	...	68,152	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.1	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	142,120	...	...	930,195	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	107,095	...	...	70,075	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	90,432	...	...	60,224	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	199,930	...	...	911,980	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	137,592	...	...	105,246	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	115,495	...	...	88,844	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	4.1	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	50,880	...	...	364,085	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	67,350	...	...	52,708	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	60,460	...	...	47,805	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	405,990	...	...	2,262,045	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	162,268	...	...	96,863	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	128,337	...	...	79,060	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	142,060	...	...	929,645	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	154,800	...	...	86,304	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	121,914	...	...	70,167	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	200,025	...	...	912,560	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	188,315	...	...	122,835	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	147,839	...	...	99,279	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	50,530	...	...	363,610	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	89,027	...	...	61,753	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	74,780	...	...	53,052	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	210,880	110,395	100,485	1,433,210	711,180	722,030
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	44,498	47,880	40,904	29,195	31,526	27,210
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	39,062	41,362	36,496	26,706	28,214	25,434
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	210,450	110,245	100,205	1,430,625	708,225	722,405
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	60,543	65,833	54,722	37,684	39,840	35,571
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	49,069	52,522	45,269	31,513	32,729	30,321
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	1,478,555	739,145	739,405	7,965,455	3,941,475	4,023,970
In the bottom half of the distribution	533,470	259,310	274,165	4,577,885	2,216,770	2,361,115
In the bottom decile	103,290	51,315	51,970	747,785	368,385	379,395
In the second decile	93,030	43,040	49,990	898,605	408,705	489,900
In the third decile	102,565	49,105	53,455	997,185	481,975	515,210
In the fourth decile	111,520	54,725	56,800	996,230	490,275	505,960
In the fifth decile	123,065	61,115	61,950	938,080	467,425	470,655
In the top half of the distribution	945,080	479,840	465,245	3,387,565	1,724,710	1,662,855
In the sixth decile	132,530	66,350	66,180	881,640	444,865	436,775
In the seventh decile	144,110	72,510	71,600	806,685	409,470	397,220
In the eighth decile	160,570	81,360	79,210	700,450	357,000	343,455
In the ninth decile	193,890	98,225	95,660	557,160	286,195	270,960
In the top decile	313,985	161,395	152,590	441,630	227,185	214,445
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	1,476,315	738,005	738,310	7,921,505	3,919,560	4,001,945
0 to 17 years	331,735	170,215	161,525	1,564,410	800,455	763,960
0 to 5 years	114,000	58,480	55,520	532,410	272,790	259,625
18 to 64 years	987,590	493,555	494,035	5,021,875	2,498,900	2,522,980
65 years and over	156,985	74,235	82,750	1,335,220	620,210	715,010
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	130,220	62,210	68,010	1,160,190	542,405	617,785
0 to 17 years	39,920	20,505	19,420	222,955	114,410	108,540
0 to 5 years	14,095	7,220	6,880	75,270	38,595	36,670
18 to 64 years	77,730	36,895	40,835	688,130	334,825	353,305
65 years and over	12,570	4,815	7,755	249,110	93,170	155,930
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	8.8	8.4	9.2	14.6	13.8	15.4
0 to 17 years (%)	12.0	12.0	12.0	14.3	14.3	14.2
0 to 5 years (%)	12.4	12.3	12.4	14.1	14.1	14.1
18 to 64 years (%)	7.9	7.5	8.3	13.7	13.4	14.0
65 years and over (%)	8.0	6.5	9.4	18.7	15.0	21.8
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	115,175	57,030	58,145	731,340	358,085	373,260
0 to 17 years	31,225	16,060	15,165	129,325	66,400	62,925
0 to 5 years	11,015	5,645	5,370	44,375	22,705	21,675
18 to 64 years	77,135	38,180	38,955	514,540	261,485	253,060
65 years and over	6,815	2,790	4,020	87,475	30,205	57,270
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	7.8	7.7	7.9	9.2	9.1	9.3
0 to 17 years (%)	9.4	9.4	9.4	8.3	8.3	8.2
0 to 5 years (%)	9.7	9.7	9.7	8.3	8.3	8.3
18 to 64 years (%)	7.8	7.7	7.9	10.2	10.5	10.0
65 years and over (%)	4.3	3.8	4.9	6.6	4.9	8.0
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	1,478,555	739,145	739,405	7,965,450	3,941,440	4,024,015
Official languages	1,448,265	726,455	721,810	7,891,110	3,911,220	3,979,890
English	1,446,935	725,845	721,090	3,930,690	2,058,470	1,872,225
French	106,780	49,325	57,455	7,522,350	3,725,145	3,797,200
Non-official languages	495,055	240,210	254,845	1,610,980	776,265	834,720
Aboriginal languages	1,690	705	985	50,890	25,190	25,700
Algonquian languages	955	385	570	37,515	18,545	18,965
Blackfoot	365	125	240	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	490	220	275	34,415	17,050	17,370
Atikamekw	0	0	0	6,640	3,335	3,305
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	9,850	4,735	5,115
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	10	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	775	385	385
Northern East Cree	15	0	10	260	130	130
Plains Cree	130	70	60	10	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	35	25	10
Swampy Cree	10	0	10	15	0	10
Woods Cree	65	10	55	10	10	0
Cree, n.o.s.	270	125	140	17,175	8,600	8,575
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	885	460	420
Malecite	0	0	0	10	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	880	460	425
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	115	45	70	2,340	1,105	1,235
Algonquin	0	0	0	2,240	1,055	1,185
Ojibway	100	45	60	105	50	50
Oji-Cree	10	10	0	10	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	20	10
Athabaskan languages	190	80	110	20	10	10
Northern Athabaskan languages	190	80	110	20	15	10
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	10	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	20	10	15	10	0	10
Dogrib (Tlicho)	10	0	10	0	0	10
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	140	60	85	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	10	10	0	10	10	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	10	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	10	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	40	15	25	12,595	6,270	6,330
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	25	10	15	0	0	0
Inuktitut	10	10	10	12,485	6,210	6,270
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	115	60	60
Iroquoian languages	10	10	0	740	360	375
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	10	10	0	690	350	335
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	50	15	35
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	20	10	15	30	15	10
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	465	205	265	0	0	0
Dakota	65	30	35	10	0	0
Stoney	430	185	245	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	15	10	10	0	0	10
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	15	10	10	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	10	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	20	10	10	90	40	55
Non-Aboriginal languages	493,385	239,515	253,875	1,560,375	751,215	809,160
Afro-Asiatic languages	42,095	22,125	19,970	301,035	157,545	143,490
Berber languages	200	140	60	27,595	14,650	12,945
Kabyle	110	60	45	16,170	8,580	7,590
Berber languages, n.i.e.	95	80	15	11,580	6,150	5,425
Cushitic languages	3,590	1,830	1,760	1,550	745	805
Bilen	65	40	20	35	20	10
Oromo	1,370	710	655	45	30	10
Somali	2,185	1,090	1,090	1,460	680	780
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	30	10	20	10	10	0
Semitic languages	38,915	20,515	18,400	286,625	149,970	136,660
Amharic	5,790	2,940	2,850	1,145	540	600
Arabic	28,815	15,345	13,470	267,965	140,280	127,685
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	335	170	165	195	95	95
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	120	55	60	10	0	0
Harari	95	50	45	0	0	0
Hebrew	1,625	780	845	18,035	9,490	8,540
Maltese	40	30	15	40	10	25
Tigrigna	3,605	1,950	1,655	420	195	225
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	250	140	110	180	85	95
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	165	105	70	810	430	380
Austro-Asiatic languages	18,580	8,840	9,745	46,050	21,955	24,095
Khmer (Cambodian)	1,215	655	555	11,840	5,620	6,220
Vietnamese	17,430	8,210	9,220	34,580	16,520	18,060
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	25	15
Austronesian languages	63,045	27,255	35,795	31,230	11,820	19,410
Bikol	175	65	100	105	45	60
Cebuano	2,995	1,325	1,680	1,105	360	750
Fijian	140	75	60	15	0	10
Hiligaynon	1,010	425	585	540	195	350
Ilocano	3,750	1,645	2,110	2,500	890	1,610
Malagasy	50	20	30	1,980	940	1,040
Malay	1,525	725	800	1,210	525	690
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	445	215	230	195	95	100
Pangasinan	225	95	135	60	20	40
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	59,655	25,615	34,040	26,705	9,785	16,915
Waray-Waray	230	100	130	55	10	45
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	590	255	335	540	270	275
Creole languages	1,820	900	920	115,445	51,970	63,475
Haitian Creole	85	50	35	4,910	2,285	2,620
Creole, n.o.s.	1,120	560	565	108,315	48,615	59,705
Creole languages, n.i.e.	615	300	325	2,835	1,390	1,445
Dravidian languages	7,295	3,835	3,460	18,710	9,495	9,210
Kannada	565	285	280	415	210	205
Malayalam	2,615	1,385	1,230	510	285	220
Tamil	3,240	1,705	1,535	17,245	8,680	8,565
Telugu	1,300	685	615	930	540	390
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	75	35	40	15	10	0
Hmong-Mien languages	85	40	45	35	15	25
Indo-European languages	254,480	126,365	128,115	912,945	435,785	477,155
Albanian	1,755	925	835	3,375	1,730	1,645
Armenian	295	165	135	20,290	9,790	10,500
Balto-Slavic languages	37,555	18,245	19,305	88,425	41,725	46,700
Baltic languages	650	310	345	1,080	500	585
Latvian	275	140	135	335	150	185
Lithuanian	380	170	210	755	350	410
Slavic languages	37,140	18,050	19,085	87,520	41,315	46,205
Belarusan	80	30	45	365	150	215
Bosnian	1,360	730	635	1,975	990	985
Bulgarian	1,125	595	530	7,345	3,595	3,750
Croatian	2,805	1,400	1,405	3,580	1,760	1,820
Czech	1,875	875	1,000	2,070	975	1,095
Macedonian	280	145	130	285	140	145
Polish	9,765	4,685	5,080	17,760	8,090	9,665
Russian	14,000	6,735	7,265	46,665	22,265	24,400
Serbian	2,425	1,200	1,220	4,050	1,980	2,070
Serbo-Croatian	580	320	260	2,385	1,140	1,245
Slovak	1,645	910	735	1,520	705	820
Slovene (Slovenian)	345	170	175	970	490	480
Ukrainian	5,000	2,255	2,745	9,015	3,885	5,135
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	75	35	40	150	75	75
Celtic languages	505	240	260	495	305	195
Scottish Gaelic	185	90	90	155	95	65
Welsh	130	70	60	85	45	40
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	190	75	115	265	175	95
Germanic languages	30,475	15,140	15,335	63,370	31,835	31,530
Afrikaans	2,105	1,120	990	415	260	150
Danish	1,160	560	600	835	410	420
Dutch	5,725	2,835	2,890	5,060	2,665	2,395
Frisian	100	45	60	15	10	0
German	20,940	10,510	10,425	43,475	21,950	21,530
Icelandic	90	40	45	140	80	60
Norwegian	545	210	330	510	255	255
Swedish	685	335	350	1,580	785	795
Vlaams (Flemish)	150	80	70	760	265	495
Yiddish	175	95	80	12,375	6,225	6,155
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	80	30	50	270	125	140
Greek	2,550	1,290	1,255	51,060	25,520	25,540
Indo-Iranian languages	115,050	58,455	56,605	93,655	48,040	45,615
Indo-Aryan languages	102,315	51,690	50,625	59,570	30,870	28,700
Bengali	5,100	2,565	2,530	12,870	6,610	6,260
Gujarati	8,655	4,200	4,455	7,950	3,860	4,090
Hindi	30,055	15,410	14,645	15,570	8,285	7,280
Kashmiri	60	45	20	45	35	15
Konkani	395	200	190	150	70	75
Marathi	1,545	805	740	475	240	230
Nepali	2,255	1,260	995	1,445	725	720
Oriya (Odia)	150	75	75	55	35	20
Punjabi (Panjabi)	51,335	26,055	25,280	17,860	9,690	8,165
Sindhi	2,790	1,225	1,560	500	240	255
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	1,410	700	710	1,335	625	710
Urdu	26,115	13,345	12,770	16,545	8,655	7,890
Iranian languages	13,630	7,165	6,465	35,420	17,830	17,585
Kurdish	1,010	545	465	1,255	665	590
Pashto	2,200	1,190	1,010	1,825	1,005	825
Persian (Farsi)	10,795	5,680	5,110	32,965	16,560	16,405
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	1,180	630	550	845	425	420
Italic (Romance) languages	72,570	35,155	37,410	627,545	293,620	333,920
Catalan	85	45	40	890	525	365
Italian	9,825	4,845	4,980	173,710	84,430	89,275
Portuguese	5,470	2,700	2,770	55,100	27,620	27,475
Romanian	6,045	3,140	2,900	42,655	20,550	22,110
Spanish	53,750	25,785	27,960	390,355	177,610	212,745
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	80	50	30	490	345	145
Japanese	4,490	2,030	2,460	7,040	3,340	3,695
Kartvelian languages	140	90	50	220	110	110
Georgian	140	90	50	215	105	110
Korean	10,405	4,875	5,530	6,260	2,825	3,430
Mongolic languages	655	310	350	270	135	130
Mongolian	660	305	345	265	135	130
Niger-Congo languages	12,200	6,160	6,045	52,840	26,665	26,175
Akan (Twi)	1,155	610	540	1,800	945	855
Bamanankan	20	10	10	2,385	1,240	1,145
Edo	240	145	90	190	95	95
Ewe	75	40	35	1,410	865	545
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	135	80	60	3,400	1,785	1,620
Ga	110	60	55	315	155	160
Ganda	80	35	40	90	40	55
Igbo	1,495	790	710	275	190	90
Lingala	430	230	195	9,630	4,430	5,200
Rundi (Kirundi)	170	95	75	4,490	2,210	2,285
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	105	45	60	3,535	1,640	1,895
Shona	515	230	280	150	75	80
Swahili	2,430	1,205	1,230	8,015	4,080	3,935
Wolof	330	195	135	6,555	3,545	3,015
Yoruba	3,525	1,780	1,745	885	485	395
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	2,265	1,090	1,180	17,720	9,125	8,595
Nilo-Saharan languages	1,695	775	915	695	345	350
Dinka	785	385	400	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	915	400	520	695	345	350
Sign languages	1,825	780	1,045	7,775	3,095	4,675
American Sign Language	970	385	590	675	245	435
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	4,405	1,590	2,815
Sign languages, n.i.e.	870	405	465	2,960	1,350	1,605
Sino-Tibetan languages	80,570	38,400	42,170	90,460	42,695	47,770
Chinese languages	79,075	37,670	41,410	90,060	42,480	47,580
Cantonese	43,205	20,400	22,805	31,885	14,900	16,980
Hakka	425	185	245	545	240	310
Mandarin	39,585	18,650	20,935	59,240	27,560	31,685
Min Dong	65	35	25	15	10	10
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	2,430	1,015	1,405	4,215	1,860	2,350
Wu (Shanghainese)	575	250	330	1,230	535	690
Chinese, n.o.s.	3,160	1,560	1,600	4,800	2,380	2,425
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	10	10	10	90	40	55
Tibeto-Burman languages	1,525	735	790	430	235	195
Burmese	340	165	180	140	75	60
Karenic languages	290	140	150	105	55	45
Tibetan	800	405	400	65	50	10
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	155	60	95	140	65	80
Tai-Kadai languages	1,580	655	930	7,280	3,400	3,880
Lao	655	310	350	5,785	2,850	2,935
Thai	1,020	390	630	2,255	875	1,375
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	15	10	10
Turkic languages	2,595	1,385	1,205	12,475	6,265	6,210
Azerbaijani	350	165	180	510	275	235
Turkish	1,720	985	730	11,415	5,755	5,665
Uyghur	135	60	70	230	110	120
Uzbek	245	115	135	230	105	125
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	205	90	110	235	115	120
Uralic languages	4,990	2,390	2,605	7,870	3,710	4,160
Estonian	110	50	60	150	55	95
Finnish	375	170	200	500	195	305
Hungarian	4,505	2,160	2,345	7,215	3,450	3,765
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	805	455	345	2,140	1,170	970
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	1,478,555	739,145	739,410	7,965,450	3,941,440	4,024,015
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	1,318,760	661,985	656,770	7,585,545	3,753,190	3,832,350
Canadian citizens aged under 18	305,585	156,780	148,805	1,521,230	779,620	741,610
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	1,013,175	505,205	507,970	6,064,310	2,973,575	3,090,740
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	159,800	77,165	82,635	379,910	188,245	191,665
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	1,478,555	739,150	739,405	7,965,450	3,941,440	4,024,015
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	1,034,370	523,185	511,185	6,788,085	3,365,345	3,422,735
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	415,930	201,815	214,115	1,091,310	530,325	560,980
Before 1981	73,375	36,520	36,860	238,655	117,080	121,575
1981 to 1990	42,050	19,995	22,055	127,340	63,150	64,190
1991 to 2000	69,850	33,460	36,390	187,860	89,210	98,650
2001 to 2010	135,005	65,555	69,455	322,280	155,785	166,495
2001 to 2005	60,410	29,495	30,910	140,170	67,835	72,335
2006 to 2010	74,600	36,060	38,540	182,115	87,945	94,165
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	95,655	46,295	49,360	215,170	105,105	110,065
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	28,250	14,145	14,105	86,065	45,765	40,295
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	415,935	201,820	214,120	1,091,305	530,325	560,980
Under 5 years	38,720	19,770	18,950	112,930	54,600	58,330
5 to 14 years	71,380	37,000	34,375	174,020	87,165	86,855
15 to 24 years	81,520	37,490	44,035	215,350	98,880	116,475
25 to 44 years	185,945	89,400	96,540	515,770	256,095	259,675
45 years and over	38,370	18,160	20,210	73,230	33,590	39,640
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	415,935	201,820	214,115	1,091,305	530,330	560,980
Americas	46,020	21,775	24,240	247,505	113,190	134,315
Brazil	1,475	675	795	7,345	3,515	3,830
Colombia	5,860	2,765	3,095	25,580	11,645	13,935
El Salvador	2,480	1,250	1,230	11,120	5,500	5,615
Guyana	885	455	440	2,490	1,085	1,410
Haiti	535	275	260	80,965	35,375	45,585
Jamaica	3,120	1,410	1,710	4,665	2,040	2,625
Mexico	4,665	2,280	2,380	15,820	7,090	8,730
Peru	1,120	470	650	13,265	5,945	7,325
Trinidad and Tobago	1,495	730	765	4,075	1,840	2,240
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	13,230	5,970	7,265	25,955	12,800	13,155
Other places of birth in Americas	11,150	5,495	5,660	56,235	26,370	29,870
Europe	87,110	43,685	43,425	311,090	154,910	156,185
Bosnia and Herzegovina	2,115	1,090	1,025	3,785	1,890	1,895
Croatia	1,335	690	640	2,140	1,085	1,050
France	1,325	655	670	81,225	43,490	37,735
Germany	7,195	3,400	3,795	9,750	4,365	5,390
Greece	960	505	455	18,420	9,135	9,285
Hungary	2,030	1,020	1,005	3,325	1,620	1,700
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	1,810	955	855	820	485	330
Italy	3,945	2,120	1,820	51,025	25,370	25,655
Netherlands	3,960	2,100	1,860	1,990	1,035	955
Poland	7,010	3,315	3,695	10,735	4,675	6,060
Portugal	1,205	555	650	18,985	9,185	9,800
Romania	4,630	2,320	2,305	28,695	13,695	15,005
Russian Federation	4,070	1,740	2,325	11,355	4,975	6,375
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	1,145	585	565	1,790	830	960
Ukraine	3,050	1,410	1,635	8,670	3,800	4,870
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	29,385	15,105	14,285	12,905	6,645	6,260
Other places of birth in Europe	11,945	6,110	5,835	45,500	22,630	22,870
Africa	41,460	21,215	20,240	241,410	125,250	116,165
Algeria	775	420	355	59,465	31,180	28,280
Egypt	2,955	1,575	1,375	19,490	10,290	9,200
Ethiopia	5,240	2,595	2,645	995	495	495
Kenya	2,770	1,345	1,420	785	355	430
Morocco	710	375	340	60,700	31,435	29,270
Nigeria	7,750	4,025	3,725	1,340	740	600
Somalia	1,355	645	705	580	270	310
South Africa, Republic of	3,250	1,680	1,565	865	475	385
Other places of birth in Africa	16,655	8,545	8,105	97,200	50,005	47,190
Asia	237,215	113,050	124,165	289,825	136,175	153,655
Afghanistan	3,290	1,765	1,525	7,280	3,640	3,640
Bangladesh	3,185	1,635	1,545	7,940	3,990	3,950
China^{Census data footnote 59}	35,130	16,205	18,935	49,555	19,905	29,655
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	11,155	5,410	5,740	4,730	2,290	2,435
India	47,240	23,715	23,525	17,865	9,195	8,670
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	5,815	3,005	2,805	17,760	8,880	8,885
Iraq	3,655	1,955	1,700	3,735	1,960	1,775
Japan	1,565	445	1,120	1,725	395	1,330
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	7,385	3,475	3,905	4,230	1,995	2,230
Lebanon	4,415	2,345	2,070	39,135	20,800	18,340
Pakistan	17,785	9,250	8,540	10,010	5,260	4,750
Philippines	55,050	23,975	31,075	24,410	9,040	15,370
Sri Lanka	2,020	1,035	985	10,715	5,335	5,380
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	2,215	1,160	1,065	17,775	8,800	8,980
Taiwan	2,240	950	1,290	2,735	1,100	1,635
Viet Nam	15,755	7,330	8,425	25,440	11,765	13,675
Other places of birth in Asia	19,320	9,390	9,925	44,795	21,840	22,950
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	4,130	2,090	2,040	1,480	805	670
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	95,655	46,290	49,360	215,170	105,105	110,065
Americas	9,530	4,725	4,805	47,710	22,625	25,085
Brazil	535	245	290	3,010	1,495	1,520
Colombia	1,285	605	675	7,540	3,465	4,075
Cuba	125	60	70	2,565	1,260	1,315
Haiti	145	95	55	16,880	7,690	9,190
Jamaica	475	245	235	190	140	55
Mexico	2,015	1,060	960	4,210	1,955	2,255
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	2,125	1,005	1,125	3,990	2,265	1,720
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	1,140	555	585	1,955	935	1,020
Other places of birth in Americas	1,675	855	820	7,365	3,425	3,935
Europe	10,165	5,240	4,925	39,320	20,085	19,235
France	275	160	115	20,030	10,855	9,175
Germany	490	235	255	580	250	330
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	620	385	230	135	105	35
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	445	250	195	3,750	1,695	2,055
Romania	625	320	305	2,945	1,260	1,685
Russian Federation	655	220	430	1,970	865	1,105
Ukraine	845	350	495	2,460	1,110	1,350
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	3,280	1,865	1,420	860	565	290
Other places of birth in Europe	2,920	1,450	1,470	6,590	3,385	3,205
Africa	12,165	6,185	5,980	74,200	37,110	37,090
Algeria	160	80	80	16,380	8,060	8,320
Cameroon	570	285	280	7,550	3,705	3,845
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	220	95	120	3,370	1,655	1,715
Côte d'Ivoire	135	80	50	5,070	2,505	2,565
Egypt	1,130	590	540	4,360	2,260	2,095
Eritrea	1,055	605	455	50	30	20
Ethiopia	1,590	740	850	125	65	60
Morocco	190	70	120	13,475	6,675	6,805
Nigeria	3,940	2,065	1,875	540	280	260
Somalia	240	90	150	95	40	50
South Africa, Republic of	590	325	260	175	115	60
Tunisia	70	40	35	5,855	3,025	2,825
Other places of birth in Africa	2,280	1,125	1,155	17,155	8,690	8,470
Asia	62,970	29,600	33,375	53,595	25,070	28,525
Afghanistan	490	270	220	1,555	715	840
Bangladesh	750	350	405	860	455	405
China^{Census data footnote 59}	6,340	2,850	3,490	10,705	4,805	5,895
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	415	190	230	120	35	80
India	13,110	6,655	6,450	2,960	1,555	1,405
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	2,250	1,130	1,120	7,505	3,545	3,960
Iraq	1,225	655	575	985	465	515
Israel	225	115	110	645	390	255
Japan	335	85	255	330	30	295
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	1,940	790	1,145	825	370	455
Lebanon	555	290	265	3,955	2,100	1,860
Nepal	1,125	595	535	360	165	195
Pakistan	4,405	2,145	2,255	1,815	920	895
Philippines	23,170	10,425	12,745	5,635	2,345	3,290
Saudi Arabia	365	185	175	435	210	225
Sri Lanka	335	155	175	860	380	480
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	1,405	710	695	7,455	3,740	3,715
Taiwan	325	110	215	170	60	105
Turkey	140	60	80	585	300	285
United Arab Emirates	440	225	210	300	160	145
Viet Nam	1,220	495	725	1,505	560	945
Other places of birth in Asia	2,410	1,110	1,295	4,025	1,765	2,265
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	825	550	275	345	215	135
Australia	580	370	210	190	120	70
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	245	175	65	155	95	65
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	1,478,555	739,145	739,410	7,965,450	3,941,440	4,024,015
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	454,340	221,345	232,995	1,204,895	590,175	614,720
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	308,920	156,425	152,495	792,085	399,535	392,550
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	715,295	361,370	353,920	5,968,475	2,951,730	3,016,745
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	349,430	168,800	180,625	867,685	420,465	447,220
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	198,100	99,880	98,230	469,015	243,915	225,100
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	78,410	49,470	28,945	224,720	137,975	86,745
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	119,695	50,410	69,285	244,300	105,945	138,360
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	99,880	40,835	59,050	241,225	96,130	145,095
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	48,590	26,655	21,935	146,295	75,100	71,195
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	2,845	1,440	1,410	11,150	5,320	5,825
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	1,478,555	739,145	739,410	7,965,450	3,941,440	4,024,010
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	46,280	22,125	24,165	182,885	91,890	90,995
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	45,150	21,610	23,540	175,960	88,635	87,325
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	19,790	9,285	10,510	92,655	45,510	47,145
Métis	24,830	12,130	12,700	69,365	36,260	33,100
Inuk (Inuit)	530	200	335	13,940	6,865	7,075
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	510	240	270	2,760	1,330	1,430
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	620	270	355	4,170	1,930	2,245
Non-Aboriginal identity	1,432,275	717,030	715,245	7,782,560	3,849,550	3,933,015
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	1,478,555	739,145	739,410	7,965,455	3,941,440	4,024,015
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	16,065	7,455	8,615	77,490	38,580	38,915
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	1,462,490	731,695	730,795	7,887,960	3,902,860	3,985,100
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	1,478,555	739,145	739,410	7,965,455	3,941,440	4,024,015
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	10,760	5,060	5,700	118,780	58,535	60,245
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	10,460	4,890	5,575	115,480	56,930	58,550
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	7,625	3,545	4,080	87,700	42,730	44,965
Métis single ancestry	2,710	1,290	1,425	17,585	9,225	8,360
Inuit single ancestry	125	55	65	10,200	4,980	5,220
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	295	170	130	3,300	1,605	1,700
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	285	170	115	2,220	1,115	1,105
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	10	0	0	995	455	540
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	10	65	25	40
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	20	10	15
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	51,030	24,490	26,545	240,650	113,905	126,740
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	48,930	23,470	25,455	235,365	111,205	124,165
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	26,300	12,435	13,865	193,625	90,650	102,975
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	22,120	10,850	11,270	37,080	18,320	18,760
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	505	190	320	4,660	2,230	2,425
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	2,105	1,015	1,085	5,280	2,700	2,575
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	2,000	965	1,035	4,040	2,105	1,940
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	45	25	20	990	475	515
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	40	20	20	225	110	115
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	15	0	10	25	15	10
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	1,416,765	709,600	707,165	7,606,025	3,769,000	3,837,030
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	1,478,555	739,150	739,405	7,965,450	3,941,440	4,024,015
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	469,710	231,335	238,365	1,032,365	505,180	527,185
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	123,900	62,885	61,015	90,335	46,750	43,585
Chinese	90,280	44,050	46,235	99,505	44,370	55,135
Black	54,905	28,140	26,765	319,230	154,110	165,120
Filipino	73,005	32,830	40,170	34,910	14,275	20,635
Latin American	28,205	13,910	14,290	133,920	64,655	69,260
Arab	26,560	14,090	12,460	213,740	113,420	100,320
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	23,410	11,210	12,200	62,820	29,960	32,865
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	12,845	6,810	6,035	32,405	16,200	16,210
Korean	11,165	5,260	5,905	8,055	3,865	4,190
Japanese	5,735	2,550	3,185	4,570	1,755	2,820
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	4,715	2,215	2,500	9,840	4,670	5,175
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	14,980	7,375	7,605	23,045	11,160	11,885
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	1,008,850	507,805	501,040	6,933,085	3,436,260	3,496,830
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	1,478,555	739,150	739,410	7,965,455	3,941,435	4,024,010
North American Aboriginal origins	61,790	29,545	32,245	359,430	172,440	186,985
First Nations (North American Indian)	36,285	17,150	19,135	289,610	137,550	152,065
Inuit	745	295	450	17,175	8,300	8,880
Métis	27,180	13,305	13,880	61,260	30,915	30,345
Other North American origins	324,605	164,890	159,720	4,850,145	2,390,545	2,459,605
Acadian	1,935	1,010	925	34,785	16,440	18,345
American	26,565	13,015	13,550	45,050	21,470	23,580
Canadian	305,685	155,475	150,210	4,647,840	2,288,280	2,359,555
New Brunswicker	25	15	10	750	370	380
Newfoundlander	570	330	245	570	280	295
Nova Scotian	55	40	15	365	155	215
Ontarian	55	45	10	1,345	660	685
Québécois	510	275	235	184,005	93,895	90,110
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	165	105	65	205	110	100
European origins	901,255	450,105	451,150	3,037,890	1,511,060	1,526,825
British Isles origins	584,100	290,930	293,165	745,715	360,135	385,575
Channel Islander	140	75	65	1,440	725	720
Cornish	105	25	75	70	35	40
English	334,445	165,545	168,900	228,520	111,855	116,670
Irish	218,400	105,440	112,955	446,215	211,545	234,665
Manx	420	215	205	200	105	95
Scottish	267,255	132,320	134,935	215,030	103,395	111,635
Welsh	30,500	14,830	15,670	10,765	5,075	5,690
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	39,290	19,145	20,145	32,525	15,440	17,080
French origins	129,505	63,620	65,885	1,878,795	941,770	937,025
Alsatian	50	25	25	1,050	520	525
Breton	25	10	20	11,140	5,410	5,725
Corsican	20	0	15	1,270	690	580
French	129,440	63,595	65,845	1,870,545	937,665	932,875
Western European origins (except French origins)	292,060	144,715	147,345	244,380	119,115	125,260
Austrian	15,650	7,650	8,000	12,710	6,285	6,430
Bavarian	30	20	10	40	30	20
Belgian	7,345	3,575	3,775	51,340	25,295	26,050
Dutch	61,175	30,635	30,535	26,000	12,805	13,190
Flemish	665	285	385	1,345	660	685
Frisian	260	135	125	15	20	0
German	224,975	111,060	113,915	142,225	68,250	73,975
Luxembourger	280	145	140	910	445	460
Swiss	9,125	4,410	4,710	24,500	12,615	11,885
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	430	205	220	125	80	50
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	107,110	51,610	55,495	25,460	12,490	12,975
Danish	21,260	10,405	10,855	5,700	2,815	2,885
Finnish	6,315	3,085	3,225	3,130	1,430	1,700
Icelandic	8,305	4,015	4,290	955	480	470
Norwegian	47,655	22,605	25,060	7,820	3,835	3,985
Swedish	30,360	14,445	15,920	6,840	3,275	3,565
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	4,530	2,325	2,205	2,500	1,265	1,230
Eastern European origins	222,980	109,215	113,770	249,940	121,660	128,285
Bulgarian	1,670	850	820	9,570	4,675	4,895
Byelorussian	850	405	445	2,530	1,235	1,295
Czech	8,130	4,060	4,070	6,295	2,965	3,330
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	2,890	1,380	1,510	2,150	1,100	1,050
Estonian	1,265	555	710	890	460	435
Hungarian	23,715	11,525	12,190	28,280	13,970	14,310
Latvian	1,305	655	650	1,740	835	905
Lithuanian	2,615	1,260	1,355	6,630	3,320	3,305
Moldovan	995	530	465	7,620	3,710	3,900
Polish	60,280	29,300	30,975	79,040	38,705	40,335
Romanian	14,445	6,815	7,630	53,060	25,935	27,125
Russian	41,585	19,800	21,785	55,230	26,405	28,830
Slovak	5,000	2,600	2,405	4,770	2,375	2,395
Ukrainian	98,870	48,530	50,335	42,550	20,575	21,975
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	945	480	465	2,900	1,505	1,400
Southern European origins	97,265	48,355	48,905	549,750	273,670	276,080
Albanian	1,890	970	920	3,760	1,950	1,805
Bosnian	1,825	990	830	2,970	1,485	1,490
Catalan	50	25	25	735	395	340
Croatian	6,525	3,350	3,180	6,745	3,375	3,370
Cypriot	65	30	35	480	240	245
Greek	6,995	3,595	3,400	71,330	36,235	35,090
Italian	45,625	22,880	22,740	326,700	162,650	164,045
Kosovar	150	75	75	505	295	210
Macedonian	540	245	295	775	400	370
Maltese	675	335	340	1,220	615	610
Montenegrin	130	75	50	450	250	200
Portuguese	8,905	4,515	4,395	69,805	34,825	34,980
Serbian	3,515	1,795	1,720	5,950	2,915	3,040
Sicilian	155	75	80	1,435	710	725
Slovenian	1,865	1,020	845	2,510	1,225	1,280
Spanish	23,030	10,740	12,295	85,360	41,745	43,615
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	1,860	905	950	3,270	1,595	1,670
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	120	55	70	300	155	145
Other European origins	10,115	4,965	5,145	38,670	19,875	18,800
Basque	195	85	110	3,620	1,930	1,690
Jewish	4,690	2,230	2,460	25,235	12,955	12,280
Roma (Gypsy)	200	110	90	475	270	205
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	455	235	220	360	180	185
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	4,615	2,335	2,275	9,215	4,690	4,530
Caribbean origins	15,920	7,880	8,035	201,625	93,935	107,690
Antiguan	305	185	120	380	170	205
Bahamian	140	65	75	430	205	225
Barbadian	885	400	485	5,570	2,585	2,985
Bermudan	130	55	70	115	50	65
Carib	65	10	45	405	150	255
Cuban	855	405	455	9,830	4,800	5,035
Dominican	345	215	130	11,560	5,320	6,235
Grenadian	210	95	120	1,965	790	1,175
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	1,010	475	535
Haitian	1,015	525	490	143,165	66,245	76,925
Jamaican	7,405	3,630	3,765	14,100	6,785	7,315
Kittitian/Nevisian	70	55	10	360	200	160
Martinican	0	0	0	1,775	820	950
Montserratan	10	0	10	240	140	105
Puerto Rican	245	125	120	530	270	255
St. Lucian	335	165	175	860	450	405
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	2,205	1,135	1,075	6,585	2,925	3,660
Vincentian/Grenadinian	360	145	215	4,020	1,695	2,325
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	1,205	595	605	5,635	2,610	3,025
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	1,175	545	630	4,195	1,995	2,205
Latin, Central and South American origins	36,915	18,140	18,775	167,275	81,215	86,065
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	845	435	405	6,100	2,885	3,210
Arawak	85	15	65	180	60	120
Argentinian	825	415	410	4,950	2,490	2,460
Belizean	210	135	75	80	40	40
Bolivian	280	150	130	1,730	815	915
Brazilian	1,645	710	935	8,345	4,075	4,275
Chilean	3,300	1,665	1,640	14,060	7,055	7,005
Colombian	7,500	3,560	3,935	33,965	15,915	18,050
Costa Rican	295	135	160	1,180	570	610
Ecuadorian	440	180	260	2,720	1,255	1,470
Guatemalan	1,300	670	630	10,175	5,380	4,795
Guyanese	1,165	625	545	3,670	1,810	1,860
Hispanic	760	360	400	1,155	570	585
Honduran	370	195	170	4,335	2,135	2,200
Maya	230	120	105	1,670	935	735
Mexican	8,940	4,525	4,420	26,930	13,185	13,745
Nicaraguan	910	415	495	2,805	1,360	1,445
Panamanian	160	65	95	1,460	755	710
Paraguayan	175	80	90	365	155	205
Peruvian	1,495	655	845	19,735	9,240	10,495
Salvadorean	3,010	1,560	1,450	19,200	9,535	9,665
Uruguayan	145	80	65	1,755	815	940
Venezuelan	3,455	1,730	1,730	7,475	3,430	4,045
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	1,710	835	875	5,845	2,965	2,880
African origins	59,290	30,305	28,985	382,665	196,910	185,755
Central and West African origins	16,515	8,585	7,930	86,695	44,720	41,975
Akan	95	60	40	630	325	310
Angolan	160	75	85	875	425	450
Ashanti	85	45	35	120	90	35
Beninese	120	45	75	4,125	2,220	1,915
Burkinabe	20	0	15	2,465	1,325	1,145
Cameroonian	965	465	500	17,095	8,635	8,465
Chadian	60	50	15	1,045	525	520
Congolese	1,395	660	735	20,210	9,960	10,250
Edo	290	170	125	110	60	45
Ewe	70	40	30	460	265	200
Gabonese	25	0	20	1,165	545	620
Gambian	70	35	35	150	95	55
Ghanaian	1,860	990	870	3,235	1,660	1,575
Guinean	150	85	70	5,255	2,765	2,485
Ibo	1,155	605	550	185	95	95
Ivorian	185	115	70	8,545	4,350	4,200
Liberian	305	150	155	150	60	90
Malian	25	25	0	3,535	1,755	1,775
Malinké	20	0	15	635	340	295
Nigerian	7,875	4,115	3,765	2,820	1,510	1,310
Peulh	50	30	20	2,110	1,080	1,030
Senegalese	280	185	95	8,250	4,420	3,835
Sierra Leonean	225	125	100	110	55	55
Togolese	75	30	45	4,080	2,210	1,870
Wolof	40	25	15	660	390	270
Yoruba	1,815	995	820	460	225	235
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	695	335	360	6,955	3,690	3,275
North African origins	11,550	6,055	5,495	225,125	117,725	107,410
Algerian	825	420	410	60,375	31,185	29,190
Berber	350	200	150	33,825	17,840	15,985
Coptic	115	60	55	685	385	305
Dinka	265	150	115	15	10	10
Egyptian	4,590	2,445	2,140	29,400	15,295	14,100
Libyan	580	305	270	1,075	590	485
Maure	0	0	10	530	290	240
Moroccan	1,125	590	530	85,940	44,520	41,420
Sudanese	3,375	1,690	1,685	370	220	150
Tunisian	480	260	225	21,475	11,775	9,695
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	295	165	125	3,340	1,845	1,490
Southern and East African origins	21,385	10,830	10,555	28,925	14,225	14,705
Afrikaner	145	70	70	115	75	40
Amhara	220	120	100	65	30	35
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	235	115	115	1,905	1,040	870
Burundian	195	110	90	6,015	2,945	3,070
Djiboutian	10	10	0	450	205	245
Eritrean	3,805	2,040	1,765	580	290	290
Ethiopian	6,400	3,230	3,175	1,575	785	785
Harari	45	20	25	20	10	10
Kenyan	970	440	535	530	270	260
Malagasy	50	15	35	3,735	1,815	1,920
Mauritian	280	160	120	3,695	1,735	1,960
Oromo	675	350	330	20	15	10
Rwandan	180	80	105	5,130	2,445	2,685
Seychellois	25	15	10	775	345	425
Somali	2,770	1,400	1,375	1,785	865	915
South African	2,955	1,425	1,530	900	490	420
Tanzanian	480	190	290	325	190	140
Tigrian	435	240	195	95	35	55
Ugandan	340	195	145	290	135	160
Zambian	135	85	55	45	20	25
Zimbabwean	815	405	405	300	150	145
Zulu	80	50	30	70	35	35
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	1,570	765	805	1,790	915	875
Other African origins	10,990	5,415	5,580	46,805	22,845	23,965
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	935	435	500	3,800	1,845	1,950
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	10,150	5,025	5,120	43,785	21,415	22,370
Asian origins	389,585	190,635	198,950	563,150	275,170	287,980
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	49,035	25,600	23,435	240,795	123,985	116,810
Afghan	5,345	2,870	2,475	10,945	5,550	5,395
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	5,125	2,755	2,370	44,875	23,680	21,195
Armenian	1,025	515	510	27,380	13,515	13,865
Assyrian	355	210	150	370	205	165
Azerbaijani	295	120	170	555	295	255
Georgian	230	140	90	635	295	345
Hazara	265	140	125	385	190	200
Iranian	8,610	4,475	4,130	25,530	12,845	12,685
Iraqi	3,835	2,020	1,815	5,520	2,780	2,740
Israeli	755	405	350	6,060	3,235	2,830
Jordanian	600	315	290	1,610	840	770
Kazakh	300	120	180	620	295	325
Kurd	945	535	405	2,135	1,180	960
Kuwaiti	50	40	10	95	50	50
Kyrgyz	150	90	65	260	140	120
Lebanese	14,055	7,255	6,800	78,140	40,695	37,450
Palestinian	1,680	895	785	6,865	3,520	3,345
Pashtun	375	175	200	515	280	235
Saudi Arabian	185	110	75	645	390	255
Syrian	3,395	1,665	1,725	27,465	13,845	13,620
Tajik	170	100	70	390	180	210
Tatar	370	155	215	910	430	485
Turk	2,625	1,430	1,200	15,060	7,520	7,545
Turkmen	55	40	20	65	45	25
Uighur	150	75	75	375	185	190
Uzbek	270	115	155	465	210	255
Yemeni	545	270	275	805	450	355
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	1,375	720	655	2,465	1,385	1,075
South Asian origins	123,510	62,815	60,690	95,670	48,925	46,745
Bangladeshi	2,360	1,170	1,190	7,075	3,625	3,450
Bengali	1,010	505	505	4,125	2,035	2,090
Bhutanese	160	80	75	420	205	215
East Indian	91,410	46,205	45,200	51,650	26,505	25,140
Goan	345	185	165	210	105	110
Gujarati	290	140	155	420	205	215
Kashmiri	600	285	305	260	155	105
Nepali	1,930	1,055	875	930	460	470
Pakistani	18,550	9,530	9,025	13,535	7,000	6,535
Punjabi	8,655	4,485	4,165	2,970	1,675	1,295
Sinhalese	385	205	180	310	135	175
Sri Lankan	2,445	1,260	1,190	14,750	7,300	7,450
Tamil	445	230	220	3,100	1,610	1,495
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	2,570	1,300	1,265	2,135	1,190	945
East and Southeast Asian origins	219,265	103,395	115,870	229,985	103,805	126,180
Burmese	775	390	385	530	270	255
Cambodian (Khmer)	2,150	1,165	985	15,345	7,360	7,985
Chinese	105,360	50,955	54,400	121,445	54,595	66,850
Filipino	77,435	35,030	42,405	37,910	15,590	22,320
Hmong	0	0	0	35	10	20
Indonesian	1,625	750	880	1,320	570	755
Japanese	7,980	3,560	4,415	6,495	2,615	3,875
Karen	295	145	155	95	55	40
Korean	11,790	5,545	6,240	8,740	4,155	4,580
Laotian	960	445	515	7,625	3,860	3,770
Malaysian	1,365	625	745	645	300	340
Mongolian	1,105	510	590	960	470	485
Singaporean	205	105	100	105	65	40
Taiwanese	1,210	525	685	2,205	940	1,265
Thai	1,120	400	720	2,695	1,065	1,635
Tibetan	890	460	430	80	45	30
Vietnamese	21,095	10,195	10,900	43,080	20,790	22,290
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	340	175	160	275	125	155
Other Asian origins	1,690	860	835	1,765	905	865
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	1,690	860	835	1,770	905	860
Oceania origins	6,915	3,490	3,420	3,250	1,730	1,515
Australian	3,785	1,930	1,860	2,055	1,125	935
New Zealander	1,455	765	685	490	245	245
Pacific Islands origins	1,825	880	945	785	410	380
Fijian	1,195	555	640	70	25	40
Hawaiian	165	70	90	60	40	20
Maori	190	85	105	90	55	35
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	85	55	35	290	145	145
Samoan	90	70	20	15	15	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	140	75	70	295	155	145
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	558,915	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
Owner	411,880	...	...	2,163,735	...	...
Renter	146,860	...	...	1,362,010	...	...
Band housing	165	...	...	5,915	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	558,910	...	...	3,531,660	...	...
Condominium	117,205	...	...	413,325	...	...
Not condominium	441,710	...	...	3,118,340	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	558,910	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
No bedrooms	1,825	...	...	23,725	...	...
1 bedroom	53,650	...	...	573,370	...	...
2 bedrooms	119,715	...	...	1,100,310	...	...
3 bedrooms	201,350	...	...	1,157,300	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	182,375	...	...	676,955	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	558,910	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	138,040	...	...	1,258,215	...	...
5 rooms	84,300	...	...	620,935	...	...
6 rooms	81,455	...	...	432,090	...	...
7 rooms	72,810	...	...	403,255	...	...
8 or more rooms	182,305	...	...	817,165	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.5	...	...	5.8	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	558,910	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
One person or fewer per room	546,025	...	...	3,492,135	...	...
More than 1 person per room	12,890	...	...	39,530	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	558,910	...	...	3,531,660	...	...
Suitable	534,285	...	...	3,398,910	...	...
Not suitable	24,625	...	...	132,755	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	558,910	...	...	3,531,660	...	...
1960 or before	51,445	...	...	894,495	...	...
1961 to 1980	150,795	...	...	1,116,760	...	...
1981 to 1990	69,125	...	...	503,495	...	...
1991 to 2000	91,030	...	...	369,020	...	...
2001 to 2005	65,580	...	...	196,830	...	...
2006 to 2010	67,855	...	...	241,545	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	63,090	...	...	209,515	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	558,910	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	535,330	...	...	3,304,625	...	...
Major repairs needed	23,580	...	...	227,040	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	558,910	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
1 household maintainer	308,890	...	...	2,221,970	...	...
2 household maintainers	230,195	...	...	1,264,195	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	19,825	...	...	45,500	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	558,910	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
15 to 24 years	15,115	...	...	119,495	...	...
25 to 34 years	103,370	...	...	498,070	...	...
35 to 44 years	121,600	...	...	603,840	...	...
45 to 54 years	119,875	...	...	682,290	...	...
55 to 64 years	104,290	...	...	731,390	...	...
65 to 74 years	57,455	...	...	541,630	...	...
75 to 84 years	27,880	...	...	270,280	...	...
85 years and over	9,330	...	...	84,680	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	552,885	...	...	3,496,460	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	432,595	...	...	2,763,105	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	120,290	...	...	733,355	...	...
30% to less than 100%	103,840	...	...	647,975	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	408,735	...	...	2,141,690	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	67.3	...	...	61.9	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	16.4	...	...	12.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,607	...	...	983	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,635	...	...	1,085	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	450,224	...	...	250,302	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	527,278	...	...	290,484	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	146,795	...	...	1,358,265	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	9.7	...	...	9.3	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	36.8	...	...	33.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,320	...	...	720	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,363	...	...	775	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	1,197,280	594,875	602,410	6,634,280	3,260,035	3,374,240
No certificate, diploma or degree	163,960	84,625	79,340	1,323,070	674,955	648,115
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	315,170	156,660	158,510	1,426,980	674,820	752,155
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	718,155	353,590	364,560	3,884,235	1,910,260	1,973,970
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	87,060	65,430	21,630	1,120,730	681,515	439,215
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	30,370	17,305	13,065	806,585	435,090	371,495
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	56,690	48,120	8,565	314,145	246,425	67,720
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	221,390	92,540	128,845	1,165,515	506,775	658,740
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	37,975	15,440	22,535	236,255	93,680	142,575
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	371,735	180,185	191,545	1,361,730	628,290	733,440
Bachelor's degree	260,490	122,500	137,995	872,060	384,275	487,790
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	19,660	9,030	10,630	118,955	54,255	64,695
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	9,965	5,030	4,935	39,045	19,865	19,185
Master's degree	70,005	36,175	33,825	281,215	139,280	141,935
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	11,615	7,445	4,170	50,455	30,615	19,840
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	863,305	429,610	433,700	4,371,935	2,167,810	2,204,125
No certificate, diploma or degree	71,225	39,300	31,925	580,635	323,880	256,750
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	195,315	98,605	96,710	808,955	396,620	412,330
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	596,770	291,705	305,065	2,982,345	1,447,305	1,535,040
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	67,070	51,190	15,880	866,595	513,575	353,015
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	22,460	13,055	9,405	631,795	330,140	301,655
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	44,610	38,135	6,475	234,800	183,440	51,360
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	178,565	75,170	103,390	832,430	367,185	465,245
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	30,425	12,450	17,975	167,025	67,530	99,495
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	320,715	152,890	167,825	1,116,300	499,010	617,290
Bachelor's degree	223,760	104,155	119,605	712,935	308,760	404,175
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	16,360	7,375	8,985	94,240	40,085	54,160
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	8,790	4,145	4,650	30,775	13,505	17,270
Master's degree	62,455	31,525	30,930	238,300	113,895	124,410
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	9,345	5,690	3,655	40,050	22,780	17,270
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	1,197,280	594,870	602,410	6,634,280	3,260,040	3,374,245
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	479,125	241,285	237,845	2,750,050	1,349,775	1,400,270
Education	43,020	9,180	33,845	273,320	62,470	210,845
13. Education	43,020	9,180	33,845	273,320	62,470	210,845
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	23,060	9,510	13,550	156,720	71,485	85,240
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	3,960	2,750	1,210	25,380	18,280	7,100
50. Visual and performing arts	19,100	6,770	12,340	131,340	53,200	78,140
Humanities	31,770	11,660	20,110	215,735	86,065	129,675
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	3,340	695	2,650	32,180	7,165	25,020
23. English language and literature/letters	7,670	2,020	5,650	12,900	4,060	8,835
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	9,700	3,260	6,435	103,120	42,685	60,435
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	135	65	70	880	395	485
38. Philosophy and religious studies	2,115	1,150	965	10,400	6,650	3,755
39. Theology and religious vocations	3,775	2,205	1,565	10,125	6,200	3,930
54. History	4,230	2,095	2,130	17,055	9,990	7,065
55. French language and literature/letters	805	170	640	29,070	8,920	20,155
Social and behavioural sciences and law	75,070	26,050	49,025	380,995	125,025	255,975
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	855	150	705	4,315	1,165	3,150
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	9,265	3,080	6,175	48,530	16,690	31,845
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	9,380	890	8,495	77,470	6,070	71,400
22. Legal professions and studies	14,125	4,860	9,265	67,185	25,785	41,395
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	965	235	730	9,905	2,035	7,870
42. Psychology	11,870	2,625	9,250	57,335	14,030	43,305
45. Social sciences	28,615	14,205	14,405	116,255	59,245	57,015
Business, management and public administration	163,090	66,810	96,285	879,190	321,450	557,740
30.16 Accounting and computer science	215	65	145	815	300	520
44. Public administration and social service professions	8,105	1,405	6,705	47,715	10,490	37,225
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	154,775	65,340	89,435	830,660	310,665	519,990
Physical and life sciences and technologies	36,425	19,815	16,615	140,990	76,780	64,215
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	11,375	4,575	6,800	49,705	20,900	28,805
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	6,890	3,355	3,540	23,210	13,865	9,350
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	330	120	205	21,890	10,810	11,080
40. Physical sciences	16,220	11,210	5,005	39,060	27,545	11,515
41. Science technologies/technicians	1,610	550	1,065	7,120	3,660	3,465
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	30,310	19,625	10,685	152,105	104,850	47,255
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	24,720	17,200	7,520	125,480	92,730	32,750
25. Library science	1,650	230	1,420	11,110	2,145	8,965
27. Mathematics and statistics	3,620	1,985	1,635	13,415	8,365	5,045
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	325	210	110	2,100	1,605	495
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	172,005	148,565	23,435	828,400	758,350	70,055
04. Architecture and related services	5,990	3,705	2,285	29,015	17,055	11,960
14. Engineering	64,160	51,315	12,850	150,450	124,585	25,865
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	33,195	27,090	6,110	150,640	135,445	15,195
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	35	0	30	60	20	40
46. Construction trades	29,180	28,295	885	185,385	179,995	5,390
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	26,570	25,745	825	184,280	178,510	5,770
48. Precision production	12,875	12,420	455	128,580	122,750	5,830
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	13,085	7,195	5,890	85,485	56,900	28,585
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	7,470	4,390	3,075	51,770	30,870	20,900
03. Natural resources and conservation	5,615	2,800	2,815	33,715	26,025	7,690
Health and related fields	100,060	20,545	79,515	480,230	95,450	384,780
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	8,405	4,065	4,335	27,955	14,675	13,280
51. Health professions and related programs	88,880	14,980	73,900	441,105	74,630	366,470
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	2,775	1,505	1,270	11,160	6,140	5,020
Personal, protective and transportation services	30,175	14,610	15,565	290,005	151,070	138,935
12. Personal and culinary services	19,460	5,895	13,565	164,595	43,720	120,875
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	130	120	10	290	270	20
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	205	180	30	1,345	1,245	100
43. Security and protective services	4,675	3,250	1,425	54,625	42,415	12,210
49. Transportation and materials moving	5,705	5,165	540	69,160	63,425	5,740
Other	75	25	45	1,055	375	680
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	70	25	45	1,055	375	675
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	863,310	429,605	433,700	4,371,935	2,167,805	2,204,130
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	266,535	137,905	128,635	1,389,585	720,500	669,085
Education	32,950	6,505	26,445	180,615	37,990	142,625
13. Education	32,950	6,505	26,450	180,615	37,990	142,625
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	19,065	7,690	11,380	122,045	55,575	66,475
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	3,235	2,200	1,030	19,510	13,740	5,770
50. Visual and performing arts	15,835	5,490	10,345	102,535	41,830	60,705
Humanities	26,290	9,470	16,820	138,330	54,580	83,750
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	2,835	565	2,270	25,220	5,455	19,765
23. English language and literature/letters	6,420	1,655	4,765	9,585	2,990	6,595
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	8,290	2,740	5,550	57,730	25,305	32,430
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	120	65	60	600	255	350
38. Philosophy and religious studies	1,710	935	775	6,980	4,415	2,570
39. Theology and religious vocations	2,825	1,650	1,175	5,415	3,380	2,035
54. History	3,515	1,735	1,775	12,235	7,140	5,095
55. French language and literature/letters	585	130	450	20,555	5,640	14,915
Social and behavioural sciences and law	64,295	21,870	42,425	301,550	95,120	206,430
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	725	140	585	3,550	925	2,620
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	8,035	2,610	5,425	40,275	13,900	26,370
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	7,640	710	6,930	63,120	4,295	58,825
22. Legal professions and studies	12,300	3,965	8,330	53,620	18,830	34,790
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	800	200	600	6,840	1,420	5,420
42. Psychology	9,995	2,080	7,910	44,540	10,255	34,285
45. Social sciences	24,790	12,160	12,635	89,610	45,495	44,110
Business, management and public administration	138,050	56,325	81,725	706,400	248,920	457,480
30.16 Accounting and computer science	180	65	115	615	215	400
44. Public administration and social service professions	6,860	1,120	5,740	38,320	7,835	30,485
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	131,010	55,145	75,870	667,470	240,870	426,600
Physical and life sciences and technologies	29,445	15,555	13,890	92,480	49,390	43,090
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	9,355	3,660	5,695	40,895	16,635	24,260
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	5,675	2,775	2,900	12,450	7,435	5,015
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	255	110	145	4,175	2,385	1,785
40. Physical sciences	12,955	8,630	4,325	29,705	20,255	9,445
41. Science technologies/technicians	1,210	380	830	5,255	2,675	2,580
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	27,300	17,740	9,555	132,750	91,865	40,885
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	22,860	15,885	6,970	112,715	83,240	29,470
25. Library science	1,310	190	1,120	8,720	1,665	7,055
27. Mathematics and statistics	2,865	1,500	1,365	9,725	5,815	3,915
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	270	170	105	1,585	1,150	440
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	142,120	121,305	20,810	639,185	577,845	61,335
04. Architecture and related services	5,000	2,965	2,040	24,260	13,870	10,385
14. Engineering	55,540	43,720	11,815	126,835	103,165	23,665
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	27,075	21,930	5,140	116,595	103,710	12,885
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	30	0	25	50	15	30
46. Construction trades	23,770	23,030	740	134,865	130,350	4,510
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	20,840	20,170	670	139,935	135,155	4,780
48. Precision production	9,870	9,495	380	96,655	91,580	5,075
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	11,140	5,910	5,230	69,865	45,215	24,655
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	6,095	3,440	2,650	41,755	23,965	17,795
03. Natural resources and conservation	5,045	2,465	2,580	28,110	21,250	6,860
Health and related fields	81,825	17,260	64,565	368,600	72,245	296,355
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	7,165	3,490	3,675	22,660	11,635	11,030
51. Health professions and related programs	72,210	12,515	59,695	337,320	56,510	280,810
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	2,445	1,255	1,195	8,620	4,110	4,510
Personal, protective and transportation services	24,220	12,050	12,180	229,640	118,260	111,375
12. Personal and culinary services	15,360	4,790	10,565	129,245	32,830	96,410
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	90	85	10	225	200	25
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	110	100	10	875	795	80
43. Security and protective services	3,855	2,720	1,140	42,550	32,575	9,975
49. Transportation and materials moving	4,800	4,350	450	56,750	51,860	4,890
Other	55	20	40	890	300	595
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	60	20	35	890	300	595
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	1,197,280	594,870	602,410	6,634,280	3,260,040	3,374,240
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	479,130	241,280	237,845	2,750,045	1,349,775	1,400,270
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	718,150	353,595	364,560	3,884,235	1,910,265	1,973,970
Location of study inside Canada	544,240	268,515	275,725	3,509,610	1,716,730	1,792,880
Same as province or territory of residence	378,555	185,865	192,690	3,367,195	1,642,930	1,724,270
Different than province or territory of residence	165,690	82,650	83,035	142,415	73,800	68,610
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	173,910	85,075	88,835	374,620	193,530	181,090
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	22,770	13,060	9,705	28,320	16,915	11,410
Philippines	29,050	11,180	17,870	12,515	3,600	8,920
India	19,675	9,795	9,880	6,805	3,660	3,150
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	15,985	9,050	6,930	11,250	6,535	4,715
China^{Census data footnote 162}	12,005	5,660	6,355	17,155	7,755	9,395
France	1,250	725	525	69,665	39,885	29,780
Other	73,175	35,605	37,570	228,905	115,185	113,725
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	863,305	429,605	433,700	4,371,935	2,167,810	2,204,130
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	266,540	137,905	128,635	1,389,590	720,505	669,085
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	596,765	291,700	305,065	2,982,350	1,447,305	1,535,045
Location of study inside Canada	448,255	220,835	227,425	2,676,230	1,293,455	1,382,780
Same as province or territory of residence	312,355	153,220	159,135	2,567,605	1,238,320	1,329,280
Different than province or territory of residence	135,905	67,615	68,285	108,630	55,125	53,500
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	148,510	70,870	77,645	306,115	153,850	152,265
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	17,905	9,930	7,970	19,655	11,145	8,505
Philippines	26,965	10,280	16,690	10,545	2,935	7,610
India	17,685	8,625	9,060	4,865	2,465	2,400
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	11,570	6,525	5,045	7,390	4,245	3,145
China^{Census data footnote 162}	10,580	4,885	5,695	15,420	6,865	8,550
France	1,085	640	445	57,315	32,115	25,205
Other	62,720	29,980	32,740	190,930	94,085	96,850
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	1,197,285	594,870	602,410	6,634,280	3,260,040	3,374,245
In the labour force	874,540	465,665	408,880	4,255,500	2,214,735	2,040,765
Employed	793,590	419,905	373,685	3,949,325	2,037,105	1,912,220
Unemployed	80,950	45,755	35,195	306,170	177,630	128,540
Not in the labour force	322,740	129,210	193,530	2,378,780	1,045,300	1,333,480
Participation rate	73.0	78.3	67.9	64.1	67.9	60.5
Employment rate	66.3	70.6	62.0	59.5	62.5	56.7
Unemployment rate	9.3	9.8	8.6	7.2	8.0	6.3
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	1,197,285	594,870	602,410	6,634,280	3,260,035	3,374,240
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	292,620	115,250	177,370	2,228,315	967,660	1,260,655
Worked	904,660	479,620	425,035	4,405,965	2,292,375	2,113,585
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	452,730	262,190	190,550	2,084,020	1,145,805	938,215
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	451,925	217,435	234,495	2,321,945	1,146,575	1,175,375
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.6	43.3	41.7	42.5	42.7	42.3
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	874,540	465,660	408,880	4,255,500	2,214,735	2,040,765
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	17,265	7,915	9,350	101,485	51,640	49,850
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	857,280	457,750	399,525	4,154,015	2,163,095	1,990,915
Employee	753,930	392,560	361,375	3,664,920	1,863,740	1,801,185
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	103,345	65,190	38,155	489,090	299,355	189,730
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	874,540	465,665	408,880	4,255,500	2,214,735	2,040,765
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	17,265	7,910	9,355	101,490	51,640	49,850
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	857,275	457,750	399,530	4,154,010	2,163,095	1,990,915
0 Management occupations	99,450	64,225	35,220	418,450	263,585	154,875
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	149,680	45,785	103,895	677,390	210,525	466,865
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	90,620	70,650	19,970	286,270	222,375	63,895
3 Health occupations	55,610	11,155	44,455	295,765	57,160	238,610
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	86,440	27,755	58,690	502,945	147,145	355,795
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	22,275	9,260	13,015	135,730	64,370	71,365
6 Sales and service occupations	191,845	84,250	107,595	988,610	449,820	538,790
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	125,410	116,855	8,550	574,675	544,100	30,570
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	15,440	12,390	3,050	67,290	55,610	11,685
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	20,515	15,420	5,095	206,875	148,405	58,475
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	874,540	465,660	408,880	4,255,495	2,214,735	2,040,765
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	17,260	7,910	9,350	101,490	51,635	49,850
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	857,275	457,750	399,530	4,154,010	2,163,095	1,990,915
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	8,060	5,010	3,050	84,060	60,460	23,595
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	54,135	34,895	19,240	20,920	18,175	2,745
22 Utilities	9,370	6,020	3,345	28,410	20,650	7,755
23 Construction	82,100	70,690	11,410	254,055	223,770	30,285
31-33 Manufacturing	45,020	33,365	11,660	458,315	332,080	126,240
41 Wholesale trade	31,055	21,295	9,765	157,365	104,885	52,475
44-45 Retail trade	93,930	45,345	48,590	508,170	239,625	268,545
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	48,645	34,010	14,635	187,550	142,550	45,000
51 Information and cultural industries	16,535	9,780	6,760	100,775	59,705	41,070
52 Finance and insurance	30,670	13,105	17,565	165,140	66,175	98,965
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	17,270	9,690	7,580	61,380	36,505	24,875
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	87,980	51,080	36,900	288,715	161,030	127,685
55 Management of companies and enterprises	3,935	2,075	1,865	3,305	1,270	2,035
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	36,190	20,845	15,345	176,185	108,280	67,905
61 Educational services	53,390	16,440	36,950	306,575	96,170	210,405
62 Health care and social assistance	91,075	16,330	74,745	532,680	99,380	433,295
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	19,610	9,490	10,125	84,130	44,235	39,895
72 Accommodation and food services	58,315	24,560	33,755	278,500	123,235	155,265
81 Other services (except public administration)	36,995	15,545	21,450	193,700	89,455	104,245
91 Public administration	32,970	18,185	14,790	264,085	135,455	128,630
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	793,595	419,910	373,685	3,949,325	2,037,105	1,912,220
Worked at home	59,950	28,200	31,755	266,285	134,325	131,960
Worked outside Canada	3,420	2,625	800	10,600	7,580	3,020
No fixed workplace address	111,415	83,740	27,670	351,595	265,405	86,185
Worked at usual place	618,800	305,340	313,460	3,320,850	1,629,795	1,691,050
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	618,800	305,340	313,455	3,320,845	1,629,795	1,691,050
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	517,695	248,285	269,415	1,732,155	810,895	921,260
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	85,290	46,075	39,215	485,450	234,700	250,750
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	12,065	8,650	3,415	1,037,125	549,095	488,030
Commute to a different province or territory	3,750	2,330	1,415	66,125	35,110	31,015
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	730,215	389,085	341,130	3,672,445	1,895,200	1,777,240
Car, truck, van - as a driver	538,535	301,215	237,320	2,739,405	1,475,775	1,263,625
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	36,825	13,005	23,820	133,760	51,045	82,715
Public transit	99,260	44,485	54,775	503,285	217,465	285,820
Walked	33,950	16,060	17,890	205,350	93,595	111,760
Bicycle	10,500	7,355	3,150	54,625	36,470	18,155
Other method	11,140	6,960	4,170	36,010	20,845	15,170
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	730,215	389,080	341,130	3,672,440	1,895,200	1,777,240
Less than 15 minutes	136,275	61,580	74,700	1,035,455	493,225	542,235
15 to 29 minutes	288,215	153,450	134,765	1,200,455	617,010	583,445
30 to 44 minutes	193,110	110,650	82,460	777,955	425,640	352,310
45 to 59 minutes	65,965	36,565	29,405	343,540	184,440	159,100
60 minutes and over	46,650	26,845	19,805	315,035	174,875	140,160
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	730,215	389,085	341,130	3,672,440	1,895,205	1,777,240
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	51,280	36,110	15,170	256,150	192,835	63,315
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	152,385	93,335	59,055	675,585	420,120	255,465
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	212,760	110,115	102,650	1,133,510	527,925	605,580
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	128,640	59,460	69,180	714,935	296,300	418,630
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	78,365	33,695	44,670	349,845	148,715	201,125
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	106,780	56,365	50,410	542,425	309,295	233,125
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	929,720	491,055	438,660	4,529,770	2,352,115	2,177,655
Single responses	919,425	486,150	433,275	4,187,865	2,169,480	2,018,385
Official languages	909,380	480,955	428,430	4,153,710	2,152,290	2,001,420
English	907,140	480,310	426,830	541,720	294,935	246,780
French	2,245	645	1,600	3,611,990	1,857,350	1,754,640
Non-official languages	10,045	5,195	4,845	34,160	17,190	16,970
Aboriginal languages	50	30	25	12,670	6,180	6,490
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	8,350	4,095	4,260
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	8,285	4,060	4,220
Atikamekw	0	0	0	1,100	580	515
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	1,800	840	960
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	210	105	100
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	35	20	15
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5,145	2,515	2,630
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	30	20	10
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	25	20	10
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	45	15	25
Algonquin	0	0	0	45	20	30
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	10	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	4,305	2,080	2,220
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	4,290	2,075	2,215
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	15	0	15
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	10	0	15
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	45	25	25	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	45	25	25	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	10
Non-Aboriginal languages	9,995	5,170	4,825	21,490	11,005	10,480
Afro-Asiatic languages	340	205	135	1,895	1,125	775
Berber languages	0	0	0	35	10	30
Kabyle	0	0	0	15	0	20
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	0	10
Cushitic languages	0	10	10	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	10	0	10	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	335	200	130	1,860	1,110	745
Amharic	50	30	15	0	0	0
Arabic	240	155	85	1,715	1,045	665
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	10	10	0	10	0	10
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	25	10	20	140	70	70
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	15	10	10	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	10	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	835	305	530	1,725	850	870
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	315	140	175
Vietnamese	835	310	525	1,410	710	695
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	345	155	195	135	65	70
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	10	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	15	0	15	10	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	10	10	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	10
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	320	150	170	115	50	60
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	275	90	190
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	10	0	10
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	265	90	175
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Dravidian languages	20	0	10	150	75	75
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	15	10	10	145	75	70
Telugu	0	0	10	0	0	10
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Indo-European languages	3,265	1,810	1,455	10,165	5,255	4,910
Albanian	25	15	10	30	20	10
Armenian	0	0	0	275	130	145
Balto-Slavic languages	325	155	165	1,130	500	635
Baltic languages	0	0	0	15	0	10
Latvian	0	0	0	15	10	10
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	10	0
Slavic languages	325	160	170	1,115	495	625
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	15	10	0	10	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	55	20	30
Croatian	15	0	0	10	0	10
Czech	0	0	0	10	0	10
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	100	70	25	170	65	105
Russian	160	65	95	735	340	395
Serbian	10	0	10	10	15	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	25	0	25	110	35	75
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	125	75	50	1,285	575	715
Afrikaans	15	10	10	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	15	10	0
Dutch	0	0	0	25	10	15
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	95	60	35	370	170	195
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	10	0	0	15	10	10
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	860	375	485
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	15	10	10	525	260	270
Indo-Iranian languages	1,895	1,135	765	1,385	780	600
Indo-Aryan languages	1,760	1,050	715	680	390	295
Bengali	15	10	10	110	70	35
Gujarati	15	10	10	20	0	10
Hindi	105	55	55	35	20	15
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	30	15	10	20	0	10
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,465	915	555	415	225	190
Sindhi	10	0	10	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	10	10	0	0	0
Urdu	105	45	65	85	50	35
Iranian languages	135	85	50	700	395	305
Kurdish	0	0	0	15	0	15
Pashto	15	15	0	10	0	15
Persian (Farsi)	120	65	50	675	385	285
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	10	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	880	420	460	5,525	2,990	2,540
Catalan	0	0	0	15	0	15
Italian	10	10	0	590	315	275
Portuguese	95	45	45	635	365	270
Romanian	50	30	20	320	140	175
Spanish	730	340	390	3,975	2,165	1,810
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Japanese	90	35	60	235	80	150
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Georgian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Korean	495	210	285	300	150	150
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	25	10	20	45	25	20
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	10	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	10	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	25	10	20	25	20	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	10	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	10
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	60	20	40	205	60	140
American Sign Language	30	0	20	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	125	20	110
Sign languages, n.i.e	30	15	15	70	45	30
Sino-Tibetan languages	4,410	2,350	2,055	6,070	3,125	2,945
Chinese languages	4,370	2,330	2,040	6,075	3,130	2,950
Cantonese	2,845	1,465	1,380	2,655	1,325	1,330
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	1,385	780	605	3,100	1,630	1,465
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	10	0	70	40	30
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	15	10	10
Chinese, n.o.s.	125	75	50	235	130	110
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	40	20	15	0	0	0
Burmese	10	10	10	0	0	0
Karenic languages	15	10	10	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	20	15	10	110	40	75
Lao	0	0	0	55	25	30
Thai	25	10	15	55	10	40
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	20	10	15	110	60	50
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	25	10	15	110	55	55
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	55	35	20	40	10	40
Estonian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	55	35	15	35	0	35
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Multiple responses	10,290	4,905	5,390	341,900	182,635	159,265
English and French	1,770	690	1,080	315,620	169,365	146,255
English and non-official language	8,355	4,130	4,220	6,545	3,655	2,890
French and non-official language	20	10	10	7,525	3,460	4,065
English, French and non-official language	145	70	75	12,205	6,160	6,055
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	929,715	491,050	438,660	4,529,770	2,352,110	2,177,655
None	889,705	470,855	418,850	3,107,035	1,588,345	1,518,690
English	5,470	2,520	2,950	1,031,380	555,940	475,440
French	8,545	3,855	4,690	317,490	169,785	147,705
Non-official language	25,310	13,470	11,835	49,850	25,900	23,950
Aboriginal	140	55	85	4,985	2,285	2,705
Non-Aboriginal	25,170	13,420	11,750	44,865	23,620	21,245
English and French	25	10	15	2,185	1,040	1,140
English and non-official language	110	55	60	14,910	7,255	7,655
French and non-official language	560	295	265	6,855	3,795	3,055
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	65	50	20
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	1,460,030	729,620	730,415	7,880,315	3,897,740	3,982,575
Non-movers	1,232,685	615,060	617,620	6,965,520	3,447,320	3,518,195
Movers	227,350	114,555	112,790	914,800	450,420	464,380
Non-migrants	158,390	80,545	77,845	547,410	269,850	277,560
Migrants	68,960	34,015	34,945	367,385	180,565	186,820
Internal migrants	46,830	23,065	23,770	305,465	149,335	156,135
Intraprovincial migrants	29,785	14,835	14,945	284,280	137,945	146,330
Interprovincial migrants	17,050	8,225	8,825	21,190	11,385	9,805
External migrants	22,125	10,955	11,175	61,920	31,235	30,685
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	1,383,920	690,395	693,530	7,520,960	3,714,155	3,806,805
Non-movers	747,715	371,835	375,880	4,825,870	2,388,805	2,437,065
Movers	636,205	318,560	317,650	2,695,090	1,325,345	1,369,740
Non-migrants	370,660	187,130	183,530	1,507,665	741,220	766,440
Migrants	265,550	131,430	134,115	1,187,425	584,125	603,295
Internal migrants	171,970	85,775	86,190	949,170	464,830	484,340
Intraprovincial migrants	88,185	44,040	44,145	893,800	436,525	457,270
Interprovincial migrants	83,785	41,735	42,045	55,370	28,300	27,070
External migrants	93,580	45,655	47,930	238,250	119,295	118,960

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

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Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

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Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

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Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 35 referrer

Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 36 referrer

Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 179 referrer

Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Return to footnote 180 referrer

Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Return to footnote 181 referrer

Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Calgary [Economic region], Alberta and Quebec [Province] (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 14, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Calgary [Economic region], Alberta and Quebec [Province]

Census Profile, 2016 Census Calgary [Economic region], Alberta and Quebec [Province]

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Calgary [Economic region], Alberta and Quebec [Province]