Census Profile, 2016 Census
Laurentides--Labelle [Federal electoral district], Quebec and Division No. 4, Census division [Census division], Saskatchewan

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Laurentides--Labelle Quebec [Federal electoral district]			Division No. 4, CDR Saskatchewan [Census division]
	Data quality , Laurentides--Labelle [Federal electoral district], Quebec Map : Laurentides--Labelle [Federal electoral district], Quebec Change geography 1			Data quality : Division No. 4, Census division [Census division], Saskatchewan Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	113,815	...	...	10,854	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	111,357	...	...	10,879	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	2.2	...	...	-0.2	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	80,889	...	...	5,262	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	54,545	...	...	4,181	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	6.4	...	...	0.5	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	17,779.21	...	...	21,366.27	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	113,815	56,420	57,390	10,855	5,405	5,455
0 to 14 years	14,250	7,300	6,955	2,015	1,015	1,000
0 to 4 years	4,460	2,265	2,190	695	365	330
5 to 9 years	4,975	2,485	2,490	635	325	310
10 to 14 years	4,820	2,545	2,270	685	325	360
15 to 64 years	70,715	34,920	35,800	6,775	3,360	3,410
15 to 19 years	4,790	2,405	2,385	700	365	330
20 to 24 years	4,630	2,365	2,265	580	295	285
25 to 29 years	4,545	2,320	2,230	570	275	295
30 to 34 years	5,085	2,565	2,525	600	285	315
35 to 39 years	5,940	2,920	3,020	560	280	280
40 to 44 years	5,865	2,915	2,950	565	275	290
45 to 49 years	6,655	3,260	3,395	615	285	330
50 to 54 years	9,815	4,675	5,140	810	400	405
55 to 59 years	11,830	5,700	6,125	965	475	490
60 to 64 years	11,560	5,790	5,770	815	425	390
65 years and over	28,850	14,210	14,640	2,065	1,025	1,040
65 to 69 years	10,510	5,290	5,220	640	340	305
70 to 74 years	7,890	4,035	3,855	500	265	230
75 to 79 years	4,820	2,505	2,315	335	170	165
80 to 84 years	3,055	1,445	1,610	305	140	165
85 years and over	2,575	930	1,645	280	105	175
85 to 89 years	1,715	680	1,040	165	70	95
90 to 94 years	690	215	470	95	35	60
95 to 99 years	150	30	120	15	0	15
100 years and over	15	5	10	5	0	5
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	12.5	12.9	12.1	18.6	18.8	18.3
15 to 64 years	62.1	61.9	62.4	62.4	62.2	62.5
65 years and over	25.3	25.2	25.5	19.0	19.0	19.1
85 years and over	2.3	1.6	2.9	2.6	1.9	3.2
Average age of the population	47.7	47.3	48.1	41.9	41.5	42.2
Median age of the population	52.8	52.4	53.1	43.6	43.3	43.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	54,545	...	...	4,185	...	...
Single-detached house	38,185	...	...	3,700	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	10	...	...	5	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	15,800	...	...	305	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,650	...	...	55	...	...
Row house	945	...	...	25	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	5,630	...	...	10	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	7,265	...	...	200	...	...
Other single-attached house	315	...	...	10	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	550	...	...	175	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	54,545	...	...	4,180	...	...
1 person	19,585	...	...	1,340	...	...
2 persons	22,550	...	...	1,670	...	...
3 persons	6,100	...	...	425	...	...
4 persons	4,475	...	...	420	...	...
5 or more persons	1,830	...	...	325	...	...
Number of persons in private households	110,790	...	...	9,405	...	...
Average household size	2.0	...	...	2.2	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	99,565	49,125	50,440	8,845	4,390	4,455
Married or living common law	58,650	29,345	29,305	5,680	2,830	2,855
Married	33,380	16,735	16,640	5,090	2,540	2,555
Living common law	25,270	12,610	12,660	590	295	300
Not married and not living common law	40,915	19,780	21,135	3,160	1,560	1,595
Never married	24,310	13,375	10,925	2,030	1,150	880
Separated	1,460	735	725	155	75	85
Divorced	8,710	4,050	4,660	420	210	205
Widowed	6,440	1,625	4,820	555	120	435
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	33,555	...	...	2,785	...	...
2 persons	22,240	...	...	1,670	...	...
3 persons	5,650	...	...	420	...	...
4 persons	4,195	...	...	415	...	...
5 or more persons	1,470	...	...	290	...	...
Average size of census families	2.6	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	33,555	...	...	2,785	...	...
Total couple families	28,785	...	...	2,515	...	...
Married couples	16,155	...	...	2,215	...	...
Common-law couples	12,625	...	...	295	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	4,775	...	...	270	...	...
Female parent	3,400	...	...	205	...	...
Male parent	1,375	...	...	65	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	28,780	...	...	2,515	...	...
Couples without children	19,100	...	...	1,495	...	...
Couples with children	9,685	...	...	1,020	...	...
1 child	4,355	...	...	355	...	...
2 children	3,930	...	...	385	...	...
3 or more children	1,395	...	...	280	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	4,770	...	...	275	...	...
1 child	3,140	...	...	170	...	...
2 children	1,295	...	...	70	...	...
3 or more children	340	...	...	35	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	24,765	12,380	12,385	1,605	850	750
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	54,545	...	...	4,180	...	...
One-census-family households	32,970	...	...	2,725	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	18,820	...	...	1,480	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	14,150	...	...	1,250	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	290	...	...	30	...	...
Non-census-family households	21,285	...	...	1,425	...	...
One-person households	19,590	...	...	1,340	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	1,695	...	...	85	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	112,570	55,820	56,755	10,700	5,335	5,365
English only	1,245	620	630	10,380	5,200	5,185
French only	63,925	30,400	33,530	5	0	0
English and French	47,350	24,785	22,565	275	115	160
Neither English nor French	50	20	35	35	20	15
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	112,575	55,815	56,755	10,700	5,335	5,365
English	5,785	2,950	2,830	10,525	5,250	5,275
French	106,145	52,560	53,590	135	60	70
English and French	600	290	315	5	0	0
Neither English nor French	45	15	25	35	20	15
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	6,085	3,095	2,985	135	65	75
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	5.4	5.5	5.3	1.3	1.2	1.4
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	112,570	55,820	56,755	10,700	5,335	5,365
Single responses	111,435	55,235	56,200	10,600	5,295	5,310
Official languages	109,295	54,175	55,120	9,040	4,545	4,500
English	4,935	2,540	2,400	8,775	4,425	4,355
French	104,360	51,635	52,715	270	120	150
Non-official languages	2,140	1,055	1,080	1,555	745	810
Aboriginal languages	15	5	10	65	30	45
Algonquian languages	5	0	5	70	30	40
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	5	0	0	65	25	40
Atikamekw	5	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	5	0	5
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	5	5	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	60	25	35
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	5	5	0	0	0
Algonquin	5	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	5
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	5	0	5	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	5	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	2,125	1,050	1,075	1,490	720	765
Afro-Asiatic languages	195	115	75	0	0	0
Berber languages	15	10	5	0	0	0
Kabyle	5	5	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	10	10	5	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	175	105	70	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	165	95	70	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	15	10	5	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	25	10	15	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	5	5	0	0	0
Vietnamese	15	10	10	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	25	5	20	195	95	95
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	25	10	15
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	5	5	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	5	0	5
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	5	0	5
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	20	5	15	155	80	75
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	20	10	10	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	15	5	10	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	5	0	0	0
Tamil	5	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	1,645	810	840	1,235	600	640
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	20	5	10	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	285	125	160	25	15	10
Baltic languages	15	5	5	0	0	0
Latvian	5	5	5	0	0	0
Lithuanian	10	5	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	270	120	150	25	20	10
Belarusan	0	0	0	5	0	0
Bosnian	5	0	5	0	0	0
Bulgarian	10	5	5	0	0	0
Croatian	10	5	5	5	5	0
Czech	20	10	15	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	115	50	65	5	0	0
Russian	75	30	40	0	0	0
Serbian	5	5	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	5	0	0	0	0
Slovak	10	5	10	5	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	30	15	15	15	5	5
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	5	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	5	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	395	185	210	1,165	565	600
Afrikaans	0	0	0	5	0	0
Danish	10	0	0	5	0	5
Dutch	60	25	30	5	0	5
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	5
German	295	135	165	1,135	555	575
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	5	5	0	10	5	5
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	15	10	10	0	0	0
Yiddish	10	5	5	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	50	35	20	5	0	5
Indo-Iranian languages	15	15	5	10	5	5
Indo-Aryan languages	5	5	0	10	10	5
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	5	0	0	5	5	5
Hindi	0	0	0	5	5	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	5	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	5	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	10	10	5	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	10	10	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	880	445	435	30	15	20
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	300	185	115	0	0	0
Portuguese	85	35	45	5	0	5
Romanian	95	40	50	0	0	0
Spanish	405	185	220	25	10	15
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	10	5	15	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	10	10	10	20	5	10
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	20	10	10	5	5	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	5	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	5
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	15	5	5	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	5	5	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	5	0	5	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	80	35	45	20	15	10
Chinese languages	80	35	45	20	10	10
Cantonese	25	10	10	10	5	5
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	35	15	20	5	5	5
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	15	10	5	5	5	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	0	5	0	0	0
Lao	5	5	5	0	0	0
Thai	5	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	15	10	5	0	5	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	15	10	5	0	5	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	45	25	25	5	0	5
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	45	20	20	0	0	5
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	1,140	585	550	95	45	55
English and French	865	440	420	35	15	15
English and non-official language	70	40	30	65	30	35
French and non-official language	160	75	80	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	45	25	20	0	0	5
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	112,575	55,815	56,755	10,700	5,335	5,365
Single responses	111,075	55,075	55,995	10,290	5,145	5,145
Official languages	110,550	54,820	55,725	9,340	4,675	4,660
English	5,095	2,585	2,510	9,315	4,665	4,650
French	105,450	52,235	53,215	20	10	10
Non-official languages	525	255	265	955	470	485
Aboriginal languages	5	0	5	15	5	10
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	15	5	10
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	5	0	5	15	5	5
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	5	10
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	5	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	525	260	265	940	465	475
Afro-Asiatic languages	35	20	20	0	0	0
Berber languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	5	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	35	20	15	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	30	20	15	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	5	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	5	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	5	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	100	50	50
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	5	0	5
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	5	0	5
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	5	0	5
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	85	45	40
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	5	0	5	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	405	190	210	805	395	405
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	10	5	10	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	80	40	40	10	5	5
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	5	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	80	40	45	5	5	5
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	5	5	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	5	0	5	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	40	15	20	0	0	5
Russian	30	15	10	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	5	5	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	55	25	25	775	385	390
Afrikaans	5	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	5	5	5	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	40	20	25	765	380	385
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	5	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	5
Greek	20	5	10	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	5	0	5	0	5	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	5	5	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	5	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	5	0	5	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	235	110	125	25	10	15
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	40	20	20	5	0	0
Portuguese	15	5	10	5	0	0
Romanian	55	25	35	0	0	0
Spanish	120	60	60	20	10	10
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	10	0	0	20	10	10
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	5	5	5	5	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	5	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	20	15	5	5	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	5	5	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	15	10	5	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	30	15	20	5	5	5
Chinese languages	35	15	20	10	0	5
Cantonese	10	5	5	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	15	5	10	5	0	5
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0	5	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	5	5	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	5	5	5	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	5	0	0
Hungarian	10	5	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	1,500	745	760	410	190	220
English and French	905	460	445	5	5	5
English and non-official language	120	55	65	405	190	215
French and non-official language	365	165	195	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	115	60	50	0	0	0
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	112,570	55,820	56,755	10,700	5,335	5,365
None	102,725	50,915	51,810	9,660	4,825	4,830
English	6,675	3,340	3,335	820	405	415
French	1,910	960	950	35	10	25
Non-official language	880	415	465	180	85	95
Aboriginal	10	10	5	50	20	25
Non-Aboriginal	870	410	460	135	70	65
English and French	45	20	30	0	0	0
English and non-official language	250	125	125	0	0	0
French and non-official language	75	40	35	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	10	5	0	0	0	0
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	96,570	47,835	48,730	7,765	3,910	3,860
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	94,360	46,890	47,475	7,565	3,805	3,760
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	29,503	33,852	25,621	36,207	42,022	31,187
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	94,400	46,895	47,510	7,565	3,805	3,760
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	26,740	30,060	23,758	33,137	37,205	28,763
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	81,925	41,485	40,440	7,180	3,655	3,525
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	25,495	29,962	21,666	32,507	38,673	26,568
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	76,560	37,235	39,325	5,145	2,340	2,805
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	9,084	8,959	9,258	6,309	5,784	6,544
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	61,725	31,945	29,785	6,195	3,260	2,940
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	24,570	27,070	22,151	28,466	33,333	24,816
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	96,570	47,855	48,715	7,765	3,910	3,860
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	94,445	46,850	47,595	7,595	3,830	3,765
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	38,446	43,701	33,274	44,108	51,628	36,465
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	94,455	46,850	47,605	7,595	3,830	3,765
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	31,986	35,663	28,367	37,304	42,496	32,027
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	81,920	41,270	40,645	7,215	3,710	3,505
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	35,273	40,931	29,527	40,769	48,302	32,795
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	76,635	37,455	39,180	5,105	2,370	2,730
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	9,675	9,557	9,788	7,979	7,741	8,186
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	61,725	31,710	30,015	6,195	3,285	2,910
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	33,044	37,008	28,856	37,168	42,828	30,776
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	96,565	47,855	48,715	7,765	3,910	3,855
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	22,710	11,865	10,845	3,060	1,830	1,235
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	40,092	44,074	36,839	41,079	42,844	39,074
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	47,999	53,615	41,856	48,660	53,155	41,995
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	79.8	83.0	75.7	87.7	90.5	83.8
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	56.7	57.6	55.6	68.3	70.9	64.8
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	20.2	17.0	24.3	12.3	9.4	16.2
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	96,570	47,840	48,735	7,765	3,905	3,860
Without total income	2,210	950	1,255	200	100	100
With total income	94,360	46,890	47,475	7,565	3,810	3,760
Percentage with total income	97.7	98.0	97.4	97.4	97.6	97.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	10,995	4,670	6,325	860	390	470
$10,000 to $19,999	20,110	8,385	11,725	1,175	480	695
$20,000 to $29,999	16,785	7,735	9,045	1,130	470	660
$30,000 to $39,999	13,585	6,900	6,680	1,045	470	570
$40,000 to $49,999	10,920	5,865	5,055	930	490	440
$50,000 to $59,999	7,085	3,995	3,095	665	355	310
$60,000 to $69,999	4,530	2,665	1,870	475	285	185
$70,000 to $79,999	3,275	1,915	1,365	325	210	110
$80,000 to $89,999	1,975	1,205	770	260	140	115
$90,000 to $99,999	1,280	865	415	205	125	75
$100,000 and over	3,825	2,685	1,135	510	380	130
$100,000 to $149,999	2,390	1,645	745	365	260	105
$150,000 and over	1,430	1,045	390	145	115	30
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	96,570	47,840	48,730	7,765	3,905	3,855
Without after-tax income	2,170	940	1,225	200	100	100
With after-tax income	94,405	46,895	47,510	7,565	3,805	3,760
Percentage with after-tax income	97.8	98.0	97.5	97.4	97.4	97.5
Under $10,000 (including loss)	11,770	4,875	6,890	885	400	480
$10,000 to $19,999	21,210	8,860	12,355	1,235	505	730
$20,000 to $29,999	20,160	9,655	10,505	1,295	555	745
$30,000 to $39,999	16,530	8,700	7,835	1,285	625	655
$40,000 to $49,999	10,565	5,930	4,630	1,000	525	470
$50,000 to $59,999	5,835	3,400	2,430	640	385	260
$60,000 to $69,999	3,315	2,000	1,315	430	260	170
$70,000 to $79,999	1,730	1,155	580	290	175	115
$80,000 and over	3,280	2,310	975	510	370	140
$80,000 to $89,999	895	605	285	180	110	65
$90,000 to $99,999	635	450	185	115	90	30
$100,000 and over	1,755	1,255	500	215	170	45
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	96,565	47,835	48,730	7,765	3,905	3,860
Without employment income	34,840	15,895	18,950	1,570	645	925
With employment income	61,730	31,945	29,785	6,195	3,260	2,935
Percentage with employment income	63.9	66.8	61.1	79.8	83.5	76.0
Under $5,000 (including loss)	10,150	5,390	4,760	1,040	550	490
$5,000 to $9,999	5,510	2,425	3,085	530	240	285
$10,000 to $19,999	10,855	5,000	5,855	870	390	480
$20,000 to $29,999	9,095	4,320	4,770	755	340	420
$30,000 to $39,999	7,720	3,970	3,755	750	350	400
$40,000 to $49,999	5,510	2,945	2,565	595	325	270
$50,000 to $59,999	3,720	2,155	1,560	425	235	190
$60,000 to $69,999	2,620	1,470	1,150	320	215	110
$70,000 to $79,999	2,140	1,190	950	220	140	80
$80,000 and over	4,410	3,075	1,330	695	480	210
$80,000 to $89,999	1,190	770	415	175	100	80
$90,000 to $99,999	845	570	280	160	105	60
$100,000 and over	2,375	1,740	640	355	280	75
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	54,545	...	...	4,180	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	51,481	...	...	65,139	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	45,788	...	...	58,054	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	19,585	...	...	1,340	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	27,786	...	...	34,987	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	25,701	...	...	31,744	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	34,960	...	...	2,840	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	67,716	...	...	84,779	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	59,393	...	...	74,661	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	54,545	...	...	4,180	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	66,568	...	...	80,120	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	55,390	...	...	67,761	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	19,555	...	...	1,350	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	36,413	...	...	42,014	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	30,740	...	...	35,658	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	34,990	...	...	2,830	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	83,420	...	...	98,274	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	69,165	...	...	83,055	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	54,545	...	...	4,180	...	...
Under $5,000	690	...	...	45	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	965	...	...	45	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	2,130	...	...	85	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	3,455	...	...	220	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	3,375	...	...	220	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,900	...	...	155	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	3,510	...	...	205	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	3,405	...	...	210	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	3,095	...	...	180	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,920	...	...	180	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	5,180	...	...	385	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,345	...	...	335	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,805	...	...	260	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,910	...	...	255	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,365	...	...	260	...	...
$100,000 and over	9,490	...	...	1,160	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,020	...	...	425	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,175	...	...	285	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	1,895	...	...	270	...	...
$200,000 and over	1,395	...	...	175	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	54,545	...	...	4,185	...	...
Under $5,000	785	...	...	50	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	980	...	...	45	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	2,160	...	...	80	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	3,660	...	...	220	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	3,785	...	...	235	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	3,430	...	...	185	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	4,240	...	...	245	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	4,005	...	...	235	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	3,650	...	...	200	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	3,420	...	...	240	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	5,880	...	...	425	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,770	...	...	360	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,580	...	...	320	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,700	...	...	305	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,970	...	...	215	...	...
$100,000 and over	5,525	...	...	815	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	2,855	...	...	390	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,235	...	...	215	...	...
$150,000 and over	1,435	...	...	215	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	33,665	...	...	2,780	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	68,006	...	...	84,565	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	59,569	...	...	74,673	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.6	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	18,515	...	...	1,470	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	63,713	...	...	77,024	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	55,463	...	...	68,809	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	9,750	...	...	1,020	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	90,690	...	...	105,643	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	78,277	...	...	91,867	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	3.8	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	4,645	...	...	255	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	46,266	...	...	52,032	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	42,696	...	...	47,232	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.5	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	33,660	...	...	2,760	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	83,881	...	...	98,048	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	69,442	...	...	82,878	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	18,475	...	...	1,460	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	79,739	...	...	91,761	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	65,340	...	...	76,864	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	9,825	...	...	1,025	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	105,607	...	...	116,433	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	87,501	...	...	98,772	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,560	...	...	240	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	53,171	...	...	60,168	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	46,651	...	...	53,021	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	23,045	11,630	11,420	1,510	800	705
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	26,329	27,930	25,007	34,528	39,056	29,184
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	24,581	25,618	23,856	31,152	35,040	27,093
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	23,005	11,570	11,440	1,545	830	710
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	35,100	36,512	33,673	41,675	43,483	39,564
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	29,724	30,348	29,093	35,328	36,253	34,249
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	110,795	55,115	55,680	9,400	4,725	4,675
In the bottom half of the distribution	72,490	35,450	37,045	4,835	2,335	2,500
In the bottom decile	11,585	5,760	5,825	815	425	385
In the second decile	16,435	7,760	8,680	1,030	460	570
In the third decile	16,310	7,895	8,420	950	440	510
In the fourth decile	15,265	7,585	7,685	1,050	525	530
In the fifth decile	12,895	6,450	6,445	985	485	500
In the top half of the distribution	38,300	19,670	18,630	4,570	2,390	2,175
In the sixth decile	11,595	5,890	5,700	975	510	465
In the seventh decile	9,350	4,780	4,570	975	520	460
In the eighth decile	7,180	3,725	3,450	935	500	435
In the ninth decile	5,415	2,815	2,600	985	510	480
In the top decile	4,760	2,455	2,305	695	365	335
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	110,790	55,115	55,675	9,240	4,655	4,585
0 to 17 years	17,135	8,745	8,395	1,930	980	945
0 to 5 years	5,405	2,730	2,675	600	320	280
18 to 64 years	66,760	32,790	33,970	5,410	2,725	2,680
65 years and over	26,900	13,590	13,310	1,905	950	950
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	19,930	9,555	10,380	1,235	605	635
0 to 17 years	3,195	1,605	1,585	285	150	140
0 to 5 years	940	460	480	100	55	45
18 to 64 years	11,440	5,615	5,820	595	305	295
65 years and over	5,300	2,335	2,965	355	155	200
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	18.0	17.3	18.6	13.4	13.0	13.8
0 to 17 years (%)	18.6	18.4	18.9	14.8	15.3	14.8
0 to 5 years (%)	17.4	16.8	17.9	16.7	17.2	16.1
18 to 64 years (%)	17.1	17.1	17.1	11.0	11.2	11.0
65 years and over (%)	19.7	17.2	22.3	18.6	16.3	21.1
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	6,625	3,455	3,170	380	205	175
0 to 17 years	840	395	445	95	50	45
0 to 5 years	225	100	125	35	15	20
18 to 64 years	5,330	2,855	2,480	245	140	110
65 years and over	450	205	250	40	20	20
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	6.0	6.3	5.7	4.1	4.4	3.8
0 to 17 years (%)	4.9	4.5	5.3	4.9	5.1	4.8
0 to 5 years (%)	4.2	3.7	4.7	5.8	4.7	7.1
18 to 64 years (%)	8.0	8.7	7.3	4.5	5.1	4.1
65 years and over (%)	1.7	1.5	1.9	2.1	2.1	2.1
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	110,795	55,115	55,680	9,405	4,725	4,675
Official languages	110,750	55,095	55,655	9,390	4,725	4,665
English	48,155	25,310	22,845	9,380	4,720	4,665
French	109,535	54,470	55,060	265	105	160
Non-official languages	6,670	3,075	3,595	850	390	460
Aboriginal languages	45	20	20	90	50	35
Algonquian languages	30	15	15	90	50	40
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	10	10	10	85	50	35
Atikamekw	10	0	10	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	10	10	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	10	80	45	35
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	20	15	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	15	10	10	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	10	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	6,635	3,060	3,580	765	340	420
Afro-Asiatic languages	380	195	185	0	0	0
Berber languages	55	30	25	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	50	25	20	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	340	180	165	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	300	155	150	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	45	25	15	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	35	10	25	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	10	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	25	0	20	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	55	0	55	310	140	170
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	10	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	10	0	10	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	35	0	30	305	140	170
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	70	45	25	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	10	10	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	60	35	20	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	5,830	2,710	3,120	350	160	195
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	15	10	10	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	445	220	225	55	35	20
Baltic languages	15	0	10	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Slavic languages	435	215	220	50	35	15
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Bulgarian	10	10	10	0	0	0
Croatian	30	20	10	0	0	0
Czech	55	30	25	15	10	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	190	85	105	10	0	0
Russian	105	55	50	10	0	0
Serbian	0	10	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	10	10	10	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	10	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	40	15	20	15	15	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	10	10	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	930	445	485	240	95	140
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	15	0	15	15	0	15
Dutch	80	45	35	15	0	15
Frisian	0	0	0	10	0	10
German	790	370	420	190	95	100
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	15	0	0	10	0	0
Swedish	25	10	10	10	0	10
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	25	20	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	0	15
Greek	110	50	60	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	30	25	10	20	10	10
Indo-Aryan languages	20	15	0	20	15	10
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	10	10	10
Hindi	10	0	0	10	0	10
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	10	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	15	10	10	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	15	10	10	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	4,565	2,065	2,495	65	25	40
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	785	430	360	10	0	10
Portuguese	190	75	115	0	0	0
Romanian	100	50	50	0	0	0
Spanish	3,725	1,620	2,105	60	20	35
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	45	20	30	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	10	0	10	60	20	45
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	35	25	10	10	10	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	10	0	10	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	10	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	10	10	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	10	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	10	10	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	130	65	65	10	10	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	75	45	35	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	50	20	30	10	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	110	40	75	30	15	15
Chinese languages	110	35	75	30	15	10
Cantonese	30	10	15	10	0	10
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	85	20	60	10	10	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	15	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	20	0	20	0	0	0
Lao	10	10	0	0	0	0
Thai	20	0	20	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	25	20	10	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	10
Hungarian	25	15	10	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	110,790	55,120	55,675	9,400	4,730	4,675
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	109,295	54,400	54,895	8,970	4,530	4,440
Canadian citizens aged under 18	16,910	8,675	8,235	1,845	900	945
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	92,390	45,730	46,660	7,130	3,635	3,490
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	1,500	715	785	430	190	235
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	110,790	55,115	55,675	9,400	4,725	4,675
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	105,880	52,635	53,245	8,640	4,395	4,250
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	4,645	2,345	2,295	710	300	410
Before 1981	1,655	940	720	160	65	95
1981 to 1990	530	235	300	45	10	35
1991 to 2000	760	355	405	35	25	10
2001 to 2010	1,145	585	560	150	60	90
2001 to 2005	605	345	260	25	10	20
2006 to 2010	545	240	300	130	55	70
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	545	235	310	315	135	180
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	265	130	135	50	35	15
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	4,640	2,345	2,295	710	300	410
Under 5 years	580	270	310	70	25	45
5 to 14 years	750	365	385	150	55	95
15 to 24 years	1,005	540	470	135	65	70
25 to 44 years	1,880	950	930	285	125	165
45 years and over	420	220	200	65	25	40
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	4,640	2,345	2,295	705	300	405
Americas	640	295	345	175	80	95
Brazil	10	0	0	0	0	0
Colombia	35	10	25	0	0	0
El Salvador	25	15	0	0	0	0
Guyana	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haiti	35	15	20	10	10	0
Jamaica	10	0	0	0	0	0
Mexico	80	40	40	45	20	25
Peru	20	0	15	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0	0	0
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	245	125	120	115	60	60
Other places of birth in Americas	190	80	115	10	0	10
Europe	3,160	1,685	1,475	165	70	100
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	10	0	0	0
Croatia	20	15	0	0	0	0
France	1,605	890	720	0	0	0
Germany	235	95	140	20	10	15
Greece	35	20	15	0	0	0
Hungary	10	10	0	0	0	0
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	10	0	0	0	0	0
Italy	160	125	30	0	0	0
Netherlands	40	20	20	15	0	15
Poland	105	45	60	0	0	0
Portugal	45	20	30	0	0	0
Romania	75	40	30	0	0	10
Russian Federation	65	35	25	0	0	0
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	0	10	10	0	0	0
Ukraine	15	10	10	25	15	10
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	185	95	90	70	40	30
Other places of birth in Europe	550	255	290	35	10	30
Africa	370	195	170	0	0	0
Algeria	85	45	40	0	0	0
Egypt	65	45	20	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenya	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	110	65	45	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	10	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	110	45	60	0	0	0
Asia	430	150	280	350	150	195
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	10	0	0	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	110	20	90	25	15	15
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	25	15	10	0	0	0
India	15	10	0	10	0	0
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	15	10	10	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	15	0	15	0	0	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	10	0	15	30	10	15
Lebanon	80	50	35	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Philippines	35	0	35	280	115	165
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	10	10	0	0	0	0
Taiwan	10	0	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	40	15	25	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	60	15	40	10	0	0
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	45	20	25	15	10	15
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	545	235	310	315	135	180
Americas	105	35	70	35	15	25
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Colombia	15	0	10	0	0	0
Cuba	15	0	10	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mexico	10	0	15	10	0	0
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	20	0	15	25	10	10
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	15	0	10	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	20	10	0	10	0	0
Europe	350	175	170	30	20	15
France	265	155	110	0	0	0
Germany	30	0	20	0	0	0
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian Federation	10	0	10	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	25	15	10
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	0	0	0	0	10	0
Other places of birth in Europe	45	20	35	10	0	10
Africa	45	20	30	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroon	10	0	0	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	20	10	10	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	15	15	0	0	0	0
Asia	45	0	40	240	100	145
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	20	0	15	10	10	0
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	0	0	0	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	10	0	0
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	10	0	10	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Philippines	10	0	10	215	85	135
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	10	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	10	0	10	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	0	0	0	0	0	10
Australia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	10	0	0	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	110,795	55,115	55,675	9,400	4,730	4,675
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	5,205	2,640	2,560	785	360	425
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	4,855	2,490	2,365	1,365	695	665
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	100,740	49,985	50,755	7,250	3,675	3,575
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	3,035	1,430	1,605	545	235	310
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	1,735	890	850	395	185	215
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	855	500	355	130	95	35
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	880	385	495	270	85	180
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	1,155	465	690	125	40	85
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	125	70	60	10	0	10
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	25	10	10	15	10	0
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	110,790	55,120	55,675	9,400	4,725	4,675
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	3,565	1,765	1,800	550	260	290
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	3,450	1,700	1,750	515	245	270
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	1,055	520	545	355	180	170
Métis	2,370	1,185	1,190	165	60	100
Inuk (Inuit)	20	10	20	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	75	45	30	10	10	0
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	40	20	20	25	15	15
Non-Aboriginal identity	107,225	53,350	53,875	8,850	4,465	4,385
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	110,795	55,115	55,675	9,400	4,730	4,675
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	730	350	380	345	175	170
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	110,065	54,770	55,300	9,055	4,555	4,500
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	110,790	55,115	55,675	9,400	4,730	4,675
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	2,230	1,085	1,140	285	130	150
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	2,175	1,065	1,110	265	130	135
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	1,470	715	755	255	130	120
Métis single ancestry	690	345	350	10	0	10
Inuit single ancestry	10	0	10	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	55	25	25	25	10	15
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	55	30	30	15	0	15
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	10	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	4,965	2,335	2,630	425	200	225
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	4,865	2,290	2,575	420	200	220
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	3,805	1,785	2,025	240	130	110
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	1,050	500	545	180	70	110
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	10	10	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	105	45	60	10	0	10
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	100	45	55	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	10	0	0	0	0	0
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	103,595	51,695	51,900	8,690	4,390	4,300
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	110,790	55,115	55,675	9,400	4,730	4,675
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	1,430	570	860	490	215	270
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	55	20	35	30	20	10
Chinese	230	65	170	45	20	25
Black	355	140	215	15	15	10
Filipino	50	20	30	330	145	185
Latin American	255	135	120	10	0	10
Arab	230	105	125	0	0	0
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	95	35	65	0	0	0
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	15	10	10	0	0	0
Korean	15	0	10	55	15	40
Japanese	40	20	20	0	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	55	20	35	0	0	0
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	45	15	35	0	0	0
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	109,365	54,540	54,820	8,910	4,510	4,400
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	110,790	55,115	55,680	9,405	4,725	4,675
North American Aboriginal origins	7,195	3,420	3,775	710	335	380
First Nations (North American Indian)	5,430	2,575	2,860	520	265	255
Inuit	25	10	15	0	10	0
Métis	1,895	915	980	210	70	140
Other North American origins	79,830	39,580	40,250	2,505	1,225	1,275
Acadian	475	225	250	0	0	0
American	640	305	335	190	95	95
Canadian	76,565	37,865	38,700	2,375	1,160	1,215
New Brunswicker	10	0	0	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	0	0	10	0	0	0
Ontarian	30	25	10	0	0	0
Québécois	3,050	1,635	1,415	0	0	10
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	0	0	0	0	0	0
European origins	43,740	21,995	21,745	7,450	3,775	3,680
British Isles origins	11,235	5,470	5,765	4,955	2,480	2,475
Channel Islander	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cornish	0	0	0	0	0	0
English	2,705	1,395	1,315	2,960	1,460	1,500
Irish	7,355	3,475	3,880	1,725	805	920
Manx	0	0	10	0	0	10
Scottish	2,785	1,305	1,480	2,525	1,295	1,225
Welsh	85	40	45	180	110	75
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	270	130	140	70	35	35
French origins	30,795	15,540	15,260	1,160	520	635
Alsatian	50	45	0	0	0	0
Breton	275	120	155	0	0	0
Corsican	100	50	55	0	0	0
French	30,495	15,390	15,105	1,155	520	635
Western European origins (except French origins)	4,130	2,015	2,115	3,240	1,570	1,670
Austrian	190	100	85	95	35	55
Bavarian	0	0	0	0	10	0
Belgian	1,175	590	580	140	75	70
Dutch	400	190	210	365	180	180
Flemish	35	20	10	10	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	2,185	1,060	1,130	2,740	1,330	1,405
Luxembourger	15	0	10	55	30	25
Swiss	370	185	180	65	25	40
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	360	180	180	1,855	1,055	805
Danish	100	40	60	280	110	170
Finnish	10	0	0	65	35	25
Icelandic	15	0	15	40	25	15
Norwegian	125	55	75	1,180	695	485
Swedish	75	45	35	445	235	210
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	45	35	10	45	30	0
Eastern European origins	2,220	1,100	1,115	1,300	640	660
Bulgarian	25	10	10	0	0	0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	140	65	75	35	25	10
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	30	15	20	15	15	0
Estonian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	215	120	95	45	10	35
Latvian	20	10	10	0	0	0
Lithuanian	50	20	25	15	10	10
Moldovan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	920	455	460	340	135	205
Romanian	215	115	100	75	35	40
Russian	495	235	265	380	195	185
Slovak	30	20	0	25	15	10
Ukrainian	370	185	185	515	270	250
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	30	15	10	0	0	0
Southern European origins	3,940	1,990	1,950	110	35	75
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	10	0	0	0
Catalan	10	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	40	15	25	0	0	10
Cypriot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	240	115	130	10	0	10
Italian	2,765	1,400	1,365	60	25	40
Kosovar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	15	0	10	0	0	0
Montenegrin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	330	165	160	0	0	0
Serbian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Sicilian	15	15	0	0	0	0
Slovenian	15	10	10	10	0	0
Spanish	605	290	315	35	15	15
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	40	25	10	0	0	0
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	0	10	0	0	0	0
Other European origins	350	170	175	20	20	10
Basque	35	15	20	10	10	0
Jewish	110	55	60	0	0	0
Roma (Gypsy)	40	0	35	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	0	0	0	0	10	0
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	160	95	65	10	0	10
Caribbean origins	365	150	220	10	0	10
Antiguan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bahamian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bermudan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carib	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuban	100	35	60	0	0	0
Dominican	15	15	0	10	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	190	85	105	0	10	0
Jamaican	45	0	40	0	0	10
Kittitian/Nevisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Martinican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montserratan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	0	0	0	0	0	0
St. Lucian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vincentian/Grenadinian	0	0	0	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	15	0	10	0	0	0
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins	550	265	285	40	25	15
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	15	10	10	0	0	0
Arawak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	30	20	10	0	0	0
Belizean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bolivian	15	0	10	0	0	0
Brazilian	25	0	20	0	0	0
Chilean	35	15	20	0	0	0
Colombian	40	15	25	0	0	0
Costa Rican	20	10	15	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guatemalan	55	40	20	0	0	10
Guyanese	15	10	0	0	0	0
Hispanic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maya	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mexican	140	70	70	25	15	10
Nicaraguan	10	0	0	0	0	10
Panamanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Peruvian	55	20	40	10	0	10
Salvadorean	75	50	30	0	0	0
Uruguayan	15	0	10	0	0	0
Venezuelan	20	0	15	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	15	20	0	0	0	0
African origins	735	310	425	20	15	10
Central and West African origins	85	40	45	0	10	0
Akan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Angolan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ashanti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burkinabe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroonian	15	0	10	0	0	0
Chadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congolese	20	0	20	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gabonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guinean	10	0	10	0	0	0
Ibo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Liberian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Malian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malinké	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Peulh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Senegalese	20	15	0	0	0	0
Sierra Leonean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Togolese	10	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	20	15	10	0	0	0
North African origins	470	215	255	0	0	0
Algerian	125	55	70	0	0	0
Berber	60	30	30	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	110	60	50	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maure	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moroccan	115	45	70	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tunisian	60	20	40	0	0	0
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins	55	25	25	0	0	0
Afrikaner	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burundian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Djiboutian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	10	0	10	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	10	10	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Seychellois	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
South African	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zulu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	15	0	15	0	0	0
Other African origins	125	30	95	10	0	10
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	20	0	20	0	0	0
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	105	35	80	15	10	0
Asian origins	1,165	500	660	480	215	265
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	580	310	265	0	0	0
Afghan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	75	45	30	0	0	0
Armenian	50	20	25	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	10	10	10	0	0	0
Hazara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian	20	10	10	10	0	10
Iraqi	10	10	0	0	0	0
Israeli	10	10	0	0	0	0
Jordanian	20	15	10	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	10	0	0	0
Kurd	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kuwaiti	10	0	10	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	10	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanese	285	150	130	0	0	0
Palestinian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saudi Arabian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syrian	65	40	25	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tatar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turk	55	25	25	0	0	0
Turkmen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uighur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	10	0	0	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Asian origins	40	20	15	35	20	10
Bangladeshi	0	0	10	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	10	0	0	0
Bhutanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
East Indian	15	10	0	35	20	10
Goan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	10	0	0	0	0
Pakistani	10	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	10	10	0	0	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins	550	170	380	445	195	250
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	10	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese	305	80	220	60	25	40
Filipino	55	15	45	325	145	185
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	35	20	15	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	25	0	15	55	15	40
Laotian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	10	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	25	0	15	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	90	30	60	0	10	0
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other Asian origins	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oceania origins	105	55	55	40	25	10
Australian	30	15	15	20	10	10
New Zealander	40	20	25	15	10	0
Pacific Islands origins	40	25	15	10	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Hawaiian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Maori	10	10	0	0	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	25	10	15	0	0	0
Samoan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	54,545	...	...	4,180	...	...
Owner	39,640	...	...	3,345	...	...
Renter	14,910	...	...	790	...	...
Band housing	0	...	...	45	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	54,545	...	...	4,185	...	...
Condominium	3,425	...	...	85	...	...
Not condominium	51,120	...	...	4,095	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	54,545	...	...	4,180	...	...
No bedrooms	125	...	...	10	...	...
1 bedroom	6,585	...	...	290	...	...
2 bedrooms	18,535	...	...	910	...	...
3 bedrooms	19,945	...	...	1,415	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	9,355	...	...	1,560	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	54,545	...	...	4,180	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	15,465	...	...	605	...	...
5 rooms	10,595	...	...	590	...	...
6 rooms	8,595	...	...	690	...	...
7 rooms	7,055	...	...	565	...	...
8 or more rooms	12,835	...	...	1,735	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.0	...	...	7.2	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	54,545	...	...	4,185	...	...
One person or fewer per room	54,415	...	...	4,155	...	...
More than 1 person per room	125	...	...	25	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	54,545	...	...	4,185	...	...
Suitable	53,530	...	...	4,090	...	...
Not suitable	1,015	...	...	95	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	54,545	...	...	4,180	...	...
1960 or before	10,830	...	...	1,650	...	...
1961 to 1980	16,625	...	...	1,380	...	...
1981 to 1990	7,990	...	...	545	...	...
1991 to 2000	6,330	...	...	200	...	...
2001 to 2005	4,210	...	...	105	...	...
2006 to 2010	5,070	...	...	145	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	3,490	...	...	160	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	54,545	...	...	4,180	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	50,655	...	...	3,680	...	...
Major repairs needed	3,895	...	...	500	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	54,545	...	...	4,185	...	...
1 household maintainer	35,815	...	...	2,670	...	...
2 household maintainers	18,360	...	...	1,485	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	375	...	...	30	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	54,545	...	...	4,180	...	...
15 to 24 years	1,075	...	...	160	...	...
25 to 34 years	4,745	...	...	495	...	...
35 to 44 years	6,825	...	...	515	...	...
45 to 54 years	9,710	...	...	690	...	...
55 to 64 years	14,140	...	...	975	...	...
65 to 74 years	11,735	...	...	715	...	...
75 to 84 years	5,135	...	...	405	...	...
85 years and over	1,180	...	...	215	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	54,255	...	...	3,255	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	41,830	...	...	2,820	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	12,425	...	...	440	...	...
30% to less than 100%	11,070	...	...	425	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	39,400	...	...	2,520	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	56.8	...	...	43.1	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	16.6	...	...	9.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	791	...	...	561	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	897	...	...	763	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	210,939	...	...	160,535	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	258,705	...	...	202,611	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	14,900	...	...	760	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	6.8	...	...	10.5	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	39.6	...	...	27.3	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	665	...	...	701	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	726	...	...	721	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	96,565	47,855	48,715	7,765	3,905	3,860
No certificate, diploma or degree	21,675	11,455	10,220	1,785	1,060	730
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	21,320	10,120	11,200	2,465	1,340	1,120
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	53,570	26,275	27,295	3,510	1,505	2,005
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	19,760	11,980	7,775	810	530	275
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	13,870	7,320	6,550	370	200	165
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	5,885	4,665	1,225	440	335	110
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	15,575	6,380	9,195	1,390	410	980
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,900	1,570	2,325	365	160	200
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	14,340	6,340	8,000	950	400	545
Bachelor's degree	9,810	4,105	5,710	760	310	450
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,405	645	755	55	25	30
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	485	290	190	35	25	10
Master's degree	2,305	1,115	1,190	85	35	50
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	335	185	150	10	10	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	60,295	29,345	30,950	4,880	2,460	2,425
No certificate, diploma or degree	10,505	5,930	4,575	685	475	210
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	11,975	5,670	6,305	1,635	900	740
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	37,810	17,740	20,070	2,560	1,080	1,475
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	14,860	8,735	6,120	590	400	190
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	10,560	5,310	5,250	260	155	105
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	4,300	3,425	870	330	250	85
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	10,850	4,360	6,490	1,050	290	755
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,285	905	1,380	200	100	95
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	9,820	3,740	6,075	725	290	440
Bachelor's degree	6,995	2,630	4,365	590	235	355
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	855	305	550	30	0	25
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	310	145	170	35	25	10
Master's degree	1,460	585	875	60	15	45
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	195	75	115	10	10	10
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	96,570	47,855	48,715	7,765	3,905	3,860
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	43,000	21,580	21,420	4,250	2,400	1,850
Education	4,775	1,245	3,525	435	105	320
13. Education	4,775	1,245	3,525	430	110	325
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,850	825	1,025	60	30	30
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	215	155	60	10	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	1,635	675	960	55	20	30
Humanities	2,580	1,000	1,585	105	55	45
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	405	65	340	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	95	30	60	30	15	15
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,320	575	740	20	0	15
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	15	10	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	125	65	60	10	10	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	125	65	60	35	15	20
54. History	180	105	75	10	10	0
55. French language and literature/letters	330	75	250	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,105	1,255	2,845	160	35	120
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	30	0	30	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	425	125	300	10	0	10
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	945	75	870	50	10	45
22. Legal professions and studies	750	345	410	25	0	25
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	150	20	130	10	0	10
42. Psychology	855	220	640	10	0	15
45. Social sciences	945	475	470	50	25	25
Business, management and public administration	11,785	4,135	7,655	565	90	470
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	0	15	10	0	10
44. Public administration and social service professions	675	110	565	60	10	50
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	11,095	4,030	7,070	490	80	410
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,315	735	585	45	15	25
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	390	195	190	20	0	15
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	285	195	90	10	0	10
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	260	95	165	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	300	220	75	15	10	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	80	30	55	10	0	10
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,135	630	500	90	35	55
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	845	535	305	70	30	40
25. Library science	140	10	130	10	0	10
27. Mathematics and statistics	150	80	70	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	11,080	10,430	655	745	700	45
04. Architecture and related services	325	200	125	0	0	0
14. Engineering	1,055	970	90	80	65	15
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	1,900	1,710	185	140	130	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	2,895	2,805	85	155	150	10
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	3,050	2,950	100	270	255	15
48. Precision production	1,865	1,795	70	105	100	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,800	1,245	555	365	280	85
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	715	370	350	325	255	65
03. Natural resources and conservation	1,080	875	205	40	20	20
Health and related fields	7,710	1,540	6,170	750	95	655
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	695	340	360	50	10	30
51. Health professions and related programs	6,900	1,115	5,785	700	80	620
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	115	80	35	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	5,425	3,230	2,195	205	60	145
12. Personal and culinary services	2,880	980	1,900	140	35	105
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	30	30	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	965	775	190	45	20	30
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,550	1,450	100	20	0	10
Other	10	0	10	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	10	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	60,290	29,345	30,950	4,880	2,460	2,420
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	22,480	11,600	10,880	2,320	1,375	945
Education	2,715	560	2,150	270	60	210
13. Education	2,715	560	2,150	270	60	210
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,350	565	780	40	15	30
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	155	100	50	0	10	0
50. Visual and performing arts	1,200	465	730	35	10	30
Humanities	1,465	505	960	65	35	30
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	250	15	230	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	50	15	30	25	15	10
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	765	340	430	10	0	10
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	10	10	10	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	65	40	30	10	10	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	35	15	25	20	0	10
54. History	110	50	60	10	0	0
55. French language and literature/letters	180	20	160	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,085	815	2,270	150	35	110
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	30	0	30	10	0	10
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	360	115	245	10	0	10
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	710	30	680	45	10	35
22. Legal professions and studies	545	210	335	25	0	20
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	90	10	80	10	0	10
42. Psychology	695	155	540	10	0	15
45. Social sciences	655	290	365	45	30	20
Business, management and public administration	8,550	2,655	5,895	435	55	380
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	0	10	10	0	10
44. Public administration and social service professions	530	75	460	50	10	40
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	8,010	2,585	5,430	375	40	325
Physical and life sciences and technologies	720	395	330	45	20	25
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	285	140	145	20	0	15
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	180	105	75	10	0	10
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	55	20	35	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	165	120	45	15	10	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	35	10	25	10	0	10
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	860	500	355	80	25	50
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	685	445	240	65	25	40
25. Library science	90	10	75	10	0	10
27. Mathematics and statistics	80	40	40	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	10	0	0	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	7,785	7,255	525	560	535	30
04. Architecture and related services	260	145	110	0	0	0
14. Engineering	710	630	80	65	55	15
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	1,265	1,125	140	115	110	10
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	1,995	1,930	65	105	110	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,230	2,165	65	200	190	0
48. Precision production	1,325	1,265	70	75	70	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,455	990	465	250	185	65
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	565	275	290	225	180	50
03. Natural resources and conservation	890	715	175	30	10	20
Health and related fields	5,635	1,045	4,595	490	65	425
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	525	250	275	35	10	25
51. Health professions and related programs	5,050	760	4,290	455	50	400
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	60	35	30	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	4,190	2,460	1,725	175	60	115
12. Personal and culinary services	2,210	735	1,470	120	30	85
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	25	25	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	715	550	165	35	15	15
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,235	1,145	85	20	10	15
Other	0	0	10	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	0	0	10	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	96,570	47,855	48,715	7,765	3,910	3,855
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	43,000	21,580	21,415	4,250	2,400	1,850
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	53,570	26,275	27,295	3,510	1,505	2,010
Location of study inside Canada	51,270	25,025	26,245	3,155	1,345	1,810
Same as province or territory of residence	49,490	24,085	25,410	1,985	885	1,100
Different than province or territory of residence	1,775	940	835	1,170	460	710
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	2,300	1,250	1,050	360	160	200
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	300	205	100	95	45	50
Philippines	15	0	20	150	65	85
India	0	0	0	10	0	10
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	150	80	70	20	10	10
China^{Census data footnote 162}	30	10	20	10	10	0
France	925	515	410	0	0	0
Other	870	445	425	75	30	45
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	60,295	29,345	30,950	4,880	2,460	2,420
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	22,485	11,600	10,880	2,320	1,375	945
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	37,815	17,745	20,070	2,560	1,085	1,475
Location of study inside Canada	36,265	16,980	19,285	2,280	965	1,315
Same as province or territory of residence	35,105	16,410	18,695	1,365	605	765
Different than province or territory of residence	1,160	575	590	910	355	550
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	1,550	765	785	280	120	160
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	165	105	65	75	30	45
Philippines	10	0	0	125	50	75
India	0	0	0	10	0	10
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	75	30	45	10	10	0
China^{Census data footnote 162}	30	0	25	10	10	0
France	660	345	315	0	0	0
Other	610	275	335	55	20	35
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	96,570	47,855	48,715	7,765	3,910	3,855
In the labour force	54,165	27,830	26,335	5,610	3,050	2,555
Employed	49,100	24,790	24,315	5,375	2,905	2,475
Unemployed	5,060	3,045	2,020	230	150	85
Not in the labour force	42,405	20,025	22,380	2,155	855	1,305
Participation rate	56.1	58.2	54.1	72.2	78.0	66.3
Employment rate	50.8	51.8	49.9	69.2	74.3	64.2
Unemployment rate	9.3	10.9	7.7	4.1	4.9	3.3
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	96,570	47,855	48,715	7,765	3,905	3,860
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	38,245	17,780	20,465	1,720	670	1,050
Worked	58,325	30,075	28,245	6,045	3,240	2,805
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	23,560	12,455	11,110	3,210	1,900	1,310
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	34,760	17,625	17,140	2,830	1,335	1,495
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.8	40.4	41.2	43.8	44.5	42.9
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	54,160	27,830	26,335	5,610	3,050	2,560
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	1,135	580	550	40	20	20
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	53,030	27,250	25,780	5,570	3,035	2,535
Employee	42,675	21,055	21,620	3,555	1,735	1,820
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	10,355	6,195	4,160	2,015	1,295	720
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	54,165	27,830	26,335	5,610	3,050	2,555
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	1,135	580	550	40	20	20
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	53,030	27,250	25,785	5,570	3,030	2,535
0 Management occupations	5,840	3,705	2,135	1,700	1,170	530
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	7,145	1,845	5,295	550	95	460
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	2,280	1,730	545	145	100	45
3 Health occupations	3,825	685	3,140	335	50	285
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	6,275	1,720	4,550	380	65	310
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,675	780	895	80	10	65
6 Sales and service occupations	14,735	6,385	8,355	795	220	575
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	8,340	7,970	370	725	655	75
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,545	1,290	255	680	510	175
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,375	1,140	235	180	160	20
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	54,165	27,830	26,330	5,605	3,050	2,555
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	1,130	585	550	35	20	20
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	53,030	27,250	25,780	5,570	3,035	2,535
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	1,710	1,230	480	1,890	1,305	580
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	240	205	35	320	300	25
22 Utilities	275	215	55	55	35	20
23 Construction	4,620	4,085	535	280	230	50
31-33 Manufacturing	3,155	2,385	770	195	150	50
41 Wholesale trade	1,405	1,070	340	130	90	45
44-45 Retail trade	7,700	3,620	4,075	445	185	260
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,030	1,480	550	150	105	45
51 Information and cultural industries	755	410	340	20	0	25
52 Finance and insurance	1,145	380	765	140	30	110
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,105	595	510	50	15	35
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	3,145	1,575	1,575	125	45	85
55 Management of companies and enterprises	20	10	10	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,295	1,515	785	110	65	50
61 Educational services	3,620	1,045	2,570	310	80	230
62 Health care and social assistance	7,140	1,325	5,815	505	65	435
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	2,240	1,250	985	140	70	70
72 Accommodation and food services	5,045	2,015	3,025	255	75	175
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,665	1,310	1,360	210	110	100
91 Public administration	2,720	1,510	1,210	245	90	155
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	49,105	24,790	24,310	5,375	2,900	2,475
Worked at home	4,960	2,365	2,600	1,710	1,070	645
Worked outside Canada	180	120	55	0	0	10
No fixed workplace address	6,190	4,700	1,495	635	485	155
Worked at usual place	37,770	17,605	20,165	3,025	1,355	1,670
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	37,770	17,605	20,165	3,025	1,350	1,670
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	14,655	6,560	8,095	1,635	745	890
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	10,670	4,655	6,015	960	425	540
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	12,170	6,245	5,930	360	155	210
Commute to a different province or territory	275	155	125	65	30	30
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	43,965	22,305	21,655	3,660	1,835	1,825
Car, truck, van - as a driver	38,840	19,960	18,880	3,045	1,590	1,455
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	1,615	565	1,055	80	40	40
Public transit	635	310	325	35	15	25
Walked	2,100	985	1,115	400	150	245
Bicycle	215	140	70	55	25	30
Other method	550	340	210	45	15	30
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	43,965	22,305	21,660	3,655	1,835	1,825
Less than 15 minutes	16,610	7,795	8,810	2,260	1,115	1,145
15 to 29 minutes	13,065	6,335	6,730	745	415	330
30 to 44 minutes	6,540	3,420	3,120	355	150	205
45 to 59 minutes	3,240	1,815	1,425	160	80	80
60 minutes and over	4,510	2,940	1,570	150	75	65
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	43,965	22,305	21,660	3,660	1,835	1,825
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	2,935	2,185	750	210	160	50
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	7,060	4,760	2,300	795	520	275
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	13,325	6,575	6,750	970	570	405
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	9,720	3,625	6,100	1,005	385	615
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	4,685	1,725	2,965	395	110	290
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	6,235	3,440	2,795	280	90	195
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	59,795	30,810	28,985	6,160	3,295	2,860
Single responses	56,985	29,240	27,740	6,150	3,295	2,860
Official languages	56,945	29,215	27,730	6,135	3,285	2,850
English	2,930	1,665	1,265	6,130	3,285	2,845
French	54,010	27,550	26,460	0	0	0
Non-official languages	40	25	20	20	10	10
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	10
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	40	25	15	15	10	10
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	15	10	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	10	10	10
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	35	25	15	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	10	10	0	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	10	10	0	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	10	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	25	15	10	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	20	15	10	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	10	10	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	10	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	10	0	0	0
Cantonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	10	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	2,815	1,570	1,245	0	0	0
English and French	2,715	1,520	1,200	0	0	0
English and non-official language	30	10	15	0	0	10
French and non-official language	30	15	15	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	40	25	15	0	0	0
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	59,795	30,810	28,990	6,160	3,295	2,865
None	42,475	21,860	20,615	6,075	3,265	2,810
English	15,165	7,790	7,370	0	0	0
French	1,935	1,045	890	0	0	10
Non-official language	120	70	50	80	35	45
Aboriginal	15	10	10	20	10	10
Non-Aboriginal	105	70	40	60	30	35
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	70	20	50	0	0	0
French and non-official language	35	25	15	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	109,990	54,665	55,325	9,300	4,665	4,640
Non-movers	97,250	48,575	48,680	8,255	4,125	4,135
Movers	12,735	6,095	6,640	1,045	535	505
Non-migrants	5,110	2,390	2,720	435	215	220
Migrants	7,625	3,700	3,925	610	320	285
Internal migrants	7,385	3,585	3,800	535	285	245
Intraprovincial migrants	7,210	3,480	3,730	345	190	160
Interprovincial migrants	170	105	65	185	100	80
External migrants	240	120	130	80	35	40
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	106,295	52,675	53,610	8,855	4,445	4,415
Non-movers	68,825	34,640	34,185	6,260	3,140	3,120
Movers	37,470	18,040	19,430	2,590	1,300	1,295
Non-migrants	14,030	6,740	7,290	960	495	465
Migrants	23,435	11,300	12,140	1,630	805	820
Internal migrants	22,625	10,905	11,725	1,320	645	670
Intraprovincial migrants	22,040	10,605	11,440	755	390	370
Interprovincial migrants	590	300	290	565	260	300
External migrants	810	395	415	310	155	155

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Laurentides--Labelle [Federal electoral district], Quebec and Division No. 4, CDR [Census division], Saskatchewan (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 22, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Laurentides--Labelle [Federal electoral district], Quebec and Division No. 4, Census division [Census division], Saskatchewan

Census Profile, 2016 Census Laurentides--Labelle [Federal electoral district], Quebec and Division No. 4, Census division [Census division], Saskatchewan

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How to cite

Census Profile, 2016 Census
Laurentides--Labelle [Federal electoral district], Quebec and Division No. 4, Census division [Census division], Saskatchewan