Census Profile, 2016 Census
Lower Mainland--Southwest [Economic region], British Columbia and Quebec [Province]

The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).

Characteristic	Lower Mainland--Southwest British Columbia [Economic region]			Quebec [Province]
	Data quality , Lower Mainland--Southwest [Economic region], British Columbia  Map : Lower Mainland--Southwest [Economic region], British Columbia Change geography 1			Data quality : Quebec [Province]  Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016Census data footnote 1	2,832,000	...	...	8,164,361	...	...
Population, 2011Census data footnote 1	2,657,713 r	...	...	7,903,001	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	6.6	...	...	3.3	...	...
Total private dwellingsCensus data footnote 2	1,185,037	...	...	3,858,943	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residentsCensus data footnote 3	1,099,698	...	...	3,531,663	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	78.0	...	...	6.0	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	36,303.31	...	...	1,356,625.27	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% dataCensus data footnote 4	2,832,000	1,385,250	1,446,745	8,164,360	4,016,760	4,147,605
0 to 14 years	426,565	220,025	206,535	1,333,260	682,535	650,720
0 to 4 years	137,035	70,665	66,370	444,930	227,965	216,970
5 to 9 years	145,140	75,025	70,115	469,165	240,225	228,940
10 to 14 years	144,395	74,340	70,050	419,160	214,345	204,815
15 to 64 years	1,951,420	957,425	993,995	5,335,910	2,664,630	2,671,280
15 to 19 years	163,615	84,180	79,435	429,825	219,070	210,755
20 to 24 years	188,560	96,505	92,060	500,100	252,600	247,500
25 to 29 years	201,755	100,410	101,345	495,410	248,030	247,380
30 to 34 years	206,890	101,985	104,910	515,505	256,440	259,070
35 to 39 years	191,215	92,570	98,650	550,540	274,595	275,945
40 to 44 years	191,610	91,030	100,580	506,525	254,100	252,425
45 to 49 years	208,560	99,900	108,660	519,425	260,410	259,015
50 to 54 years	217,900	106,435	111,470	619,435	309,070	310,370
55 to 59 years	203,870	98,630	105,240	636,475	314,190	322,285
60 to 64 years	177,430	85,785	91,645	562,670	276,140	286,535
65 years and over	454,020	207,800	246,220	1,495,195	669,590	825,605
65 to 69 years	153,355	73,380	79,975	488,175	236,395	251,775
70 to 74 years	105,975	50,555	55,425	373,590	176,905	196,690
75 to 79 years	77,930	35,965	41,965	256,905	116,020	140,890
80 to 84 years	57,030	25,825	31,210	187,835	78,390	109,450
85 years and over	59,720	22,070	37,645	188,685	61,885	126,805
85 to 89 years	36,760	14,920	21,840	120,635	43,795	76,840
90 to 94 years	17,290	5,740	11,545	53,165	15,155	38,015
95 to 99 years	4,835	1,230	3,605	13,035	2,685	10,350
100 years and over	835	180	655	1,850	255	1,600
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	15.1	15.9	14.3	16.3	17.0	15.7
15 to 64 years	68.9	69.1	68.7	65.4	66.3	64.4
65 years and over	16.0	15.0	17.0	18.3	16.7	19.9
85 years and over	2.1	1.6	2.6	2.3	1.5	3.1
Average age of the population	41.0	40.1	41.9	41.9	40.9	42.9
Median age of the population	41.0	39.8	42.0	42.5	41.4	43.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% dataCensus data footnote 5	1,099,700	...	...	3,531,660	...	...
Single-detached house	357,895	...	...	1,602,680	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	161,655	...	...	187,800	...	...
Other attached dwellingCensus data footnote 6	572,070	...	...	1,717,680	...	...
Semi-detached house	24,985	...	...	188,245	...	...
Row house	106,955	...	...	93,350	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	172,450	...	...	265,195	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	266,175	...	...	1,154,955	...	...
Other single-attached house	1,500	...	...	15,940	...	...
Movable dwellingCensus data footnote 7	8,075	...	...	23,505	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% dataCensus data footnote 8	1,099,700	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
1 person	310,905	...	...	1,175,230	...	...
2 persons	349,285	...	...	1,227,765	...	...
3 persons	172,935	...	...	489,460	...	...
4 persons	157,590	...	...	426,250	...	...
5 or more persons	108,985	...	...	212,960	...	...
Number of persons in private households	2,785,950	...	...	7,965,455	...	...
Average household size	2.5	...	...	2.3	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% dataCensus data footnote 9	2,405,435	1,165,225	1,240,210	6,831,105	3,334,220	3,496,885
Married or living common law	1,375,715	685,820	689,895	3,844,145	1,924,750	1,919,395
Married	1,187,600	591,000	596,605	2,342,980	1,172,720	1,170,260
Living common law	188,115	94,820	93,295	1,501,160	752,025	749,135
Not married and not living common law	1,029,720	479,405	550,315	2,986,960	1,409,475	1,577,490
Never married	704,075	375,990	328,085	2,010,580	1,084,300	926,280
Separated	59,290	24,410	34,880	103,625	46,390	57,240
Divorced	147,960	55,515	92,445	483,195	194,430	288,760
Widowed	118,390	23,485	94,910	389,555	84,345	305,210
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% dataCensus data footnote 10	783,325	...	...	2,257,560	...	...
2 persons	382,340	...	...	1,204,955	...	...
3 persons	178,990	...	...	466,310	...	...
4 persons	165,005	...	...	412,160	...	...
5 or more persons	56,990	...	...	174,140	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% dataCensus data footnote 11	783,320	...	...	2,257,560	...	...
Total couple families	663,130	...	...	1,878,095	...	...
Married couples	569,090	...	...	1,128,355	...	...
Common-law couples	94,040	...	...	749,740	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	120,190	...	...	379,460	...	...
Female parent	96,730	...	...	284,900	...	...
Male parent	23,460	...	...	94,565	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	663,135	...	...	1,878,095	...	...
Couples without children	306,065	...	...	970,260	...	...
Couples with children	357,065	...	...	907,840	...	...
1 child	145,235	...	...	356,640	...	...
2 children	157,010	...	...	384,875	...	...
3 or more children	54,820	...	...	166,315	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	120,190	...	...	379,465	...	...
1 child	76,275	...	...	234,695	...	...
2 children	33,755	...	...	109,670	...	...
3 or more children	10,165	...	...	35,100	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	523,050	244,290	278,755	1,579,070	775,765	803,305
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% dataCensus data footnote 12	1,099,700	...	...	3,531,660	...	...
One-census-family households	692,915	...	...	2,197,340	...	...
Without children in a census familyCensus data footnote 13	267,200	...	...	947,305	...	...
With children in a census familyCensus data footnote 14	425,720	...	...	1,250,040	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	43,235	...	...	29,595	...	...
Non-census-family households	363,545	...	...	1,304,725	...	...
One-person households	310,905	...	...	1,175,230	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	52,640	...	...	129,500	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% dataCensus data footnote 15	2,803,495	1,371,550	1,431,945	8,066,560	3,977,275	4,089,285
English only	2,463,925	1,224,910	1,239,015	372,445	187,595	184,860
French only	1,215	580	630	4,032,640	1,874,545	2,158,095
English and French	192,685	85,790	106,895	3,586,410	1,884,135	1,702,275
Neither English nor French	145,670	60,275	85,395	75,065	31,000	44,060
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% dataCensus data footnote 16	2,803,495	1,371,550	1,431,945	8,066,555	3,977,270	4,089,285
English	2,614,385	1,290,090	1,324,290	964,120	482,985	481,135
French	29,945	15,035	14,915	6,750,945	3,320,380	3,430,560
English and French	15,285	7,020	8,260	278,710	144,060	134,655
Neither English nor French	143,885	59,405	84,475	72,775	29,845	42,930
Official language minority (number)Census data footnote 17	37,590	18,545	19,045	1,103,480	555,015	548,465
Official language minority (percentage)Census data footnote 17	1.3	1.4	1.3	13.7	14.0	13.4
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% dataCensus data footnote 18	2,803,495	1,371,550	1,431,945	8,066,555	3,977,270	4,089,285
Single responses	2,719,185	1,330,900	1,388,280	7,881,650	3,884,675	3,996,975
Official languages	1,628,860	821,870	806,990	6,820,815	3,366,970	3,453,845
English	1,599,230	806,985	792,245	601,155	301,860	299,300
French	29,630	14,880	14,745	6,219,665	3,065,115	3,154,550
Non-official languages	1,090,325	509,030	581,290	1,060,830	517,700	543,125
Aboriginal languages	1,400	650	755	45,570	22,530	23,040
Algonquian languages	385	160	225	33,140	16,365	16,770
Blackfoot	20	0	20	5	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	270	125	140	31,430	15,575	15,855
Atikamekw	0	0	0	6,150	3,135	3,015
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	5	8,715	4,155	4,555
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	5	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	590	285	305
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	135	55	80
Plains Cree	45	15	30	5	0	5
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	35	15	15
Swampy Cree	20	5	5	5	5	0
Woods Cree	20	10	5	10	5	5
Cree, n.o.s.	175	80	95	15,790	7,920	7,875
Eastern Algonquian languages	5	5	5	485	225	260
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	5	5	0	485	220	260
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	85	30	60	1,215	565	645
Algonquin	0	0	0	1,185	555	630
Ojibway	80	30	50	20	10	15
Oji-Cree	5	0	5	5	0	5
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	5
Athabaskan languages	120	50	70	15	10	5
Northern Athabaskan languages	115	50	65	15	10	5
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	5	0	5	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	45	15	25	0	0	0
Chilcotin	30	15	10	0	0	0
Dene	20	10	10	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	10	10	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Sekani	5	0	0	0	5	0
Slavey-Hare languages	5	0	5	10	5	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	5	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Tahltan languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	5	0	0
Haida	15	5	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	25	10	15	11,970	5,955	6,015
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	15	5	10	11,895	5,925	5,970
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	75	25	45
Iroquoian languages	5	0	0	375	165	210
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	5	0	0	365	160	210
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	5	5	5
Kutenai	0	0	5	0	0	0
Michif	10	10	5	5	5	0
Salish languages	560	280	275	5	0	0
Comox	0	0	5	0	0	0
Halkomelem	75	40	35	0	0	0
Lillooet	300	150	150	0	0	0
Okanagan	5	5	5	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	15	15	5	0	0	0
Squamish	35	15	15	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	35	15	20	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	95	50	45	0	5	0
Siouan languages	25	15	15	0	0	0
Dakota	20	10	10	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	100	40	55	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	50	20	30	0	0	0
Nisga'a	25	15	15	0	0	0
Tsimshian	20	10	15	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	70	30	40	0	0	0
Haisla	10	5	5	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	20	10	15	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	25	10	15	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	10	5	5	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	85	45	45	65	30	35
Non-Aboriginal languages	1,088,920	508,380	580,540	1,015,260	495,175	520,090
Afro-Asiatic languages	21,410	11,395	10,015	197,535	104,185	93,355
Berber languages	100	65	35	20,845	11,125	9,720
Kabyle	35	25	10	12,470	6,625	5,840
Berber languages, n.i.e.	65	40	25	8,375	4,500	3,875
Cushitic languages	1,370	685	685	1,125	545	580
Bilen	5	5	0	10	10	5
Oromo	175	100	75	15	10	5
Somali	1,175	580	600	1,075	515	560
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	30	20	10
Semitic languages	19,900	10,620	9,275	175,215	92,310	82,900
Amharic	1,165	570	595	745	340	405
Arabic	14,875	8,035	6,840	169,890	89,590	80,300
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	635	310	325	150	80	70
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	435	240	200	15	10	5
Harari	25	10	15	0	5	5
Hebrew	1,805	985	825	3,885	2,040	1,845
Maltese	100	45	55	25	10	15
Tigrigna	705	350	360	385	185	205
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	145	80	65	110	60	50
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	45	25	20	355	200	155
Austro-Asiatic languages	25,495	11,685	13,810	36,305	17,030	19,275
Khmer (Cambodian)	1,255	570	685	8,855	4,105	4,750
Vietnamese	24,205	11,100	13,105	27,425	12,920	14,505
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	35	15	20	25	10	15
Austronesian languages	84,740	34,635	50,105	21,635	7,800	13,835
Bikol	320	140	175	115	35	80
Cebuano	3,340	1,325	2,015	885	270	610
Fijian	425	215	210	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	1,310	490	820	410	125	275
Ilocano	4,725	1,870	2,855	2,060	745	1,315
Malagasy	15	5	10	1,250	590	660
Malay	3,575	1,570	2,005	705	265	440
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	645	295	345	205	90	110
Pangasinan	275	120	155	95	40	50
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	69,045	28,155	40,895	15,545	5,480	10,065
Waray-Waray	180	70	110	50	10	40
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	880	380	500	320	140	180
Creole languages	690	355	330	56,990	25,220	31,770
Haitian Creole	30	20	10	2,220	1,055	1,170
Creole, n.o.s.	420	205	210	53,785	23,675	30,110
Creole languages, n.i.e.	245	130	110	980	490	490
Dravidian languages	6,425	3,395	3,025	14,865	7,435	7,430
Kannada	235	120	115	240	130	110
Malayalam	1,850	955	900	440	235	205
Tamil	3,320	1,720	1,600	13,600	6,715	6,880
Telugu	975	580	400	570	345	230
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	45	20	25	15	10	5
Hmong-Mien languages	135	70	65	25	10	15
Indo-European languages	473,365	231,000	242,370	553,045	269,625	283,420
Albanian	1,225	630	590	2,795	1,420	1,370
Armenian	1,100	545	555	16,430	7,970	8,460
Balto-Slavic languages	61,285	28,650	32,635	68,155	30,960	37,195
Baltic languages	700	295	405	850	335	515
Latvian	355	160	195	290	120	175
Lithuanian	350	140	205	555	215	340
Slavic languages	60,585	28,355	32,230	67,310	30,630	36,675
Belarusan	65	35	35	80	45	35
Bosnian	1,225	610	610	1,620	805	815
Bulgarian	1,770	825	945	6,985	3,385	3,600
Croatian	5,645	2,735	2,910	2,330	1,165	1,170
Czech	4,025	1,925	2,100	1,465	690	775
Macedonian	255	125	135	205	105	95
Polish	12,975	6,090	6,890	13,935	6,065	7,865
Russian	19,060	8,655	10,410	28,565	12,715	15,850
Serbian	6,395	3,275	3,120	3,140	1,590	1,545
Serbo-Croatian	1,170	555	615	1,805	865	940
Slovak	2,610	1,165	1,445	1,040	455	585
Slovene (Slovenian)	605	285	320	755	350	405
Ukrainian	4,585	1,980	2,605	5,210	2,285	2,920
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	195	95	95	175	90	85
Celtic languages	350	185	160	155	95	60
Scottish Gaelic	140	70	65	20	15	10
Welsh	140	75	65	40	20	20
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	70	40	30	90	55	30
Germanic languages	52,285	24,765	27,515	27,540	13,280	14,260
Afrikaans	1,735	870	860	125	60	65
Danish	2,515	1,245	1,275	395	190	200
Dutch	11,210	5,405	5,805	2,825	1,395	1,430
Frisian	155	75	85	10	10	0
German	33,475	15,695	17,785	13,670	6,340	7,330
Icelandic	180	80	95	65	30	35
Norwegian	1,015	500	520	200	100	100
Swedish	1,490	650	845	555	255	300
Vlaams (Flemish)	230	115	110	540	240	300
Yiddish	225	115	105	8,985	4,560	4,420
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	40	25	15	175	100	75
Greek	5,095	2,640	2,455	38,635	19,435	19,205
Indo-Iranian languages	276,335	136,855	139,485	76,040	39,205	36,835
Indo-Aryan languages	231,470	114,305	117,165	45,845	23,875	21,970
Bengali	2,720	1,415	1,305	10,995	5,620	5,380
Gujarati	6,410	3,030	3,380	6,070	2,980	3,090
Hindi	25,065	11,975	13,090	3,030	1,635	1,390
Kashmiri	45	30	20	20	15	5
Konkani	230	115	110	110	60	55
Marathi	545	290	260	255	145	110
Nepali	950	500	445	1,505	740	765
Oriya (Odia)	65	35	30	35	20	15
Punjabi (Panjabi)	183,165	90,735	92,435	12,380	6,720	5,660
Sindhi	1,595	740	855	330	160	165
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	1,515	755	760	645	310	330
Urdu	9,170	4,685	4,480	10,470	5,460	5,010
Iranian languages	44,500	22,360	22,145	29,760	15,105	14,655
Kurdish	1,715	910	805	985	550	430
Pashto	1,075	570	505	1,285	680	610
Persian (Farsi)	41,705	20,875	20,835	27,490	13,875	13,615
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	370	190	175	440	225	210
Italic (Romance) languages	75,690	36,725	38,970	323,290	157,260	166,030
Catalan	130	75	60	320	170	150
Italian	16,075	8,070	8,010	104,600	51,705	52,895
Portuguese	12,445	5,880	6,565	36,770	17,735	19,035
Romanian	7,790	3,800	3,990	35,840	17,170	18,665
Spanish	39,190	18,865	20,330	145,635	70,405	75,235
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	65	40	25	125	75	50
Japanese	17,795	6,085	11,715	2,525	775	1,750
Kartvelian languages	65	35	25	170	80	85
Georgian	65	35	25	170	80	90
Korean	47,895	21,580	26,315	5,160	2,270	2,890
Mongolic languages	345	150	200	190	75	115
Mongolian	345	145	200	195	80	115
Niger-Congo languages	2,845	1,430	1,415	28,355	14,360	13,995
Akan (Twi)	420	230	190	1,050	520	525
Bamanankan	10	5	5	1,200	655	545
Edo	85	45	35	75	45	30
Ewe	60	30	25	730	400	325
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	20	15	5	2,055	1,080	970
Ga	30	15	20	80	40	40
Ganda	70	35	30	35	15	20
Igbo	165	100	65	120	70	50
Lingala	60	20	30	2,465	1,185	1,285
Rundi (Kirundi)	105	40	55	3,345	1,600	1,745
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	105	45	55	2,500	1,115	1,380
Shona	160	70	85	85	45	40
Swahili	650	320	330	3,010	1,460	1,545
Wolof	30	10	20	3,230	1,745	1,485
Yoruba	225	130	95	255	155	100
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	670	305	360	8,135	4,235	3,895
Nilo-Saharan languages	305	155	155	345	180	165
Dinka	90	55	35	5	5	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	215	95	115	335	170	165
Sign languages	720	380	335	1,330	700	630
American Sign Language	300	150	150	65	35	30
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	670	330	340
Sign languages, n.i.e	415	230	185	595	340	255
Sino-Tibetan languages	390,745	178,580	212,160	76,840	35,775	41,065
Chinese languages	388,415	177,415	211,000	76,490	35,600	40,895
Cantonese	185,300	85,535	99,765	24,375	11,505	12,875
Hakka	2,210	970	1,245	470	215	260
Mandarin	176,645	80,060	96,585	43,700	20,175	23,525
Min Dong	225	105	120	20	10	15
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10,765	4,800	5,965	3,225	1,480	1,745
Wu (Shanghainese)	4,360	1,920	2,445	1,075	465	605
Chinese, n.o.s.	8,710	3,945	4,770	3,535	1,710	1,825
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	195	80	115	90	40	45
Tibeto-Burman languages	2,330	1,165	1,160	345	175	170
Burmese	1,045	530	515	80	30	50
Karenic languages	785	380	405	70	40	30
Tibetan	275	140	135	110	65	50
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	220	115	110	85	45	40
Tai-Kadai languages	3,100	1,120	1,980	4,895	2,185	2,710
Lao	1,025	515	515	4,115	1,995	2,120
Thai	2,055	595	1,460	765	180	585
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	15	10	10	10	5	10
Turkic languages	3,785	2,080	1,700	7,980	4,095	3,880
Azerbaijani	500	275	220	290	160	130
Turkish	2,845	1,605	1,235	7,155	3,685	3,470
Uyghur	165	85	85	205	100	105
Uzbek	100	45	50	145	70	75
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	175	75	100	185	80	105
Uralic languages	8,670	4,040	4,630	6,400	2,985	3,410
Estonian	490	210	280	195	75	120
Finnish	2,205	905	1,300	360	125	240
Hungarian	5,970	2,925	3,050	5,835	2,790	3,045
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0	0	5
Other languages, n.i.e.	395	210	185	685	385	300
Multiple responses	84,315	40,655	43,665	184,905	92,600	92,310
English and French	5,985	2,890	3,095	72,395	36,695	35,695
English and non-official language	74,945	36,180	38,765	27,485	13,545	13,945
French and non-official language	1,655	805	855	67,075	33,110	33,970
English, French and non-official language	1,735	780	950	17,950	9,245	8,705
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% dataCensus data footnote 19	2,803,495	1,371,550	1,431,945	8,066,560	3,977,270	4,089,285
Single responses	2,602,790	1,275,740	1,327,050	7,743,740	3,819,315	3,924,425
Official languages	1,945,020	966,960	978,060	7,157,850	3,536,165	3,621,685
English	1,935,230	962,115	973,115	782,185	391,125	391,060
French	9,790	4,850	4,940	6,375,665	3,145,040	3,230,625
Non-official languages	657,770	308,775	348,990	585,890	283,150	302,735
Aboriginal languages	160	70	90	40,190	20,205	19,980
Algonquian languages	30	10	20	28,695	14,385	14,310
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	20	5	10	28,110	14,105	14,005
Atikamekw	0	0	0	5,465	2,825	2,640
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	7,375	3,590	3,790
Moose Cree	0	0	0	5	5	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	590	295	290
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	60	30	30
Plains Cree	5	5	0	5	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	15	5	10
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	5	5	5
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	5	0
Cree, n.o.s.	20	5	10	14,590	7,355	7,235
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	220	115	110
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	220	110	105
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	5	0	370	170	200
Algonquin	0	0	0	360	165	195
Ojibway	10	5	5	5	5	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	20	10	10	0	0	5
Northern Athabaskan languages	20	5	15	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	5	5	10	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	5	0	5	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	5	5	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	11,375	5,770	5,615
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	5	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	11,350	5,750	5,600
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	15	10
Iroquoian languages	5	5	0	70	35	35
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	70	35	30
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	55	30	30	5	5	5
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	10	0	5	0	0	0
Lillooet	30	15	15	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	5	5	5	0	0	0
Squamish	5	5	5	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	5	5	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	5	0	0
Siouan languages	10	5	5	0	0	0
Dakota	10	5	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	20	5	10	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	10	5	5	0	0	0
Nisga'a	10	0	5	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	5	0	5	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	5	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	5	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	20	10	10	35	10	25
Non-Aboriginal languages	657,605	308,700	348,900	545,695	262,940	282,755
Afro-Asiatic languages	12,260	6,145	6,115	91,660	46,550	45,110
Berber languages	40	20	20	7,495	3,895	3,605
Kabyle	20	10	10	5,105	2,660	2,450
Berber languages, n.i.e.	20	15	10	2,390	1,235	1,150
Cushitic languages	700	315	380	535	240	295
Bilen	0	0	0	5	0	5
Oromo	80	40	35	5	0	0
Somali	610	270	345	520	230	290
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	5	5	5
Semitic languages	11,515	5,805	5,705	83,520	42,365	41,160
Amharic	540	250	290	340	150	185
Arabic	8,995	4,560	4,430	81,105	41,150	39,955
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	400	200	205	95	50	45
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	310	165	145	10	0	5
Harari	10	5	5	5	0	5
Hebrew	795	410	390	1,705	880	825
Maltese	5	5	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	360	170	190	205	95	105
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	95	45	50	60	25	35
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	105	50	55
Austro-Asiatic languages	15,890	7,370	8,520	24,980	11,675	13,305
Khmer (Cambodian)	635	295	335	5,180	2,370	2,805
Vietnamese	15,240	7,060	8,175	19,790	9,295	10,495
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	15	10	10	15	5	10
Austronesian languages	36,345	16,075	20,270	9,715	3,960	5,750
Bikol	70	30	35	15	5	10
Cebuano	1,120	505	615	230	100	125
Fijian	110	55	55	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	375	160	215	130	55	75
Ilocano	1,500	640	855	740	305	435
Malagasy	5	5	5	360	185	170
Malay	1,065	490	580	175	85	95
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	140	65	70	60	30	30
Pangasinan	55	25	30	10	5	10
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	31,570	13,940	17,630	7,905	3,150	4,760
Waray-Waray	55	25	30	15	10	10
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	290	140	150	75	35	35
Creole languages	305	135	170	20,705	8,780	11,925
Haitian Creole	5	0	5	855	380	475
Creole, n.o.s.	225	95	130	19,405	8,200	11,210
Creole languages, n.i.e.	80	40	45	440	200	240
Dravidian languages	3,465	1,750	1,720	11,400	5,595	5,805
Kannada	95	40	55	150	85	65
Malayalam	950	480	470	200	100	100
Tamil	1,955	975	985	10,720	5,215	5,500
Telugu	460	250	205	330	190	135
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	10	5	5
Hmong-Mien languages	60	25	30	15	5	5
Indo-European languages	250,500	121,860	128,635	303,215	146,100	157,115
Albanian	565	270	290	1,615	795	820
Armenian	525	230	290	11,990	5,680	6,310
Balto-Slavic languages	26,725	12,830	13,895	40,405	19,085	21,325
Baltic languages	165	75	95	190	80	105
Latvian	70	30	40	75	40	40
Lithuanian	95	40	50	115	40	70
Slavic languages	26,555	12,755	13,805	40,220	19,000	21,220
Belarusan	15	5	5	25	15	15
Bosnian	565	280	285	965	475	495
Bulgarian	940	435	505	5,125	2,495	2,630
Croatian	1,820	855	965	1,015	475	545
Czech	1,140	580	560	460	220	240
Macedonian	120	55	65	130	65	65
Polish	4,765	2,270	2,490	5,970	2,695	3,270
Russian	11,215	5,320	5,895	20,680	9,775	10,900
Serbian	3,500	1,775	1,725	2,010	1,020	990
Serbo-Croatian	440	205	235	960	470	490
Slovak	855	415	435	245	120	130
Slovene (Slovenian)	65	30	35	225	95	135
Ukrainian	1,090	510	580	2,365	1,060	1,300
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	35	15	15	40	15	25
Celtic languages	40	20	20	30	20	10
Scottish Gaelic	15	10	10	5	5	0
Welsh	20	5	10	10	10	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	15	15	5
Germanic languages	6,425	3,000	3,420	9,890	4,980	4,905
Afrikaans	665	315	350	15	10	10
Danish	210	100	100	50	25	25
Dutch	1,015	470	545	375	170	205
Frisian	10	5	5	0	0	0
German	4,105	1,895	2,205	2,550	1,190	1,365
Icelandic	55	25	30	30	15	20
Norwegian	75	35	40	20	5	10
Swedish	250	120	135	105	50	60
Vlaams (Flemish)	20	10	10	70	35	40
Yiddish	10	5	0	6,665	3,485	3,180
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	10	5	5
Greek	1,780	860	925	18,545	8,865	9,680
Indo-Iranian languages	182,115	89,165	92,955	53,555	26,845	26,710
Indo-Aryan languages	152,620	74,855	77,765	31,575	15,985	15,585
Bengali	1,595	785	805	8,180	4,055	4,125
Gujarati	2,790	1,235	1,560	3,840	1,860	1,985
Hindi	11,650	5,515	6,135	1,535	790	745
Kashmiri	5	5	5	5	0	0
Konkani	40	20	20	30	15	15
Marathi	250	125	120	80	40	40
Nepali	560	295	270	1,355	655	700
Oriya (Odia)	35	20	20	15	10	5
Punjabi (Panjabi)	129,170	63,680	65,495	8,840	4,690	4,155
Sindhi	595	255	340	135	65	75
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	615	300	315	365	185	180
Urdu	5,320	2,630	2,690	7,180	3,620	3,565
Iranian languages	29,305	14,210	15,090	21,745	10,740	11,010
Kurdish	1,055	535	525	510	280	235
Pashto	665	335	330	925	460	465
Persian (Farsi)	27,585	13,350	14,235	20,310	10,005	10,305
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	190	95	95	235	120	120
Italic (Romance) languages	32,330	15,490	16,840	167,190	79,835	87,355
Catalan	60	30	35	110	50	60
Italian	4,020	1,750	2,270	32,935	14,595	18,340
Portuguese	5,225	2,485	2,740	17,260	8,250	9,005
Romanian	3,520	1,695	1,825	24,520	12,000	12,525
Spanish	19,490	9,525	9,960	92,330	44,920	47,415
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	35	20	15
Japanese	8,645	3,575	5,075	1,050	425	620
Kartvelian languages	20	10	5	70	35	35
Georgian	20	10	10	70	40	35
Korean	35,705	16,415	19,295	3,540	1,630	1,910
Mongolic languages	165	75	85	145	70	75
Mongolian	160	80	90	145	70	75
Niger-Congo languages	765	345	425	7,250	3,450	3,800
Akan (Twi)	125	70	60	445	215	235
Bamanankan	5	0	5	265	135	125
Edo	20	10	10	10	5	5
Ewe	15	5	10	140	60	80
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	530	255	280
Ga	0	0	5	15	5	10
Ganda	5	5	5	5	5	5
Igbo	35	20	15	15	10	10
Lingala	35	10	25	625	270	355
Rundi (Kirundi)	55	20	35	1,110	510	600
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	45	15	30	530	225	305
Shona	45	20	25	20	10	10
Swahili	165	70	95	1,100	535	565
Wolof	5	0	0	1,035	555	480
Yoruba	40	20	20	55	25	25
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	160	70	90	1,350	635	710
Nilo-Saharan languages	135	60	75	135	70	65
Dinka	55	30	20	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	85	30	55	130	65	65
Sign languages	940	515	425	1,770	1,000	775
American Sign Language	320	160	155	90	35	50
Quebec Sign Language	5	0	5	700	360	340
Sign languages, n.i.e	620	355	260	985	600	385
Sino-Tibetan languages	287,365	131,920	155,445	60,370	28,925	31,450
Chinese languages	285,705	131,085	154,620	60,155	28,805	31,345
Cantonese	132,670	60,485	72,180	17,845	8,470	9,375
Hakka	680	280	395	155	75	80
Mandarin	139,860	64,645	75,215	37,075	17,870	19,200
Min Dong	60	30	35	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	4,665	2,120	2,550	1,830	830	1,000
Wu (Shanghainese)	2,500	1,150	1,350	780	355	420
Chinese, n.o.s.	5,155	2,325	2,830	2,435	1,190	1,240
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	100	45	55	40	20	20
Tibeto-Burman languages	1,660	835	825	215	115	100
Burmese	685	350	340	35	15	20
Karenic languages	705	345	365	65	40	30
Tibetan	180	95	85	70	45	30
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	85	45	45	40	20	20
Tai-Kadai languages	1,140	500	640	2,375	1,145	1,230
Lao	435	210	225	2,150	1,055	1,100
Thai	695	285	415	225	90	135
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	5	5	5	0	0	0
Turkic languages	1,590	830	760	5,120	2,540	2,575
Azerbaijani	180	95	85	100	50	55
Turkish	1,225	645	585	4,715	2,340	2,370
Uyghur	100	50	50	140	75	70
Uzbek	40	25	15	105	50	55
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	40	15	20	65	30	35
Uralic languages	2,190	1,035	1,155	2,025	895	1,130
Estonian	75	30	45	30	10	20
Finnish	495	225	275	50	20	30
Hungarian	1,620	785	835	1,945	860	1,085
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	115	55	65	150	90	60
Multiple responses	200,710	95,815	104,895	322,820	157,960	164,860
English and French	3,910	1,875	2,030	86,715	43,820	42,890
English and non-official language	193,705	92,555	101,150	54,400	26,255	28,140
French and non-official language	535	240	295	139,385	66,610	72,775
English, French and non-official language	2,560	1,135	1,425	42,320	21,270	21,045
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% dataCensus data footnote 20	2,803,495	1,371,550	1,431,945	8,066,555	3,977,275	4,089,285
None	2,249,180	1,108,510	1,140,675	6,825,240	3,356,340	3,468,900
English	244,785	118,650	126,135	513,410	263,670	249,735
French	22,820	10,360	12,455	320,370	158,340	162,030
Non-official language	277,825	129,870	147,955	317,790	154,450	163,340
Aboriginal	1,440	680	755	5,700	2,645	3,060
Non-Aboriginal	276,385	129,185	147,200	312,085	151,810	160,280
English and French	1,020	465	555	36,235	18,285	17,955
English and non-official language	5,060	2,370	2,690	28,630	14,075	14,555
French and non-official language	2,710	1,285	1,430	23,470	11,365	12,095
English, French and non-official language	85	45	40	1,420	740	680
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% dataCensus data footnote 21	2,359,980	1,143,780	1,216,205	6,634,295	3,260,155	3,374,145
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	2,263,230	1,097,500	1,165,730	6,417,615	3,160,595	3,257,020
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	32,405	38,991	27,391	32,975	37,842	28,522
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	2,266,270	1,100,245	1,166,025	6,419,175	3,160,780	3,258,400
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	29,270	34,158	25,579	29,535	33,110	26,119
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	2,034,790	1,003,285	1,031,505	5,685,690	2,866,470	2,819,220
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	32,175	39,492	26,202	30,067	35,597	25,012
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	1,575,265	671,850	903,420	4,973,245	2,300,800	2,672,445
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	2,847	1,483	3,722	7,307	5,851	8,246
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	1,700,820	863,460	837,360	4,627,795	2,408,420	2,219,370
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	33,005	39,839	27,429	31,263	35,627	27,219
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 22	2,360,010	1,143,755	1,216,260	6,634,280	3,260,040	3,374,245
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	2,263,515	1,097,270	1,166,245	6,417,010	3,159,415	3,257,595
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	46,142	55,079	37,735	42,546	49,087	36,203
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	2,266,585	1,100,070	1,166,515	6,418,440	3,159,550	3,258,890
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	38,095	44,153	32,383	34,887	39,292	30,616
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	2,034,275	1,002,715	1,031,560	5,685,905	2,866,415	2,819,485
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	46,383	56,119	36,919	40,505	47,810	33,079
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	1,575,245	671,185	904,060	4,972,650	2,299,595	2,673,050
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	6,404	6,206	6,552	8,590	7,846	9,229
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	1,700,825	863,425	837,395	4,627,775	2,408,655	2,219,120
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	45,163	54,051	35,998	40,382	45,974	34,313
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 23	2,360,010	1,143,750	1,216,255	6,634,280	3,260,040	3,374,240
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 24	726,080	414,225	311,860	2,036,965	1,114,940	922,025
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)Census data footnote 25	54,361	60,328	48,283	47,111	51,622	42,433
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)Census data footnote 26	66,709	74,780	55,988	56,564	62,750	49,085
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% dataCensus data footnote 27	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)Census data footnote 28	90.4	93.1	86.6	84.4	88.3	79.1
Employment income (%)Census data footnote 29	73.6	77.2	68.6	68.4	71.4	64.6
Government transfers (%)Census data footnote 30	9.6	6.9	13.4	15.6	11.7	20.9
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% dataCensus data footnote 31	2,359,985	1,143,775	1,216,205	6,634,295	3,260,155	3,374,140
Without total income	96,755	46,275	50,480	216,685	99,555	117,125
With total income	2,263,230	1,097,505	1,165,725	6,417,615	3,160,595	3,257,020
Percentage with total income	95.9	96.0	95.8	96.7	96.9	96.5
Under $10,000 (including loss)	379,360	161,345	218,020	789,595	351,935	437,660
$10,000 to $19,999	399,980	164,660	235,315	1,188,135	476,630	711,500
$20,000 to $29,999	290,520	122,995	167,530	976,210	428,390	547,830
$30,000 to $39,999	246,310	110,555	135,755	852,735	414,105	438,625
$40,000 to $49,999	216,680	102,005	114,670	747,995	378,215	369,780
$50,000 to $59,999	171,470	87,240	84,235	540,265	292,110	248,150
$60,000 to $69,999	133,090	74,720	58,365	375,935	214,805	161,130
$70,000 to $79,999	101,915	59,560	42,360	286,025	164,240	121,790
$80,000 to $89,999	80,390	47,760	32,625	189,350	113,715	75,635
$90,000 to $99,999	57,335	35,475	21,860	122,750	80,090	42,660
$100,000 and over	186,180	131,190	54,990	348,620	246,360	102,255
$100,000 to $149,999	121,035	82,855	38,180	236,515	164,145	72,370
$150,000 and over	65,150	48,335	16,810	112,105	82,215	29,885
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% dataCensus data footnote 32	2,359,985	1,143,775	1,216,205	6,634,295	3,260,150	3,374,140
Without after-tax income	93,715	43,530	50,180	215,120	99,375	115,750
With after-tax income	2,266,270	1,100,250	1,166,020	6,419,175	3,160,780	3,258,395
Percentage with after-tax income	96.0	96.2	95.9	96.8	97.0	96.6
Under $10,000 (including loss)	393,465	169,995	223,465	822,725	359,045	463,675
$10,000 to $19,999	418,950	175,390	243,560	1,246,480	505,165	741,315
$20,000 to $29,999	342,985	148,440	194,535	1,192,885	541,080	651,810
$30,000 to $39,999	290,545	132,940	157,605	1,096,510	553,200	543,315
$40,000 to $49,999	240,205	118,335	121,870	793,150	425,040	368,115
$50,000 to $59,999	174,880	96,725	78,155	498,475	283,130	215,345
$60,000 to $69,999	124,580	73,005	51,575	309,415	180,470	128,945
$70,000 to $79,999	89,825	53,595	36,230	167,895	108,500	59,395
$80,000 and over	190,840	131,820	59,020	291,635	205,155	86,485
$80,000 to $89,999	56,960	36,765	20,195	95,010	64,670	30,335
$90,000 to $99,999	36,120	24,605	11,515	55,980	39,080	16,905
$100,000 and over	97,760	70,450	27,310	140,645	101,405	39,240
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% dataCensus data footnote 33	2,359,985	1,143,780	1,216,205	6,634,295	3,260,155	3,374,145
Without employment income	659,160	280,320	378,845	2,006,505	851,730	1,154,775
With employment income	1,700,820	863,460	837,365	4,627,790	2,408,420	2,219,375
Percentage with employment income	72.1	75.5	68.9	69.8	73.9	65.8
Under $5,000 (including loss)	244,220	109,730	134,490	606,300	311,780	294,520
$5,000 to $9,999	129,965	55,085	74,880	367,030	162,150	204,885
$10,000 to $19,999	230,480	101,020	129,455	681,920	305,995	375,920
$20,000 to $29,999	190,490	85,735	104,760	586,140	269,950	316,195
$30,000 to $39,999	176,405	81,450	94,955	565,425	277,135	288,285
$40,000 to $49,999	161,450	76,815	84,635	476,665	247,105	229,560
$50,000 to $59,999	129,645	68,330	61,315	359,180	203,580	155,600
$60,000 to $69,999	102,940	60,195	42,745	266,650	156,255	110,395
$70,000 to $79,999	81,320	48,935	32,380	224,040	129,890	94,150
$80,000 and over	253,910	176,170	77,740	494,440	344,585	149,855
$80,000 to $89,999	65,415	39,925	25,495	139,830	90,295	49,540
$90,000 to $99,999	46,105	29,835	16,275	93,860	64,160	29,700
$100,000 and over	142,390	106,410	35,975	260,745	190,125	70,620
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% dataCensus data footnote 34	1,099,695	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	72,196	...	...	59,822	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	63,053	...	...	52,207	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	310,905	...	...	1,175,230	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	37,372	...	...	31,574	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	33,199	...	...	28,469	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	788,795	...	...	2,356,430	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	91,035	...	...	78,645	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	79,340	...	...	67,665	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 35	1,099,700	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	94,975	...	...	77,306	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	78,518	...	...	63,404	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	310,915	...	...	1,174,695	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	48,938	...	...	40,042	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	40,547	...	...	33,262	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	788,785	...	...	2,356,970	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	113,122	...	...	95,878	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	93,485	...	...	78,426	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% dataCensus data footnote 36	1,099,700	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
Under $5,000	30,630	...	...	47,170	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	17,065	...	...	56,315	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	32,640	...	...	119,570	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	43,985	...	...	180,865	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	42,275	...	...	179,690	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	41,105	...	...	154,150	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	42,415	...	...	185,000	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	42,545	...	...	184,435	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	42,390	...	...	179,855	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	42,405	...	...	170,445	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	80,975	...	...	313,600	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	75,570	...	...	273,620	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	69,635	...	...	241,940	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	63,805	...	...	208,620	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	57,215	...	...	176,355	...	...
$100,000 and over	375,045	...	...	860,030	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	115,425	...	...	327,435	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	82,570	...	...	204,105	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	92,765	...	...	192,155	...	...
$200,000 and over	84,285	...	...	136,335	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% dataCensus data footnote 32	1,099,700	...	...	3,531,660	...	...
Under $5,000	32,700	...	...	50,445	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	17,320	...	...	57,335	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	33,215	...	...	120,860	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	45,480	...	...	190,300	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	48,020	...	...	202,905	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	49,460	...	...	187,365	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	51,105	...	...	231,765	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	51,010	...	...	225,695	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	51,270	...	...	211,990	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	49,860	...	...	202,760	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	93,555	...	...	363,775	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	84,995	...	...	309,825	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	77,590	...	...	256,150	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	67,820	...	...	208,765	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	58,630	...	...	166,295	...	...
$100,000 and over	287,680	...	...	545,440	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	111,745	...	...	269,170	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	69,220	...	...	130,225	...	...
$150,000 and over	106,720	...	...	146,045	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% dataCensus data footnote 37	752,860	...	...	2,261,890	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	91,058	...	...	79,378	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	79,285	...	...	68,152	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.1	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	262,680	...	...	930,195	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	83,407	...	...	70,075	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	72,424	...	...	60,224	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	355,980	...	...	911,980	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	111,233	...	...	105,246	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	96,154	...	...	88,844	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	4.1	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	107,585	...	...	364,085	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	52,944	...	...	52,708	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	48,241	...	...	47,805	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 38	752,275	...	...	2,262,045	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	113,507	...	...	96,863	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	93,570	...	...	79,060	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	262,190	...	...	929,645	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	106,855	...	...	86,304	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	86,973	...	...	70,167	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	356,320	...	...	912,560	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	133,464	...	...	122,835	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	109,910	...	...	99,279	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	107,230	...	...	363,610	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	66,377	...	...	61,753	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	57,086	...	...	53,052	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% dataCensus data footnote 21	445,180	215,390	229,790	1,433,210	711,180	722,030
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)Census data footnote 39	31,939	33,649	30,619	29,195	31,526	27,210
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)Census data footnote 39	28,854	30,052	27,923	26,706	28,214	25,434
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 40	444,385	214,355	230,025	1,430,625	708,225	722,405
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)Census data footnote 41	42,880	45,497	40,441	37,684	39,840	35,571
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)Census data footnote 41	35,905	37,587	34,337	31,513	32,729	30,321
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% dataCensus data footnote 42	2,785,950	1,363,490	1,422,460	7,965,455	3,941,475	4,023,970
In the bottom half of the distribution	1,368,265	652,270	715,990	4,577,885	2,216,770	2,361,115
In the bottom decile	341,810	163,715	178,095	747,785	368,385	379,395
In the second decile	265,710	122,465	143,240	898,605	408,705	489,900
In the third decile	248,540	118,045	130,495	997,185	481,975	515,210
In the fourth decile	252,745	121,750	130,995	996,230	490,275	505,960
In the fifth decile	259,460	126,290	133,170	938,080	467,425	470,655
In the top half of the distribution	1,417,690	711,220	706,470	3,387,565	1,724,710	1,662,855
In the sixth decile	263,840	129,595	134,245	881,640	444,865	436,775
In the seventh decile	270,630	134,665	135,960	806,685	409,470	397,220
In the eighth decile	280,375	140,545	139,830	700,450	357,000	343,455
In the ninth decile	292,430	147,565	144,870	557,160	286,195	270,960
In the top decile	310,410	158,850	151,565	441,630	227,185	214,445
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% dataCensus data footnote 43	2,765,265	1,353,365	1,411,895	7,921,505	3,919,560	4,001,945
0 to 17 years	516,045	266,115	249,925	1,564,410	800,455	763,960
0 to 5 years	163,605	84,390	79,210	532,410	272,790	259,625
18 to 64 years	1,826,895	890,630	936,270	5,021,875	2,498,900	2,522,980
65 years and over	422,320	196,615	225,700	1,335,220	620,210	715,010
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	447,165	210,170	236,995	1,160,190	542,405	617,785
0 to 17 years	96,245	49,470	46,775	222,955	114,410	108,540
0 to 5 years	28,685	14,645	14,035	75,270	38,595	36,670
18 to 64 years	282,590	131,785	150,805	688,130	334,825	353,305
65 years and over	68,325	28,910	39,415	249,110	93,170	155,930
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	16.2	15.5	16.8	14.6	13.8	15.4
0 to 17 years (%)	18.7	18.6	18.7	14.3	14.3	14.2
0 to 5 years (%)	17.5	17.4	17.7	14.1	14.1	14.1
18 to 64 years (%)	15.5	14.8	16.1	13.7	13.4	14.0
65 years and over (%)	16.2	14.7	17.5	18.7	15.0	21.8
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	362,850	173,035	189,820	731,340	358,085	373,260
0 to 17 years	73,360	37,575	35,785	129,325	66,400	62,925
0 to 5 years	21,070	10,705	10,365	44,375	22,705	21,675
18 to 64 years	250,495	119,190	131,305	514,540	261,485	253,060
65 years and over	39,000	16,265	22,730	87,475	30,205	57,270
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	13.1	12.8	13.4	9.2	9.1	9.3
0 to 17 years (%)	14.2	14.1	14.3	8.3	8.3	8.2
0 to 5 years (%)	12.9	12.7	13.1	8.3	8.3	8.3
18 to 64 years (%)	13.7	13.4	14.0	10.2	10.5	10.0
65 years and over (%)	9.2	8.3	10.1	6.6	4.9	8.0
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 44	2,785,950	1,363,495	1,422,455	7,965,450	3,941,440	4,024,015
Official languages	2,640,970	1,303,270	1,337,695	7,891,110	3,911,220	3,979,890
English	2,639,805	1,302,720	1,337,090	3,930,690	2,058,470	1,872,225
French	192,705	85,720	106,980	7,522,350	3,725,145	3,797,200
Non-official languages	1,306,390	615,640	690,750	1,610,980	776,265	834,720
Aboriginal languages	2,870	1,285	1,590	50,890	25,190	25,700
Algonquian languages	550	220	330	37,515	18,545	18,965
Blackfoot	15	0	15	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	355	165	190	34,415	17,050	17,370
Atikamekw	0	0	0	6,640	3,335	3,305
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	9,850	4,735	5,115
Moose Cree	10	0	10	0	10	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	775	385	385
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	260	130	130
Plains Cree	105	50	50	10	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	35	25	10
Swampy Cree	20	0	15	15	0	10
Woods Cree	20	10	0	10	10	0
Cree, n.o.s.	210	100	105	17,175	8,600	8,575
Eastern Algonquian languages	20	10	0	885	460	420
Malecite	0	10	0	10	0	0
Mi'kmaq	15	0	10	880	460	425
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	160	40	120	2,340	1,105	1,235
Algonquin	15	0	10	2,240	1,055	1,185
Ojibway	130	35	95	105	50	50
Oji-Cree	15	0	15	10	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	20	10
Athabaskan languages	105	35	65	20	10	10
Northern Athabaskan languages	100	30	70	20	15	10
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	10	0	10	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	55	15	45	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	20	10	10	10	0	10
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	10
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	10	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	10	10	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	10	0
Tahltan languages	10	10	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	10	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	10	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	10	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Haida	70	40	30	0	0	0
Inuit languages	60	35	35	12,595	6,270	6,330
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	10	10	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	45	20	30	12,485	6,210	6,270
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	115	60	60
Iroquoian languages	25	10	15	740	360	375
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	20	10	10	690	350	335
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	50	15	35
Kutenai	0	0	10	0	0	0
Michif	40	20	25	30	15	10
Salish languages	1,630	740	885	0	0	0
Comox	15	0	20	0	0	0
Halkomelem	270	95	175	0	0	0
Lillooet	735	375	360	0	0	0
Okanagan	35	10	25	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	25	10	15	0	0	0
Squamish	275	120	150	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	55	25	30	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	225	110	115	0	0	0
Siouan languages	35	15	20	0	0	0
Dakota	20	10	15	10	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	190	80	110	0	0	10
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	60	15	40	0	0	0
Nisga'a	70	30	40	0	0	0
Tsimshian	65	30	35	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	110	45	60	0	0	0
Haisla	30	10	25	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	15	0	10	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	55	40	20	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	10	0	10	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	90	50	40	90	40	55
Non-Aboriginal languages	1,303,630	614,405	689,225	1,560,375	751,215	809,160
Afro-Asiatic languages	30,405	15,945	14,460	301,035	157,545	143,490
Berber languages	135	90	45	27,595	14,650	12,945
Kabyle	65	40	25	16,170	8,580	7,590
Berber languages, n.i.e.	65	50	15	11,580	6,150	5,425
Cushitic languages	1,880	875	1,010	1,550	745	805
Bilen	15	0	10	35	20	10
Oromo	190	110	80	45	30	10
Somali	1,680	760	920	1,460	680	780
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	10	10	0
Semitic languages	28,645	15,140	13,500	286,625	149,970	136,660
Amharic	1,775	915	860	1,145	540	600
Arabic	20,905	11,210	9,695	267,965	140,280	127,685
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	760	370	390	195	95	95
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	565	280	280	10	0	0
Harari	55	40	20	0	0	0
Hebrew	4,755	2,465	2,285	18,035	9,490	8,540
Maltese	205	105	100	40	10	25
Tigrigna	945	515	430	420	195	225
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	300	160	145	180	85	95
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	105	50	60	810	430	380
Austro-Asiatic languages	31,905	15,255	16,650	46,050	21,955	24,095
Khmer (Cambodian)	1,530	675	860	11,840	5,620	6,220
Vietnamese	30,450	14,600	15,855	34,580	16,520	18,060
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	60	30	30	40	25	15
Austronesian languages	110,050	45,925	64,120	31,230	11,820	19,410
Bikol	500	210	290	105	45	60
Cebuano	4,390	1,675	2,715	1,105	360	750
Fijian	1,015	595	415	15	0	10
Hiligaynon	1,420	620	805	540	195	350
Ilocano	5,790	2,255	3,535	2,500	890	1,610
Malagasy	10	10	10	1,980	940	1,040
Malay	6,565	3,110	3,460	1,210	525	690
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	810	355	455	195	95	100
Pangasinan	440	175	260	60	20	40
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	99,505	40,840	58,665	26,705	9,785	16,915
Waray-Waray	275	120	155	55	10	45
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	1,250	620	625	540	270	275
Creole languages	1,975	1,075	905	115,445	51,970	63,475
Haitian Creole	85	30	55	4,910	2,285	2,620
Creole, n.o.s.	1,130	615	515	108,315	48,615	59,705
Creole languages, n.i.e.	775	440	340	2,835	1,390	1,445
Dravidian languages	9,165	4,855	4,310	18,710	9,495	9,210
Kannada	450	210	235	415	210	205
Malayalam	2,690	1,445	1,250	510	285	220
Tamil	4,990	2,605	2,385	17,245	8,680	8,565
Telugu	1,505	875	630	930	540	390
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	70	25	40	15	10	0
Hmong-Mien languages	150	80	75	35	15	25
Indo-European languages	606,020	295,920	310,100	912,945	435,785	477,155
Albanian	1,345	685	665	3,375	1,730	1,645
Armenian	1,525	765	760	20,290	9,790	10,500
Balto-Slavic languages	70,430	33,565	36,865	88,425	41,725	46,700
Baltic languages	700	340	365	1,080	500	585
Latvian	355	190	165	335	150	185
Lithuanian	345	150	200	755	350	410
Slavic languages	69,925	33,325	36,605	87,520	41,315	46,205
Belarusan	210	100	115	365	150	215
Bosnian	1,905	960	950	1,975	990	985
Bulgarian	2,060	905	1,155	7,345	3,595	3,750
Croatian	8,215	4,035	4,185	3,580	1,760	1,820
Czech	5,110	2,410	2,700	2,070	975	1,095
Macedonian	350	185	165	285	140	145
Polish	14,920	7,050	7,875	17,760	8,090	9,665
Russian	25,195	11,850	13,340	46,665	22,265	24,400
Serbian	8,195	4,205	3,990	4,050	1,980	2,070
Serbo-Croatian	1,270	615	660	2,385	1,140	1,245
Slovak	3,395	1,615	1,775	1,520	705	820
Slovene (Slovenian)	810	365	445	970	490	480
Ukrainian	6,715	2,940	3,775	9,015	3,885	5,135
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	265	130	130	150	75	75
Celtic languages	1,275	690	580	495	305	195
Scottish Gaelic	375	240	130	155	95	65
Welsh	165	65	100	85	45	40
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	735	395	340	265	175	95
Germanic languages	74,345	35,630	38,715	63,370	31,835	31,530
Afrikaans	4,835	2,450	2,380	415	260	150
Danish	2,965	1,380	1,590	835	410	420
Dutch	13,630	6,490	7,145	5,060	2,665	2,395
Frisian	235	120	120	15	10	0
German	49,850	24,225	25,630	43,475	21,950	21,530
Icelandic	240	120	115	140	80	60
Norwegian	1,655	840	815	510	255	255
Swedish	3,150	1,365	1,785	1,580	785	795
Vlaams (Flemish)	265	135	135	760	265	495
Yiddish	400	190	215	12,375	6,225	6,155
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	90	55	30	270	125	140
Greek	7,620	3,910	3,710	51,060	25,520	25,540
Indo-Iranian languages	336,265	167,320	168,945	93,655	48,040	45,615
Indo-Aryan languages	287,450	142,700	144,750	59,570	30,870	28,700
Bengali	3,180	1,625	1,550	12,870	6,610	6,260
Gujarati	10,885	5,150	5,735	7,950	3,860	4,090
Hindi	75,365	36,670	38,690	15,570	8,285	7,280
Kashmiri	50	25	25	45	35	15
Konkani	375	185	185	150	70	75
Marathi	1,315	680	645	475	240	230
Nepali	1,205	600	600	1,445	725	720
Oriya (Odia)	70	35	35	55	35	20
Punjabi (Panjabi)	224,725	112,300	112,425	17,860	9,690	8,165
Sindhi	3,160	1,355	1,805	500	240	255
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	2,275	1,175	1,100	1,335	625	710
Urdu	15,175	7,935	7,240	16,545	8,655	7,890
Iranian languages	49,840	25,165	24,670	35,420	17,830	17,585
Kurdish	2,145	1,140	1,000	1,255	665	590
Pashto	1,555	865	690	1,825	1,005	825
Persian (Farsi)	47,490	23,955	23,540	32,965	16,560	16,405
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	800	400	405	845	425	420
Italic (Romance) languages	128,015	60,770	67,250	627,545	293,620	333,920
Catalan	260	130	130	890	525	365
Italian	26,860	13,060	13,795	173,710	84,430	89,275
Portuguese	16,500	7,865	8,635	55,100	27,620	27,475
Romanian	8,915	4,380	4,540	42,655	20,550	22,110
Spanish	82,035	38,455	43,580	390,355	177,610	212,745
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	250	160	90	490	345	145
Japanese	30,230	13,165	17,075	7,040	3,340	3,695
Kartvelian languages	100	50	50	220	110	110
Georgian	100	55	45	215	105	110
Korean	52,875	24,230	28,645	6,260	2,825	3,430
Mongolic languages	335	160	175	270	135	130
Mongolian	335	160	175	265	135	130
Niger-Congo languages	6,235	3,245	2,995	52,840	26,665	26,175
Akan (Twi)	510	290	220	1,800	945	855
Bamanankan	30	15	10	2,385	1,240	1,145
Edo	130	75	60	190	95	95
Ewe	115	75	40	1,410	865	545
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	50	15	40	3,400	1,785	1,620
Ga	95	60	35	315	155	160
Ganda	115	60	55	90	40	55
Igbo	240	145	95	275	190	90
Lingala	240	110	130	9,630	4,430	5,200
Rundi (Kirundi)	105	35	65	4,490	2,210	2,285
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	210	95	115	3,535	1,640	1,895
Shona	285	130	150	150	75	80
Swahili	2,795	1,510	1,285	8,015	4,080	3,935
Wolof	30	15	15	6,555	3,545	3,015
Yoruba	620	315	310	885	485	395
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	1,455	680	775	17,720	9,125	8,595
Nilo-Saharan languages	345	170	175	695	345	350
Dinka	70	40	25	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	280	125	150	695	345	350
Sign languages	4,190	1,670	2,520	7,775	3,095	4,675
American Sign Language	2,340	830	1,515	675	245	435
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	4,405	1,590	2,815
Sign languages, n.i.e.	1,915	860	1,050	2,960	1,350	1,605
Sino-Tibetan languages	435,155	200,830	234,325	90,460	42,695	47,770
Chinese languages	432,595	199,535	233,065	90,060	42,480	47,580
Cantonese	224,860	104,045	120,820	31,885	14,900	16,980
Hakka	2,575	1,230	1,345	545	240	310
Mandarin	252,570	114,045	138,535	59,240	27,560	31,685
Min Dong	125	60	70	15	10	10
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	15,800	7,005	8,795	4,215	1,860	2,350
Wu (Shanghainese)	5,405	2,355	3,045	1,230	535	690
Chinese, n.o.s.	8,995	4,120	4,875	4,800	2,380	2,425
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	195	80	115	90	40	55
Tibeto-Burman languages	2,845	1,425	1,415	430	235	195
Burmese	1,395	685	710	140	75	60
Karenic languages	955	490	470	105	55	45
Tibetan	340	180	155	65	50	10
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	295	140	155	140	65	80
Tai-Kadai languages	4,370	1,795	2,580	7,280	3,400	3,880
Lao	1,510	705	805	5,785	2,850	2,935
Thai	3,085	1,170	1,915	2,255	875	1,375
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	15	10	10
Turkic languages	6,105	3,320	2,785	12,475	6,265	6,210
Azerbaijani	835	450	385	510	275	235
Turkish	5,005	2,710	2,295	11,415	5,755	5,665
Uyghur	110	50	55	230	110	120
Uzbek	170	95	75	230	105	125
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	250	135	110	235	115	120
Uralic languages	10,045	4,660	5,385	7,870	3,710	4,160
Estonian	545	225	320	150	55	95
Finnish	2,415	975	1,435	500	195	305
Hungarian	7,105	3,455	3,650	7,215	3,450	3,765
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	750	410	345	2,140	1,170	970
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 45	2,785,955	1,363,490	1,422,455	7,965,450	3,941,440	4,024,015
Canadian citizensCensus data footnote 46	2,438,345	1,198,880	1,239,475	7,585,545	3,753,190	3,832,350
Canadian citizens aged under 18	478,730	247,515	231,220	1,521,230	779,620	741,610
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	1,959,615	951,360	1,008,250	6,064,310	2,973,575	3,090,740
Not Canadian citizensCensus data footnote 47	347,600	164,620	182,980	379,910	188,245	191,665
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 48	2,785,950	1,363,495	1,422,455	7,965,450	3,941,440	4,024,015
Non-immigrantsCensus data footnote 49	1,642,775	827,820	814,950	6,788,085	3,365,345	3,422,735
ImmigrantsCensus data footnote 50	1,060,950	495,680	565,270	1,091,310	530,325	560,980
Before 1981	234,190	112,395	121,790	238,655	117,080	121,575
1981 to 1990	128,370	59,885	68,480	127,340	63,150	64,190
1991 to 2000	261,075	120,580	140,495	187,860	89,210	98,650
2001 to 2010	285,550	131,230	154,325	322,280	155,785	166,495
2001 to 2005	132,730	60,770	71,960	140,170	67,835	72,335
2006 to 2010	152,820	70,455	82,365	182,115	87,945	94,165
2011 to 2016Census data footnote 51	151,770	71,595	80,175	215,170	105,105	110,065
Non-permanent residentsCensus data footnote 52	82,225	39,990	42,235	86,065	45,765	40,295
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 53	1,060,955	495,685	565,270	1,091,305	530,325	560,980
Under 5 years	84,650	42,820	41,830	112,930	54,600	58,330
5 to 14 years	169,630	87,445	82,185	174,020	87,165	86,855
15 to 24 years	223,525	101,380	122,140	215,350	98,880	116,475
25 to 44 years	449,595	202,210	247,390	515,770	256,095	259,675
45 years and over	133,555	61,825	71,725	73,230	33,590	39,640
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 54	1,060,955	495,680	565,270	1,091,305	530,330	560,980
Americas	73,630	34,405	39,230	247,505	113,190	134,315
Brazil	3,155	1,295	1,860	7,345	3,515	3,830
Colombia	3,280	1,500	1,785	25,580	11,645	13,935
El Salvador	4,880	2,460	2,415	11,120	5,500	5,615
Guyana	1,005	470	535	2,490	1,085	1,410
Haiti	355	165	190	80,965	35,375	45,585
Jamaica	2,430	1,265	1,160	4,665	2,040	2,625
Mexico	8,415	3,660	4,755	15,820	7,090	8,730
Peru	2,790	1,185	1,605	13,265	5,945	7,325
Trinidad and Tobago	2,075	985	1,090	4,075	1,840	2,240
United StatesCensus data footnote 55	30,710	14,535	16,170	25,955	12,800	13,155
Other places of birth in Americas	14,530	6,880	7,655	56,235	26,370	29,870
Europe	195,870	96,100	99,775	311,090	154,910	156,185
Bosnia and Herzegovina	4,045	1,965	2,085	3,785	1,890	1,895
Croatia	4,215	2,140	2,070	2,140	1,085	1,050
France	3,780	1,975	1,800	81,225	43,490	37,735
Germany	16,720	8,055	8,665	9,750	4,365	5,390
Greece	3,030	1,600	1,420	18,420	9,135	9,285
Hungary	4,055	2,065	1,995	3,325	1,620	1,700
IrelandCensus data footnote 56	4,180	2,235	1,950	820	485	330
Italy	10,820	5,575	5,245	51,025	25,370	25,655
Netherlands	9,435	4,725	4,710	1,990	1,035	955
Poland	11,475	5,350	6,125	10,735	4,675	6,060
Portugal	4,850	2,415	2,435	18,985	9,185	9,800
Romania	7,685	3,715	3,970	28,695	13,695	15,005
Russian Federation	9,090	3,930	5,160	11,355	4,975	6,375
SerbiaCensus data footnote 57	3,880	1,945	1,935	1,790	830	960
Ukraine	6,125	2,900	3,225	8,670	3,800	4,870
United KingdomCensus data footnote 58	67,055	33,460	33,600	12,905	6,645	6,260
Other places of birth in Europe	25,425	12,045	13,385	45,500	22,630	22,870
Africa	34,215	17,305	16,910	241,410	125,250	116,165
Algeria	440	280	160	59,465	31,180	28,280
Egypt	2,260	1,225	1,040	19,490	10,290	9,200
Ethiopia	1,695	855	845	995	495	495
Kenya	4,245	1,975	2,275	785	355	430
Morocco	775	415	360	60,700	31,435	29,270
Nigeria	1,360	715	645	1,340	740	600
Somalia	1,020	485	535	580	270	310
South Africa, Republic of	9,070	4,675	4,400	865	475	385
Other places of birth in Africa	13,340	6,690	6,655	97,200	50,005	47,190
Asia	731,625	335,645	395,985	289,825	136,175	153,655
Afghanistan	4,910	2,475	2,435	7,280	3,640	3,640
Bangladesh	1,870	950	925	7,940	3,990	3,950
ChinaCensus data footnote 59	190,400	85,025	105,380	49,555	19,905	29,655
Hong KongCensus data footnote 60	72,080	33,105	38,975	4,730	2,290	2,435
India	149,035	72,570	76,465	17,865	9,195	8,670
IranCensus data footnote 61	35,450	18,010	17,440	17,760	8,880	8,885
Iraq	5,360	2,740	2,620	3,735	1,960	1,775
Japan	11,305	3,365	7,940	1,725	395	1,330
Korea, SouthCensus data footnote 62	38,265	17,415	20,845	4,230	1,995	2,230
Lebanon	1,920	1,080	835	39,135	20,800	18,340
Pakistan	9,590	4,925	4,665	10,010	5,260	4,750
Philippines	99,720	41,755	57,965	24,410	9,040	15,370
Sri Lanka	4,310	2,240	2,070	10,715	5,335	5,380
SyriaCensus data footnote 63	2,455	1,240	1,215	17,775	8,800	8,980
Taiwan	37,695	16,975	20,725	2,735	1,100	1,635
Viet Nam	25,045	11,730	13,315	25,440	11,765	13,675
Other places of birth in Asia	42,210	20,045	22,165	44,795	21,840	22,950
Oceania and other places of birthCensus data footnote 64	25,610	12,230	13,380	1,480	805	670
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 54	151,770	71,595	80,175	215,170	105,105	110,065
Americas	10,965	5,510	5,455	47,710	22,625	25,085
Brazil	1,005	460	550	3,010	1,495	1,520
Colombia	480	225	250	7,540	3,465	4,075
Cuba	75	40	40	2,565	1,260	1,315
Haiti	25	15	10	16,880	7,690	9,190
Jamaica	215	145	75	190	140	55
Mexico	2,410	1,215	1,195	4,210	1,955	2,255
United StatesCensus data footnote 55	4,555	2,375	2,180	3,990	2,265	1,720
VenezuelaCensus data footnote 65	230	105	125	1,955	935	1,020
Other places of birth in Americas	1,970	930	1,045	7,365	3,425	3,935
Europe	15,015	7,805	7,205	39,320	20,085	19,235
France	830	440	385	20,030	10,855	9,175
Germany	835	480	350	580	250	330
IrelandCensus data footnote 56	1,240	780	460	135	105	35
MoldovaCensus data footnote 66	210	115	100	3,750	1,695	2,055
Romania	595	255	335	2,945	1,260	1,685
Russian Federation	1,455	510	945	1,970	865	1,105
Ukraine	1,005	415	590	2,460	1,110	1,350
United KingdomCensus data footnote 58	4,570	2,710	1,860	860	565	290
Other places of birth in Europe	4,285	2,115	2,170	6,590	3,385	3,205
Africa	4,725	2,440	2,285	74,200	37,110	37,090
Algeria	55	35	20	16,380	8,060	8,320
Cameroon	55	20	30	7,550	3,705	3,845
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	110	70	50	3,370	1,655	1,715
Côte d'Ivoire	15	10	10	5,070	2,505	2,565
Egypt	550	290	250	4,360	2,260	2,095
Eritrea	295	165	135	50	30	20
Ethiopia	250	140	110	125	65	60
Morocco	145	80	60	13,475	6,675	6,805
Nigeria	465	230	235	540	280	260
Somalia	350	145	205	95	40	50
South Africa, Republic of	930	500	430	175	115	60
Tunisia	70	30	40	5,855	3,025	2,825
Other places of birth in Africa	1,425	725	700	17,155	8,690	8,470
Asia	118,640	54,515	64,125	53,595	25,070	28,525
Afghanistan	855	455	405	1,555	715	840
Bangladesh	390	185	205	860	455	405
ChinaCensus data footnote 59	36,160	16,125	20,035	10,705	4,805	5,895
Hong KongCensus data footnote 60	1,695	715	985	120	35	80
India	25,310	12,630	12,685	2,960	1,555	1,405
IranCensus data footnote 61	8,330	4,165	4,165	7,505	3,545	3,960
Iraq	1,865	915	950	985	465	515
Israel	300	170	125	645	390	255
Japan	1,940	500	1,440	330	30	295
Korea, SouthCensus data footnote 62	7,010	3,025	3,990	825	370	455
Lebanon	220	120	100	3,955	2,100	1,860
Nepal	225	90	130	360	165	195
Pakistan	1,735	875	860	1,815	920	895
Philippines	21,280	9,535	11,745	5,635	2,345	3,290
Saudi Arabia	340	150	190	435	210	225
Sri Lanka	510	250	255	860	380	480
SyriaCensus data footnote 63	1,900	960	940	7,455	3,740	3,715
Taiwan	2,350	920	1,430	170	60	105
Turkey	365	205	160	585	300	285
United Arab Emirates	350	180	175	300	160	145
Viet Nam	1,580	620	955	1,505	560	945
Other places of birth in Asia	3,935	1,740	2,195	4,025	1,765	2,265
Oceania and otherCensus data footnote 64	2,425	1,325	1,100	345	215	135
Australia	1,390	760	635	190	120	70
Other places of birthCensus data footnote 67	1,030	560	470	155	95	65
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 68	2,785,950	1,363,490	1,422,460	7,965,450	3,941,440	4,024,015
First generationCensus data footnote 69	1,164,225	546,545	617,680	1,204,895	590,175	614,720
Second generationCensus data footnote 70	692,475	350,455	342,020	792,085	399,535	392,550
Third generation or moreCensus data footnote 71	929,250	466,495	462,760	5,968,475	2,951,730	3,016,745
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 72	842,360	390,980	451,380	867,685	420,465	447,220
Economic immigrantsCensus data footnote 73	478,795	230,180	248,615	469,015	243,915	225,100
Principal applicantsCensus data footnote 74	184,285	108,865	75,425	224,720	137,975	86,745
Secondary applicantsCensus data footnote 75	294,505	121,320	173,190	244,300	105,945	138,360
Immigrants sponsored by familyCensus data footnote 76	277,865	115,910	161,960	241,225	96,130	145,095
RefugeesCensus data footnote 77	74,335	39,850	34,490	146,295	75,100	71,195
Other immigrantsCensus data footnote 78	11,360	5,040	6,325	11,150	5,320	5,825
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 79	2,785,950	1,363,495	1,422,460	7,965,450	3,941,440	4,024,010
Aboriginal identityCensus data footnote 80	90,735	43,175	47,560	182,885	91,890	90,995
Single Aboriginal responsesCensus data footnote 81	88,090	41,930	46,160	175,960	88,635	87,325
First Nations (North American Indian)Census data footnote 82	55,070	26,340	28,730	92,655	45,510	47,145
Métis	32,515	15,375	17,145	69,365	36,260	33,100
Inuk (Inuit)	500	210	290	13,940	6,865	7,075
Multiple Aboriginal responsesCensus data footnote 83	1,490	725	760	2,760	1,330	1,430
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhereCensus data footnote 84	1,160	515	645	4,170	1,930	2,245
Non-Aboriginal identity	2,695,215	1,320,320	1,374,895	7,782,560	3,849,550	3,933,015
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 85	2,785,955	1,363,495	1,422,455	7,965,455	3,941,440	4,024,015
Registered or Treaty IndianCensus data footnote 86	38,880	18,350	20,525	77,490	38,580	38,915
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	2,747,075	1,345,150	1,401,925	7,887,960	3,902,860	3,985,100
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 87	2,785,950	1,363,495	1,422,455	7,965,455	3,941,440	4,024,015
Aboriginal ancestry (only)Census data footnote 88	23,850	11,680	12,175	118,780	58,535	60,245
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)Census data footnote 89	23,400	11,460	11,940	115,480	56,930	58,550
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestryCensus data footnote 82	19,945	9,730	10,210	87,700	42,730	44,965
Métis single ancestry	3,300	1,655	1,645	17,585	9,225	8,360
Inuit single ancestry	160	75	80	10,200	4,980	5,220
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)Census data footnote 90	455	220	235	3,300	1,605	1,700
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	385	195	195	2,220	1,115	1,105
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	40	25	15	995	455	540
Métis and Inuit ancestries	30	0	25	65	25	40
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	20	10	15
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestriesCensus data footnote 91	82,685	39,360	43,325	240,650	113,905	126,740
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestriesCensus data footnote 92	79,535	37,970	41,570	235,365	111,205	124,165
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	52,240	24,945	27,295	193,625	90,650	102,975
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	26,790	12,790	14,000	37,080	18,320	18,760
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	505	235	270	4,660	2,230	2,425
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestriesCensus data footnote 93	3,150	1,395	1,755	5,280	2,700	2,575
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	3,055	1,370	1,685	4,040	2,105	1,940
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	30	0	30	990	475	515
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	40	15	25	225	110	115
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	20	0	15	25	15	10
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)Census data footnote 94	2,679,410	1,312,455	1,366,955	7,606,025	3,769,000	3,837,030
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 95	2,785,955	1,363,495	1,422,455	7,965,450	3,941,440	4,024,015
Total visible minority populationCensus data footnote 96	1,250,700	596,985	653,710	1,032,365	505,180	527,185
South AsianCensus data footnote 97	332,655	166,605	166,055	90,335	46,750	43,585
Chinese	479,145	224,140	255,005	99,505	44,370	55,135
Black	32,680	16,875	15,800	319,230	154,110	165,120
Filipino	127,275	55,855	71,420	34,910	14,275	20,635
Latin American	37,210	17,555	19,650	133,920	64,655	69,260
Arab	16,995	9,125	7,865	213,740	113,420	100,320
Southeast AsianCensus data footnote 98	47,510	22,710	24,795	62,820	29,960	32,865
West AsianCensus data footnote 99	46,420	23,715	22,705	32,405	16,200	16,210
Korean	55,375	25,580	29,790	8,055	3,865	4,190
Japanese	31,925	13,410	18,510	4,570	1,755	2,820
Visible minority, n.i.e.Census data footnote 100	6,960	3,400	3,560	9,840	4,670	5,175
Multiple visible minoritiesCensus data footnote 101	36,555	18,015	18,540	23,045	11,160	11,885
Not a visible minorityCensus data footnote 102	1,535,255	766,510	768,745	6,933,085	3,436,260	3,496,830
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 103	2,785,950	1,363,495	1,422,460	7,965,455	3,941,435	4,024,010
North American Aboriginal origins	106,540	51,040	55,500	359,430	172,440	186,985
First Nations (North American Indian)	75,720	36,270	39,455	289,610	137,550	152,065
Inuit	820	355	465	17,175	8,300	8,880
Métis	33,620	16,025	17,590	61,260	30,915	30,345
Other North American origins	439,735	219,965	219,765	4,850,145	2,390,545	2,459,605
Acadian	1,905	955	950	34,785	16,440	18,345
American	38,715	18,735	19,980	45,050	21,470	23,580
Canadian	412,140	206,505	205,640	4,647,840	2,288,280	2,359,555
New Brunswicker	15	0	0	750	370	380
Newfoundlander	805	465	345	570	280	295
Nova Scotian	85	45	40	365	155	215
Ontarian	45	35	15	1,345	660	685
Québécois	890	500	390	184,005	93,895	90,110
Other North American origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 104	235	115	120	205	110	100
European origins	1,452,805	720,230	732,570	3,037,890	1,511,060	1,526,825
British Isles origins	930,010	461,175	468,835	745,715	360,135	385,575
Channel Islander	200	105	95	1,440	725	720
Cornish	265	140	125	70	35	40
English	573,370	282,035	291,340	228,520	111,855	116,670
Irish	332,255	158,830	173,420	446,215	211,545	234,665
Manx	865	415	455	200	105	95
Scottish	414,800	203,290	211,510	215,030	103,395	111,635
Welsh	54,145	25,960	28,185	10,765	5,075	5,690
British Isles origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 105	66,330	32,735	33,600	32,525	15,440	17,080
French origins	182,475	87,615	94,860	1,878,795	941,770	937,025
Alsatian	125	50	70	1,050	520	525
Breton	50	15	35	11,140	5,410	5,725
Corsican	80	35	45	1,270	690	580
French	182,340	87,550	94,785	1,870,545	937,665	932,875
Western European origins (except French origins)	410,995	202,180	208,820	244,380	119,115	125,260
Austrian	25,455	11,990	13,465	12,710	6,285	6,430
Bavarian	80	45	35	40	30	20
Belgian	9,620	4,740	4,875	51,340	25,295	26,050
Dutch	112,435	55,435	56,995	26,000	12,805	13,190
Flemish	1,180	595	580	1,345	660	685
Frisian	430	190	245	15	20	0
German	289,180	142,260	146,920	142,225	68,250	73,975
Luxembourger	360	185	175	910	445	460
Swiss	13,990	6,965	7,020	24,500	12,615	11,885
Western European origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 106	510	230	285	125	80	50
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	160,860	77,325	83,535	25,460	12,490	12,975
Danish	28,535	13,830	14,705	5,700	2,815	2,885
Finnish	17,225	8,250	8,970	3,130	1,430	1,700
Icelandic	13,230	6,520	6,715	955	480	470
Norwegian	61,165	29,595	31,570	7,820	3,835	3,985
Swedish	50,575	23,285	27,295	6,840	3,275	3,565
Northern European origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 107	6,470	3,325	3,145	2,500	1,265	1,230
Eastern European origins	307,075	148,850	158,230	249,940	121,660	128,285
Bulgarian	3,155	1,455	1,700	9,570	4,675	4,895
Byelorussian	1,950	990	960	2,530	1,235	1,295
Czech	13,395	6,490	6,905	6,295	2,965	3,330
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.Census data footnote 108	3,300	1,600	1,695	2,150	1,100	1,050
Estonian	3,005	1,405	1,600	890	460	435
Hungarian	30,970	15,200	15,770	28,280	13,970	14,310
Latvian	2,815	1,430	1,385	1,740	835	905
Lithuanian	4,635	2,200	2,440	6,630	3,320	3,305
Moldovan	755	355	395	7,620	3,710	3,900
Polish	82,770	39,600	43,175	79,040	38,705	40,335
Romanian	19,850	9,650	10,205	53,060	25,935	27,125
Russian	73,035	34,960	38,075	55,230	26,405	28,830
Slovak	7,225	3,390	3,840	4,770	2,375	2,395
Ukrainian	114,455	55,670	58,785	42,550	20,575	21,975
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 109	2,430	1,125	1,310	2,900	1,505	1,400
Southern European origins	216,160	107,315	108,845	549,750	273,670	276,080
Albanian	1,545	755	785	3,760	1,950	1,805
Bosnian	2,845	1,405	1,440	2,970	1,485	1,490
Catalan	75	55	20	735	395	340
Croatian	16,635	8,565	8,070	6,745	3,375	3,370
Cypriot	370	215	155	480	240	245
Greek	17,690	9,105	8,590	71,330	36,235	35,090
Italian	98,515	49,760	48,760	326,700	162,650	164,045
Kosovar	215	110	105	505	295	210
Macedonian	920	485	435	775	400	370
Maltese	1,400	760	645	1,220	615	610
Montenegrin	600	290	315	450	250	200
Portuguese	26,515	13,145	13,375	69,805	34,825	34,980
Serbian	10,505	5,465	5,040	5,950	2,915	3,040
Sicilian	260	165	100	1,435	710	725
Slovenian	3,360	1,645	1,715	2,510	1,225	1,280
Spanish	48,080	22,230	25,855	85,360	41,745	43,615
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.Census data footnote 110	3,680	1,710	1,975	3,270	1,595	1,670
Southern European origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 111	270	120	150	300	155	145
Other European origins	21,440	11,170	10,265	38,670	19,875	18,800
Basque	555	325	230	3,620	1,930	1,690
Jewish	12,200	6,300	5,900	25,235	12,955	12,280
Roma (Gypsy)	375	155	225	475	270	205
Slavic, n.o.s.Census data footnote 112	550	280	270	360	180	185
Other European origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 113	7,890	4,170	3,725	9,215	4,690	4,530
Caribbean origins	18,050	9,030	9,015	201,625	93,935	107,690
Antiguan	155	80	75	380	170	205
Bahamian	190	105	85	430	205	225
Barbadian	1,410	740	670	5,570	2,585	2,985
Bermudan	170	85	85	115	50	65
Carib	60	35	25	405	150	255
Cuban	965	475	495	9,830	4,800	5,035
Dominican	550	255	295	11,560	5,320	6,235
Grenadian	280	155	130	1,965	790	1,175
Guadeloupean	10	0	10	1,010	475	535
Haitian	810	375	440	143,165	66,245	76,925
Jamaican	7,255	3,770	3,485	14,100	6,785	7,315
Kittitian/Nevisian	100	50	45	360	200	160
Martinican	20	0	20	1,775	820	950
Montserratan	20	10	10	240	140	105
Puerto Rican	320	135	180	530	270	255
St. Lucian	125	60	70	860	450	405
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	3,365	1,685	1,685	6,585	2,925	3,660
Vincentian/Grenadinian	330	150	185	4,020	1,695	2,325
West Indian, n.o.s.Census data footnote 114	1,560	720	845	5,635	2,610	3,025
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 115	1,525	750	775	4,195	1,995	2,205
Latin, Central and South American origins	54,280	26,245	28,035	167,275	81,215	86,065
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	1,990	1,030	960	6,100	2,885	3,210
Arawak	70	30	40	180	60	120
Argentinian	1,510	685	830	4,950	2,490	2,460
Belizean	40	15	20	80	40	40
Bolivian	220	85	135	1,730	815	915
Brazilian	4,475	2,025	2,445	8,345	4,075	4,275
Chilean	4,155	2,000	2,160	14,060	7,055	7,005
Colombian	4,860	2,380	2,475	33,965	15,915	18,050
Costa Rican	540	255	285	1,180	570	610
Ecuadorian	835	410	425	2,720	1,255	1,470
Guatemalan	2,210	1,140	1,070	10,175	5,380	4,795
Guyanese	1,360	715	645	3,670	1,810	1,860
Hispanic	1,345	645	695	1,155	570	585
Honduran	1,210	630	575	4,335	2,135	2,200
Maya	655	350	310	1,670	935	735
Mexican	16,750	7,980	8,765	26,930	13,185	13,745
Nicaraguan	1,155	535	620	2,805	1,360	1,445
Panamanian	210	105	105	1,460	755	710
Paraguayan	695	390	305	365	155	205
Peruvian	3,245	1,505	1,745	19,735	9,240	10,495
Salvadorean	6,030	3,015	3,020	19,200	9,535	9,665
Uruguayan	315	170	140	1,755	815	940
Venezuelan	1,620	780	835	7,475	3,430	4,045
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 116	2,730	1,340	1,390	5,845	2,965	2,880
African origins	44,450	22,695	21,750	382,665	196,910	185,755
Central and West African origins	5,305	2,850	2,455	86,695	44,720	41,975
Akan	30	20	10	630	325	310
Angolan	80	45	25	875	425	450
Ashanti	65	25	40	120	90	35
Beninese	30	15	15	4,125	2,220	1,915
Burkinabe	25	15	10	2,465	1,325	1,145
Cameroonian	105	60	40	17,095	8,635	8,465
Chadian	0	0	0	1,045	525	520
Congolese	685	360	320	20,210	9,960	10,250
Edo	80	55	25	110	60	45
Ewe	55	25	30	460	265	200
Gabonese	10	0	10	1,165	545	620
Gambian	25	10	10	150	95	55
Ghanaian	1,295	715	580	3,235	1,660	1,575
Guinean	125	40	80	5,255	2,765	2,485
Ibo	205	125	85	185	95	95
Ivorian	50	30	15	8,545	4,350	4,200
Liberian	215	90	125	150	60	90
Malian	40	25	10	3,535	1,755	1,775
Malinké	0	0	0	635	340	295
Nigerian	1,825	995	835	2,820	1,510	1,310
Peulh	25	0	15	2,110	1,080	1,030
Senegalese	45	35	20	8,250	4,420	3,835
Sierra Leonean	100	55	50	110	55	55
Togolese	85	45	35	4,080	2,210	1,870
Wolof	0	0	0	660	390	270
Yoruba	175	85	90	460	225	235
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 117	430	205	225	6,955	3,690	3,275
North African origins	7,985	4,195	3,785	225,125	117,725	107,410
Algerian	640	380	260	60,375	31,185	29,190
Berber	185	115	70	33,825	17,840	15,985
Coptic	125	70	55	685	385	305
Dinka	45	25	20	15	10	10
Egyptian	3,670	1,910	1,760	29,400	15,295	14,100
Libyan	210	150	60	1,075	590	485
Maure	125	55	70	530	290	240
Moroccan	1,610	860	750	85,940	44,520	41,420
Sudanese	1,115	480	640	370	220	150
Tunisian	385	215	170	21,475	11,775	9,695
North African origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 118	175	110	70	3,340	1,845	1,490
Southern and East African origins	18,610	9,405	9,205	28,925	14,225	14,705
Afrikaner	405	195	210	115	75	40
Amhara	115	60	50	65	30	35
Bantu, n.o.s.Census data footnote 119	240	130	115	1,905	1,040	870
Burundian	195	90	110	6,015	2,945	3,070
Djiboutian	0	0	0	450	205	245
Eritrean	965	520	445	580	290	290
Ethiopian	2,045	1,070	975	1,575	785	785
Harari	0	0	0	20	10	10
Kenyan	1,295	630	670	530	270	260
Malagasy	85	50	35	3,735	1,815	1,920
Mauritian	820	445	370	3,695	1,735	1,960
Oromo	120	70	50	20	15	10
Rwandan	315	175	140	5,130	2,445	2,685
Seychellois	20	15	10	775	345	425
Somali	2,120	1,020	1,105	1,785	865	915
South African	7,300	3,715	3,575	900	490	420
Tanzanian	440	180	260	325	190	140
Tigrian	185	100	90	95	35	55
Ugandan	600	295	310	290	135	160
Zambian	135	75	60	45	20	25
Zimbabwean	645	325	315	300	150	145
Zulu	65	25	40	70	35	35
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 120	1,515	760	755	1,790	915	875
Other African origins	13,295	6,660	6,630	46,805	22,845	23,965
Black, n.o.s.Census data footnote 121	1,710	850	860	3,800	1,845	1,950
Other African origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 122	11,705	5,870	5,840	43,785	21,415	22,370
Asian origins	1,189,105	566,675	622,425	563,150	275,170	287,980
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	88,160	45,495	42,665	240,795	123,985	116,810
Afghan	7,590	3,840	3,750	10,945	5,550	5,395
Arab, n.o.s.Census data footnote 123	4,765	2,575	2,195	44,875	23,680	21,195
Armenian	3,005	1,545	1,460	27,380	13,515	13,865
Assyrian	485	265	215	370	205	165
Azerbaijani	885	515	375	555	295	255
Georgian	575	300	275	635	295	345
Hazara	50	30	25	385	190	200
Iranian	44,765	22,725	22,040	25,530	12,845	12,685
Iraqi	5,335	2,715	2,620	5,520	2,780	2,740
Israeli	2,210	1,175	1,035	6,060	3,235	2,830
Jordanian	640	330	305	1,610	840	770
Kazakh	285	170	110	620	295	325
Kurd	2,015	1,100	915	2,135	1,180	960
Kuwaiti	105	70	35	95	50	50
Kyrgyz	170	90	80	260	140	120
Lebanese	5,675	2,990	2,680	78,140	40,695	37,450
Palestinian	2,325	1,250	1,070	6,865	3,520	3,345
Pashtun	355	195	160	515	280	235
Saudi Arabian	570	340	230	645	390	255
Syrian	2,970	1,430	1,545	27,465	13,845	13,620
Tajik	240	120	120	390	180	210
Tatar	675	335	345	910	430	485
Turk	5,385	2,970	2,415	15,060	7,520	7,545
Turkmen	75	45	25	65	45	25
Uighur	100	50	50	375	185	190
Uzbek	245	135	110	465	210	255
Yemeni	270	175	100	805	450	355
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 124	2,250	1,160	1,085	2,465	1,385	1,075
South Asian origins	329,365	164,860	164,515	95,670	48,925	46,745
Bangladeshi	1,520	745	775	7,075	3,625	3,450
Bengali	760	360	405	4,125	2,035	2,090
Bhutanese	95	55	45	420	205	215
East Indian	279,460	139,455	140,010	51,650	26,505	25,140
Goan	330	165	165	210	105	110
Gujarati	620	295	320	420	205	215
Kashmiri	160	85	80	260	155	105
Nepali	1,185	575	610	930	460	470
Pakistani	11,340	5,880	5,460	13,535	7,000	6,535
Punjabi	36,160	18,325	17,835	2,970	1,675	1,295
Sinhalese	560	300	260	310	135	175
Sri Lankan	5,275	2,785	2,495	14,750	7,300	7,450
Tamil	1,085	595	485	3,100	1,610	1,495
South Asian origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 125	7,735	3,820	3,915	2,135	1,190	945
East and Southeast Asian origins	777,360	359,255	418,110	229,985	103,805	126,180
Burmese	2,055	1,050	1,010	530	270	255
Cambodian (Khmer)	2,645	1,270	1,380	15,345	7,360	7,985
Chinese	505,320	236,935	268,385	121,445	54,595	66,850
Filipino	138,480	61,160	77,320	37,910	15,590	22,320
Hmong	115	60	60	35	10	20
Indonesian	5,175	2,460	2,715	1,320	570	755
Japanese	39,800	17,265	22,535	6,495	2,615	3,875
Karen	890	450	445	95	55	40
Korean	57,945	26,850	31,095	8,740	4,155	4,580
Laotian	2,325	1,170	1,155	7,625	3,860	3,770
Malaysian	4,360	2,020	2,345	645	300	340
Mongolian	1,065	515	550	960	470	485
Singaporean	910	430	485	105	65	40
Taiwanese	20,485	9,395	11,085	2,205	940	1,265
Thai	3,670	1,430	2,240	2,695	1,065	1,635
Tibetan	490	260	230	80	45	30
Vietnamese	36,615	17,945	18,670	43,080	20,790	22,290
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 126	690	295	395	275	125	155
Other Asian origins	1,960	990	975	1,765	905	865
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 127	1,960	990	975	1,770	905	860
Oceania origins	29,900	15,010	14,885	3,250	1,730	1,515
Australian	10,110	5,350	4,765	2,055	1,125	935
New Zealander	3,900	2,015	1,885	490	245	245
Pacific Islands origins	16,405	7,935	8,470	785	410	380
Fijian	13,520	6,580	6,935	70	25	40
Hawaiian	1,065	445	630	60	40	20
Maori	675	385	295	90	55	35
Polynesian, n.o.s.Census data footnote 128	395	170	225	290	145	145
Samoan	300	165	135	15	15	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 129	700	340	360	295	155	145
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 130	1,099,700	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
Owner	713,665	...	...	2,163,735	...	...
Renter	385,315	...	...	1,362,010	...	...
Band housing	720	...	...	5,915	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 131	1,099,700	...	...	3,531,660	...	...
Condominium	320,920	...	...	413,325	...	...
Not condominium	778,775	...	...	3,118,340	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 132	1,099,695	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
No bedrooms	17,830	...	...	23,725	...	...
1 bedroom	222,920	...	...	573,370	...	...
2 bedrooms	297,430	...	...	1,100,310	...	...
3 bedrooms	256,885	...	...	1,157,300	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	304,630	...	...	676,955	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 133	1,099,700	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	448,155	...	...	1,258,215	...	...
5 rooms	150,085	...	...	620,935	...	...
6 rooms	119,960	...	...	432,090	...	...
7 rooms	100,175	...	...	403,255	...	...
8 or more rooms	281,330	...	...	817,165	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.7	...	...	5.8	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 134	1,099,700	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
One person or fewer per room	1,063,790	...	...	3,492,135	...	...
More than 1 person per room	35,910	...	...	39,530	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 135	1,099,700	...	...	3,531,660	...	...
Suitable	1,022,865	...	...	3,398,910	...	...
Not suitable	76,835	...	...	132,755	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 136	1,099,695	...	...	3,531,660	...	...
1960 or before	141,215	...	...	894,495	...	...
1961 to 1980	291,790	...	...	1,116,760	...	...
1981 to 1990	176,270	...	...	503,495	...	...
1991 to 2000	201,335	...	...	369,020	...	...
2001 to 2005	82,040	...	...	196,830	...	...
2006 to 2010	110,680	...	...	241,545	...	...
2011 to 2016Census data footnote 137	96,365	...	...	209,515	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 138	1,099,700	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	1,036,760	...	...	3,304,625	...	...
Major repairs needed	62,940	...	...	227,040	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 139	1,099,700	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
1 household maintainer	634,075	...	...	2,221,970	...	...
2 household maintainers	419,750	...	...	1,264,195	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	45,865	...	...	45,500	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 140	1,099,700	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
15 to 24 years	33,720	...	...	119,495	...	...
25 to 34 years	160,215	...	...	498,070	...	...
35 to 44 years	194,530	...	...	603,840	...	...
45 to 54 years	237,445	...	...	682,290	...	...
55 to 64 years	217,460	...	...	731,390	...	...
65 to 74 years	148,500	...	...	541,630	...	...
75 to 84 years	77,755	...	...	270,280	...	...
85 years and over	30,070	...	...	84,680	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 141	1,085,045	...	...	3,496,460	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	746,225	...	...	2,763,105	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	338,820	...	...	733,355	...	...
30% to less than 100%	270,200	...	...	647,975	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	703,945	...	...	2,141,690	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgageCensus data footnote 142	60.7	...	...	61.9	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costsCensus data footnote 141	24.6	...	...	12.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)Census data footnote 143	1,352	...	...	983	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)Census data footnote 143	1,581	...	...	1,085	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)Census data footnote 144	700,255	...	...	250,302	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)Census data footnote 144	939,163	...	...	290,484	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	383,190	...	...	1,358,265	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housingCensus data footnote 145	12.8	...	...	9.3	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costsCensus data footnote 141	43.3	...	...	33.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)Census data footnote 143	1,111	...	...	720	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)Census data footnote 143	1,222	...	...	775	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 146	2,360,010	1,143,755	1,216,260	6,634,280	3,260,035	3,374,240
No certificate, diploma or degree	343,535	168,935	174,605	1,323,070	674,955	648,115
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificateCensus data footnote 147	686,895	336,215	350,685	1,426,980	674,820	752,155
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	1,329,580	638,610	690,970	3,884,235	1,910,260	1,973,970
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	163,580	117,280	46,300	1,120,730	681,515	439,215
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of QualificationCensus data footnote 148	74,665	43,065	31,595	806,585	435,090	371,495
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of QualificationCensus data footnote 149	88,920	74,215	14,705	314,145	246,425	67,720
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	397,400	164,850	232,550	1,165,515	506,775	658,740
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	90,095	37,400	52,700	236,255	93,680	142,575
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	678,500	319,070	359,425	1,361,730	628,290	733,440
Bachelor's degree	446,730	204,770	241,955	872,060	384,275	487,790
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	49,140	20,395	28,745	118,955	54,255	64,695
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	19,690	10,760	8,930	39,045	19,865	19,185
Master's degree	138,725	68,075	70,650	281,215	139,280	141,935
Earned doctorateCensus data footnote 150	24,215	15,070	9,150	50,455	30,615	19,840
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 146	1,583,325	765,210	818,115	4,371,935	2,167,810	2,204,125
No certificate, diploma or degree	136,335	72,020	64,315	580,635	323,880	256,750
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificateCensus data footnote 147	399,705	199,385	200,320	808,955	396,620	412,330
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	1,047,285	493,805	553,475	2,982,345	1,447,305	1,535,040
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	114,865	83,125	31,735	866,595	513,575	353,015
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of QualificationCensus data footnote 148	52,430	30,455	21,975	631,795	330,140	301,655
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of QualificationCensus data footnote 149	62,435	52,670	9,760	234,800	183,440	51,360
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	306,545	127,300	179,250	832,430	367,185	465,245
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	67,405	27,635	39,770	167,025	67,530	99,495
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	558,470	255,745	302,725	1,116,300	499,010	617,290
Bachelor's degree	366,625	165,110	201,510	712,935	308,760	404,175
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	39,245	15,785	23,455	94,240	40,085	54,160
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	15,685	7,910	7,770	30,775	13,505	17,270
Master's degree	118,405	56,090	62,310	238,300	113,895	124,410
Earned doctorateCensus data footnote 150	18,520	10,845	7,675	40,050	22,780	17,270
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 151	2,360,015	1,143,755	1,216,260	6,634,280	3,260,040	3,374,245
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degreeCensus data footnote 152	1,030,430	505,145	525,285	2,750,050	1,349,775	1,400,270
Education	81,245	18,285	62,965	273,320	62,470	210,845
13. Education	81,250	18,285	62,965	273,320	62,470	210,845
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	72,100	33,070	39,035	156,720	71,485	85,240
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	12,450	9,435	3,020	25,380	18,280	7,100
50. Visual and performing arts	59,650	23,635	36,015	131,340	53,200	78,140
Humanities	89,195	34,325	54,870	215,735	86,065	129,675
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	11,785	2,755	9,025	32,180	7,165	25,020
23. English language and literature/letters	24,505	7,600	16,910	12,900	4,060	8,835
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	27,660	10,705	16,955	103,120	42,685	60,435
30A Interdisciplinary humanitiesCensus data footnote 153	360	135	220	880	395	485
38. Philosophy and religious studies	4,510	2,685	1,825	10,400	6,650	3,755
39. Theology and religious vocations	7,385	4,395	2,995	10,125	6,200	3,930
54. History	10,480	5,565	4,915	17,055	9,990	7,065
55. French language and literature/letters	2,500	475	2,025	29,070	8,920	20,155
Social and behavioural sciences and law	169,555	62,275	107,280	380,995	125,025	255,975
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	2,765	740	2,030	4,315	1,165	3,150
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	17,515	6,340	11,175	48,530	16,690	31,845
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	22,285	1,960	20,325	77,470	6,070	71,400
22. Legal professions and studies	26,665	9,855	16,810	67,185	25,785	41,395
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciencesCensus data footnote 154	2,930	850	2,075	9,905	2,035	7,870
42. Psychology	29,175	8,190	20,985	57,335	14,030	43,305
45. Social sciences	68,220	34,340	33,880	116,255	59,245	57,015
Business, management and public administration	285,235	120,410	164,825	879,190	321,450	557,740
30.16 Accounting and computer science	480	140	340	815	300	520
44. Public administration and social service professions	12,395	2,925	9,470	47,715	10,490	37,225
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	272,360	117,350	155,015	830,660	310,665	519,990
Physical and life sciences and technologies	59,630	31,260	28,375	140,990	76,780	64,215
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	24,250	10,835	13,415	49,705	20,900	28,805
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	14,285	7,045	7,245	23,210	13,865	9,350
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciencesCensus data footnote 155	655	170	485	21,890	10,810	11,080
40. Physical sciences	18,510	12,515	6,000	39,060	27,545	11,515
41. Science technologies/technicians	1,930	695	1,235	7,120	3,660	3,465
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	60,370	39,255	21,110	152,105	104,850	47,255
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	47,755	33,645	14,110	125,480	92,730	32,750
25. Library science	3,585	505	3,080	11,110	2,145	8,965
27. Mathematics and statistics	8,420	4,725	3,690	13,415	8,365	5,045
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciencesCensus data footnote 156	605	380	230	2,100	1,605	495
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	242,705	215,370	27,340	828,400	758,350	70,055
04. Architecture and related services	11,965	7,655	4,315	29,015	17,055	11,960
14. Engineering	77,985	63,215	14,770	150,450	124,585	25,865
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	38,270	33,820	4,445	150,640	135,445	15,195
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	40	25	15	60	20	40
46. Construction trades	47,985	46,495	1,490	185,385	179,995	5,390
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	44,505	43,115	1,390	184,280	178,510	5,770
48. Precision production	21,955	21,045	910	128,580	122,750	5,830
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	21,215	12,305	8,905	85,485	56,900	28,585
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	13,030	7,030	6,005	51,770	30,870	20,900
03. Natural resources and conservation	8,185	5,280	2,900	33,715	26,025	7,690
Health and related fields	184,110	40,830	143,275	480,230	95,450	384,780
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	14,595	7,525	7,075	27,955	14,675	13,280
51. Health professions and related programs	163,815	30,150	133,660	441,105	74,630	366,470
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	5,695	3,155	2,540	11,160	6,140	5,020
Personal, protective and transportation services	63,980	31,145	32,840	290,005	151,070	138,935
12. Personal and culinary services	43,465	13,975	29,485	164,595	43,720	120,875
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	120	115	10	290	270	20
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	380	370	15	1,345	1,245	100
43. Security and protective services	7,505	5,540	1,960	54,625	42,415	12,210
49. Transportation and materials moving	12,505	11,140	1,370	69,160	63,425	5,740
Other	240	75	160	1,055	375	680
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	240	75	160	1,055	375	675
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 151	1,583,325	765,210	818,115	4,371,935	2,167,805	2,204,130
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degreeCensus data footnote 152	536,045	271,405	264,635	1,389,585	720,500	669,085
Education	56,990	12,000	44,990	180,615	37,990	142,625
13. Education	56,985	11,995	44,990	180,615	37,990	142,625
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	58,315	26,545	31,775	122,045	55,575	66,475
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	9,795	7,445	2,350	19,510	13,740	5,770
50. Visual and performing arts	48,515	19,095	29,415	102,535	41,830	60,705
Humanities	69,615	25,905	43,715	138,330	54,580	83,750
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	9,420	2,000	7,420	25,220	5,455	19,765
23. English language and literature/letters	18,870	5,745	13,130	9,585	2,990	6,595
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	22,325	8,355	13,975	57,730	25,305	32,430
30A Interdisciplinary humanitiesCensus data footnote 153	280	115	165	600	255	350
38. Philosophy and religious studies	3,495	2,055	1,445	6,980	4,415	2,570
39. Theology and religious vocations	5,270	3,115	2,150	5,415	3,380	2,035
54. History	8,105	4,165	3,940	12,235	7,140	5,095
55. French language and literature/letters	1,845	355	1,485	20,555	5,640	14,915
Social and behavioural sciences and law	138,545	49,215	89,325	301,550	95,120	206,430
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	2,410	630	1,780	3,550	925	2,620
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	15,000	5,285	9,715	40,275	13,900	26,370
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	17,730	1,550	16,185	63,120	4,295	58,825
22. Legal professions and studies	21,915	7,315	14,600	53,620	18,830	34,790
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciencesCensus data footnote 154	2,370	690	1,680	6,840	1,420	5,420
42. Psychology	23,285	6,240	17,045	44,540	10,255	34,285
45. Social sciences	55,835	27,515	28,320	89,610	45,495	44,110
Business, management and public administration	232,260	96,650	135,610	706,400	248,920	457,480
30.16 Accounting and computer science	350	120	230	615	215	400
44. Public administration and social service professions	9,770	2,215	7,560	38,320	7,835	30,485
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	222,140	94,315	127,825	667,470	240,870	426,600
Physical and life sciences and technologies	45,260	22,930	22,325	92,480	49,390	43,090
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	19,250	8,440	10,805	40,895	16,635	24,260
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	10,485	4,975	5,505	12,450	7,435	5,015
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciencesCensus data footnote 155	520	125	395	4,175	2,385	1,785
40. Physical sciences	13,695	8,945	4,755	29,705	20,255	9,445
41. Science technologies/technicians	1,310	440	870	5,255	2,675	2,580
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	52,935	34,795	18,135	132,750	91,865	40,885
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	43,400	30,660	12,745	112,715	83,240	29,470
25. Library science	2,630	385	2,245	8,720	1,665	7,055
27. Mathematics and statistics	6,380	3,440	2,945	9,725	5,815	3,915
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciencesCensus data footnote 156	510	315	200	1,585	1,150	440
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	184,345	160,545	23,795	639,185	577,845	61,335
04. Architecture and related services	9,635	5,795	3,840	24,260	13,870	10,385
14. Engineering	63,065	49,735	13,330	126,835	103,165	23,665
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	28,185	24,570	3,615	116,595	103,710	12,885
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	30	20	10	50	15	30
46. Construction trades	35,680	34,460	1,220	134,865	130,350	4,510
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	32,815	31,760	1,060	139,935	135,155	4,780
48. Precision production	14,935	14,210	725	96,655	91,580	5,075
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	16,810	9,385	7,425	69,865	45,215	24,655
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	10,225	5,315	4,905	41,755	23,965	17,795
03. Natural resources and conservation	6,580	4,060	2,515	28,110	21,250	6,860
Health and related fields	143,705	32,145	111,560	368,600	72,245	296,355
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	11,655	5,995	5,660	22,660	11,635	11,030
51. Health professions and related programs	127,575	23,855	103,720	337,320	56,510	280,810
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	4,475	2,295	2,180	8,620	4,110	4,510
Personal, protective and transportation services	48,325	23,640	24,685	229,640	118,260	111,375
12. Personal and culinary services	32,480	10,620	21,865	129,245	32,830	96,410
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	60	45	10	225	200	25
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	145	145	0	875	795	80
43. Security and protective services	6,160	4,465	1,700	42,550	32,575	9,975
49. Transportation and materials moving	9,485	8,365	1,120	56,750	51,860	4,890
Other	190	65	130	890	300	595
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	190	65	125	890	300	595
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 157	2,360,010	1,143,750	1,216,255	6,634,280	3,260,040	3,374,240
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	1,030,430	505,145	525,285	2,750,045	1,349,775	1,400,270
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degreeCensus data footnote 158	1,329,580	638,605	690,970	3,884,235	1,910,265	1,973,970
Location of study inside Canada	925,655	446,190	479,465	3,509,610	1,716,730	1,792,880
Same as province or territory of residence	744,325	354,370	389,950	3,367,195	1,642,930	1,724,270
Different than province or territory of residence	181,330	91,820	89,510	142,415	73,800	68,610
Location of study outside CanadaCensus data footnote 159	403,925	192,415	211,510	374,620	193,530	181,090
United StatesCensus data footnote 160	47,055	25,960	21,095	28,320	16,915	11,410
Philippines	49,625	18,340	31,290	12,515	3,600	8,920
India	39,695	19,685	20,005	6,805	3,660	3,150
United KingdomCensus data footnote 161	37,425	20,485	16,940	11,250	6,535	4,715
ChinaCensus data footnote 162	59,115	26,525	32,585	17,155	7,755	9,395
France	3,545	1,965	1,580	69,665	39,885	29,780
Other	167,460	79,445	88,010	228,905	115,185	113,725
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 157	1,583,325	765,210	818,115	4,371,935	2,167,810	2,204,130
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	536,040	271,410	264,635	1,389,590	720,505	669,085
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degreeCensus data footnote 158	1,047,285	493,800	553,480	2,982,350	1,447,305	1,535,045
Location of study inside Canada	729,685	348,530	381,155	2,676,230	1,293,455	1,382,780
Same as province or territory of residence	593,200	279,360	313,840	2,567,605	1,238,320	1,329,280
Different than province or territory of residence	136,490	69,170	67,320	108,630	55,125	53,500
Location of study outside CanadaCensus data footnote 159	317,600	145,275	172,325	306,115	153,850	152,265
United StatesCensus data footnote 160	34,780	18,680	16,100	19,655	11,145	8,505
Philippines	42,475	15,510	26,960	10,545	2,935	7,610
India	33,475	15,830	17,645	4,865	2,465	2,400
United KingdomCensus data footnote 161	23,655	12,740	10,920	7,390	4,245	3,145
ChinaCensus data footnote 162	51,215	22,490	28,720	15,420	6,865	8,550
France	2,950	1,655	1,295	57,315	32,115	25,205
Other	129,050	58,365	70,685	190,930	94,085	96,850
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 163	2,360,010	1,143,755	1,216,255	6,634,280	3,260,040	3,374,245
In the labour force	1,545,000	803,635	741,360	4,255,500	2,214,735	2,040,765
Employed	1,453,780	757,485	696,290	3,949,325	2,037,105	1,912,220
Unemployed	91,220	46,150	45,070	306,170	177,630	128,540
Not in the labour force	815,010	340,115	474,895	2,378,780	1,045,300	1,333,480
Participation rate	65.5	70.3	61.0	64.1	67.9	60.5
Employment rate	61.6	66.2	57.2	59.5	62.5	56.7
Unemployment rate	5.9	5.7	6.1	7.2	8.0	6.3
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 164	2,360,015	1,143,755	1,216,255	6,634,280	3,260,035	3,374,240
Did not workCensus data footnote 165	762,650	317,295	445,355	2,228,315	967,660	1,260,655
Worked	1,597,365	826,460	770,900	4,405,965	2,292,375	2,113,585
Worked full year, full timeCensus data footnote 166	749,170	429,675	319,495	2,084,020	1,145,805	938,215
Worked part year and/or part timeCensus data footnote 167	848,190	396,785	451,405	2,321,945	1,146,575	1,175,375
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.2	43.0	41.3	42.5	42.7	42.3
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 168	1,545,000	803,635	741,365	4,255,500	2,214,735	2,040,765
Class of worker - not applicableCensus data footnote 169	28,125	13,160	14,960	101,485	51,640	49,850
All classes of workersCensus data footnote 170	1,516,875	790,480	726,400	4,154,015	2,163,095	1,990,915
Employee	1,308,545	660,730	647,815	3,664,920	1,863,740	1,801,185
Self-employedCensus data footnote 171	208,335	129,750	78,585	489,090	299,355	189,730
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 172	1,545,000	803,635	741,365	4,255,500	2,214,735	2,040,765
Occupation - not applicableCensus data footnote 169	28,125	13,160	14,965	101,490	51,640	49,850
All occupationsCensus data footnote 170	1,516,875	790,475	726,400	4,154,010	2,163,095	1,990,915
0 Management occupations	177,290	110,865	66,420	418,450	263,585	154,875
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	246,295	76,960	169,335	677,390	210,525	466,865
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	109,145	85,895	23,250	286,270	222,375	63,895
3 Health occupations	95,820	22,275	73,550	295,765	57,160	238,610
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	168,285	55,755	112,525	502,945	147,145	355,795
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	67,390	34,230	33,160	135,730	64,370	71,365
6 Sales and service occupations	375,090	164,145	210,940	988,610	449,820	538,790
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	204,040	192,130	11,905	574,675	544,100	30,570
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	26,665	17,415	9,255	67,290	55,610	11,685
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	46,860	30,805	16,055	206,875	148,405	58,475
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 173	1,545,000	803,635	741,360	4,255,495	2,214,735	2,040,765
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicableCensus data footnote 169	28,125	13,160	14,965	101,490	51,635	49,850
All industry categoriesCensus data footnote 170	1,516,875	790,475	726,400	4,154,010	2,163,095	1,990,915
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	24,005	12,950	11,055	84,060	60,460	23,595
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	5,625	4,270	1,350	20,920	18,175	2,745
22 Utilities	7,550	5,005	2,545	28,410	20,650	7,755
23 Construction	118,280	103,430	14,850	254,055	223,770	30,285
31-33 Manufacturing	99,620	68,295	31,325	458,315	332,080	126,240
41 Wholesale trade	61,385	40,380	21,005	157,365	104,885	52,475
44-45 Retail trade	170,715	79,410	91,305	508,170	239,625	268,545
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	86,605	66,950	19,660	187,550	142,550	45,000
51 Information and cultural industries	52,940	33,240	19,700	100,775	59,705	41,070
52 Finance and insurance	69,985	30,580	39,410	165,140	66,175	98,965
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	38,655	21,070	17,585	61,380	36,505	24,875
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	142,645	79,495	63,150	288,715	161,030	127,685
55 Management of companies and enterprises	3,425	1,580	1,845	3,305	1,270	2,035
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	70,150	40,470	29,680	176,185	108,280	67,905
61 Educational services	111,720	37,435	74,290	306,575	96,170	210,405
62 Health care and social assistance	156,670	31,390	125,275	532,680	99,380	433,295
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	35,330	17,885	17,440	84,130	44,235	39,895
72 Accommodation and food services	127,995	55,070	72,925	278,500	123,235	155,265
81 Other services (except public administration)	70,130	29,205	40,920	193,700	89,455	104,245
91 Public administration	63,450	32,365	31,090	264,085	135,455	128,630
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 174	1,453,785	757,485	696,295	3,949,325	2,037,105	1,912,220
Worked at home	121,140	60,495	60,650	266,285	134,325	131,960
Worked outside Canada	13,560	9,610	3,950	10,600	7,580	3,020
No fixed workplace address	200,490	147,475	53,015	351,595	265,405	86,185
Worked at usual place	1,118,595	539,910	578,675	3,320,850	1,629,795	1,691,050
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	1,118,590	539,910	578,680	3,320,845	1,629,795	1,691,050
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	509,115	223,950	285,170	1,732,155	810,895	921,260
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	560,645	286,720	273,925	485,450	234,700	250,750
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	44,075	26,195	17,880	1,037,125	549,095	488,030
Commute to a different province or territory	4,755	3,050	1,705	66,125	35,110	31,015
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 175	1,319,080	687,385	631,695	3,672,445	1,895,200	1,777,240
Car, truck, van - as a driver	876,870	490,785	386,085	2,739,405	1,475,775	1,263,625
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	69,560	28,120	41,435	133,760	51,045	82,715
Public transit	240,765	102,620	138,140	503,285	217,465	285,820
Walked	85,505	37,225	48,275	205,350	93,595	111,760
Bicycle	29,675	19,115	10,560	54,625	36,470	18,155
Other method	16,710	9,510	7,195	36,010	20,845	15,170
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 176	1,319,080	687,385	631,695	3,672,440	1,895,200	1,777,240
Less than 15 minutes	266,155	119,455	146,700	1,035,455	493,225	542,235
15 to 29 minutes	422,085	214,965	207,120	1,200,455	617,010	583,445
30 to 44 minutes	331,125	183,960	147,170	777,955	425,640	352,310
45 to 59 minutes	151,550	84,385	67,165	343,540	184,440	159,100
60 minutes and over	148,165	84,615	63,550	315,035	174,875	140,160
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 177	1,319,080	687,385	631,700	3,672,440	1,895,205	1,777,240
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	92,365	64,240	28,130	256,150	192,835	63,315
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	211,900	129,415	82,480	675,585	420,120	255,465
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	320,695	162,140	158,555	1,133,510	527,925	605,580
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	291,345	133,145	158,195	714,935	296,300	418,630
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	201,725	90,890	110,835	349,845	148,715	201,125
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	201,055	107,560	93,490	542,425	309,295	233,125
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 178	1,655,140	854,150	800,990	4,529,770	2,352,115	2,177,655
Single responses	1,610,800	832,040	778,760	4,187,865	2,169,480	2,018,385
Official languages	1,530,345	789,300	741,045	4,153,710	2,152,290	2,001,420
English	1,526,680	788,325	738,360	541,720	294,935	246,780
French	3,660	980	2,680	3,611,990	1,857,350	1,754,640
Non-official languages	80,450	42,735	37,715	34,160	17,190	16,970
Aboriginal languages	20	10	10	12,670	6,180	6,490
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	8,350	4,095	4,260
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	10	0	0	8,285	4,060	4,220
Atikamekw	0	0	0	1,100	580	515
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	1,800	840	960
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	210	105	100
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	35	20	15
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5,145	2,515	2,630
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	30	20	10
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	25	20	10
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	45	15	25
Algonquin	0	0	0	45	20	30
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	4,305	2,080	2,220
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	4,290	2,075	2,215
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	15	0	15
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	10	0	15
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	15	10	10	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	10	0	10	0	0	0
Lillooet	10	0	10	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	10
Non-Aboriginal languages	80,435	42,735	37,700	21,490	11,005	10,480
Afro-Asiatic languages	410	265	145	1,895	1,125	775
Berber languages	0	0	0	35	10	30
Kabyle	0	0	0	15	0	20
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	0	10
Cushitic languages	10	0	10	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	10	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	405	265	140	1,860	1,110	745
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	295	215	85	1,715	1,045	665
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	25	15	10	10	0	10
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	75	30	50	140	70	70
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	10	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	2,205	1,020	1,190	1,725	850	870
Khmer (Cambodian)	20	15	10	315	140	175
Vietnamese	2,185	1,005	1,180	1,410	710	695
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	760	370	395	135	65	70
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	10	0	10	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	30	10	15	10	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	55	35	15	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	10
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	640	305	340	115	50	60
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	275	90	190
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	10	0	10
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	265	90	175
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Dravidian languages	30	10	15	150	75	75
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	25	15	15	145	75	70
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	10
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Indo-European languages	22,135	12,450	9,685	10,165	5,255	4,910
Albanian	10	15	0	30	20	10
Armenian	0	0	0	275	130	145
Balto-Slavic languages	750	345	405	1,130	500	635
Baltic languages	10	10	10	15	0	10
Latvian	0	0	0	15	10	10
Lithuanian	10	0	10	0	10	0
Slavic languages	740	335	400	1,115	495	625
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	10	0	10	10	0	0
Bulgarian	0	10	0	55	20	30
Croatian	25	10	20	10	0	10
Czech	30	20	15	10	0	10
Macedonian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Polish	95	45	50	170	65	105
Russian	435	190	250	735	340	395
Serbian	80	45	35	10	15	0
Serbo-Croatian	10	0	0	10	10	0
Slovak	10	15	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	20	10	10	110	35	75
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	450	240	205	1,285	575	715
Afrikaans	10	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	20	10	10	15	10	0
Dutch	95	55	45	25	10	15
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	270	140	130	370	170	195
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	15	10	10	0	0	0
Swedish	30	20	10	15	10	10
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	10	0	0	860	375	485
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	55	25	35	525	260	270
Indo-Iranian languages	19,025	10,880	8,145	1,385	780	600
Indo-Aryan languages	17,945	10,160	7,785	680	390	295
Bengali	15	15	10	110	70	35
Gujarati	40	15	20	20	0	10
Hindi	275	165	110	35	20	15
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	20	10	10	20	0	10
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	17,545	9,935	7,610	415	225	190
Sindhi	10	0	10	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	45	20	20	85	50	35
Iranian languages	1,075	720	355	700	395	305
Kurdish	25	20	0	15	0	15
Pashto	0	0	0	10	0	15
Persian (Farsi)	1,045	695	350	675	385	285
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	10	10	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,845	945	900	5,525	2,990	2,540
Catalan	10	10	0	15	0	15
Italian	90	40	50	590	315	275
Portuguese	495	250	250	635	365	270
Romanian	70	45	20	320	140	175
Spanish	1,185	605	575	3,975	2,165	1,810
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	10	0	0
Japanese	1,580	610	970	235	80	150
Kartvelian languages	10	0	0	10	0	10
Georgian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Korean	5,315	2,825	2,495	300	150	150
Mongolic languages	10	10	10	0	0	0
Mongolian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	45	25	20
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	10	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	10	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	25	20	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	10	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	10
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	200	60	135	205	60	140
American Sign Language	145	30	120	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	125	20	110
Sign languages, n.i.e	55	30	20	70	45	30
Sino-Tibetan languages	47,565	24,985	22,575	6,070	3,125	2,945
Chinese languages	47,480	24,935	22,550	6,075	3,130	2,950
Cantonese	22,975	11,690	11,285	2,655	1,325	1,330
Hakka	10	10	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	23,365	12,665	10,700	3,100	1,630	1,465
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	205	120	85	70	40	30
Wu (Shanghainese)	50	25	25	15	10	10
Chinese, n.o.s.	880	425	450	235	130	110
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	80	50	25	0	0	0
Burmese	20	10	15	0	0	0
Karenic languages	50	35	20	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	10	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	110	50	60	110	40	75
Lao	10	0	0	55	25	30
Thai	100	45	50	55	10	40
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	55	45	10	110	60	50
Azerbaijani	10	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	35	30	10	110	55	55
Uyghur	0	0	10	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	35	20	10	40	10	40
Estonian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Finnish	15	10	10	0	0	0
Hungarian	15	10	10	35	0	35
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	30	15	15	10	0	10
Multiple responses	44,345	22,115	22,230	341,900	182,635	159,265
English and French	3,040	1,340	1,700	315,620	169,365	146,255
English and non-official language	40,890	20,620	20,280	6,545	3,655	2,890
French and non-official language	45	30	15	7,525	3,460	4,065
English, French and non-official language	370	130	245	12,205	6,160	6,055
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 179	1,655,140	854,155	800,990	4,529,770	2,352,110	2,177,655
None	1,506,445	779,895	726,550	3,107,035	1,588,345	1,518,690
English	32,960	16,915	16,045	1,031,380	555,940	475,440
French	13,510	5,980	7,525	317,490	169,785	147,705
Non-official language	99,580	50,090	49,490	49,850	25,900	23,950
Aboriginal	225	85	140	4,985	2,285	2,705
Non-Aboriginal	99,355	50,010	49,340	44,865	23,620	21,245
English and French	45	30	10	2,185	1,040	1,140
English and non-official language	1,125	540	585	14,910	7,255	7,655
French and non-official language	1,475	695	780	6,855	3,795	3,055
English, French and non-official language	10	10	0	65	50	20
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 180	2,758,670	1,349,480	1,409,190	7,880,315	3,897,740	3,982,575
Non-movers	2,322,805	1,134,745	1,188,055	6,965,520	3,447,320	3,518,195
Movers	435,865	214,735	221,130	914,800	450,420	464,380
Non-migrants	237,275	116,530	120,750	547,410	269,850	277,560
Migrants	198,585	98,210	100,380	367,385	180,565	186,820
Internal migrants	141,125	69,945	71,175	305,465	149,335	156,135
Intraprovincial migrants	113,300	55,740	57,550	284,280	137,945	146,330
Interprovincial migrants	27,830	14,205	13,620	21,190	11,385	9,805
External migrants	57,465	28,265	29,200	61,920	31,235	30,685
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 181	2,648,905	1,292,945	1,355,960	7,520,960	3,714,155	3,806,805
Non-movers	1,490,310	727,555	762,760	4,825,870	2,388,805	2,437,065
Movers	1,158,595	565,395	593,200	2,695,090	1,325,345	1,369,740
Non-migrants	591,830	288,480	303,350	1,507,665	741,220	766,440
Migrants	566,765	276,910	289,855	1,187,425	584,125	603,295
Internal migrants	369,565	181,370	188,200	949,170	464,830	484,340
Intraprovincial migrants	296,645	145,200	151,445	893,800	436,525	457,270
Interprovincial migrants	72,920	36,165	36,755	55,370	28,300	27,070
External migrants	197,200	95,545	101,650	238,250	119,295	118,960