Census Profile, 2016 Census
Madawaska--Restigouche [Federal electoral district], New Brunswick and Chambly, Ville [Census subdivision], Quebec

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Madawaska--Restigouche New Brunswick [Federal electoral district]			Chambly, V Quebec [Census subdivision]
	Data quality , Madawaska--Restigouche [Federal electoral district], New Brunswick Map : Madawaska--Restigouche [Federal electoral district], New Brunswick Change geography 1			Data quality : Chambly, Ville [Census subdivision], Quebec Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	60,378	...	...	29,120	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	62,540	...	...	25,571	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	-3.5	...	...	13.9	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	29,362	...	...	11,546	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	27,037	...	...	11,246	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	5.2	...	...	1,158.7	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	11,700.98	...	...	25.13	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	60,380	29,515	30,865	29,120	14,165	14,955
0 to 14 years	7,620	3,895	3,730	6,300	3,130	3,170
0 to 4 years	2,220	1,160	1,060	2,105	1,050	1,050
5 to 9 years	2,650	1,340	1,315	2,280	1,145	1,130
10 to 14 years	2,750	1,395	1,355	1,920	930	985
15 to 64 years	38,625	19,155	19,465	19,300	9,430	9,865
15 to 19 years	2,865	1,450	1,420	1,725	825	900
20 to 24 years	2,760	1,420	1,340	1,640	865	775
25 to 29 years	2,605	1,315	1,290	1,485	705	785
30 to 34 years	2,840	1,385	1,460	2,190	1,060	1,130
35 to 39 years	3,155	1,560	1,600	2,550	1,220	1,325
40 to 44 years	3,450	1,710	1,745	2,250	1,095	1,155
45 to 49 years	3,960	1,920	2,035	1,975	980	995
50 to 54 years	5,440	2,675	2,770	2,135	1,050	1,090
55 to 59 years	6,070	3,030	3,040	1,910	910	1,000
60 to 64 years	5,475	2,700	2,770	1,440	720	720
65 years and over	14,135	6,465	7,670	3,520	1,605	1,915
65 to 69 years	4,970	2,465	2,505	1,240	585	655
70 to 74 years	3,400	1,660	1,745	925	445	480
75 to 79 years	2,360	1,065	1,300	590	280	315
80 to 84 years	1,785	735	1,050	410	175	235
85 years and over	1,620	540	1,075	355	125	230
85 to 89 years	1,030	355	670	235	90	145
90 to 94 years	485	160	325	95	30	65
95 to 99 years	90	20	65	20	5	20
100 years and over	15	0	10	5	0	5
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	12.6	13.2	12.1	21.6	22.1	21.2
15 to 64 years	64.0	64.9	63.1	66.3	66.6	66.0
65 years and over	23.4	21.9	24.9	12.1	11.3	12.8
85 years and over	2.7	1.8	3.5	1.2	0.9	1.5
Average age of the population	46.7	45.8	47.6	37.2	36.7	37.7
Median age of the population	50.9	50.2	51.6	37.4	37.1	37.7
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	27,040	...	...	11,250	...	...
Single-detached house	20,085	...	...	6,320	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	80	...	...	0	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	6,180	...	...	4,920	...	...
Semi-detached house	690	...	...	790	...	...
Row house	765	...	...	290	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	1,195	...	...	265	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	3,305	...	...	3,550	...	...
Other single-attached house	230	...	...	30	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	690	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	27,040	...	...	11,245	...	...
1 person	8,450	...	...	2,735	...	...
2 persons	10,995	...	...	3,625	...	...
3 persons	3,875	...	...	2,015	...	...
4 persons	2,805	...	...	2,050	...	...
5 or more persons	915	...	...	830	...	...
Number of persons in private households	58,175	...	...	28,635	...	...
Average household size	2.2	...	...	2.5	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	52,755	25,625	27,135	22,820	11,040	11,785
Married or living common law	31,385	15,715	15,670	14,110	7,040	7,075
Married	22,430	11,240	11,190	7,285	3,640	3,645
Living common law	8,955	4,480	4,480	6,825	3,400	3,425
Not married and not living common law	21,375	9,905	11,470	8,710	3,995	4,710
Never married	12,505	6,790	5,715	6,075	3,075	3,005
Separated	1,840	845	995	290	140	155
Divorced	2,770	1,325	1,450	1,410	555	855
Widowed	4,255	945	3,310	930	230	700
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	18,215	...	...	8,385	...	...
2 persons	11,265	...	...	3,700	...	...
3 persons	3,725	...	...	1,985	...	...
4 persons	2,585	...	...	2,000	...	...
5 or more persons	645	...	...	695	...	...
Average size of census families	2.6	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	18,215	...	...	8,385	...	...
Total couple families	15,365	...	...	6,930	...	...
Married couples	10,890	...	...	3,525	...	...
Common-law couples	4,475	...	...	3,405	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	2,850	...	...	1,455	...	...
Female parent	2,195	...	...	1,030	...	...
Male parent	650	...	...	430	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	15,370	...	...	6,930	...	...
Couples without children	9,365	...	...	2,915	...	...
Couples with children	5,995	...	...	4,020	...	...
1 child	2,990	...	...	1,450	...	...
2 children	2,415	...	...	1,885	...	...
3 or more children	600	...	...	680	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	2,850	...	...	1,455	...	...
1 child	1,895	...	...	790	...	...
2 children	740	...	...	540	...	...
3 or more children	215	...	...	125	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	10,740	5,110	5,630	3,635	1,690	1,940
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	27,040	...	...	11,245	...	...
One-census-family households	17,630	...	...	8,170	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	9,115	...	...	2,820	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	8,515	...	...	5,350	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	290	...	...	110	...	...
Non-census-family households	9,115	...	...	2,970	...	...
One-person households	8,450	...	...	2,735	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	670	...	...	240	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	59,000	28,870	30,135	28,985	14,085	14,895
English only	6,470	3,235	3,230	240	105	135
French only	19,360	9,295	10,060	13,630	6,030	7,600
English and French	33,140	16,320	16,820	15,065	7,925	7,140
Neither English nor French	35	15	15	50	25	20
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	59,000	28,870	30,135	28,985	14,090	14,895
English	10,775	5,225	5,555	1,430	700	730
French	47,860	23,460	24,400	27,170	13,190	13,980
English and French	330	165	165	330	170	165
Neither English nor French	35	20	20	45	25	20
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	48,025	23,545	24,480	1,600	785	810
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	81.4	81.6	81.2	5.5	5.6	5.4
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	59,000	28,870	30,135	28,980	14,090	14,895
Single responses	58,055	28,430	29,630	28,560	13,875	14,685
Official languages	57,565	28,165	29,400	27,445	13,330	14,115
English	10,230	4,965	5,265	1,215	595	620
French	47,335	23,200	24,130	26,235	12,735	13,500
Non-official languages	495	265	230	1,115	545	565
Aboriginal languages	25	15	15	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	15	10	10	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	15	10	10	0	0	0
Malecite	0	5	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	15	5	5	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	5	0	5	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	5	5	5	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	470	255	215	1,110	545	565
Afro-Asiatic languages	115	70	40	190	100	95
Berber languages	10	5	5	15	10	5
Kabyle	5	5	0	15	10	5
Berber languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	5	5	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	105	65	40	170	85	85
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	105	65	40	170	85	85
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	20	10	15	35	25	15
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	10	5	0
Vietnamese	20	10	15	30	15	15
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	25	10	15	10	0	5
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	5	5	5	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	5
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	20	10	10	0	0	5
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	5	5	5	50	15	30
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	0	5	50	15	30
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	5	5	0	5	0	5
Kannada	0	5	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	5	0	5	5	5	5
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	210	115	95	700	340	360
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	25	20	10	80	30	50
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	25	15	10	80	30	45
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	5	0	5	0	5
Croatian	5	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	5	0	5
Macedonian	5	5	0	10	5	0
Polish	0	5	0	20	10	15
Russian	5	5	5	25	10	15
Serbian	0	5	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	5	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	5	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Ukrainian	5	5	5	5	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	40	25	20	60	30	25
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	5	5	5	0	0	0
Dutch	15	10	10	15	5	5
Frisian	5	0	0	0	0	0
German	20	10	10	40	25	20
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	5	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	5	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	5	0	20	10	10
Indo-Iranian languages	45	20	20	95	55	35
Indo-Aryan languages	35	20	15	10	10	0
Bengali	5	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	5	5	0	5	0	0
Hindi	15	5	10	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	5	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	15	5	5	5	5	0
Iranian languages	5	0	5	85	50	35
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	5	5	5	80	50	30
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	95	50	50	445	205	240
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	5	5	0	70	30	40
Portuguese	5	0	5	75	35	40
Romanian	55	30	30	75	30	40
Spanish	30	15	10	230	110	120
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	5	0	5
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	5	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	35	20	20	40	20	15
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	5	5	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	5	5	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Ga	0	0	5	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	10	5	0	0	0	5
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	5	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	5	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	10	5	10
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	20	10	5	10	10	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	5	0	5	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	5	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	5	0	5	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	30	15	10	50	25	30
Chinese languages	30	15	15	50	25	25
Cantonese	20	10	5	25	15	10
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	5	0	5	25	10	15
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	0	5
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	0	10	5	5	0
Lao	0	5	5	5	5	0
Thai	5	5	5	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	5	5	0	5	5	5
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	5	0	5	5	5
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	5	0	5	5	5
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	5	5	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	10	5	5
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	945	435	505	425	215	210
English and French	880	410	470	280	145	135
English and non-official language	30	10	20	10	5	10
French and non-official language	30	15	15	105	50	55
English, French and non-official language	5	5	0	30	15	20
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	59,000	28,870	30,135	28,980	14,090	14,895
Single responses	57,910	28,370	29,545	28,390	13,800	14,585
Official languages	57,690	28,245	29,445	27,950	13,580	14,370
English	11,300	5,530	5,775	1,245	625	620
French	46,390	22,720	23,675	26,705	12,955	13,755
Non-official languages	220	120	100	440	220	215
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	220	120	95	440	220	215
Afro-Asiatic languages	60	40	20	60	25	35
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	5	5	5
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	5	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	55	40	20	55	25	30
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	60	35	20	55	25	30
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	20	10	15	10	5	5
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Vietnamese	20	10	15	10	5	5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	5	0	5	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	5	5	0	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	10	0	5
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	0	5
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	5
Dravidian languages	5	5	5	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	5	5	5	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	90	50	40	315	160	150
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	15	10	0	35	20	15
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	15	10	5	35	20	15
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	5	0	0	5	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	5	0	0
Polish	5	0	0	5	5	5
Russian	5	0	0	20	5	10
Serbian	5	5	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	10	5	5	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	10	5	5
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	5	0	5	10	5	5
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	10	5	10
Indo-Iranian languages	25	10	15	65	40	25
Indo-Aryan languages	20	10	15	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	10	5	5	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	5	5	5	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	65	45	25
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	70	40	25
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	55	30	25	190	95	95
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	5	0	0	5	5	5
Portuguese	5	5	5	30	15	15
Romanian	35	20	15	40	20	20
Spanish	15	10	0	115	60	55
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	5
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	5	0	5	5	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	5	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	5	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	5	0	5	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	5	5	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	20	10	10	30	10	15
Chinese languages	25	15	10	35	10	15
Cantonese	15	10	10	10	5	5
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	5	5	5	20	10	10
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0	0	5
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	5	0	5	5	0	5
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	5	0	5
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	5	5	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	5	5	0	5	5	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	1,090	505	590	595	285	305
English and French	965	445	525	315	165	150
English and non-official language	60	30	35	30	10	15
French and non-official language	40	20	20	210	90	115
English, French and non-official language	25	10	10	40	20	20
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	59,005	28,870	30,135	28,985	14,090	14,895
None	49,115	24,080	25,035	25,435	12,310	13,125
English	7,255	3,520	3,730	2,225	1,135	1,085
French	2,375	1,135	1,245	690	350	340
Non-official language	210	115	100	480	210	265
Aboriginal	40	20	20	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	170	90	80	480	215	265
English and French	5	5	5	45	25	25
English and non-official language	25	10	10	75	35	35
French and non-official language	15	5	10	40	20	20
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	50,560	24,705	25,855	22,355	10,850	11,510
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	49,000	24,035	24,965	21,605	10,530	11,070
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	28,777	35,076	23,593	43,590	51,124	37,263
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	49,010	24,035	24,980	21,605	10,530	11,080
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	26,400	31,230	22,322	37,281	42,344	32,685
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	40,940	20,950	19,990	20,320	10,070	10,245
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	25,727	31,166	21,314	39,854	49,274	32,293
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	38,335	17,570	20,760	14,990	6,270	8,715
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	8,997	10,091	8,079	6,053	4,446	7,041
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	32,810	17,185	15,620	17,680	8,905	8,775
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	27,323	32,192	23,347	41,502	50,200	34,782
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	50,490	24,670	25,820	22,360	10,850	11,510
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	48,930	24,040	24,885	21,535	10,485	11,050
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	35,334	41,290	29,578	50,937	59,410	42,896
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	48,945	24,050	24,895	21,540	10,485	11,050
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	30,426	34,940	26,066	40,978	46,553	35,689
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	40,985	20,985	20,000	20,270	10,045	10,220
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	33,285	38,718	27,584	48,004	57,459	38,716
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	38,180	17,495	20,680	14,890	6,240	8,655
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	9,548	10,307	8,907	8,341	7,371	9,041
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	32,790	17,355	15,435	17,680	8,840	8,840
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	33,909	37,949	29,368	48,020	56,582	39,458
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	50,490	24,670	25,820	22,355	10,850	11,505
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	14,425	7,615	6,810	8,730	4,655	4,075
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	42,222	47,274	36,974	58,507	67,067	48,350
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	48,600	54,209	42,326	63,423	72,464	53,078
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	78.5	81.5	74.5	88.7	92.7	83.5
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	64.4	66.4	61.7	77.4	80.5	73.3
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	21.5	18.5	25.5	11.3	7.3	16.5
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	50,560	24,700	25,855	22,360	10,850	11,505
Without total income	1,560	670	890	760	320	435
With total income	49,000	24,035	24,965	21,605	10,530	11,075
Percentage with total income	96.9	97.3	96.6	96.6	97.1	96.3
Under $10,000 (including loss)	6,725	2,575	4,145	2,105	865	1,240
$10,000 to $19,999	9,890	3,645	6,245	2,770	1,040	1,730
$20,000 to $29,999	8,895	3,780	5,110	2,495	965	1,530
$30,000 to $39,999	7,705	4,105	3,600	2,490	1,085	1,410
$40,000 to $49,999	5,720	3,435	2,285	2,540	1,170	1,370
$50,000 to $59,999	3,325	2,160	1,170	2,130	1,055	1,075
$60,000 to $69,999	2,080	1,380	705	1,795	970	825
$70,000 to $79,999	1,775	955	815	1,560	885	675
$80,000 to $89,999	1,050	595	455	1,140	675	465
$90,000 to $99,999	505	360	145	795	530	260
$100,000 and over	1,335	1,050	285	1,775	1,290	485
$100,000 to $149,999	1,005	795	210	1,370	975	400
$150,000 and over	330	260	70	405	315	85
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	50,560	24,700	25,860	22,360	10,850	11,510
Without after-tax income	1,545	665	880	755	320	430
With after-tax income	49,015	24,035	24,980	21,605	10,530	11,075
Percentage with after-tax income	96.9	97.3	96.6	96.6	97.1	96.2
Under $10,000 (including loss)	6,915	2,605	4,315	2,210	880	1,330
$10,000 to $19,999	10,460	3,885	6,580	2,940	1,120	1,820
$20,000 to $29,999	10,780	4,885	5,895	3,150	1,275	1,875
$30,000 to $39,999	8,960	5,140	3,815	3,435	1,590	1,850
$40,000 to $49,999	5,140	3,210	1,930	3,070	1,530	1,540
$50,000 to $59,999	2,875	1,820	1,055	2,545	1,405	1,135
$60,000 to $69,999	1,915	1,020	895	1,835	1,050	785
$70,000 to $79,999	755	535	220	1,030	680	350
$80,000 and over	1,215	945	270	1,395	1,005	390
$80,000 to $89,999	435	330	100	555	380	175
$90,000 to $99,999	270	205	65	285	205	80
$100,000 and over	515	410	105	555	420	130
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	50,560	24,705	25,860	22,360	10,855	11,505
Without employment income	17,750	7,520	10,235	4,680	1,950	2,735
With employment income	32,810	17,185	15,620	17,680	8,905	8,775
Percentage with employment income	64.9	69.6	60.4	79.1	82.0	76.3
Under $5,000 (including loss)	4,425	2,225	2,200	1,675	805	875
$5,000 to $9,999	3,000	1,185	1,820	1,150	490	660
$10,000 to $19,999	5,345	2,520	2,830	2,180	880	1,300
$20,000 to $29,999	4,935	2,200	2,735	1,735	660	1,075
$30,000 to $39,999	4,310	2,305	2,010	1,820	770	1,045
$40,000 to $49,999	3,535	2,080	1,455	1,835	825	1,015
$50,000 to $59,999	2,060	1,355	700	1,585	810	775
$60,000 to $69,999	1,525	1,000	520	1,395	765	630
$70,000 to $79,999	1,530	785	745	1,350	795	550
$80,000 and over	2,145	1,530	620	2,945	2,105	845
$80,000 to $89,999	790	480	315	890	580	315
$90,000 to $99,999	425	305	120	605	435	170
$100,000 and over	930	745	185	1,445	1,095	360
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	27,035	...	...	11,245	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	51,281	...	...	85,039	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	46,529	...	...	70,449	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	8,450	...	...	2,730	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	24,807	...	...	41,669	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	23,630	...	...	35,507	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	18,590	...	...	8,515	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	67,322	...	...	102,349	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	60,054	...	...	84,380	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	27,030	...	...	11,250	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	63,964	...	...	97,556	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	55,099	...	...	78,484	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	8,460	...	...	2,735	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	31,688	...	...	47,387	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	27,757	...	...	38,442	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	18,565	...	...	8,510	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	78,676	...	...	113,685	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	67,562	...	...	91,357	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	27,040	...	...	11,245	...	...
Under $5,000	240	...	...	50	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	935	...	...	85	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	725	...	...	175	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,830	...	...	260	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,690	...	...	340	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,605	...	...	285	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,795	...	...	365	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,725	...	...	375	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,320	...	...	420	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,285	...	...	445	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,405	...	...	830	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,080	...	...	815	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,845	...	...	805	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,580	...	...	755	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,150	...	...	645	...	...
$100,000 and over	4,805	...	...	4,595	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	2,150	...	...	1,525	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,265	...	...	1,145	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	975	...	...	1,310	...	...
$200,000 and over	415	...	...	620	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	27,035	...	...	11,245	...	...
Under $5,000	255	...	...	60	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	940	...	...	90	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	740	...	...	180	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,915	...	...	280	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,915	...	...	385	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,850	...	...	375	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,040	...	...	455	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,815	...	...	555	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,595	...	...	545	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,500	...	...	520	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,745	...	...	1,100	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,405	...	...	1,050	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,865	...	...	915	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,425	...	...	850	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,080	...	...	790	...	...
$100,000 and over	2,950	...	...	3,105	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,725	...	...	1,540	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	705	...	...	895	...	...
$150,000 and over	520	...	...	675	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	18,145	...	...	8,355	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	67,337	...	...	102,212	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	60,023	...	...	84,305	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.7	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	8,925	...	...	2,775	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	60,092	...	...	85,775	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	53,926	...	...	70,605	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	6,110	...	...	4,040	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	93,915	...	...	129,690	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	81,726	...	...	104,913	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	3.7	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	2,660	...	...	1,415	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	41,070	...	...	62,464	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	39,424	...	...	54,126	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.5	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	18,145	...	...	8,325	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	78,547	...	...	113,653	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	67,391	...	...	91,264	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	8,910	...	...	2,790	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	69,687	...	...	99,726	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	59,860	...	...	80,326	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	6,100	...	...	4,015	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	105,019	...	...	139,991	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	88,757	...	...	111,085	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,650	...	...	1,405	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	50,148	...	...	68,251	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	45,318	...	...	57,631	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	9,725	4,680	5,040	3,245	1,565	1,680
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	24,602	29,632	22,128	39,840	43,456	35,942
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	23,424	26,540	21,560	34,150	36,864	31,701
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	9,690	4,565	5,125	3,285	1,605	1,680
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	31,304	34,967	28,042	45,959	50,177	41,932
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	27,470	29,911	25,298	37,404	39,974	34,951
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	58,170	28,590	29,580	28,635	13,960	14,675
In the bottom half of the distribution	37,135	17,685	19,450	11,525	5,320	6,210
In the bottom decile	6,635	2,990	3,645	1,200	540	660
In the second decile	8,630	3,775	4,855	1,660	705	955
In the third decile	7,660	3,740	3,915	2,430	1,110	1,325
In the fourth decile	7,330	3,655	3,680	2,870	1,320	1,550
In the fifth decile	6,875	3,525	3,350	3,365	1,645	1,720
In the top half of the distribution	21,040	10,905	10,130	17,110	8,640	8,470
In the sixth decile	6,190	3,165	3,020	3,610	1,795	1,820
In the seventh decile	5,510	2,885	2,630	3,980	1,990	1,995
In the eighth decile	4,495	2,315	2,175	4,200	2,155	2,045
In the ninth decile	3,065	1,585	1,480	3,385	1,725	1,665
In the top decile	1,780	955	825	1,930	980	945
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	57,545	28,305	29,235	28,640	13,960	14,680
0 to 17 years	9,175	4,665	4,505	7,295	3,575	3,720
0 to 5 years	2,685	1,425	1,260	2,555	1,260	1,295
18 to 64 years	35,900	17,725	18,170	18,240	8,925	9,310
65 years and over	12,470	5,905	6,560	3,100	1,455	1,645
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	11,180	4,925	6,250	1,860	790	1,070
0 to 17 years	2,140	1,090	1,055	490	235	255
0 to 5 years	760	400	360	125	55	65
18 to 64 years	5,870	2,615	3,255	1,010	440	570
65 years and over	3,165	1,225	1,945	360	120	245
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	19.4	17.4	21.4	6.5	5.7	7.3
0 to 17 years (%)	23.3	23.4	23.4	6.7	6.6	6.9
0 to 5 years (%)	28.3	28.1	28.6	4.9	4.4	5.0
18 to 64 years (%)	16.4	14.8	17.9	5.5	4.9	6.1
65 years and over (%)	25.4	20.7	29.6	11.6	8.2	14.9
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	3,590	1,735	1,855	1,475	640	830
0 to 17 years	640	315	325	375	175	195
0 to 5 years	250	130	120	100	45	55
18 to 64 years	2,745	1,350	1,400	885	395	485
65 years and over	205	70	130	215	70	150
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	6.2	6.1	6.3	5.2	4.6	5.7
0 to 17 years (%)	7.0	6.8	7.2	5.1	4.9	5.2
0 to 5 years (%)	9.3	9.1	9.5	3.9	3.6	4.2
18 to 64 years (%)	7.6	7.6	7.7	4.9	4.4	5.2
65 years and over (%)	1.6	1.2	2.0	6.9	4.8	9.1
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	58,075	28,575	29,505	28,640	13,965	14,675
Official languages	58,020	28,540	29,480	28,565	13,920	14,645
English	39,215	19,335	19,880	15,275	7,965	7,310
French	51,580	25,465	26,115	28,310	13,800	14,515
Non-official languages	1,220	610	610	2,220	1,040	1,185
Aboriginal languages	100	40	60	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	80	35	50	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	85	30	50	0	0	0
Malecite	10	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	75	30	45	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	15	0	10	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	15	10	10	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	1,135	580	555	2,225	1,040	1,185
Afro-Asiatic languages	215	130	85	260	130	135
Berber languages	20	10	10	30	15	10
Kabyle	0	0	0	20	10	10
Berber languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	15	0	10
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	195	115	75	260	120	135
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	195	120	80	250	125	130
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	10	0	10
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	45	25	25	35	30	10
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	40	25	25	35	30	10
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	45	10	30	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	25	10	10	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	20	0	20	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	35	15	15	140	50	90
Haitian Creole	15	0	10	0	10	0
Creole, n.o.s.	20	15	10	135	50	90
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	10	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	585	295	290	1,615	730	885
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	30	25	10	155	85	70
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	30	25	10	160	85	75
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	10	0	30	15	10
Polish	0	0	0	65	35	30
Russian	20	15	0	45	25	20
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	20	10	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	10	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	105	55	50	170	95	75
Afrikaans	0	0	0	10	10	0
Danish	10	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	10	10	10	25	15	10
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	85	45	35	140	75	65
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	30	10	15
Indo-Iranian languages	45	25	15	150	90	60
Indo-Aryan languages	45	25	15	25	10	10
Bengali	10	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	10	10	10	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	30	20	10	25	10	15
Iranian languages	10	0	0	145	90	55
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	10	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	145	85	60
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	435	205	225	1,180	490	690
Catalan	0	0	0	0	10	0
Italian	35	20	15	140	40	95
Portuguese	0	0	0	130	60	70
Romanian	60	25	40	105	45	65
Spanish	350	165	185	845	365	480
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	10	0	0	10	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	95	45	50	70	45	25
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	10	0	10
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	10	0	10
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	10	0	0	10	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	30	10	20	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	20	10	15	0	0	0
Wolof	0	10	0	0	10	10
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	50	25	30	40	20	15
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	50	15	40	25	15	10
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	10	0	25	10	10
Sign languages, n.i.e.	45	10	35	0	10	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	65	35	30	60	35	25
Chinese languages	65	35	30	60	35	25
Cantonese	45	25	20	15	10	10
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	25	10	15	45	30	20
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	10	0	0	10	10	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	10	0	10	10	10	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	58,080	28,570	29,505	28,640	13,960	14,680
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	57,080	28,115	28,960	28,250	13,805	14,450
Canadian citizens aged under 18	9,175	4,710	4,465	7,305	3,605	3,700
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	47,905	23,410	24,490	20,950	10,200	10,750
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	1,000	455	545	390	155	230
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	58,080	28,575	29,505	28,640	13,965	14,680
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	56,225	27,735	28,495	27,035	13,175	13,865
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	1,640	725	915	1,555	760	795
Before 1981	785	320	470	345	170	175
1981 to 1990	120	35	85	145	75	75
1991 to 2000	145	75	75	280	150	130
2001 to 2010	295	155	140	530	250	280
2001 to 2005	140	70	75	215	105	115
2006 to 2010	155	90	65	315	145	170
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	290	140	150	250	120	125
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	215	115	95	50	30	15
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	1,645	720	915	1,560	765	800
Under 5 years	335	180	150	200	90	110
5 to 14 years	315	145	170	290	120	165
15 to 24 years	340	85	250	245	140	105
25 to 44 years	520	230	290	705	345	365
45 years and over	130	80	55	120	60	55
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	1,640	725	920	1,555	760	795
Americas	990	375	610	335	130	205
Brazil	0	0	0	30	15	10
Colombia	10	0	0	30	0	25
El Salvador	0	0	0	30	15	15
Guyana	0	0	0	0	0	10
Haiti	35	10	25	80	30	50
Jamaica	10	0	10	10	0	0
Mexico	10	0	0	40	15	25
Peru	0	0	0	10	10	0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	25	15	10
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	900	335	565	45	10	35
Other places of birth in Americas	30	25	0	40	15	25
Europe	265	140	125	635	345	295
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatia	0	0	0	0	0	0
France	35	25	15	240	140	100
Germany	30	15	20	15	0	20
Greece	0	0	0	10	10	10
Hungary	10	0	0	0	0	0
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	10	0	0	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	20	15	10
Netherlands	0	0	10	15	10	0
Poland	0	0	0	50	30	25
Portugal	0	0	0	25	10	15
Romania	60	25	35	45	15	35
Russian Federation	0	0	0	10	10	0
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	80	45	30	15	15	0
Other places of birth in Europe	40	15	20	175	100	75
Africa	200	110	90	335	165	170
Algeria	10	0	10	50	35	20
Egypt	20	0	15	30	15	15
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenya	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	35	25	10	65	35	35
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	10	0	0	10	10	0
Other places of birth in Africa	125	75	50	190	80	110
Asia	185	95	90	250	120	135
Afghanistan	0	0	0	85	45	35
Bangladesh	10	10	0	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	45	25	20	60	15	45
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	0	0	0	0	0	0
India	10	0	10	0	0	0
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	10	0
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	0	0	0	10	0	0
Lebanon	0	10	0	15	10	0
Pakistan	15	0	0	15	10	0
Philippines	20	0	20	0	10	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	45	25	25	0	0	10
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	30	15	15	30	20	10
Other places of birth in Asia	10	10	0	15	0	15
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	290	140	150	250	120	130
Americas	85	30	55	35	20	15
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	15	0	10
Cuba	10	0	0	10	10	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	10	0	10
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	75	30	45	0	0	0
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0
Europe	65	35	35	55	35	20
France	10	0	10	30	20	10
Germany	0	0	0	10	0	10
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	0	0	10	10	10	0
Romania	45	20	25	10	10	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	0	10	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	10	10	0	0	0	0
Africa	65	40	20	125	60	65
Algeria	0	0	0	10	10	0
Cameroon	0	10	0	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	10	10	10	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	20	0	10	25	15	15
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	10	0	0	15	10	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	10	0	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	40	10	30
Other places of birth in Africa	30	20	0	35	15	15
Asia	70	40	35	35	15	25
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	15	10	10	15	10	10
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	0	0	0	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	0	0	0	10	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	10	10	0	0	0	10
Philippines	10	0	10	10	0	0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	25	15	15	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkey	10	10	0	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	10	0	10
Viet Nam	15	10	10	10	0	10
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	10	10	0
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	58,080	28,575	29,505	28,640	13,960	14,680
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	2,015	905	1,105	1,735	860	875
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	2,435	1,235	1,200	1,875	920	955
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	53,630	26,430	27,205	25,030	12,180	12,845
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	880	415	465	1,215	595	620
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	375	170	200	600	315	285
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	165	120	50	295	195	100
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	205	55	150	305	125	180
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	440	200	235	365	145	225
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	70	35	30	240	135	105
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	0	10	0	15	10	10
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	58,080	28,575	29,505	28,640	13,960	14,680
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	3,030	1,540	1,490	260	140	120
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	2,900	1,475	1,425	250	130	125
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	1,485	700	785	120	55	60
Métis	1,395	760	640	125	70	60
Inuk (Inuit)	20	15	10	0	10	10
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	45	25	20	0	0	0
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	90	40	45	10	10	0
Non-Aboriginal identity	55,045	27,030	28,015	28,380	13,825	14,555
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	58,080	28,570	29,505	28,635	13,960	14,675
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	1,310	625	680	45	30	20
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	56,770	27,945	28,825	28,590	13,935	14,660
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	58,075	28,575	29,505	28,640	13,960	14,675
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	1,355	695	660	175	90	85
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	1,310	665	640	175	85	85
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	925	450	475	145	75	65
Métis single ancestry	370	215	155	30	15	15
Inuit single ancestry	10	0	10	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	45	30	20	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	45	25	20	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	10	0	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	2,675	1,310	1,365	910	430	485
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	2,560	1,255	1,310	910	430	485
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	1,675	780	895	780	350	430
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	885	465	420	135	75	55
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	10	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	110	60	55	10	10	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	100	50	50	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	10	10	10	0	0	0
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	10	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	54,050	26,570	27,480	27,550	13,440	14,110
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	58,080	28,570	29,505	28,635	13,960	14,680
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	865	445	420	1,330	655	675
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	80	50	25	55	25	30
Chinese	70	35	40	110	45	65
Black	390	185	205	410	200	205
Filipino	25	0	20	15	15	10
Latin American	20	10	10	170	80	95
Arab	165	105	60	325	150	180
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	65	30	30	75	50	25
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	0	0	0	80	50	30
Korean	15	15	0	10	10	0
Japanese	0	0	0	10	0	10
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	10	0	0	10	0	10
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	20	0	20	65	35	30
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	57,215	28,130	29,085	27,310	13,310	14,000
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	58,080	28,570	29,505	28,640	13,965	14,675
North American Aboriginal origins	4,030	2,010	2,025	1,085	520	570
First Nations (North American Indian)	2,750	1,310	1,435	925	430	495
Inuit	40	25	15	0	0	0
Métis	1,405	760	645	165	95	70
Other North American origins	45,570	22,370	23,200	20,365	9,870	10,500
Acadian	1,925	930	995	145	60	90
American	790	360	430	235	105	130
Canadian	44,180	21,730	22,450	19,605	9,485	10,120
New Brunswicker	30	20	0	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	0	0	10	0	0	0
Ontarian	0	0	10	0	10	0
Québécois	150	70	75	620	315	305
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	10	0	0	0	0	0
European origins	21,425	10,440	10,985	11,715	5,850	5,865
British Isles origins	8,760	4,230	4,530	3,105	1,505	1,600
Channel Islander	35	15	25	10	0	10
Cornish	0	0	0	0	0	0
English	3,970	1,865	2,100	995	515	475
Irish	4,015	1,895	2,120	1,895	920	980
Manx	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish	2,935	1,445	1,495	915	405	515
Welsh	45	40	10	35	30	10
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	155	65	95	40	20	25
French origins	15,865	7,705	8,155	8,305	4,120	4,190
Alsatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Breton	10	10	0	100	45	55
Corsican	0	0	0	0	0	0
French	15,860	7,705	8,155	8,240	4,095	4,145
Western European origins (except French origins)	670	325	340	985	510	480
Austrian	25	10	15	65	40	25
Bavarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belgian	25	0	15	260	165	90
Dutch	125	60	60	95	55	40
Flemish	10	10	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	495	235	260	555	260	290
Luxembourger	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss	30	15	15	65	25	40
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	215	105	110	45	35	10
Danish	45	30	20	25	20	0
Finnish	20	15	0	0	10	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	90	45	45	10	10	0
Swedish	55	25	30	10	0	10
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	10	0	10	0	0	0
Eastern European origins	235	130	105	705	395	310
Bulgarian	10	0	10	15	0	10
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	0	0	0	20	15	10
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	30	20	10	110	70	45
Latvian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	25	15	10
Moldovan	0	0	0	15	0	10
Polish	70	35	30	290	145	150
Romanian	70	25	45	135	65	65
Russian	30	15	15	90	60	25
Slovak	0	0	0	40	20	20
Ukrainian	60	50	10	55	30	30
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern European origins	530	270	255	1,520	760	765
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	10	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cypriot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	70	45	30
Italian	435	240	200	865	420	440
Kosovar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	10	0	10	30	20	10
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montenegrin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	25	10	20	285	125	160
Serbian	0	0	0	10	10	10
Sicilian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovenian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Spanish	50	25	25	265	140	130
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	0	0	0	25	10	10
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	10	10	0	0	0	0
Other European origins	50	25	25	60	35	25
Basque	10	0	0	10	10	10
Jewish	20	15	10	0	0	0
Roma (Gypsy)	0	0	0	0	10	0
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	30	10	20	35	10	20
Caribbean origins	130	55	75	295	135	160
Antiguan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bahamian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Barbadian	10	0	0	15	10	10
Bermudan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carib	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuban	15	15	0	10	10	0
Dominican	0	0	0	10	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0	0	10
Haitian	40	15	20	240	105	130
Jamaican	30	10	30	10	10	10
Kittitian/Nevisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Martinican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montserratan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	0	0	0	0	0	0
St. Lucian	20	10	10	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	0	0	10
Vincentian/Grenadinian	0	0	0	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	15	10	10	0	0	0
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins	20	10	15	300	145	160
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arawak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belizean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bolivian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Brazilian	0	0	0	25	15	10
Chilean	0	0	0	45	20	20
Colombian	15	0	10	40	10	35
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guyanese	0	0	0	15	0	15
Hispanic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maya	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mexican	0	0	0	65	35	30
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Panamanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	10	0	0
Peruvian	0	0	0	35	25	10
Salvadorean	0	0	0	55	25	30
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	10	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	10	0	0	15	10	10
African origins	400	215	185	515	275	245
Central and West African origins	115	60	55	105	60	50
Akan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Angolan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ashanti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	20	15	10
Burkinabe	0	0	0	25	10	15
Cameroonian	35	20	15	40	15	20
Chadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congolese	20	10	15	0	10	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gabonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guinean	10	0	0	15	0	10
Ibo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ivorian	10	10	0	10	10	10
Liberian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malinké	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Peulh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Senegalese	10	10	0	0	0	0
Sierra Leonean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Togolese	10	10	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	45	15	30	0	0	0
North African origins	125	75	50	295	150	150
Algerian	15	10	10	80	55	30
Berber	25	15	10	40	20	15
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	25	10	15	75	35	35
Libyan	10	10	0	0	0	0
Maure	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moroccan	55	45	15	105	40	70
Sudanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	0	15	10	10
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins	70	35	40	45	20	25
Afrikaner	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burundian	30	15	20	15	0	10
Djiboutian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	25	10	10	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	10	0	25	10	15
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rwandan	10	0	10	0	0	0
Seychellois	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
South African	10	0	0	0	10	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zulu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other African origins	135	65	65	90	60	30
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	30	10	20	25	15	10
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	105	60	50	70	40	20
Asian origins	510	250	260	755	380	375
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	230	120	110	400	205	190
Afghan	0	0	0	120	75	45
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	50	35	20	135	65	70
Armenian	0	0	0	15	10	10
Assyrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hazara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian	0	0	0	30	15	15
Iraqi	0	0	0	10	0	0
Israeli	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurd	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kuwaiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanese	115	50	65	65	35	30
Palestinian	10	10	0	10	0	10
Pashtun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saudi Arabian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syrian	55	30	25	0	0	10
Tajik	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tatar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turk	0	0	0	25	15	10
Turkmen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uighur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Asian origins	100	55	45	85	30	55
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	10	0	0
Bengali	10	0	0	0	0	0
Bhutanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
East Indian	70	40	25	55	10	50
Goan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistani	15	10	0	20	10	10
Punjabi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	10	0	10	10	10	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	0	0	0	0	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins	190	80	110	285	155	135
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	25	15	10	15	0	0
Chinese	100	45	55	165	70	100
Filipino	20	0	25	20	20	10
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	15	10	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	10	15	15	0
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	15	10	10
Laotian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	10	10	10
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	40	25	20	50	35	10
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other Asian origins	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oceania origins	15	15	10	15	15	0
Australian	10	10	0	0	0	0
New Zealander	10	10	0	15	10	0
Pacific Islands origins	10	10	10	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hawaiian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maori	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	10	10	0	0	0	0
Samoan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	10	10	0	0	0	0
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	27,025	...	...	11,245	...	...
Owner	20,640	...	...	8,590	...	...
Renter	6,330	...	...	2,655	...	...
Band housing	55	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	27,030	...	...	11,245	...	...
Condominium	1,145	...	...	1,790	...	...
Not condominium	25,880	...	...	9,460	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	27,030	...	...	11,245	...	...
No bedrooms	30	...	...	25	...	...
1 bedroom	2,825	...	...	770	...	...
2 bedrooms	8,075	...	...	3,125	...	...
3 bedrooms	10,400	...	...	4,180	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	5,700	...	...	3,145	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	27,030	...	...	11,245	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	5,860	...	...	2,785	...	...
5 rooms	5,805	...	...	1,495	...	...
6 rooms	4,920	...	...	1,120	...	...
7 rooms	3,805	...	...	1,555	...	...
8 or more rooms	6,635	...	...	4,290	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.2	...	...	6.7	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	27,025	...	...	11,245	...	...
One person or fewer per room	26,940	...	...	11,190	...	...
More than 1 person per room	85	...	...	60	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	27,025	...	...	11,250	...	...
Suitable	26,560	...	...	11,025	...	...
Not suitable	470	...	...	220	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	27,025	...	...	11,245	...	...
1960 or before	8,235	...	...	1,120	...	...
1961 to 1980	8,990	...	...	2,575	...	...
1981 to 1990	4,150	...	...	1,625	...	...
1991 to 2000	3,175	...	...	1,975	...	...
2001 to 2005	925	...	...	955	...	...
2006 to 2010	895	...	...	1,440	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	655	...	...	1,555	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	27,025	...	...	11,245	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	24,770	...	...	10,820	...	...
Major repairs needed	2,255	...	...	425	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	27,025	...	...	11,245	...	...
1 household maintainer	18,020	...	...	6,010	...	...
2 household maintainers	8,825	...	...	5,150	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	185	...	...	80	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	27,030	...	...	11,245	...	...
15 to 24 years	635	...	...	180	...	...
25 to 34 years	2,535	...	...	1,810	...	...
35 to 44 years	3,575	...	...	2,715	...	...
45 to 54 years	5,255	...	...	2,525	...	...
55 to 64 years	6,565	...	...	2,050	...	...
65 to 74 years	5,210	...	...	1,315	...	...
75 to 84 years	2,525	...	...	505	...	...
85 years and over	720	...	...	140	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	26,635	...	...	11,225	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	22,405	...	...	9,570	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	4,230	...	...	1,655	...	...
30% to less than 100%	3,860	...	...	1,540	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	20,405	...	...	8,590	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	50.3	...	...	76.7	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	10.4	...	...	10.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	606	...	...	1,282	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	742	...	...	1,291	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	100,213	...	...	296,155	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	124,255	...	...	312,473	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	6,280	...	...	2,655	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	19.9	...	...	9.4	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	33.8	...	...	29.5	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	549	...	...	792	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	571	...	...	829	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	50,495	24,670	25,820	22,360	10,850	11,505
No certificate, diploma or degree	14,560	7,670	6,890	3,035	1,495	1,535
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	13,050	6,125	6,925	4,950	2,405	2,545
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	22,885	10,880	12,005	14,370	6,945	7,425
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	6,125	3,990	2,140	3,680	2,250	1,430
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	3,605	2,040	1,565	2,570	1,310	1,260
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	2,520	1,955	570	1,105	940	170
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	9,745	4,195	5,550	4,650	2,005	2,645
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,040	355	680	1,070	460	610
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	5,980	2,340	3,635	4,970	2,240	2,730
Bachelor's degree	4,285	1,570	2,715	3,410	1,520	1,890
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	460	155	305	355	165	190
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	315	170	140	135	60	75
Master's degree	800	380	420	975	440	530
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	125	70	50	95	50	40
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	32,345	15,865	16,470	15,900	7,670	8,230
No certificate, diploma or degree	6,335	3,815	2,525	1,225	630	595
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	8,940	4,255	4,685	2,900	1,445	1,460
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	17,065	7,800	9,265	11,775	5,595	6,180
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	4,230	2,685	1,545	2,955	1,730	1,225
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	2,590	1,435	1,155	2,045	960	1,075
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	1,645	1,250	390	910	765	145
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	7,650	3,250	4,400	3,495	1,535	1,960
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	675	200	470	880	380	495
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	4,510	1,665	2,845	4,450	1,950	2,495
Bachelor's degree	3,220	1,135	2,085	3,070	1,350	1,720
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	360	120	235	290	140	155
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	265	135	130	125	45	80
Master's degree	565	220	345	885	380	500
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	100	55	50	85	40	45
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	50,490	24,670	25,820	22,360	10,850	11,510
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	27,605	13,790	13,815	7,990	3,905	4,085
Education	1,865	475	1,390	980	180	800
13. Education	1,865	480	1,390	980	180	800
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	270	115	150	615	270	355
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	30	15	10	95	65	30
50. Visual and performing arts	240	100	135	520	195	325
Humanities	480	205	280	755	240	515
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	65	20	45	95	25	70
23. English language and literature/letters	30	10	25	10	0	10
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	180	60	115	430	150	280
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	0	0	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	20	10	10	10	10	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	55	35	15	35	25	15
54. History	75	50	30	50	25	25
55. French language and literature/letters	55	20	40	120	10	110
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,375	335	1,040	1,245	350	890
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	10	0	10
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	45	20	25	150	35	110
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	645	45	600	260	15	250
22. Legal professions and studies	190	55	130	220	70	155
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	15	0	15	25	0	25
42. Psychology	230	80	155	260	60	195
45. Social sciences	245	120	120	310	170	140
Business, management and public administration	4,070	1,090	2,980	3,620	1,380	2,235
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	0	15	0	0	10
44. Public administration and social service professions	300	60	245	165	25	140
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	3,755	1,030	2,725	3,450	1,355	2,100
Physical and life sciences and technologies	275	140	135	475	280	195
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	110	35	70	170	60	110
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	70	40	25	70	45	25
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	0	0	0	55	40	20
40. Physical sciences	50	45	10	155	130	25
41. Science technologies/technicians	45	20	25	25	0	20
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	500	295	205	735	515	220
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	385	260	125	630	475	160
25. Library science	85	0	80	45	10	40
27. Mathematics and statistics	25	25	0	45	25	25
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	0	0	0	10	10	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	5,785	5,655	140	2,985	2,820	165
04. Architecture and related services	20	20	10	95	45	50
14. Engineering	325	305	20	540	500	35
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	805	770	35	600	545	55
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	1,675	1,635	40	735	735	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,015	2,005	10	615	605	15
48. Precision production	950	920	30	395	380	10
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	735	605	125	185	85	105
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	230	155	70	125	50	75
03. Natural resources and conservation	505	450	55	60	30	30
Health and related fields	5,235	885	4,350	1,670	275	1,400
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	190	125	65	100	40	50
51. Health professions and related programs	4,955	700	4,255	1,555	220	1,335
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	90	60	30	20	10	10
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,295	1,085	1,210	1,105	560	550
12. Personal and culinary services	1,410	290	1,120	570	125	440
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	0	0	0	10	0
43. Security and protective services	395	315	80	345	260	85
49. Transportation and materials moving	485	480	10	185	170	20
Other	10	0	0	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	10	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	32,340	15,870	16,475	15,895	7,665	8,235
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	15,275	8,070	7,210	4,120	2,070	2,055
Education	1,150	255	900	740	130	610
13. Education	1,150	255	895	740	130	610
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	215	95	125	520	220	305
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	20	10	10	80	55	25
50. Visual and performing arts	190	85	110	445	165	275
Humanities	315	125	185	500	150	355
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	40	20	15	80	15	60
23. English language and literature/letters	25	10	15	10	0	10
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	110	30	80	240	90	155
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	0	0	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	20	10	10	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	25	15	10	30	15	15
54. History	60	35	25	45	30	15
55. French language and literature/letters	40	10	30	105	10	100
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,055	260	795	1,075	310	765
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	15	0	15
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	45	20	25	145	35	105
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	505	40	455	220	10	215
22. Legal professions and studies	175	60	120	190	65	125
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	10	0	10	25	0	25
42. Psychology	180	60	120	210	45	170
45. Social sciences	150	80	70	265	155	115
Business, management and public administration	3,170	775	2,395	3,090	1,155	1,930
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	0	10	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	230	35	195	125	10	110
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	2,930	735	2,195	2,955	1,140	1,815
Physical and life sciences and technologies	190	80	105	335	160	170
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	85	30	55	145	40	105
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	35	15	20	50	30	20
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	0	0	0	0	0	10
40. Physical sciences	40	30	10	125	100	25
41. Science technologies/technicians	25	0	20	15	0	15
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	420	245	175	695	480	210
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	350	235	115	600	450	145
25. Library science	65	0	65	40	0	40
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	10	0	40	20	20
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	0	0	0	10	10	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	4,170	4,045	125	2,385	2,240	140
04. Architecture and related services	25	15	10	80	40	40
14. Engineering	260	235	25	500	465	30
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	640	610	30	470	425	45
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	1,165	1,125	35	585	590	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,465	1,455	0	455	445	15
48. Precision production	620	590	20	290	275	15
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	595	485	110	165	65	95
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	180	115	65	105	40	65
03. Natural resources and conservation	420	370	50	60	30	30
Health and related fields	4,015	655	3,360	1,340	205	1,140
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	120	70	50	80	30	45
51. Health professions and related programs	3,815	535	3,280	1,245	165	1,080
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	80	55	25	15	0	10
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,770	795	980	925	470	455
12. Personal and culinary services	1,100	205	900	470	95	380
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	265	200	65	300	230	70
49. Transportation and materials moving	395	390	0	150	145	10
Other	10	0	0	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	0	0	0	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	50,490	24,670	25,820	22,360	10,850	11,505
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	27,605	13,790	13,815	7,985	3,905	4,080
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	22,890	10,880	12,005	14,370	6,950	7,425
Location of study inside Canada	22,220	10,580	11,640	13,865	6,665	7,200
Same as province or territory of residence	18,220	8,655	9,565	13,615	6,520	7,090
Different than province or territory of residence	4,005	1,920	2,085	255	145	110
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	665	305	360	510	285	225
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	335	115	225	50	30	20
Philippines	15	0	15	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	35	30	10	10	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 162}	15	0	10	15	10	10
France	55	30	25	140	80	60
Other	195	115	80	290	160	130
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	32,345	15,865	16,475	15,895	7,670	8,230
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	15,275	8,065	7,210	4,125	2,070	2,055
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	17,065	7,805	9,260	11,775	5,595	6,180
Location of study inside Canada	16,545	7,580	8,965	11,365	5,385	5,980
Same as province or territory of residence	13,580	6,210	7,375	11,160	5,285	5,880
Different than province or territory of residence	2,960	1,370	1,595	200	100	95
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	520	225	300	410	210	200
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	240	75	165	50	25	25
Philippines	15	0	10	0	0	0
India	0	10	0	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	15	10	0	10	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 162}	15	10	15	15	10	10
France	55	25	25	120	70	55
Other	180	105	80	215	105	115
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	50,490	24,670	25,820	22,360	10,850	11,505
In the labour force	29,015	15,040	13,980	16,670	8,300	8,370
Employed	25,490	12,730	12,760	16,005	7,930	8,070
Unemployed	3,530	2,310	1,220	665	370	300
Not in the labour force	21,475	9,635	11,840	5,690	2,550	3,140
Participation rate	57.5	61.0	54.1	74.6	76.5	72.8
Employment rate	50.5	51.6	49.4	71.6	73.1	70.1
Unemployment rate	12.2	15.4	8.7	4.0	4.5	3.6
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	50,490	24,670	25,820	22,360	10,850	11,510
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	19,880	8,675	11,210	5,205	2,240	2,970
Worked	30,615	16,000	14,610	17,155	8,615	8,535
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	14,675	7,770	6,910	8,875	4,760	4,110
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	15,935	8,235	7,705	8,285	3,850	4,430
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.7	40.0	41.4	44.5	44.8	44.2
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	29,015	15,035	13,980	16,665	8,300	8,370
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	540	245	300	205	95	115
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	28,470	14,795	13,680	16,465	8,205	8,255
Employee	25,975	13,230	12,745	14,740	7,220	7,520
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	2,500	1,565	935	1,720	985	735
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	29,015	15,040	13,975	16,665	8,295	8,370
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	545	245	300	210	95	110
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	28,475	14,795	13,680	16,460	8,205	8,255
0 Management occupations	2,205	1,340	865	1,910	1,215	700
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	3,220	685	2,530	2,910	940	1,970
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	995	815	180	1,330	1,030	295
3 Health occupations	3,200	595	2,600	1,235	185	1,055
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	3,055	830	2,225	2,320	645	1,675
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	340	145	190	545	290	255
6 Sales and service occupations	6,830	2,675	4,155	3,345	1,340	2,005
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	5,000	4,760	245	2,100	2,020	80
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,215	1,020	195	100	80	20
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	2,415	1,930	490	660	460	205
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	29,015	15,040	13,975	16,665	8,300	8,365
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	540	245	295	205	95	115
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	28,475	14,795	13,680	16,460	8,205	8,255
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	1,620	1,320	305	100	65	35
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	105	100	0	25	15	10
22 Utilities	155	140	15	205	130	75
23 Construction	1,810	1,650	170	1,055	930	120
31-33 Manufacturing	4,040	3,265	775	1,745	1,220	530
41 Wholesale trade	455	345	110	605	435	170
44-45 Retail trade	3,605	1,690	1,910	2,020	850	1,170
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,205	975	225	680	480	200
51 Information and cultural industries	380	180	195	595	360	235
52 Finance and insurance	540	135	405	870	380	490
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	165	100	65	290	165	125
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	660	360	300	1,470	865	605
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	10	15	10	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	785	465	315	580	330	240
61 Educational services	1,820	480	1,340	1,315	325	990
62 Health care and social assistance	5,670	995	4,675	2,030	310	1,725
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	380	180	200	365	160	205
72 Accommodation and food services	1,895	640	1,255	745	310	440
81 Other services (except public administration)	1,320	640	680	670	275	395
91 Public administration	1,850	1,115	740	1,080	585	490
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	25,490	12,730	12,760	16,005	7,930	8,070
Worked at home	1,310	560	750	1,120	575	540
Worked outside Canada	125	75	50	15	10	10
No fixed workplace address	2,690	1,980	705	1,265	920	345
Worked at usual place	21,375	10,115	11,255	13,600	6,425	7,175
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	21,370	10,120	11,255	13,600	6,430	7,175
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	9,650	4,320	5,330	2,535	1,080	1,460
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	10,245	4,980	5,265	515	225	290
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	905	485	415	10,530	5,110	5,420
Commute to a different province or territory	575	325	250	25	20	10
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	24,060	12,100	11,960	14,865	7,350	7,520
Car, truck, van - as a driver	21,445	10,775	10,675	11,835	6,000	5,835
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	1,195	510	680	475	185	290
Public transit	120	95	25	1,930	875	1,050
Walked	915	455	460	420	165	260
Bicycle	45	15	30	95	80	20
Other method	345	250	95	115	40	70
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	24,060	12,100	11,965	14,870	7,350	7,525
Less than 15 minutes	12,845	6,080	6,765	2,745	1,120	1,625
15 to 29 minutes	7,665	3,645	4,020	4,270	1,980	2,285
30 to 44 minutes	2,050	1,245	810	3,845	2,055	1,785
45 to 59 minutes	610	460	155	1,975	1,165	810
60 minutes and over	890	680	210	2,040	1,025	1,015
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	24,060	12,100	11,960	14,865	7,350	7,520
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,990	1,460	525	1,365	1,110	260
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	4,275	2,675	1,600	3,155	1,825	1,330
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	8,735	4,040	4,695	4,715	1,980	2,735
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	4,035	1,435	2,605	2,475	955	1,520
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	1,540	440	1,100	1,115	425	685
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	3,480	2,050	1,435	2,045	1,055	990
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	31,490	16,400	15,090	17,470	8,755	8,715
Single responses	28,405	14,905	13,500	16,435	8,170	8,265
Official languages	28,365	14,880	13,485	16,425	8,160	8,260
English	6,080	3,400	2,680	1,120	625	490
French	22,285	11,480	10,805	15,305	7,535	7,770
Non-official languages	35	20	20	15	10	10
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	40	20	15	15	10	10
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0	10	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Spanish	0	0	0	0	0	10
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	10	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	30	15	10	10	0	0
Chinese languages	30	10	15	10	0	0
Cantonese	15	10	10	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	15	10	0	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	3,085	1,500	1,585	1,030	585	445
English and French	3,060	1,485	1,575	1,000	575	420
English and non-official language	15	10	0	10	0	0
French and non-official language	0	0	0	10	0	10
English, French and non-official language	10	10	10	15	10	10
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	31,490	16,405	15,090	17,470	8,750	8,715
None	18,320	9,705	8,615	10,880	5,075	5,805
English	10,215	5,125	5,085	5,670	3,160	2,510
French	2,910	1,545	1,370	845	485	360
Non-official language	50	30	15	35	10	20
Aboriginal	10	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	45	30	15	35	10	20
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	0	0	0	30	10	15
French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	10	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	57,660	28,355	29,305	28,270	13,790	14,485
Non-movers	52,835	26,030	26,805	25,190	12,280	12,910
Movers	4,825	2,320	2,505	3,080	1,510	1,570
Non-migrants	2,715	1,265	1,450	1,220	600	620
Migrants	2,105	1,055	1,050	1,855	905	950
Internal migrants	1,980	990	995	1,830	890	940
Intraprovincial migrants	1,465	735	730	1,785	865	925
Interprovincial migrants	520	255	265	40	30	10
External migrants	125	70	55	25	15	15
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	55,890	27,410	28,480	26,515	12,935	13,585
Non-movers	42,660	21,155	21,505	16,300	8,045	8,255
Movers	13,235	6,255	6,975	10,220	4,890	5,325
Non-migrants	7,445	3,415	4,030	3,820	1,745	2,085
Migrants	5,790	2,840	2,945	6,395	3,150	3,245
Internal migrants	5,405	2,660	2,745	6,120	2,995	3,125
Intraprovincial migrants	3,850	1,900	1,955	5,965	2,915	3,045
Interprovincial migrants	1,550	760	790	150	80	75
External migrants	380	180	205	275	155	125

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Madawaska--Restigouche [Federal electoral district], New Brunswick and Chambly, V [Census subdivision], Quebec (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 17, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Madawaska--Restigouche [Federal electoral district], New Brunswick and Chambly, Ville [Census subdivision], Quebec

Census Profile, 2016 Census Madawaska--Restigouche [Federal electoral district], New Brunswick and Chambly, Ville [Census subdivision], Quebec

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How to cite

Census Profile, 2016 Census
Madawaska--Restigouche [Federal electoral district], New Brunswick and Chambly, Ville [Census subdivision], Quebec